Giáo trình LabVIEW căn bản PDF

Ngn ng lp trnh LabView
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Chng 6
NGN NG LP TRNH LabVIEW
6. 1 Gii thiu v LabVIEW
LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Istrument Electronic Workbench) ca hng National
Instruments, l mt ngn ng lp trnh bng ho s dng cc biu tng (icons) thay cho cc
dng lnh to ra cc ng dng. LabVIEW s dng lp trnh dng d liu - d liu xc nh s
thc hin ca chng trnh. Chnh bi hnh thc ny m LabVIEW em n mt cch nhn trc
quan nht v phng php phn tch, x l v thit k h thng v c bit hu ch trong thu thp
cng nh x l tn hiu.
LabVIEW c kh nng thit lp mng truyn thng chuyn dng cho vic nhn v truyn d
liu gia cc my tnh trong cng nghip, c tch hp y cho vic truyn tin vi cc phn
cng nh l GPIB, VXI, PXI, RS-232, RS-485, v cc thit b thu nhn d liu V vy m
LabVIEW c cc c trng c xy dng bn trong ph hp vi vic kt ni cc ng dng.
LabVIEW c cc th vin y dng cho thu thp, phn tch hin th v lu tr d liu.
LabVIEW cng c cc cng c pht trin phn mm truyn thng. Ngi s dng c th to cc
im dng, chy m phng chng trnh v chy tng bc c chng trnh n gin ho vic g
ri v vit chng trnh.
6.1.1 Ngn ng lp trnh G (Graphic)
Ngn ng lp trnh G l mt ngn ng ha v c s dng cho phn m t cc kt ni v
mi quan h gia cc i tng trong biu khi v y l nn tng ca LabVIEW, ngn ng
G khc vi ngn ng lp trnh dng text theo nhiu cch.
Trc ht, ngn ng dng text c thc thi mt cch tuyn tnh, ngha l tng lnh mt.
Lnh k tip s c thc thi ngay sau khi lnh trc c hon thnh, ngha l ch c mt lnh
duy nht c thc thi mt thi im. Ngn ng G c nhng c tnh khc bit. Mt khi
ha c thc thi ch khi cc input ca n c nh ngha hoc c xc nh. iu ny ngha
l n c kh nng to ra mt biu c cc nhnh song song, v vy ta nhn thy s thc thi cc
hot ng cng mt lc.
Ngn ng G hon ton l mt ngn ng lp trnh v cung cp nhiu tnh nng thng dng
chng hn nh vng lp For, While, Case structure v mt nt mi m n khng phi c trng
cho ngn ng dng text c gi l Sequence structure, n cho php thc thi tuyn tnh nhng
phn no ca chng trnh.
6.1.2 S khc bit gi LabVIEW v ngn ng lp trnh dng text
- Ngn ng dng text (C, pascal, Matlab. . ) l s dng nhng dng lnh dng text, ca
LabVIEW l lp trnh dng ha.

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- Lp trnh dng tun t (C, pascal, Matlab) cn LabVIEW lp trnh dng song song.
- Dy dn biu din cho dy c lng
- Ngn ng dng text s dng nhng dng lnh xc nh lnh thc thi chng trnh, cn
LabVIEW th s dng dng d liu xc nh lnh thc thi.
6. 1. 3 Nhng im ging nhau gia LabVIEW v ngn ng lp trnh dng text
- Algorithm code
- Bin dch (trong LabVIEW c n)
- Input algorithm output (LabVIEW: input/output c th can thip thng qua font
panel v algorithm c th can thip thng qua diagram)
6. 1. 4 Thun li v bt li
* Thun li :
- Xy dng cc dng c iu khin v hin th ging nh tht, nhanh chng, d dng
- Lp trnh kh d dng cho nhng cng vic rt phc tp chng hn nh s t ng ha
ca nhng th nghim phc tp
- Tt c kh nng ca LabVIEW u phi by trn desktop
- Mt thun li quan trng khc l kh nng thc thi nhng script m c gi t xa t bt
k ng dng c quyn truy sut vo NI DataSocket server (giao thc TCP/IP c th s
dng tt)
* Bt li :
- Bn quen vi lp trnh bng cu lnh cc ngn ng khc ri
- Bn c th d b ri trong m biu (Nu bn ko kin nhn hay cng vic gii quyt
c xy dng sai lc u)
6. 1. 5 ng dng ca LabVIEW
Phn mm LabVIEW ang ngy cng pht trin v tr nn chuyn dng cho cc h thng o
lng. Phn mm ny gip cho vic thit k cc thit b o o cho cc phng th nghim da trn
c s l cc thit b thc t, ngi s dng hon ton c th thao tc d dng trn cc thit b o
ny ging nh i vi cc thit b thc t. LabVIEW c kh nng thch ng vi cc phn cng
v cc phn mm khc nhau nn n rt hu ch trong vic thu thp phn tch v x l s liu nn
rt tin dng cho cc phng th nghim. Vi cc ng dng hu ch, LabVIEW xm nhp vo
hu ht cc lnh vc t nhng cng vic ch n gin l m phng n nhng cng vic phc tp
nh:
- Trong t ng ho: dn ng cho pilot ca my cng c to cc chi tit, kim tra
nhit cua motor trong dy chuyn lp rp.
- Trong qun s: kim tra kh nng truyn v nhn ca ngten radar.

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- Trong ngnh sn xut gang thp: ci thin kh nng t ng ho trong vic to ra cc
thnh phm, chi tit c kh.
- Trong ngnh nng lng: thu thp v iu khin qu trnh np nng lng.
- Trong ngnh v tr: iu khin v thu thp d liu ca thit b vin thm.
- Trong vin thng: s dng cc thit b o qua mng thu thp cc s liu tc thi ti
mt ni khc.
- Trong thng tin v tuyn: t ng kim tra cc thit b truyn pht.
- Trong y hc: thu thp v x l, phn tch rung v cc chuyn ng bt thng.
Theo ti liu Laview online, th LabVIEW c ng dng c th trong cng nghip nh:
- Kim tra, o kim v phn tch tn hiu trong k thut (o nhit , phn tch nhit trong
ngy)
- Thu thp d liu (Data Acquisition), (Thu thp cc gi tr p sut, cng dng in )
- iu khin cc thit b (iu khin ng c DC) .
- Phn loi sn phm (Dng chng trnh x l nh phn bit sn phm b li, ph
phm)
- Bo co trong cng nghip (Thu thp, phn tch d liu v bo co cho ngi qun l rt
xa thng qua giao thc truyn TCP/IP trong mi trng mng thernet
- Giao tip my tnh v truyn dn d liu qua cc cng giao tip (H tr hu ht cc chun
giao tip nh USB, PCI, COM, RS-232, RS-485).
6. 2. Lp trnh LabVIEW cn bn
6.2.1 Cch thc hot ng ca LabVIEW
Nhng chng trnh LabVIEW thit k dng c, thit b, b th nghim c gi l
nhng thit b o (Virtual Instruments VIs), bi v hnh dng v cch hot ng ging vi
nhng thit b vt l, chng hn nh cc b th nghim iu khin nhit , iu khin mc cht
lng, my nghim dao ng, my hin sng. Mi VI s dng nhng hm m tn hiu u vo t
giao din ngi dng hoc t nhng ngun khc v hin th ra thng tin hoc di chuyn ti
nhng file khc hoc computer khc.
6.2.2 Gii thiu dng c o
Chng trnh labview c gi l dng c o hay l cc VI. Mt VI cha 3 thnh phn
sau:
- Font panel l giao din ngi s dng
- Block diagram cha on m ha m n nh ngha chc nng ca VI .
- Icon v connector panel Ch nh mt VI m c s dng trong mt VI khc. (kt ni
v biu tng lm chng trnh con). Mt VI c s dng trong VI khc thng gi

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l subVI. Mt subVI tng ng vi chng trnh con (subroutine) trong ngn ng lp
trnh dng text.

Hnh 6.1 Cc dng c iu khin v hin th
6. 2. 3 Front Panel
Font Panel mt giao din vi ngi. Bn xy dng font panel bng cch s dng nhng
b iu chnh d liu (Controls) v dng c hin th d liu c x l (Indicators)
- Control l cc i tng c t trn Front Panel cung cp d liu cho cc khi trong
chng trnh. N tng t nh u vo cung cp d liu.
- Indicator l i tng c t trn Front Panel dng hin th kt qu, n tng t
nh b phn u ra ca chng trnh.
Nhng b iu khin v dng c hin th ny c t trong control palette ca
labview.
Cc b iu khin l nhng nt xoay (knobs), nt nhn (push buttons), b phm bm (dials)
v cc c cu input khc.
Dng c hin th l nhng text, th, biu , LEDs, . . vv.
6. 2. 4 Block Diagram
Block diagram cha m source ha, c bit nh l m G hoc m block diagram,
gip cho VI chy. Block diagram s dng cc biu tng hm ha kt ni cc iu khin
vi cc hin th thnh chng trnh phc v mc ch ca ngi lp trnh (cc iu khin v
hin th trong block diagram tng ng vi cc iu khin v hin th trn font panel) khi ta
t trn font panel mt iu khin hoc hin th th s xut hin trong block diagram mt khi
iu khin hoc hin th tng ng
Trong Block Diagram gm cc thit b u cui (Terminal), Nt (Node) v cc dy ni
(wire)
- Terminal: L m biu tng cho cc iu khin hay hin th trong font panel. N cha d
liu ca cc iu khin hoc hin th nn n dng thay i d liu gia font panel v
block diagram. Khi bn nhp d liu t cc iu khin trong font panel n s c truyn
n thit b u cui.

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- Nodes: L cc phn t thc hin chng trnh trong block diagram, n c u vo v u
ra. thc hin hot ng khi VI chy, chng tng t nh cc lnh ton t, hm v cc
chng trnh con trong cc ngn ng lp trnh thng thng.
- Wires: L cc dy ni d liu gia cc node vi cc iu khin v hin th truyn d
liu. mi loi dy c mt loi d liu ring. mu dy, loi dy ph thuc vo loi d liu
ca chng.
Dng d liu (data flow) i trong dy dn t nhng b iu khin ti cc cc khi lnh thc
hin v ti cc hin th
Hnh 6.2 Gii thiu v Block Diagram
6. 2. 5 Icon & Connector
Xy dng Icon v connector s dng trong VI khc
- Icon (biu tng) : l biu tng ca VI hay ca mt chng
trnh, mt chng trnh c mt biu tng ring hoc theo ngi lp trnh to chng
trnh ny c th c s dng lm chng trnh con trong chng trnh khc. Khi mt VI
c s dng nh chng trnh con trong mt VI khc, khi VI c gi l SubVI.
Bn c th xy dng mt kt ni nh hnh di y s dng VI nh mt sub VI

- Connector (b ni) : L mt phn t ca Terminal dng ni cc u vo v u ra ca
cc VI. Khi s dng mt VI lm sub VI th ta phi qui nh nhng u vo v u ra. u
vo c kt ni vi cc iu khin nhn d liu, u ra kt ni vi nhng khi lnh

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hoc cc thit b hin th khc, Icon v connector u nm Trn gc phi ca font panel
v block diagram

Hnh 6.3 Icon v connector
Khi mun to connector v Icon th ta a chut vo icon mc nh trn gc phi ca font panel
nhp phi chut v chn edit icon, nhp chut phi vo Icon v chn show connector chn kt
ni u vo v u ra. Ta c th thay i c Icon v connector
6. 2. 6 Mi trng labview:
6.2.6.1 Getting tarted window: Getting tarted xut hin khi bn chy labview. S dng window
ny to cc VI, m cc file, tm v d, m ti liu hc labview, m help c nhng
thng tin c bn. Getting tarted s mt khi bn m mt v d hoc mt file hay bn to mt VI
mi.
- Cc menu: Cc menu nm pha trn ca mt VI bao gm cc mc ph bin ti cc
giao tip khc cng nh open, coppy, paste, . vv
- Thanh cng c: S dng cc nt nhn trn thanh cng c chy, dng VI v g ri
chng trnh

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Hnh 6.4 Cc menu v cc thanh cng c
Hnh 6.5 Menu v thanh cng c
- Context help windown: Context help hin th thng tin c bn v nhng d n labview khi
bn di chuyn con tr chut trn mi d n. khi c thng tin c bn trn context help m bn
mun tm hiu chi tit hn thi click vo detaled help hoc click vo biu tng hnh du hi nh
hnh di y:
s dng context help chn: help/show context help
S dng labview pattlet, dng c, menu xy dng font panel v block diagram ca VIs.
labview bao gm 3 palettes: Control palettes, Function palette, Tools palettes
- Controls palette: Ch s dng trong font panel, control palette bao gm nhng iu khin
v hin th, bn s dng xy dng font panel. truy xut controls palette ta vo:
view /controls palette

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Hnh 6.6 Controls palette
- Functions palette: Ch s dng trong block diagram, functions palette bao gm cc VI v
cc hm lnh. Bn s dng xy dng block diagram. . . nu bn bit tn ca cc hm
m khng bit n nm u th nhp tn ca hm vo tm kim. truy xut
functions palette: chn view/Functions palette

Hnh 6.7 Functions palette
6.2.5.2 Tools Palette (dng c)
Tools palette c dng trong font pannel v block diagram. Cc cng c ny ta chn chng
thc hin mt chc nng ring nh: ni dy, di chuyn cc khi. iu khin th, nhp s, ghi
nhn cho cc iu khin. . . v. v
LabVIEW t ng chn nhng cng c cn thit hin th trn Font panel v Block diagram. Cc
chc nng cng c c th la chn ch c bit theo con tr chut. S dng cc cng c
to v hiu chnh cc i tng trong Front panel v Block diagram.
hin th Tools pallete, vo View\Tools pallete hoc nhn phm shift +click phi chut.
Hin nh hnh di

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Hnh 6.8 Tools palette
Chc nng c th ca cc cng c c bn:
Hnh 6.9 Chc nng tool pallete
- Operating tool: L dng c dng iu khin gi tr ca cc iu khin khi cha chy chng
trnh
- Positioning tool: L dng c di chuyn cc phn t iu khin hay chn cc dng c.
- Labeling tool: L dng c ghi nhn cho cc iu khin hay nhp gi tr ca cc iu khin
hay cc hin th.
- Wiring tool: L dng c dng ni dy gia cc phn t iu khin hay vi cc lnh.
- Scroll tool: Dng c ko d n i ln, xung, qua tri, phi.
- Color tool: Dng c thay i mu ca cc iu khin v hin th.
6.2.5.2 Mt s b iu khin v hin th trong controls palette
Khi to VI mi ta phi ly cc iu khin hoc hin th trong controls palette
+ Numeric control:
Vo font panel nhp phi chut hoc chn trn thanh cng c (chn view/control palette. ri t
control ta tm n cc th vin ly cc khi lnh

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Hnh 6.10 ta mun ly cc iu khin s, ta vo controls /numeric controls v chn cc iu
khin mnh mun. cc phn t iu khin s dng iu khin s, thay i gi tr iu khin
s bng nhng cc sau :
- S dng cng c hot ng hoc cng c nhn click bn trong hin th s v thay i t
bn phm.
- S dng cng c hot ng click vo nt tng hoc gim ca mt iu khin s, tng
hoc gim gi tr.

Hnh 6.10 chn iu khin s
+ Boolean Controls
B cng c ny cung cp 2 gi tr l True v False. Khi thc hin chng trnh ngi s dng s
dng chut iu khin gi tr ca thit b. Vic thay i gi tr ca cc thit b ch c tc dng
khi cc thit b c xc lp ch l cc Control. Cn nu ch l cc Indicator th gi
tr khng thay i v chng ch l cc thit b hin th

Hnh 6.11 Boolean Controls/Indicators
+ String Controls/Indicators:
Cc iu khin ny dng nhp v hin th cc k t, s. . vv. n cng c th c xc lp
ch u vo hay u ra mun s dng cc phn t ny. Ta vo
controls/modern/string&path/string control hoc string indicator. Nh hnh 6.12

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Hnh 6.12 Ly string control, string indicator

Hnh 6.13 th
+ th, Biu : l nhng hin th dng biu din d liu s dng biu hoc th
s dng biu v th, t font panel ta chn control/modern/graph/chn loi biu v
th thch hp


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Hnh 6.14 Chn th v biu
6.2.5.4 Cc kiu v cu trc d liu :
a) Tt c cc kiu d liu tiu chun u c: numeric, Boolean, string
b) Cc cu trc d liu tiu chun: array (list, table)
c) Cc cu trc d liu nng cao : cluster, chart, ring,
Cc Function
a) Cc kiu function tiu chun c sn: numeric, boolean, string, array, logical, file I/O
b) Cc function nng cao: time, communication, DAQ, instrumentation control, data analysis,


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Hnh 6.15 Cc dng dy ni trn Block Diagram
Cc loi dy ni theo tng kiu d liu s c t ng cp nht, khi bn chn kiu d liu, v
d nh khi bn chn mt iu khin mng th kiu dy mng s c t ng xut hin khi bn
ni mng ti cc hm hoc hin th
1 D liu:
Ngn ng lp trnh LabVIEW h tr cho tt c cc dng d liu. Cc kiu d liu dng
Boolean, bytes, string, array, file, text, cluster v dng s c th c chuyn i mt cch d
dng sang cc dng cu trc. Sau y chng ta xem xt mt vi dng d liu
+ Variables (bin)
Trong qu trnh lp trnh cn thit phi s dng ti cc bin. Thng qua cc bin, ngi
lp trnh c th thc hin c vic x l v thay i d liu mt cch thun li. Trong
LabVIEW, cc bin c s dng di 2 dng l bin ton cc (global variables) v cc bin cc
b (local variables).
- Global varialbles (bin ton cc): Bin ton cc c s dng thc hin cng vic
truyn v lu tr d liu gia mt vi VIs. Bin ton cc c coi l mt i tng
trong LabVIEW.
- Local variable: Cho php ngi s dng c hoc vit thng tin ln 1 trong nhng thit
b iu khin hoc thit b hin th trn Front Panel. to mt bin cc b, chn
Local Variable t bng Structs & Constants.
Kiu string (chui) l mt tp hp cc k t. Ta c th s dng chui tham gia tnh ton x l.
la chn cc text lu tr d liu kiu string ta chn t String & path t control palette
c hnh nh sau (hnh 2. 19)


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Hnh 6.16 String
LabVIEW cung cp cho ngi s dng cc cng c thao tc trn LabVIEW nh vic
tm kim, xc nh di ca chui k t, chuyn dy k t thnh dng vit hoa v ngc li, so
snh chui, thay mt s k t trong chui nay sang mt s chui khc. cc hm c cung cp
trong menu string trn Function Pallete c hnh 2. 20

Hnh 6.17 Function / String
Khng ch vy c th thc hin vic chuyn i t dng string sang cc dng khc nh dng s,
dng mng (array). Trong LabVIEW, i khi ngi s dng c th cn phi to ra hoc hin th
mt s k t trong bng m ASCII m khng th hin th c vd: Esc, tab. gii quyt vn
, LabVIEW cung cp mt s t i din cho cc t , khi cn th hin cc k t ta
ch cn g vo nhng t i din cho chng trn Front Panel. Sau y l mt s t thay th
(Escape Code)

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Bng 6. 1 - Escape Code :

+ Array
Trong vic lp trnh i khi chng ta cn x l mt s cc dy s m mi phn t trong
c th c x l nh tng thnh phn ring bit, v vy m ta cn ti mng. Cc mng y
c th l mng 1 chiu (mt ct hoc 1 vect), mng 2 chiu, mng 3 chiu. LabVIEW h tr
cho ngi lp trnh c th to ra cc mng ca cc m trong cha d liu kiu numberic,
string, boolean v rt nhiu cc dng d liu khc. Cc mng thng c to ra bi cc vng
lp. Vic s dng vng lp tt cho cc ng dng bi v n xc nh mt vng b nh xc nh t
khi n bt u.
Mt s hm s dng thao tc trn mng:
Vic s dng cc hm trn bng Function >> Array to v iu khin cc mng

Hnh 6.18 Array
Trn bao gm cc hm sau
Array Constant
Array Max & Min
Array Size
Array Subset

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Array To Cluster
Build Array
Cluster To Array
Decimate 1D Array
Delete From Array
Index Array
Initialize Array
Insert Into Array
Interleave 1D Arrays
Interpolate 1D Array
Replace Array Subset
Reshape Array
Reverse 1D Array
Rotate 1D Array
Search 1D Array
Sort 1D Array
Split 1D Array
Threshold 1D Array
Transpose 2D Array
Chy v g ri chng trnh: chy c chng trnh bn phi ni dy tt c cc sub Vis,
cu trc, hm, vi ng loi d liu. cho nhng thit b u cui. Bn c th s dng show
context help kim tra hm v loi d liu. Khi bn ni dy m dy b gy c ngha l khng
ng loi d liu.
Chy VI: bn c th chy VI khi nt run trn thanh cng c khng b gy nh hnh di y:

Khi chy ang chy chng trnh nt run s nh hnh di:

Khi mt VI b li v s khng chy c th nt run s b gy nh hnh sau:

Khi VI b li th chng ta phi khc phc ht li mi c th chy VI c. Chng ta khc phc
nh sau: click vo nt chy v sau chn show error v xem n b li g v tm cch khc phc

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Tm kim v d c sn trong labview: T font panel bn chn help/find examples hoc t ca
s Getting tarted chn find examples. Sau tm nhng v d bn cn quan tm m.
+ Mu ca d n: C th thay i mu ca nhiu cng c v d n s dng cng c mu t
tools pallete. click phi trn d n mun thay i mu thay i

Hnh 6.19 Cng c thay i mu
Bn s dng cng c ny thit k d n ca bn tht p vi cc mu sc bn thch. Bn c
th thay i mu mc nh ca cc d n bng cch chn tools /color
6.2.5 CC HM THNG DNG TRONG LABVIEW
Cc cu trc iu khin lung chng trnh
Trong bt c ngn ng lp trnh no, ta cng hay thng gp v lm vic vi cc phn t
iu khin lung chng trnh, l cc cu trc (Structures). Cc cu trc iu khin lung
chng trnh trong mt VI c nm cu trc l: For Loop, While Loop, Case Structure, Sequence
Structure v Fomula Node.
Cc cu trc thc hin t ng khi d liu u vo ca chng c sn v thc hin cc
cng vic theo mun cho ti khi hon thnh th mi cung cp d liu ti cc dy ni d liu
u ra. Tuy nhin, mi cu trc thc hin theo cc quy tc ring (Sub Diagram) ca n
SubDiagram l tp hp ca cc Node, Wire v Terminal bn trong ng vin ca Structure.
Mi cu trc For Loop v While Loop c mt SubDiagram. Cu trc Case v Sequence c th c
nhiu SubDiagram, nhng ch c mt SubDiagram c th c thc hin ti mt thi im. Cch
xy dng cc SubDiagram cng ging nh vic xy dng cc Block diagram mc u.
Vic truyn d liu vo v ra cc Structure thng qua cc Terminal m c t ng to
ra ni dy ni i qua ng vin ca cu trc, cc Terminal ny c gi l cc ng ng
(Tunel).
Cc cu trc iu khin chng trnh trong LabVIEW nm Functions
\programming\Structures.
- For Loop.
For Loop l mt cu trc lp thc hin s bn trong n mt s ln nh trc. khi thc
hin ht s vng lp c nh trc th vng lp For mi a ra kt qu thc hin s bn
trong

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Hnh 6.20
truy cp For Loop ta chn Menu: Functions\programming \ Structures \ For Loop. For
Loop c hai Terminal l:
Count Terminal (Terminal u vo): Ch ra s ln vng lp phi thc hin. ci t s
ln lp ta click phi vo N v chn constant v nhp s vo
Iteration Terminal (Terminal u ra): Cha s ln vng lp thc hin. Gi tr ca i thay
i t 0 ti n-1.
- While Loop
While Loop l mt cu trc lp thc hin s bn trong n cho n khi gi tr Boolean
a ti Conditional Terminal (mt Terminal u vo) l trng vi iu kin c thit lp
thc hin vng lp.
truy cp While Loop ta chn Menu: Functions\programming\ Structures \ While Loop. Khi ta
ly mt vng lp while th c mt nt stop c nh km dng vng lp khi iu kin vo l
ng. Bn click phi vo ng bin ca vng lp chn iu kin l: stop if true hoc
continue if true t menu xung.

Hnh 6.21 While Loop
VI kim tra Conditional Terminal ti cui mi vng lp, do While Loop lun thc hin t nht
mt ln. Iteration Terminal l mt Terminal u ra m a ra s ln vng lp thc hin c.
Vic tnh s lp lun c bt u t 0.

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V vy, nu vng lp chy mt ln th Iteration Terminal a ra kt qu 0. Vic thc hin vng
lp c th c xc nh thng quaConditional Terminal. Ti Conditional Terminal. Ta thng
s dng vng lp while khi mun chng trnh trong vng lp lm vic lin tc
truy cp while Loop ta chn Menu: Functions\programming \ Structures \ while Loop.
+ Thanh ghi dch: S dng thanh ghi dch khi bn mun a d liu t ln hot ng trc ti
ln hot ng tip theo mt thanh ghi dch nh hnh di:
to mt thanh ghi dch bn click phi vo ng bin ca mt vng lp v chn add shift
resister t menu xung
- Case & Sequence Structures
Case Structure v Sequence Structure l cc cu trc thc hin mt SubDiagram bn
trong n. Case Structure thc hin SubDiagram da trn mt gi tr u vo m c b chn
gi. Sequence Structure thc hin cc SubDiagram mt cch tun t theo th t m chng xut
hin.
C Case Structure v Sequence Structure c th c nhiu SubDiagram, nhng ch c mt
SubDiagram c nhin thy ti mt thi im. Ti ng vin bn trn ca mi cu trc l mt
ca s hin th SubDiagram m gm c s nh danh (Diagram Identifer) gia v nt tng
(Increment), nt gim (Decrement) hai bn. Diagram identifier ch ra SubDiagram hin thi
c hin th.
i vi Case Structure th diagram identifer l mt danh sch cc gi tr la chn
SubDiagram. v d ta c th chn true hoc false Ta thng s dng cu trc case nh hm if
trong ngn ng lp trnh dng text i vi Sequence Structure th diagram identifier l khung
(Frame) trong Sequence (t 0 ti n-1). i vi sequence l cu trc tun t v d ta c th thm
tng phn ca cu trc bng cch nhp phi vo ng bin ca cu trc v chn add frame
before hoc add frame after. Khi thc hin n s thc hin ht phn ny ri n phn khc tun
t cho n ht. Case Structure v Sequence Structure c minh ha hnh 2. 25

Hnh 6.22 Case Structure v Sequence Structure
Khi nhn vo nt tng (bn phi) hoc nt gim (bn tri) s lm hin th SubDiagram k tip
hoc trc tng ng. Nhn nt tng khi SubDiagram cui cng lm hin th SubDiagram
u tin cn nhn nt gim khi SubDiagram u tin lm hin th SubDiagram cui cng.

Trang 20
truy cp Case Structure v Sequence Structure ta chn Menu: Functions \programming\
Structures \ Case
Hoc Functions \programming\ Structures \ Sequence

Hnh 6.23 chn cu trc
- Formula Node
Formula Node l cu trc dng thc hin cc dy cng thc ton hc bn trong n.
Khi dng Formula Node ta c th vo cc cng thc trc tip trong mt Block diagram
nh chut ch Labeling Tool. to cc u vo v cc u ra, bm vo ng vin ca
Formula Node v chn Add Input (Add Output), nh vo tn bin vo bn trong hp. Cc cng
thc c nh vo bn trong ng vin ca Formula Node, mi cng thc trnh by phi kt
thc bng du chm phy (;).
V d minh ha Formula Node c dng nh hnh 6. 24.
truy cp Formula Node ta chn:
Functions \programming\ Structures \ Formula Node
Cc ton t v hm c th dng bn trong Formula Node c lit k trong ca s Help ca
Formula Node.

Hnh 6.24 Formula Node
- SubVIs

Trang 21
Sau khi xy dng mt VI v biu tng v vung lin kt (connector panel) ca n, th ta c
th s dng n trong mt VI khc. Mt VI bn trong mt VI khc c gi l subVI. Mt subVI
tng ng vi mt th tc con trong ngn ng lp trnh dng text (hm Record trong Pascal,
Proceduce trong Visual Basic). S dng subVI c nhng thun li sau:
Chia ra tng Module r rng
D dng debug (d li)
Khng phi to li code
i hi t b nh
Di y l v d v s tng ng ca subVI vi hm th tc con trong ngn ng lp
trnh dng text.
Hnh 6.25 Tng ng chng trnh con dng text
V d v Icon v connector panel
Sau khi xy dng mt VI, ta phi to icon v connector pane cho n c th s dng c nh
mt subVI. Mi VI u c mt icon, n nm gc trn bn phi ca c 2 ca s Front panel v
Block diagram.
hiu r cch to subVI v icon, connector pane ca n th ta lm v d sau:
To giao din Front panel ca VI ging hnh bn di.

Trang 22

Hnh 6.26 Front Panel
V trong block diagram ta lin kt nh sau:

Hnh 6.27 Block Diagram
to icon th ta click phi vo biu tng gc phi bn trn ca Front panel hoc
Block diagram. Sau bng Icon Editor xut hin nh hnh di, trong c cc cng c dng
v tng t trong Paint.


Trang 23
Gi s ta v Icon nh sau :

By gi ta to cc Connector Panel. Click phi ln biu tng Icon, chn Show
Connector

Sau to Connector : Khi to kt ni ta phi chn chut ch writing tool

Lm tng t, cho n Connector cui cng nh hnh v bn di.

Trang 24

Sau save li vi tn slope. vi. khi mun s dng sub VI ny C th click phi vo block
diagram ca VI sau vo Function pallete / Use a VI Ri tr ti tp tin slope. vi hoc ta c
th ko icon ca slope. vi ang m sang block diagram ca VI mi.

Ta c th to mt SubVI option bng cch dung chut tri chn vng mun to SubVI, sau d
vo Edit chn Create a SubVi

Hnh 2. 31 Chn vng to chng trnh con
NHM D LIU:
+Ta c th nhm d liu dng string, string thng dng trong cc nhp d liu cho thun
tin hoc do mc ch nhiu lc ta phi s dng gom nhiu string cho ra mt string m ni
dng khng thay i. gi s bn mun kt hp 4 string thnh mt string truyn d liu ra cng
com th bn c th dng concatenate stings nhm chng li thnh mt string truyn ra.
s dng hm nhm string, t block diagram bn chn
function/programming/string/concatenate stings

Trang 25

Hnh 2. 32 Nhm d liu
Ngoi string bn c th nhm d liu vi arrys. hoc clusters
ARRAYS
Mt array (mng) l tp hp nhng thnh phn c cng kiu d liu. Mt array c th c
mt hoc nhiu chiu v mi chiu c th cha ti a 2
31
phn t. Array trong LabVIEW c th
thuc bt c lai d liu no ngoi tr bn khng th to mt array ca cc array, chart v graph.
Ta c th truy nhp bt c phn t no ca mt array nu bit ch s ca phn t . Ch s phn
t c nh s t 0 ti N-1, trong N l s phn t ca array. Nn nh l phn t u tin
c nh s 0, phn t th 2 c nh s 1, v c nh th tip tc nh th

Hnh 2. 34 Arrays
+ To array iu khin v array ch th
Ta kh d dng to mt array iu khin v ch th bng cch to mt v array (array shell)
cha mt i tng d liu (c th l dng Boolean, string, numeric hay cluster).
Bc 1: to mt v array th ta vo Controls pallete \ programming\Arrays, Matrix & Clusters \
Array.

Bc 2: Vo Controls pallete ri chn cc kiu d liu mun to array, sau vo trong v array.


Trang 26
2D Array
i vi mt 2D array th cn hai ch s phn t c th truy xut phn t trong array mt
ch s theo ct v mt ch s theo hng. Mun thm n chiu vo array th click phi ln array chn
Add Dimension

Hnh 2. 34 2D Arrays
+ To mt Array hng s
Ta c th to mt Array hng s trong Blog Diagram bng cch to mt v Array cha i
tng d liu ging nh lm trong Font Panel.
Bc 1 : to v Array th ta vo Function Pallete \ programming/Array \ Array Constant

Bc 2 : T Function Pallete ta ko mt i tng d liu vo trong v Array, c th l dng
Numberic, Boolen, String.

Hnh 2. 35 To array
To Array bng vng lp
Vng lp For v While c th lp array v thm cc phn t vo array . Chc nng ny c gi l
Auto-indexing. Mi vng lp s to thmmt phn t k tip trong array. Ta nhn thy l dy ni

Trang 27
gia hnh vung mu cam cnh vng lp vi array s dy hn bnh thng, c thmxemv d
hnh bn di.

Hnh 2. 36 To array bng For loop
Nu bn ch cn gi tr cui cng ca array khi vng lp kt thc m khng cn to array, th
bn tt chc nng Auto-Indexing, bng cch click phi ln hnh vung mu cam v chn Disable
Indexing, khi dy dn ni vi array s tr li kch thc bnh thng.
V d bn di cho kt qu cui cng ca hm RandomNumber (0-1) sau khi kt thc vng lp.

Hnh 2. 37 To s ngu nhin
Ch : LabVIEW ch Auto-Indexing cho vng lp For, cn i vi vng lp While th mc
nh l Disable Indexing.
+ To Array 2D bng vng lp
Ta s dng 2 vng lp For, ci ny bn trong ci kia to array 2D. Vng For bn ngoi to
cc phn t dng, vng For bn trong to cc phn t thuc ct. V d hnh bn di l to mt array
2D vi cc phn t l cc s ngu nhin t 0-1.

Trang 28

Hnh 2. 38 To mng 2D
+ S dng Auto-Indexing ch nh s ln lp ca vng lp For
Khi bn bt chc nng Auto-Indexing ca mt array i vo vng For, th LabVIEW s t
ng ch nh s vng lp tng ng vi kch thc array, cho d ta cho hng s lp vo. Nu c hn
mt array i vo vng For th s ln lp c ly t kch thc ca array nh hn. Trong v d hnh
bn di th s ln lp ca vng For l 10 ch khng phi 100.

Hnh 2. 39 Mng iu khin
+ Cc hm thao tc vi Array
LabVIEW c nhiu hm thao tc trn Array, c tm thy Function pallete \ Array.
Vi hm thng dng s c tho lun y.


Trang 29

Hnh 2. 40 Function pallete \ Array
Array size: Hm ny s cho bit s phn t ca array. Nu array c N chiu th
Array size s tr v mt dy gm N phn t, trong mi phn t s l s phn t
ca mi chiu ca array

Hnh 2. 41 Xc nh kch thc mng
Initialize Array: hm ny s to mt array c kch thc ca chiu cha gi tr
phn t. Bn c th chnh kch thc di ngn ca Initialize Array tng nu bn
mun c nhiu chiu. V d bn di l to ra mt array 1D c ba phn t vi gi
tr bng 4.


Trang 30

Hnh 2. 42 To mng
Nu array i vo hm Index Array l array c N chiu th biu tng hmIndex Array s t
ng thay i nh hnh di khi ta ni dy. Lc ny hm s trch xut mt hng hay mt ct ca
array, ty thuc vo ta t ch s Index ni hng hay ct, nh hnh bn di ta t ch s Index
row.

Hnh 2. 43 Mng truy xut hng ct
S a hnh thi (POLYMORPHISM)
Nhng hm ton t trong LabVIEW c nhiu hnh thi, ngha l u vo cc hm ny c cu
trc d liu khc nhau scalar (v hng) v array (mng). V d nh bn c th cng mt s v
hng vo mt mng hoc cng hai mng vi nhau, nh bng bn di


Trang 31
Hnh 2. 44 Cc hnh thc cng mng
Thm v d bn di, sau mi vng lp th gi tr i ra vng lp s c nhn vi h s t l (Scaling
Factor), sau xut vo array.

Hnh 2. 45 To mng bng For loop
B d liu vi clusters: Khi ta mun mt th m hin th 2 hoc nhiu thng s d liu khc
nhau th ta phi s dng hm b d liu. n c tc dng ly d liu t 2 hoc nhiu u vo v
kt hp li mt u ra nh mng th c th hiu v hin th 2 hoc nhiu thng s khc
nhau

Hnh2. 46 B d liu
s dng chc nng b d liu trn. T Function/programming/ clusters/ bundle
Cc loi biu
Charts (biu ) v graphs ( th) trong LabVIEW cho php hin th d liu dng ha.
Charts khng nhng v biu m cn cp nht d liu mi vo th. Graphs th v th ca cc
dy gi tr c khi to trc theo cch truyn thng m khng gi li d liu c khi to trc
y. Trong phn ny bn s c gii thiu cch s dng Charts v Graph, nhng tnh nng c bit
ca chng, v 3D graph, waveform wave. Cui cng l bn s lmquen vi kiu d liu dng sng
(waveformdata), mt cng c trnh din d liu theo thi gian (time-based data).
+ CHARTS
. Waveform charts
Mt biu n gin ch l v cc gi tr trc Y so vi gi tr trc X. Thng thng th trc
Y l trc d liu, cn trc X l trc thi gian. Waveformchart (c tm thy trong Modern \ Graph

Trang 32
ca Controls pallete) l mt b ch th s c bit, c th hin th nhiu dng mt hay nhiu d liu
cng mt lc. Thng thgn waveform chart c t trong vng lp. Trong mt chart, gi tr trc Y
i din cho d liu d liu mi, gi tr trc X i din cho thi gian (thng thng, gi tr Y c
khi to trong mt vng lp, v vy gi tr X l thi gian ca mt vng lp). Ta c th thit lp cc
thng s cho biu nh cc trc x, y, cc ng nt hin th, cc ng ging ca biu vv.
Bng cch nhp phi chut chn t menu hoc vo property ci t cc thng s cn thit.

Hnh 2. 47 Waveform charts
Waveform chart (biu dng sng) c 3 ch hin th: Strip chart, scope chart, sweep
chart. C th thay i cc ch hin th trong khi bng cch click phi ln chart ri vo Advanced \
Update Mode.
. Single-Plot Charts
V d s dng chart v th ca hmrandom


Trang 33

Hnh 2. 48 Single-Plot Charts
. Multiple-Plot Chart
Waveform chart c th hin th c nhiu ng d liu. Tuy nhin, chng khng th ni
nhiu dy t nhiu ngun vo 1 chart c, v vy ta phi s dng function Bundle (Programming \
Cluster & Variant) b cc dy li ri ch truyn 1 dy ti chart. Bundle c th c kp di ra
tng ng vi s ngun kt ni vo.

Hnh 2. 49 Multiple-Plot Chart
. Multiple Y Scales

Trang 34
Nu bn c mt Multiple-Plot Chart, th i khi bn mun th hin nhng gi tr nhng
ct gi tr khc nhau, nhng dng d liu c gi tr chnh lch kh xa th nn th hin 2 ct gi tr
c t l khc nhau. to thmmt trc Y th ta click phi ln trc Y ca chart v chn Duplicate
Scale, sau di chuyn n qua bn kia th click phi ln trc va mi to chn Swap Sides.
xa trc th click phi chn Delete Scale.

Hnh 2. 50 Multiple Y Scalse
+ GRAPHS
Khng ging nh Chart, graph v th ca dy d liu c khi to trc v khng c kh
nng thm nhng gi tr mi vo d liu c khi to trc . LabVIEW cung cp vi kiu graph
linh ng nh: waveform graphs, XY graphs, intensity graphs, 3D graphs, digital waveform graphs,
v vi graph khc (Smith plots, Polar charts, Min-Max, and distribution plots). Chng ta s tm hiu
v waveform graphs, XY graphs, v sau l intensity graphs, 3D graphs. Waveform v XY graphs
nhn ging nhau mn hnh fron panel nhng thc ra chng c chc nng khc nhau.

Hnh 2. 51 Single-Plot Waveform Graphs

Trang 35
i vi Single-Plot Wave form graph, th ta c th n gin kt ni mt dy gi tr Y ti
terminal Waveformgraph (hnh bn di). Phng php ny gi thit l gi tr ban u ca X l 0, v
gi tr X = 1.

Hnh 2. 52 Single-Plot Waveform Graphs
+ Multiple-Plot Waveform Graphs
Bn c th biu din nhiu ng trn cng mt graph bng cch to mt array ca cc kiu
d liu. Nh v d hnh bn di th ta s xy dng mt array 2D bng cch s dng Bundle Array,
theo mc nh th LabVIEW s v 2 ng cho 2 dng ca array 2D. Nu d liu ca bn c xp
theo ct th bn phi chuyn v thnh hng ht, c th dng terminal Transpose 2D Array trong
Function pallete.

Hnh 2. 53 Multiple-Plot Waveform Graphs
+ Graphs :
XY graphs (trong Controls pallete \ Modern \ Graph) biu din cho cc kiu d liu khc
nhau. Nu bn mun v mt hm hay mun kho st cc d liu khang thi gian khng u. V
d nh ta v hnh bn di.

Trang 36

Hnh 2. 54 S khi sau khi xy dng xong

Hnh 2. 55 XY Graphs
: Hai terminal Sine v Cosine c tm thy trong Function pallete \ Express \ Arith &
Comparison \ Math \ Trinogometric.
+ FILE INPUT/OUTPUT
File I/O lu tr v nhn thng tin t file hoc da. LabVIEW c nhiu hm thao tc, t trong
Function pallette \ File I/O

Trang 37

Hnh 2. 56 Function pallette \ File I/O
+ Cc hm c bn ca file input v output
Open / Create / Replace File : M mt file, to file mi, hoc thay th mt file hin c mt cch
tng tc thng qua vic s dng hp dialog

Hnh 2. 57 Open / Create / Replace File
Write to Text File: Ghi mt chui cc k t hoc mt array chui thnh nhng hng vo trong mt
file. Nu mt ng dn c ni vi input file (use dialog) th hm s m hoc to file trc khi
ghi hoc thay th nhng ni dung trong . Nu mt file refnum ni vi file (use dialog) th hm s
vit vo file hin ti

Hnh 2. 58 Write to Text File
Read from Text File: c cc chui k t ca mt file c th


Trang 38
Hnh 2. 59 Read from Text Fill
Close File: ng mt file m c ch nh bi refnum.

Hnh 2. 60 Close File
Write to Spreadsheet File. vi: Chuyn cc array 1D, 2D kiu s thnh kiu string dng text, sau
ghi cc chui ny vo mt file mi. Ngoi ra, bn c th chuyn v d liu hng thnh ct, ct thnh
hng. Ch khi ghi file ta nn vit thm ui nh dng. cvs hoc. xls ngay sau tn file Excel c
th c c.

Hnh 2. 61 Write to Spreadsheet File. vi
Read From Spreadsheet File. vi: c mt s lng dng hoc ct c th t mt file text kiu
numeric, bt u ti mt v tr offset c th no , v chuyn d liu thnh 2D Array. Bn c th la
chn chuyn v Array

Hnh 2. 62 Read From Spreadsheet File. vi
+ Cc hm truyn thng ni tip trong LabVIEW : :
. VISA Configure Serial Port VI : dng ci t cc thng s khi truyn thng ni tip


Trang 39
Hnh 2. 63 visa configure SeriPort
- VISA resource name : Chn thng s cng Com.
- Baud rate : Chn tc baud. Mc nh l 9600.
- Data bits : S bit d liu vo. Mc nh l 8 bit
- Parity : Bit chn l - dng khi c truyn - nhn. Mc nh l 0
- Error in : Thng bo li trc khi chc nng ny hot ng. Mc nh l No Error.
- Flow control : iu khin lu lng truyn d liu. Mc nh l 0
- VISA resource name out : L ton b gi tr ca VISA resource name
- Error out : Nu li ng vo cha thng tin li trc khi VI chy th li ng ra s mang
thng tin li .
VISA Write Function
VISA Write Function : Ghi d liu t Write Buffer ti thit b hay giao din c ch bi
VISA resource name

Hnh 2. 64 visa write
- Write buffer : Cha d liu s c ghi ti thit b.
- VISA resource name out : L ton b gi tr ca VISA resource name
- Return count : Cha nhng byte thc s c ghi ra
thng tin li .
VISA Read Function:
VISA Read Function : c d liu t Write Buffer ti thit b hay giao din c ch bi
VISA resource name v ghi d liu ra read buffer.

Hnh 2. 65 Visa read
- Byte count : S byte c vo.
- VISA resource name out : L ton b gi tr ca VISA resource name.
- Read buffer : Cha d liu c t thit b.
thng tin li .
VISA Close :

Trang 40
VISA Close : ng mt b phn thit b hoc mt i tng s kin c ch r bi
VISA resource name

Hnh 2. 66 Visa close
- Error out : Nu li ng vo cha thng tin li trc khi VI chy th li ng ra s mang li

+ Property Node:

Hnh 2. 67 Property Node
- Reference : Gi tr tham chiu.
- Property 2 : L nhng v d nhng thuc tnh m bn mun ghi.
- Reference out : Tr li gi tr tham chiu khng thay i.
- Property 1 : L nhng v d nhng thuc tnh m bn mun c.
li thng tin .
Time for loop
Thng thng LabVIEW thc hin vng lp rt nhanh. i khi chng ta mun xem d liu
ti thi im no , th cho vng lp chm li th ta thmvo 1 terminal Wait Until Next ms
Multiple (Programming / Timing) , ri to thm1 Numberic Constant kt ni vi n, nh 500
(milisecond) vo. Nh vy, sau mi na giy l vng lp c lp li. Xemv d hnh bn di.

Hnh 2. 68 Time for loop
2. 2. 4 Mt s phm tt:

Trang 41
1. CTRL+H: Hin th context help
2. CTRL+E: M font panel hay block diagram
3. CTRL+F: Tm cc d n
4. CTRL+L: Hin th bng thng tin li
5. CTRL+N: To VI mi
6. CTRL+O: M mt VI c sn
7. CTRL+W: ng mt VI ang m
8. CTRL+Q: Thot labview
9. CTRL+? Hoc F1: Hin th labview help
10. CTRL+Z: Xa b hnh ng va lm xong.
11. CTRL+Z+SHIFT: Lm li hnh ng va lm
12. CTRL+C: Coppy d n chn
13. CTRL+V: Dn d n coppy hoc ct trc
14. CTRL+R: Chy VI.
15. CTRL+. Dng VI
16. SHIFT+clik phi: Hin th tools
17. ESC: Xa b lnh thc thi hin ti
18. CTRL+B: Xa b nhng dy b li (gy)
2. 2. 5 Cc v d minh ha xy dng mt VI c th trn LabVIEW:
- V d n gin m sn phm khi m s lng t th led sng
Bc 1 : start/all program/national instruments labview 8. 6

Trang 42

Hnh 2. 69 Getting started
Bc 2: T ca s Getting started chn file/ new VI ta c ca s lm vic ca Font panel v
Bslock diagram nh hnh di

Hnh 2. 70 Font Panel v Block Diagram ca mt VI
* Xy dng Front Panel :
Bc 1. Dng chc nng controls ly v t cc cng c ln Font panel
- Controls/classic/classic number/tank
- Controls/modern/Boolean/square led
- Front panel ca VI s ging nh minh ho di y.


Trang 43
Hnh 2. 71 Font panel sau khi xy dng xong
* Xy dng Block Diagram.
- M Block diagram bng cch t font panel chn Windows / Show Diagram
- t cc i tng c chn di y t Functions palette ln ca s Block Diagram.
increment: Function/programming/numeric/increment
geater or equal: Function/programming/comparsion/geter or equal
Numeric Constant (Functions \programming\ Numeric\constan) l hng s. Dng chut
ch Labeling Tool t gi tr ca n. Trong v d ny ta cn hai hng s.
Ta chn vng lp for m phng v tng s sn phm
Ta vo Functions/programming/structures/ for loop
- Click phi chut vo N chn create/constan v nhp vo s vng lp mun vng lp thc
hin v d ny chn 10.
Cc vng lp thc hin rt nhanh nn nhn thy kt qu ta thm hm delay vo v thm hm hng
s nh khong thi gian delay.
Dng chut ch Wring Tool ni tt c cc hmli vi nhau. sau khi ni xong nh hnh di

Hnh 2. 72 Block diagram sau khi xy dng xong
- Chn File \ Save v lu gi VI vi tn m sn phm
- T Font panel chy VI bng cch nhn vo nt Run trn thanh cng c hoc n Ctrl+R.

Trang 44
- ng VI bng cch chn File \ Close.
* Xy dng Icon ca VI.
- T Front panel ca m sn phm vi, bm chut phi vo Icon panel gc trn bn phi v
chn Edit Icon vo Icon Editor, hoc c th bm p chut tri vo Icon panel lm
xut hin Icon Editor.
- Xo Icon mc nh ca VI. Dng cc cng c bn tri ca Icon Editor v Icon mi cho
VI ging nh hnh.

Hnh 2. 73 To Icon
- Sau khi xy dng xong Icon mi cho VI, bm nt OK ng Icon Editor, Icon mi s xut
hin thay th cho Icon mc nh.
* G ri v sa chng trnh xy dng trn LabVIEW:
Khi xy dng chng tnh trn LabVIEW, ta c th tin hnh cc thao tc sa cha, thay i mt
cch d dng bng cch thay i, dch chuyn, loi b cc i tng mt cch d dng trn Front
Panel v Block Diagram
- G ri chng trnh:
Mt chng trnh khng th chy c cng nh khng th bin dch c khi chng trnh
cn li. Khi chng trnh c li, nt Run s xut hin nt gy khi VI ang c son tho v VI
vn cn li. LabVIEW cung cp mt s cng c theo d li pht sinh trong qu trnh lp trnh.
Nu sau khi son tho xong m chng trnh vn khng chy c th m hp Error List (Window\
Show Error List) tm li v xc nh v tr ca li. Nu nh khi chng trnh chy c nhng
kt qu khng nh mun, ta c th s dng cng c theo di qu trnh thc hin chng trnh, kt
qu sau mi bc s c hin th t ta c th xc nh c thut ton ca ta c ng hay khng.

Trang 45
chn chc nng ny sau khi cho chng tnh chy, ta bm vo nt trn thanh cng c ca
Block Diagram. Chc nng c minh ha trong hnh

Hnh 2. 74 Kim tra dng d liu (kim tra gii thut ca chng trnh)
V d: V th y = ax + b. Vi a, b l s bt k ta chn
Ta xy dng Font panel nh sau:
- Ly mt th v v 2 iu khin s:

Hnh 2. 75 Font panel sau khi chay chng trnh

Trang 46
V d: V th y = ax
2
+ b.

Hnh 2. 76 Block diagram. Font panel sau khi chy chng trnh
V d : V th phng trnh y = f(x)
3
+ f(x), vi f(x) = tanh(x) + cos(x).
- Trong Front panel ta to mt Waveform Graph.
- Sau , xy dng block diagram nh hnh bn di. Lu l ta vn phi to Output cho bin
trung gian a. (ta phi nhp phi vo ng bin v add ouput v t l a)

Hnh 2. 77 Block diagram
- Nhn Run, v trn th s xut hin nh sau:

Trang 47

Hnh 2. 78 Khi chy chng trnh
V d : xut hp thoi thng bo chn mc
Xy dng font panel nh hnh di:
- Bn ly mt radio buttons: Controls / modern /Boolean/radio buttons
- Ly cng c system radio button v t vo trong radio button v d ny s dng 3 system
radio button : Control/classic/ classic Boolean/system radio
- Ly 3 string nhp ni dung cn thng bo: Control/modern/string& path/string control

Xy dng block diagram:
- Ly mt cu trc case: Function/ programming/structures/ case structure
- Ly mt cu trc event: Function/ programming/structures/event structure
- Ly mt cu trc while loop: Function/ programming/structures/while loop

Trang 48
- Ly one button dialog: function/programming/dialog user interface/one button dialog. T cu
trc event ta click phi chut vo phn selecte label pha trn ca cu trc chn add event
case t s kin. ta chn 2 s kin tc ng ca radio button v nt stop, v chn s kin
l value change. s kin radio button ta chn cu trc case thc hin, s kin stop ta
ni nt nhn stop vo iu kin ca vng lp while dng chng trnh.
T cu trc case ta cng click phi chut nh click event structure v chn add case after sau
nhp ni dung l tn ca system radio.
C 3 system radio nn ta phi chn 3 iu kin case lm vic. v mt iu kin tng ng phi
t mt string vo trong case vi ni dung cn hin th v ni dy ra t case vo one button dialog.
V dng cng c ni dy ni dy ca cc hm li. Sau khi hon tt block diagram nh hnh sau:

Hnh 2. 80 Block sau khi xy dng xong

Hnh 2. 81 Font panel khi chy chng trnh
Khi hon tt, chy chng trnh v dng chut chn vo bt k no th hp thoi s xut
hin vi ni dung nh sn nh hnh trn.

Trang 49
V d: thay i mu ca font panel:
1. Xy dng Font panel:
- Dng mt classic radio buttons: Control/classic/classic Boolean/classic radio
buttons
- System radio button: Control/classic/classic Boolean/classic radio button. t
system radio button vo trong classic radio buttons v t tn cho mi system
radio button. Sau khi xy dng xong font panel nh sau:

2. Xy dng block diagram:
- Case structure: Functions/programming/structure/case structure
- While loop: Functions/programming/structure/while loop.
- Index array: Functions/programming/array/ index array.
- Color box constant: Functions/programming/dialog & user interface/color box
constant
- Unbundle by name: Functions/programming/cluster, class &varian/ unbendle by
name.
- Or: : Functions/ Express/Boolean/ or.
- Property node: : Functions/programming/application/property node. S dng 3
hm property node. Mi property chng ta chn mi class v property khc nhau.
Property node th nht chn lass l VI v property l font panel. Property node th 2
chn lass l panel v property l panes[]. Property node th 3 chn lass l pane v
property l color.
Trong case structure ta click phi vo selecte label v chn add case after v nhp mu
cn hin th mi iu kin c 3 hm property nh ni trn v mt color box vi

Trang 50
mt mu ring. Dng cng c ni dy ni cc hm. sau khi xy dng xong block nh
hnh sau:

Hnh 2. 83 Block sau khi xy dng xong

Hnh 2. 84 Font panel sau khi chy chng trnh
Sau khi hon thnh ta nhn nt chy trn thanh cng c v chn yellow ta s thy font panel thay
i tng ng vi mu chn.
V d xut hp thoi v hin th ni dung nhn c
Xy dng Font panel:

Trang 51
Ly string control v string indicator: Controls/ classic/ classic string & path, t ln Font panel.
Ly mt nt ok. Mt led v nt stop: Controls/express/Boolean & swiches sau khi xy dng
xong Font panel nh hnh sau:

Hnh 2. 85 Font panel sau khi xy dng
Xy dng Block diagram:
Ta s dng mt hm case v hm while loop. Ly 2 hm ny xin xem li v d trc. trong
chng trnh ny ta s dng mt chng trnh con (sub VI). V d ny s dng sub VI c sn
trong labview. Function/ selecte a VI/ a c/ program/instruments/labview 8. 6/
examples/general/viopts/dialogbox.vi. Dng cng c ni dy ni cc hm li vi nhau. Sau khi
hon thnh nh hnh sau:

Hnh 2. 86 Block diagam sau khi xy dng xong

Trang 52

Hnh 2. 87 khi chy chng trnh
Khi nhn nt chy ta nhp ni dng trong string2 v bm nt ok v nhp ni dng p ng vo
hp thoai v nhn nt ok ca hp thoi ghi ni dung vo trong string3.
Trong labview c rt nhiu v d s dng cc hm. chng ta c th m v tham kho v lm
theo. Khi mun m nhng v d ny ta vo help/ Find examples. Sau vo seach v g t kha
mun tm tm v m v d. chng ta mun bit chc nng ca hm no chng ta vo help /
show context help v di chuyn con tr chut trn hm c thng tin. c bit labview c
mt s ti liu hng dn s dng labview v cc chc nng khc. Ti liu ny nm trong
labview manuals. vo laview manuals ta vo star/ all program/ national instruments/ labview
8. 6/ labview manuals

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