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BI GING
THC S: PHM TH THANH LIN

Thng 01 NM 2014
TRNG I HC V TRNG TON
KHOA DC B MN SINH HC
THC VT DC

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NI DUNG MN HC
C.I: T BO THC VT
C.II: M THC VT
C.III: C QUAN DINH DNG CA TV BC CAO
C.IV: S SINH SN & CQ SS CA TV BC CAO
C.V: DANH PHP & BC PHN LOI TV
C.VI: NGNH THNG
C.VII: NGNH NGC LAN
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C QUAN
DINH DNG
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i R CY
ii THN CY
iii L CY
C QUAN DINH DNG CA CY
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C QUAN DINH DNG CA TV
1. R
2. THN
3. L
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MC TIU
1. Trnh by c hnh thi hc ca r
cy v cch mc r con.
2. Nu c nh ngha cc loi r cy.
3. Trnh by c c im gii phu s
cp v th cp ca r cy lp Ngc lan.
4. Trnh by c c im gii phu
ca r cy lp Hnh.
5. Trnh by c cu to bt thng
ca r (r c).
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NI DUNG
I. HNH THI CA R
II. S TNG TRNG CHIU DI &
CCH MC CA R
III. CU TO GII PHU CA R
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KHI QUT V R
- R l c quan dinh dng ca cy, thng mc
di t theo hng t trn xung
- Nhim v:
+ Gi cht cy xung t,
+ Hp thu nc v cc mui v c ha tan
nui cy.
+ Tch ly cht dinh dng.
- R khng mang l, khng c lc lp
(tr r kh sinh ca h Lan)
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HNH THI CA R
1. Cc phn ca r
2. Cc loi r
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Cc phn ca r
1. Chp r
2. Vng tng trng
3. Vng lng ht
4. Vng ha bn
5. C r
HNH THI CA R
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3
2
1
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Chp r
Chp r l 1 bao trng p ln ngn r
Nhim v:
che ch u ngn r
Cc r c ph bi 1 lp si nm, r
mt ca nhng cy k sinh thng khng
c chp r.
CC PHN CA R
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Vng tng trng
CC PHN CA R
V tr:
Nm trn chp r, di khong vi mm
Ngun gc:
do cc tb m phn sinh ngn u ngn
r to ra.
Nhim v:
gip r mc di ra
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CC PHN CA R- Vng lng ht
V tr:
Nm trn vng tng trng
Nhim v:
Hp thu nc v mui khong cho cy
c im:
Mang nhiu lng ht, chiu di vng lng
ht khng thay i i vi mi loi
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Cn gi l tng tm cht bn (hay suberin
lp Ngc Lan)/ tng suberoid (lp
Hnh)
V tr: nm trn vng lng ht
Ngun gc: Lng ht rng tng t bo
l ra v vch b tm cht bn
Nhim v: che ch
c im: vng trng, khng lng
* lp Ngc lan v ngnh Thng, trong
vng ha bn cn c cc r con.
CC PHN CA R - Vng ha bn
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CC PHN CA R - C r
V tr:
on ni lin r vi thn
c im:
H thng dn ca r s chuyn tip sang
cu to h mch dn ca thn ti vng ny.
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R tr R chm R k sinh
(r mt)
R kh sinh
R r R bt nh
HNH THI CA R - Cc loi r
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1. R tr (Ngnh Ht trn, lp Ngc lan)
2. R chm (lp Hnh)
3. R bt nh (lp Hnh h La, cy a)
4. R c (c C rt, c Nhn sm, c Bnh
vi, )
5. R mt (r k sinh): Khng c chp r
6. R kh sinh (r Lan): Cha lc lp
ng ha, gip cy bm vo gin.
HNH THI CA R - Cc loi r
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CU TO GII PHU
R c cu to i xng
qua trc
Gm 2 vng:
+Vng v:
chim khong 2/3 so vi
trung tr.
+Vng trung tr:
chim khong 1/3)
Phn bit r v thn
V
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CU TO GII PHU
Cu to cp 1
+ R s cp ca lp Ngc lan, Ht trn
+ R cy lp Hnh
Cu to cp 2
R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
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R s cp (r non) ca lp Ngc lan-Ht trn
Vng v:
+ Tng lng ht
+ Tng tm cht bn
+ M mm v
+ Ni b
CU TO CP 1
Trung tr
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VNG V - Tng lng ht
Tng ng vi lp biu
b ca thn cy
+ Cu to:
- 1 lp t bo sng
- c vch mng bng
cellulose, mc di ra
thnh nhng lng ht
+ Nhim v:
ht nc v mui
khong.
Lng ht
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VNG V - Tng tm bn
Cn gi l tng tm
suberin hay ngoi b
- V tr:
+ ngay di tng
lng ht, l ra khi lng
ht rng dn
+ Mt s TB vn cn
vch cellulose gip
r h hp, trao i
cht
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VNG V - M mm v
Cu to:
Nhng t bo c vch mng bng cellulose,
gm 2 vng:
+M mm v ngoi:
Nhng TB hnh trn hoc a gic, xp ln xn
+M mm v trong:
Nhng TB hnh ch nht xp thnh dy xuyn
tm v vng ng tm, h nhng o
nh gc TB.

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VNG V - M mm v
Trong m mm v thng c cht d tr v c
th c t bo tit, ng tit hay ti tit.
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VNG V - Ni b
- Ni b l 1 lp TB (sng)
trong cng ca vng v
- Cu to TB ni b:
+ TB xp kht nhau,
+ mt ngoi v mt trong c
vch bng cellulose,
+ Cc mt bn c mt bng
suberin i vng quanh t
bo gi l ai Caspary
(khung Caspary)
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Vng trung tr
+ Tr b
+ Cc b libe g
+ Tia rut (tia ty)
+ Ty
R s cp (r non) ca lp Ngc lan-Ht trn
CU TO CP 1
VNG TRUNG TR
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VNG TRUNG TR - Tr b
Tr b: l lp t bo ngoi cng nht ca
trung tr, r con mc ra t tr b.
Cu to:
- 1 hoc nhiu lp TB,
- xp xen k TB ni b.
Vch TB c th cn
Cellulose hoc ha
M cng.
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VNG TRUNG TR - Cc b libe g
- Cc b g 1 v b libe 1
xp xen k nhau trn mt
vng.
- B g 1 c mt ct tam
gic, nh quay ra ngoi
- G phn ho hng tm
(g ln trong, g nh
ngoi)
- B g r con thng
khng c m mm g v
si g

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VNG TRUNG TR - Cc b libe g
- B libe1 st tr b;
- Libe cng phn ho hng tm.
- S lng b libe g thay i ty loi,
thng nh hn hay bng 8 b.
- Cu to bi:
+ mch ry,
+ t bo km,
+ m mm libe,
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- Ty:
L phn m mm gia ca trung tr.
VNG TRUNG TR
- Tia rut (tia ty):
L phn m mm
gia libe v g, i t
ty ra n tr b.
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R s cp lp Ngc lan R s cp lp Hnh
VNG TRUNG TR - Cc b libe g
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Cu to ging r cy lp Ngc lan nhng
nt ln, nhng c cc im khc bit:
+ R lp Hnh thuc loi r lng, ch c cu
to cp 1 (tr bn Monstera, libe 2 v
g 2 Dracoena)
CU TO CP 1- R cy lp Hnh
+ Tng ngoi cng ca tng pht sinh v
to ra lng ht.
+ R kh sinh ca vi loi Lan ph sinh c
cu trc c bit gi l mc (ht nc ma
v hi nc trong khng kh) chc nng
ca lng ht

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Tng ho bn gm nhiu lp t bo tm
suberin gi l suberoid (gi sube), chng
khng xp thnh dy xuyn tm
Tng tm bn (Ngc lan) Tng suberoid (Hnh)
CU TO CP 1- R cy lp Hnh
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T bo ni b c th c cht g dy ln
vch bn v vch trong to thnh ni b hnh
ch U (hay hnh mng nga)
Ni b hnh ch U (Hnh)
Ni b ai Caspary (Ngc lan)
CU TO CP 1- R cy lp Hnh
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- S lng b mch cao hn lp Ngc lan
(thng nhiu hn 10 b).
Lp Ngc lan Lp Hnh
CU TO CP 1- R cy lp Hnh
- Tr b thng thiu, nn b mch tip xc
vi ni b.
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+ Hu mc:
Cu to bi nhng mch to
quanh ty, khng lin
quan n tin mc.
+ Ty:
Thng thu hp v s pht
trin ca mch hu mc,
phn m mm ty cn li
thng b ho m cng
CU TO CP 1- R cy lp Hnh
CU TO CP 1- R cy lp Hnh
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R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
CU TO CP 2
- Tng pht sinh bn lc b (tng
sinh v)
- Tng tng (tng sinh tr)
Khi 2 tng ny hot ng gip r
tng chiu ngang.
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Tng pht sinh bn lc b (tng sinh v)
V tr:
khng c nh trong vng v
Cu to: 1 lp t bo.
- To ra bn mt ngoi (che ch) v lc
b bn trong l m mm cp 2 (d tr).
- Cc t bo ca bn v lc b xp thnh
dy xuyn tm.

R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
CU TO CP 2
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Tng pht sinh bn lc b (tng sinh v)
lp bn khng thm nc v kh
Tt c cc m cp 1 pha ngoi lp
bn cht i to thnh v cht (th b).

R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
CU TO CP 2
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Tng pht sinh bn lc b (tng sinh v)

R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
CU TO CP 2
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Tng tng (tng sinh tr)
V tr:
C nh, trong libe 1 v ngoi g 1
Sinh libe 2 ngoi, g 2 trong.
Cc yu t ca libe v g cp 2 u xp
thnh dy xuyn tm
+ Libe 2 sinh ra dn libe 1 ra ngoi,
+ G 2 sinh ra y g 1 vo trong

R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
CU TO CP 2
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Tng tng (tng sinh tr)

R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
CU TO CP 2
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R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
CU TO CP 2
Tng tng (tng sinh tr)
- Libe 2 gm:
Mch ry, t bo km, m mm libe v i
khi si libe.
- G 2 gm:
Cc mch g, m mm g c khi c si g
Cc b g 1 cn li pha trong g 2 c
th gip phn bit r cy cp 2 vi thn cy
cp 2.
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R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
CU TO CP 2
Tia ty cp 2:
i xuyn qua cc vng libe g cp 2 ,
- Cu to:
Nhng dy t bo xuyn tm, thng c
vch mng bng cellulose,
- Nhim v:
Trao i cht v kh gia m mm rut v
cc m bn ngoi.

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R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
CU TO CP 2
Tia ty cp 2:
Tia ty c th hp, cu to bi 1 hoc 2 dy
t bo
- Hu th lin tc:
Trng hp g 2 v libe 2 to thnh nhng
vng trn gn nh lin tc.
- Hu th gin on:
Nu tia ty rt rng, ct vng libe g cp 2
thnh nhiu b.
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R th cp ca lp Ngc lan
CU TO CP 2
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Cu to bt thng
R kh sinh
R mc trong nc
R c
R kh sinh: c th c lc lp, cc loi
Lan ph sinh (mc)
Cu to bt thng
R mc trong nc: khng c lng ht,
m mm khuyt to, m nng gn nh
khng c, s b g t
Cu to bt thng
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Gp cc cy tch tr dng liu cho
nm sau (c C rt, c Ci ng)
Hnh dng: hnh thp, mt y quay v
pha thn v khng c chi bt nh.
CU TO BT THNG R c
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C c hnh thnh do:
S ph i ca mt vng no trong r
VD: - C C rt do ph i libe 2
- C Ci trng do ph i g 2.
- C M: tng tng hot ng to ra g 2 gm
ton m mm cha y dng liu bn trong c
M ton l mch g.
S xut hin ca m cp 3
VD: - C Ci ng, c Dn, c i hong
- H Rau mui, Bng phn, Rau dn, Khoai lang

CU TO BT THNG R c
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S tng trng chiu di ca r
R tng trng l do:
S to lin tc nhng t bo mi
vng sinh m.
S tng trng chiu di ca cc t
bo ny sau khi ra khi vng sinh m.
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Cch mc r con
R con pht sinh t mt cm t bo sinh r
(tr b)
Cc t bo sinh r xp thnh: 3 tng
+ Tng trong cng:
cc t bo nguyn thy ca trung tr
+ Tng gia:
t bo nguyn thy ca v
+ Tng ngoi cng:
chp r
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Cch mc r con
Cc t bo r con y mt s t bo ni b ra
ngoi thnh mt ti tiu ho p ln trn ngn r
con
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Cch mc r con
V tr xut hin ca r con c quan h vi s
lng b g trong r m:
+ S b g r m >= 3 r con mc
trc mt b g.
+ S b g r m = 2 r con pht sinh
hai bn b g.
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SINH L R
- Chc nng chnh ca r cy l:
+ Hp th nc v mui v c cho cy nh
cc lng ht.
+ Gi cht cy xung t v i khi cn
lm nhim v d tr (r c) hay quang hp
(r Lan).
- R ch hp thu bi cc lng ht.
Mi mm
2
r c ti 400 lng ht, do din
tch hp thu ca r c tng ln t 512
ln.
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S HP THU NC
Cy cha t 6597% nc cho nn cn
hp thu rt nhiu nc.
Sc ht ca cc lng ht ph thuc vo
quy lut:

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S HP THU NC
- Sc ht s rt mnh khi mng t bo
cha b cng nhiu hoc dch t bo rt
m c.
- Sc ht s yu i khi dch t bo long
hoc khi t bo ht nhiu nc ri,
lm cho mng t bo cng ra.

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a nc ln cao, cn phi c thm
sc y ca r v sc kt hp:
+ Ap sut thm thu ca l non phi cao
mi ht nc ln,
+ Thnh mch phi cng v chu c sc
bm ca ct nc,
+ Ct nc phi khng c bt.
S HP THU NC
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- i vi nhng cy sng trong mi
trng nc, ch cn sc y ca r
c th a nc ln cao,
- Cy sng trong mi trng kh phi
kt hp sc y ca r v sc kt hp.
S HP THU NC
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S HP THU CC MUI V C
- S hp thu cc mui ha tan
Cc mui v c ha tan trong nc s b
phn ly thnh ion v xm nhp vo r di
dng ion.
- S hp thu cc mui khng tan
i vi mt s mui khng tan, r cy s
tit ra mt s acid bin cc mui ny
thnh cc mui tan c
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CNG DNG CA R I VI NGNH DC
- Nhiu r v r c c dng lm thuc
nh:
Nhn sm, Hoi sn, H th , H th
trng.
- Cn nm vng hnh thi, cu to gii
phu ca r :
Trnh nhm ln trong cng tc thu
mua,
Lm tt cng tc kim nghim nhng
dc liu c ngun gc l r.
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TRC NGHIM
Chiu di ca vng lng ht ca r non
c c im......

A. Pht trin theo chiu di ca cy

B. n khi cy gi, vng lng ht s ngn
li

C. Khng thay i i vi mi loi

D. Tng theo s sinh trng ca cy
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Nhim v ca r cy l
A. Gi cht cy xung t, hp thu nc v cc
mui v c ha tan.
B. Gi cht cy xung t, hp thu nc v cc
mui v c ha tan, quang hp, trao i cht.
C. Gi cht cy xung t, hp thu nc v cc
mui v c ha tan, tch ly cht dinh dng.
D. Tt c cc trn
TRC NGHIM
TRC NGHIM
R tr c trng cho....

A. R lp Hnh

B. R cy Ht trn, lp Ngc Lan.

C. R lp Ngc Lan

D. R cy ht trn.
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Nhim v ca vng ha bn ca r non

A. Ht nc v cc mui ha tan

B. Trao i cht

C. Che ch cho r

D. Gip r mc di ra
TRC NGHIM
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c trng ca r mt

A. Chui vo v cy ht cht dinh dng

B. Cu to r khng c chp r

C. Thng gp cc loi cy k sinh

D. ng ha


TRC NGHIM
TRC NGHIM
Loi r no sau y khng c chp r?

A. R c ph bi mt lp si nm

B. R mt ca cy k sinh, r cy h u.

C. R chm cy mt l mm.

D. R c ph bi mt lp si nm, r
mt ca cy k sinh
TRC NGHIM
R cy lp Ngc lan pht trin theo chiu
ngang nh hot ng ca.....

A. Tng pht sinh bn lc b v tng ty

B. Tng pht sinh bn - lc b v tng tng

C. Tng pht sinh bn - lc b v tia ty

D. Tng pht sinh bn - lc b v tng g
TRC NGHIM
R con pht sinh t...

A. Nhng t bo ca tr b cn gi tnh
phi sinh

B. Nhng t bo nguyn thy vng sinh
m

C. Nhng t bo tia g

D. Nhng t bo ni b
TRC NGHIM
Khong cch gia cc b libe v g
c nhng dy m mm gi l....

A. Tia rut

B. Tia ty

C. Tia rut hay tia ty

D. Trung tr.
TRC NGHIM
S hp thu nc ca cy thun li
trong iu kin: p sut thm thu ca
l non phi .............., thnh mch phi
......... v chu c sc bm ca ct
nc, ct nc khng c bt kh.

A. ...Thp........mm..........
B. ...Thp........cng ..........
C. ...Cao ..........mm.........
D. ...Cao..........cng..........
TRC NGHIM
R c th hp thu cc mui khng tan
trong t nh c ch?

A. Phn ly thnh cc ion

B. R cy s tit ra mt s acid bin
thnh mui tan c.

C. Phn ng ha hc

D. Cu to c bit ca r.
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The end!