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XC NH PHOSPHAT

1. PHM VI P DNG:
- Phn tch mu nc ung, nc thin nhin v nc thi.
2. TI LIU THAM KHO:
Standard methods for the Examination of water and wasewater (SMEWW) - 21
st
Edition nm 2005 4500-P D. Stannous Chloride Method.
3. NI DUNG
3.1. NGUYN TC
3.2. LY MU V BO QUN MU
Bo qun bng cch lm ng lnh mu hay gi -10C. c bit khi phi gi mu
di lu, thm clorua thy ngn II vo mu theo t l 40 mg HgCl2/L. Khng dng axit
hay cloroform CHCl3 lm cht bo qun khi cn phn tch phospho cc dng khc
nhau.
Nu ch phn tch ring phospho tng cng, cho axit HCl hoc H2SO4 vo sao cho pH
<2, hay tr ng mu. Khi phospho trong mu hm lng thp, khng nn ng
mu trong bnh plastic v phospho s b hp th vo thnh bnh.
Nu dng chai thy tinh, phi xc ra bng axit clohydric HCl, sau trng li vi ln
vi nc ct. Khng dng cht ty ra thng mi c phosphat lm sch dng c
thy tinh s dng trong th nghim xc nh phospho.
3.3. YU T NH HNG MU
- nh hng ch yu l silic v arsen khi mu b un nng;
- Ion st hai nng ln hn 100 mg/L s gy sai s ln.
- Loi tr sulfide bng dung dch brom.
3.4. THIT B V DNG C
- Bp un, mung cn ha cht, erlen, pipet, bnh nh mc v cc dng c khc
trong PTN.
- My quang ph hp thu phn t: bc sng 690 nm.
3.5. HA CHT
a. Dung dch ch th phenolphthalein: Ha tan 1g phenolphthalein trong 100 mL
ethyl hoc isopropyl alcohol v thm 100 mL nc ct.
b. Dung dch ammonium molydate I: Ha tan 25 g (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O trong 175
mL nc ct. Cho t t 280 mL H2SO4 m c vo 400 mL nc ct, ngui xung
nhit phng ri thm dung dch molydate vo v nh mc thnh 1000 mL.
c. Dung dch stannous chloride I: Ha tan 2,5 g SnCl2.2H2O trong 100 mL glycerol.
un cch thy v dng a thy tinh khuy cho ha tan nhanh.
d. Dung dch Phosphat stock:
+C th mua dung dch pha sn c nng (PO4
3-
) =1001 2 mg/L.
+Hoc pha t ha cht rn tinh khit KH2PO4: Ha tan 0,2195 g KH2PO4 khan
trong 1000 mL nc ct. Dung dch ny c nng P-PO4
3-
=50 mg/L
e. Dung dch Phosphat chun lm vic: c nng P-PO4
3-
= 10 mg/L dng nc ct
pha long t dung dch stock (dd gc).
3.6. TIN TRNH TH NGHIM
3.6.1. Chun b dng c
- Ra dng c: Tt c cc dng c thy tinh dng phn tch phospho c ra
bng dung dch HCl 1:1 v trng li vi ln bng nc ct trc khi s dng.
- Erlen, bnh nh mc dng th nghim phospho khng s dng vo cc mc
ch khc.
3.6.2. Xy dng ng chun
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S dng dung dch chun lm vic c nng P-PO4
3-
=10 mg/L.
Nu ch xc nh orthophosphate th dng bnh nh mc 25 mL.
STT 0 1 2 3 4 Mu
C (P-PO
4
3-
), mg/L 0 0,2 0,4 0,8 1,2 ?
Vdd chun lm vic, mL 0 0,2 * 25/10
=

Vdd ammonium molydate I 2 mL
Vdd SnCl2 5 git (0,25 mL)
Thm nc ct n vch bnh nh mc.
Phc c mu xanh, khng bn, o mu sau 10 pht nhng khng qu 12 pht, bc
sng 690 nm.
3.6.3. Mu nc
- Ly mt th tch mu nc thch hp cho vo bnh nh mc 25 mL.
- Thm 2 mL molybdate v 5 git SnCl2 (0,25 mL) vo lc u.
- Thm nc ct n vch bnh nh mc.
- yn 10 pht (nhng khng qu 12 pht), o mu bc sng 690 nm, dng nc
ct lm mu blank. Nu mu c th ly chnh mu lm mu blank.
Ch : Tc hin mu v cng mu ph thuc vo nhit . V vy, gi mu
th, mu chun v ha cht khong 20 - 30
o
C v nhit gia chng chnh
nhau khng qu 2
o
C.
3.7. TNH KT QU
Da vo nng v hp thu va o c ca dy chun ta dng phng trnh
ng thng c dng y = A + Bx, vi y l hp thu ca mu th vo phng
trnh ta tnh c x, t ta tnh c nng ca phospho trong mu CP =x * k
(vi k l h s pha long mu; k = th tch bnh nh mc/th tch mu em phn
tch).
Kt qu cui cng c tnh theo n v: mgP-PO4
3-
/L hoc mgPO4
3-
/L. Ging
n v ca dd chun lm vic.
Nu kt qu phn tch nm ngoi khong tuyn tnh lm vic th phi pha long
mu.




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BI TP DO
Cu hi
1. Tho lun: ti sao phi duy tr mt nng oxy ha tan trong ngun nc mt,
sng sui?
2. Cc yu t no nh hng n ha tan ca oxy trong nc?
3. Cc yu cu no phi tun th khi khi ly mu DO phn tch?
4. Hy cho bit hai l do phi c nh oxy ngay ti hin trng khi khng th o
DO ti hin trng l g?
5. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng trong phng php Winker cha ci tin?
6. Lp bng ch ra 5 cht c nh hng n pp Winker cha ci tin, v ch ra
cch khc phc loi tr nh hng?
7. Trnh by cch loi tr nh hng ca nitrite bng azide nh th no?
8. Chc nng ca NaOH khi pha dd thiosulfate sodium?
9. Nhng thun li v kh khn khi o DO bng in cc mng.
10. Cc thng s no cn quan tm khi xc nh DO trong nc bng cc.

Bi tp 1
Hm lng oxy ha tan trong nc gip ta nh gi cht lng nc. Trong iu kin
khng c my o oxy ta phi dng phng php Winkler ci tin v s dng cc ha
cht c trong phng th nghim.Theo phng php ny, Mn trong nc b oxy ha t
lng thnh MnO2 bi O2 tan v sau chun MnO2 bng php o iot.
Ly mu nc vo y trn chai BOD (300 mL), cho vo 2 ml MnSO4, 2 mL dung
dch azide kim gm: NaOH; NaI; NaN3. y cht chai v lc k dung dch. yn
cho kt ta lng xung. Thm 2 mL H2SO4 c v ly 203 ml dd em chun bng
dd Na2S2O3 0,025N ti mu vng nht. Thm ch th h tinh bt (5 git) v tip tc
chun ti khi mt mu xanh, tiu hao ht 5,8 mL dd Na2S2O3 (sodium thiosunfat).
a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh hm lng oxy ha tan (DO) trong mu nc trn theo mg/L.

BI TP 2
xc nh ch s DO ca nc h Q c chiu di 1000 m, chiu rng 1000 m v
nc su l 2 m, ngi ta ly 300 ml nc h vo chai DO (Vchai =300 ml). Cho
vo 2 ml dung dch MnSO4 v 2 ml dung dch KI. Cho thm 2 ml axit H2SO4 c
vo ha tan hon ton kt ta. Sau ly 200 ml em chun bng dung dch
Na2S2O3 0,025N ht 2,9 ml vi cht ch th l h tinh bt cho n mt mu xanh.
a. Tnh ch s DO ca nc h trn.
b. nng cao ch s DO ca nc h ln 6 mg/l cn phi sc thm bao nhiu kg
oxi vo nc h .

BI TP 3 Hy cho bit DO = Th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 ch ng trong trng hp
no?

BI TP: (Dng tham kho cch lm)
Tnh nhu cu oxy l thuyt ThOD v nng carbon hu c ca mu nc c cha
cc hp cht sau: glucose (C6H12O6) 150 mg/l benzene (C6H6) 15 mg/l
Phng trnh oxy ha ca 2 hp cht l:
C6H12O6 +6O2 6CO2 +6 H2O
180 192 264 108
150
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C6H6 + 7,5 O2 6CO2 +6 H2O
78 240 264 64
15
Tng nhu cu oxy l thuyt ca dung dch l:
[(192/180) * 150 mg/l] +[(240/78)* 15 mg/l] = 206,7 mgO2/L
Tng nng carbon hu c trong dung dch l:
[(72/180) * 150 mg/l] +[(72/78)* 15 mg/l] = 73,8 mgO2/L
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BI TP COD
BI 1 :
Tnh khi lng FAS Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O cn pha 100 ml dd Fe
2+
c nng
200 mg/l?
BI 2:
Tnh gi tr COD ca mu nc thi cho bit: nng chnh xc ca Fe
2+
l 0,1N; th
tch Fe
2+
nh phn mu nc ct l 3,1 ml; th tch Fe
2+
nh phn mu nc thi l
1,9 ml; th tch mu em phn tch l 5 ml.
BI 3:
Cho quy trnh phn tch COD nh sau: Ln lt ly 2,5 ml mu nc thi pha long
5 ln vo 2 ng nghim 1 v 2, cn ng nghim th 3 v 4 cho 2,5 ml nc ct, thm
K2Cr2O7 v axit reagent, em nung 2h 150
o
C, ngui ri chun th ln lt tiu
tn ht 0,90 ; 0,92; v 1,48 ; 1,49 ml dung dch FAS. Bit hai ln chun 2,50 ml
dung dch chun K2Cr2O7 0,1N tiu tn ht ln lt 2,49 v 2,48 ml dung dch FAS
ny.
a. Hy tnh COD trong mu nc trn?
b. Hy tnh khi lng K2Cr2O7 cn dng pha 500 ml dung dch K2Cr2O7 nng
0,25N? V hy cho bit vai tr ca dung dch ny dng trong phng php phn tch
trn?
BI 4:
Cho quy trnh xc nh COD trong mu nc nh sau:
Ly 2 ng nghim: ng s 1 cha 5 ml mu nc cn xc nh COD, ng nghim s 2
cha 5 ml nc ct. Sau ln lt thm vo cc ng nghim 3 ml dung dch K2Cr2O7
v 7 ml dung dch H2SO4 reagent, y np ng nghim, lc u v em ph mu
150
o
C trong 2 gi.
Sau khi ph mu em chun , th tch dung dch Fe
2+
ln lt l 1,4 v 5,10 ml.
Bit rng chun ht 5 ml dung dch Fe
2+
ny cn 5,08 ml dung dch K2Cr2O7
0,10 N.
a. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong quy trnh phn tch ch tiu
COD trn?
b. Tnh khi lng K2Cr2O7 cn cn pha 250 ml dd K2Cr2O7 nng
0,01667M.
c. Hy m t cch pha 100 ml dung dch K2Cr2O7 nng 0,02 N t dd K2Cr2O7
0,10 N?
d. Hy tnh gi tr COD trong mu nc trn?
BI 5:
Ly 10 ml mu dng nc ct pha long thnh 25 ml, ri tin hnh phn tch COD
theo quy trnh chun. Lng dichromate tiu th cho mu ny l 3,12 x 10
-4
M. Tnh
COD ca mu nc ny?
BI 6:
Tnh nhu cu oxy l thuyt ca mu nc c cha 500 mg/L ng C12H22O11.
BI 7:
Tnh nhu cu oxy l thuyt ThOD v nng carbon hu c ca mu nc c cha
cc hp cht sau:
glucose (C6H12O6) 150 mg/l
benzene (C6H6) 15 mg/l
V lm bi tp trang 646 sch ting Anh, trang k tip.
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BI TP BOD
BI TP 1
i vi mu khng cn cy b sung vi sinh:
Th tch chai BOD l 300 ml
Th tch mu nc thi l 5 ml
DO ban u (trong chai cha nc thi v nc pha long) l 7,8 mg/l
DO sau 5 ngy (trong chai cha nc thi v nc pha long) l 3,4 mg/l
BI TP 2:
Nng ca cc hp cht hu c phn hy sinh hc trong mu nc l 37 mg/l, cng
thc phn t l C6H11ON2. Tnh nng BOD ton phn Lo (tnh lng oxy cn
oxy ha) ca hp cht hu c ny.
+[6 + - - ]O2 6CO2 + H2O +2NH3
+6,75O2 6CO2 +2,5 H2O +2NH3
127 216
37
L0 = x 216 =63 mg/l


BI TP 3:
BODL ca mu l 120 mg/l. k ca mu l 0,28 ngy
-1
, tnh BOD tiu th v BOD cn
li trong 3 ngy, 5 ngy v 10 ngy.
a). y3 =120(1 e
-0,28 x 3
) =68 mg/l L3 =120 68 =52 mg/l
b). y5 =120(1 e
-0,28 x 5
) =90 mg/l L3 =120 68 =30 mg/l
c). y10 =120(1 e
-0,28 x 10
) =113 mg/l L3 =120 68 =7 mg/l
Chng ta thy rng sau 10 ngy th 94% ca BOD tng c tiu th. V vy, lng
oxy tiu th trong 10 ngy u s xp x gi tr BOD tng.

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BI TP:
Mt kim nghim vin phn tch BOD ca mu nc thi theo ng quy trnh, sau
mu nhit 20
0
C. Mu c BOD tng l 330 mg/l, hng s tc phn ng ca
mu nc thi ny l 0,13 ngy
-1
20
0
C. n ngy th 3 th mt knv khc tng nhit
ln 25
0
C trong 20 pht. BOD5 ng ca mu l bao nhiu v BOD5 c xc nh
l bao nhiu?
=1,047.
Gi :
BOD5 ca mu l:
BOD5 =L0(1 10
-5k
) =(330 mg/l)[1 10
-(5 ngy)(0,13 ngy)
] =0,776 (330mg/l) =256 mg/l
Sau 2 ngy nng cht hu c tiu th trong mu l:
L2 =L010
-2k
20 =(330 mg/l)[10
-(2)(0,13)
] =181 mg/l
Lng BOD2 tiu th l 330 181 =149 mg/l
nhit 25
0
C:
k25 =k20
(25-20)
=(0,13 ngy
-1
) (1,047)
5
=(0,13 ngy
-1
) (1,26) =0,16 ngy
-1
.
BOD3-5 =L2(1 10
-3k
25) =(181 mg/l)[1 10
-(3 ngy)(0,16 ngy)
] =0,669(181mg/l) =121
mg/l
BOD5 c xc nh l:
BOD2 +BOD3-5 =149 +121 =270 mg/l