TM đồ án tốt nghiệp

LI NI U:
tai an tt nghip ca em la thc hin thit k va thi cng cng trinh Chung cu
10 tng A1-Khu thi Hung Dung TP. Vinh - Ngh An".
Em xin chn thanh cam on cac thy c c bit la cac thy c giao huong dn em
thc hin an tt nghip K Su Xy Dng:
- Thy giao huong dn phn kin truc: Th.S Nguyn Xun Thanh - B mn kin
truc.
- C giao huong dn phn kt cu: Th.S Duong Vit Ha - B mn kt cu
- C giao huong dn phn thi cng: Th.S Nguyn Thi Thuy Hin B mn kin
truc
Ni dung an ca em gm co:
- Thuyt minh tinh toan kt cu va lp cac bin phap thi cng
- 15 ban v (gm ban v: Kin Truc, Kt Cu, Thi cng)
Voi nng lc ban thn thc s con co han vi vy trong thc t ap ung
hiu qua thit thc cao ca cng trinh chc chn s con nhiu thiu sot. Ban thn em lun
mong mun uoc hoc hoi nhung vn con chua bit trong vic tham gia xy dng 1
cng trinh. Em kinh mong uoc s giup chi bao ca cac thy c an ca em thc
s hoan thin hon.
Em xin chn thanh cam on!
Sinh vin : Trinh Ngoc Sang, lop:k45kxc03
Khoa Xy Dng Va Mi Truong
1
TRNH NGC SNG LP: K45KXC03
PHN I: KIN TRC (10%)
NHIM V THIT K:
TM HIU GII PHP KIN TRC
!N V" K#M TH$%:
1 !N V" M&T 'NG C(NG TRNH
1 !N V" M&T !)NG C(NG TRNH
1 !N V" M&T C*T C(NG TRNH
1 !N V" M&T !)NG T+NG TH C(NG TRNH
GI% VI,N H-.NG /0N : TH12 NGU34N 5U6N TH7NH
2INH VI,N TH8C HIN : TR9NH NG:C 2NG
L.P : K;<K5C0=
2
I1 GI.I THIU V> C(NG TRNH
11 T?@ AB@C DEF@G
Chung cu 10 tng A1- Khu thi Hung Dung - TP Vinh - Ngh An
2. Ch u tu
Cng ty CP TECCO Min Trung
ia chi: C1 Quang Trung-TP Vinh-Ngh An
3. Chuc nng, nhim vu ca cng trinh
- Phuc vu nhu cu n o, sinh hoat ca nguoi dn
- Giai quyt nhu cu nha o ca mt ai a s gia inh co thu nhp cao.
- Phuc vu nhu cu di dn, giai quyt dn s cau thanh ph
- Quy hoach dn cu mt cach hop ly
;1 HIJ KBL AB@C MINDL ANO PQ AB@C DEF@G
Quy m
- Tng s tng: 11
- Chiu cao tng trt : 3 m;
- Chiu cao tng 2-10 : 3.2m;
- Chiu cao tng k thut : 3.5m
- Tng chiu cao cng trinh: 35.3 m
- Tng din tich san xy dng: 10.345m
2

Cng sut
- Tng s cn h: 72
- Cng trinh voi 72 cn h s ap ung cho hon 360 nguoi.
Cp cng trinh
- Cng trinh xy dng at tiu chun cp II (Theo TCVN 2748:1978)
<1 !RA AGSI TUV AWV AB@C DEF@G
- Bc chiu lua: Bc 2 (Theo TCVN 2622:1978)
X1 SV PYZK [\J ]^@C
Phuong Hung Dung-TP Vinh-Tinh Ngh An
- Phia ng : Giap uong quy hoach.
- Phia Ty : Giap ai l L nin
- Phia Bc : Giap uong giao thng ni b.
- Phia Nam : Giap uong quy hoach.
_1 CÀ PYaI bYc@ d@G Gef@C Pg@ hYcA AI@C i@C hRD De
3
Vi tri xy dng sat voi h thng giao thng chinh ca thanh ph, tao thun loi cho
cng tac cung cp vt liu.
Phuong Hung Dung co iu kin thun loi v giao thng, co ca uong thuy, uong b
va cach trung tm TP Vinh khoang 5km v phia ty nam. Hin nay thanh ph ang trong
giai oan trin khai nhiu cng trinh xy dng do o cac ngun cung cp vt liu kha
phong phu va tuong i gn cng trinh rt thun loi cho thi cng.
II1 GII PHP THIT K KIN TRC C(NG TRNH
11 GYdY OGÒ ha jk DEl KmD jn@C AB@C DEF@G
Cn cu theo cac ni dung v chuc nng su dung va c im khu t, giai phap thit k
kin truc cho cng trinh chinh nhu sau:
- T chuc mt bng theo truc chinh (truc ng Ty) thit k theo hinh chu nht tao
huong on cho cng trinh vao huong tt nht la huong ng Nam. Voi mt bng tach r
cac dy cn h va i xung nhau qua mi snh tng tao thng thoang cho mi cn h.
Khu vc giao thng ung b tri 02 thang may thit k i xung nhau qua truc khi nha va
o giua la hai cu thanh b uoc t o vi tri trung tm ca toa nha, thun tin cho giao
thng. Tu tng 1 n tng 10 thng qua sanh tng tip ni voi hanh lang giua thun tin
cho vic i lai, giao dich cung nhu moi hoat ng khac.
- Voi qui m 10 tng va tng tum mai, Toa nha co 1 khi thang thoat him t gn
hanh lang, am bao thoat nguoi khi xay ra s c.
Mt bng cng trinh uoc thit k voi h thng luoi ct 7m x 6,5m va 7,7m x 6,5m,
7m x 8m va 7,7m x 8m mach lac va tao s thng thoang tin dung khi su dung vach
ngn chia thanh cac phong co yu cu khac nhau.
Toan b cac cn h uoc b tri hop ly va khoa hoc o tt ca cac tng, phu hop voi cng
nng su dung va quy trinh hoat ng ca khu chung cu hin ai sang trong.
Tng 1: Nha xe co din tich 930m
2
Tng 2-10: Co tng 72 cn h voi tng din tich 7698m
2
, mi cn h bao gm:
- 1 phong khach co din tich 25 m
2
- 4 phong ng thuong, mi phong co din tich 20 m
2
- 1 Phong n va bp co din tich 12 m
2
- 1 ban cng (l gia) co din tich 3,7 m
2
- 2 phong v sinh, mi phong co din tich 3 m
2
Tng tum: bao gm cac phong k thut voi tng din tich la 148 m
2
o1 GYdY OGÒ ha ANI Dpq hr KmD AsD
4
thy r v cu tao cac chi tit bn trong cng trinh cng nhu bit uoc chiu cao
cac tng, giai phap mt ct su dung la hai mt ct co ban nht.
Mt ct ngang (A-A) cho thy:
- Chiu cao tng 1: 3m
- Chiu cao tng 2-10: 3,2m
- Chiu cao tum: 2,5m
- Kich thuoc cua: cao 2,1m; rng 0,75m
- Cao thang may: tu -1,5m n 32,8m
- Kich thuoc san, dm
- Cu tao trn
Mt ct doc (B-B) cho thy:
- Chiu cao tng 1: 3m
- Chiu cao tng 2-10: 3,2m
- Chiu cao tum: 2,5m
- Cu tao thang b
- Kich thuoc san, dm
- Cu tao trn
=1 GYdY OGÒ ha KmD Pi@C AB@C DEF@G
V giai phap thit k khng gian va xu ly chi tit mt ung. Chon giai phap kin truc
phu hop voi quy m cng trinh .Hinh thuc cng trinh c ong voi vic xu ly theo dang
mang khi nhung vn phong phu v khng gian va yu t cu tao b mt khi ap dung
nhung vt liu hin ai khi hoan thin (mang kinh lon, tm loc nng, son ph b mt,..).
Voi giai phap tao hinh khi huong nhin ra mt uong chinh la mt giai phap tt cho
kin truc cng trinh thi, li kin truc gian di, trong sang va m net hin ai, ph
truong kt cu va cac loai vt liu moi mang lai hiu qua kin truc cao trong goc nhin
khu t xy dng. ng thoi n nhp voi iu kin canh quan va quy hoach mang m
ca mt thi trn a phat trin.
Cac chi tit ni uoc b tri hai hoa kt hop voi cach su dung vt liu, phi mau hop ly
mang lai ve p t nhin, khng go bo cho trn toan b cng trinh.
Mt ung cng trinh tu tng 2 n tng 10 xu ly nhung khi ban cng, l gia tn
dung ngun anh sang tu bn ngoai nhm phuc vu cho vic phoi ac trong gia inh.
Toan b cac mang tuong phia Ty, phia ng la cac mang tuong xy c, cac cua s
ly gio va ly sang tao nn cam giac nhu uoc hoa quyn vao thin nhin.
5
III1 GII PHP V> Kt THUuT
11 GYdY OGÒ DGB@C CYv AGYgI M`@C
1.1 V gii php thng gi
H thng thng gio giua cac tng ca cng trinh uoc b tri ngay canh cu thang b
giup cho cac tng lun uoc thng gio kip thoi. Ngoai ra cng trinh uoc lp t cac h
thng thng gio khn cp nhm am bao khi co s c hoa loan, moi nguoi trong cng
trinh co th thoat d dang.
H thng thng gio khn cp khng khi tuoi loai ly tm lp trn mai, cp thng khng
khi sach cho khu vc cu thang tao ap sut duong trong cu thang nhm chn khng cho
khoi lua tran vao cu thang.
H thng cp khi tuoi b sung: Lp t mt quat thi o trn mai nha cp gio vao mt
uong ng chinh ua xung va co nhanh r vao cac tng va dn n cac phong va cp
gio vao bng mt ming thi gio o trn trn thi xung cac phong.
H thng thai khi nong o khu v sinh va hang lang cac tng: o mi khu v sinh s co
mt h thng uong ng hut, khng khi o hanh lang s tran vao khu v sinh va uoc hut
vao uong ng tu duoi tng 1 n mai nha. u ng trn mai co lp mt quat hut khi
trong uong ng va thai ra trn mai.
Khi nong trong cac phong lam s ro ra hanh lang va tran vao khu v sinh nn trong cac
phong iu hoa s uoc thng thoang.
1.2. V gii php chiu sng
Cng trinh uoc thit k voi cac ban cng, lgia, cua s va nhunh vach kinh lon xung
quanh ly anh sang t nhin. Ngoai ra giai phap quan trong cho vic chiu sang cho
cng trinh la thit k h thng anh sang nhn tao.
Bn trong va ngoai cng trinh uoc b tri h thng in chiu sang. Tai khu vc hanh
lang b tri cac bong n ap trn hinh tron co hinh dang hin ai sang trong. Trong phong
khach su dung bong n neon kt hop n trang tri tao them m cao cho phong khach;
phong ng b tri anh sang hoc kt hop trang tri anh sang theo phong thy; phong v
sinh b tri mt bang n compact va b tri anh sang tai ban cng va l gia.
Ngoai sn truoc nha b tri h thng bong n cao ap chiu sang toan sn khi v m.
Cng tac thit k h thng chiu sang phai tun th theo chun thit k: TCXDVN 333
: 2005.
o1 GYdY OGÒ jk DEl CYVq DGB@C AB@C DEF@G
Trn mt bng giua cac cn h uoc b tri i xung nhau va cac cua cn h u uoc
b tri xung quanh snh chinh tao iu kin thun loi cho vic i lai giua cac cn h.
6
Trong cac cn h mi phong ring r uoc b tri hop ly tao nn mt hanh lang rng ri
khi lun chuyn bn trong.
Khu vc giao thng ung b tri 02 thang may thit k i xung nhau qua truc khi nha
va o giua la hai cu thanh b uoc t o vi tri trung tm ca toa nha, thun tin cho giao
thng. Tu tng 2 n tng 10 thng qua sanh tng tip ni voi hanh lang giua thun tin
cho vic i lai, giao dich cung nhu moi hoat ng khac.
Cng trinh nm trn truc uong chinh ca thanh ph nn vic i lai tu cng trinh ra
ngoai va o ngoai vao rt thun tin. Tng 1 ca cng trinh mt bi xe lon, moi hoat
ng giao thng i lai giua cng trinh voi bn ngoai u phai qua noi nay.
=1 GYdY OGÒ AI@C ANO PYc@ @ewAL DGB@C DY@ TY?@ TpA
3.1 Cung cp in
Ngun in trc tip ly tu tram bin ap 100- 250KVA ca (Xy mi trn !hu t)
Mang in dung cho cng trinh uoc chia lam 2 h thng chinh: dung cho sinh hoat
(chiu sang, thit bi vn phong...) va cho h thng HKK.
in cho cng trinh ch yu phuc vu cho chiu sang, cac thit bi nhu (vi tinh, quat,
in thoai...) va c bit la h thng iu hoa khng khi dung cho cac phong.
Dy dn trong nha uoc t trong ng nha chn trong tuong, trn va hp k thut.
T in va cap chinh ngoai nha: T in tng toan khu t tai tram bin th. May phat
in d phong cung cp 2 ngun in co d phong va khng co d phong cho cng trinh.
3.2 Cp th"t n#c
H thng cp thoat nuoc uoc thit k theo tiu chun: TCXDVN 33-2006
$ Cp n#c
Nuoc cp cho cng trinh ly tu uong ng cp nuoc chay doc theo uong V.L.LE
NIN. Nuoc dung cho sinh hoat uoc tp trung vao b ngm, sau o dung bom ap lc
bom thng vao cac h thng uong ng cp nuoc trong nha hoc co th bom ln b chua
trn mai ri xu trc tip va h thng ng cp nuoc trong nha. Co th dung ging ong kt
hop voi bom phuc vu cho tuoi xy va cng tac PCCC.
- B chua trn mai su dung 3 binh INOX loai 300lit
- B nuoc ngm xy dng 4 b chua dung tich mi b la 40m3
$ %h"t n#c
Nuoc sinh hoat sau khi xu ly lng loc qua b t hoai nuoc trong uoc dn ra h thng
cng ngm dn toi cng thoat nuoc ca thanh ph nm doc cac uong quy hoach quanh
cng trinh
7
Ngoai nuoc thoat sinh hoat uoc xu ly va ua ra cng thoat chung thanh ph. Trn
mt bng tng th cng trinh con co h thng cng thu nuoc mua b mt cng trinh va
uoc ua ra cng chung uong.
Thoat nuoc sinh hoat:
Nuoc sinh hoat ch yu o cac thit bi v sinh trong cac khu v sinh tng. Nuoc thoat
uoc ua vao ng thoat truc ung dn xung hm t hoai, khng phai b tri thit bi van
giam ap, do nuoc thoat lun bi trit tiu ap lc khi bam theo thanh ng, vi vy vic chon
tit din ng hop ly la am bao an toan cho vic thoat nuoc.
Thoat nuoc mua trn mai: Do luong nuoc mua tp trung nn phai tinh toan uong
ng thoat hop ly, phn b u, tranh nuoc dn dp trung gy tran ng tao ap lc bt loi
cho thanh ng va nn cng thu nuoc.
H thng thoat nuoc mua: Dung cng xy gach c, y an thoat nuoc bng thep ri
thoat h thng thoat nuoc chung ca khu vc. H thng nuoc thai khu v sinh tp trung
vao cac b t hoai va thoat ra h thng chung sau khi xu ly cuc b.
3.3 %hng tin &in &'c
H thng uong in thoai, truyn hinh cap, internet bng thng rng uoc thit k
ng b trong cng trinh, am bao cac uong cap uoc dn n toan b cac phong voi
cht luong truyn dn cao.
;1 GYdY OGÒ OGx@C AG`J hr AGyV AG`JL DGq`D @CezY bGY Av M^ Ak1
Mi tng u b tri 2-3 hong nuoc chua chay uoc b tri gn 2 bung thang b am
bao khoang cach toi tt ca cac im khng qua 20m, chiu cao hp lng phun uoc b tri
cach san la 1,05m.
Mi tng u b tri 3 vi tri binh khi CO2 binh bt theo quy inh phong chay chua
chay theo TCVN 2622-95 phong chay chua chay cho nha va cng trinh.
Tt ca cac cn h u co cua i lin h trc tip voi hanh lang trung tm va cac bung
thang may, thang b.
Vt liu xy dng b tri trong cng trinh la nhung vt liu kho chay va chng chay.
Tt ca cac thit bi in va thit bi mang vi tinh u uoc chon theo tiu chun an toan,
cht luong va khng gy chay.
IV1 GII PHP KT C{U C|} KIN TRC
11 L^V AG~@ M jQ Gc DGk@C TewY AQD hr bGI@C AGSI TÂ AGl@G
Trn toan mt bng cng trinh xy dng bng 2 h thng luoi vung goc voi nhau, tai
mi im giao nhau uoc b tri ct. Theo chiu ngang, cng trinh uoc b tri 4 uong
8
truc, khoang cach giua hai truc 2 bin la 7m, hai truc giua la 7,7m. Theo chiu dai cng
trinh b tri 8 uong truc, khoang cach 2 uong truc 2 bin la 6,59m, 2 truc giua la 8m.
H thng khung chiu lc chinh ca cng trinh la h thng khung ngang, mi buoc
khung co kich thuoc 6,5m;6,59m va 8m.
o 2 P bgD ANI D@C DGZL hRD TYcI MU ]@C hr CYdY OGÒ Kv@C ]^ bYg@
2.1 (h)n mng
Cn cu vao chiu cao cng trinh nhn thy tai trong kha lon. Giai phap mong xut
phuong an mong ep coc b tng cp bn B25.
ai coc b tng B20, a 1 x 2 cm, b tng lot mong a 4 x 6 cm mac 100.
Trong qua trinh thi cng mong cn phai kt hop qua trinh xu ly chng mi theo ung
quy trinh.
2.2 (h)n thn
Cn cu vao giai phap kin truc, phuong an kt cu phn thn la chon la khung san b
tng toan khi B20, mai b tng ct thep chng thm bng phu gia Sika.
- Cng trinh uoc thit k voi h thng luoi ct 7x8m, 7,7x8 va 7,7x6,5m thich hop
voi cac cn h lon hin ai thun tin cho vic b tri phn chia phong bn trong mt cach
linh hoat.
- Dung b tng cp bn B20 a 1 x 2 cm.
- Ct thep AI, AII, AIII
- Tuong xy gach t mang tuong bn ngoai nha dung gach c mac 75, tuong bn
trong dung gach rng 4 l hoc 6 l.
- B nuoc trn mai dung b INOX va b nuoc ngm dung b xy gach day 330, ay b
tng ct thep B20 a 1 x 2cm.
- Trat tuong bn ngoai mac 75, tuong bn trong mac 50.
- Dung phu gia Sika chng thm cho cac khu v sinh.
9
PHN II: KT C{U (;<%)
NHIM V THIT K:
11 LuP M&T !)NG KT C{U C|} TNG IN HNH
o1 TNH T%N 27N TNG IN HNH
=1 TNH CU TH}NG !
;1 TNH T%N KHUNG TRC o
<1 TNH MNG TRC o
GI% VI,N H-.NG /0N : TH12: /-NG VIT H7
L.P : K;<K5C0=

10
CHNG I: PHNG N KT C, PHN TCH TI TNG
I1 PH-NG N KT C{U C|} C(NG TRNH1
11 L^V AG~@ M jQ Gc DGk@C TewY AQD hr bGI@C AGSI TÂ AGl@G1
Trn toan mt bng cng trinh xy dng bng 2 h thng luoi vung goc voi nhau, tai
mi im giao nhau uoc b tri ct. Theo chiu ngang, cng trinh uoc b tri 4 uong
truc, khoang cach giua hai truc 2 bin la 7m, hai truc giua la 7,7m. Theo chiu dai cng
trinh b tri 8 uong truc, khoang cach 2 uong truc 2 bin la 6,5m, 2 truc giua la 8m.
H thng khung chiu lc chinh ca cng trinh la h thng khung ngang, mi buoc
khung co kich thuoc 6,5m va 8m.
o1 2 P bgD ANI D@C DGZL hRD TYcI MU ]@C hr CYdY OGÒ Kv@C ]^ bYg@1
2.1. (h)n mng
Cn cu vao chiu cao cng trinh nhn thy tai trong kha lon. Giai phap mong xut
phuong an mong coc ep b tng cp bn B20.
ai coc b tng B25, a 1 x 2 cm, b tng lot mong a 4 x 6 cm mac 100.
Trong qua trinh thi cng mong cn phai kt hop qua trinh xu ly chng mi theo ung
quy trinh.
2.2. (h)n thn
Cn cu vao giai phap kin truc, phuong an kt cu phn thn la chon la khung san b
tng toan khi B20, mai b tng ct thep chng thm bng phu gia Sika.
- Cng trinh uoc thit k voi h thng luoi ct 7x8m, 7,7x8 va 7,7x6,5m thich hop
voi cac cn h lon hin ai thun tin cho vic b tri phn chia phong bn trong mt cach
linh hoat.
- Dung b tng cp o bn B20 a 1 x 2 cm.
- Ct thep AI, AII, AIII
- Tuong xy gach t mang tuong bn ngoai nha dung gach c mac 75, tuong bn
trong dung gach rng 4 l hoc 6 l.
- B nuoc trn mai dung b INOX va b nuoc ngm dung b xy gach day 330, ay b
tng ct thep B20 a 1 x 2cm.
- Trat tuong bn ngoai mac 75, tuong bn trong mac 50.
- Dung phu gia Sika chng thm cho cac khu v sinh.
=1 Hc bgD ANI AGSI TÂ1
11
La chon kt cu khung- li chiu lc theo so khung ging, su dung cac li thang
may cung tham gia chiu lc voi h khung.Thng qua lin kt truyn lc ca san o cao
mi tng, tai trong ngang ca cng trinh uoc truyn vao li va khung
II1 TI TR:NG TC /NG L,N C(NG TRNH1
Nguyn tc: - Theo cu tao kin truc
- Theo TCVN 2737-95
- Theo cataloge ca nha san xut...
11 T@G DdY
1.1. Xc *nh cc &"'i ti tr+ng tc ,-ng &n cc s.n /ti tr+ng 0n 1*23
$ %i tr+ng th#4ng 5uyn / t6nh ti 2
7 8.n ph9ng
TT Cac lop san
Trong
luong
ring
(Kgm3)
Chiu
day
(m)
Tai trong
tiu
chun
(Kgm2)
H
s
vuot
tai
Tai trong
tinh toan
(Kgm2)
1 Gach lat nn 1800 0.01 18 1.1 19,8
2 Vua lot 2000 0.02 40 1.3 52
3 B tng 2500 0.1 250 1.1 275
4 Vua trat 2000 0.015 30 1.3 39
T@C =<L
7 8.n 1 sinh
TT Cac lop san
Trong
luong
ring
(Kgm3)
Chiu
day
(m)
Tai trong
tiu
chun
(Kgm2)
H
s
vuot
tai
Tai trong
tinh toan
(Kgm2)
1 Gach chng tron 1800 0.01 20 1.1 22
2 Vua lot 2000 0.02 36 1.3 46,8
3 B tng 2500 0.1 250 1.1 275
4 Vua trat 2000 0.015 18 1.3 23,4
5 Thit bi v sinh 50 1.1 55
T@C ;==1
7 8.n mi
TT Cac lop san
Trong
luong
ring
(Kgm3)
Chiu
day
(m)
Tai trong
tiu
chun
(Kgm2)
H
s
vuot
tai
Tai trong
tinh toan
(Kgm2)
12
1 Gach la nem 1800 0.01 18 1.1 19,8
2 Vua lot 1800 0.015 27 1.3 35.1
3
Gach rng 6
l
1500 0.188 282 1.1 310.2
4 BTCT 2500 0.04 100 1.1 130
5
Vua chng
thm
2000 0.1 160 1.3 176
6 Ban san 2500 0.1 250 1.1 275
7 Vua trat 2000 0.015 27 1.3 35,1
T@C 1Lo
$ %:nh ti s n mi3
S n
mai
Lop vua XM tao dc 30 1800 54 1,3 70,2
San b tng ct thep 100 250 250 1,1 275
Vua trat 15 1800 27 1,2 32,4
Vua chng thm 1600 0.1 160 1.3 176
T@C <<=LX
11o1 T@G DdY Dez@C
Tinh tai do tuong 220, 110 xy trn dm uoc t phn b trn dm nha duoi
tuong con tuong 110 ngn cac phong uoc quy thanh tai trong phn b u trn san:
Tai trong tuong xy : ( chiu day vua trat la 15mm),
Tuong xy gach 110: 1,10,1118001,30,01522000 296(kgm
2
)
Tuong xy gach 220 1,10,221800 1,30,01522000 514(kgm
2
) Bang
gia tri tai trong tuong phn b u theo chiu dai o cac tng:
Tng
Chiu cao
tuong
(m)
Trong
luong
(kgm
2
)
Gia tri tinh
toan
(kgm)
Gia tri tinh toan
tuong co l cua
Tng 1
- Tuong 110
- Tuong 220
3
296
514
888
1542
621,6
1079,4
Tng 2-10
- Tuong 110
-Tuong 220
3,2
296
514
947,2
1644,8
663,0
1151,36
Tng tum
13
-Tuong 110
-Tuong 220
3,5
296
514
1036
1799
725,2
1259,3
1.3. %6nh ti t#4ng ch;n mi
TT Cac lop san
Day
(m)
Cao
(m)

(Kgm3)
H s
vuot tai
Tai trong
(Kgm)
1 Tuong gach 0.22 0.4 1800 1.1 174
2 Vua trat 2 bn 0.015 0.4 2000 1.3 15,6
T@C 1LX
1.<. %6nh ti c)u th=ng
1.>. %6nh ti chiu ngh:
TT Cu tao Cac lop san Day
(m)

(Kgm3)
H s
vuot tai
Tai trong
(Kgm)
1 Lat gach Ceramic 0.01 1800 1.1 19,8
2 Vua xinng M75 0.02 2000 1.3 52
3 Ban BTCT day 100mm 0.12 2500 1.1 275
4 Vua trat trn day 15mm 0.01
5
2000 1.3 39
T@C AQ@C =<L
1.?. %r+ng &#@ng cc tit ,in ,)m
Loai dm
Trong luong
ring
(Kgm3)
H s
Gia tri tinh
toan (Kgm)
300x700 2500 1.1 578
220x450 2500 1.1 272
220x300 2500 1.1 181
110x200 2500 1.1 60.5
1.A. %r+ng &#@ng cc tit ,in cBt
Loai ct
Chiu
cao
(m)
Trong
luong
ring
(Kgm3) H s
Gia tri
tinh
toan
(Kg)
500x70
0 3 2500 1.1 2888
500x70
0 3.2 2500 1.1 3080
14
TT Cu tao Cac lop san
Day
(m)

(Kgm3)
H s
vuot tai
Tai trong
(Kgm)
1 Lat gach Ceramic 0.01 1800 1.1 19.8
2 Vua xinng M75 0.02 2000 1.3 52
3 Bc gach 0.1 1800 1.1 271.7
4 Ban BTCT day 100mm 0.1 2500 1.1 275
5 Vua trat trn day 15mm 0.015 2000 1.3 39
T@C AQ@C X<_L<
400x60
0 3 2500 1.1 1980
400x60
0 3.2 2500 1.1 2112
220x22
0 3.5 2500 1.1 466
1.C. %i tr+ng mi tum
Ly bng tai trong ca san mai
2. Hoat tai
2.1. D"'t ti s.n 1. mi
Do con nguoi va vt dung gy ra trong qua trinh su dung cng trinh nn uoc xac
inh: - p n. p
0
- n: h s vuot tai theo TCVNXD 2737-1995
- n 1,3 voi p
0
200KGm
2
- n 1,2 voi p
0
200KGm
2
- p
0
: hoat tai tiu chun
!d@C GqpD DdY OG\@ jk DE?@ Mr@ DGq DY?I AGI@ o_=_1<
S
TT
Loai phong
Tai trong
tiu chun
H s
vot tai
Tai
trong tinh
toan
1 Phong ng 200 1,2 240
2 Phong khach, phong v sinh 150 1,3 195
3 Phong bp 150 1,3 195
4 Hanh lang 300 1,2 360
5 Phong ng co thang may 750 1,2 900
6 San mai 75 1.3 97,5
7 Ban cng 200 1,2 240
2.2. %i tr+ng gi
Cng trinh cao 35,3m thi uoc xet toi thanh phn gio tinh.
Xac inh thanh phn tinh ca gio:
Gia tri tiu chun ca thanh phn tinh ca tai trong gio

o cao h
i
so
voi mt t xac inh theo cng thuc:

0
. k. C
Gia tri tinh toan theo cng thuc
15

tt
n.
0
. k. c

0
: gia tri tiu chun ca ap lc gio o cao 10m ly theo phn vung gio, khu
vc thanh ph Vinh thuc vung IV-B
0
155 KGm
2
.
k: h s tinh n s thay i ca ap lc gio theo cao.
c: h s khi ng (on gio : c 0,8 ; hut gio: c -0,6),
n: h s tin cy
n n
1
. n
2
voi n
1
: h s vuot tai ca tai trong gio 1,2
n
2
: h s iu chinh ap lc gio 1 (cng trinh 50 nm),
Tng
Chiu
cao
H(m)
Cao
o
(kgm)
K B
C
Gio y
(kgm)
Gio hut
(kgm)
Hut y n
1 3 3 155 0.8 6.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 773.76 580.32
2 3.2 6.2 155 0.91 6.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 880.15 660.11
3 3.2 9.4 155 0.99 6.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 957.53 718.15
4 3.2 12.6 155 1.04 6.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 1005.9 754.42
5 3.2 15.8 155 1.09 6.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 1054.2 790.69
6 3.2 19 155 1.12 6.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 1083.3 812.45
7 3.2 22.2 155 1.15 6.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 1112.3 834.21
8 3.2 25.4 155 1.18 6.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 1141.3 855.97
9 3.2 28.6 155 1.21 6.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 1170.3 877.73
10 3.2 31.8 155 1.23 6.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 1189.7 892.24

CH-NG II: LuP M&T !)NG KT C{U
Thit lp mt bng kt cu san nhu ban v, trong o:
- Cac khung uoc ki hiu K1,K2,Kn
- Cac dm thuc khung uoc ki hiu D1,D2,....Dn,
- Cac ct uoc ki hiu C1, C2,...Cn.
- Cac san uoc ki hiu ln luot la S1, S2,...Sn
-Bang thng k cu kin cho san tng in hinh ( xem PL1)
I1 L8} CH:N 2 ! TIT /IN CH% CC C{U KIN
11 CGYaI ]rJ Mr@
Vi trong mt bng kt cu tng in hinh co ca san ban k loai dm va san ban k 4
canh (ban k loai dm chim a s) , am bao cac san lam vic binh thuong va an
16
toan nn chon giai phap san la san suon toan khi co ban loai dm, san in hinh co
kich thuoc lon nht la 3.25m x 7m.
- Chiu day ban xac inh so b theo cng thuc: h
s
&.
m
E

Trong o:
D (0,8 1,4) la h s phu thuc tai trong, ly D 1.2
m ( 30 35) la h s phu thuc loai ban, Voi ban k loai dm canh chon m 33.
&: la chiu dai canh ngn. l3.25m
Do co nhiu ban co kich thuoc va tai trong khac nhau dn n co chiu day ban san
khac nhau, nhung thun tin thi cng cung nhu tinh toan ta thng nht chon mt chiu
day ban san.
h
s
&.
m
E
0,0870,13 m Chon h
s
10 cm ,
o1 CG~@ blAG DGewA ]K
2.1. FGch th#c ,)m chGnh thH" ph#0ng ng=ng
Khung ngang gm 3 nhip co kich thuoc 7m; 7,7m; 7m, thun loi trong vic thi cng
ta chon nhip lon nht tinh toan ri b tri cho 2 nhip con lai.
- Chiu cao dm uoc tinh so b theo cng thuc: h
d
(

10
1

12
1
). l
d
;
l
d
: Nhip ca dm ly la 7,7 m.
h
d
(64,1 77)cm. Chon h
d
70 cm
- Chiu rng dm
b
d
( 0,3 0,5 ) h
d
, ta chon b
d
30 cm.
2.2. Kich thuoc dm chinh theo phuong doc
Khung doc gm 7 nhip co cac kich thuoc 6,59m; 8m; 6,5m, thun loi trong vic thi
cng ta chon nhip lon nht tinh toan ri b tri cho cac nhip con lai.
- Chiu cao dm: h
d
(

10
1

12
1
).l
d
;
l
d
8 m
h
d
(66,6 80)cm, Ta chon h
d
70 cm
7 Chiu rng dm b
d
(0,3 0,5) h
d
, ta chon b
d
30 cm,
2.3. Kich thuoc dm phu theo phuong ngang
- Chiu cao dm: h
d
(

12
1

16
1
) . l
d
;
l
d
: Nhip ca dm ly la 7 m.
h
d
(0,4358,3)cm. Chon h
d
45 cm
17
- Chiu rng dm
b
d
( 0,3 0,5 ) h
d
, ta chon b
d
22 cm.
2.4. Kich thuoc dm phu theo phuong doc
- Chiu cao dm: h
d
(

12
1

16
1
). l
d
;
l
d
h
d
(40,6 54,1)cm. Chon h
d
45 cm
- Chiu rng dm: b
d
( 0,3 0,5 ) h
d
, ta chon b
d
22 cm.
2.5. Kich thuoc dm ban cng, lgia
inh hinh van khun cung nhu thun tin trong vic thi cng ta chon kich
thuoc nhu nhau va chon voi kich thuoc nhip lon hon. Chon nhip l 3,85m.
- Chiu cao dm: h
d
(

12
1

16
1
) . l
d
;
l
d
h
d
(24 32)cm. Chon h
d
30 cm
- Chiu rng dm: b
d
( 0,3 0,5 ) h
d
, ta chon b
d
22 cm.
=1 CG~@ blAG DYgD ]Yc@ AQD
- Tit din uoc tinh toan theo cng thuc : A
I
J
!K
Trong o :
k : H s k n anh huong ca mmen un tac dung ln u ct
(ly k 1,1 1,5)
b
: Cuong b tng ct , b tng cp bn B20 co
b
11,5 MPa
N : Lc nen trong ct: N n.S.q
- n : S tng trn tit din ang xet; n10
- S : Din tich truyn tai trong ung ln ct ang xet
- q : Tai trong phn b u trn san
3.1. CBt giL=
Tng lc doc N truyn xung tu cac tng trn ly theo din tich chiu tai
2 375 , 41 5 , 6
2
7
2
7 , 7
cm 8
,
_
+
Lc doc do tai phn b u trn ban san:
N
1
q
s
.S
b
618,9.41,37527398,52 (daN)
Lc doc do tai tuong ngn 220mm:
18
N
2
g
t
.l
t
h
t
506.(3,51,251,8).2,56253,8 (daN)
(ly so b chiu cao tuong bng chiu cao nha tru chiu cao dm)
N
3
g
t
.l
t
h
t
288.(7-0,9)(6,5-0,9)2.63 (6.5-1.3).2,7513372,58 (daN)
Lc doc do tai phn b u trn ban sac mai:
N
4
q
m
.S
b
751,3.47,77535893,36 (daN)
Voi nha 10 tng co 9 san hoc va 1 san mai:ss
Nn
i
N
i
9.( 27398,52 6253,8 13372,58) 35893,36 459117,46 (daN)
k n anh huong ca momen ta chon k1,1.thi din tich ct yu c
2
96 , 3482
115
459117,46 . 1 , 1 .
cm
J
K !
M
I

3.2. CBt Iin
%Nng &Oc ,+c K truyn 5uPng tQ cc t)ng trn &y thH" ,in tGch ch*u ti
2 58 , 23 4 , 1
2
85 , 3
2
5 , 6
2
7
2
7 , 7
m 8
,
_
+
,
_
+
Lc doc do tai phn b u trn ban san:
N
1
q
s
.S
b
618,9.23,5814326.91 (daN)
N
2
g
t
.l
t
h
t
506.(3,53,85.21,4.2).2,515710 (daN)
(ly so b chiu cao tuong bng chiu cao nha tru chiu cao dm)
N
3
g
t
.l
t
h
t
288.(6,52-0.9)3,52.2,753247,2 (daN)
Lc doc do tai phn b u trn ban sac mai:
N
4
q
m
.S
b
1078,7.26,5828712,6 (daN)
Voi nha 10 tng co 9 san hoc va 1 san mai:
19
Nn
i
N
i
9.( 14326.91 127103247,2) 28712,6 301269,59 (daN)
k n anh huong ca momen ta chon k1,1.thi din tich ct yu cu la :

2
49 , 2285
115
301269,59 . 1 , 1 .
cm
J
K !
M
I

a
b
c
Nhn xt :
- Nhn thy trn mt bng cng trinh, cac loai ct co din chiu tai khac nhau, din
chiu tai ca ct goc nho nht nhung s luong chi co 4 ct trn mi tng. Vi vy thun
tin cho cng tac thi cng ta chon tit din ca ct bin va ct goc la la 40x60cm con ct
giua la 50x70cm.
- Vic giam tit din theo chiu cao ca cng trinh la cn thit tuy nhin do nhip
dm lon. Tit din dm khng thay i uoc nn ta chon tit din ct cho 10 tng ging
nhau tranh truong hop dm cung hon ct gy nn hin tuong hoa khop ct truoc, nguy
him cho cng trinh
c. FGch th#c &Ri th=ng my
Chon kich thuoc li cu thang may:
Chiu ,.y &Ri c)u th=ng my th" mSn 2 iu !in3
1>cm 1. D
t
T2UV>UUT2UV2> cm.
&y IWng V2> cm.
II1 CH:N VuT LIU CH% KT C{U V7 LuP 2 TNH CH% KT C{U
CH9U L8C1
11 CG~@ hRD TYcI
Chon b tng mac B20 co b11,5 MPa .
Chon thep 10 mm nhom AI co s225 MPa.
10 mm nhom AII co s280 Mpa.
o1 LRO M P Dl@G
20
So tinh su dung la khung phng giai ni lc bng phn mm Sap 2000.
Lin kt uoc su dung: Lin kt giua ct va mong la lin kt ngam, lin kt giua
dm, ct, vach la lin kt cung.
Nhip tinh toan ly tu truc ca ct
Chiu cao tinh toan ca tng ly nhu sau:
- Chiu cao tng 1 ly tu mt mong n truc dm tng 2
- Chiu cao tng con lai ly theo chiu cao tng tuong ung.
III1 TNH T%N /N TI V7% KHUNG TRC o
Khi dn tai trong vao khung cn chu y:
Cn cu vao mt bng kt cu ca san cac tng phn chia s lam vic ca cac
ban:
Xet ty s 2 canh ca ban:
- Voi l
2
l
1
2 y la ban loai dm( lam vic 1 phuong) tai trong tu san truyn
vao dm duoi dang phn b u.
- Voi l
2
l
1
2 y la ban k 4 canh(ban lam vic 2 phuong) tai trong tu san
truyn vao dm duoi dang hinh thang hoc tam giac.
11 Hc Mk IJ PY DdY DE~@C:
Voi san lon,kich thuoc BxL (m):
Tai trong phn b tac dung ln khung co dang hinh thang. qui i sang tai trong
phn b chu nht ta cn xac inh h s qui i k:
k1-2
2
3
voi
2
2X
Y
k1-2.
2
3
! 0,92
-Voi san nho,kich thuoc. Tai trong phn b tac dung ln khung co dang hinh tam
giac. qui i sang tai trong phn b chu nht,ta co h s qui i k
8
5
0,625
o T@G DdY:
2.1.%:nh ti ," cc t)ng 271U truyn 1." !hung tr-c 23
So truyn tai
21
(1 (2 (3 (< (3 (2 (1
ZAVZt[Z1[U\A<Z3
ZCVU\?2>Z<[U\A1Z>
Z?VZt[Z1[U\C3>Z2
ZCVU\?2>Z<[U\A1Z>
ZAVZt[Z1[U\A<Z3
Z1
A
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
3C>U 3C>U
AUUU AAUU AUUU
21AUU
BCD
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
1
2
3
Z2
Z3
Z< Z>
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z<
Z>
(1 (2 (3 (< (3 (2 (1
22
Z?VZt[Z1[U\C3>Z2
1
2
3
Bang tinh toan tai phn b u do cac san tng 2-10 tac dung ln khung truc 2:
TT
Tn
tai trong
Loai tai trong va cach tinh
H s
quy i TT
Gia
tri(kgm)
1 qt Tai trong tuong 663
2 q
1
san S1 truyn vao
385,8x(3,252-0,11)
584,49
3 q
2
san S4 truyn vao
385,8x(3,252-0.11)
0,835 536,61
4 q
3
san S5 truyn vao
385,8x(1,452-0,11)
0,74 237,27
22
5 q
4
san S3 truyn vao
385,8x(3,852-0,11)
0,625 700,22
6 q5
san S7 truyn vao
385,8x(3.252-0,11)
0.71 584,49
7 q6 qtq10,835q2 1659
8 q7 qtq10,74q3 1422
9 q8 0,625q40,71q5 852
Bang tinh toan tai tp trung tng 2-10 tac dung ln khung truc 2:
TT
Tn tai
trong
Loai tai trong va cach tinh Gia tri(Kg)
1
P1
Do san S1 truyn vao
385,8x3,252x3,5
2194.28
2
Do san S4 truyn vao
385,8x(3,25-0,22)x3,252x1
385,8x(3,252-0,11)x(5,2-
0,225,2-0,22-3,25)x12
2910,74
3
Do trong luong dm300x700
578x6,5
3757
4
Do trong luong dm220x450
272x72
952
5
Do tuong 220 va 110
(1151,36x6,5 663x3,5)x0,7
6863,04
Tng 16528.48
1
P2
Do san S4 truyn vao
385,8x3,25x3,258
425,33
2
Do san S5 truyn vao
385,8x(0,90,175)x1,452
222,51
3 Do trong luong dm 220x450
272x74
476
23
4
Do trong luong dm 220x300
181x3.25
588.25
5
60.5x1.42
42.25
6
Do tuong 220
1151.36x(3.5-0.9)
2993.54
7
Do tuong 110
663x(0,850,60,2)
1093,95
tng 5841.93
1
P3
Do san S1 truyn vao
385,8x(3,252-0,11)x3,5
2045,7
2
Do san S3 truyn vao
385,8x(3,251,325)x3,854
1698,85
3
Do san S5 truyn vao
385,8x(0,90,175)x1,45
601,37
4
Do san S6 truyn vao
385,8x1,8x0,7
486,11
5
Do san S7 truyn vao
385,5x3,25x3,254
1018,75
6
Do tuong 220 truyn vao
1151,36x(3,251,95)x0,7
4162,17
7
578x6.5
3757
8
60.5x1.42
42.25
Tng 11766.5
1
P4
Do san S3 truyn vao
2x 385,8x(3,251,325)x3,854
3397,7
2
Do san S7 truyn vao
2x385,5x3,25x3,254
2037,5
4
Do san S7 truyn vao
385.5x(3.850.6)x3.254
1393.82
7 Do dm 220x450 1768
24
272x6.5
8
Do tuong 220
1151.36x(3.252.65)
6793.02
9
Do tuong 110
663x(11.411.41.91.9)
5701.8
Tng 21091.84
(1V1?.>2C (2V>.C<1 (3V11.A??
(<V21.U]1
22
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
(1V1?.>2C (2V>.C<1 (3V11.A??
2.2.%:nh ti ," s.n mi truyn 1." !hung tr-c 23
So truyn tai:
25
(1 (2 (3 (2 (1
Z?VU\A<Z3[U\?2>Z<
Z>VZ1[U\]Z2 Z>VZ1[U\]Z2
A
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
3C>U 3C>U
AUUU AAUU AUUU
21AUU
BCD
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
1
2
3
Z1
Z2
Z3 Z<
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z<
(1 (2 (3 (2 (1
22
Z?VU\A<Z3[U\?2>Z<
Bang tinh toan tai phn b tng mai:
TT
Tn tai
trong
H s quy
i TT
Gia
tri(kgm2)
1 q
1
san S1 truyn vao
1129.4x(3,252-0,11)
1711.04
2 q
2
san S4 truyn vao
1129.4x(3,252-0.11)
0,9 1711,04
3 q
3
san S5 truyn vao
1129.4x(3.822-0,11)
0,74 2049,86
4 q
4
san S3 truyn vao
1129.4x(3,852-0,11)
0,625 2049,85
5 q5 q10,9q2 3250
6 q6 0,74q30,625q4 2797
26
Bang tinh toan tai tp trung tng mai:
TT
Tn tai
trong
Loai tai trong va cach tinh Gia tri(KG)
1
P1
Do san S1 truyn vao
1129.4x3,252x3,5
6423.46
2
Do san S4 truyn vao
1129.4x(3,25-0,22)x3,252x1
1129.4x(3,252-
0,11)x(5,2-0,225,2-0,22-
3,25)x12
8520.97
3
Do trong luong
dm300x700
578x6,5
3757
4
Do trong luong
dm220x450
272x72
952
Tng 19653.43
1
P2
Do san S1 truyn vao
1129.4x(3,252-0,11)x3,5
5988.64
2
Do san S3 truyn vao
1129.4x(3,251,325)x3,854
4973.24
3
Do san S5 truyn vao
385,8x(0,90,175)x1,45
601,37
4
Do san S4 va S7 truyn vao
2x1129.4x3,25x3,254
5964.64
5
Do trong luong dm
300x700
578x6.5
3757
Tng 21284.89
1
P3
Do san S3 truyn vao
2x1129.4x(3,251,325)x3,854
9946.48
2
Do san S7 truyn vao
2x1129.4x3,25x3,254
5964.64
3
Do san S7 truyn vao
1129.4x(3.850.6)x3.254
4083.49
27
7
Do dm 220x450
272x6.5
1768
Tng 21762.61
(1V1].?>3 (2V21.2C< (3V21.A?2
22
Z>V3.2>
Z?V2.A]A
Z>V3.2>
Z?V2.A]A
(1V1].?>3 (2V21.2C<
=1 HqpD DdY:
=111 HqpD DdY D@C o10:
HqpD DdY f CYyV @GSO:
So tinh:
Z3VU.?>Z1[U.A1Z2
A
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
3C>U 3C>U
AUUU AAUU AUUU
21AUU
BCD
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
1
2
3
Z1 Z2
Z1
Z2
(1 (2 (1
1
2
3
(1V1\3A3 (2V2\A<A (1V1\3A3
Z3VU.?>Z1[U.A1Z2
Bang phn b hoat tai nhip giua do cac tng 2-10 tac dung vao khung
TT Tn tai Loai tai trong va cach tinh Gia
28
trong tri(kgm2)
1 q1
san S3 truyn vao
195x(3,852-0,11)x0,625
221.2
2 q2
san S7 truyn vao
195x(3.252-0,11)x0.71
209.75
3 q3 0.625q10,71q2 214
1
P1
Do san S3 truyn vao
195x(3,251,325)x3,854
858.67
2
Do san S7 truyn vao
195x3,25x3,254
514.92
Tng 1373.59
1
P2
Do san S3 truyn vao
2x195x(3,251,325)x3,854
1717.34
2
Do san S7 truyn vao
2x195x3,25x3,254
1029.84
Tng 2747.18
(1V1\3A3 (2V2\A<A
(1V1\3A3
Z3VU.21< Z3VU.21<
Hoat tai o 2 nhip bin:
So tinh
29
(1V3.A?? (2VU.<?A (3V1.C21
22
Z<VZ1[U\C>Z2
Z>VU.A<Z3
(1V3.A?? (2VU.<?A (3V1.C21
Z<VZ1[U\C>Z2
Z>VU.A<Z3
Z1
A
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
3C>U 3C>U
AUUU AAUU AUUU
21AUU
BCD
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
1
2
3
Z2
Z3
Z1
Z2
Z3
(1 (2 (3 (3 (2 (1
1
2
3
Bang phn b hoat tai phn b 2 nhip bin tac dung ln khung truc 4:
TT
Tn tai
trong
Loai tai trong va cach
tinh
H s
quy i
TT
Gia
tri(kgm2)
1 q1
san S1 truyn vao
240x(3,252-0,11)
363.6
2 q2
san S4 truyn vao
240x(3,252-
0.11)x0,835
0.835 363,59
3 q3
san S5 truyn vao
195x(1,452-
0,11)x0,74
0.74 119,86
4 q4 q10,835q2 0,666
5 q5 0,74q3 0,451
30
Bang phn b hoat tai tp trung 2 nhip bin tac dung ln khung truc 2:
TT
Tn tai
trong
Loai tai trong va cach tinh Gia tri(Kg)
1
P1
Do san S1 truyn vao
240x3,252x3,5
1365
2
Do san S4 truyn vao
240x(3,25-0,22)x3,252x1
240x(3,252-0,11)x(5,2-0,225,2-
0,22-3,25)x12
2401
Tng 3766
1
P2
Do san S4 truyn vao
240x3,25x3,258
316
2
Do san S5 truyn vao
195x(0,90,175)x1,452
151
tng 467
1
P3
Do san S1 truyn vao
240x(3,252-0,11)x3,5
1272
2
Do san S5 truyn vao
195x(0,90,175)x1,45
304
3
Do san S6 truyn vao
195x1,8x0,7
245
Tng 1821
(1V3.A?? (2VU.<?A (3V1.C21
22
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A?? (2VU.<?A (3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
3.1. D"'t ti t)ng mi3
- Hoat tai mai nhip bin:
So tinh
31
Z1
A
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
3C>U 3C>U
AUUU AAUU AUUU
21AUU
BCD
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
1
2
3
(1 (2
Z1
(1 (2
1
2
3
Bang phn b hoat tai mai nhip bin:
TT
Tn tai
trong
Gia
tri(kgm2)
1 q1
san S1 va S4 truyn vao
2x97.5x(3,252-0,11)
295.43
2 P1P2
Do san S3 va S4 truyn vao
2x97.5x(3,251,325)x3,854
858.67
Z1VU.2]>
(VU.C>C (VU.C>C (VU.C>C (VU.C>C
Z1VU.2]>
- Hoat tai mai nhip giua
So tinh
32
Z3VU.?>Z1[U.A1Z2
A
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
3C>U 3C>U
AUUU AAUU AUUU
21AUU
BCD
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
3
2
>
U
?
>
U
U
?
>
U
U
1
2
3
Z1 Z2
Z1
Z2
(1 (2 (1
1
2
3
(1VU.<2] (2V1.3A3 (1VU.<2]
Z3VU.?>Z1[U.A1Z2
Bang phn b hoat tai mai nhip giua:
TT
Tn tai
trong
Gia
tri(kgm2)
1 q1
san S3 truyn vao
97.5x(3,852-0,11)x0,625
110.6
2 q2
san S7 truyn vao
97.5x(3.252-0,11)x0.71
104.88
3 q3 0.625q10.71q2 144
1 P1 Do san S3 truyn vao
97.5x(3,251,325)x3,854
429.34
33
2
Do san S7 truyn vao
97.5x3,25x3,254
257.46
Tng 686.8
1
P2
Do san S3 truyn vao
2x97.5x(3,251,325)x3,854
858.67
2
Do san S7 truyn vao
2x97.5x3,25x3,254
514.92
Tng 1373.59
(1VU.?CA (2V1.3A3
(1VU.?CA
Z3VU.1<< Z3VU.1<<
3.3. D"'t ti gi3/S tGnh t"n ^ trn2
3.<. 80 _ cht cc %D ti tr+ng &n !hung
7 %D t6nh ti3
34
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
(1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
(<V21.U]1 (1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
(1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
(<V21.U]1 (1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
(1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
(<V21.U]1 (1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
(1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
(<V21.U]1 (1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
(1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
(<V21.U]1 (1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
(1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
(<V21.U]1 (1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
(1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
(<V21.U]1 (1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
(1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
(<V21.U]1 (1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
Z?V1.?>]
ZAV1.<22
ZCVU.C>2
(1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
(<V21.U]1 (1V1?.>2C
(2V>.C<1
(3V11.A??
(1V1].?>3 (2V21.2C< (3V21.A?2
Z>V3.2>
Z?V2.A]A
Z>V3.2>
Z?V2.A]A
(1V1].?>3 (2V21.2C<
7 %r#4ng h@p D%1
35
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V1\3A3
(2V2\A<A (1V1\3A3
Z3VU.21< Z3VU.21<
(1V1\3A3
(2V2\A<A (1V1\3A3
Z3VU.21< Z3VU.21<
(1V1\3A3
(2V2\A<A (1V1\3A3
Z3VU.21< Z3VU.21<
(1V1\3A3
(2V2\A<A (1V1\3A3
Z3VU.21< Z3VU.21<
(1VU\?CA (2V1\3A3 (1VU\?CA
Z3VU.1<< Z3VU.1<<
7 %r#4ng h@p D%23
36
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V3.A??
(2VU.<?A
(3V1.C21
Z<VU.???
Z>VU.<>1
(1V1\3A3
(2V2\A<A (1V1\3A3
Z3VU.21< Z3VU.21<
(1V1\3A3
(2V2\A<A (1V1\3A3
Z3VU.21< Z3VU.21<
(1V1\3A3
(2V2\A<A (1V1\3A3
Z3VU.21< Z3VU.21<
(1V1\3A3
(2V2\A<A (1V1\3A3
Z3VU.21< Z3VU.21<
(1V1\3A3
(2V2\A<A (1V1\3A3
Z3VU.21< Z3VU.21<
Z1VU.2]>
(VU.C>C (VU.C>C (VU.C>C (VU.C>C
Z1VU.2]>
7 %r#4ng h@p gi tri
37
U
\
A
A
3
U
\
C
C
U
\
]
>
C
1
\
U
U
?
1
\
U
>
<
1
\
U
C
3
1
\
1
1
2
1
\
1
<
1
1
\
1
A
1
\
1
]
U
\
>
C
U
\
?
?
U
\
A
1
C
U
\
A
>
<
U
\
A
]
1
U
\
C
1
2
U
\
C
3
<
U
\
C
>
?
U
\
C
A
C
U
\
C
]
2
7 %r#4ng h@p gi phi
38
U
\
A
A
3
U
\
C
C
U
\
]
>
C
1
\
U
U
?
1
\
U
>
<
1
\
U
C
3
1
\
1
1
2
1
\
1
<
1
1
\
1
A
1
\
1
]
U
\
>
C
U
\
?
?
U
\
A
1
C
U
\
A
>
<
U
\
A
]
1
U
\
C
1
2
U
\
C
3
<
U
\
C
>
?
U
\
C
A
C
U
\
C
]
2
39
CHNG 3: THIT K SN TNG IN HNH
I1 C 2 TNH T%N:
- Bang xac inh, t hop tai trong
- tiu chun thit k b tng ct thep
- Mt bng kt cu
II1 2 LIU TNH T%N
Da vao mt bng kt cu, kich thuoc cac ban ta phn cac san ra lam 2 loai:
- Cac san co ti s cac canh l2l1 ~2 : ban lam vic theo 1 phuong ( ban loai dm)
- Cac san co ti s cac canh l2l1 2 : ban lam vic theo 2 phuong ( ban k 4 canh)
Vt liu:
B tng cp bn B20 co
b
11,5 Mpa
Ct thep AI co
s
225 Mpa
Ct thep AII co
s
280 Mpa
III1 TNH T%N CC ( 27N
11Tl@G Dq`@ B Mr@ TrK hYcA DGq 1 OGe@C: =Lo<[_ K
1.1. 80 _ tGnh3
Ct dai ban co b rng 1m song song voi phuong
canh ngn, coi nhu 1 dm tinh toan
Cac ban uoc k ln dm va lin khi voi cac
ban khac
1.2. Xc *nh nBi &Oc3
Kich thuoc tinh toan: L1 3,25 - 0,222-
0,222 3,03 m
L2 7-0,3 6,7 m
Tai trong tinh toan: Tinh tai: g 378,9 (Kgm
2
)
Hoat tai: p 195 (kgm
2
)
Tai trong tac dung ln ban: q g p 573,9 (Kgm
2
)
Xac inh m men: Cac canh uoc coi la lin kt cung, tinh toan ct thep theo so
khop deo. Ta co mmen trn gi va giua nhip xac inh theo cng thuc:
Tai giua nhip bin (momen duong): M
1
ql
2
11 573,9 x 3,03
2
11 478,99 (kg.m)
Tai gi nhip giua (momen m): M
2
ql
2
12 573,9 x 3,03
2
16 329,31 (kg.m)
1.3 %Gnh t"n cPt th`p3
- Gia thit khoang cach tu tm ct thep n b mt bao v la: a
0
2cm
- Chiu cao lam vic ca ban la h
0
h a
0
10 2 8cm
40
m2
sl
ml
m2
ma 2
mbl
mb2
ml
mAl mAl
mbl
ml
m2
mb2
ma 2
s5
m2
Tinh thep cho giua nhip bin (chiu momen duong) voi M 478,99 kg.m
u
M
2
0
478, 99
0, 0651
. . 115.100.8
8
a
J I h

0,5.(1
1 2
a

)0,5.(1 1 2.0, 0651 0,966
A
S
54 . 2
8 . 966 , 0 . 2800
47899
. .
0

h J
a
=

cm
2
- Kim tra ham luong ct thep:
0
2.754
0, 524
. 100.8
8
M
I h

Tra bang chon thep uong kinh 8 co I
a
0,503 cm
2
Khoang cach: a
. 100.0, 503
183
2, 754
=
8
I b
M

mm
Chon 48a200 mm
Tinh thep cho gii (chiu momen m) voi M 329,31 kg.
u
0447 , 0
8 . 100 . 115
31 , 329
. .
2 2
0

h I J
a
n
A
0
0,3
0,5.(1
1 2
a

)0,5.(1 1 2.0, 0447 0,977
A
S
0
329, 31
1.87
. . 2800.0, 977.8
8
a
J h

0
1, 87
0, 37
. 100.8
8
M
I h

Tra bang chon thep uong kinh 8 co Ia 0,503 cm
2
Khoang cach: a
. 100.0, 503
270
1, 86
=
8
I b
M

mm
Chon 48 a 200 mm
o1 Tl@G Dq`@ B Mr@ TrK hYcA DGq o OGe@C( jd@ b? ;
Ap@G) (XL< =L< K)
2.1 .80 _ tGnh 3
Xet mt ban bt ky tu ban lin tuc.
Nhip tinh toan :
Kich thuoc ban : axb 6,5 x 3,85 m .
Kich thuoc tinh toan:
l
2
6,5 - 0,3 6,2 m
41
l
1
3,85 - 0,32-0.222 3,59 m (voi b
dm
0,3m va b
dm
0,22m )
Xet ty s hai canh l
2
l
1
1,73 2 tinh toan voi ban k 4 canh lam vic theo hai
phuong.
Tinh ban theo so khop deo voi so tinh:
2.2 .Xc *nh nBi &Oc 3
Tai trong tinh toan :
- Tinh tai: g 378,9 kgm
2
- Hoat tai: p 195 kgm
2
Tng tai trong tac dung ln ban la:
q 378,9 195 573,9 kgm
2
on gian cho thi cng ta chon phuong an b tri thep
u theo hai phuong.
Khi o phuong trinh xac inh m men co dang :
2
(3 )
1 2 1
12
Z & & &
I

(2M
1
M
A1
M
B1
)l
2
(2M
2
M
A2
M
B2
)l
1
Trong phuong trinh trn co 6 mmen lam n s. Ly
M
1
lam
n s chinh va quy inh ty s :

1
2
a
a
; A
i

1
a
a
Mi
B
i

1
a
a
Yi

Khi o ta s tinh uoc M
1
, sau o dung cac ty s quy inh tinh toan mmen.
Voi r l
2
l
1
1,73, tra bang ta co : 0,435 ; A
1
B
1
1 ; A
2
B
2
0,635
Thay vao ta co :
( )
1
2
) 65 , 7 8 , 24 (
12
59 , 3 2 , 6 . 3 59 , 3 . 9 , 628
a +
Vy : M
1
312,43 (kgm)
M
2
135,91 (kgm)
M
A1
M
B1
312,43 (kgm)
M
A2
M
B2
198,39 (kgm)
2.3. %Gnh t"n cPt th`p 3
Chon a
o
2 cm

h
o
8 cm
Xet tit din co b 100 cm.Tinh voi tit din chu nht bxh100x10 cm t ct on.
-Theo phuong canh ngn:
Thep chiu momen duong o nhip: M
1
312,43 kg.m
42
sl5
ma2
mbl
mb2
ml
mAl mAl
mbl
ml
m2
mb2
ma2
m2
u
0337 , 0
8 . 100 . 115
31243
. .
2 2
0

h I J
a
n
A
0
0,3
0,5(1 . 2 1 )0,5(1
0337 , 0 . 2 1
0.98
A
S
42 , 1
8 . 98 , 0 . 2800
31243
. .
0

h J
a
=

cm
2

18 , 0
8 . 100
42 , 1
.
0

h I
M
8

2
Khoang cach: a
8
=
M
b I.
354
42 , 1
503 . 0 . 100
mm
Chon 48a 200 mm
Kt qua tinh san :
Tit
din
M
(Kgcm)

A
s
(cm
2
)
)
chon
Bung 312,43 0,98 1,42 0,18 8 a200
135,91 1 0.5 0,05 8 a200
Gi 312,43 0,98 1,42 0,18 8 a200
198,39 1 0,71 0,07 8 a200
=1Tl@G Tq`@ B Mr@ hc MY@G 21< (oL;<[oL;<K):
3.1. 8P &iu tGnh t"n.
Do c im lam vic la san v sinh nn kt cu san S15 khng cho phep nut.
Vi vy trong qua trinh tinh toan khng cho phep dung so khop deo tinh toan cho
kt cu san nay, tng kha nng chng nut cho san nha v sinh ,am bao kha nng
chng thm ta tinh toan san nha v sinh theo so an hi.
- Xet ty s : l
2
l
1
2,452,45 12
- Vy ban lam vic theo 2 phuong (Ban k 4 canh)
-Phuong phap tinh toan ni lc cac ban tinh theo so
an hi:
Tai trong tac dung gm:
Tinh tai san g 433,9 kgm
2
Hoat tai p 195 kgm
2
Tng tai trong tinh toan tac dung ln san:
q g p 433,9 195 628,,9 kgm
2
43
Chiu dai hinh hoc ca ban theo phuong mi phuong :l1l22,45m
Kich thuoc dm ngam san: b1 0,3 m, b2 0,22 m
Nhip tinh toan ca ban: l
t1
l
t2
2,45 m
Ta tinh toan ban theo so an hi, so tinh toan nhu hinh v:
3.2. %Gnh cPt th`p.
Cac canh uoc coi la lin kt cung, tinh toan ct thep theo so an hi. Ta co
phuong trinh xac inh mmen:

'
t2 t1 2 2
t2 t1 1 1
.l .q.l u M
.l .q.l u M

'

t2 t1 2 II
t2 t1 1 I
.l .q.l M
.l .q.l M
Voi r l
t1
l
t2
1 tra bang ta co :
0417 , 0
0179 , 0
2 1
2 1

Thay vao phuong trinh trn ln luot ta co cac mmen:
M
1
M
2
76,7 ; M
I
M
II
-178,7
Ct dai ban rng b 100 cm
Chiu cao lam vic ca cu kin: h0 hs a 10 2 8 cm
Ct thep o nhip:
M
1
M
2
76,7 kg.m
u
05 , 0
8 . 100 . 115
7670
. .
2 2
0

h I J
a
n
A
0
0,3
0,5(1 . 2 1 )0,5(1
05 , 0 . 2 1
0.996
A
S
28 , 0
8 . 996 , 0 . 2800
7670
. .
0

h J
a
=

cm
2

035 , 0
8 . 100
28 , 0
.
0

h I
M
8

2
Chon 48a 200 mm
Ct thep o gi: M
I
M
II
178,7 kg.m
u
01 , 0
8 . 100 . 115
17870
. .
2 2
0

h I J
a
n
A
0
0,3
0,5(1 . 2 1 )0,5(1
01 , 0 . 2 1
0.995
A
S
64 , 0
8 . 996 , 0 . 2800
17870
. .
0

h J
a
=

cm
2
44
2
2 2
64 , 0
10 . 995 , 0 . 2800
17870
. .
995 , 0 ) 01 , 0 . 2 1 1 ( 5 , 0 ) 2 1 1 ( 5 , 0
3 , 0 01 , 0
10 . 100 . 145
17870
. .
cm
h J
a
M
M
M
h I J
a
M
" =
s
c
" n

+ +
<
Tra bang chon thep uong kinh 8 co Fa 0,503 cm

2
Chon 48a 200 mm

08 , 0
8 . 100
64 , 0
.
0

h I
M
8

45
CH-NG IV: TNH T%N CU TH}NG
I1 2 LIU TNH T%N:
1. So tinh cu thang:
MAT BANG KT C C THANG
2. Vt liu su dung:
Btng: Cp bn B25, Ximng PC30, a dm 1x2cm
- Cuong chiu nen doc truc
b
11,5 MPa
- Cuong chiu keo doc truc
bt
0.9 MPa
Ct Thep: 10 dung thep AI co
s
225 MPa,
sw
175 MPa
10 Thep AII co
s
280 MPa,
sw
225 MPa
II1 TNH T%N !N TH}NG:
1 Tai trong:
46
Ban thang uoc cu tao nhu hinh v sau:
Tai trong tac dung ln v thang V1, V2:
[ %6nh ti3 Da vao cu tao cac lop ca ban thang:
- Lop a Granite day 10:
g
1
n.
. .
44 , 0
15 , 0 3 , 0
15 , 0 3 , 0
. 02 , 0 . 22 . 3 , 1
2 2 2 2

+
+
+
+
h I
h I
kNm
2
- Lop vua lot:
g
2
n.
. .
63 , 0
15 , 0 3 , 0
15 , 0 3 , 0
. 02 , 0 . 18 . 3 , 1
2 2 2 2

+
+
+
+
h I
h I
kNm
2
- Bc xy gach c:
g
3
n.
.
33 , 1
15 , 0 3 , 0 . 2
15 , 0 3 , 0
. 18 . 1 , 1
. 2
2 2 2 2

+
+
5
h I
I5h
kNm
2
- Lop BTCT:
g
4
n.
. 1,1.25.0,1 2,75 kNm

2
- Lop vua trat mt duoi ban thang:
g
5
n.
. 1,3.18.0,015 0,351 kNm

2
T@C D@G DdY Dl@G Dq`@ T?@ jd@ DGV@C:

g g
1
g
2
g
3
g
4
g
5
0,59 0,63 1,33 2,75 0,351 5,077 kNm
2
[ D"'t ti3 Theo tiu chun TCVN 2737-1995, tai trong ban thang ca chung cu
p
tc
300 kGm
2
3 kNm
2
p
tt
n.p
tc
1,2.3 3,6 kNm
2
T@C DdY DE~@C DGq OGe@C hIB@C CvA hwY DEA hg DGV@C OG\@ jk DE?@ 1K
o
jd@
DGV@C(AqY jd@ DGV@C @CV@C OG@C @Ge Mr@Dl@G DGY?@ ha V@ Dqr@)
47
- Mt !" #$t %$ G&'()t* +,- 10
- L.p v/a XM lt dy 20
- B!c (l50X300) xy g0ch dc
- B1n thang BTCT B20, dy 80
- L.p v/a XM trt tr2n thang dy
l5
- Mt !" #$t %$ G&'()t* +,- 10
- L.p v/a XM lt dy 20
- B1n thang BTC B20, dy l00
- L.p v/a XM trt tr2n
thang dy l5
h
C O
DD
<L0__ =LX LX__ kNm
2
2. So tinh
Tai trong toan phn q ca v thang la thng ung theo phuong trong lc. Nhung khi
tinh toan ban thang thi tai trong q uoc chia lam hai thanh phn:
Thanh phn q
n
song song voi phuong canh dai gy nen cho ban thang
Thanh phn q
u
vung goc voi phuong canh dai s gy un cho ban thang
O y ta chi xet n tac dung ca thanh phn gy un, con thanh phn gy nen
co btng chiu.
Tinh toan theo so an hi va xem v thang gi ln tuong va cn thang nn so
tinh la tinh inh.

3. Tinh toan ni lc va ct thep cho v thang V1, V2
Vg V1: Kich thuoc ban tinh theo phuong nghing voi goc nghing
24
o
,
chiu dai tinh toan ca v l
1
1,3 m, l
2
l
o
2
cos(24
o
) 2,80,91 3,08 m
Ti s:
05 , 2
5 , 1
08 , 3
1
2

&
&
~ 2
Tinh toan theo ban loai dm.

Ct mt dai ban co b rng b 1m chiu tai trong phn b
M
max

8
5 , 1 . 677 , 8
8
.
2 2
& Z
2,44 kN.m

48
l
q
q
qu
qn
Vg Vo: Co kich thuoc l
1
1,5 m, l
2

08 , 3
24 cos
8 , 2
"
m
Ti s:
05 , 2
5 , 1
08 , 3
1
2

&
&
~ 2
Tinh toan theo ban loai dm.

M
max

8
5 , 1 . 677 , 8
8
.
2 2
& Z
2,44 kN.m
985 , 0 ) 2 1 1 ( 5 , 0 029 , 0
5 , 8 . 100 . 115
10 . 44 , 2
2
4
2
max
2 1
+
m
" I
m m
5I5h J
a

2 4 max
2 1
61 , 1 10 .
5 , 8 . 985 , 0 . 2800
44 , 2
. .
cm
h Js
a
M M
"
s s

Chon
200 8=
co As 2,515(cm
2
) ~ A
s1
Kim tra : min
12 , 0 100 .
5 , 8 . 100
61 , 1
.
>
"
s
h I
M
B tri thep v thang V1, V2
III1 TNH T%N !N CHIU NGH:
1. Tai trong tac dung ln ban chiu nghi
2TT CÀ TwO ANI Dpq CGYaI Hc Mk TdY DE~@C
49
]rJ(K) (bNK
=
)
heD
DdY (@)
Dl@G Dq`@ C
DD
(bNK
o
)
1 - Lop a Granite day 20 0,02 22 1,1 0,484
2 - Lop vua ximng lot 20 0,02 18 1,3 0.468
3 - Ban thang B.T.C.T dy 10cm. 0,10 25 1,1 2,75
4 - Vua XM trat duoi 1,5cm. 0,015 18 1,3 0,351
T@C ;L0<=
Hoat tai: p
tt
3x1,2 3,6 kNm
2
Tng tai trong tac dung theo phuong thng ung phn b trn 1m
2
ban:
q
b
g p
tt
4,053 3,6 7,653 kNm
2
Tinh toan gn ung cho san hinh chu nht co kich thuoc (l
1
xl
2
) (1,2 x 3,2) m
Ti s
2 07 , 2
35 . 1
8 . 2
1
2
>
&
&
Tinh theo ban loai dm.

1500
q (kG/m)
2. Tinh toan ni lc va ct thep
M
max

8
5 , 1 . 653 , 7
8
.
2 2
& Z
2,15 kN.m
969 , 0 ) 2 1 1 ( 5 , 0 06 , 0
5 , 8 . 1000 . 115
10 . 15 , 2
2
4
2
max
2 1
+
m
" I
m m
5I5h J
a

2 4 max
2 1
32 , 1 10 .
5 , 8 . 969 , 0 . 2800
15 , 2
. .
cm
h Js
a
M M
"
s s

Chon
200 6=
co As 1,41(cm
2
) ~ A
s1
Kim tra : min
166 , 0 100 .
5 , 8 . 100
41 . 1
.
>
"
s
h I
M
50
B tri thep ban chiu nghi:
1500
3
0
0
400
400
1
0
0
9
O6a200
10
O6a200
11
O6a200
8
O6a200
8
O6a200
9
O6a200
200
+4950
5
DAM CN 1

B chi thep ban chiu nghi
IV1 TNH T%N /M CHIU NGH:
Vi tri dm DCN xem mt bng cu thang.
Kich thuoc so b dm DCN:
- Nhip tinh toan: l 2,8 m
- Tit din (22x30)cm
11 TdY DE~@C Dl@G Dq`@:
Trong luong btng:
g
b
n.
.b.(h-h
b
) 1,1.25.0,22.(0,3-0,1) 1,331 kNm
Trong luong vua trat:
g
v1
n.
. .b2.(h-h
b
) 1,3.18.0,015.0,222.(0,3-0,08) 0,232
kNm
Va 12 Tai trong tinh toan do san chiu nghi CN1 truyn vao theo dang chu
nht :
Q
t
12q 0,5.7,711 3,9 (kNm)
Vy tng tai trong tinh toan phn b tac dung ln dm DCN2:
q
DCN2
g
b
g
V
q
t
1,331 0,232 3,9 5,463 kNm
M
max1
35 , 5
8
8 , 2 . 463 , 5
8
.
2
2
1

& Z
ECK
kN.m
51
Tai trong tp trung do cn thang C1 va C2 tac dung vao:
p
l
pp
2
pp
2
.l p
l.
l
L 300
3600
- Do cn thang C1,C2 truyn vao:
P
1
P
2

52 , 16
91 , 0
1 , 15
24 cos
max

d
kN
M
max2
P
1
.L 16,52.1,8 29,736 (kN.m)
Cng 2 biu momen ta uoc tng momen lon nht tinh thep:
+ ) . ( 136 , 40 4 , 10 736 , 29
max
m !K a !K d 9 , 25 max
2. Tinh toan ni lc va ct thep:
Bo qua s lam vic ca canh, tinh toan theo tit din chu nht (bxh) (22x30)cm,
chiu cao lam vic ca tit din h
o
h - a 30 - 4 26cm. ta Dung
) . ( 136 , 40
max
m !K a
tinh toan ct thep.
Xac inh va kim tra iu kin han ch:
52
m

23 , 0
26 , 0 . 22 , 0 . 10 . 5 , 11
136 , 40
. .
2 3 2
1

" I
h I J
a
i voi btng cp bn B20, ct thep chiu lc A

II
tra bang co:
0,623,
0,429

867 , 0
2
23 , 0 . 2 1 1
2
. 2 1 1
+
m
Din tich ct thep cn thit:

36 , 6
26 . 280 . 867 , 0
10 . 136 , 40
. .
3
2
1

" s
%%
s
h J
a
M
(cm
2
)
CG~@ o oo Av }
M
_LX AK
o
%%
s
M
Ham luong ct thep:

32 , 1 100 .
26 . 22
6 , 7
100 .
.

"
s
h I
M
Ct doc cu tao chon 2 14
Tinh toan ct ai:
Kim tra iu kin chiu ct:
Q
max
25,9 kN 0,6.1,05.10
3
.0,22.0,36 45,36 kN
Nn khng tinh toan ct ai chiu ct ma chi t theo cu tao. Vy chon 6a150
cho pham vi 14 nhip va 6a200 cho giua nhip.
3. Tinh toan ct treo chiu lc tp trung P1, P2:
Kim tra iu kin:
P.(1-
se
"
s
M
h
h
. )
sw
%r"ng 3
P (kN): Tng tai trong tac dung tp
trung ln dm
P
1
16,52 kN, h
s
5cm
(16,52).(1-
26
5
) se
M .
sw
12,61 kN se
M .
sw
Dung ct treo 6 co
sw
175 MPa 17,5 kNcm
2
Din tich ct treo cn thit:
A
sw
72 , 0
5 , 17
61 , 12
cm
2
53
1
3
5
hs b hs
P+Q
h
s
h
o
Chon 36, s nhanh n2, khoang cach a50 va t theo cu tao trong pham vi
h
s
300
P
2
16,52 kN, h
s
5cm
(16,52).(1 -
26
5
) se
M .
sw
12,61 kN se
M .
sw
Dung ct treo 6 co
sw
175 MPa 17,5 kNcm
2
Din tich ct treo cn thit:
A
sw
72 , 0
5 , 17
61 , 12
cm
2
Chon 36, s nhanh n2, khoang cach a50 va t theo cu tao trong pham vi
h
s
300
V1 TNH T%N CN TH}NG C1Co:
So b chon tit din cn thang C1& C2: (bxh) (10x20)cm

54
1. Tinh toan tai trong tac dung:
- Trong luong btng:
g
b
n.
.b(h-h
b
) 1,1.25.0,1.(0,2-0,1) 0,275 kNm
- Trong luong vua trat:
g
v
n.
. .b2.(h-h
b
) 1,3.18.0,01.0,12.(0,2-0,1) 0,07 kNm
- Trong luong lan can tay vin khoang: g
lc
0,3 kNm
- Tai trong tinh toan do v thang truyn vao:
q q
v
. 516 , 6
2
5 , 1
. 677 , 8
2
1

&
kNm
Tai trong tinh toan tng cng tac dung ln cn thang:

q
c
g
b
g
v
g
lc
q 0,275 0,07 0,3 6,516 7,161 kNm
2. Tinh toan ni lc va ct thep:
Xem cn thang lam vic nhu dm on gian chiu tai trong phn b q
c
7.161 kNm.
Chiu dai tinh toan l
c
2,5 cos24
0
2,74 m.
So tinh nhu hinh v:
-Voi u 24
0
la goc nghing cn thang tu o suy ra lc phn b vung goc tac dung
ln cn phai la :
q
1
q
c
.cosu 7,161.cos24
0
6,78 KNm
NQY TÂ:
M
max
36 , 6
8
74 , 2 . 78 , 6
8
.
2 2
1

c
& Z
kN.m
Q
max
29 , 9
2
74 , 2 . 78 , 6
2
.
1

c
& Z
kN
Tl@G Dq`@ AkD DGO AGSI TÂ:
Chon a 4cm
h
o
h- a 20 - 4 16 cm
Xac inh va kim tra iu kin han ch:
m

216 , 0
16 , 0 . 1 , 0 . 10 . 5 , 11
78 , 6
. .
2 3 2
max

" I
h I J
a
i voi btng cp bn B20, ct thep chiu lc A

II
tra bang co:
0,623
0,429

877 , 0
2
216 , 0 . 2 1 1
2
. 2 1 1
+
m
Din tich ct thep cn thit:

55
72 . 1
16 . 280 . 877 , 0
10 . 78 , 6
. .
3
2
max

" s
%%
s
h J
a
M
(cm
2
)
Chon 1 16 co A
s
2,011cm
2
%%
s
M
Ham luong ct thep:

26 , 1 100 .
16 . 10
011 , 2
100 .
.

"
s
h I
M

1,26
1,5 Hop ly
Ct doc cu tao chon 1 14
3. Tinh toan ct ai:
-Kim tra s cn thit phai t ct ai:
Bo qua s anh huong ca lc doc nn
n
0
Q
bmin

b3
.(1
n
)
bt
.b.h
o
0,6(10).9.10.16 864 ( daN) 8,64 (kN) Chon
6a150.
Kim tra lai iu kin cuong trn tit din nghing theo ung sut nen chinh khi
co b tri ct ai ( 6a150) :
0 1 1
. . 3 , 0 h I J d
I I e
<
- voi
3 , 1 5 1
1
+
e e

dm b tri
150 6=
co:
078 . 0
10 . 27
10 . 21
; 0037 , 0
15 . 10
283 , 0 . 2
.
.
3
4

I
s se
e
f
f
s I
M n
1 0037 , 0 . 078 , 0 . 5 1
1
+
e
-
885 , 0 5 , 11 . 01 , 0 1 1
1

I I
J
> FK d FK h I J
I I e
29 , 9 85 , 48 16 , 0 . 1 , 0 . 10 . 5 , 11 . 885 , 0 . 1 . 3 , 0 . . 3 , 0
3
0 1 1

dm
kha nng chiu ung sut nen chinh
b tri ct ai:
- Khoang cach
cm &
,
685 2740 .
4
1
.
4
1

tinh tu gi ta, b tri ct ai
150 6=
Chon 6a200 cho phn con lai ca cn thang.
56
Dcn1
1
0
0
1
0
0
300
200
100
1
0
0
2800
1
6
5
0
BOTR THEP CON THANG TL:1/20
6
6
6
6
6
1
O
1
4
7
O
6
a
1
5
0
5
2
O
1
4
7
O
6
a
2
0
0
7
O
6
a
1
5
0
D?m san
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG V: TNH TON KHNG TUC 2
I1 5C 9NH NI L8C1
11 C Mf [À PS@G @QY TÂ AWV bgD ANI:
1111 2 P Dl@G:
So tinh ca cng trinh la so khung khng gian ngam tai mong.
- Thn cng trinh uoc coi ngam o mt ai, cao trinh -0,75 m.
- Ct, dm uoc coi la cac phn tu thanh
11o1 TdY DE~@C:
Tai trong tinh toan xac inh ni lc gm:
- Tinh tai: uoc cht ln toan b cng trinh
- Hoat tai : gm co hoat tai 1 va hoat tai 2 cht cach tng cach nhip nhm tim ra
truong hop nguy him nht cho dm va ct
- Tai trong gio bao gm gio trai va gio phai
11=1 PG@ KaK Dl@G Dq`@:
Su dung chuong trinh SAP2000 tinh toan ni lc ca cng trinh.
o1 KgD Id @QY TÂ:
So phn tu thanh:
57
Kt qua tinh toan sau khi kim tra uoc xut ra o phu luc km theo.
Kim tra v chuyn vi, dao ng cho phep, ap dung tiu chun muc 2.6.3 TCXD 198-
1997: Chuyn vi cho phep: IHl750.
58
H35.25m. Nn I 3525075047 mm
Cac s liu u vao uoc khai bao vao chuong trinh phn tich va tinh toan kt cu
SAP2000, kt qua tinh toan uoc xut ra o phu luc km theo.
II1 T+ HP NI L8C
1 1NCIJ?@ DsA AGI@C1
Sau khi kim tra kt qua tinh toan ta tin hanh t hop ni lc trn mt s tit din
nhm tim ra ni lc nguy him nht thit k cu kin.
Ni lc uoc t hop theo hai t hop co ban:
- T hop co ban 1: gm tinh tai cng voi mt truong hop hoat tai, trong o h s t
hop ly bng mt.
- T hop co ban 2: gm tinh tai cng voi hai truong hop hoat tai tro ln, trong o hoat
tai uoc nhn voi h s 0,9
Vic t hop nhu trn, gn ung o coi rng toan b hoat tai u la tai trong tam thoi
tac dung ngn han.
Cac truong hop tai trong bao gm:
- TTHT1
- TTHT2
- TTHT1HT2
- TTGT
- TTGP
- TT0,9HT10,9GT
- TT0,9HT10,9GP
- TT0,9HT20,9GT
- TT0,9HT20,9GP
- TT0,9(HT1HT2)0,9GT
- TT0,9(HT1HT2)0,9GP
o1 NCIJ?@ DsA D GO /K hr CQD1
o111 kY hwY ]K :
Ta t hop cho 3 tit din gm 2 tit din o u dm va 1 tit din o giua dm( tit din
co ni lc lon nht o giua dm)
o1o1 kY hwY AQD:
Mt oan ct trong mt tng t hop co 2 tit din la chn ct va u ct. T hop ni
lc ct : cn xet cac cp ni lc sau:
M
MAX
N
MAX
59
N
T
, Q
T
M
T
, Q
T
III1 TNH T%N THP CT
11 Tl@G Dq`@ AGq AQD D@C 1LoL=L; DEA !:
1.1. Ct tit din: bxh = 50x70 cm, l = 3,75 m Ct 11
B tng B20, thep AII tra bang ta uoc
0,623;
s
sc
280MPa; E
b
27.10
-3
MPa;
b
11,5MPa
Cac cp ni lc tinh toan
N
max
-532.8 T M
max
45.9 Tm
M
T
-2.65Tm Q
T
--19,25 T
Q
T
-2.11 T N
T
-484,363 T
Tinh cp ni lc N
max
-532.8 T; M -2.65Tm
Gia thit aa
`
6 cm ~ h
0
h-a 70-664 (cm)
-Tinh lch tm:
lch tm do ni lc : e
1

005 . 0
8 . 532
65 . 2

K
a
m 0.5cm
lch tm ngu nhin :
60
e
a
1
]
1
} 375
600
1
; 70
30
1
max }
60
1
;
30
1
max & h
max2,33;0,625}2.33 cm
~ lch tm ban u : e
0
max e
1
; e
a
} 2.33 (cm)
- Xet anh huong ca un doc:
h
&
0

Trong o l
0
.l ( 0,7 h s phu thuc vao lin kt o hai u ct)
~ l
0
0,7.3,75 2,625m ~
75 . 3
7 . 0
625 . 2

h
&"
8 khng k n un doc(
l
)
-Tinh lch tm tinh toan: eq.e
o
6
2
70
33 . 2 1
2
+ =
h
31.33 cm
-Tinh toan ct thep: x
1
7 . 92
50 115
532800
.

I JI
K
cm

.h
0
0,623.64 39.87 cm
Vy x
1
~
.h
0
~ lch tm be :
Ta co
= 8C
I
8 8
g J
5 h 5 I J H K
M M
.
) 5 , 0 ( . . .
0 '

Voi x
0
2
)
50 1
1
( h
J
J
+
64 )
49 . 0 . 50 1
623 . 0 1
623 . 0 (
2
+
+
41.72 (
49 . 0
64
33 . 31
0

h
H
)
~A'
S
A
S
06 . 39
58 . 2800
) 72 . 41 . 5 , 0 64 .( 72 . 41 . 50 . 115 33 . 31 . 532800 ) 5 , 0 .( . . .
0

8C
I
g J
5 h 5 I J H K
cm
2
Tinh cp ni lc N -484.363 T ; M
max
-46.6 Tm
Gia thit aa
`
6 cm ~ h
0
h-a 70-664 (cm)
-Tinh lch tm:
lch tm do ni lc : e
1

096 . 0
363 . 484
6 . 46

K
a
9,6cm
lch tm ngu nhin : e
a
1
]
1
} 375
600
1
; 70
30
1
max }
60
1
;
30
1
max & h
max2,33;0,625}2.33 cm
~ lch tm ban u : e
0
max e
1
; e
a
} 9,6 (cm)
h
&
0

Trong o l
0
61
~ l
0
0,7.3,75 2,625m ~
75 . 3
7 . 0
625 . 2

h
&"
khng k n un doc(
l
)
o
6
2
70
6 . 9 1
2
+ =
h
38.6 cm
1
24 . 84
50 115
484363
.

I JI
K
cm
.h
0
0,623.6439,87 cm
Vy x
1
~
.h
0
~ lch tm be :
Ta co
= 8C
I
8 8
g J
5 h 5 I J H K
M M
.
) 5 , 0 ( . . .
0 '

Voi x
0
2
)
50 1
1
( h
J
J
+
64 )
6 . 0 . 50 1
623 . 0 1
623 . 0 (
2
+
+
41.14 (
6 . 0
64
6 . 38
0

h
H
)
~ A'
S
A
S
9 . 48
58 . 2800
) 14 . 41 . 5 , 0 64 .( 14 . 41 . 50 . 115 6 , 38 . 484363 ) 5 , 0 .( . . .
0

8C
I
g J
5 h 5 I J H K
cm
2
Nhn xet: cp ni lc N
max

oi hoi luong ct thep b tri la lon nht. Nn ta b tri ct
thep theo A
s
A
`
s
48.9(cm
2
) ~ chon 16 20 co A
s
50.24 cm
2
4-4
. %Gnh t"n cPt =i ch" cBt3
d ~ 0,25d
max
0,25.307,5mm (d
max
: uong kinh lon nht ca ct doc).Chon ai I8.
Khoang cach giua cac ct ai:
oan ni buc: a
d
10.d
min
280mm.
oan con lai a
d
min(15d
min
15.28420, 500)420mm
(d
min
:

uong kinh be nht ca ct doc).
Vy chon I8a150 cho oan ni buc va I8a250 cho oan con lai
62
11o1 Cv DYgD ]Yc@: j[G ;0[X0 AKL T =L_< K AQD 1
B tng B20, thep AII tra bang ta uoc
0,623;
s
sc
280MPa; E
b
27.10
-3
MPa;
b
11,5MPa
Cac cp ni lc tinh toan
N
max
-348.57 T M
max
27.4 Tm
M
T
-25.24 Tm Q
T
-12.15 T
Q
T
-11.4 T N
T
304.06 T
Tinh cp ni lc N
max
-348.57 T; M -25.24Tm
Gia thit aa
`
6 cm ~ h
0
h-a 60-654 (cm)
-Tinh lch tm:
lch tm do ni lc : e
1

072 . 0
57 . 348
24 . 25

K
a
m 7,2cm
lch tm ngu nhin :
e
a
1
]
1
} 375
600
1
; 30
30
1
max }
60
1
;
30
1
max & h
max2;0,625}2 cm
~ lch tm ban u : e
0
max e
1
; e
a
} 7,2 (cm)
63
h
&
0

Trong o l
0
~ l
0
0,7.3,75 2,625m ~
75 . 3
7 . 0
625 . 2

h
&"
8 khng k n un doc(
l
)
o
6
2
60
2 . 7 1
2
+ =
h
31.2 cm
1
78 . 75
50 115
348570
.

I JI
K
cm
.h
0
0,623.64 39.87 cm
Vy x
1
~
.h
0
~ lch tm be :
Ta co
= 8C
I
8 8
g J
5 h 5 I J H K
M M
.
) 5 , 0 ( . . .
0 '

Voi x
0
2
)
50 1
1
( h
J
J
+
54 )
58 . 0 . 50 1
623 . 0 1
623 . 0 (
2
+
+
41.23 (
58 . 0
64
2 . 31
0

h
H
)
~A'
S
A
S
91 , 33
48 . 2800
) 23 , 41 . 5 , 0 64 .( 23 , 41 . 40 . 115 2 . 31 . 348570 ) 5 , 0 .( . . .
0

8C
I
g J
5 h 5 I J H K
cm
2
Tinh cp ni lc N -304.06 T ; M
max
-27.4 Tm
Gia thit aa
`
6 cm ~ h
0
h-a 60-654 (cm)
-Tinh lch tm:
lch tm do ni lc : e
1

09 . 0
06 . 304
4 . 27

K
a
9cm
lch tm ngu nhin : e
a
1
]
1
} 375
600
1
; 70
30
1
max }
60
1
;
30
1
max & h
max2,33;0,625}2.33 cm
~ lch tm ban u : e
0
max e
1
; e
a
} 9 (cm)
h
&
0

Trong o l
0
~ l
0
0,7.3,75 2,625m ~
75 . 3
7 . 0
625 . 2

h
&"
khng k n un doc(
l
)
o
6
2
60
9 1
2
+ =
h
33 cm

64
1
1 . 66
40 115
304060
.

I JI
K
cm
.h
0
0,623.6439,87 cm
Vy x
1
~
.h
0
~ lch tm be :
Ta co
= 8C
I
8 8
g J
5 h 5 I J H K
M M
.
) 5 , 0 ( . . .
0 '

Voi x
0
2
)
50 1
1
( h
J
J
+
64 )
611 . 0 . 50 1
623 . 0 1
623 . 0 (
2
+
+
41.1 (
611 . 0
54
33
0

h
H
)
~ A'
S
A
S
63 . 27
48 . 2800
) 1 , 41 . 5 , 0 64 .( 1 , 41 . 50 . 115 33 . 304060 ) 5 , 0 .( . . .
0

8C
I
g J
5 h 5 I J H K
cm
2
Nhn xet: cp ni lc N
max

oi hoi luong ct thep b tri la lon nht. Nn ta b tri ct
thep theo A
s
A
`
s
33.91(cm
2
) ~ chon 12 20co A
s
37.68 cm
2
l-l
$ %Gnh t"n cPt =i ch" cBt3
d ~ 0,25d
max
0,25.307,5mm (d
max
: uong kinh lon nht ca ct doc).Chon ai I8.
Khoang cach giua cac ct ai:
oan ni buc: a
d
10.d
min
280mm.
oan con lai a
d
min(15d
min
15.28420, 500)330mm
(d
min
:

uong kinh be nht ca ct doc).
Vy chon I8a150 cho oan ni buc va I8a250 cho oan con lai
Cac ct con lai tinh toan tuong t,kt qua uoc ghi trong bang
65
o1 KgD Id Dl@G Dq`@ De@C D^ AGq AÀ D@C bGÀ

IV1 TNH T%N THP /M1
111Tl@G Dq`@ OG@ DU ]K /<1/X0:
Vh cc ph)n ti E>17E?U c nBi &Oc g)n IWng nh=u nn t= &y nBi &Oc &n nht tr"ng Ing
tN h@p nBi &Oc tGnh t"n 1. IP trG ch" cc ,)m c9n &'i.
- Kich thuoc tit din dm : bh 300700
Tu bang t hop chon ra cp ni lc nguy him nht dm tinh toan
66
Cu
kin
Lc doc
N
(T)
Mome
nt M
(T.m)
Chiu
cao ct
(H)
b h
Lop
b.v
aa'
h
o
e
o
A
s
cm
2
Chon
thep
A
s
chon
cm
2
()
cm cm cm cm cm (cm) n 4
Ct
tng
1(2,3,
4)
Ct
giua
532.8 2.65 375 50 70 6 64 2.33 39.1 16 20 50.24 1.77
484.363 46.6 375 50 70 6 64 9.6 48.9 16 20 50.24 1.77
Ct
bin
348.57 25.24 375 40 60 6 54 7.2 33.9 12 20 37.68 1.15
304.06 27.4 375 40 60 6 54 9 27.63 12 20 37.68 1.15
Ct
tng
5(6,7)
Ct
giua
324.71 4.83 320 50 70 6 64 2.33 23.4 8 22 30.4 1.14
275.77 24.68 320 50 70 6 64 8.95 27.08 8 22 30.4 1.14
Ct
bin
223.95 11.83 320 40 60 6 54 6.1 23.13 8 20 25.12 1.69
198.13 12.12 320 40 60 6 54 7.21 18.83 8 20 25.12 1.69
Ct
tng
8(9,
10)
Ct
giua
170.48 2.69 320 50 70 6 64 2.33 10.94 6 22 22.8 1.9
149.01 12.71 320 50 70 6 64 9.87 19.65 6 22 22.8 1.9
Ct
bin
91.21 5.28 320 40 60 6 54 5.79 17.4 6 20 18.85 2.86
79.72 -5.42 320 40 60 6 54 6.8 15.5 6 20 18.85 2.86
67
Phn Tu Ni lc Gi trai (51) Bung (D60) Gi phai
M -52.63(Tm) 37.02(Tm) -52.63(Tm)
Q -24,39(T) 12,02(T) 24,39(T)
1111 TpY CkY DE`Y hr CkY OGdY ]K:
- Gia thit a 5 (cm) h
0
h-a 70 - 5 65 (cm)
- Ta co:
u
M
2 2
65 . 30 . 115
5263000
. .

" n
h I J
a
0.361u
0.429
0.5(1
a
2 1
)0.5(1
361 , 0 . 2 1
0.734
A
s
1 . 35
65 . 734 , 0 . 2800
5263000
. .
0

h J
a
8

cm2
68
Chon thep: 6 28 co A
S
36.95 (cm
2
)
89 . 1
65 . 30
95 , 36
.
0

h I
M
8

11o1 TpY j@C ]K:
- i voi m men duong, ta tinh nhu i voi dm tit din chu T voi cac kich thuoc
h 70 cm; h
0
65 cm; a 5 cm; b 30 cm; h
s
10 cm
Ta co: b
c
b2.c
1
Trong o: c
1
ly theo tri s b nht trong 3 tri s:
16 6816 113,5 cm
&
0
2 (681 - 65)2 308(cm)
9h
s
910 90 (cm)
vy b
c
30 290 210(cm)
- Xac inh vi tri truc trung hoa cua tit din:
M
c

b
b
c
h
s
(h
0
-0.5h
s
) 11521010(65 - 0.510) 14490000 kgcm ~ M
max
truc trung hoa qua canh.
Vy ta tinh toan dm voi tit din b
c
xh 21070(cm)
u
M
2 2
65 . 210 . 115
3702000
. .

" C n
h I J
a
0.036u
0.429
0.5(1
a
2 1
)0.5(1
036 , 0 . 2 1
0.982
A
s
71 . 20
65 . 982 , 0 . 2800
3702000
. .
0

h J
a
8

cm2
Chon thep: 225 va 2 28 co A
S
22.14(cm
2
)
14 . 1
65 . 30
14 . 22
.
0

h I
M
8

11=1 Tl@G Dq`@ AkD PVY AGq ]K
Qmax 25.76 (T) 25760 KG
on gian trong thi cng, ta tinh toan ct ai cho dm co lc ct lon nht va b tri
tuong t cho cac dm con lai.
Lc ct lon nht trong cac dm: Q
max
25760 KG
Kim tra iu kin han ch v lc ct: Q
max
k
0
.
n
.b.h
0
Trong o: k
0
: H s, voi b tng B20 thi k
0
0,35
V phai: VP 0,35.115.30.65 78487.5 (kG)
Q
max
25760(kG) 78487.5 (kG) Tho mn iu kin.
69
Kim tra iu kin: Q
max
0,6.
k
.b.h
0
25760 (kG) ~ 0,6.10,5.30.65 12285 (kG)
Nhu vy b tng khng kha nng chiu ct duoi tac dung ca ung sut nghing. Ta
cn phai tinh toan ct ai.
Chon uong kinh ct ai la 8 thep AI, co din tich tit din la a
S
0,503 cm
2
,
sc
2250 kGcm
2
.
S nhanh ct ai n 2.
Khoang cach tinh toan ca ct ai:
sc
.n.a
s
.
36
25760
65 . 30 . 5 , 10 . 8
. 503 , 0 . 2 . 2250
. . . 8
2
2
2
2
0

d
h I J
!
cm
khoang cach cc ai giua hai ct ai:

max
25760
65 . 30 . 5 , 10 . 5 , 1
. . . 5 , 1
2
2
0
d
h I J
!
77.5
Khoang cach ct ai theo cu tao oan gn gi ta
'

mm
h
j
ct
300
233 3
Voi dm co chiu cao h700mm)
Khoang cach ct ai theo cu tao oan giua dm
'

mm
h
j
ct
500
525 4 3
(Voi dm co chiu cao h700mm).
Vy ta chon khoang cach cac ct ai nhu sau:
2 u dm (khoang14 nhip dm) dung I8 a150mm.
Phn con lai dung I8 a250mm.
l0-l0
ll-ll
70
o1 Tl@G Dq`@ bYZK DEV OG@ DU ]K /;1/;;
Tu bang t hop chon ra cp ni lc nguy him nht tinh toan
Phn Tu Ni lc Gi trai (D42) Bung (D42) Gi phai (D41)
M -35.21(Tm) 16.2(Tm) -41.49(Tm)
Q -17.2(T) 16,9(T) 16.7(T)
o111 TpY CkY DE`Y ]K /;1:
0
h-a 70 - 5 65 (cm)
- Ta co:
u
M
2 2
65 . 30 . 115
3521000
. .

" n
h I J
a
0.242u
0.429
0.5(1
a
2 1
)0.5(1
242 , 0 . 2 1
0.859
A
s
11 . 22
65 . 859 , 0 . 2800
3521000
. .
0

h J
a
8

cm2
71
Chon thep: 2 28 2 25co A
S
22.14 (cm
2
)
14 . 1
65 . 30
14 , 22
.
0

h I
M
8

o1o1 TpY CkY OGdY ]K /;1:
0
h-a 70 - 5 65 (cm)
- Ta co:
u
M
2 2
65 . 30 . 115
4149000
. .

" n
h I J
a
0.285u
0.429
0.5(1
a
2 1
)0.5(1
285 , 0 . 2 1
0.828
A
s
53 . 27
65 . 828 , 0 . 2800
4149000
. .
0

h J
a
8

cm2
S
28.29 (cm
2
)
45 . 1
65 . 30
29 . 28
.
0

h I
M
8

o1=1 TpY j@C ]K:
h 70 cm; h
0
65 cm; a 5 cm; b 30 cm; h
s
10 cm
Ta co: b
c
b2.c
1
Trong o: c
1
16 8006 133,3 cm
&
0
2 (800 - 65)2 367,5(cm)
9h
s
910 90 (cm)
vy b
c
30 290 210(cm)
M
c

b
b
c
h
s
(h
0
-0.5h
s
) 11521010(65 - 0.510) 14490000 kgcm ~ M
max
c
xh 21070(cm)
u
M
2 2
65 . 210 . 115
1620000
. .

" C n
h I J
a
0.016u
0.429
0.5(1
a
2 1
)0.5(1
016 , 0 . 2 1
0.992
A
s
3 . 9
65 . 992 , 0 . 2800
1620000
. .
0

h J
a
8

cm2
Chon thep: 225 co A
S
9.82(cm
2
)
72
5 . 0
65 . 30
82 . 9
.
0

h I
M
8

o1;1 Tl@G Dq`@ AkD PVY AGq ]K
Qmax 21.5 (T) 21500 KG
on gian trong thi cng, ta tinh toan ct ai cho dm co lc ct lon nht va b tri
tuong t cho cac dm con lai.
Lc ct lon nht trong cac dm: Q
max
17200 KG
Kim tra iu kin han ch v lc ct: Q
max
k
0
.
n
.b.h
0
Trong o: k
0
: H s, voi b tng B20 thi k
0
0,35
V phai: VP 0,35.115.30.65 78487.5 (kG)
Q
max
17200(kG) 78487.5 (kG) Tho mn iu kin.
Kim tra iu kin: Q
max
0,6.
k
.b.h
0
17200 (kG) ~ 0,6.10,5.30.65 12285 (kG)
Nhu vy b tng khng kha nng chiu ct duoi tac dung ca ung sut nghing. Ta
cn phai tinh toan ct ai.
Chon uong kinh ct ai la 8 thep AI, co din tich tit din la a
S
0,503 cm
2
,
sc
2250 kGcm
2
.
S nhanh ct ai n 2.
Khoang cach tinh toan ca ct ai:
sc
.n.a
s
.
46 , 81
17200
65 . 30 . 5 , 10 . 8
. 503 , 0 . 2 . 2250
. . . 8
2
2
2
2
0

d
h I J
!
cm
khoang cach cc ai giua hai ct ai:

max
17200
65 . 30 . 5 , 10 . 5 , 1
. . . 5 , 1
2
2
0
d
h I J
!
116 cm
Khoang cach ct ai theo cu tao oan gn gi ta
'

mm
h
j
ct
300
233 3
Voi dm co chiu cao h700mm)
Khoang cach ct ai theo cu tao oan giua dm
'

mm
h
j
ct
500
525 4 3
(Voi dm co chiu cao h700mm).
Vy ta chon khoang cach cac ct ai nhu sau:
2 u dm (khoang14 nhip dm) dung I8 a150mm.
Phn con lai dung I8 a250mm.
73
7-7
8-8 9-9
=1Tl@G Dq`@ bYZK DEV OG@ DU ]K /;</;_
Tu bang t hop chon ra cp ni lc nguy him nht tinh toan
74
Phn Tu Ni lc Gi traI Bung Gi phai
D45
M -23.84(Tm) 12.17(Tm) -34.46(Tm)
Q -14.25(T) 15.15(T) 10.23(T)
=111 TpY CkY DE`Y ]K /;<:
0
h-a 70 - 5 65 (cm)
- Ta co:
u
M
2 2
65 . 30 . 115
2384000
. .

" n
h I J
a
0.228u
0.429
0.5(1
a
2 1
)0.5(1
228 , 0 . 2 1
0.868
A
s
22 . 17
65 . 868 , 0 . 2800
2384000
. .
0

h J
a
8

cm2
Chon thep: 2 252 22co A
S
17.42 (cm
2
)
76 . 0
65 . 30
73 . 14
.
0

h I
M
8

=1o1 TpY CkY OGdY ]K /;<:
0
h-a 70 - 5 65 (cm)
- Ta co:
u
M
2 2
65 . 30 . 115
3446000
. .

" n
h I J
a
0.33u
0.429
0.5(1
a
2 1
)0.5(1
22 , 0 . 2 1
0.791
A
s
28 . 28
65 . 863 , 0 . 2800
3446000
. .
0

h J
a
8

cm2
S
28.29 (cm
2
)
14 . 1
65 . 30
14 . 22
.
0

h I
M
8

=1=1 TpY j@C ]K:
h 70 cm; h
0
65 cm; a 5 cm; b 30 cm; h
s
10 cm
Ta co: b
c
b2.c
1
Trong o: c
1
16 8006 133,3 cm
&
0
2 (800 - 65)2 367,5(cm)
75
9h
s
910 90 (cm)
vy b
c
30 290 210(cm)
M
c

b
b
c
h
s
(h
0
-0.5h
s
) 11521010(65 - 0.510) 14490000 kgcm ~ M
max
c
xh 21060(cm)
u
M
2 2
65 . 210 . 115
1217000
. .

" C n
h I J
a
0.117u
0.429
0.5(1
a
2 1
)0.5(1
117 , 0 . 2 1
0.938
A
s
43 . 8
65 . 994 , 0 . 2800
1217000
. .
0

h J
a
8

cm2
Chon thep: 225 co A
S
9.81(cm
2
)
39 . 0
65 . 30
6 . 7
.
0

h I
M
8

l2-l2
l3-l3
l4-l4
;1 !d@C D@C GO bgD Id Dl@G Dq`@ AGq AÀ ]K1
- Cac dm D61-D70 ly i xung sang, ct ai chon theo kt qua tinh toan o trn.
Dm M (T.m) h
o
u
M
A
S
tinh A
S
chon cm
2
) m
Gi Nhip (cm) (cm
2
) Thep chon A
S
()
D41-D44 35.21 65 0.242 20.69 228225 22.14 1.14
76
16.81 65 0.016 9.3 225 9.82 0.5
41.49 65 0.285 27.53 225328 28.29 1.45
D45-D47
23.84 55 0.228 17.82 225222 17.42 0.76
14.17 55 0.012 8.43 225 9.82 0.39
34.46 55 0.236 26.28 228325 27.04 1.14
D48-D50
8.79 50 102 8.64 225 9.82 0.32
9.66 50 0.01 8.32 225 9.82 0.32
29.65 50 0.199 17.24 2 222 25 17.42 0.95
D51-D54
52.63 65 0.361 35.1 628 36.95 1.89
24.24 65 0.036 20.71 225228 22.14 1.14
52.63 65 0.361 35.1 628 36.95 1.89
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG VI: THIT K MONG
I1 KH% 2T 9} CH{T
1 mA PYZK AB@C DEF@G
Tn cng trinh : Chung cu 10 tng A1- Khu thi Hung Dung - TP Vinh - Ngh An
ia im xy dng : thanh ph Vinh-Ngh An.
Cng trinh cao 10 tng
Phn thn cng trinh chon va tinh toan la khung b tng ct thep toan khi, san
tai ch.
Nha khung b tng ct thep co:
S
gh
8cm
S
gh
0,001
o 1SV AGND
Khu vc xy dng tuong i bng phng tu trn xung gm cac lop t :
- 1. Lop 1 co chiu day 2m
- 4. Lop 4 co chiu day v cung
Mc nuoc ngm o vi tri rt su, khng xut hin trong pham vi khao sat.
Tru ia cht
77
78
anh gia iu kin ia cht
Lop 1 yu
Lop 2 lop t trung binh nhung thin v th yu
Lop 3 tuong i tt nhung chiu day mong
Lop 4 la lop t tt co chiu day c cung
xut phuong an
Ta chon phuong an mong coc ai thp coc ong BTCT ai t vao lop 1 mui coc ha
xung lop 4
Phuong an nay d thi cng gia thanh thp
=1 Tl@G Dq`@ DdY DE~@C DÀ ]@C T?@ Kv@C1
ml ml ml ml ml ml
ml
ml
ml
ml ml ml ml ml ml ml
d
c
b
a
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gml
ml
G
m
4
G
m
5
ml
d ml ml
d ml ml
m2
m2 m2 m2 m2 m2 m2
m2 m2 m2
m3
d
c
b
a
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
m3
G
m
4
G
m
4
G
m
6
G
m
5
G
m
5
G
m
6
G
m
5
G
m
4
G
m
4
G
m
5
G
m
6
G
m
5
G
m
5
G
m
6
G
m
5
G
m
5
G
m
6
G
m
5
G
m
5
G
m
6
G
m
5
G
m
4
Gml
Gml
Gm3 Gm3 Gm3
Gm2 Gm2 Gm2
Gml Gml Gml
%hH" sP &iu *= cht !h" st
7Vi mng a1
Tit din ging mong truc 8: h
)
12
1
10
1
(
.7700 (641-770)
Chon h700 mm
b(0,3-0,5).h (0,3-0,5).800 (240-400) chon h300mm.
tit din ging mong bxh700x300 mm.

Trong luong ging mong truc A: N
A
b.h.l.
.n0,3.0,7.6,5.2,5.1,13.75 T
79
Trong luong ging mong truc 2: N
2
b.h.l.
.n0,3.0,7.72.2,5.1,12,02 T
Tai trong tuong truc A G
1
1,08.6,5.0,74.91
Tai trong tuong truc 2 G
2
1,08.72.0,72.65
Trong luong ct tng trt N
C
b.h.l.
.n0,4.0,6.3,75.2,5.1,13,14 T
Tng lc doc tac dung ln mong : 3.752,024.912.653,14 16.47 T
Tu bang t hop ni lc ta ly cp ni lc nguy him nht o chn ct
Mong Ct truc Tit din ct
Ni lc t hop
N(T)
M(T.m) Q(T)
M1 A-8 400x600 -348.57 25.24 -11,4
Ta co
0
tt
g c
K K K + G (khng co tuong xy trn ging)
Trong o: g
K
Trong luong ban thn ging mong.
c
K
Trong luong ban thn ct.
N -(348,5716.47) 365.04 T
Vy ta s co bang sau
Ni lc tinh toan
N(T)
M(T.m) Q(T)
M1 A-2 400x600 -365.04 25.67 -11,4
-Vi mng a2
Trong luong ging mong truc B: N
A
b.h.l.
.n0,3.0,7.6,5.2,5.1,13.75 T
Trong luong ging mong truc 2: N
2
b.h.l.
.n0,3.0,7.
(727,72).2,5.1,14.14 T
Tai trong tuong truc B G
1
1.08.6,5.0,74.91
Tai trong tuong truc 2 G
2
1.08.72.0,72.65
Trong luong ct tng trt N
C
b.h.l.
.n0,5.0,7.3,75.2,5.1,13.61 T
Tng lc doc tac dung ln mong : 3.754.144.912.653,61 19.06 T
Tu bang t hop ni lc ta ly cp ni lc nguy him nht o chn ct
Ni lc t hop
N(T)
M(T.m) Q(T)
M1 A-8 500x700 -527.3 6,84 -14.56
80
Ta co
0
tt
g c
K K K + G (khng co tuong xy trn ging)
Trong o: g
K
Trong luong ban thn ging mong.
c
K
Trong luong ban thn ct.
N -(527.319.06) - 546.36 T
Vy ta s co bang sau
Ni lc tinh toan
N(T)
M(T.m) Q(T)
M1 A-2 400x600 -546.36 6,84 -14.56
II1 PH-NG PHP THI C(NG V7 VuT LIU MNG
11 rY A~A :
B tng : B25 co
b
1450Tm
2
;
bt
105Tm
2
Ct thep : thep chiu lc trong ai la thep loai CII co
s
28000Tm
2
Lop lot ai : b tng B15 day 10 cm.
ai lin kt ngoam voi ct va coc.Thep ca coc neo trong ai 20d (o y chon
50cm ) va u coc trong ai 10cm
o1 C~A PA M@ :
B tng : B25 co
b
1450Tm
2
;
bt
105Tm
2
Ct thep : thep chiu lc CII , ai - CI.
Cac chi tit cu tao xem ban v.
=1 Tl@G AGYaI M\I H
K
Tinh h
min
chiu su chn mong yu cu nho nht :

0
0 0
min
6 20' 11, 99
45 1, 77( )
2 0, 75.2
0, 7. 45 . 0, 7
2 .
m
d
h tg tg
I
_
_

,
,

chon h
0
2m
Trong o: Q 11,99 (T) ly trong bang t hop ni lc.
b: b rng ai cho so b b 2m
: dung trong t nhin ca lop 1

: goc ma sat trong ca lop t 1

III1 CH:N CC &C TR-NG V7 TNH 2CT C|} MNG C:C
11 KlAG DGewA A~A1
81
- Vi cng trinh co tai trong lon va cac lop t bn trn la lop t yu. Lop t thu 4 k
th ep coc su vao uoc vi vy ta chon tit din coc 40x40 cm ct thep doc chiu lc 4 16
Ta cm coc su 1m vao trong lop 4, oan ngam vao ai 50cm tin hanh p 40cm
tro ct thep ngam vao ai coc, phn b tng coc ngam vao trong ai 10cm, coc i qua lop
b tng lot 10cm
- Tng chiu dai lam vic ca coc : l
c
(2-2681) 15m
- Chiu dai coc 15.40,40,10,1 15,6m.
Ta dung 2 oan coc 1 oan dai 8m va 7.6m
o 12iA AGSI DdY AWV A~A
o111 2iA AGSI DdY AWV A~A DGq hRD TYcI3
P
VL
m. .(
b
A
b

a
A
s
)
Trong o:
m :h s iu kin lam vic phu thuc vao loai coc va s luong coc trong mong. Chon
m1, 1.
A
s
: Din tich ct thep, A
s
4.3,14.1,6
2
4 8,0384 cm
2
A
b
: Din tich phn b tng, A
b
A
c
- A
s
0,4
2
8,04.10
-4
0,159 m
2
P
VL
1.(1400.0,159 28000. 8,04.10
-4
) 245,112 T
o1o1 2iA AGSI DdY AWV A~A DGq @a@ PND:
$ (h#0ng php thPng ! 3
Ta co
gh s c
( d d +

Trong o Q
s
: la suc khang do ma sat o quanh chu vi
Q
c
: suc khang mui coc
Suc khang do ma sat o quanh chu vi
2
1
. .
n
s i i i
i
d u &
: h s anh huong ca phuong phap ha coc, voi coc ong 2

1
u
i
: chu vi coc u
i
0,3.4 1,2m
l
i :
chiu dai oan coc thu i
i
: ma sat on vi phu thuc vao tn t, trang thai...

82
83
Ta lp bang sau
oan Loai t l
i
(m) z
i
(m) i
(kPa)
.
i i
&
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
t set pha deo mm, B0,65
Cat pha deo cung, B0,5
Cat soi
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
16,5
11
13,5
14,25
26,5
27,2
27,6
28
74,32
22
27
28,5
53
54,4
55,2
56
74.32
Tng 370.42
Vy ta co Q
s
1.1,6.370.42 592.672 kN 59.27 T
Suc khang o mui coc 1
. .
c n
d J k

Trong o 1
h s k n anh huong ca phuong phap ha coc 2

1
n
phu thuc vao H voi H17m, t cat soi ta ni suy ra
n
12096 kPa
Q
c
1.12096.0,4
2
1935,36 kN 193,54 T
Vy ta co P
gh
Q
s
Q
c
59.27193.54 252.81 T
Coc chiu nen co h s an toan F
s
1,4
Suc chiu tai gioi han la P

1

4 , 1
81 . 252
8
gh
k
(
180.58T
$ 8i ,-ng !t Zu thG nghim 5uyn t6nh C(% 3
Tuong t ta co
gh s c
( d d +

max
1 1
. . . .min ; }
n n
ci ci
s i i i i i
i i
i i
Z Z
d u & u &

84
oan 1 voi l
1
6m, q
c2
2060kPa, set pha deo mm, coc ong.
Ta tra bang
2
40
, 2
80!(=
2
2max
2
2060
min ; }min ;80}min51,5;80}51,5kPa
40
c
Z
oan 2 voi l
2
8m, q
c3
2950kPa, cat pha deo cung, coc ong.
Ta tra bang
3
40
, 3
80!(=
2
2max
2
2950
min ; }min ;80}min73,75;80}73,75kPa
40
c
Z
85
oan 3 voi l
3
1m, q
c4
21500kPa, cat soi, coc ong.
Ta tra bang
4
150
, 4
150!(=
4
4max
4
21500
min ; }min ;150}min143,3;150}143,3kPa
150
c
Z
Q
s
1,6.( 6.51,58.73,751.143,3) 1667.68kN 166.77 T
Suc khang o mui coc . .
c cn
d F k Z

K 0,4
cn
Z
suc khang xuyn mui ca lop thu n (n4)
Q
c
0,4.0,4
2
.21500 1376 kN 137,6T
Vy ta co P
gh
Q
s
Q
c
166.77137,6 304.37 T
H s an toan F
s
2 3 chon F
s
2,5

2

5 , 2
37 . 304
8
gh
k
(
121.75 T
$ 8i ,-ng !t Zu thG nghim 5uyn tiu chuln 8(% 3
86
Ta co gh s c
( d d +
Trong o :
2
1
. .K .
n
s i i i
i
d u & K
Voi coc ong K

2
2 kNm
2
N
i
tri s SPT trung binh ca cac lop t coc i qua.
Q
s
1,6.2.( 6.118.171.44) 787.2 kN 78.72T
87
Suc khang o mui coc 1
. .
c n
d F K k
Voi coc ong K
1
400 kNm
2
N
n
tri s SPT trung binh ca cac lop t o mui coc.
Q
c
400.44.0,4
2
2816 kN 281,6T
Vy ta co P
gh
Q
s
Q
c
78.72281,6 360.32 T
H s an toan F
s
2 3 chon F
s
2,5

3

5 , 2
32 . 360
8
gh
k
(
144.13 T
Ta lai co P
t
minP
1
,P
2
, P
3
} min 180.58; 121.75; 144.13}121.75T
Vy suc chiu tai cho phep ca coc P minP
VL
; P
t
}min245,112; 121.75}
121.75T
IV. THIT K MONG M1
11 CG~@ Mk Te@C A~A hr jk DEl:
S luong coc d kin su dung
.
P
K
n

Trong o
1, 2 2
, chon 1.3
n 9 . 3 3 , 1 .
75 . 121
04 . 365

chon n 4 coc ta b tri nhu hinh v :
6
0
0
6
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
7
0
0
1
9
0
0
250 750
1000
2
5
0
4
0
0
600
4
0
0
400
2200
300
3
0
0
MONG M1
750
1000
250
100
2
5
0
100
Tu vic b tri trn ta co uoc kich thuoc ai B

x H

2 x 1,7m
88
Chon h
ai
1,2m
h
0i
1,2-0,11,1m
o1 TdY DE~@C DÀ ]@C T?@ A~A
Theo gia thit gn ung coi coc chi chiu tai doc truc va chi chiu nen hoc chiu keo
Ta co:
0 0
2 2 2
1 1 1
. x .x
.
x x
tt tt
y i y i
5 i
i
n n n
i i i
i i i
a a
K a y K
(
n n
y

+ + +

Trong o:M
y
M
0
tt
Q
0
.h
md
25,6711,4.248.47 T.m
N
0
tt
N
dat
365.041,1.2.1,7.2.2380 T.m
Ta co :
p
1
p
3
84 . 78
75 , 0 . 4
) 75 , 0 .( 47 , 48
4
380
2

+
T
p
2
p
4
16 . 111
75 , 0 . 4
75 , 0 . 47 , 48
4
380
2
+
T
Tt ca cac coc u chiu nen.

=1 Tl@G Dq`@ bYZK DEV A~A1
=111 TEq@C CYVY Pqp@ MU ]@C1
Ta co P
max
G
coc
P
Trong o: P
max
P
2
P
4
111.16 T
G
coc
n. It
.F.l
c
1,1.2,5.0,4
2
.15,6 6.86T
P
max
G
coc
111.166.86 118.02 T P 121.75 T
Vy tt ca cac coc u kha nng chiu tai.
=1o1 TEq@C CYVY Pqp@ DGY AB@C1
-Khi vn chuyn
Tai phn b q
.F.n trong o n la h s khi ng, n 1,
q 2,5.0,4
2
.1,4 0,56 Tm
Chon a 0,207.l
c
0,207.7 1,449 m thi M
-

2 2
1
0,56.1, 449
0,59 .
2 2
Z=
a % m
89
-Truong hop treo coc ln gia bua
M
-
thi b 0,294.l
c
0,294.7 2,058 m

2 2
2
0, 56.2, 056
1,18 .
2 2
ZI
a % m
Ta thy M
2
~ M
1
ta dung M
2
tinh toan
Ly a
bv
3cm
Chiu cao lam vic ca ct thep h

0
30-3 27cm

4
2
2
0
1,18.10
1, 73
0,9. . 0, 9.28000.0, 27
=
=
a
k cm
J h

Ct thep doc chiu lc la 4 16 la hoan toan kha nng chiu lc.
-Tinh toan ct thep lam moc cu
Lc keo o moc cu trong truong hop cu lp moc coc la
2
2
!
Z&
k
I
Lc keo 1 nhanh la
'
2
!
k!
k
90
Ct thep o mt nhanh:
2 2 2 4
2
1 0, 56.7 .10
. . 0, 99
2 2 2.4, 942.28000
= = =
=
Z& Z&
k J k cm
I I J
> >
Chon 1 12 co F
a
1,13cm
2
-Chon bua thich hop : Theo kinh nghim voi l
c
12 m chon Q
bua
2,5T
;11 KYZK DEV D@C DGZ PrY A~A
4.1 Kin t! "# l$c d%&i '"( m)n* +h,i
91
Ta mo tu lop 4 ra mt goc 30
0
-Kich thuoc mong khi quy uoc nhu sau :
L
qu
1,50,42.tan30
0
.1 3,02m
B
qu
1,20,42.tan30
0
.1 2,72m
H
qu
17m
-Tng tai trong ca khi mong nay la:
0 Zu i c
K K K K + +
Trong o: N
0
: tai trong tai chn tuong
N
i
: trong luong khi t thu i ma coc i qua N
i
N
1
N
2
N
1
L
qu
.B
qu
.h
m
. tI
3,02.2,72.2.2 32,86 T
N
2
L
qu
.B
qu
.
4
1
.
i i
i
h
3,02.2,72.( 6.1,848.1,821.1,82) 225,2 T

N
c
n.F.l
c
. It
4.0,4
2
.15.2,5 30 T
92
Vy tng tai trong thng ung duoi ay ai la :
0 1 2
(N N )
Zu c
K K K + + +
365,04(32,86225,2)30 653,1 T
-p lc tai ay mong khi quy uoc la :

5 , 79
72 , 2 . 02 , 3
1 , 653

Zu
Zu
k
K
(
Tm
2

P
max
78 , 126
72 , 2 . 02 , 3
6 ). 17 . 4 , 11 67 , 25 (
5 , 79
2

+
+ +
m
a
(
Tm
2

-Theo Terzaghi ta co :
'
0, 5. . . . . . . . .
gh Zu Z Z mZu c c
( n K Y n K D n K c
+ +
Voi 43
0
ni suy ra
K
218,66
Z
K
136,5
c
K
141,66
n
1-0,2.
78 , 0
72 , 2
02 , 3
. 2 , 0 1
Zu
Zu
X
Y

1
Z
n
n
C
10,2.
22 , 1
72 , 2
02 , 3
. 2 , 0 1 +
Zu
Zu
X
Y
' 3
1,8
tI
% m

P
gh
0,5.0,78.218,66.1,82.3,021.136,5.1,8.150 4154 Tm
2
Chon h s an toan F
s
3

Suc chiu tai cho phep
1384
3
4154

s
gh
k
(
(
Tm
2
Kim tra iu kin
'
<
<
'
<
<
1384 . 2 , 1 78 , 126
1384 5 , 79
2 , 1

max
( (
( (
Nn t duoi mui coc kha nng chiu lc.
4.-. Kim t! l.n.
Ta co :
93
P
gl
13 , 42 15 . 8 , 1
15 , 1
5 , 79
.
m
h
n
(
T
lun
2
0
0
1
. . .
g& Zu
8 ( Y
f
Trong o:
phu thuc vao ty s

18 , 1
7 , 1
2

Zu
Zu
d
X

1,06

2
0
. 2.2150 4300
c
f Z % m
S42,13.2,72.1,06.
cm 57 , 2 10 .
4300
3 , 0 1
2
2
S2.57 cm S
gh
8 cm ~ Mong M1 am bao iu kin lun
<1 Tl@G Dq`@ bYZK DEV PrY A~A
<111 KYZK DEV PrY A~A DE?@ DYgD ]Yc@ @CGY?@C1
Ta thy thap m thng bao trum toan b mt bng coc vi vy ai mong khng bi m
thng
<1o1 Tl@G Dq`@ AkD DGO1
-Xet tai mt ct 1-1
M men:M
ng
1-1
r
1
.(p
2
P
4
)0,45.2.111,16100,04 T.m
94
Din tich ct thep yu cu:
01 , 36
1 , 1 . 28000 . 9 , 0
10 . 04 , 100
. . 9 , 0
4
0
1 1

h J
a
M
=
ng
s
cm
2
Chon thep 20 a
s
3,142 cm
2
S thanh thep cn thit la :
46 , 11
142 , 3
01 , 36
20
8
s
=
M
n
chon n12 thanh
Khoang cach giua cac thanh la : 5 , 154
1 12
10 . 7 , 1
1
3
n
I
= mm, chon a150mm.
Ham luong ct thep la :
2 , 0
1 , 1 . 7 , 1
10 . 142 , 3 . 12
.
4
0

h I
M
%%
s

0,2C(0,150,4) hop li

Vy ta chon 12 a150
-Xet mt 2-2
M men: M
ng
2-2
r
2
.(p
1
P
2
)0,4.(111,1678,84)76 T.m

Din tich ct thep yu cu: 41 , 27
1 , 1 . 28000 . 9 , 0
10 . 76
. . 9 , 0
4
0
2 2

h J
a
M
=
ng
s
cm
2
Chon thep 16 a
s
2,011 cm
2
63 , 13
011 , 2
41 , 27
20
8
s
=
M
n
chon n14 thanh
1 14
10 . 2
1
3
n
I
= mm, chon a150mm.
13 , 0
1 , 1 . 2
10 . 011 , 2 . 14
.
4
0

h I
M
%%
s

0,13C(0,150,4) khng hop li. Ly theo cu tao

Vy ta chon 13418 co a
S
2,545 cm
2
1 13
10 . 2
1
3
n
I
= mm, chon a160mm.
15 , 0
1 , 1 . 2
10 . 545 , 2 . 13
.
4
0

h I
M
%%
s

Vy ta chon 13 a160
95
6
0
0
6
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
7
0
0
1
9
0
0
250 750
1000
2
5
0
4
0
0
600
4
0
0
400
O18a160
6O20
2200
1
2O14
3
300
300
3
0
0
7
6
MONG M1
6O20
1
O20a150
750
1000
250
100
2
5
0
100
V. THIT K MONG M2
11 CG~@ Mk Te@C A~A hr jk DEl:
S luong coc d kin su dung
.
P
K
n

Trong o
1, 2 2
, chon 1.3
n 83 . 5 3 , 1 .
75 . 121
36 . 546

chon n 6 coc ta b tri nhu hinh v :
96
3
0
0
7
5
0
7
5
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
250 250 1200 1200
100 1450 1450
2
5
0
2
5
0
5
0
0
700
4
0
0
400
3100
300
3
0
0
MONG M2
100
Tu vic b tri trn ta co uoc kich thuoc ai B

x H

2,9 x 2m
Chon h
ai
1,2m
h
0i
1,2-0,11,1m
o1 TdY DE~@C DÀ ]@C T?@ A~A1
Theo gia thit gn ung coi coc chi chiu tai doc truc va chi chiu nen hoc chiu keo
Ta co:
0 0
2 2 2
1 1 1
. x .x
.
x x
tt tt
y i y i
5 i
i
n n n
i i i
i i i
a a
K a y K
(
n n
y

+ + +

Trong o:M
y
M
0
tt
Q
0
.h
md
6.8414.56.235.96 T.m
N
0
tt
N
dat
546.361,1.3.5.1,7.2.2572.54 T.m
Ta co :
p
1
p
4
93 . 87
2 , 1 . 4
) 2 , 1 .( 96 . 35
6
54 . 572
2

+
T
p
3
p
6
92 . 102
2 , 1 . 4
) 2 , 1 .( 96 . 35
6
54 . 572
2
+
T
p
2
p
5
42 . 95
6
54 . 572
Tt ca cac coc u chiu nen.

97
=1 Tl@G Dq`@ bYZK DEV A~A1
=111 TEq@C CYVY Pqp@ MU ]@C1
Ta co P
max
G
coc
P
Trong o: P
max
P
1
P
4
102.92 T
G
coc
n. It
.F.l
c
1,1.2,5.0,4
2
.15,6 6.86T
P
max
G
coc
102.926.86 109.78 T P 121.75 T
Vy tt ca cac coc u kha nng chiu tai.
=1o1 TEq@C CYVY Pqp@ DGY AB@C1
(ging mong M1)
;1 KYZK DEV D@C DGZ PrY A~A1
4.1. Kim t! "# l$c d%&i '"( m)n* +h,i
Ta mo tu lop 4 ra mt goc 30
0
98
-Kich thuoc mong khi quy uoc nhu sau :
L
qu
2.40,42.tan30
0
.1 3.95m
B
qu
1,50,42.tan30
0
.1 3.05m
H
qu
17m
-Tng tai trong ca khi mong nay la:
0 Zu i c
K K K K + +
Trong o: N
0
: tai trong tai chn tuong
N
i
: trong luong khi t thu i ma coc i qua N
i
N
1
N
2
N
1
L
qu
.B
qu
.h
m
. tI
3,95.2,72.2.2 42.98 T
N
2
L
qu
.B
qu
.
4
1
.
i i
i
h
3,95.3,05.( 6.1,848.1,821.1,82) 330.3 T

N
c
n.F.l
c
. It
6.0,4
2
.15.2,5 36 T
Vy tng tai trong thng ung duoi ay ai la :
0 1 2
(N N )
Zu c
K K K + + +
546.36(42,98330,3)36 955.62T
-p lc tai ay mong khi quy uoc la :

33 . 80
05 , 3 . 95 , 3
62 , 955

Zu
Zu
k
K
(
Tm
2

P
max
4 , 112
05 , 3 . 95 , 3
6 ). 17 . 56 , 14 84 . 6 (
33 , 80
2

+
+ +
m
a
(
Tm
2

-Theo Terzaghi ta co :
'
0, 5. . . . . . . . .
gh Zu Z Z mZu c c
( n K Y n K D n K c
+ +
Voi 43
0
ni suy ra
K
218,66
Z
K
136,5
c
K
141,66
n
1-0,2.
74 , 0
05 , 3
95 , 3
. 2 , 0 1
Zu
Zu
X
Y

1
Z
n
n
C
10,2.
26 , 1
05 , 3
95 , 3
. 2 , 0 1 +
Zu
Zu
X
Y
' 3
1,8
tI
% m

P
gh
0,5.0,74.218,66.1,82.3,951.136,5.1,8.150 4267Tm
2
Chon h s an toan F
s
3

Suc chiu tai cho phep
99
1422
3
4267

s
gh
k
(
(
Tm
2
Kim tra iu kin
'
<
<
'
<
<
1422 . 2 , 1 4 , 112
1422 33 , 80
2 , 1

max
( (
( (
Nn t duoi mui coc kha nng chiu lc.
4.-. Kim t! l.n.
Ta co :
P
gl
85 , 42 15 . 8 , 1
15 , 1
33 , 80
.
m
h
n
(
T
lun
2
0
0
1
. . .
g& Zu
8 ( Y
f
Trong o:
phu thuc vao ty s

3 , 1
05 , 3
95 , 3

Zu
Zu
d
X

1,07

2
0
. 2.2150 4300
c
f Z % m
S42,85.3,05.1,07.
cm 96 , 2 10 .
4300
3 , 0 1
2
2
S2,96 cm S
gh
8 cm ~ Mong M2 am bao iu kin lun
<1 Tl@G Dq`@ bYZK DEV PrY A~A1
<111 KYZK DEV PrY A~A DE?@ DYgD ]Yc@ @CGY?@C.
Ta thy thap m thng bao trum toan b mt bng coc vi vy ai mong khng bi m
thng
<1o1 Tl@G Dq`@ AkD DGO1
100
-Xet tai mt ct 1-1
M men:M
ng
1-1
r
1
.(p
3
P
6
)0,9.2.102,92155.26 T.m
Din tich ct thep yu cu:
01 . 51
1 , 1 . 28000 . 9 , 0
10 . 26 , 155
. . 9 , 0
4
0
1 1

h J
a
M
=
ng
s
cm
2
Chon thep 22 a
s
3,8 cm
2
42 , 13
8 , 3
01 , 51
20
8
s
=
M
n
chon n14 thanh
1 14
10 . 2
1
3
n
I
= mm, chon a150mm.
24 , 0
1 , 1 . 2
10 . 8 , 3 . 14
.
4
0

h I
M
%%
s

0,24C(0,150,4) hop li

Vy ta chon 14 a150
-Xet mt 2-2
M men: M
ng
2-2
r
2
.(p
1
P
3
)0,55.(87,93102,92)104.98 T.m

101
Din tich ct thep yu cu: 87 . 37
1 , 1 . 28000 . 9 , 0
10 . 98 . 104
. . 9 , 0
4
0
2 2

h J
a
M
=
ng
s
cm
2
Chon thep 16 a
s
2,011 cm
2
83 . 18
011 , 2
87 . 37
20
8
s
=
M
n
chon n19 thanh
Khoang cach giua cac thanh la : 1 . 161
1 19
10 . 9 , 2
1
3
n
I
= mm, chon a160mm.
12 , 0
1 , 1 . 9 , 2
10 . 011 , 2 . 19
.
4
0

h I
M
%%
s

0,12C(0,150,4) khng hop li. Ly theo cu tao

Vy ta chon 19418 co a
S
2,545 cm
2
Khoang cach giua cac thanh la : 1 . 161
1 19
10 . 9 , 2
1
3
n
I
= mm, chon a160mm.
15 , 0
1 , 1 . 9 , 2
10 . 545 , 2 . 19
.
4
0

h I
M
%%
s

Vy ta chon 19 a160
8O20
3100
1
2O14
3
300
3
0
0
7
6
MONG M2
8O20
1
O22a150
100
7
5
0
7
5
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
250 250 1200 1200
100 1450 1450
2
5
0
2
5
0
5
0
0
700
4
0
0
400
O18a160
102
PHN III: THI C(NG (;<%)
NHIM V THIT K:
11 !IN PHP THI C(NG T+ CH'C THI C(NG = PHN
o1 TI,N L-NG ( -} V7% PH LC )
=1 CH:N M3
;1 KIM TR} }N T%7N1
<1 CC !N V": M&T !)NG 7% {T
M&T !)NG /I CHU3N M3 ( 7%L P)
M&T !)NG THI C(NG TNG ;
T+NG M&T !)NG
T+NG TIN
GI% VI,N H-.NG /0N : TH12: NGU34N TH9 TH3 HI,N
L.P : K;<K5C0=
CH-NG 1 GI.I THIU C(NG TRNH
I1 V9 TR 563 /8NG C(NG TRNH1
Cng trinh la Chung cu 10 tng A1- Khu thi Hung Dung - TP Vinh - Ngh An
103
ia im: Thanh ph Vinh-Ngh An
Quy m cng trinh: Cng trinh co 10 tng, chiu cao tng trt 3m, chiu cao cac tng
trn 3.2m
Cng trinh xy dng trn mt khu t rng ri, bng phng, uong giao thng rt
thun loi cho vic vn chuyn nguyn vt liu phuc vu thi cng cng trinh.
Vi tri cng trinh nhu trn thi khi ua ra cac giai phap thi cng cng trinh co nhung mt
thun loi va kho khn sau y:
%hunn &@i3
Cng trinh gn uong giao thng nn thun loi cho xe i lai vn chuyn nguyn vt
liu phuc vu thi cng cung nhu vn chuyn t ra khoi cng truong.
Khoang cach n noi cung cp b tng khng lon nu dung b tng thuong phm.
Vic b tri sn bi vt liu va dng lan trai tam cho cng trinh trong thoi gian ban
u cung tuong i thun tin vi din tich khu t kha rng so voi mt bng cng trinh.
Cng trinh nm trong thanh ph nn in nuoc n inh, do vy in nuoc phuc vu thi
cng uoc ly trc tip tu mang luoi cp ca thanh ph, ng thoi h thng thoat nuoc
ca cng truong cung xa trc tip vao h thng thoat nuoc chung.
Fh !hon3
Cng truong thi cng nm trong thanh ph nn moi bin phap thi cng ua ra truoc
ht phai am bao uoc cac yu cu v v sinh mi truong nhu ting n, bui, ... ng thoi
khng anh huong n kha nng chiu lc va an toan cho cac cng trinh ln cn do o bin
phap thi cng ua ra bi han ch.
Phai mo cng tam, h thng hang rao tam bng tn che kin bao quanh cng trinh cao
~2m giam ting n khi thi cng la khng th thiu.
Phai b tri vi tri rua xe truoc khi cho xe i ra khoi cng trinh xy dng
II1PH-NG PHP KIN TRCL KT C{UL MNG C(NG TRNH1
11 PGe@C `@ bYg@ DEA AB@C DEF@G1
Cng trinh nha gm 10 tng co tng chiu cao 35,3(m) tinh tu mt t t nhin, chiu
cao ca cac tng la 3,2m, mai b tng toan khi va lop mai tn.
Chiu rng cng trinh: tu truc A n truc D la 21,7m.
Tng chiu dai cng trinh: 47 m.
Mt t ngoai nha -0,45m so voi cos 0.00 ca cng trinh.
Tng 1-10 u la cac cn h
Cng trinh uoc b tri 2 cu thang b 2 bn, 2 cu thang may o 2 bn.
o1 PGe@C `@ bgD ANI AB@C DEF@G
H kt cu chiu lc ca cng trinh la nha khung BTCT toan khi co tuong chn.
Tuong gach bao ngoai va ngn phong co chiu day 220(mm), tuong ngn khu C co
104
chiu day 110(mm) san suon toan khi cung voi dm. Toan b cng trinh la mt khi
thng nht.
Khung BTCT toan khi co kich thuoc cac cu kin nhu sau:
Ct tit din: 500x700mm, 400x600mm
Dm khung co kich thuoc : 700300(mm)
Dm phu co kich thuoc: 450x220 (mm)
H dm san toan khi : Ban san dy 100(mm).
=1 PGe@C `@ Kv@C1
ay mong t tai ct -2 m so voi ct t 0,00 va -1,85m so voi nn t nhin.
Cng trinh co tng cng 32 mong gm:
Mong M1 gm 16 mong co kich thuoc: 2 x 1.7 m
Mong M2 gm 14 mong co kich thuoc: 2,9 x2m
Mong M3 gm 2 mong co kich thuoc: 4,1x 5m
III. IE KIEN IA CHT CNG TNH, IA CHT THUY VN.
11 YaI bYc@ PSV AGND AB@C DEF@G
Tu trn xung gm co cac lop t co chiu day it thay i trong mt bng:
Lop 1: Set deo nho day 2m
Lop 2: Set pha day 6m
Lop 3: Cat pha day 8m
Lop 4: Cat soi
o1 YaI bYc@ PSV AGND DGI h@
Qua cac l khoan khao sat n su ~15m, cng trinh khng bi anh huong boi nuoc
ngm. iu kin ia cht thuy vn tuong i tt thun loi.
IV1 C(NG TC CHUN !9 TR-.C KHI THI C(NG1
11 2V@ ]~@ hr jk DEl D@C KmD jn@C DGY AB@C
Kim tra chi gioi xy dng
Cng vic truoc tin tin hanh don dp mt bng bao gm cht cy, phat quang co va
san bng phng, nu trn mt bng co cac vung nuoc hay bun thi tin hanh san lp va b
tri lam uong tam cho cac may thi cng hoat ng trn cng truong.
Tin hanh lam cac trai tam phuc vi cho vic n o va sinh hoat ca cng nhn trn cng
truong
Xy dng hang rao tn bao v cac phuong tin thi cng, tai san trn cng truong va
tranh n, khng gy anh huong n cac cng trinh xung quanh va thm m ca khu vc
Di chuyn cac cng trinh ngm: uong dy in thoai, uong cp thoat nuoc...
Tp hop y cac tai liu ki thut co lin quan (kt qua khao sat ia cht, qui trinh
cng ngh..)
105
Chun bi mt bng t chuc thi cng, xac inh cac vi tri tim mc, h truc ca cng
trinh, uong vao va vi tri t cac thit bi co so va khu vc gia cng thep, kho va cng
trinh phu tro
Thit lp qui trinh ki thut thi cng theo cac phuong tin thit bi sn co.
Lp k hoach thi cng chi tit, qui inh thoi gian cho cac buoc cng tac va so dich
chuyn may trn hin truong.
Chun bi y va ung yu cu cac loai vt tu ung yu cu, cac thit bi thi nghim,
kim tra sut ca b tng, cht luong gach a, thep ...Thit k thanh phn cp phi vua,
b tng uoc su dung trong qua trinh xy dng
Chng n: Trong thi cng ao mong khng gy ra ting n lon do su dung cac thit bi
may moc thi cng. giam bot ting n ta t cac chup hut m o ch ng co n, giam
bot cac ng tac thua, khng ng co chay v ich.
Xu ly cac vt kin truc ngm: khi thi cng phn ngm ngoai cac vt kin truc xac
inh r v kich thuoc chng loai, vi tri trn ban v ta con bt gp nhiu vt kin truc
khac, nhu m ma... ta phai kt hop voi cac co quan co chuc nng giai quyt.
Tiu nuoc b mt: Du thi cng vao mua kh cung kho tranh khoi bi mua. tiu thoat
nuoc mt cho cng trinh khi co mua ta phai ao cac h thng rnh tiu nuoc xung quanh
cng trinh co h ga thu nuoc (su hon rnh 1m) va h thng bom tiu nuoc ra h thng
thoat nuoc ca khu vc.
B tri cac kho bi chua vt liu.
Cac phong iu hanh cng trinh,phong nghi tam cho cng nhn,nha n,tram y t.
in phuc vu cho thi cng ly tu hai ngun:
Ly qua tram bin th ca khu vc.
Su dung may phat in d phong.
Nuoc phuc vu cho cng trinh:
uong cp nuoc ly tu h thng cp nuoc chung ca khu.
uong thoat nuoc uoc thai ra uong thoat nuoc chung ca thi trn.
o1 CGI@ jS K`J KvA hr @G\@ TÂ OGA h DGY AB@C
Truoc khi khoi cng xy dng cng trinh phai chun bi y may moc thit bi va
nhn lc phuc vu thi cng. Tp kt may moc trn cng truong va phai kim tra chay thu
truoc khi ua vao su dung nhm am bao an toan cho nguoi vn hanh va khng lam anh
huong, tro ngai n tin thi cng.
Da vao d toan, tin luong, cac s liu tinh toan cu th cho tung cng vic ca cng
trinh ta chon va ua vao phuc vu cng vic thi cng cng trinh cac loai may moc, thit bi
nhu may ep coc, may cu, may vn thng may trn b tng, may bom b tng, may
m..va cac loai dung cu lao ng nhu cuc, xeng, bua, vam, keo.
106
Nhn t v con nguoi la khng th thiu khi thi cng cng trinh xy dng nn da vao
tin va khi luong cng vic ca cng trinh,ta ua nhn lc vao cng truong mt cach
hop ly v thoi gian,s luong cung nhu trinh chuyn mn tay ngh.
=1 S@G hS AB@C DEF@G
3.1. t vn
inh vi cng trinh ht suc quan trong vi cng trinh phai uoc xac inh vi tri ca no
trn khu t theo mt bng b tri ng thoi xac inh cac vi tri truc chinh ca toan b cng
trinh va vi tri chinh xac ca cac giao im ca cac truc o.
Trn ban v tng mt bng thi cng phai co luoi o ac va xac inh y tung
hang muc cng trinh o goc cng trinh, trong ban v tng mt bng phai ghi r cach xac
inh luoi toa da vao mc chun co sn hay mc quc gia, mc dn sut, cach chuyn
mc vao ia im xy dng.
Da vao mc nay trai luoi ghi trn ban v mt bng thanh luoi hin truong va tu o ta
cn cu vao cac luoi giac mong.
3.2. Giac mong cng trinh
Xac inh tim ct cng trinh dung cu bao gm dy gai dy km, dy thep 1 ly, thuoc
thep, may kinh vi may thuy binh . . .
Tu ban v h so va khu t xy dng ca cng trinh, phai tin hanh inh vi cng trinh
theo mc chun theo ban v
im mc chun phai uoc tt ca cac bn lin quan cng nhn va ky vao bin ban
nghim thu lam co so phap ly sau nay, mc chun uoc ong bng coc b tng ct
thep va uoc bao quan trong sut thoi gian xy dng
Tu mc chun xac inh cac im chun ca cng trinh bng may kinh vi
Tu cac im chun ta xac inh cac uong tim cng trinh theo 2 phuong ung nhu
trong ban v ong du cac uong tim cng trinh bng cac coc g sau o dung dy km
cng theo 2 uong coc chun, uong coc chun phai cach xa cng trinh tu 3- 4 m
khng lam anh huong n thi cng
Mc chun cng trinh nm o cng trinh xy bn phia trai.mc chun t tai vi tri A.
Tin hanh xac inh vi tri cng trinh:
Dung la ban xac inh huong bc,t may kinh vi tai A,nhm theo huong bc quay mt
goc
0
135 xac inh tia Ax,tu A o khoang cach 20m theo tia Ax xac inh uoc im
mc u tin ca cng trinh(B).t may tai B ngm v A quay goc
0
45 theo chiu
nguoc chiu kim ng h,xac inh uoc tia By,tu B o khoang cach 10,7m theo tia By
xac inh uoc im mc thu 2 ca cng trinh( C ) .t may tai C huong v B quay 1 goc
90
0
thun chiu kim ng h xac inh tia Cz,o khoang cach theo 30,3m theo tia Cz tu
im C xac inh im moc thu 3 ca cng trinh(D) .t may tai D huong v C quay 1
107
goc 90
0
thun chiu kim ng h xac inh tia Dk,o khoang cach theo 10,7m theo tia Dk
tu im D xac inh im moc thu 4 ca cng trinh(E).Dung coc thep
20
ong tam.
Sau khi inh vi uoc cng trinh cn cu vao ban v xac inh tim ngang,tim doc ca
cng trinh bng cach o c on gian va cng dy,keo dai cac uong tim v cac phia ca
cng trinh ri lam moc c inh chc chn lai bng thep
20
cach cng trinh tu 3-4m.Cac
mc nay uoc bao v trong sut thoi gian thi cng.
Sau khi xac inh uoc tim doc tim ngang,ta tin hanh giac mong cng trinh.inh vi
cng trinh bng gia nga,gia nga t song song mt ngoai cng trinh cach o 1,5-2m
khng lm anh huong n thi cng mong.Trn gia nga xac inh vi tri tim tht ung va
ong inh c inh vi tri nay.Tu tim nay xac inh kich thuoc ca mong va tuong.Trin
khai tu uong tim,anh du 4 inh ca h ao va rc vI bt anh du.
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
7
0
0
30300
45
135
HF@G ;1o.im mc chun
CHNG 2: THIT K BIEN PHP KY THAT V TO CHUC THI CNG
M.%Dpq% Fq YprK (Ds( Ft %Dju% %Dp CvKw
I. THI CNG PHN NGM.
11 !Yc@ OGÒ DGY AB@C A~A1
1111 L^V AG~@ jYc@ OGÒ DGY AB@C1
Khi cng trinh nm trong thanh ph, xung quanh co cac cng trinh cho nn nu thi
cng coc bng phuong phap ong thi cac rung ng sinh ra do ong coc s gy nut cac
cng trinh ln cn va gy ra ting n cho thanh ph. khc phuc nhuoc im trn nguoi
ta dung cng ngh thi cng coc bng phuong phap ep tinh, co nhung uu im sau:
Chng n, chng nhim mi truong
Khng gy chn ng co th pha hoai co cu nn t xung quanh gy anh
huong cac cng trinh ln cn.
Tinh kim tra cao, cht luong coc ep uoc kim tra thuong xuyn trong sut
qua trinh ha coc theo tung oan duoi ngay lc ep su dung ha coc.
Xac inh uoc suc chiu tai ca coc thng qua lc ep cui cung
108
ut ngn thoi gian thi cng khi thi cng coc ep sau.
Coc ep co th la coc b tng ct thep, coc thep tuy theo yu cu thit k ma
coc ep co th dai hay ngn.
Khi coc dai nguoi ta ch tao coc ep thanh tung oan sau o ha coc xung t
bng kich thuy lc, cac oan coc uoc ni voi nhau trong qua trinh ha coc.
Nng sut cao hon ong coc tu 3 n 4 ln.
$ Cng ngh thi cng `p c+c c h=i ph#0ng php.
- Phuong phap ep truoc: Coc uoc ep truoc khi thi cng ai mong.
- Phuong phap ep sau: Tin hanh ep coc sau khi thi cng ai mong, i voi phuong
phap nay coc uoc ep trong qua trinh ln tng, rut ngn uoc thoi gian thi cng. Tuy
nhin chiu dai oan coc bi han ch boi chiu cao tng. i chiu voi cng trinh nay ta
chon phuong phap thi cng coc la phuong phap ep truoc,
(h#0ng php `p tr#c c 2 cch tin h.nh.
Ep coc truoc khi ao h mong (phuong an 1).
Ep coc sau khi tin hanh ao h mong (phuong an 2).
-Phuong an 1: Ep coc n cao trinh thit k sau o tin hanh ao t h mong
u im.
- Qua trinh thi cng, di chuyn may moc thit bi d dang
- Khng phu thuc vao mach nuoc ngm, it chiu anh huong ca thoi tit.
- Tc thi cng nhanh.
Nhuoc im.
- Qua trinh ao t h mong kho khn do bi can tro boi cac u coc.
- Phai ep oan coc m.
- Khi luong ao t bng th cng nhiu hon.
-Phuong an 2: ao t n cao trinh inh coc sau o ua thit bi vao va tin hanh thi
cng ep coc.
u im.
- Qua trinh ao h mong thun loi, khng bi can tro boi cac u coc
- Khng phai ep coc m.
Nhuoc im.
- Chiu anh huong ca mc nuoc ngm.
- Khi ang thi cng nu gp troi mua thi phai co bin phap tiu nuoc h mong
- Qua trinh thi cng gp nhiu kho khn khi vn chuyn thit bi thi cng.
- Nu mt bng thi cng cht hp thi qua trinh thi cng gp rt nhiu kho khn.
109
Da vao uu, nhuoc im ca hai phuong an ta chon phuong an 1 (ep truoc)
1.2. %in h.nh thi cng `p c+c.
Thi cng ha coc bng phuong phap ep tinh ap dung TCXDVN 286-2003 : ong va ep
coc Tiu chun thi cng va nghim thu
Cc yu c)u !x thunt Pi 1i c+c `p I tng cPt th`p3
%hH" thit ! cy= cng trhnh thh c+c c cc thng sP s=u:
Suc chiu tai ca coc: P 121,75 T
Chon b tng coc B25
n
14,5MPa, thep AII co
s
280MPa
Chiu dai coc : L 15,6m , uoc chia ra lam 2 oan dai 8m va7, 6m tit din coc
(40x40) cm
ld 13 0,4 32,5 100, BT co B 20. Thoa mn cac iu kin quy inh.
(Theo tai liu Cac iu kin k thut ca coc ep dung xu ly nn mong - Ch bin Vu
Cng Ngu, NXB KHKT 2000)
Cc yu c)u 1 B chGnh 5c\ 1 hhnh ,'ng\ 1 !Gch th#c hhnh h+c cy= c+c3
- Tit din canh coc co sai s khng qua : + 5mm
- Chiu dai coc co sai s khng qua : + 30mm
- Chiu dai mui coc sai s khng qua : + 30mm
- cong ca coc khng qua : 10mm
- vng ca oan coc khng qua : 1100 chiu dai t coc
- lch ca mui coc khoi tm khng qua : 10mm
- Mt u coc phng va vung goc voi truc coc, nghing 1
- Nu coc co vt nut: b rng vt nut : 0,2mm
su vt nut o goc : 10mm
- Tng din tich do lm, sut goc va r t ong 5 din tich b mt coc va khng qua
tp trung.
Cc yu c)u !x thunt Pi 1i "'n nPi c+c 3
- Ct thep doc ca oan coc phai han vao vanh thep ni theo ca 2 bn ca thep doc
va trn sut chiu cao vanh.
- Vanh thep ni phai phng, khng uoc vnh.
- B mt o u hai oan coc ni phai tip xuc khit voi nhau.
- Kich thuoc cac ban m ung voi thit k va phai _ 4mm.
- Truc ca oan coc uoc ni trung voi phuong nen.
- Kim tra kich thuoc uong han so voi thit k, uong han ni coc phai co trn ca 4
mt ca coc. Trn mi mt coc, chiu dai uong han khng nho hon 10cm.
zu c)u !x thunt 1i thit I* `p c+c 3
- Lc ep danh inh lon nht ca thit bi khng nho hon 1,4 ln lc ep lon nht.
- P
ep max
yu cu theo quy inh thit k.
110
- Lc nen ca kich phai am bao tac dung doc truc coc khi ep inh, khng gy lc
ngang khi ep.
- Chuyn ng ca pittng kich phai u va khng ch uoc tc ep.
- ng h o ap lc phai tuong xung voi khoang lc o.
- Thit bi ep coc phai am bao iu kin vn hanh theo ung quy inh v an toan
lao ng khi thi cng.
- Gia tri o ap lc lon nht ca ng h khng vuot qua 2 ln ap lc o khi ep coc.
- Chi huy ng tu (0,7 0,8) kha nng ti a ca thit bi ep coc.
- Trong qua trinh ep coc phai lam ch uoc tc ep am bao cac yu cu k
thut.
KhLng ch: tiu !x thunt chy yu cy= thit I* `p 3
- uong kinh piton thy lc du (thuong dung 2 piton).
- Luu luong du ca may bom (litphut).
- p lc bom du lon nht (daNcm
2
).
- Hanh trinh pittng ca kich (cm).
- Din tich ay pittng ca kich (cm
2
).
- Phiu kim inh ng h o ap lc du va cac van chiu lc do co quan co thm
quyn cp.
Ly lich may phai uoc cac bn co thm quyn kim tra kim inh c trung k thut.
11=1 PGe@C OGÒ O A~A hr AG~@ K`J O A~A :
!. /h%0n* #h"# # c1c :
Ep coc thuong dung 2 phuong phap: ep inh va ep m.
{p :nh : Lc ep uoc tac dung tu inh coc n coc xung.
u im: Toan b lc ep do kich thy lc tao ra uoc truyn trc tip ln u coc
chuyn thanh hiu qua ep. Khi ep qua cac lop t co ni ma sat tuong i cao nhu a cat,
set deo cung... lc ep co th thng lc can do ma sat ha coc xung su d dang.
Nhuoc im: Cn phai co hai h khung gia: H khung gia c inh va h khung gia
di ng. Voi chiu cao tng cng ca hai h khung gia nay phai lon hon chiu dai mt
oan coc. Vi vy khi thit k coc ep, chiu dai mt oan coc phai khng ch boi chiu
cao gia ep trong khoang 6 8m.
{p m: Lc ep tac dung tu hai bn hng coc do chu ma sat tao nn ep coc
xung.
u im : Do bin phap ep tu 2 bn hng ca coc, may ep khng cn phai co h
khung gia di ng, chiu dai oan coc ep co th dai hon.
Nhuoc im: Ep coc tu hai bn hng coc thng qua 2 chu ma sat do do khi ep
qua cac lop ma sat co ni ma sat tuong i cao nhu a set, set deo cung... lc ep hng
thuong khng th thng uoc lc can do ma sat tng ha coc xung su. Noi chung,
phuong phap nay khng uoc su dung rng ri bng phuong phap ep inh.
111
i voi cng trinh nay ta su dung phuong phap ep inh.
Cc IB phnn cy= my `p c+c /`p :nh23
- i trong.
- Tram bom thy lc, gm co: ng co in
Bom thy lc ngn keo
Ong tuy- thy lc va gic thy lc
- Dan may ep coc, gm co: khung dn voi gia xi-lanh. Khung dn la mt lng thep
uoc han thanh khung boi cac thanh thep goc va tm thep dy. B dan ho 2 u coc co
th i tu trn xung duoi. Khung dn gn voi ng co ca xi-lanh, khung dn co th ln
xung theo truc hanh trinh ca xi-lanh.
- B may ep coc: gm 2 thanh thep hinh chu I loai lon lin kt voi dan may ung
voi khoang cach hai hang coc co th ung tai 1 vi tri ep uoc nhiu coc ma khng cn
phai di chuyn b may. Co th ep mt luc nhiu coc bng cach ni bulng y dan may
sang vi tri ep coc khac b tri trong cung mt hang coc.
May ep coc cn co lc ep P gm 2 kich thuy lc mi kich co P
max
P2 (T).
b. 2$! ch1n m"( # c1c1
Chon may ep coc ua coc xung chiu su thit k, coc phai qua cac tng ia cht
khac nhau tuy theo iu kin cu th ca ia cht cng trinh. Mun cho coc qua uoc
nhung ia tng o thi lc ep coc phai at gia tri: P
ep
_ P
ep

min
K.P
c
Trong o : P
ep
: lc ep cn thit coc i su vao t nn toi su thit k.
K: h s, K ~ 1; co th ly K 1,2 1,5 phu thuc vao loai t va tit din coc.
P
c
: tng suc khang tuc thoi ca nn t, P
c
P
mui
P
masat
P
mui
: phn khang mui coc.
P
masat
: ma sat thn coc.
Nhu vy, ep uoc coc xung chiu su thit k cn phai co mt lc thng uoc lc
ma sat bn ca coc va pha v cu truc ca lop t duoi mui coc. Lc ep o bng trong
luong ban thn coc va lc ep bng thy lc. Lc ep coc ch yu do kich thy lc tao ra.
Bn canh o, lc ep lon nht ca thit bi ep ln coc uoc xac inh theo hai iu kin sau:
- Bao am an toan cho h neo giu va thit bi ep coc.
- Khng lam v coc khi ep.
P
ep max

F
(
n
=t

Trong o : P
n
: kha nng chiu tai lon nht ca coc.
k
at
: h s an toan (k
at
1,2-1,5).
Lc ep cn thit ca may ep su dung trong khoang P
O KY@
P
O
P
O KV[
c. Ch+n !Gch gi `p3
112
- Lc ep nho nht: P
ep
min
(1,0 1,5)P, (voi P min(P
coc
, P
n
) la suc chiu tai ca
coc).
Vi ep qua lop set, set pha, cat pha va soi a nn ta chon k 1,2.
P
ep
min
1,2.121,75 146,1 (T ).
- Lc ep lon nht: xac inh da vao hai iu kin sau:
Bao am an toan cho h neo giu va thit bi.
Khng lam v coc khi ep.
Xac inh lc ep lon nht theo iu kin coc.
P
epmax

(
n
!
=t
P
n
P
vl
245,112T, K
at
: H s an toan (K
at
1,2)
P
ep
max

245,112
204, 26
1, 2

( T ).
Lc ep cn thc hin ca may ep ep coc su dung trong khoang
P
ep
min
117,6 (T ) P
ep
P
ep
max
204,26 (T )
Cac tiu chun ca may ep cn phai thoa mn:
- Vi chi cn su dung 0,7- 0,8 kha nng lam vic ti a ca may ep coc.Cho nn ta chon
may ep thuy lc co lc ep danh inh ca may ep:
P
d
min
117,6.1,4 (T ) P
ep
P
d
max
204,26.1,4 (T )
P
d
min
164,64 (T ) P
ep
P
d
max
285,96 (T )
- Chon thit bi ep coc la h kich thuy lc co lc nen lon nht ca thit bi la:
P 200 (T), gm hai kich thuy lc mi kich co P
max
100 (T).
- Lc nen ca kich phai am bao tac dung doc truc coc khi ep.
- Chuyn ng pittng phai u va khng ch uoc tc ep coc.
- Thit bi ep coc phai bao am iu kin vn hanh theo ung qui inh v an toan
lao ng khi thi cng.
Trn co so o ta chon may ep coc thuy lc m hiu cac thng s k thut:).
- Loai may ep co cac thng s k thut sau:
Chiu cao lng ep : 8,2 m.
Chiu dai gia ep : 10 m.
Chiu rng : 3m
ng co in 15 (K).
S vong quay inh muc ca ng co: 4450 (vphut).
uong kinh xi-lanh thuy lc: 320 (mm).
p lc inh muc ca bom: 400 (KGcm
2
).
113
Dung tich thung du la: 300 (lit)..
S may ep coc cho cn trinh:
Khi luong coc cn ep:
Mong M1 co 20 mong, mi mong co 4 coc ~ 80 coc
Mong M2 co 10 mong, mi mong co 6 coc ~ 60 coc
Mong M3 co 2 mong, mi mong 16 coc ~ 32 coc
Tng s coc 806032172
Tng chiu dai cn ep: 15,6x1722683,2 m
Tng chiu dai coc la 2683,2, chiu dai coc tuong i lon nn ta chon 2 may ep thi
cng coc
Chon kich thuoc khung dn va i trong am bao ep uoc tt ca cac coc trong ai
M1, M2 mt ln ma khng phai di chuyn khi i trong.
d. 34nh t5"n ',i t1n*: d. 34nh t5"n ',i t1n*:
- Voi cng trinh co s luong coc o ai mong M1 co 4 coc ta thit k gia coc sao
cho mi vi tri ung ep uoc 4 coc rut ngn thoi gian ep coc.
- Dung i trong la cac khi co kich thuoc (3x1x1)m co trong luong :
P
dt
3.1.2,5 7,5(T)
- Thit k gia ep co cu tao bng dm t hop thep t hop chu I, b rng 30cm cao
60cm.
- Ta co so ep coc:
114
Ghi chu: 1 khung dn di ng; 2 kich thuy lc; 3 i trong; 4 ng h o ap lc; 5 may
bom du; 6 khung dn c inh; 7 dy dn du; 8 b i trong thep hinh I 600x300; 9
dm ; dm ganh; 11 cht.
Lc gy lt khi ep P
ep
0.7. P
may
0.7.200 140 T. Gia tri i trong Q mi bn uoc
xac inh theo cac iu kin:
Theo iu kin chng nh.
Q P
ep

max
204,26 T
Theo iu kin chng lt.
M
giu
1,15

M
lt
|iu !in chPng &nt !hi `p c+c sP 13
115
2Q.1,5 ~ 1,15.2,4.P
ep

Q ~
1,15.2, 4.140
2.1,5
112,7 T
( Q la trong luong mi bn ca i trong )
|iu !in chPng &nt !hi `p c+c sP >3
1,5.Q 8,5.Q ~ 1,15.5.P
ep

Q ~
1,15.5.140
10
80,5 T
Q max 112,7; 80,5; 204,26 kN
Vy chon i trong mi bn cn la Q 204,26 T
Ta chon loai i trong co kich thuoc (1x1x3)m, co trong luong mt khi i trong:
1.1.3.2,5 7,5 T
S luong khi i trong yu cu: n 204,267,5 27,23 i trong
Vy mi bn ta sp 14 i trong
H. Ch+n my clu ph-c 1- cng tc `p c+c3
-Dung 1 may cu tin hanh cu coc t vao gia ep ng thoi cu gia ep va i trong
phuc vu cho cng tac ep coc.
- Coc uoc chia thanh 2 oan dai 8m va dai 7,6m
Trong luong mt oan coc: Q 0,4.0,4.8.2,5 3,2 T
- Kich thuot may ep coc va b tri i trong nhu trn hinh v
Trong luong toan b gia ep: 7,5 tn.
Chiu cao may ep la: 8,2 0,7 8,9 m
Chiu cao chng i trong so voi cao trinh chn may ep la: 4,0 m
116
Trong qua trinh ep coc cn truc cu gia ep va i trong di chuyn tu mong nay sang
mong khac. Con trong mt mong thi gia ep s di chuyn trn cac dm ngang va doc
ep cac coc o cac vi tri khac nhau.
Coc uoc ua vao gia ep bng cn truc. Gia ep co 1 mt trng, ua coc vao gia ep
theo phuong ngang. thun tin cho thi cng va tit kim chi phi ta chon cn truc lam
ca nhim vu cu lp coc va cu lp gia ep, i trong.
Coc uoc treo buc vao may cu bng cach su dung cap lun qua hai moc cu sn co
trn coc.
Vi tri ung ca cn truc so voi may ep va coc xem ban v TC01.
Voi vi tri nay cn truc cu lp trong iu kin khng co vt can phia truoc goc nghing
tay cn, do o co th chon
0
max
75
.
Voi so di chuyn ca may ep va cn truc nhu thit k, mt bng s ln luot uoc
giai phong trong qua trinh ep am bao cho cac thit bi co mt bng cng tac thi
cng an toan.
Mt cach an toan ta xem rng cn truc lam vic bt loi nht khi cu i trong voi trong
luong 7.5 tn va chiu cao nng (khi cu coc) la 11,7 m.
Chon may cn truc theo S tay chon may thi cng xy dng - Vu Vn Lc (Ch bin)
- NXB Xy dng 2005.
*. 34nh t5"n 67 +im t! c"c th8n* 9, l7m 6ic c:! m"( c;< +hi c;< ',i t1n* :
H
m
H
L
4
! Rm"n
1
Chu thich:
- H
L
(m) :chiu cao tu cao trinh may ung n im t cu kin (vi tri lp).
117
- h
1
(m) : chiu cao nng cu kin cao hon vi tri lp t h
1
1,0m.
- h
2
(m) : chiu cao ca cu kin.
- h
3
(m) : chiu cao ca thit bi treo buc.
- h
4
1,5(m) : oan dy cap tinh tu moc cu n puli u cn.
- h
c
1,5(m) : khoang cach tu khop quay tay cn n cao trinh ca cn truc.
- r 11,5(m) : khoang cach tu khop quay tay cn n truc quay ca cn truc.
-
min
: ban kinh lam vic nho nht ca cn truc.
Cn truc cu lp trong iu kin khng co vt can phia truoc. Goc nghing tay cn co
th chon max

56
o
.
Cac thng s kich thuoc cac b phn:
- Chiu cao nng moc cu: H
m
H
L
h
1
h
2
h
3
3,71,0 1,0 1,0 6,7 m.
- Chiu cao inh cn: H H
m
h
4
6,7 1,5 8,2 m
- Chiu dai tay cn ti thiu: min 0
max
8, 2 1, 5
sin sin56
c
D h
X

8,08m
- Tm voi gn nht ca cn truc:

min
r L
min
.cos max
1,5 8,08.cos56
o
6,01 m.
- Trong luong vt cu: Q q
ck
q
tb
7,5 0,5 8T
Chon may cu XKG 40: Chiu dai tay cn L 15,8 m
Tm voi lam vic
min
3 m,
max
14 m
Suc nng Q (8 - 40) T .
Tinh toan may khi cu cu i trong co kich thuoc 1000x1000x3000 mm :
118
Tra bang biu tinh nng voi L 10,340 m thi co:
Q 10 T ~ 8 T; H 13,5m ~ 7,7 m.
Vy tai vi tri cu i trong xa nht tu dan ep 1 sang dan ep 2 va nguoc lai thi cu
XKG-40 lam vic an toan.
119
h. 34nh t5"n 67 +im t! c"c th8n* 9, l7m 6ic c:! m"( c;< +hi c;< c1c:
c
H
m
H
L
4
! Rm"n
Cn truc cu lp trong iu kin khng co vt can phia truoc. Goc nghing tay cn co
th chon max

75
o
.
Cac thng s kich thuoc cac b phn:
- Chiu cao nng moc cu: H
m
H
L
h
1
h
2
h
3
0,7 1 7 1,0 9,7 m.
- Chiu cao inh cn: H H
m
h
4
9,7 1,5 11,2 m
- Chiu dai tay cn ti thiu:
11, 2 1, 5
min
sin
sin 75
max
D h
c
X
"

10m
- Tm voi gn nht ca cn truc:
min
r L
min
.cos max
1,5 10.cos75
o
4,1 m.
- Trong luong vt cu: Q q
ck
q
tb
2,8 0,5 3,3 T
Chon may cu XKG 40: Chiu dai tay cn L 15.8 m
Tm voi lam vic
min
3 m.
max
14 m
Suc nng Q (8 - 40) T .
Vy iu kin cu lp cac cu kin thoa mn.
Tinh toan may khi cu coc:
120
Tra bang biu tinh nng voi L 9.300 m thi co:
Q 8 T ~ 1.4 T; H 13.5m ~ 8.7 m.
Vy tai vi tri cu coc xa nht ua vao dan ep
XKG-40 lam vic an toan.
11;1CG~@ ]\J AI :
$ %Gnh t"n ,y cp !hi clu Pi tr+ng 3
- Chon goc nghing ca nhanh dy so voi phuong thng ung la 45
o
.
- Lc cng cho phep trong dy cap: S
1 7.5 1
. . 5, 3
os 2 os45
"
w
m c c
(T).
- Lc keo ut dy cap: S.k 5,3.5 26,5 (T)
Voi: G: trong luong vt cu, G 7,5T.
m: s nhanh dy cu, m 2.
k: h s an toan, k 5 (su dung cap cho toi may)
121
Vy trong moi truong hop i trong, dung dy cap co cu truc 6x191, uong kinh
25, lc keo ut la 26,5T; s nhanh dy cu n 2 va goc nging ca dy so voi
phuong thng ung la 45
o
.
%Gnh t"n ,y cp !hi clu gi `p: Chon uong kinh 25 s nhanh dy cu n 2
$ %Gnh t"n ,y cp !hi clu c+c: Chon uong kinh 25 s nhanh dy cu n 2
11<1K DGIRD DGY AB@C :
!. C8n* t"c ch<;n b= :
Tin hanh kim tra cht luong coc truoc khi tin hanh thi cng va loai bo nhung
oan coc khng at yu cu k thut nhu: coc co vt nut, truc coc khng thng, mt coc
khng phng va vung goc voi truc coc, coc co kich thuoc khng ung so voi thit k...
Cac h so sau phai chun bi y :
- H so k thut v san xut coc.
Phiu kim nghim tinh cht co ly ca thep, ximng va ct liu lam coc.
Phiu kim nghim cp phi va tinh cht co ly ca btng.
Bin ban kim tra cht luong coc va cac h so lin quan khac.
- H so k thut v thit bi ep coc.
Ly lich may do noi san xut cp va co quan co thm quyn kim tra xac nhn cac
c tinh k thut.
Phiu kim inh cht luong ng h o ap lc du va cac van chiu ap (do co quan co
thm quyn cp).
Nguoi thi cng coc phai hinh dung mt cach r rang va y v s phat trin ca
lc ep theo chiu su, d oan kha nng xuyn qua cac lop t ca coc. Cho nn truoc
khi ep phai thm do phat hin di vt, chun bi y cac bao cao ia cht cng trinh,
biu xuyn tinh, ban b tri mang luoi coc ...
122
Don sach mt bng, phat quang san phng, pha bo cac chuong ngai vt trn mt bng.
Vn chuyn coc va i trong n mt bng, xp coc va i trong theo cac vi tri trn ban
b tri mang luoi coc, i trong.
Vic b tri coc va i trong phai tho mn nhung iu kin sau y:
- Coc khi vn chuyn va b tri trn mt bng phai uoc k ln cac m g.
- Cac m g coc phai nm o vi tri cach u coc 0,207xl 0,207x71,5 m.
Nu xp thanh nhiu tng thi cung khng cao qua 1,2 m. Luc nay cac m g phai
thng hang theo phuong thng ung.
- i trong phai uoc xp chng theo nguyn tc am bao n inh.Tuyt i khng
i trong roi trong qua trinh ep coc.
- i trong phai k khi luong thit k am bao an toan cho thit bi ep trong qua
trinh ep coc.
I. Xc *nh 1* trG c+c 3
- y la mt cng tac quan trong oi hoi phai uoc tin hanh mt cach chinh xac vi no
quyt inh n chinh xac ca cac phn cng trinh sau nay.
- Trinh t tin hanh:
Dung cu gm may kinh v, dy thep nho cng, thuoc dy va qua doi, ng bot
nuoc hoc may thuy binh.
Tu truc nha uoc anh du dn v tim ca tung mong, truoc tin cn xac inh
truc ca hai hang mong theo hai phuong vung goc bng may kinh vi, cng dy thep tim
giao im hai truc o, tu giao im o dung qua doi xac inh tim mong. anh du tim
mong bng ct mc co son o. Tu tim mong tim uoc tin hanh xac inh tim cac coc
trong mong o bng may kinh vi, thuoc dy,...anh du tim coc bng cac oan thep 10
dai 30cm.
c. dui trhnh `p c+c3
7 Vn chuyn thit bi ep coc n cng truong, lp rap thit bi vao vi tri ep am bao an toan.
- Chinh may cac uong truc ca khung may, uong truc kich va uong truc coc
thng ung va nm trong mt mt phng, mt phng nay vung goc voi mt phng chun
ai mong, cho phep nghing 0,5.
- Chay thu may ep kim tra tinh n inh ca thit bi (chay khng tai va co tai).
- Dung cn truc cu lp oan coc u tin (oan C1) vao gia ep coc. Yu cu oan coc
u tin phai uoc dng lp cn thn, cn chinh truc ca oan nay trung voi truc kich
va i qua vi tri tim coc thit k.
123
- Tin hanh ep oan coc C1. Ban u tng ap lc chm, u oan coc cm su vao
t nh nhang. Vn tc xuyn khng lon hon 1 (cms).
- Tin hanh lp ni va ep cac oan coc tip theo (oan C2).Yu cu i voi oan coc
nay la b mt hai u coc phai phng va vung goc voi truc coc. Truc oan coc phai
thng (cho phep nghing khng qua 1).
- Gia ln coc mt lc tao tip xuc sao cho ap lc o mt tip xuc khoang 30-40
kNcm
2
,tin hanh hanh ni coc.
- Tng chm, u ap lc ep cho n khi coc chuyn ng (khng qua 1cms), n khi coc
chuyn ng u tng ap lc nhung khng ch sao cho tc xuyn khng qua 2 (cms).
oan coc nay khng uoc han ni voi oan coc C3. Ta s nh oan coc nay ln khi
oan coc C2 n cao trinh thit k.
oan coc C3 nay uoc cu tao nhu sau: u tip xuc voi u coc C2 uoc boc thep,
u con lai co mt l xuyn qua sau khi ep xong ta tin hanh lng dy rut ln. Trn
u nay con co mt vach son anh du vi tri khi ma coc n cao trinh thit k.
Sau o ta tin hanh di chuyn khung dn ep coc tip theo. Cac coc tip theo uoc
tin hanh nhu coc u tin.
Sau khi ep xong mt mong M1 truc 1-A o dan ep DE1. ta tin hanh cu do tai chuyn qua
dan ep DE2 lp rap ri ep tip tuc. Cho may cu cu DE1 sang vi tri mong M1 truc 2-A . ep
Coc uoc cng nhn ep xong khi thoa mn ng thoi hai iu kin sau:
- Chiu dai coc ep su trong t tai thoi im cui cung: L
min
L
coc
L
max
- Tri s lc ep tai thoi im cui cung phai at: P
ep
min
P
ep
TK
P
ep
max
d. Kh5" '>< c1c :
Vic khoa u coc nhm huy ng coc vao lam vic o thoi im thich hop trong qua
trinh tng tai ca cng trinh, am bao cho cng trinh khng chiu lun lon hoc lun
khng u, khoa u coc bao gm cac cng vic :
Sua u coc cho ung voi cao thit k
anh nham mt bn ca coc
cat hat to quanh u coc n cao lop b tng lot m cht lop cat nay
t luoi thep u coc btng khoa u coc.
?. C8n* t"c *hi ch# t5n* # c1c :
Trong qua trinh ep coc phai ghi nht ki ep coc theo huong dn duoi y.
i voi oan coc u tin (C1).
- Khi mui coc cm su vao t 30 n 50 cm thi ghi chep gia tri lc ep u tin.
- Theo di ng h o ap lc nu gia tri ap lc trn ng h thay i thi ghi ngay gia
tri nay cung voi su tuong ung.
124
- Nu trong qua trinh ep gia tri lc ep khng thay i hoc thay i khng ang k thi
chi cn ghi gia tri lc ep u va cui oan coc.
i voi oan coc C2
- Ghi chep tuong t nhu oan coc C1.
i voi giai oan cui cung hoan thanh vic ep xong mt coc.
- Khi gia tri lc ep bng 0,8 P
ep min
thi tin hanh ghi gia tri lc ep nay cung voi su
tuong ung.(P
ep min
qui inh cn cu trn thi nghim nen tinh o thc t cng trinh).
- Bt u tu y ghi chep gia tri lc ep voi xuyn 20 cm cho n khi ep xong.
Mu ghi chep nht ki thi cng ep coc.
S hiu
coc
Ngay gio
ep
su ep coc Gia tri lc ep Xac
nhn k
thut
Ghi chu
Ky hiu
oan coc
su
(m)
p lc
(Ncm
2
)
Lc ep
(kN)
Trong o ct Ghi chu phai ghi y cht luong mi ni, ly do va thoi gian coc
ang ep phai dung lai, thoi gian tip tuc ep coc. Khi o cn chu y theo di chinh xac gia
tri lc bt u ep lai.
Nu coc ep at yu cu ki thut thi ai din cac bn (A, B) phai ki vao nht ki ep coc.
*. @A lB 9$ c, +hi # c1c :
- Coc nghing qua qui inh (lon hon 1); coc ep d dang do gp chuong ngai vt
nhu cat hoc lui set cung bt thuong; coc bi v,...thng thuong nh ln ep lai.
- Dung phuong phap khoan thich hop pha di vt, xuyn qua cat, via set cung
- Khi lc ep vua at tri s thit k ma coc khng xung uoc nua, trong khi o lc
ep tip tuc tng vuot qua tri s lc ep lon nht (P
ep
max
) thi truoc khi dung ep phai dung
van giu lc duy tri (P
ep
max
) trong khoang thoi gian 5 phut, hoc truong hop khng co van
giu lc ep thi phai ep nhay 3
5 ln (voi P
ep
max
) truoc khi dung ep.
- Khi gp di vt bt thuong thi bao cho on vi thit k co bin phap xu ly kip thoi.
h. Cn t57n l!5 'n* t5n* c8n* t"c # c1c:
- Tt ca cac ki su, k thut vin, cng nhn,... thc hin cng tac ep coc u phai chp
hanh nghim chinh ni quy an toan lao ng ca cng truong xy dng.
- Cac khi i trong phai uoc sp xp tun theo nguyn tc tao thanh khi n inh
.Tuyt i khng uoc i trong nghing, roi trong qua trinh ep.
- Phai tuyt i tun th cac nguyn tc an toan trong khi vn hanh ng co thuy lc,
ng co in, cn cu, may han in,...
125
+. 34nh t5"n 6n ch<(n c1c tD bEi '.c c1c 'n mFt bGn* thi c8n* :
- Coc uoc vn chuyn tu noi san xut n sp xp trn mt bng thi cng theo so
b tri coc truoc khi tin hanh ep coc.
&. %rhnh tO `p c+c
Chon 1 may ep, 2 gia ep va 1 may cu cho qua trinh ep coc va tin hanh thi cng tun
t cho tt ca cac ai trn cng trinh.
Trinh t ep coc: - inh vi vi tri tim .
- Cu lp gia ep va i trong.
- Cu lp khung dn va xi lanh.
- Cu lp coc C1 vao khung dn.
- Ep 7,6m coc C1.
- Cu lp coc C2 vao khung dn, ni coc C2 vao C1.
- Ep 8,0m coc C2.
- Cu lp coc C3(coc dn) vao khung dn
- D khung ep va xi lanh.
- D i trong.
Mi ot ep tt ca cac coc thanh phn trong ai, dan c inh, gia ep co xi lanh di
chuyn n cac vi tri coc trong ai.
Trinh t ep cac ai trong cng trinh:
- Ta su dung phuong phap thi cng tun t cho tung ai s co tt ca 2 phn oan thi
cng chia theo chiu doc cng trinh.
- Tt ca cac coc (oan coc) u uoc xe, cn truc bc xp b tri trn mt bng thi cng.
(th hin ban v TC-014)
o1 LRO jYc@ OGÒ DGY AB@C PND1
o111 TGY AB@C Prq PND
!. HI< c>< +J th<t +hi thi c8n* '75 'Kt
Xac inh va phn cp t, nhm xac inh mai c t nhin ca h ao sao cho thich
hop thi cng ao khng bi sat lo va khi luong ao la it nht. B tri nhung noi t
sau nay thun tin cho vic lp mong va tn nn khng vuong phai cng tac khac, cn
vach r cac tuyn h mong, sau khi ao su cn phai sua chua va kim tra kich
thuoc mong ung voi yu cu thit k moi chuyn sang giai oan thi cng khac.
Chiu rng ay h ao ti thiu phai bng chiu rng ca kt cu cng voi khoang
cach neo chng va t van khun cho mong. Trong truong hop ao co mai dc thi
khoang cach giua chn kt cu mong va chn mai dc ti thiu bng 0,30,5m thc
hin cac thao tac k thut.
126
t thua va t khng am bao cht luong phai ra bi thai theo ung quy inh,
khng uoc bua bi lam u ong nuoc, gy ngp ung cng trinh, gy tro ngai cho thi
cng.
Khi ao t h mong cho cng trinh phai lai mt lop t bao v chng xm thc va
pha hoai ca thin nhin(gio, mua..). B day lop t bao v do thit k theo quy inh
nhung ti thiu bng 10 cm. Lop bao v chi uoc boc i truoc khi thi cng xy dng
cng trinh.
Mc du thi cng trong mua kh nhung trong mua kh nhung trong thoi gian dai s gp
mua vi vy cn ao cac rnh l thin xung quanh cng trinh tiu nuoc mt khi gp
mua nhm am bao tt nht cho cng trinh thi cng.
Truoc khi tin hanh ao t k thut trc ac tin hanh cm cac ct mc xac inh vi tri
kich thuoc h ao. Vi tri ct mc phai nm o ngoai uong i ca xe co gioi va phai uoc
thuong xuyn kim tra.
I .%Gnh !hPi &#@ng ." t
Chiu sau chn ai so voi mt t t nhin la 2.1 m(k ca lop lot b tng).Trn
co so phuong an thi cng ep coc chon phi hop phuong an ao t h mong o phn
truoc (la chon phuong an thi cng coc) o y ta ao thanh 2 ot, ot 1 dung may ao
EO3322B1 ao h mong, cach u coc mt khoang 20cm. ot 2 ao sua h mong bng
th cng cho tung h.
tranh pha v kt cu nn t ng thoi am bao may ao khng cham phai cao
trinh u coc nn chiu su h ao tinh tu mt t thin nhin su xung 1,15 m n cao
trinh trn mt phng u coc 0,2m. Sau o ao bng may kt hop th cng phn t con
lai day 0,8m (k ca phn b tng lot day 0,1m).
- Do mong nm trong lop set deo mm, do vy ta chi tim h s mai dc ca lop nay.
Tra bang 1- 2 (sach K Thut Thi Cng tp 1- TS. inh uc) ung voi lop t set H
3m,
ta uoc dc ca h ao la: m0,25 B H.0,25 2,1.0,25 0,525m.
Vy kich thuoc mt trn h mong : b a 2B
Voi a la canh ay( mo rng).
H la chiu su.
B la mo rng ca ming h mong .
ay hao 1 co kich thuoc: 48,7m x 2m Kich thuoc ay h mong la: 49,5m x 2,8m
(ly khoang cach thi cng la 0,4m) Kich thuoc trn mt hao la:
49,5 2 .0,525 50,55 m.
2,8 2.0,525 3,85 m.
Kich thuoc o vi tri cui ao may la:
49,52.0,525.0,81,9549,93
2,82.0,525.0,81,953,23
127
ay hao 2 co kich thuoc: 49m x 2,9m Kich thuoc ay h mong la: 49,8m x
3,7m (ly khoang cach thi cng la 0,4m) Kich thuoc trn mt hao la:
49,8 2 .0,525 50,85 m.
3,7 2.0,525 4,75 m.
Kich thuoc o vi tri cui ao may la:
49,82.0,525.0,81,9550,23
3,72.0,525.0,81,954,13
Xc *nh !hPi &#@ng t ."3
- Trn co so kich thuoc h ao trn ta chon giai phap ao thanh tung h mong c lp.
- Th tich ao mong uoc tinh toan theo cng thuc:
( ) ( )
H
V . a.b ac . bd c.d
6
1
]
Trong o: H: Chiu cao khi ao.
a,b: Kich thuoc chiu dai, chiu rng ay hao.
c,d: Kich thuoc chiu dai, chiu rng ming hao.
Chiu cao ao bng may 1,15m
Hrq 1
Vy khi luong t ao bng may hao 1:
V
85 , 3 . 55 , 50 ) 85 , 3 93 , 49 ).( 55 , 50 23 , 3 ( 23 , 3 . 93 , 49 . 15 , 1 .
6
1
+ + + +
204,85 m
3
Khi luong ao t th cng cho tung mong ring, chiu cao ao th cng 0,8m
V
9 , 2 . 2 , 3 ) 2 , 3 5 , 2 ).( 9 , 2 8 , 2 ( 8 , 2 . 5 , 2 . 8 , 0 .
6
1
+ + + +
6,49 m
3
-S luong hao 1 la 2 mong
Khi luong ao t bng may ca hao 1:
V204,85x2409,7 m
3
Khi luong coc chim ch(4.1664 coc): 64.0,6.0,4.0,46,144(m
3
)
Khi luong ao t bng th cng ca hao 1 thc t:
V
1
16.6,49-6,14497,696(m
3
)
Hrq o
Vy khi luong t ao bng may mong M1:
V
13 , 4 . 23 , 50 ) 75 , 4 23 , 50 ).( 13 , 4 85 , 50 ( 75 , 4 . 85 , 50 . 15 , 1 .
6
1
+ + + +
258,09 m
3
Khi luong ao t th cng cho tung mong ring, chiu cao ao th cng 0,8m
-Mong M2 V
1 , 4 . 2 , 3 ) 1 , 4 8 , 2 ).( 2 , 3 7 , 3 ( 8 , 2 . 7 , 3 . 8 , 0 .
6
1
+ + + +
9,37 m
3
128
- Mong thang may: V
5 , 4 . 4 , 5 ) 5 , 4 5 ).( 4 , 5 1 , 4 ( 1 , 4 . 5 . 8 , 0 .
6
1
+ + + +
17,9 m
3
-S luong mong M2 la 14 mong
-S luong mong thang may la 2 mong
Khi luong ao t bng may ca hao 1:
V2x258,09516,18 m
3
Khi luong coc chim ch(108coc): 108.0,6.0,4.0,410,368(m
3
)
Khi luong ao t bng th cng ca hao 1 thc t:
V
1
9,37x1417,9x2-10,368156,621(m
3
)
!NG KHI L-NG 7% {T GI)NG MNG
GIANG a (m) b(m) h (m) S luong V (m
3
)
Ging MG ngoai 3.32 1,1 1,6 16 93,49
Ging MG trong 3,57 1,1 1.6 6 37.7
Ging MG thang may 2,44 1,1 1,6 2 8.59
Tng khi luong V
2
139,78
!NG THNG K, C(NG TC 7% {T !)NG M3
Mong Tng khi luong t ao (m
3
)
Hao 1 409.7
Hao 2 516.18
Ging 139,78
T@C bGkY Te@C 1065,66
!NG THNG K, C(NG TC 7% {T TH| C(NG
Mong Tng khi luong t ao (m
3
)
Hao 1 97,696
Hao 2 156,621
T@C bGkY Te@C 254.32
c. 2$! ch1n #h%0n* "n thi c8n* '75 'Kt
Nhn thy cac h ao on cach nhau kha nho nn ta chon giai phap ao ao,va ao
bng may toi cos -1,1m,sau o huy ng nhn lc ao th cng tu ay ging mong toi
cos thit k.
d. 2$! ch1n thit b= thi c8n* '75 'Kt
Chon may ao gu nghich EO 4321A
129
Cac thng s ca may :
Dung tich gu : 0,65m
3
.
Ban kinh ao : 9,2m.
Chiu cao : 5,5 m.
Chiu su ao : 5,5m.
Trong luong may : 19,2 T.
Chiu rng may: 3 m.
Nng sut ao:
N q
d
t
k
k
n
ck
K
tg
(m
3
h)
q 0,8m
3
( dung tich gu )
k
0,8 ( h s y gu t cp I kh( 0,75 0,9))

k
t
1,4 (h s toi xp ca t )
K
tg
0,7 (h s thoi gian )
n
ck

ck
3600
T
T
ck
t
ck
.k
vt
. k
quay

May EO-4321 co t
ck
17 giy
Goc quay 90
0
k
vt
1
t ln thung xe k
quay
1,1
T
ck
17. 1,1.1 18,7(s )
S chu ky ca may trong 1 gio :
n
ck
360018,7 192,5(h
-1
)
Nng sut ao:
N 0,8.(0,81,4).192,5. 0,7 61,6 m
3
h
Nng sut mi ca:
N 61,6.8 492,8 m
3
ca ( ca may 8 gio )
S ca may cn thit ao ht t mong:
n
V
N

8 , 492
685,27
1,39ca ; Chon 1,5 ca
?. KJ th<t thi c8n* '75 'Kt
$ |." thy cng
Nguyn tc co ban thi cng co hiu qua la phai chon dung cu co hiu qua la phai
chon dung cu thich hop
-Nguyn tc thu hai la phai tim cach lam giam kho khn cho thi cng nhu tng giam
m,hoc lam kh mt bng khu vc thi cng
130
-Nguyn tc thu 3 la phai thi cng hop ly.Khi ao t o khu vc co nuoc mua thi phai
ao truoc mt rnh su thu nuoc vao 1 ch bom thoat i.nh thu nuoc lun lun
uoc thc hin truoc mi ot ao
Khi ao t gp cat chay hoc bun chay thi phai lam h co tng loc nguoc gan ly
nuoc trong ri moi bom nuoc i.Khng uoc bom trc tip nuoc co cat
i voi h ao rng co bun chay phai lam hang coc chng,lot phn va rom chng cat
chay,nu ao su cn lam theo dang bc thang.
Thoi im tt nht thi cng t la mua kh,it mua,nu vao mua mua thi phai co
bin phap chng nuoc mua o mt bng chay vao mong.
Khi ao t nu co su khng lon va t co dinh kt tt ta co th ao thng
ung,khi o phai ao t co chng vach ao
|." IWng my
Nn b tri quan h giua dung tich xe vn chuyn va may ao
-Trong khi ao cn luu y sua li di chuyn ca may va tao uong vn chuyn nng
cao nng sut ca may ao
-Chon loai may phu hop voi tung mt bng va khi luong cng tac nng cao nng
sut va giam gia thanh san phm
o1o1 TGY AB@C TNO PND
!. HI< c>< +J th<t +hi thi c8n* lK# 'Kt
Cht luong ca t nn anh huong trc tip n cng truong xy dng trn no. Do vy
am bao cht luong cng trinh ta phai tin hanh lp t theo ung cac yu cu k
thut.
Sau khi thao d van khun mong, phai tin hanh lp t mong n cos ay ging mong
thi cng ging mong. Dung may may xuc vn chuyn vao trong va san gat, th
cng, m bng m coc, cac loai may m co trong tai lon khng uoc phep hoat ng
trn pham vi h ao vi th anh huong n cht luong b tng moi
Khi thi cng p t phai am bao t nn co m trong pham vi khng ch. Nu t
kh thi tuoi thm nuoc, t qua uot thi phai co bin phap giam m, t nn uoc
m cht, am bao theo thit k.
Voi t p h mong, su dung t ao thi phai am bao cht luong.
t va san nn u thanh tung lop. Trai toi u thi m ngay toi o, khng nn trai
lop t m qua mong nhu vy s lam pha huy cu truc t. Trong mong khng nn su
dung nhiu loai t.
Nn lp t u nhau thanh tung lop, khng nn lp tu mt phia s gy ra lc ap cho
cng trinh. Khi m thi tin hanh m tu mep bin vao giua.
b. 2$! ch1n #h%0n* "n thi c8n* lK# 'Kt
(h#0ng n 13 Lp t bng co gioi
131
u im: Phuong an nay su dung cac loai may hin co thi cng lp t loi dung suc
may nn thi cng nhanh.
Nhuoc im: Khng th lp thanh tung lop bng phng m t, may khng th
tip cn moi vi tri ca h lp
(h#0ng n 23 Lp t bng th cng
uu im: Phuong an nay su dung cng nhn lp t nn rt tin cho vic san lp
thanh tung lop m t ng thoi co th thi cng uoc cac vi tri gn sat mong
Nhuoc im: Tn nhiu nhn lc, nng sut thp, voi khi luong t lp cng trinh
kha lon nn phuong phap nay khng kha thi
(h#0ng n 33 Kt hop giua co gioi va th cng
y la phuong an ti uu thi cng. Dung may vn chuyn t n h ao, sau o
nhn cng dung cac phuong tin nhu cuc xeng, xe cai tin vn chuyn t vao bn trong
mong. Theo phuong an nay s giam ti a thoi gian thi cng va tao iu kin cho phuong
tin i lai thun tin khi thi cng.
Cng trinh co khi luong t tuong i lon, ng thoi y nhanh tin thi cng va
tng nng xut. Chon phuong an lp t bng co gioi kt hop th cng, tin hanh lp t
mong trong 2 ot:
ot 1: Sau khi thi cng xong thao d cp pha mong, tin hanh lp t n ct ay
ging.
ot 2: Sau khi thi cng xong thao d van khun ging mong, tin hanh lp t tn nn
Khi va lp t phai lam theo tung lop tu 0,20,3m, lp toi u m toi o at
cuong theo thit k
Su dung may m co trong luong nho, d di chuyn tranh anh huong toi kt cu
mong, chon may m coc Mikasa 4PS
Tai vi tri mong phai m u 4 goc tranh gy lch tm mong. am bao cac vi tri
uoc m u nhung chu y cuong ca ging mong thi cng sau, phuong an nay thi
cng nhip nhang theo phuong phap dy chuyn. Phn khu lp t mong, m t mong
va thi cng ging. Vi vy co th vua thi cng lp t mong ng thoi cho nhn cng
b tng lot ging mong va lam cp pha, ct thep va b tng ging.
c. 34nh t5"n +h,i l%Ln* 'Kt lK#
Khi luong t lp:
V
lp
V
ao
- V
mong
Trong o: V
lp
: Khi luong t lp
V
ao
: Khi luong ao
V
mong
: Khi luong mong b tng va mong gach.
132
- Ta tin hanh tinh toan khi luong b tng lot mong va b tng ai mong, c mong
va ging mong.
V a.b. h
a: la canh ca mong
b: la canh ngn ca mong;
h: la chiu cao h mong
!NG KHI L-NG !, T(NG LT MNG ; 5X CM
V5M MC 100
Mong a (m) b(m) h (m) S luong V (m
3
)
Mong M1 1,9 2,2 0,1 20 8,36
Mong M2 2,2 2,9 0,1 10 6,38
Mong cu thang may 4,3 5,2 0,1 2 4,47
Ging MG1 4,8 0,5 0,1 20 4,8
Ging MG2 6,3 0,5 0,1 4 1,26
Ging MG3 3,2 0,5 0,1 4 0,64
Ging MG4 5 0,5 0,1 4 1
Ging MG5 4,55 0,5 0,1 12 2,73
Ging MG6 5,7 0,5 0,1 2 0,57
Ging MG7 4,8 0,5 0,1 4 0,96
Ging MG8 3,6 0,5 0,1 2 0,36
Tng khi luong V
1
31,53
!NG KHI L-NG !, T(NG MNG LGI)NG MNG 1 5 oCM MC
=00
3
)
Mong M1 1,7 2 1,2 20 81,6
Mong M2 2 2,9 1,2 10 69,6
Mong cu thang may 4,1 5 1,2 2 49,2
Ging MG1 4,8 0,3 0,7 20 20,16
Ging MG2 6,3 0,3 0,7 4 5,29
Ging MG3 3,2 0,3 0,7 4 2,69
Ging MG4 5 0,3 0,7 4 4,2
Ging MG5 4,55 0,3 0,7 12 11,47
Ging MG6 5,7 0,3 0,7 2 2,39
Ging MG7 4,8 0,3 0,7 4 4,03
Ging MG8 3,6 0,3 0,7 2 1,51
Tng khi luong V
2
252,14
!NG KHI L-NG !, T(NG C+ MNG 1 5oCM MC =00
133
3
)
Mong M1 0,4 0,6 0,8 20 3,84
Mong M2 0,5 0,7 0,8 10 2,8
Tng khi luong V
3
6,64
Khi luong btng mong dung cho toan cng trinh:
V
mong
V
1
V
2
V
3
31,53252,146,64 290,31 m
3
Sau khi xong btng mong, ta tin hanh lp h mong. Luong t dung lp h
mong la:
V
lp
V
ao
- V
mong
K
toi
685,27 290,31 1,2 443,35 m
3
Khi luong t thua:
V
thua
V
ao
V
lp
685,27 443,35 241,92 m
3
Trn co so tinh toan khi luong t lp ta tin hanh chon phuong an thi cng lp
t.
d. 2$! ch1n #h%0n* "n thi c8n* lK# 'Kt
$ (h#0ng n &p t h".n t".n IWng thy cng3
- Thi cng t th cng la phuong phap thi cng truyn thng. Dung cu lam t la
dung cu c truyn nhu: xeng, cuc, xe rua , ... vn chuyn t nguoi ta dung, xe cut
kit mt banh, xe cai tin...
- Nu thi cng theo phuong phap lp t bng th cng thi tuy co uu im la on gian,
d t chuc theo dy chuyn. Nhung voi khi luong lp t cung kha lon thi s luong
cng nhn phai lon moi am bao uoc rut ngn thoi gian thi cng, do vy nu t chuc
khng tt thi s gy tro ngai cho nhau dn n nng sut lao ng giam, khng bao am
uoc tin .
$ (h#0ng n &p t h".n t".n IWng my3
- Vic lp hoan toan bng may s cho nng sut cao,
thoi gian thi cng ngn, tinh co gioi cao. Nu thi cng
theo phuong phap nay thi co uu im ni bt la rut ngn
thoi gian thi cng, tit kim uoc nhn lc.Tuy nhin
vic thi cng lp t hoan toan bng co gioi trong iu
kin ai mong, ging mong va c mong vua moi song
khoan vai ngay, cuong b tng mong chua at n
cuong cho phep s lam anh huong n cuong phat
trin ca b tng, nn ta khng th lp t hoan toan bng
co gioi uoc
134
$ (h#0ng n !t h@p giL= c0 gii 1. thy cng.
- y la phuong an ti uu thi cng.
- Theo phuong an nay ta s giam ti a thoi gian thi cng, vua am bao ung quy trinh
k thut va khng anh huong n cuong phat trin ca b tng mong va tao iu kin
cho phuong tin i lai thun tin khi thi cng.
Vy ta chon lp t cho cng trinh bng phuong an kt hop giua co gioi va th cng
la hop ly.
Ta vn su dung may ao nhn hiu May EO-4321A co t
ck
17 giy
Nng sut mi ca:
N 61,6.8 492,8 m
3
ca ( ca may 8 gio )
S ca may cn thit lp ht t mong:
n
V
K

8 , 492
35 , 443
0,9 ca ; Chon1 ca
?. Ch1n x? 6n ch<(n
am bao v sinh mi truong va m quan khu vc xy dng nn khi t chuc thi
cng ao t ta phai tinh toan khi luong ao, p bit luong t thua, thiu phai vn
chuyn di noi khac hay chuyn v p.
V
thua
450,43 m
3
Qung uong vn chuyn trung binh: L 5km
Thoi gian 1 chuyn xe:
I , ch
X X
t t t t
V V
+ + + +
Trong o: t
b
la thoi gian cho t vao thung.Tinh theo nng sut may ao 61,6m
3
h
Chon xe vn chuyn la TK 20GD Nissan co dung tich thung la 5m
3
. t y
thung xe (gia su t chi uoc 80th tich thung) la:
0,8.5
.60 3,9
61, 6
t
I

phut
Vn tc xe luc i va luc quay v: v
1
30 (kmh), v
2
35 (kmh),
Thoi gian t va cho tranh xe la: t
2 phut, t
ch
3 phut.
5 5
3,9 .60 2 .60 3 27, 47
30 35
t + + + + (phut)
S chuyn xe trong mt ca: 8.6027,47 17,47 (chuyn)
Th tich t quy i:V
q
k
t
.V
th
1,2.241,92 290,3 m
3
(k
t
1,2 la h s toi ca t)
S xe cn thit trong mt ca: n 290,3(5.17,47) 3,3 xe
Nhu vy khi ao mong bng may cn 4 xe vn chuyn.
*. KJ th<t thi c8n* lK# 'Kt
Ta s lp t bng may xuc gu nghich ung o bn ngoai cng trinh xuc t vao
tung h mong ri dung nhn cng th cng san ra bng phng tung lop day tu 30cm n
135
40cm ri dung may m con coc m cac h mong ung theo quy trinh quy pham k
thut .
o1=1 CÀ M^ Ak bGY DGY AB@C TNO PND
Khi lp t voi khi luong lon co th gy sut lo h ao dn n vui lp cng nhn
ang lp t,hoc may moc thit bi roi xung h.
=1 TGY AB@C PrY Kv@CL CYn@C Kv@C1
=111 CB@C DÀ AGI@ jS DEewA bGY DGY AB@C PrY Kv@C
!. Mi"c m)n*
- Truoc khi thi cng phn mong, nguoi thi cng phai kt hop voi nguoi o ac
trai vi tri cng trinh trong ban v ra hin truong xy dng. Trn ban v thi cng tng
mt bng phai co luoi o ac va xac inh y toa ca tung hang muc cng
trinh. Bn canh o phai ghi r cach xac inh luoi toa , da vao vt chun sn co,
da vao mc chun va ct chun ma ch u tu ban giao , cach chuyn mc vao
ia im xy dng.
- Trai luoi trn ban v thanh luoi trn mt hin truong va toa ca goc nha
giac mong. Chu y n s mo rng do ao dc mai t.
- Khi giac mong cn dung nhung coc g ong su cach mep ao 2m. Trn cac coc,
ong ming g co chiu day 20mm, rng 150mm, dai hon kich thuoc mong phai ao
400mm. ong inh ghi du truc ca mong va hai mep mong; sau o ong 2 inh vao
hai mep ao k n mai dc. Dung cu nay co tn la nga anh du truc mong.
- Cng dy thep (d1mm) ni cac uong mep ao. Ly vi bt rc ln dy thep
cng mep mong nay lam cu ao.
- Phn ao bng may cung ly vi bt anh du vi tri ao.
b. N# bI t8n* '>< c1c
am bao lin kt ca coc vao ai ta phai ngam coc vao ai 1 oan 50cm,trong o
phn p u coc la 40cm. Ta su dung cac dung cu nhu may pha b tng, choong,
uc...va lam tro thep u coc ra va dung vam nhn thep u coc hinh chu V
- Yu cu ca b mt b tng u coc sau khi pha phai co nham , phai v sinh sach
s b mt u coc truoc khi b tng ai nhm am bao lin kt giua b tng ai va b
tng coc.
Khi ao t n cao trinh cach u coc khoang 20cm thi ta tin hanh ao th cng n
cao trinh ay ai ri p u coc
136
c. 3hi c8n* bI t8n* l)t m)n*
- Dng Gabari tam inh vi truc mong, ct cao bng may kinh vi va may thy binh.
Tu o cng dy, tha doi ong coc st
10 inh vi tim mong .

- B tng lot mong co khi luong nho, cuong thp nn uoc th cng.
- Cn cu vao tinh cht cng vic va tin thi cng cng trinh cung nhu luong b tng
cn trn, ta chon may trn qua l, xe y m hiu SB - 91 (theo s tay chon may xy
dng ca Nguyn Tin Thu) co cac thng s sau:
M hiu
V thung trn
(lit)
V xut liu (lit)
N quay thung
(vongphut)
Thoi gian trn
(giy)
SB 91 750 500 18,6 60
Nng sut ca may trn qua l :
N V
huu ich
.k
1
.k
2
.n
Trong o:
V
huu ich
V
xl
500 (l) 0,5 (m
3
).
k
1
0,7 la h s thanh phn ca b tng.
k
2
0,8 la h s su dung may trn theo thoi gian.
n
ck
3600
T
la s me trn trong 1 gio.
T
ck
t
vao
t
trn
t
ra

t
vao
20 (s) la thoi gian vt liu vao thung.
t
trn
60 (s) la thoi gian trn b tng.
t
ra
20 (s) la thoi gian b tng ra.

T
ck
20 60 20 100 (s)

n
3600
36
100
( megio )

N 0,5.0,7.0,8.36 10,08 (m
3
h)
Vy , Dung 1 may trn thi thoi gian trn ht luong b tng lot mong la:
t
08 , 10
53 , 31
K
V
3,13 gio
May trn b tng uoc t o vi tri giua mt ngoai cng trinh.
Vua b tng sau khi uoc trn bng may xong ln xe rua chuyn n vi tri h
mong theo uong van lot rng 60 cm vao vi tri cn lam lot mong. Li van lot
uoc rai trc tip ln nn t ,cac tm van di chuyn dn theo vi tri b tng .
Vua b tng phai deo, ung mac thit k. B tng rai n u thi m nen n
y, khng dn vua thanh ng hoc rai vua qua lu moi m, vua s bi kh giam cht
luong. Dung m ban m.
137
=1o1 L^V AG~@ jYc@ OGÒ DGY AB@C j? DB@C Kv@CLCYn@C Kv@C
!. 34nh t5"n +h,i l%Ln* bI t8n* m)n*,*iGn* m)n*
V
lot mong
31,53 m
3
V
mong ging
252,14 m
3
V
c mong
6,64 m
3
( tinh toan o phn truoc)
I. XO= ch+n Iin php thi cng I tng mng\giWng mng
Hin nay ang tn tai ba dang chinh v thi cng b tng :
Th cng hoan toan.
Ch trn tai ch.
B tng thuong phm.
Thi cng b tng th cng hoan toan chi dung khi khi luong b tng nho va ph
bin trong khu vc nha dn. Nhung ung v mt khi luong thi dang nay lai la quan
trong vi co n 50 b tng uoc dung la thi cng theo phuong phap nay. Tinh trang
cht luong ca loai b tng nay rt tht thuong va khng uoc theo di, xet v khia canh
quan ly.
-Vic ch trn tai ch cho nhung cng ty co phuong tin t thanh lp noi chua
trn b tng. Loai dang nay ch yu nhm vao cac cng ty Xy dng quc doanh co
tn tui. Mt trong nhung ly do phai t chuc theo phuong phap nay la tic re may moc
sn co. Vic t chuc t san sut b tng co nhiu nhuoc im trong khu quan ly cht
luong. Nu mun quan ly tt cht luong, on vi su dung b tng phai u tu h thng bao
m cht luong tt, u tu kha cho khu thi nghim va co i ngu thi nghim xung ang.
-B tng thuong phm ang uoc nhiu on vi su dung tt. B tng thuong phm co
nhiu uu im trong khu bao am cht luong va thi cng thun loi. B tng thuong
phm kt hop voi may bom b tng la mt t hop rt hiu qua.
Xet ring gia theo m
3
b tng thi gia b tng thuong phm so voi b tng t ch tao
cao hon 50. Nu xet theo tng th thi gia b tng thuong phm chi con cao hon b tng
t trn 1520. Nhung v mt cht luong thi vic su dung b tng thuong phm kha n
inh.
Hin nay trn khu vc Ha ni co nhiu noi cung cp b tng thuong phm voi
s luong ngay ln n 1000m
3
(Thinh Lit, Vit-uc, Vinaconex,...). Mt khac, mt bng
cng trinh hp nn kho b tri tram trn va khi luong b tng mong kha lon (V
580,515m
3
), do vy am bao thi cng nhanh cung nhu cht luong Kt cu, chon
phuong phap thi cng bng b tng thuong phm la hop ly hon ca. B tng lot thi
bng th cng con b tng ai va ging mong thi bng may bom b tng .
=1=1 Tl@G Dq`@ ABO OGV Kv@CLCYn@C Kv@C
138
!. 2$! ch1n #h%0n* "n c,# #h! m)n*,*iGn* m)n*
Hin nay trn thi truong ang tn tai ba dang van khun chinh o la:
- Cp pha g xe
- Cp pha nha ( FVI)
- Cp pha thep.
. Cp ph= g} 5~3
u im: t thng dung trn thi truong, gia thanh tuong i thp hon so voi cp
pha thep va cp pha nha , co tinh linh ng cao, gon nh d thi cng
Kh#@c im: Cp pha g co cuong chiu lc thp , hay bi cong vnh , cht luong
cp pha g khng ng nht kho kim tra, tinh lun chuyn su dung khng uoc nhiu.
Nn ta khng su dung cp pha g lam van khun.
. Cp ph= nhO= / kjVp2
u im3 Gia thanh tuong i hop ly, vi cp pha nha uoc inh hinh sn nn vic
thi cng lp rap uoc tin loi.
$ Kh#@c im: vi cp pha nha inh hinh sn nn kho tao hinh dang kich thuoc theo y
mun, kho gia cng, tinh lun chuyn it , hay bi hu hong va mt mat nn ta khng chon
ua thi cng cng trinh.
. Cp ph= th`p :
$u im:
- Co tinh van nng, uoc lp ghep cho cac i tuong kt cu khac nhau: mong
khi lon, san, dm, ct, b ...
- Trong luong cac van nho, tm nng nht khoang 16kg, thich hop cho vic vn
chuyn lp, thao bng th cng.
- H s lun chuyn lon do o s giam uoc chi phi van khun sau mt thoi gian su
dung.o moi noi u mua v gia cng uoc, va lun chuyn uoc nhiug ln, kha nng
chiu lc ang tin cy.
$ Kh#@c im:
- Vn u tu ban u tuong i lon. .
- Tu cac phuong an phn tich trn ta thy Cp pha thep co nhiu tinh nng tt nn
ta su dung Cp pha thep thit k thi cng xy dng cho cng trinh nay.
- Sau khi t ct thep ta tin hanh ghep van khun ai va ging mong. Cng tac ghep
van khun co th uoc uoc tin hanh song song voi cng tac ct thep.
b. 34nh t5"n c,# #h! m)n*,*iGn* m)n*
-Ta su dung loai van khun thep do cng ty VI NETS Nht Ban san xut.
-Chon loai Cp pha: Cp pha thep inh hinh uoc lin kt voi nhau bng cac khoa chu
.
B cp pha thep bao gm :
139
Cac tm khun chinh.
Cac tm goc (trong va ngoai).
Cac tm cp pha nay uoc ch tao bng tn, co suon doc va suon ngang day 3mm,
mt khun day 2mm.
Cac phu kin lin kt : moc kp chu , cht chu L.
Thanh chng kim loai.
Cac c tinh k thut ca tm van khun uoc nu trong bang sau:
Bang c tinh k thut ca tm khun phng :
ng
(mm)
Dai
(mm)
Cao
(mm)
Mmen quan
tinh (cm
4
)
Mmen khang un
(cm
3
)
300
300
250
200
150
150
100
1800
1500
1200
1200
900
750
600
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
28,46
28,46
22,58
20,02
17,63
17,63
15,68
6,55
6,55
4,57
4,42
4,3
4,3
4,08
. %Gnh t"n cPp ph= mng
%Gnh t"n cPp ph= mng/%Gnh t"n in hhnh ch" mng a12
- Nhu tinh toan va thit k mong ta co. Mong M1 ai mong co kich thuoc dai 2,9m
, rng 2,7m, cao 1,2 vi ta su dung van khun thep inh hinh sn nn ta t hop van khun
thep cho tung mong nhu sau :
Voi canh 2 m ta chon 8 tm van khun co kich thuoc 250x1200mm
Voi canh 1,7m ta chon 7 tm van khun co kich thuoc 250x1200mm
phn con thiu ta su dung thm cp pha g chn vao cho kin.
7 80 _ tGnh t"n3
Goi khoang cach giua cac suon ngang la l
sn
, coi van khun mong nhu dm lin tuc
nhiu nhip va nhn cac suon ngang lam gi ta. Ta co so tinh
140
7 %i tr+ng tGnh t"n3
TT Tn tai trong Cng thuc tinh n
q
tt
(KGm
2
)
q
tc
(KGcm
2
)
1 p lc b tng moi q
1
tc

xH2500x0,7 1,3 2275 1750

2
Tai trong do m b
tng
q
2
tc
200KGm
2
1,3 260 200
3
Tai trong do BT
( may bom)
q
3
tc
400KGm
2
1,3 520 400
4 Tng tai trong q q
1
q
3
2795 2150
Do ai mong cao 1,2m nn ta chon l
sn
60 cm
7 %Gnh t"n cp ph= thH" !h nong ch*u &Oc3
Tinh toan cho tm van khun co b rng b25cm thi co
25
4,57 cm
3
q
b
tt
q
tt
.b 2795.0,25 698,75KG m 6,99KGcm
M men trn nhip ca dm lin tuc la :

tt 2
b sn
max
q .l
M ..
10

Trong o:
: Cuong ca van khun kim loai 2100 (Kgcm
2
)
0,9 - h s iu kin lam vic ca thep

: M men khang un ca van khun
141
s tnh ton vn khun i mng
vk thp s!n ng"ng
s!n #ng
q
tt
b
q
tt
b
$%
&
1'
q
tt
b
$%
&
1'
(
)
*
(
)
*
Tu o sn
tt
b
10... 10.2100.4,57.0,9
l 60(cm) 111,16(cm)
6,99
q
Vy khoang cach giua cac a ngang chon nhu vy la thoa mn kha nng chiu lc
7 Fim tr= thH" iu !in Iin ,'ng.
- vng I uoc tinh theo cng thuc :
tc 4
b sn
q .l
I
128.E.J
Voi thep ta co: E 2,1.10
6
Kgcm
2
; J 22,58 cm
4

q
b
tc
q
tc
.b 2150.0,25 537,5 KG m 5,38KGcm

4
6
5,38.60
I 0,011(cm)
128.2,1.10 .22,58
- vng cho phep :
[ ]
1
I .600,15(cm)
400
Ta thy: I I, do o khoang cach giua cac suon ngang bng l
sn
60 cm la am bao.
$ %Gnh t"n s#4n ng=ng cPp ph= mng
7 80 _ tGnh t"n3
Tinh suon ngang nhu mt dm lin nhiu nhip va nhn cac suon ung lam gi ta.
Ta co so tinh
7 %i tr+ng tGnh t"n3
q
sn
tt
q
tt
. l
sn
2795.0,6 1677 KG m 16,77KGcm
7 %Gnh t"n cPp ph= thH" !h nong ch*u &Oc3
Suon ngang ta chon g nhom IV, gia thit ta chon a ngang co kinh thuoc (8x10)cm
142
s+
q
tt
sn
(s+ (s+
s tnh ton s!n ng"ng
q
tt
sn
$%
&
1'
m
m", -
(s+
[ ]
max
g
M
o
ma
tt 2
sn sd
max
q .L
M
10
,
2
b.h
6
Trong o:

[ ]
g
150 (KGcm
2
)
: M men khang un ca suon ngang ,
2
3
8.10
133,33(cm )
6
Tu o l
sd

10.150.133,33
109,21(cm)
16,77
Chon l
s
80 cm

tc 4
sn sd
q .l
I
128.E.J
Voi g ta co: E 1,10
5
Kgcm
2
; J
3
8.10
666,67
12
cm
4

q
sn
tc
q
tc
.l
sn
2150. 0,6 1290 KG m 12,90KGcm

4
5
12,9.80
I 0,05(cm)
128.1,2.10 .666,67
- vng cho phep :
[ ]
sd
1 1.80
I .l 0,2
400 400
(cm)
Ta thy: I I, do o khoang cach giua cac suon ung bng l
s
80 cm la am
bao.
. %Gnh t"n cPp ph= giWng mng
$ %Gnh t"n cPp ph= giWng mng
- Thit k van khun thanh ging mong ( cao 700)
- Theo chiu cao thanh ging ta chon 2 tm van khun (200x1200) va 1 tm
300x1800 xp nm ngang theo chiu dai ging mong.
- Nhung ch nao bi ho, thiu van khun ta bu vao bng nhung tm van g hoc
nhung tm van khun khac cho kin tuy theo yu cu thc t.
7 80 _ tGnh t"n cp ph= giWng mng3
- Cp pha ging mong uoc tinh toan nhu mt dm lin tuc nhiu nhip nhn thanh
np ung lam gi ta. Ta co so tinh toan nhu hinh v
143
7 %i tr+ng tGnh t"n:
TT
Tn tai trong Cng thuc tinh n q
tt
(KGm
2
) q
tc
(KGcm
2
)
1
p lc b tng moi
q
1
tc

.H2500.0,7 1,3
2275 1750
2
Tai trong do m b
tng
q
2
tc
200KGm
2
1,3 260 200
3
Tai trong do BT
( may bom)
q
3
tc
400KGm
2
1,3 520 400
4 T@C DdY DEq@C q q
1
q
3
o_< o=<0
7 %Gnh t"n th.nh 1n !hun thH" !h nong ch*u &Oc:
30
6,55 cm
3
q
g
tt
q
tt
.b 2795.0,3838,5KG m 8,39KGcm

tt 2
g nd
max
q .l
M ..
10

144
(
n+
3''
.
'
'
/h0ng 1ho
q
tt
sn
(
n+
(
n+
s tnh ton vk gi2ng mng
q
tt
g
$%
&
1'
m
m", -
/h0ng 1h3n
s tnh ton vk gi2ng mng
4u %ng gi2ng
/h0ng ph5nh
67 8hp
*9p #ng
*9p ng"ng
n+
6:ng mi;ng
Trong o:
2
)

Tu o sn
tt
b
10... 10.2100.6,55.0,9
l 121,47(cm)
8,39
q
Do iu kin kich thuoc ca van khun dai 1,8m nn ta chon khoang cach giua
cac np ung la: l
nd
60 cm
7 Fim tr= thH" iu !in Iin ,'ng cy= 1n !hun:
tc 4
g nd
q .l
I
128.E.J
6
Kgcm
2
; J 28,46 cm
4

q
b
tc
q
tc
. b 2350.0,3 705 KG m 7,05KGcm

4
6
7,05.60
I 0,012(cm)
128.2,1.10 .28,46
- vng cho phep :
[ ]
1
I .600,15(cm)
400
Ta thy I I ~Vy khoang cach giua cac np ung la 60cm van khun thanh thoa
mn iu kin cuong va vng
$ %Gnh t"n np ng cp ph= giWng mng
- Tinh np ung nhu mt dm on gian nhn np ngang va thanh chng lam gi ta.
7 80 _ tGnh3
- Tai trong tinh toan .
q
n
tt
q
tt
.l
n
2795.0,6 1677KGm 16,77KGcm.
145
q
tt
b
$%
&
.
m
m", -
nn
q
tt
b
% nn
7 %Gnh t"n np ng thH" !h nong ch*u &Oc.
Chon np ung bng g nhom IV, co kich thuoc tit din: 6x8cm.
Momen lon nht trn nhip:
[ ]
max
g
M
o
ma
tt 2
q .L
nd nn
M
max
8
,
2
b.h
6
Trong o:

[ ]
g
150 (KGcm
2
)
: M men khang un ca suon ngang,
2
6.8
3
64(cm )
6
Tu o l
nn

8.150.64
67,67(cm)
16,77
Chon l
nn
60 cm

tc 4
5.q .l
nd nn
I
384.E.J
Voi g ta co: E 1,2.10
5
Kgcm
2
; J
3
6.8
256
12
cm
4

q
sn
tc
q
tc
.l
sn
2350.0,6 1410 KG m 14,1 KGcm

4
5.14,1.60
I 0,079(cm)
5
384.1,2.10 .256
- vng cho phep :
[ ]
1 1.60
I .l 0,15
sd
400 400
(cm)
Ta thy: I I, do o khoang cach giua cac np ngang bng l
nn
60 cm la am
bao.
. %Gnh t"n cPp ph= cN mng
- Kich thuoc van khun c ct lon nht la (50x70) cm va ta b tng ln n cos
0.000 cao 0,8m
-Canh 70cm ta chon cp pha thep dung 2 tm (0,25x1,2)m va 1 tm (0,2x1,2)m
ghep lai, phia 50cm ta ghep 2 tm (0,25x1,2)m
7 80 _ tGnh t"n3
- Xem van khun c ct lam vic nhu mt dm lin tuc chiu tai trong tac ng phn
b u va uoc k ln cac gi ta la cac gng ct.Gng c ct ta chon gng kim loai thep
146
hinh lin kt voi nhau bng cac moc khoa. Vy tinh toan van khun c ct la tinh toan
khoang cach giua cac gng ct.
Ta co so tinh
7 %i tr+ng tGnh t"n:
Sau khi thi cng ai mong va ging mong bng b tng thuong phm xong, ta moi
tin hanh thi cng c mong. Vi khi luong b tng c ct it nn ta chon bin phap thi
cng b tng c ct bng bng phuong phap trn th cng.
STT
Tn tai trong Cng thuc tinh n q
tt
(KGm
2
) q
tc
(KGcm
2
)
1
p lc b tng
moi
q
1
tc

xH2500x0,7 1,3 2275 1750

2
Tai trong do
m b tng
q
2
tc
200KGm
2
1,3 260 200
3
Tai trong do
BT bng TC
q
3
tc
200KGm
2
1,3 260 200
4 Tng tai trong q q
1
q
2
2535 1950
7 %Gnh t"n cp ph= thH" !h nong ch*u &Oc3 Tinh toan cho tm van khun co b rng
b30cm thi co
30
6,55 cm
3
q
g
tt
q
tt
.b 2795.0,3838,5KG m 8,39KGcm

tt 2
g nd
max
q .l
M ..
10

Trong o:
2
)

147
%
g
%
g
q
tt
b
$%
&
1'
q
tt
b
$%
&
1'
q
tt
b
g
g
Tu o l
g
39 , 8
9 , 0 . 55 , 6 . 2100 . 10 . . . 10

tt
I
Z
J
121,47 cm
Do iu kin kich thuoc ca van khun dai 1,2m nn ta chon khoang cach giua
cac np ung la: l
nd
60 cm

tc 4
q .l
b g
I
128.E.J
6
Kgcm
2
; J J
10
22,58 cm
4

q
b
tc
q
tc
.b 1950.0,25 487,5 KG m 4,88KGcm
I
22,58 . 10 . 1 , 2 . 128
60 . 88 , 4
6
4
0,01 cm
- vng cho phep :
[ ]
1 150
I .l 0,375(cm)
g
400 400
Ta thy: I I, do o khoang cach giua cac gng bng l
g
60 cm la am bao.
=1;1 CB@C DÀ AkD DGOLAkO OGV Kv@CLCYn@C Kv@C
!. C8n* t"c c,t th# m)n*,*iGn* m)n*
$. KhLng yu c)u chung Pi 1i cng tc cPt th`p.
- Ct thep dung trong kt cu b tng ct thep phai am bao cac yu cu ca thit
k, ng thoi phu hop voi tiu chun thit k TCVN 5574P : 1991 "Kt cu b tng ct
thep" va TCVN 1651: 1985 "Thep ct b tng".
- i voi thep nhp khu cn co cac chung chi ki thut km theo va cn ly mu thi
nghim kim tra theo TCVN 197: 1985 "Kim loai -Phuong phap thu keo" va TCVN 198 :
1985 "Kim loai -Phuong phap thu un".
- Ct thep co th gia cng tai hin truong hoc tai nha may nhung nn am bao muc
co gioi phu hop voi khi luong thep tuong ung cn gia cng.
Khng nn su dung trong cung mt cng trinh nhiu loai thep co hinh dang va kich
thuoc hinh hoc nhu nhau, nhung tinh cht co li khac nhau.
- Ct thep truoc khi gia cng va truoc khi b tng cn am bao:
- B mt sach, khng dinh bun t, du m, khng co vy st va cac lop ri;
- Cac thanh thep bi bp, bi giam tit din do lam sach hoc do cac nguyn nhn khac
khng vuot qua gioi han cho phep la 2 uong kinh. Nu vuot qua gioi han nay thi loai
thep o uoc su dung theo din tich tit din thc t con lai;
148
- Ct thep cn uoc keo, un va nn thng.
- Ct va un ct thep
- Ct va un ct thep chi uoc thc hin bng cac phuong phap co hoc.
- Ct thep phai uoc ct un phu hop voi hinh dang, kich thuoc cua thit k. San phm
ct thep ct va un uoc tin hanh kim tra theo tung l. Mi l gm 100 thanh thep
tung loai ct va un, cu mi l ly 5 thanh bt ki kim tra.
$. wi= cng cPt th`p.
- Gia cng ct thep phai uoc tin hanh o khu vc ring, xung quanh co rao chn va
bin bao .
- Ct, un, keo ct thep phai dung nhung thit bi chuyn dung, phai co bin phap ngn
ngua thep vng khi ct ct thep co oan dai hon hoc bng 0,3 m.
- Ban gia cng ct thep phai uoc c inh chc chn, nu ban gia cng ct thep co
cng nhn lam vic o hai gia thi o giua phai co luoi thep bao v cao it nht la 1,0 m. Ct
thep lam xong phai ung ch quy inh.
- Khi nn thng ct thep tron cun bng may phai che chn bao him o truc cun truoc
khi mo may ,hm ng co khi ua u ni thep vao truc cun.
- Khi gia cng ct thep va lam sach ri phai trang bi y phuong tin bao v ca nhn
cho cng nhn.
- Khng dung keo tay khi ct thanh thep thanh cac mu ngn hon 30 cm.
- Truoc khi chuyn nhung tm luoi khung ct thep n vi tri lp t phai kim tra cac
mi han, nut buc .Khi ct bo nhung phn mep thua o trn cao cng nhn phai eo dy
an toan, bn duoi phai co bin bao. Khi han ct thep cho cn tun theo cht ch quy inh
ca quy pham .
-Buc ct thep phai dung dung cu chuyn dung, cm buc bng tay thep trong thit k.
- Ni thep: vic ni buc (chng ln nhau) i voi cac loai cng trinh uoc thc hin
theo quy inh ca thit k. Khng ni o ch chiu lc lon va ch un cong. Trong 1 mt
ct ngang ca tit din ngang khng qua 25 tng din tich ca ct thep chiu lc i voi
thep tron tron va khng qua 50 i voi thep co go.
-Vic ni buc phai thoa mn yu cu: Chiu dai ni theo quy inh ca thit k, dung
dy thep mm d 1mm ni, cn buc o 3 vi tri: giua va 2 u.
- Khi dng lp ct thep gn uong dy dn in phai ct in ,truong hop khng ct
uoc in phai co bin phap ngn ngua ct thep cham vao dy in.
$3 Vnn chuyn cPt th`p !hi gi= cng 5"ng.
- Vic vn chuyn ct thep gia cng cn am bao cac yu cu sau:
- Khng lam hu hong va bin dang san phm ct thep;
- Ct thep tung thanh nn buc thanh tung l theo chng loai va s luong tranh
149
nhm ln khi su
- Cac khung, luoi ct thep lon nn co bin phap phn chia thanh tung b phn nho
phu hop voi phuong tin vn chuyn
$ .X;p ,Ong cPt th`p.
-Cng tac lp dng ct thep cn thoa mn cac yu cu sau:
- Cac b phn lp dng truoc, khng gy tro ngai cho cac b phn lp dng sau:
- Co bin phap n inh vi tri ct thep khng bin dang trong qua trinh b tng.
- Khi t ct thep va ct pha ta vao nhau tao thanh mt t hop cung thi ct pha chi
uoc t trn cac giao im ca ct thep, chiu lc va theo ung vi tri quy inh ca thit
k .
- Cac con cn t tai cac vi tri thich hop tuy theo mt ct thep nhung khng lon
hon 1m mt im k. con k co chiu day bng lop b tng bao v ct thep va uoc lam
bng cac vt liu khng n mon ct thep, khng pha hy b tng. Sai lch chiu day lop
b tng bao v so voi thit k khng vuot qua 3mm i voi lop b tng bao v co chiu
day a nho hon 15mm va 5mm i voi lop b tng bao v a lon hon 15mm.
- Vic lin kt cac thanh ct thep khi lp dng cn uoc thc hin theo yu cu sau:
- S luong mi ni buc hay han dinh khng nho hon 50 s im giao nhau theo thu
t xen k.
- Trong moi truong hop, cac goc ca ai thep voi thep chiu lc phai buc hoc han
dinh 100.
- Vic ni cac thanh ct thep on vao khung va luoi ct thep phai uoc thc hin theo
ung quy inh ca thit k. Khi ni buc khung va luoi ct thep theo phuong lam vic
ca kt cu thi chiu dai ni chng thc hin theo quy inh o bang 8 nhung khng nho
hon 250mm.
- Sau khi b tng lot mong khoang 2 ngay ta tin hanh t ct thep ai mong
- Ct thep ai uoc gia cng thanh luoi theo thit k va uoc xp gn ming hao
mong. Cac luoi thep nay uoc cn truc thap cu xung vi tri ai mong. Cng nhn s
iu chinh cho luoi thep t ung vi tri ca no trong ai.
- Lp bu lng cho lin kt voi ct.
- Khi lp dng cn thoa mn cac yu cu:
- Cac b phn lp truoc khng gy tro ngai cho cac b phn lp sau. Co bin phap giu
n inh trong qua trinh b tng.
150
- Cac con k o vi tri thich hop tuy theo mt ct thep nhung khng qua 1m con k
bng chiu day lop b tng bao v va lam bng vt liu khng n mon cng trinh, khng
pha huy b tng.
- Sai lch v chiu day lop b tng bao v khng qua 3 mm khi a < 15mm va 5mm i
voi a > 15mm.
$. Fim tr= 1. nghim thu cPt th`p3
- Sau khi lp t ct thep vao cng trinh, truoc khi tin hanh b tng tin hanh
kim tra va nghim thu thep theo cac phn sau:
- Cac ban v thit k co ghi y s thay i v ct thep trong qua trinh thi cng
va km bin ban v quyt inh thay i;
- Cac kt qua kim tra mu thu v cht luong thep mi han va cht luong gia cng
ct thep;
Cac bin ban thay i ct thep trn cng truong so voi thit k;
- Cac bin ban nghim thu k thut trong qua trinh gia cng va lp dng ct thep
- Hinh dang, kich thuoc, quy cach ca ct thep.
- Vi tri ca ct thep trong tung kt cu.
- S n inh va bn chc ca ct thep, cht luong cac mi ni thep.
- S luong va cht luong cac tm k lam m giua ct thep va van khun.
b. C8n* t"c c,# #h! m)n*,*iGn* m)n*
$. KhLng yu c)u chung Pi 1i cp ph=.
- Cp pha va a giao cn uoc thit k va uoc thi cng am bao cung, n inh,
d thao lp, khng uoc gy kho khn cho cng vic t ct thep, va m b tng.
- Cp pha phai uoc ghep kin, khit khng lam mt nuoc xi mng khi va m b
tng, ng thoi bao v b tng moi duoi tac ng ca thoi tit
- Cp pha va a giao cn uuoc gia cng, lp dng sao cho am bao ung hinh dang
va kich thuoc ca kt cu theo quy inh thit k.
- Cp pha, va a giao co th ch tao tai nha may hoc gia cng tai hin truong. Cac
loai cp pha a giao tiu chun uoc su dung theo chi dn ca on vi ch tao.
$. Vnt &iu &.m cPp ph= 1. . gi".
- Cp pha a giao co th lam bng g, hoanh b, thep, b tng uc sn hoc cht
deo. a giao co th su dung tre, lung va buong.
- G lam cp pha a giao uuoc su dung phu hop voi tiu chun g xy dng
TCVN 1075 : 1971 va tiu chun hin hanh, ng thoi co th su dung ca loai g bt cp
151
phn.
- Cp pha a giao bng kim loai nn su dung sao cho phu hop voi kha nng lun
chuyn nhiu ln i voi cac loai kt cu khac nhau.
$. %rhnh tO thi cng cp ph= mng\ giWng mng.
- Sau khi t ct thep ta tin hanh ghep van khun ai va ging mong. Cng tac
ghep van khun co th uoc uoc tin hanh song song voi cng tac ct thep.
- Van khun ai coc uoc ch tao sn thanh tung moduyn theo tung mt bn mong
vung chc theo thit k o bn ngoai h mong.
- Dung cn cu, kt hop voi th cng ua van khun toi vi tri ca tung ai.
- Khi cu lp chu y nng ha van khun nh nhang, tranh va cham manh gy bin dang
cho van khun.
- Cn cu vao mc trc ac trn mt t , cng dy ly tim va hinh bao chu vi ca tung
ai.
- Ghep van thanh hp
- Xac inh trung im cac canh van khun, qua cac trung im o ong 2 thuoc g
vung goc voi nhau tha doi theo dy cng xac inh tim ct sao cho cac canh thuoc i qua
cac trung im trung voi im dong ca doi
- C inh cac tm van khun voi nhau theo ung vi tri thit k bng coc cu, neo va cy
chng.
- Kim tra cht luong b mt va n inh ca van khun.
- Dung may thuy binh hay may kinh vi, thuoc ,dy doi o lai kich thuoc, cao ca
cac ai.
- Kim tra tim va cao trinh am bao khng vuot qua sai s cho phep.
- Khi van khun lp dng xong, phai tin hanh kim tra va nghim thu theo cac
im sau:
- chinh xac ca van khun so voi thit k
- chinh xac ca cac bu lng neo va cac b phn lp t sn cung van khun.
- cht, kin khit giua cac tm van khun va giua van khun voi mt nn.
- vung chc ca van khun, nht la o cac ch ni.
=1<1 CB@C DÀ j? DB@C Kv@CLCYn@C Kv@C
!. Oin #h"# +J th<t thi c8n* bI t8n* m)n*, *iGn* m)n*
$ Cng tc chuln I*.
- Lam nghim thu van khun, ct thep truoc khi b tng.
- Nn b tng phai uoc chun bi tt.
152
- Voi van khun phai kin khit; nu ho it ( 4mm) thi tuoi nuoc cho g no ra, nu ho
nhiu ( 5mm) thi chn kin bng giy xi mng hoc bng nm tre hay nm g.
- Tuoi nuoc vao van khun lam cho g no ra bit kin cac khe ho va khng hut
nuoc b tng sau nay.
- Cac van khun uoc quet 1 lop chng dinh d dang thao r van khun v sau.
- Phai don dp, lam sach rac bn o van khun.
- Phai giu chiu day lop bao v b tng bng cach buc thm cac cuc k bng vua b
tng giua ct thep va van khun.
- Truoc khi b tng phai kim tra hinh dang va kich thuoc, vi tri, sach va n
inh ca van khun va ct thep.
- Trong sut qua trinh b tng, phai thuong xuyn kim tra van khun, thanh
chng. Tt ca nhung sai sot, hu hong phai uoc sua chua ngay.
$ Cng tc !im tr= I tng
- y la khu quan trong vi no anh huong trc tip n cht luong kt cu sau nay.
Kim tra b tng uoc tin hanh truoc khi thi cng ( kim tra sut ca b tng ) va sau
khi thi cng ( kim tra cuong b tng ).
$ Fx thunt N I tng.
- B tng thuong phm uoc chuyn n bng t chuyn dung, thng qua may va
phu ua vao t bom.
- B tng uoc t bom vao vi tri ca kt cu : May bom phai bom lin tuc tu u
nay n du kia. Khi cn ngung vi ly do gi thi cu 10 phut lai phai bom lai tranh b
tng lam tc ng.
- Nu may bom phai ngung trn 2 gio thi phai thng ng bng nuoc. Khng nn
ngung trong thoi gian qua lu. Khi bom xong phai dung nuoc bom rua sach.
- Khi uoc lop b tng day 30 cm ta su dung m dui m b tng.
- Chia kt cu thanh nhiu khi theo chiu cao.
- B tng cn uoc lin tuc thanh nhiu lop co chiu day bng nhau phu hop voi
c trung ca may m su dung theo 1 phuong nht inh cho tt ca cac lop.
$ |)m I tng.
7 a-c Gch3
am bao cho khi b tng uoc ng nht.
am bao cho khi b tng c chc khng bi rng hoc r ngoai.
am bao cho b tng bam cht vao ct thep toan khi b tng ct thep cung chiu
lc.
7(h#0ng php )m.
Voi b tng lot mong
153
- m b tng lot bng may m chn ng mt (m ban), thoi gian m mt ch
voi m ban la tu (30 50) s.
- Khi m b tng bng m ban phai keo tu tu va am bao vi tri giai m sau p
ln giai m truoc mt khoang tu (5 10) cm.
$Vi I tng mng 1. giWng.
- Voi b tng mong va ging chon may m dui 21 co nng sut 6 (m
3
h). Cac
thng s ca uoc cho trong bang sau:
Cac thng s on vi tinh Gia tri
Thoi gian m b tng
Ban kinh tac dung
Chiu su lop m
Giy
Cm
Cm
30
20 35
20 40
Nng sut
- Theo din tich uoc m
- Theo khi luong b tng
m
3
h
m
3
h
20
6
Khi su dung m chn ng trong cn tun theo mt s quy inh sau:
- m lun lun phai huong vung goc voi mt b tng.
- B tng lam nhiu lop thi m phai cm uoc 5 10 cm vao lop b tng truoc.
- Chiu day ca lop b tng m khng vuot qua 34 chiu dai ca m.
- Khi m xong 1 vi tri, di chuyn sang vi tri khac phai nh nhang, rut ln hoc tra
m xung tu tu.
- Khoang cach giua hai vi tri m la 1,5 .r
0
. Voi r
0
La ban kinh anh huong ca m.
- Khi m phai tranh lam sai lch vi tri ct thep hoc van khun.
- Du hiu chung to m xong la khng thy vua sut lun r rang, trn mt bng
phng.
- Nu thy nuoc co ong thanh vung chung to vua b tng bi phn tng do dm qua lu
tai 1 vi tri.
$Ch !hi ,ng )m rung )m I tng c)n3
- Ni t voi vo m rung.
- Dung dy buc cach in ni tu bang phn phi n ng co in ca m.
- Lam sach m rung lau kh va qun dy dn khi ngung lam vic.
- Ngung m rung tu 5 n 7 phut sau mi ln lam vic lin tuc tu 30 n 35 phut.
- Cng nhn vn hanh may phai trang bi ng cao su cach in va cac phuong tin
bao v ca nhn khac .
b. Ch1n m"( thi c8n* bI t8n* m)n* 67 *iGn*.
- Khi luong b tng mong va ging tuong i lon, nu thi cng bng phuong phap
dung tram trn cng truong thoi gian thi cng s keo dai va cht luong b tng khng
cao. Vi vy voi b tng mong va ging dung phuong an su dung b tng thuong phm .
154
- Chon may bom di ng (utmHistHr co cng sut bom cao nht 90 (m
3
h).
-Trong thc t, do yu t lam vic ca bom thuong chi at 60 k n vic iu
chinh, uong xa cng truong cht hp, xe cho b tng bi chm,...
-Nng sut thc t bom uoc : 90.0,4 36 m
3
h

t bom b tng
Cac thng s Gia tri
p lc bom lon nht 11,2 Kgcm
2
Khoang cach bom xa nht 38,6m
Khoang cach bom cao nht 42,1m
Khoang cach bom su nht 29,2m
uong kinh ng bom 230 mm
Vy thoi gian cn bom xong (252.14m
3
) b tng mong la :
7
36
14 , 252
gio
1 ca lam vic co k n h s su dung thoi gian.
u im: ca vic thi cng b tng bng may bom la voi khi luong lon thi thoi gian
thi cng nhanh, am bao k thut, han ch uoc cac mach ngung, cht luong b tng am
bao.
c. Pn ch<(n 6Q! bI t8n*.
- Nhung yu cu i voi vic vn chuyn vua b tng:
155
- Thit bi vn chuyn phai kin tranh cho nuoc xi mng khoi bi ro ri, chay mt
nuoc vua.
-Tranh xoc ny khng gy phn tng cho vua b tng trong qua trinh vn chuyn.
- Thoi gian vn chuyn phai ngn.
- Chon phuong tin vn chuyn vua b tng: chon t co thung trn .
M hiu SB-92B co cac thng s k thut nhu sau :
Dung
tich
thung
trn
(m
3
)
t
co so
Dung
tich
thung
nuoc
(m
3
)
Cng sut
ng co
()
Tc
quay
(vphut)
cao
phi liu
vao (m)
Thoi gian
b tng
ra
t
min
(phut)
Trong
luong khi
co b tng
(tn)
6
Kamaz
- 5511
0,75 40 9-14,5 3,5 10 21,85
Kich thuoc gioi han : - Dai 7,38 m
- ng 2,5 m
- Cao 3,4 m
t vn chuyn b tng Kamaz-5511
R34nh 9, x? 6n ch<(n bI t8n*
Khi luong b tng cn chuyn 252,14 m
3
Qung uong vn chuyn trung binh: L 5km
Thoi gian 1 chuyn xe:
I , ch
X X
t t t t
V V
+ + + +
Trong o: t
b
la thoi gian cho t vao thung. Tinh theo 40 nng sut may bom 36
m
3
h
156
Th tich b tng mi xe la 6m
3

. b tng y thung xe (gia su t chi uoc 80th tich thung) la:
0,8.6
.60 8
36
t
I
phut
Vn tc xe luc i va luc quay v: v
1
30 (kmh), v
2
35 (kmh),
Thoi gian t va cho tranh xe la: t
2 phut, t
ch
3 phut.
5 5
8 .60 2 .60 3 31,57
30 35
t + + + + (phut)
S chuyn xe trong mt ca: 8.6031,57 15,2 (chuyn)
S xe cn thit trong mt ca: n 252.14(6.15,2) 2,76 xe
Nhu vy cn 3 xe vn chuyn
=1X !dq ]e@C j? DB@C PrY hr CYn@C Kv@C1
- Sau khi , btng phai uoc bao dung trong iu kin co m va nhit
cn thit ong rn va ngn ngua cac anh huong co hai trong qua trinh ong rn ca
btng.
- Bao dung m
- Bao dung m la qua trinh giu cho btng co m cn thit ninh kt va
ong rn sau khi tao hinh. Phuong phap va quy trinh bao dung m thc hin theo TCVN
5592 : 1991 B tng nng - Yu cu bao dung m t nhin .
- Cn che chn cho b tng ai mong khng bi anh huong ca mi truong.
- Trn mt b tng sau khi xong cn ph 1 lop giu m nhu bao tai.
- Thoi gian giu m cho b tng ai: 4 ngay
- Ln u tin tuoi nuoc cho b tng la sau 4h khi xong b tng. Hai ngay u cu
sau 2 ting ng h tuoi nuoc mt ln. Nhung ngay sau cu 3-10 ting tuoi nuoc 1 ln.
- Khi bao dung chu y: Khi b tng chua cuong , tranh va cham vao b mt b
tng. Vic bao dung b tng tt s am bao cho cht luong b tng ung nhu mac thit
k va giup cho kt cu lam vic n inh sau nay.
=1_1 TG`q ] h`@ bGIB@ Kv@C:
- Van khun thanh mong sau khi b tng 1 1,5 ngay khi ma b tng at cuong
25Kgcm
3
thi tin hanh thao d van khun thanh mong .Vic thao d tin hanh nguoc
voi khi lp dng, co nghia cai nao lp sau thi thao truoc con cai nao lp truoc thi thao
sau.
- Khi thao van khun phai co cac bin phap tranh va cham hoc chn ng lam
hong mt ngoai hoc sut me cac canh goc ca b tng va phai am bao cho van khun
khng bi hu hong.
- Khi thao d ct pha, a giao, cn trach khng gy ung sut t ngt lam h hai
n kt cu b tng.
157
158
BN PHN VNG KH HU BD BTNG BN PHN VNG KH HU BD BTNG
BN PHN VNG KH HU BD BTNG BN PHN VNG KH HU BD BTNG
M
II - VII
VIII - I
55 - 60 35 - 40
4 2
K
T
ct
BD
R
th
BD
IV- IX X- III
50 - 55 40 - 50
3 4
H
T
ct
BD
R
th
BD
M
V - XI
XII - IV
70 30
6 1
K
T
ct
BD
R
th
BD
II. THI CNG PHN THN
11 GYdY OGÒ AB@C @CGc1
1111CkO OGVL A\J AGk@C
!. HI< c>< ch<n*.
$2 CPp ph=.
- Cp pha phai uoc ch tao ung hinh dang va kich thuoc ca cac b phn kt cu
cng trinh. Cp pha phai kha nng chiu lc yu cu.
- Cp pha phai am bao yu cu thao, lp d dang.
- Cp pha phai kin khit khng gy mt nuoc xi mng.
- Cp pha phai phu hop voi kha nng vn chuyn, lp t trn cng truong.
- Cp pha phai co kha nng su dung lai nhiu ln ( cp pha bng g tu 3 n 7 ln,
cp pha g dan, van ep khoang 10 ln, cp pha nha 50 ln, cp pha thep khoang 200
ln)
$2 Cy chPng.
- Cy chng phai kha nng mang tai trong ca cp pha, b tng ct thep va cac
tai trong thi cng trn no.
- am bao bn va n inh khng gian.
- D thao lp, d xp t va chuyn cho th cng hay trn cac phuong tin co
gioi.
- Co kha nng su dung o nhiu loai cng trinh va nhiu loai kt cu khac nhau, d
dang tng, giam chiu cao khi thi cng.
- Su dung lai uoc nhiu ln.
b. 2$! ch1n l5Si c8# #h! ,cT( ch,n*.
$. CPp ph=.
- Hin nay o nuoc ta co th phn loai cp pha theo nhiu cach khac nhau, tuy nhin
ph bin nht la phn loai theo vt liu ch tao va theo cach su dung chung. Theo cach su
dung phn loai thanh 2 loai: Loai c inh va loai lun chuyn.
Loai ch tao gm:
- Cp pha lam tu g xe.
- Cp pha g dan, g van ep.
- Cp pha kim loai.
- Cp pha BTCT.
- Cp pha g thep kt hop.
159
- Cp pha nha.
$2 CPp ph= &.m tQ g} 5~.
- Cp pha g xe uoc san xut tu cac tm van g co chiu day tu 2,5 n 4cm. G
san xut cp pha la loai g nhom VII, VIII. Cac tm g nay lin kt voi nhau thanh tung
mang theo kich thuoc yu cu, mang cp pha uoc tao tu cac tm van, np g va cac inh
lin kt. Co cac uu,nhuoc im sau.
#u im3
- D tao hinh dang, kich thuoc theo yu cu ca kt cu.
- Cng ngh gia cng san xut khng phuc tap.
$ Kh#@c im3
-Cp pha g d bi hu hong nn s ln su dung lai it vi vy gia thanh kha cao. Mt
khac hin nay do yu cu bao v mi truong nn no chi con su dung uoc o cac cng
trinh nho, trong mt s nm toi , cp pha g xe s khng con uoc su dung nua. Vi vy
cp pha g xe khng phai la phuong an ti uu ta chon la phuc vu thi cng cng
trinh.
$2 Cp ph= g} ,n\ g} 1n `p.
- G dan, va van ep uoc ch tao trong nha may voi kich thuoc 1,2 x 2,4m co chiu
day tu 1 n 2,5cm, truong hop cn thit co th t hang san xut theo kich thuoc yu
cu.
- G dan hoc g van ep kt hop voi cac suon g hoc suon kim loai tao thanh
mang cp pha c cung lon.
$ u im :
giam chi phi gia cng trn cng truong, b mt phng.
Kh#@c im:
Su dung khng uoc nhiu ln, hay cong vnh khi su dung lai.
Nn ta khng chon loai cp pha nay.
$2 Cp ph= nhO=3
$ u im3
- Gia thanh tuong i hop ly, vi cp pha nha uoc inh hinh sn nn vic thi cng
lp rap uoc tin loi.
$Kh#@c im:
160
- Vi cp pha nha inh hinh sn nn kho tao hinh dang kich thuoc theo y mun, kho
gia cng, tinh lun chuyn it , hay bi hu hong va mt mat nn ta khng chon thi cng
cng trinh.
$2 Cp ph= th`p 3
$ u im:
- Co tinh van nng, uoc lp ghep cho cac i tuong kt cu khac nhau: mong
khi lon, san, dm, ct, b ...
- Trong luong cac van nho, tm nng nht khoang 16kg, thich hop cho vic vn
chuyn lp, thao bng th cng.
- H s lun chuyn lon do o s giam uoc chi phi van khun sau mt thoi gian su
dung,o moi noi u mua v gia cng uoc, va lun chuyn uoc nhiu ln, kha nng chiu
lc ang tin cy.
$ Kh#@c im:
- Vn u tu ban u tuong i lon. .
- Tu cac phuong an phn tich trn ta thy Cp pha thep co nhiu tinh nng tt
nn ta su dung Cp pha thep thit k thi cng xy dng cho cng trinh nay.
- Vi cac t tinh trn ta chon cp pha thep do cng ty thep NITETS ca Nht Ban
ch tao (cac c tinh k thut ca van khun kim loai nay uoc trinh bay trong cng
tac tinh toan thi cng ai ging).
$. Cy chPng.
- Hin nay o nuoc ta trong xy dng cac cng trinh xy dng dn dung va cng
nghip cy chng thuong uoc su dung cac loai cy chng sau.
- Cy chng g
- Cy chng thep on.
- Giao chng t hop.
72 Cy chPng g}3
- Cy chng g la cy chng thng dung tu xua n nay do truoc y vt liu lam
cy chng chua uoc ph bin, gia thanh cao, nn cy chng g thuong uoc su dung.
$ u im:
- Cy chng g gia thanh re, uoc su dung cho cac cng trinh nho le xa xi.
$ Kh#@c im:
- Cy chng g co kha nng chiu lc khng uoc tt vi kho xac inh cuong chiu
lc khng ng u cho toan b cy chng trong cng trinh hon nua cung nhu cp pha
161
g ngay nay cy chng g ngay cang han ch su dung vi cy chng g ngay cang khan
him va nha nuoc khng khuyn khich su dung cy chng g bao v tai nguyn ca
mi truong. Vi vy ta khng su dung cy chng g ua vao cng trinh.
-) Cy chng thep ( Cy chng cng cu):
- Thuong uoc san xut tu thep ng, no co th uoc ch tao dang cy chng on hay
cy chng t hop. Cung nhu cp pha kim loai u tu cho vic mua cy chng thep kha
lon nhung do s ln lun chuyn lon ( vai trm ln) do vy khu hao vao gia thanh cng
trinh thp. Cy chng cng cu co mt s uu im sau:
- Cac b phn nh phu hop voi kha nng chuyn cho trn cng truong.
-Vi vy ta quyt inh su dung loai giao PAL chng dm san do hng Hoa phat
ch tao va loai cy chng on kim loai ca hng LENEX chng ct co tinh uu vit
nhu sau.
$ u im cy= gi" (MX 3
- Giao PAL la mt chn chng van nng bao am an toan va kinh t.
- Giao PAL co th su dung thich hop cho moi cng trinh xy dng voi nhung kt
cu nng t o cao lon.
- Giao PAL lam bng thep nh, on gian, thun tin cho vic lp dng, thao d, vn
chuyn nn giam gia thanh cng trinh.
[ Cu t'" gi" (MX 3
- Giao PAL uoc thit k trn co so mt h khung tam giac uoc lp dng theo kiu
tam giac hoc tu giac cung cac phu kin km theo nhu :
- Phn khung tam giac tiu chun.
- Thanh ging cheo va ging ngang.
- Kich chn ct va u ct.
- Khop ni khung.
- Cht giu khop ni.
$%rhnh tO &;p ,Ong 3
- t b kich (gm va kich), lin kt cac b kich voi nhau bng ging nm ngang
va ging cheo.
- Lp khung tam giac vao tung b kich, iu chinh cac b phn cui ca khung tam
giac tip xuc voi ai c canh.
- Lp tip cac thanh ging nm ngang va ging cheo.
162
Min h k hai l en ex

c u t o k hu ng g i o t hp
pal
- Lng khop ni va lam cht chung bng cht giu. Sau o chng thm mt khung
phu ln trn.
- Lp cac kich phia trn.
-Toan b h thng ca gia khung tam giac sau khi lp dng xong co th iu
chinh chiu cao nho h kich duoi trong
khoang tu 0 n 750 mm.
%r"ng !hi &;p ,Ong chn chPng
gi" (MX c)n ch nhLng im s=u.
- Lp cac thanh ging ngang theo
hai phuong vung goc va chng
chuyn vi bng ging cheo. Trong khi
dng lp khng uoc thay th cac b
phn va phu kin ca giao bng cac
vt khac.
- Toan b h chn chng phai uoc lin kt vung chc va iu chinh cao thp bng
cac ai c canh ca cac b kich.
- Phai iu chinh khop ni ung vi tri lp uoc cht giu khop ni.
$ Ch+n cy chPng cBt3
Su dung cy chng on kim loai LENEX. Da vao chiu dai va suc chiu tai ta chon
cy chng V
1
ca hng LENEX co cac thng s sau:
- Chiu dai lon nht : 3300mm
- Chiu dai nho nht : 1800mm
- Chiu dai ng trn :1800mm
- Chiu dai oan iu chinh : 120mm
- Suc chiu tai lon nht khi l
min
: 2200kG
- Suc chiu tai lon nht khi l
max
: 1700kG
- Trong luong :12,3kG
c. /h%0n* "n 9A dUn* c8# #h!
$. a-c tiu 3
7 at uoc muc lun chuyn van khun tt.
$. Yin php 3
- Su dung bin phap thi cng van khun hai tng rui (2,5 tng) co ni dung nhu sau:
163
- B tri h cy chng va van khun hoan chinh cho 2 tng (chng ot 1), san k duoi
thao van khun som (btng chua cuong thit k) nn phai tin hanh chng lai (voi
khoang cach phu hop - giao chng lai).
- Cac ct chng lai la nhung thanh chng thep co th t iu chinh chiu cao, co th
b tri cac h ging ngang va doc theo hai phuong.
d. HI< c>< ch<n* +hi lV# d$n* c8# #h! cT( ch,n*
- Cp pha,a giao phai kha nng chiu cac tai trong khi b tng. Cp pha,
a giao phai am bao bn, n inh cuc b va tng th.
- Truoc khi lp dng giao cng cu, cn phai kim tra cac b phn nhu: cht, mi ni,
ren, mi han.v.v tuyt i khng dung cac b phn khng am bao yu cu.
- Cy chng, chn giao phai uoc t trn nn vung chc va phai co tm k rng
phn b tai trong truyn xung.
- Cp pha dm phai co vng cho phep
- Lp dung cp pha phai luu y n cac l cho, cac chi tit thep chn sn theo thit k.
- Khi buc phai dung cp pha tng duoi lam ch ta cho cp pha tng trn thi phai
co bin phap chi tit, khi lp dng phai tun theo bin phap o.
- Trong khi b tng phai b tri nguoi thuong xuyn theo di cp pha cy chng,
khi cn thit phai co bin phap khc phuc kip thoi va trit .
- Cp pha va dan giao khi lp dng xong phai uoc nghim thu theo tiu chun
Vit Nam ( TCVN 4453 95) truoc khi tin hanh cac cng tac tip theo
?. Kh,i l%Ln* c8# #h! ch5 1 t>n* ?. Kh,i l%Ln* c8# #h! ch5 1 t>n*
KGkY Te@C AkO OGV AQD 1 D@C
STT Tit din ct(m)
Kich thuoc
S ging
nhau
Khi luong (m
2
)
Cao
(m)
Chu vi
ct(m)
a b n (a x b x n)
1 0,4x0,6 3,2 2 20 140
2 0,5x0,7 3,2 2,4 10 76,8
3 Vach thang may
3,2
3,2
9,5
7,5
2
2
60,8
48
Tng cng 325,6

164
!d@C Dl@G bGkY Te@C h`@ bGIB@ ]K Mr@ 1 D@C !d@C Dl@G bGkY Te@C h`@ bGIB@ ]K Mr@ 1 D@C
STT
Tit din dm san(m)
Kich thuoc S
ging
nhau
Khi luong
(m
2
)
(a x b xn)
Dai (m)
Chu
vi(m)
a b (n)
1 Dm 1(Dm chinh phuong ngang nha) 19,32 1,2 6
139.104
15.36
19.56
4 Dm 4(Dm phu phuong ngang nha) 21,48 0,7 2
30.072
5 Dm 5(Dm phu phuong ngang nha) 6,78 0,7 10
47.46
6
Dm 6(Dm ban cng phuong ngang
nha)
9,23 0,4 2
7.384
7 Dm 7(Dm chinh phuong doc nha) 6,1 1,2 24 175.68
8 Dm 8(Dm phu phuong doc nha) 10,06 0,7 2 14.084
9 Dm 9(Dm phu phuong doc nha) 26,84 0,7 2 37.576
10 Dm 10(Dm phu nha v sinh doc nha) 3,03 0,4 16 19.392
11 Dm 11(Dm phu ngn nha v sinh) 1,8 0,2 12 4.32
12 San day 0,1m 21,92 47,22 1 1035,06
Tng cng 1545.054
11o1 PGe@C DYc@ hR@ AGIJZ@ hRD TYcI T?@ AVq1
!. /h%0n* tin 6n ch<(n c"c l5Si 6t li< Wi, c8# #h!, th#.
- phuc vu cho cng tac vn chuyn cac loai vt liu roi chung ta cn giai quyt
cac vn nhu vn chuyn nguoi, vn chuyn van khun va ct thep cung nhu vt liu
xy dng khac ln cao. Do o ta cn chon phuong tin vn chuyn cho thich hop voi yu
cu vn chuyn va mt bng cng tac ca tung cng trinh.
$. ch+n my 1nn thong.
Ch+n 1nn thong3
Vn thng uoc su dung vn chuyn nguoi ln cao.
Su dung vn thng PGX 800 - 16, co cac thng s sau:
- Suc nng 800 Kg
- Cng sut ng co 2x1,1 K
- cao nng 50m
- Chiu dai san vn tai 1,5m
165
- Tm voi 1,3m
- Trong luong may: 18,7T
- Vn tc nng: 38mphut
$. Ch+n c)n tr-c thp 3
Cng trinh co mt bng rng do o co th chon loai cn truc thap cho thich hop.
Tu tng mt bng cng trinh, ta thy cn chon loai cn truc thap co cn quay o phia trn;
con thn cn truc thi hoan toan c inh (uoc gn tung phn vao cng trinh), thay i tm
voi bng xe truc. Loai cn truc nay rt hiu qua, gon nh va thich hop voi iu kin cng
trinh.
Cn truc thap uoc su dung phuc vu cng tac vn chuyn vt liu ln cac tng
nha (van khun, st thep, dan giao... ).
$Cc yu c)u tPi thiu 1 !x thunt !hi ch+n c)n tr-c &.3
- voi nho nht ca cn truc thap la: d S
Trong o:
S : khoang cach nho nht tu tm quay ca cn truc toi mep cng trinh hoc
chuong ngai vt:
S r (0,51m) 3 1 4m.
d : Khoang cach lon nht tu mep cng trinh n im t cu kin, tinh theo
phuong cn voi, cn truc thap thit k t tai vi tri nhu trong ban v thi cng dm san ca
cng trinh
) m ( 876 , 31
2
5 , 52
3 , 18 d
2
2

,
_
+
Vy : 31,876 4 35,876 (m)
- cao nng cn thit ca cn truc thap : H h
ct
h
at
h
ck
h
t
Trong o:
h
ct
: cao tai im cao nht ca cng trinh k tu mt t:
h
ct
33,4 m
h
at
: khoang cach an toan (h
at
0,5 1,0m).
h
ck
: chiu cao ca cu kin cao nht (VK ct), h
ck
3,3 m.
h
t
: chiu cao thit bi treo buc, h
t
2m.
Vy: H 33,413,32 39,7 (m).
Voi cac thng s yu cu nhu trn, co th chon cn truc thap co m hiu KB- 504, co
cac thng s:
166
40m; H 77m
ung voi 40 ( voi lon nht khi cn truc lam vic) co Q 6,2 T
Nng sut ca cn truc tinh theo cng thuc: N Q.n
ck
.K
1
.K
2
Trong o: Q Suc nng ca cn truc voi tm voi cho truoc; Q 6,2 T
n
ck

E .
T
1
ck
; Voi T
ck
T
1
T
2
T
1
: Thoi gian lam vic ca cn truc, T
1
3 phut
T
2
: Thoi gian lam vic thm cng thao d moc, iu chinh cu kin vao ung vi tri
ca kt cu, T
2
5 phut
n
ck

6
8
60
. 8 , 0
(Cn truc thap co E 0,8)
K
1
: H s su dung cn truc theo tai trong, K
1
0,6
K
2
: H s su dung thoi gian, K
2
0,8
Vy nng sut ca cn truc trong 1 gio: N
856 , 17 6 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 6 . 2 , 6
Th
Nng sut cn truc trong 1 ca (8gio): N
8 9, 2 73, 6
17,856.8142,85Th
b. /h%0n* tin 6n ch<(n bI t8n*.
$. Y tng cBt.
-) Khi luong b tng ct cho 1 tng
ST
T
Kich thuoc
(m)
Dai
(m)
n
g (m)
Ca
o
(m)
Cng thuc
tinh
( a x b x c )
S
luong
Khi
luong
(m3)
1 0,4x0,6 0,4 0,6 3,2 0,4x0,6x3,2 20
15,3
6
2 0,5x0,7 0,5 0,7 3,2 0,5x0,7x3,2 10 11,2
3
Vach thang
may
8,5 0,22 3,2 8,5x0,22x3,2 2
11,9
7
T@C AQ@C
=L<
=
72 (h#0ng tin 1nn chuyn3
- Cn cu vao tinh cht cng vic va tin thi cng cng trinh cung nhu khi luong
b tng ct, vach cn . Vi khi luong b tng ct, vach tng 4 la 38.53m
3
, khi luong
b tng tuong i lon nn ta chon phuong phap bom b tng.
$. Y tng ,)m s.n 3
72 FhPi &#@ng I tng ,)m \ s.n ch" U1 t)ng./ t)ng ?2 I tng 152cm mc 2>U
167
STT
Tit din dm san (m)
Kich thuoc
S ging
nhau
Khi luong
(m
2
)
(a x b xn)
Dai
(m)
ng
(m)
Cao(m)
(n)
1 Dm 1(Dm chinh phuong ngang nha) 19,32 0.3 0.6 6 20.87
4 Dm 4(Dm phu phuong ngang nha) 21,48 0.22 0.35 2 3.31
5 Dm 5(Dm phu phuong ngang nha) 6,78 0.22 0.35 10 5.22
6
Dm 6(Dm ban cng phuong ngang
nha)
9,23
0.22
0.2 2 0.81
7 Dm 7(Dm chinh phuong doc nha) 6,1 0.3 0.6 24 26.35
8 Dm 8(Dm phu phuong doc nha) 10,06 0.22 0.35 2 1.55
9 Dm 9(Dm phu phuong doc nha) 26,84 0.22 0.35 2 4.13
10 Dm 10(Dm phu nha v sinh doc nha) 3,03 0.22 0.2 16 2.13
11 Dm 11(Dm phu ngn nha v sinh) 1,8
0.11
0.1 12 0.24
12 San day 0,1m 21,92 47,22 0.1 1 103.51
Tng cng 173,36
72 (h#0ng tin 1nn chuyn
-Khi luong b tng dm,san cho 01 tng ( tng 4) kha lon,nu thi cng bng phuong
phap dung tram trn cng truong thoi gian thi cng s keo dai va cht luong b tng
khng cao. Vi vy voi b tng dm, san ta dung phuong an su dung b tng thuong phm
dung may bom b tng.
72 XO= ch+n my I0m I tng.
-Chon may bom di ng (utmHistHr a<3 co cng sut bom cao nht 60 (m
3
h). nhu
tinh o phn thi cng ai mong
-Trong thc t, do yu t lam vic ca bom thuong chi at 40 k n vic iu
chinh, uong xa cng truong cht hp, xe cho b tng bi chm,...
-Nng sut thc t bom uoc : 60 0,4 24 m
3
h
t bom b tng
Cac thng s Gia tri
ap lc bom lon nht 11,2 Kgcm
2
Khoang cach bom xa nht 38,6m
168
Khoang cach bom cao nht 42,1m
Khoang cach bom su nht 29,2m
uong kinh ng bom 230 mm
-Vy thoi gian cn bom xong 173.36(m
3
) b tng dm san la :
22 , 7
24
36 , 173
gio
-)La chon va tinh toan s xe cho b tng
- Nhu ta chon loai phuong tin vn chuyn vua b tng thi cng o phn ai mong
va ging mong ta chon phuong tin vn chuyn vua b tng: chon t co thung trn.
M hiu SB-92B co cac thng s k thut nhu sau :
Dung
tich
thung
trn
(m
3
)
t
co so
Dung
tich
thung
nuoc
(m
3
)
Cng sut
ng co
()
Tc
quay
(vphut)
cao
phi liu
vao (m)
Thoi gian
b tng ra
t
min
(phut)
Trong luong
khi co b
tng (tn)
6
Kamaz
- 5511
0,75 40 9-14,5 3,5 10 21,85
- Kich thuoc gioi han : - Dai 7,38 m
- ng 2,5 m
- Cao 3,4 m
R34nh 9, x? 6n ch<(n bI t8n*
ap dung cng thuc : n ) T
S
L
(
V
Q
max
+
Trong o : n : S xe vn chuyn.
V : Th tich b tng mi xe ; V 6m
3

L : oan uong vn chuyn tu nha may b tng toi cng
trinh la; L 5 km
S : Tc xe ; S 30 Kmh
T : Thoi gian gian oan ; T 10 phut
Q : Nng sut may bom ; Q 24 m
3
h.
n
xe 33 , 1 )
60
10
30
5
.(
6
24
+
Chon 2 xe phuc vu cng tac b tng ai va ging mong.
S chuyn xe cn thit b tng dm san la :
89 , 28
6
173,36
chuyn. Chon : 29 chuyn.

169
o1 Tl@G Dq`@ AkOOGVL A\J AGk@C
o111 Tl@G Dq`@ AkOOGVLA\J AGk@C [Y?@ AGq AQD
!. 34nh t5"n c,# #h! ct
Ct tng 4 co tit din lon nht (50x70)cm cao 3,2 m .Vi ta su dung cp pha thep
nn ta t hop cp pha ct nhu sau: Canh 70cm ta chon cp pha thp dng 2 tm
(0,25x1,2)m va 1 tm (0,2x1,2)m ghp lai, phoa 50cm ta ghp 2 tm (0,25x1,2)m chng
3 ln.
ta co so tinh nhu sau :
$. 80 _ tGnh.
Cp pha ct tinh toan nhu mt dm lin tuc nhiu nhip nhn cac gng lam gi ta.
Ta co so tinh nhu hinh v:
q
tt
b
.l
2
l0
g
Cy chng xi n
q
tt
b
V n khun ct Gng ct
L
g
L
g
L
g
$. %i tr+ng tc ,-ng.
S
TT
Tn tai trong Cng thuc tinh n
q
tt
(KG
m
2
)
q
tc
(KGc
m
2
)
1 ap lc b tng moi q
1
tc

xH2500x0,7
1,
3
2275 1750
2
Tai trong do m b
tng
q
2
tc
200KGm
2
1,
3
260 200
3
Tai trong do BT
( may bom)
q
3
tc
400KGm
2
1,
3
520 400
4 T@C DdY DE~@C q q
1
q
3
o_< o1<0
$. %Gnh t"n thH" iu !in ch*u p &Oc.
30
6,55 cm
3
q
b
tt
q
tt
x b 2795x 0,3 838,5KG m 8,385KGcm
170
. . !
10
" . q
#
2
g
$$
%
max

Trong o:
2
)

Tu o
) cm ( 5 , 121
385 , 8
& , 0 . 55 , 6 . 2100 . 10
q
. . ! . 10
"
$$
%
g

Chon l
g
60 cm
$. Fim tr= thH" iu !in B 1Rng.
' . E . 128
" . q
(
4
)*
$c
%

6
Kgcm
2
; J 28,46 cm
4

q
b
tc
q
tc
x b 2150x 0,3 645 KG m 6,45KGcm

) cm ( 01 , 0
46 , 28 . 10 . 1 , 2 . 128
60 . 45 , 6
(
6
4

- vng cho phep :

[ ] ) cm ( 15 , 0 60 .
400
1
(
Vy cp pha ct am bao v iu kin vng voi khoang cach gng la 60 cm.
b. Kim t! +hX nYn* ch=< l$c c:! cT( ch,n* xiIn.
So lam vic ca cy chng xin cho van khun ct nhu hinh v :
L
g
L
g
L
g
q
ht
P
gi
q
y
N
- Tai trong gio gy ra phn b u trn ct gm 2 thanh phn : gio y va gio hut. (ap
lc gio
0
k c kGm
2
ly theo s liu v tai trong gio).
171

% . . c . k . * q
$$ + d

,
% . . c . k . * q
$$ + +

Trong o:
tt

0
2 952 47,5kGm
2

b : chiu rng canh on gio lon nht ca ct (m).
k : H s k n s thay i ap lc gio theo cao va dang ia hinh.
) m / kg ( 84 , 36 65 , 0 . 5 , 47 . 8 , 0 . 243 , 1 . 2 , 1 q
d

) m / kg ( 63 , 27 65 , 0 . 6 , 0 . 5 , 47 . 243 , 1 . 2 , 1 q
+

q q
d
q
h
36,8427,63 64,47(kGm)
Quy tai trong phn b thanh tai trong tp trung tai nut:
P
gio
qH 64,473,3 212,75kG
~ N P
gio
cos45
0
212,75 cos45
0
.
N 300,87 kG P 1700kG.
Vy cy chng on am bao kha nng chiu lc.
Su dung cy chng on kim loai do hng LENEX ch tao (cac thng s k thut nhu
chon o phn truoc).
-.-. 34nh t5"n c,##h!, cT( ch,n* 'Z d>m.
!. 34nh t5"n c,# #h! '"( d>m.
- Vi dm khung a s co tit din (30x70)cm, va buoc dm a7,5m va cng trinh
ta phn tich va la chon su dung van khun thep va cy chng on chng ct va
giao PAL chng san va dm . Sau khi la chon phuong an ta chon Giao Pal va kt
hop voi cy chng on chng dm .
- Vi giao PAL co kich thuoc inh hinh rng 1,2m va theo quy tc lc truyn xung
thi a ngang cp pha ay dm va thanh dm, a doc a ngang va giao PAL a
doc nn ta co so tinh nhu sau
$. 80 _ tGnh.
Cp pha ay dm tinh toan nhu mt dm lin tuc nhiu nhip nhn cac a ngang lam
gi ta. Ta co so tinh nhu hinh v:
172
ngang dm l
2
3
dc dm
V n y dm
4
ngang sn
5
V n khun thnh
6
S- n ng
7
dc sn
8
V n khun sn
9 Chng ni
l0 Chng xi n dm
ll
Np h m chn
l2 Ming ni g
l3 KYch u ct
ll 5
6
8
l0
6
l200
l 3
7
7
0
0
l
0
0
=
L
n
q
tt
b
L
n
L
n
s t Ynh t o n c p pha y dm
q
tt
b
.l
2
l0
mmax
n
. Tai trong tac dung.
2TT T?@ DdY DE~@C CB@C DGiA Dl@G @
DD
(bGK
o
)
DA
(bGK
o
)
1
Trong luong ban thn
cp pha
q
1
tc
q
o
39kGm
2
1,1 43 39
2 Tai trong ban thn
BTCT
q
2
tc

bt
xh
2600x0,7
1,2 2184 1820
3
Tai trong do
btng
q
3
tc
400kGm
2
1,3 520 400
4 Tai trong do m q
4
tc
200kGm
2
1,3 260 200
173
btng
5
Tai trong do nguoi va
dung cu thi cng
q
5
tc
250kGm
2
1,3 325 250
X T@C DdY DE~@C
1
<
===o o_0
$. %Gnh t"n thH" iu !in ch*u &Oc.
30
6,55 cm
3
q
b
tt
q
tt
b 33320,3 999,6kGm 9,996 kGcm
7 , 812 3 , 0 x 270& x% q q
$c $c
%
kGm8,127 kGcm
. . !
10
" . q
#
2
d*
$$
%
max

Trong o: 6,55cm
3
vi su dung van khun thep co b 30cm.
0,9 h s iu kin lam vic ca van khun thep.
nn
) cm ( 286 , 111
&&6 , &
& , 0 . 55 , 6 . 2100 . 10
q
. . ! . 10
"
$$
%
d*

Chon l
n
60cm
' . E . 128
" . q
(
4
d*
$c
%

6
Kgcm
2
; J 28,46 cm
4

q
b
tc
q
tc
x b 2709x 0,3812,7 KG m 8,127KGcm

) cm ( 014 , 0
46 , 28 . 10 . 1 , 2 . 128
60 . 127 , 8
(
6
4

- vng cho phep :

[ ] ) cm ( 15 , 0 60 .
400
1
(
Vy cp pha ay dm am bao v iu kin vng voi khoang cach a ngang la 60 cm.
b. 34nh t5"n c,# #h! th7nh d>m.
$. 80 _ tGnh.
Cp pha thanh dm tinh toan nhu mt dm lin tuc nhiu nhip nhn cac suon ung
lam gi ta.
174
mmax
=
L
s
q
tt
b
L
s
L
s
s t Yn h t o n c p pha t h nh d m
q
tt
b
.l
2
l0
s
$. %i tr+ng tc ,-ng.
DD
(bGK
o
)
DA
(bGK
o
)
1 ap lc b tng
q
1
tc

bt
xH
2500x0,7
1,3 2275 1750
2 Tai trong do m btng q
2
tc
200kGm
2
1,3 260 200
3 Tai trong do btng q
3
tc
400kGm
2
1,3 520 400
; T@C DdY DE~@C
1
KV[(
oL
=
) o_< o1<0
$. %Gnh t"n thH" iu !in ch*u p &Oc.
q
b
tt
q
tt
(h
d
-h
s
) 2795(0,7-0,1) 1677kGm 16,77kGcm
. . !
10
" . q
#
2
)d
$$
%
max

Trong o: 6,55.213,1cm
3
vi su dung 2 tm van khun thep co b 30cm.
0,9 h s iu kin lam vic ca van khun thep.
nn
) cm ( 5 , 121
77 , 16
& , 0 . 1 , 13 . 2100 . 10
q
. . ! . 10
"
$$
%
)d

Chon l
sd
60cm
' . E . 128
" . q
(
4
d*
$c
%

6
Kgcm
2
; J 28,46 cm
4

175
q
b
tc
q
tc
(h
d
-h
s
) 2150(0,7-0,1) 1290kGm 12,9kGcm
2.6,5513,1 cm
4
vi su dung 2 tm van khun thep co b30cm

) cm ( 011 , 0
&2 , 56 . 10 . 1 , 2 . 128
60 . & , 12
(
6
4

- vng cho phep :

[ ] ) cm ( 15 , 0 60 .
400
1
(
Vy cp pha thanh dm am bao v iu kin vng voi khoang cach suon ung la
60cm.
c. 34nh t5"n '7 n*!n* 'Z d>m.
$. 80 _ tGnh.
- Tinh toan a ngang dm nhu mt dm on gian nhn cac a doc lam gi ta.
Va chiu tai trong tp trung tu dm truyn v.
l
d
q
tt
.l
4
mmax =
d
q
tt
l
d
q
tt
bt
.l
2
8
mmax =
d
q
tt
bt
$. %i tr+ng tGnh t"n.
Chon a ngang co kich thuoc 8x10cm
q
tt
q
b(
tt
ay dm)
xl
n
2n(h
d
-h
s
)xq
o
xl
n
999,6x0,62x1,1x(0,7 -0,1)x39x0,6 630,65kG.
q
tc
q
b
tc
(ay dm)
xl
n
2(h
d
-h
s
)xq
o
xl
n
812,7x0,62(0,7-0,1)x39x0,6 501,66kG.
q
bt
tt

n.
g
.b.h 1,1x600x0,08x0,1 5,28kGm 0,053kGcm
q
bt
tc

g
.b.h 600x0,08x0,1 4,8kGm 0,048kGcm.
[ ] , # # #
--
max
-
max max
+
cm . kG & , 1&014
8
120 . 053 , 0
4
120 . 65 , 630
#
2
max
+
176
Trong o:
g
: Trong luong ring ca g
g
600kGm
3
.
b : Chiu rng tit din a ngang chon b0,08m.
h : Chiu cao tit din a ngang chon h0,1m.
3
2 2
cm 33 , 133
6
10 . 8
6
+ . %

[ ]
2
cm / kG 150 o : ung sut cho phep ca g.
n : H s vuot tai n 1,1.
. Kim tra theo iu kin chiu lc.
cm . kG 5 , 1&&&& 33 , 133 . 150 cm . kG & , 1&014
8
120 . 053 , 0
4
120 . 65 , 630
#
2
max
+ Vy
chon a ngang dm bng g co kich thuoc 8x10cm am bao v kha nng chiu lc.
. Kim tra theo iu kin vng.
Ta co: 2 1
( ( ( +

cm 246 , 0
67 , 666 . 10 . 1 , 1
120 . 66 , 501
.
48
1
' . E
" . q
.
48
1
(
5
3 3
dd
$c
1

cm 00177 , 0
67 , 666 . 10 . 1 , 1
120 . 048 , 0
.
384
5
' . E
" . q
.
384
5
(
5
4 4
dd
$c
%$
2

Trong o:
4
3 3
cm 67 , 666
12
10 8
12
+ %
'
.

[ ] cm 3 , 0
400
120
( cm 248 , 0 00177 , 0 246 , 0 ( < +
Vy a ngang dm am bao v iu kin vng.
d. 34nh t5"n '7 d1c 'Z d>m.
$. 80 _ tGnh.
- Tinh toan a doc dm nhu mt dm lin tuc nhiu nhip nhn giao Pal lam gi
ta,chiu lc tp trung tu a ngang truyn vao. Ta co so tinh nhu hinh v:
177
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
2,l4.P
tt
d
mmax =
l
0,l9.l .P
tt
d
q
tt
bt
q
tt
bt
.l
2
l0
mmax =
ll
l200 l200 l200
l200 l200 l200
Chon a doc co kich thuoc 8x10cm
kG 51 , 318
2
120 . 053 , 0
2
65 , 630
2
" . q
2
q
.
$$
%$
$$
$$
dd
+ +
kG 71 , 253
2
120 . 048 , 0
2
66 , 501
2
" . q
2
q
.
$c
%$
$c
$c
dd
+ +
q
d
bt

n.
g
.b.h 1,1x600x0,08x0,1 5,28kGm 0,053kGcm
q
bt
tc

g
.b.h 600x0,08x0,1 4,8kGm 0,048kGcm.
[ ] , # # #
--
max
-
max max
+
cm . kG 35 , 7338
10
120 . 053 , 0
120 . 51 , 318 . 1& , 0 #
2
max
+
Trong o:
g
g
600kGm
3
.
3
2 2
cm 33 , 133
6
10 . 8
6
+ . %

[ ]
2
$. Fim tr= thH" iu !in ch*u &Oc.
178

[ ] cm . kG 5 , 1&&&& 33 , 133 . 150 . , 35 , 7338 #
max
<
Vy chon a doc dm bng g co kich thuoc 8x10cm am bao v kha nng chiu
lc.
Ta co: 2 1
( ( ( +

cm 125 , 0
67 , 666 . 10 . 1 , 1
120 . 71 , 253
.
48
1
' . E
" . /
.
48
1
(
5
3 3
dd
$c
dd
1

cm 00177 , 0
67 , 666 . 10 . 1 , 1
120 . 048 , 0
.
384
5
' . E
" . /
.
384
5
(
5
4 4
dd
$c
%$
2

Trong o:
4
3 3
cm 67 , 666
12
10 8
12
+ %
'
.

[ ] cm 3 , 0
400
120
( cm 127 , 0 00177 , 0 125 , 0 ( < +
Vy a doc dm am bao v iu kin vng.
?. Kim t! +hX nYn* ch=< l$c ch5 cT( ch,n* 'Z d>m.
Cy chng dm la giao Pal.
Ta co: [ ] kG 5810 . " . q . . 14 , 2 .
dd
%$
dd
$$
dd max
< +

[ ] kG 5810 . kG &7 , , 687 120 . 053 , 0 51 , 318 . 14 , 2 .
max
< +
Vy giao pal dm am bao kha nng chiu lc.
o1=1 Tl@G Dq`@ AkOOGVL A\J AGk@C P Mr@1
!. C,# #h! 97n.
Nhu ta phn tich o phn giao PAL dm va san, ta vn su dung giao PAL
san nhu chon la va su dung cp pha thep, vi giao PAL co kich thuoc inh hinh
sn nn ta chon khoang cach a ngang san 60cm, va khoang cach cac a doc la 1,2m .
ta co so tinh nhu sau
$. 80 _ tGnh.
Cp pha san tinh toan nhu mt dm lin tuc nhiu nhip nhn cac a ngang lam gi ta.
- Ta co so tinh nhu hinh v:
179
600 600 600
q
tt
s
q
tt
s
.l
2
l0
mmax =
n
DD
(bGK
o
)
DA
(bGK
o
)
1
Trong luong ban thn
cppha
q
1
tc
q
o
39kGm
2
1,1 43 39
2
Tai trong ban thn
BTCT
q
2
tc

bt
xh
2600x0,1
1,2 312 260
3 Tai trong do btng q
3
tc
400kGm
2
1,3 520 400
4 Tai trong do m btng q
4
tc
200kGm
2
1,3 260 200
5
Tai trong do nguoi va
dung cu thi cng
q
5
tc
250kGm
2
1,3 325 250
X T@C DdY DE~@C
1
<
1;X0 11;
- Ct mt dai ban rng 1m. Ta co:
q
s
tt

q
tt
xb 1460x1 1460kGm 14,6kGcm
q
s
tc
q
tc
xb 1149x1 1149kGm 11,49kGcm.
. ! . #
max
<
cm . kG 4176& & , 0 . 2100 . 1 , 22 . ! . cm . kG 5256
10
60 . 6 , 14
10
L . q
#
2 2
d*
$$
)
max
< Trong
o: 5x
20
5x4,42 22,1cm
3
.
2100kGcm
2
: Cuong ca van khun thep.
: H s iu kin lam vic.
Vy cp pha san am bao kha nng chiu lc.
180
Ta co: [ ]
400
"
(
' . E
" . q
.
128
1
(
d*
4
d*
$c
)

Trong o:
4
20
cm 1 , 100 02 , 20 . 5 ' . 5 '
[ ] cm 15 , 0
400
60
( cm 0055 , 0
1 , 100 . 10 . 1 , 2
60 . 4& , 11
.
128
1
(
6
4

Vy cp pha san am bao iu kin vng.
b. 34nh t5"n '7 n*!n* 'Z 97n.
$. 80 _ tGnh.
Tinh toan a ngang san nhu mt dm lin tuc nhiu nhip nhn cac a
doc lam gi ta. Ta co so tinh nhu hinh v:
l200 l200 l200
q
tt
n
q
tt
n
.l
2
l0
mmax =
d
Chon a ngang co tit din 8x10cm
q
dn
tt

q
tt
.l
1
n.
g
.b.h
1460x0,61,1x600x0,08x0,1
881,28kGm 8,813kGcm
q
dn
tc
q
tc
.l
1

g
.b.h
1149x0,6600x0,08x0,1
694,2kGm 6,942kGcm
Trong o:
g
g
600kGm
3
.
3
2 2
cm 33 , 133
6
10 . 8
6
+ . %

[ ]
2
181
cm . kG 7 , 126&0
10
120 . 813 , 8
10
" . q
#
2 2
dd
$$
d*
max

[ ]
2 2 max
cm / kG 150 , cm / kG 18 , &5
33 , 133
7 , 126&0
#

Vy chon a ngang san bng g co kich thuoc 8x10cm am bao kha nng chiu lc.
Ta co:
400
"
' . E
" . q
.
128
1
(
dd
4
dd
$c
d*

cm 3 , 0
400
120
cm 153 , 0
67 , 666 . 10 . 1 , 1
120 . &42 , 6
.
128
1
(
5
4
<
Trong o:
4
3 3
cm 67 , 666
12
10 8
12
+ %
'
Vy a ngang san am bao iu kin vng.

c. 34nh t5"n '7 d1c 'Z 97n.
$. 80 _ tGnh.
- Tinh toan a doc san nhu mt dm lin tuc nhiu nhip nhn giao Pal lam gi
ta va chiu lc tp trung tu a ngang truyn vao. Ta co so tinh nhu hinh v:
l200 l200 l200
l200 l200 l200
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
P
tt
d
2,l4.P
tt
d
mmax =
l
0,l9.l .P
tt
d
q
tt
bt
q
tt
bt
.l
2
l0
mmax =
ll
182
kG 56 , 1057 120 . 813 , 8 " . q .
$$
d*
$$
dd

kG 04 , 833 120 . &42 , 6 " . q .
$c
d*
$c
dd

q
$$
%$
n.
g
.b.h 1,1x600x0,1x0,12 7,92kGm 0,0792kGcm
q
$c
%$

g
.b.h 600x0,1x0,12 7,2kGm 0,072Gcm.
[ ] , # # #
--
max
-
max max
+
cm . kG 24214
10
120 . 07&2 , 0
56 , 1057 . 120 . 1& , 0 #
2
max
+
Trong o:
g
g
600kGm
3
.
b : Chiu rng tit din a ngang chon b 0,1m.
h : Chiu cao tit din a ngang chon h 0,12m.

3
2 2
cm 240
6
12 . 10
6
+ . %

[ ]
2
cm . kG 36000 240 . 150 cm . kG 24214
10
120 . 07&2 , 0
56 , 1057 . 120 . 1& , 0 #
2
max
< + Vy
chon a doc san bng g co kich thuoc 10x12cm am bao kha nng chiu lc.
Ta co: 2 1
( ( ( +

cm 18& , 0
1440 . 10 . 1 , 1
120 . 04 , 833
.
48
1
' . E
" . /
.
48
1
(
5
3 3
dd
$c
dd
1

cm 00074 , 0
1440 . 10 . 1 , 1
120 . 072 , 0
.
384
5
' . E
" . /
.
384
5
(
5
4 4
dd
$c
%$
2

Trong o:
4
3 3
cm 1440
12
12 10
12
+ %
'
.

[ ] cm 3 , 0
400
120
( cm 1&& , 0 00074 , 0 18& , 0 ( < +
Vy a doc san am bao v iu kin vng.
d. Kim t! +hX nYn* ch=< l$c ch5 cT( ch,n* 'Z 97n.
Cy chng dm la giao Pal.
Ta co: [ ] kG 5810 . " . q . . 14 , 2 .
dd
%$
dd
$$
dd max
< +
183

[ ] kG 5810 . kG 68 , 2272 120 . 07&2 , 0 56 , 1057 . 14 , 2 .
max
< +
Vy giao PAL san am bao kha nng chiu lc.
=1 CB@C DÀ AkD DGOL ABO OGVL AQD L ]K L Mr@1
=111CB@C DÀ AkD DGO AQDL ]KL Mr@1
!. C8n* t"c c,t th# ct:
$ Cc yu c)u !hi gi= cng\ &;p ,Ong cPt th`p3
- Ct thep dung ung s hiu, chng loai, uong kinh, kich thuoc va s luong.
- Ct thep uoc t ung vi tri theo thit k quy inh.
- Ct thep phai sach, khng set ri.
- Khi gia cng ct, un, keo, han ct thep tin hanh ung theo cac quy inh voi tung
chng loai, uong kinh tranh khng lam thay i tinh cht co ly ca ct thep. Dung
toi, may tut nn thng thep nho. Thep co uong kinh lon thi dung vam th cng hoc
may un.
- Cac b phn lp dng truoc khng gy can tro cac b phn lp dng sau.
$ Yin php &;p ,Ong3
- Sau khi gia cng va sp xp ung chng loai ta dung cn truc thap ua ct thep ln
san tng 5.
- Kim tra tim, truc ca ct, vn chuyn ct thep n tung ct, tin hanh lp dng
dan giao, san cng tac (dan giao Minh Khai).
- m s luong ct ai lng truoc vao thep cho ct.
- Ni ct thep doc voi thep cho bng phuong phap han. Ni buc ct ai theo ung
khoang cach thit k, su dung san cng tac buc ct ai o trn cao. Mi ni buc ct
ai phai am bao chc chn tranh lam sai lch, xc xch khung thep.
35
3
5
35
(
l
5
-
2
0
)
v i n k t o l p BT bo v
Ru thp
- Cn buc sn cac vin k bng b tng co ru thep vao cac ct ai am bao chiu
day lop b tng bao v, cac im k cach nhau 60cm.
- Chinh tim ct thep sao cho at yu cu chun bi lp dng van khun.
b. C8n* t"c c,t th# d>m 97n.
R KhLng yu c)u !x thunt3
184
- Khi kim tra vic lp dng van khun dm san xong, tin hanh lp dng ct
thep. Cn phai chinh cho chinh xac vi tri ct thep truoc khi t vao vi tri.
- i voi ct thep dm san thi uoc gia cng o duoi truoc khi ua vao vi tri cn lp
dng.
- Ct thep phai am bao co chiu day lop b tng bao v.
- Tranh dm ln ct thep trong qua trinh lp dng ct thep va thi cng b tng.
$ Yin php &;p ,Ong3
- Ct thep dm uoc t truoc sau o t ct thep san.
- t doc hai bn dm h thng gh nga mang cac thanh a ngang. t cac thanh
thep cu tao ln cac thanh a ngang o. Lun ct ai uoc san thanh tung tum, sau o
lun ct doc chiu lc vao. Tin hanh buc ct ai vao ct chiu lc theo ung khoang cach
thit k. Sau khi buc xong, rut a ngang ha ct thep xung van khun dm.
- Truoc khi lp dng ct thep vao vi tri cn chu y t cac con k co chiu day bng
chiu day lop b tng bao v uoc uc sn tai cac vi tri cn thit tai ay van khun.
- Ct thep san uoc lp dng trc tip trn mt van khun. ai cac thanh thep chiu
m men duong truoc, dung thep (1-2)mm buc thanh luoi,sau o la lp ct thep chiu m
men m. Cn co san cng tac va han ch i lai trn san tranh dm ln thep trong
qua trinh thi cng.
- Khi lp dng ct thep san phai dung cac con k bng b tng co gn ru thep co
chiu day bng lop BT bao v va buc vao mt luoi ca thep san.
- Sau khi lp dng ct thep cn nghim thu cn thn truoc khi quyt inh b tng
dm san.
R Kghim thu 1. I" Zun cPt th`p S gi= cng3
- Vic nghim thu ct thep phai lam tai ch gia cng
- Nu san xut hang loat thi phai kim tra xac sut 5 tng san phm nhung khng
it hon 5 san phm kim tra mt ngoai, ba mu kim tra mi han.
- Ct thep uoc nghim thu phai bao quan khng bin hinh, han gi.
- Sai s kich thuoc khng qua 10 mm theo chiu dai va 5 mm theo chiu rng kt
cu. Sai lch v tit din khng qua 5 va -2 tng din tich thep.
- Nghim thu van khun va ct thep cho ung hinh dang thit k, kim tra lai h
thng cy chng am bao tht n inh moi tin hanh b tng.
3.2. Cng tac cp pha ct, dm san.
!. C8n* t"c c8# #h! ct
Rzu c)u chung3
185
- am bao ung hinh dang, kich thuoc cu kin theo yu cu thit k.
- am bao bn vung, n inh trong qua trinh thi cng.
- am bao kin khit khi b tng nuoc ximng khng bi chay ra gy anh
huong n cuong ca b tng.
-Lp dng va thao d mt cach d dang.
$Yin php &;p ,Ong3
- Truoc tin truyn dn truc tim ct
- Vn chuyn van khun, cy chng ln san tng 6 bng cn truc thap sau o vn
chuyn ngang n vi tri cac ct.
- Lp ghep cac tm van khun inh hinh ( uoc quet chng dinh ) thanh mang
thng qua cac cht chu L, moc thep chu . Van khun ct uoc gia cng ghep thanh hp
3 mt, ri lp dng vao khung ct thep dng xong, dung dy doi iu chinh vi tri va
thng ung ri dung cy chng chng van khun, sau o bt u lp van khun
mt con lai. Dung gng thep c inh hp van khun, khoang cach giua cac gng t
theo thit k.
- Cn cu vao vi tri tim ct, truc chun anh du, ta chinh vi tri tim ct trn mt
bng. Sau khi ghep van khun phai kim tra thng ung ca ct theo hai phuong bng
qua doi. Dung cy chng xin va dy neo co tng o iu chinh giu n inh cho van
khun ct. Voi ct giua thi dung 4 cy chng o 4 phia, cac ct bin thi chi chng uoc 3
hoc 2 cy chng nn phai su dung thm dy neo co tng o tng n inh.
b. C8n* t"c c8# #h! d>m, 97n.
- Sau khi b tng ct xong 2 ngay ta tin hanh thao d van khun ct va tin
hanh lp dng van khun dm san. Truoc tin ta dng h san cng tac thi cng lp
dng van khun dm san.
- Kim tra tim va cao trinh gi dm, cng dy khng ch tim va xac inh cao trinh
van ay dm.
- Lp h thng giao chng, a ngang, a doc: t cac thanh a doc ln u trn ca
h giao PAL; t cac thanh a ngang ln a doc tai vi tri thit k; c inh cac thanh a
ngang bng inh thep, lp van ay dm trn nhung a ngang o
- Tin hanh lp ghep van khun thanh dm, lin kt voi tm van ay bng tm goc
trong va cht nm .
186
- n inh van khun thanh dm bng cac thanh chng xin, cac thanh chng xin
nay uoc lin kt voi thanh a ngang bng inh va cac con k giu cho thanh chng xin
khng bi truot. Tip o tin hanh lp dng van khun san theo trinh t sau:
- t cac thanh a doc ln trn cac kich u ca cy chng t hop.
- Tip o lp cac thanh a ngang ln trn cac thanh a doc voi khoang cach 60cm.
- Lp t cac tm van san, lin kt bng cac cht nm.
- iu chinh ct va bng phng ca cac thanh a, khoang cach cac thanh a phai
ung theo thit k.
- Kim tra n inh ca van khun.
- Kim tra lai cao trinh, tim ct ca van khun dm san mt ln nua.
- Cac cy chng dm uoc ging giu am bao n inh.
$ KhLng yu c)u !hi &;p ,Ong 1n !hun3
- Vn chuyn ln xung phai nh nhang, tranh va cham x y lam van khun bi
bin dang.
- Van khun uoc ghep phai kin khit, am bao khng mt nuoc xi mng khi va
m b tng.
- Phai lam v sinh sach s van khun va truoc khi lp dng phai quet mt lop du
chng dinh cng tac thao d sau nay uoc thc hin d dang.
- Ct chng uoc ging cheo, ging ngang s luong, kich thuoc, vi tri
- Cac phuong phap lp ghep van khun, ct chng am bao theo nguyn tc on
gian va d thao. B phn nao cn thao truoc khng bi phu thuc vao b phn thao sau.
- Ct chng uoc t trn nn vung chc, khng truot. Phai kim tra vung chc
ca van khun, ct chng, san cng tac, uong i lai am bao an toan
;1 CB@C DÀ j? DB@C AQDL ]KL Mr@1
;111 CB@C DÀ j? DB@C AQD1
$ zu c)u Pi 1i 1L= I tng3
- Vua b tng phai am bao ung cac thanh phn cp phi.
- Vua b tng phai uoc trn u, am bao sut theo yu cu quy inh.
- am bao vic trn, vn chuyn, trong thoi gian ngn nht.
%hi cng: ct co chiu cao 3 m 5 m nn tin hanh b tng lin tuc.
- Chiu cao mi lop tu 3040cm thi cho m ngay
- Khi b tng cn chu y n vic t thep cho cho dm.
- m b tng:
187
- B tng ct uoc thanh tung lop day 30 40 (cm) sau o uoc m k bng
m dui. m xong lop nay moi uoc va m lop tip theo. Khi m, lop b tng phia
trn phai n su xung lop b tng duoi tu 5 10 (cm) lam cho hai lop b tng lin
kt voi nhau.
- Khi rut m ra khoi b tng phai rut tu tu va khng uoc tt ng co truoc va
trong khi rut m, lam nhu vy s tao ra mt l rng trong b tng.
- Khng uoc m qua lu tai mt vi tri, tranh hin tuong phn tng. Thoi gian m
tai mt vi tri 30 (s). m cho n khi tai vi tri m ni nuoc xi mng b mt va thy b
tng khng con xu huong tut xung nua la at yu cu.
- Khi m khng uoc bo sot va khng qua m cham vao ct thep lam rung ct
thep phia su noi b tng ang bt u qua trinh ninh kt dn n lam giam lc dinh giua
thep va b tng.
;1o1CB@C DÀ j? DB@C ]K Mr@1
- khng ch chiu day san, ta ch tao nhung ct mc bng b tng co chiu cao
bng chiu day san (h 10 cm).
$ zu c)u 1 1L= I tng3
- Vua b tng phai uoc trn u va am bao ng nht thanh phn.
- Thoi gian trn, vn chuyn, , m phai uoc rut ngn, khng uoc keo dai thoi
gian ninh kt ca xi mng.
- B tng phai co linh ng ( sut) thi cng, ap ung uoc yu cu kt cu.
$ zu c)u 1 1nn chuyn 1L= I tng3
- Phuong tin vn chuyn phai kin, khng uoc lam ro ri nuoc xi mng. Trong qua
trinh vn chuyn thung trn phai quay voi tc theo quy inh.
- Tuy theo nhit thoi im vn chuyn ma quy inh thoi gian vn chuyn nhiu
nht. Vi du:
o nhit : 20
0
30
0
thi t 45 phut.
10
0
20
0
thi t 60 phut.
- Tuy nhin trong qua trinh vn chuyn co th xay ra nhung truc trc, nn an toan
co th cho thm nhung phu gia deo lam tng thoi gian ninh kt ca b tng co nghia la
tng thoi gian vn chuyn.
- Khi xe trn b tng toi cng truong, truoc khi , thung trn phai uoc quay
nhanh trong vong mt phut ri moi uoc vao xe bom.
- Phai co k hoach cung ung vua b tng lin tuc trong mt ca.
188
$ %hi cng I tng3
- Sau khi cng tac chun bi hoan tt thi bt u thi cng bom b tng:
- Lam san cng tac bng mt mang van t song song voi vt , giup cho s i lai
ca cng nhn trc tip b tng
- B tri 3 nguoi di chuyn voi bom
- B tri 3 nhom phu trach b tng vao kt cu, m b tng, hoan thin b mt
kt cu ( 3 nhom, mi nhom 5 nguoi)
Tng cng dy chuyn t tho b tng dam san: 3x53 18 (nguoi)

- Huong b tng tu u nay qua u kia ca cng trinh bng mt mui
- Trong pham vi b tng , mt bng cng trinh khng rng lm chi cn mt vi tri
ung ca xe bom b tng
- Dung vua xi mng rua ng vn chuyn btng truoc khi
- Xe b tng thuong phm lui vao va trut b tng vao xe bom chon, xe bom b
tng bt u bom.
- Nguoi iu khin giu voi bom ung trn san tng 6 vua quan sat vua iu khin vi
tri t voi sao cho hop voi cng nhn thao tac btng theo huong thit k, tranh dn
BT mt ch qua nhiu.
- b tng theo phuong phap tu xa v gn so voi vi tri xe bom, huong b
tng dm theo huong b tng san.
- uoc mt oan thi tin hanh m, m b tng dm bng m dui va san bng
m ban. Cach m m dui trinh bay o cac phn truoc con m ban thi tin hanh nhu
sau:
- Keo m tu tu va am bao vi tri sau gi ln vi tri truoc tu 5-10cm.
- m bao gio thy vua b tng khng sut lun r rt va trn mt ni nuoc xi mng thi
thi tranh m mt ch lu qua b tng s bi phn tng. Thuong thi khoang 30-50s.
- Sau khi xong mt xe thi lui xe khac vao tip. B tri xe vao va xe xong
i ra khng bi vuong mc va am bao thoi gian nhanh nht.
- Cng tac thi cng b tng cu tun t nhu vy nhung vn phai am bao cac iu
kin sau:
- Trong khi thi cng ma gp mua vn phai thi cng cho n mach ngung thi cng.
iu nay thuong gp nht la thi cng trong mua mua. Nu thi
cng trong mua mua cn
189
m d i

l
,
5
.
R
phai co cac bin phap phong ngua nhu thoat nuoc cho b tng , che chn cho b
tng ang va cac bi chua vt liu.
- Nu n gio nghi ma chua toi mach ngung thi cng thi vn phai b tng
cho n mach ngung moi uoc nghi. Tuy nhin do cng sut may bom rt lon nn co th
khng cn b tri mach ngung ( BT lin tuc)
- Mach ngung (nu cn thit) cn t thng ung va nn chun bi cac thanh van g
chn mach ngung; vi tri mach ngung nm vao oan14 nhip san.
Khi b tng o mach ngung thi phai lam sach b mt b tng cu, tuoi vao o
nuoc h xi mng ri moi tip tuc b tng moi vao.
- Sau khi thi cng xong cn phai rua ngay cac trang thit bi thi cng dung cho
cac ln sau tranh vua b tng bam vao lam hong.
Ch : thi cng ct thun tin khi bt san ta cm cac thep bin phap` tai
nhung vi tri chng chinh ct . nhm muc ich tao nhung im ta cho cng tac thi
cng lp dng van khun ct . cac oan thep nay (~ 14) un thanh hinh chu va cm
vao bng chiu day ca san
;1=1 MpAG @C@C DGY AB@C
- Yu cu chung
- Mach ngung thi cng phai t o vi tri ma lc ct va m men un tuong i nho,
ng thoi phai vung goc voi phuong truyn lc nen vao kt cu. .
- Mach ngung thi cng nm ngang:
- Mach ngung thi cng nm ngang nn t o vi tri bng chiu cao cp pha.
- Truoc khi btng moi, b mt btng cu cn uoc xu li, lam nham, lam m va
trong khi phai m ln sao cho lop btng moi bam cht vao lop btng cu am bao
tinh lin khi ca kt cu.
- Mach ngung thng ung
190
H- ng b tng
- Mach ngung thi cng theo chiu thng ung hoc theo chiu nghing nn cu tao
bng loi thep voi mt loi 5mm l0mm va co khun chn.
- Truoc khi lop btng moi cn toi noc lam m b mt btng cu, lam nham b
mt, rua sach va trong khi phai m ki am bao tinh lin khi ca kt cu .
- Mach ngung thi cng o ct.
- Mach ngung o ct nn t o cac vi tri sau:
- o mt trn ca mong.
- o mt duoi ca dm, xa hay duoi cng xn dm cu truc;
- o mt trn ca dm cn truc.
- Dm co kich thuoc lon va lin khi voi ban thi mach ngung thi cng b tri cach
mt duoi ca ban tu 2cm - 3cm.
- Khi b tng san phng thi mach ngung thi cng co th t o bt ky vi tri nao
nhung phai song song voi canh ngn nht ca san.
- Khi b tng o cac tm san co suon theo huong song song voi dm phu thi mach
ngung thi cng b tri trong khoang 13 oan giua ca nhip dm.
Khi b tng theo huong song song voi dm chinh thi mach ngung thi cng b tri
o trong hai khoang giua ca nhip dm va Ban (mi khoang dai 14 nhip).
<1 CB@C DÀ jdq ]e@C j? DB@C1
<111 3?I AI AGI@C bGY jdq ]e@C j? DB@C
- Bao dung m la qua trinh giu cho b tng co m cn thit ninh kt va
ong rn sau khi tao hinh. Phuong phap va quy trinh bao dung m thc hin theo TCVN
5592 : 1991 B tng nng - Yu cu bao dung m t nhin .
-Thoi gian bao dung m cn thit khng uoc nho hon cac tri s ghi trong bang 17.
-Trong thoi ki bao dung, btng phai uoc bao v chng cac tac ng co hoc nhu
rung ng, lc xung xich, tai trong va cac tac ng co kha nng gy hu hai khac.
TGzY CYV@ jdq ]e@C K (DGq TCVN <<o : 11)
Vung khi
hu bao
dung
btng
Tn mua Thang
th
BD
28
T
th
BD ngay m
Vung A
H IV - IX 50 -55 3
ng X - III 40 - 50 4
Vung B
Kh II - VII 55 - 60 4
Mua VIII - I 35 - 40 2
191
Vung C
Kh XII - IV 70 6
Mua V - XI 30 1
Trong o:
-
th
BD Cuong bao dung toi han;
- T
ct
BD - Thoi gian bao dung cn thit;
- Vung A (tu Din Chu tro ra Bc);
- Vung B (phia ng Truong Son va tu Din Chu n Thun Hai)
-Vung C (Ty nguyn va Nam B)
<1o CB@C DÀ jdq ]e@C j? DB@C AQD:
- Sau khi , b tng phai uoc bao dung trong iu kin nhit va m thich
hop.
- B tng moi xong phai uoc che chn khng bi anh huong ca nng mua.
- B tng phai uoc giu m it nht la bay ngay m. Hai ngay u giu m cho b
tng thi cu hai gio tuoi nuoc mt ln, ln u tuoi nuoc sau khi b tng 4 7 gio, nhung
ngay sau 3 10 gio tuoi nuoc mt ln tuy thuc vao nhit ca mi truong.
<1= CB@C DÀ jdq ]e@C j? DB@C ]K Mr@:
- Cng tac bao dung b tng dm san da vao ban phn vung khi hu vit Nam
nhu o phn bao dung b tng mong.
- B tng sau khi tu 1012h uoc bao dung theo tiu chun Vit Nam 4453-95.
Cn chu y tranh khng cho b tng khng bi va cham trong thoi ky ng cung. B tng
uoc tuoi nuoc thuong xuyn giu m yu cu. Thoi gian bao dung b tng theo
bang 24 TCVN 4453-95. Vic theo di bao dung b tng uoc cac k su thi cng ghi lai
trong nht ky thi cng.
- B tng phai uoc bao dung trong iu kin va m thich hop.
- B tng moi xong phai uoc che chn khng bi anh huong ca nng mua.
-Thoi gian bt u tin hanh bao dung:
Nu troi nong thi sau 2 3 gio.
Nu troi mat thi sau 12 24 gio.
- Phuong phap bao dung:
- Tuoi nuoc: b tng phai uoc giu m it nht la 4 ngay m. Hai ngay u giu
m cho b tng cu hai gio tuoi nuoc mt ln, ln u tuoi nuoc sau khi b tng 4
7 gio, nhung ngay sau 3 10 gio tuoi nuoc mt ln tuy thuc vao nhit mi truong
(nhit cang cao thi tuoi nuoc cang nhiu va nguoc lai).
192
-Bao dung bng keo (nu cn): loai keo ph bin nht la keo SIKA, su dung keo
bom ln b mt kt cu, no lam giam s mt nuoc do bc hoi va am bao cho b tng co
uoc m cn thit.
-Vic i lai trn b tng chi cho phep khi b tng at 24 (Kgcm
2
) (mua h tu 1 2
ngay, mua ng khoang ba ngay).
X1 TG`q ] ABO OGV
X111 3?I AI AGI@C AWV AB@C DÀ DG`q ] h`@ bGIB@
- Cp pha a giao chi oc thao d khi b tng at cong cn thit kt cu
chiu oc trong long ban thn va cac tai trong tac ng khac trong giai oan thi cng
sau. Khi thao d ct pha, a giao, cn trach khng gy ung sut t ngt hoc va tram
manh lam h hai n kt cu b tng.
- Cac b phn ct pha a giao khng con chiu lc sau khi b tng ong rn (nh
ct pha thanh bn ca dm, ct, tong) co th oc thao d khi b tng at cong 50
daNcm
2
...
-i voi ct pha a giao chiu lc ca cac kt cu (ay dm, san, ct chng), nu
khng co cac chi dn c bit ca thit k thi oc thao d khi b tng at cac gia tri
cong ghi trong bang 3.
- Cac kt cu vng, cng -xn, sno chi oc thao ct chng va ct pha ay khi
cong b tng at mac thit k va co i trong chng lt.
-Khi thao d ct pha a giao o cac tm san b tng toan khi ca nha nhiu tng
nn thc hin nh :
Giu lai toan b a giao va ct chng o tm san nm k doi tm san sp b tng;
Thao d tung b phn ct chng ct pha ca tm san phia doi nua va giu lai cac
ct chng "an toan" cach nhau 3m doi cac dm co nhip lon hon 4m.
- i voi cac cng trinh xy dng trong khu vc co ng t va i voi cac cng
trinh c bit, tri s cong b tng cn at thao d ct pha chiu lc do thit k quy
inh.
-Vic cht tai tung phn ln kt cu sau khi thao d ct pha a giao cn oc tinh
toan theo cong b tng at loai kt cu va cac c trng v tai trong tranh cac
vt nut va cac h hong khac i voi kt
-Vic cht toan b tai trong ln cac kt cu thao d ct pha a giao chi oc thc
hin khi b tng at cong thit k.
X1o1 TG`q ] h`@ bGIB@ AQD:
193
- Do van khun ct la van khun khng chiu lc nn sau hai ngay co th thao d van
khun ct lam cac cng tac tip theo: Thi cng b tng dm san.
- Trinh t thao d van khun ct nhu sau:
Thao cy chng, dy chng ra truoc.
Thao gng ct va cui cung la thao d van khun ( thao tu trn xung duoi ).
X1=1 TG`q ] h`@ bGIB@ ]KL Mr@1
- Cng cu thao lp la bua nh inh, xa cy va kim rut inh.
- u tin thao van khun dm truoc sau o thao van khun san
Cach thao nhu sau:
- u tin ta noi cac cht inh ca cy chng t hop ra.
Tip theo o la thao cac thanh a doc va cac thanh a ngang ra.
Sau o thao cac cht nm va thao cac van khun ra.
Sau cung la thao cy chng t hop.
Ch 3
Sau khi thao cac cht inh ca cy chng va cac thanh a doc, ngang ta cn thao
ngay van khun ch o ra, tranh thao mt loat cac cng tac truoc ri moi thao van khun.
iu nay rt nguy him vi co th van khun s bi roi vao u gy tai nan.
Nn tin hanh tun t cng tac thao tu u nay sang u kia.
Thao xong nn cho nguoi o duoi van khun tranh qung qut xung san lam
hong san va cac phu kin.
Sau cung la xp thanh tung chng va ung chng loai vn chuyn v kho hoc
i thi cng noi khac uoc thun tin d dang.
_1 2UV AGyV bGIJgD DRD DEq@C j? DB@C
- Khi thi cng b tng ct thep toan khi, sau khi thao d van khun thi thuong
xay ra nhung khuyn tt sau:
_111 HYc@ De@C E j? DB@C
- Cac hin tuong r:
mt: r ngoai lop bao v ct thep.
su: r qua lop ct thep chiu lc.
thu sut: r xuyn qua kt cu.
7 Kguyn nhn3
- Do van khun ghep khng khit lam ro ri nuoc xi mng. Do vua b tng bi phn
tng khi hoc khi vn chuyn. Do m khng k hoc do day ca lop b tng
194
qua lon vuot qua anh huong ca m. Do khoang cach giua cac ct thep nho nn vua
khng lot qua.
7 Yin php si= chL=3
- i voi r mt: dung ban chai st ty sach cac vin a nm trong vung r, sau o
dung vua b tng soi nho mac cao hon mac thit k trat lai xoa phng.
- i voi r su: dung uc st va xa beng uc sach cac vin a nm trong vung r,
sau o ghep van khun (nu cn) vua b tng soi nho mac cao hon mac thit k, m
k.
- i voi r rng thu sut: truoc khi sua chua cn chng kt cu nu cn, sau o
ghep van khun va b tng mac cao hon mac thit k, m k.
_1o1 HYc@ De@C DEs@C KmD j? DB@C
7 Kguyn nhn: do khng bao dung hoc bao dung it nuoc nn xi mng bi mt nuoc.
7 8i= chL=3 p bao tai cat hoc mun cua, tuoi nuoc thuong xuyn tu 5 7 ngay.
_1=1 HYc@ De@C @iD AG\@ AGYK
- Khi thao van khun, trn b mt b tng co nhung vt nut nho phat trin khng
theo huong nao nhu vt chn chim.
7 Kguyn nhn: do khng che mt b tng moi nn khi troi nng to nuoc bc hoi
qua nhanh, b tng co ngot lam nut.
7 Yin php si= chL=3 dung nuoc xi mng quet va trat lai sau o ph bao tai tuoi
nuoc bao dung. Coi th dung keo SIKA, SELL .. bng cach v sinh sach s ri bom keo
vao.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Y. %Dpq% Fq % CDC %Dp CvKw
I. MUC CH V Y NGHA CUA VIEC THIT K TO CHUC THI CNG
11 MA PlAG
Cng tac thit k t chuc thi cng giup cho ta nm uoc mt s kin thuc co ban v
vic lp k hoach san xut (tin ) va mt bng san xut phuc vu cho cng tac thi cng,
ng thoi no giup cho chung ta nm uoc ly lun va nng cao dn v hiu bit thc t
co trinh chi ao thi cng trn cng truong.
$a-c Gch cuPi cng nhWm 3
- Nng cao uoc nng sut lao ng va hiu sut ca cac loai may moc,thit bi phuc
vu cho thi cng.
- am bao uoc cht luong cng trinh.
- am bao uoc an toan lao ng cho cng nhn va bn cho cng trinh.
195
- am bao uoc thoi han thi cng.
- Ha uoc gia thanh cho cng trinh xy dng.
o1 @CGV
- Cng tac thit k t chuc thi cng giup cho ta co th am nhim thi cng t ch trong
cac cng vic sau :
- Chi ao thi cng ngoai cng truong.
- iu phi nhip nhang cac khu phuc vu cho thi cng:
Khai thac va ch bin vt liu.
Gia cng cu kin va cac ban thanh phm.
Vn chuyn, bc d cac loai vt liu, cu kin ...
Xy hoc lp cac b phn cng trinh.
Trang tri va hoan thin cng trinh.
- Phi hop cng tac mt cach khoa hoc giua cng truong voi cac xi nghip hoc cac co
so san xut khac.
- iu ng mt cach hop li nhiu on vi san xut trong cung mt thoi gian va trn
cung mt ia im xy dng.
- Huy ng mt cach cn i va quan li uoc nhiu mt nhu: Nhn lc, vt tu, dung cu
, may moc, thit bi, phuong tin, tin vn, ...trong ca thoi gian xy dng.
II. Y C, NOI DNG V NHNG NGYN TAC CHNH TONG THIT K
TO CHUC THI CNG
11 3?I AI1
- Nng cao nng sut lao ng cho nguoi va may moc.
- Tun theo qui trinh qui pham k thut hin hanh am bao cht luong cng trinh,
tin va an toan lao ng.
- Thi cng cng trinh ung tin ra, nhanh chong ua cng trinh vao ban
giao va su dung.
- Phuong phap t chuc thi cng phai phu hop voi tung cng trinh va tung iu kin
cu th.
- Giam chi phi xy dng ha gia thanh cng trinh.
o1 NQY ]I@C:
- Cng tac thit k t chuc thi cng co mt tm quan trong c bit vi no nghin cuu
v cach t chuc va k hoach san xut.
- i tuong cu th ca mn thit k t chuc thi cng la:
196
Lp tin thi cng hop ly iu ng nhn lc, vt liu, may moc, thit bi,
phuong tin vn chuyn, cu lp va su dung cac ngun in, nuoc nhm thi cng tt nht
va ha gia thanh thp nht cho cng trinh.
Lp tng mt bng thi cng hop ly phat huy uoc cac iu kin tich cc khi xy
dng nhu: iu kin ia cht, thuy vn, thoi tit, khi hu, huong gio, in nuoc,...ng
thoi khc phuc uoc cac iu kin han ch mt bng thi cng co tac dung tt nht v
k thut va re nht v kinh t.
- Lp k hoach san xut cho tung tun, thang , quy trn co so ca k hoach thi
cng toan phn cung voi qua trinh chun bi.
- Lp k hoach huy ng nhn lc tham gia vao cac qua trinh san xut.
- Lp k hoach cung ung vt tu , tin vn, thit bi thi cng phuc vu cho tin
uoc am bao.
- Tinh toan nhu cu in nuoc, kho bi lang trai va thit k mt bng thi cng.
- Trn co so cn i va iu hoa moi kha nng huy ng, nghin cuu, lp k hoach
chi ao thi cng trong ca qua trinh xy dng am bao cng trinh uoc hoan thanh ung
nht hoc vuot muc k hoach thoi gian som ua cng trinh vao su dung.
=1 NGy@C @CIJ?@ DsA AGl@G:
- Co gioi hoa thi cng (hoc co gioi hoa ng b), nhm muc ich rut ngn thoi gian
xy dng, nng cao cht luong cng trinh, giup cng nhn han ch uoc nhung cng vic
nng nhoc, tu o nng cao nng sut lao ng.
- Nng cao trinh tay ngh cho cng nhn trong vic su dung may moc thit bi cach t
chuc thi cng ca can b cho hop ly ap ung yu cu k thut khi xy dng.
- Thi cng xy dng phn lon la phai tin hanh ngoai troi, do o cac iu kin v thoi
tit ,khi hu co anh huong rt lon n tc thi cng. o nuoc ta, mua bo thuong keo dai
gy nn can tro lon va tac hai nhiu n vic xy dng. Vi vy, thit k t chuc thi cng
phai co k hoach i pho voi thoi tit, khi hu,...am bao cho cng tac thi cng vn uoc
tin hanh binh thuong va lin tuc
III. LAP TIN O THI CNG CNG TNH
11 @CGV AWV DYg@ PQ DGY AB@C
- K hoach tin thi cng la loai vn ban kinh t k thut quan trong, trong o
chua cac vn then cht ca san xut. Trinh t trin khai cac cng tac, thoi gian hoan
thanh cac cng tac, bin phap k thut thi cng va an toan bt buc phai theo nhm am
bao k thut, tin cng trinh va gia thanh.
197
- Tin thi cng la vn ban uoc ph duyt mang tinh phap ly moi hoat ng phai
phuc tung nhung ni dung trong tin uoc lp am bao qua trinh xy dng uoc
tin hanh lin tuc nh nhan theo ung thu t ma tin uoc lp.
- Tin thi cng giup nguoi can b chi ao thi cng trn cn truong mt cach t
ch trong qua trinh tin hanh san xut.
o1 3?I AI hr @QY ]I@C AWV DYg@ PQ DGY AB@C
o111 3?I AI
- Su dung phuong phap thi cng lao ng khoa hoc
- Tao iu kin tng nng sut lao ng tit kim vt liu khai thac trit cng sut,
may moc thit bi.
- Trinh t thi cng hop li, phuong phap thi cng hin ai phu hop voi tinh cht va iu
kin tung cng trinh c th.
- Tp chung ung lc luong vao khu san xut trong im.
- am bao s nhip nhang n inh, lin tuc trong qua trinh san xut.
o1o1 NQY ]I@C
- La n inh thoi han bt u va kt thuc ca tung cng vic, sp xp thu t trin
khai cng vic theo trinh t co cu nht inh nhm chi ao san xut mt cach lin tuc
nhip nhang ap ung yu cu v thoi gian thi cng am bao an toan lao ng, cht luong
cng trinh va gia thanh.
=1 LRO DYg@ PQ DGY AB@C DEF@G
=111 C Mf PZ TRO DYg@ PQ
Ta cn cu vo cac ti liu sau:
- Ban v thi cng.
- Qui pham v tiu chun k thut thi cng.
- inh muc lao ng.
- Khi long ca tung cng tac.
- Bin phap k thut thi cng.
- Kha nng ca on vi thi cng.
- c im tinh hinh ia cht thuy vn, ong xa khu vc thi cng ,..
- Thoi han hon thnh v bn giao cng trinh do ch u t ra.
=1o1 Tl@G Dq`@ bGkY Te@C hr @G\@ AB@C AÀ AB@C DÀ
Da vao cac ban v kin truc va kt cu ta tinh uoc khi luong cac cng vic, kt
qua cu th trong bang muc luc.
198
=1=1 V DYg@ PQ ( [K jd@ h)
=1;1 `@G CY` jYZI P @G\@ TÂ1
- Nhn lc la dang tai nguyn c bit la khng d tru uoc. Do o cn phai su
dung hop ly trong sut thoi gian thi cng.
- Cac h s anh gia cht luong ca biu nhn lc
![ \ 9, +h8n* 'i]< h57 6] 9A dUn* nhTn c8n* : ^K
1
[
K
1

$%
max
0
0
voi A
tb

T
S
Trong o : - A
max
: S cng nhn cao nht co mt trn cng truong (73 nguoi)
- A
tb
: S cng nhn trung binh trn cng truong.
- S : Tng s cng lao ng : (S 17310 cng)
- T : Tng thoi gian thi cng (T 312 ngay).
A
tb

48 , 55
312
17310

nn
316 , 1
48 , 55
73
max
1

tI
M
M
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1,5
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207
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2

%
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,
Trong o : - T
du
: Tng s ngay co nhn cng lon hon nhn cng trung binh
- T : Tng thoi gian thi cng
~ Su dung lao ng hiu qua, nhu cu v phuong tin thi cng, vt tu hop ly , dy
chuyn thi cng nhip nhang.
IV. LAP TONG MAT BANG THI CNG:
11 C Mf Dl@G Dq`@:
- Cn cu vao yu cu ca t chuc thi cng, tin thc hin cng trinh, ta xac inh
uoc nhu cu cn thit v vt tu, thit bi, may phuc vu thi cng, nhn lc nhu cu phuc
vu sinh hoat.
- Cn cu vao tinh hinh cung cp vt tu thc t.
- Cn cu vao tinh hinh mt bng thc t ca cng trinh ta b tri cac cng trinh tam, kho
bi theo yu cu cn thit phuc phu cho cng tac thi cng, am tinh cht hop ly.
o1 MA PlAG:
- Tinh toan lp tng mt bng thi cng la am bao tinh hiu qua kinh t trong cng tac
quan ly, thi cng thun loi, hop ly hoa trong dy truyn san xut, tranh truong hop di
chuyn chng cheo, gy can tro ln nhau trong qua trinh thi cng.
199
- am bao tinh n inh phu hop trong cng tac phuc vu cho cng tac thi cng, khng
lng phi, tit kim (tranh uoc truong hop khng ap ung nhu cu san xut.
=1 Tl@G Dq`@ TRO D@C KmD jn@C DGY AB@C:
=111 2k Te@C AÀ jQ AB@C @G\@ hY?@ DE?@ AB@C DEez@C hr @GI AI ]Yc@ DlAG MU ]@C:
Tinh s luong cng nhn trn cng truong:
V) 2k AB@C @G\@ [\J ]^@C A jd@ DEÂ DYgO DGY AB@C :
Theo biu tin thi cng thi :
A
tb

48 , 55
312
17310
(nguoi) chon 56 nguoi

j)2k AB@C @G\@ TrK hYcA f AÀ [ef@C OG DE :
B K.A
ly K30
B 0,3.56 16,8 (nguoi)
~chon 17 nguoi
A) 2k A`@ jQ AB@CL @G\@ hY?@ b DGIRD :
C 6.(AB) 6.(5617) 4,38 (nguoi) )
~chon 5 nguoi
]) 2k A`@ jQ @G\@ hY?@ Gr@G AGl@G :
D 6.(ABC) 6.(56175 ) 4,68 (nguoi) Chon D 5(nguoi)
e) S nhn vin dich vu:
E S ( A B C D ) Voi cng truong trung binh S 7
E 7.( 561755) 5,81 ( nguoi)
Chon E 6(nguoi)
Tng s can b cng nhn vin cng truong :
G 1.06(A B C D E) 1,06.(5617556) 94,34(nguoi)
(1,06 la h s k n nguoi nghi m , i phep )
~ chon 95 nguoi
/Yc@ DlAG MU ]@C 1
- Nha lam vic ca can b, nhn vin k thut
S can b la 55 10 nguoi voi tiu chun 4m
2
nguoi
Din tich su dung : S 4 10 40 m
2
[ Ein tGch nh. ngh: : S ca nhiu cng nht la A
max
73 nguoi .Tuy nhin do cng
truong o trong thanh ph nn chi cn am bao ch o cho 80 nhn cng nhiu nht Tiu
chun din tich cho cng nhn la 2 m
2
nguoi .
200
S
2
73.0,8.2 116,8 (m
2
).
Chon S 120 m
2
7 Ein tGch nh. 1 sinh [ nh. t;m3
Tiu chun 2,5m
2
20nguoi
Din tich su dung la: S
20
5 , 2
.73 9.125 m
2

Chon 20 m
2
Din tich cac phong ban chuc nng cho trong bang sau:
Tn phong ban Din tich (m
2
)
- Nha lam vic ca can b k thuty t
- Nha xe cng nhn
- Nha nghi ca
- Kho dung cu
- Nha C nha tm
- Nha bao v
- 40
- 30
- 120
- 40
- 20
- 10
3.2. Tinh din tich kho bi.
=2 Fh" ch= 5i mong.
- Hin nay vt liu xy dng noi chung, xi mng noi ring uoc ban rng ri trn thi
truong. Nhu cu cung ung khng han ch, moi luc moi noi khi cng trinh yu cu.
- Vi vy chi tinh luong xi mng d tru trong kho cho ngay co nhu cu xi mng cao
nht( tai ch). Da vao tin thi cng lp ta xac inh khi b tng ct:
V 30,95 m
3
B tng a 12 mac 350 sut 6 - 8 cm su dung xi mng P30 theo inh muc ta co
khi luong xi mng cn thit cho 1 m
3
b tng la : 658 kG m
3

- Theo inh muc 242005QD- BXD , voi m hiu C2235 co
Xi mng: 30,95 . 1,025 . 592 18,78 (tn)
Ngoai ra tinh toan khi luong xi mng d tru cn thit lam cac cng vic phu
201
(1000kG) dung cho cac cng vic khac sau khi b tng ct
Xi mng :18,78 1 19,78(Tn)
- Din tich kho chua xi mng la :
F 19,78Dmax 19,78 1,1 17,998 m
2
(trong o Dmax 1,1 Tm
2
la inh muc sp xp lai vt liu).
Din tich kho co k li i la:
S .F 1,4.17,998 25,17 m
2
Vy chon din tich kho chua xi mng F 25m
2

(Voi 1,4-1,6 i voi kho kin ly 1,4)
I2 Fh" ch= th`p 1. gi= cng th`p.
- Khi luong thep trn cng truong phai d tru gia cng va lp dng cho 1 tng
gm : (dm, san, ct, cu thang).
- Theo s liu tinh toan thi ta xac inh khi luong thep lon nht la : 27,046 tn
- inh muc sp xp lai vt liu Dmax 1,5tnm
2
.
- Din tich kho chua thep cn thit la :
F 27,046Dmax 27,0461,5 18,036 m
2
- thun tin cho vic sp xp, bc d va gia cng vi chiu dai thanh thep nn ta
chon din tich kho chua thep F 75m
2
c2 Fh" ch= Vn !hun3
Luong Van khun su dung lon nht la trong cac ngay gia cng lp dng van khun
dm san (S 1632 m
2
). Van khun dm san bao gm cac tm van khun thep (cac tm
mt va goc), cac cy chng thep Lenex va a ngang, a doc bng g. Theo m hiu
KB.2110 ta co khi luong:
Thep tm: 1632 .51,81100 845.53 kg 0,84553 T
Thep hinh: 1632.48,84100 797.06 kg 0,79706 T
G lam thanh a: 1632.0,496100 8.09 m
3
Theo inh muc ct chua vt liu:
Thep tm: 4 - 4,5 Tm
2
Thep hinh: 0,8 - 1,2 Tm
2
G lam thanh a: 1,2 - 1,8 m
3
m
2
Din tich kho:
F
m=i5
i
E
d
4 , 6
5 . 1
09 , 8
1
79706 . 0
4
84553 . 0
+ +
m
2
202
Chon kho chua Van khun co din tich: F 6x6,4 38.4 (m
2
) am bao thun tin
khi xp cac cy chng theo chiu dai . chon 40 m
2
,2 YSi ch= ct 1.ng3
Cat cho 1 ngay b tng lon nht voi khi luong : 30,95 m
3
B tng mac 350 # sut 6- 8 cm su dung xi mng P30 theo inh muc ta co cat vang
cn thit cho 1 m
3
b tng la : 0.658 m
3

inh muc D
max
2m
3
m
2
voi tru luong trong 4 ngay
Din tich bi:

2
09 , 5
4
658 . 0 . 95 , 30
m k
Chon F 10 (m
2
)
H2 YSi ch= /122cm.
Khi luong a 12 su dung lon nht cho 1 ot b tng ct, vach va li voi khi
luong: 30,95 m
3

B tng mac 350 # sut 6 - 8 cm su dung xi mng P30 theo inh muc ta co a dm
cn thit cho 1 m
3
b tng la : 1,1189 m
3

inh muc D
max
2m
3
m
2
voi tru luong trong 4 ngay
2
657 . 8
4
1189 , 1 . 95 , 30
m k
Chon F 10(m
2
)
b2 YSi ch= g'ch .
Gach xy cho tng in hinh la tng co khi luong lon nht 171,6 m
3
voi khi xy
gach theo tiu chun ta co : 1 vin gach co kich thuoc 22011060(mm) ung voi
550 vin cho 1 m
3
xy :
Vy s luong gach la: 171,6 . 550 94380(vin)
inh muc D
max
1100vm
2

- Vy din tich cn thit la :

2
592 , 20
1100 . 5
94380
. 2 , 1 m k
Chia 5(vi ta xy trong 1 ngay nhung chi d tru gach trong 2 ngay)
Chon din tich xp gach F 25 m
2

3.3.H thng in thi cng va sinh hoat
in:
- in thi cng va chiu sang sinh hoat .
203
Tng cng sut cac phuong tin , thit bi thi cng .
May trn b tng : 4,1 kw .
Cn truc thap : 18,5 kw.
May vn thng 1 may: 3,1 kw
m dui : 4cai0,8 3,2 kw.
m ban : 2cai1 2 kw.
May cua bao lin hop 1cai 1,2 1,2 kw .
May ct un thep : 1,2 kw.
May han : 3 kw.
May bom nuoc 1 cai :2 kw.
Tng cng sut ca may P
1
38 kw.
- in sinh hoat trong nha .
in chiu sang cac kho bi, nha chi huy, y t, nha bao v cng trinh, in bao v
ngoai nha.
in trong nha:
TT Noi chiu sang
inh muc
(m
2
)
Din tich
(m
2
)
P
()
1 Nha chi huyy t 15 40 600
2 Nha bao v 15 10x2 300
3 Nha nghi tam ca cng nhn 15 120 1800
4 Nha v sinh 3 25 75
in bao v ngoai nha:
TT Noi chiu sang Cng sut
1 uong chinh 6 100 600
2 Bi gia cng 2 75 150
3 Cac kho, lan trai 6 75 450
4 Bn goc tng mt bng 4 500 2000
5 n bao v cac goc cng trinh 6 75 450
Tng cng sut dung:
204
P
,
_
+ +

3 3 2 2
1 1
cos
1 , 1 ( F ( F
( F
Trong o:
1,1: H s tinh n hao hut in ap trong toan mang.
cos
: H s cng sut thit k ca thit bi(ly 0,75)

K
1
, K
2
, K
3
: H s su dung in khng iu hoa.
( K
1
0,7 ; K
2
0,8 ; K
3
1,0 )
3 2 1
, , ( ( (
la tng cng sut cac noi tiu thu.
P
tt

) ( 34 , 41 65 , 3 . 1 775 , 2 . 8 , 0
75 , 0
38 . 7 , 0
. 1 , 1 !m
1
]
1
+ +

- Su dung mang luoi in 3 pha (380220V). Voi san xut dung in 380V220V bng
cach ni hai dy nong, con thp sang dung in th 220V bng cach ni 1 dy nong va
mt dy lanh.
- Mang luoi in ngoai troi dung dy ng uoc boc lop vo nha c bit cach in.
Mang luoi in o nhung noi co vt liu d chay hay noi co nhiu nguoi qua lai thi dung
dy boc vo cach in, dy cap nha ngm.
- Noi co cn truc hoat ng thi luoi in phai lun vao cap nha ngm.
- Cac uong dy in t theo uong i co th su dung ct in lam noi treo n hoc
pha chiu sang. Dung ct in bng g dn toi noi tiu thu, ct cach nhau 30m, cao
hon mt t 6,5m, chn su duoi t 2m. chung ca dy cao hon mt t 5m.
=2 Ch+n my Iin p3
Cng sut phan khang tinh toan: Q
t
) ( 12 , 55
75 , 0
34 , 41
cos
!m
p
tt

Cng sut biu kin tinh toan:

S
t
) ( 9 , 68 12 , 55 34 , 41
2 2 2 2
!m d (
t t
+ +
Chon may bin ap ba pha do HBT san xut , xut xu Vit Nam, co cng sut inh muc
100 KVA
I2 %Gnh t"n ,y ,n3
Tinh theo sut in th cho phep:

cos . 10
2
j
g a
j

Trong o: M m men tai ( K.Km ).
205
- in th danh hiu ( KV ).
- in tro ca 1Km dai uong dy.
Gia thit chiu dai tu mang in quc gia toi tram bin ap cng truong la 200m
Ta co m men tai M P.L 45,94.200 9188k.m 9,19 k.km
Chon dy nhm co tit din ti thiu cho phep i voi uong dy cao th la
S
min
35mm
2
chon dy A.35

.Tra bang7.9(sach TKTMBXD) voi cos
0.7
uoc 0,883
Tinh sut in ap cho phep

2 2
9,19.0,883
0.0322 10
10 cos 10.6 .0, 7
a g
j
j
<
Nhu vy dy chon A-35 la at yu cu

- Chon dy dn phn phi n phu tai
ez@C ]\J Md@ [IND:
uong dy ng lc co chiu dai L 100m
in ap 380220 co
) ( 38000 ) ( 38 m Fm (
S
sx

j j F
X (
,

. .
. 100
2

Trong o:L 100 m Chiu dai oan uong dy tinh tu im u n noi tiu thu.
j 5 - sut in th cho phep.
K 57 - H s k n vt liu lam dy (ng).
j
,
380 (V) - in th ca uong dy on vi
S
sx

) ( 23 , 9
5 . 380 . 57
100 . 38000 . 100
2
2
mm
Chon dy cap co 4 li dy ng
Mi dy co S 16 mm
2
va I 150 (A ).
-Kim tra dy dn theo cuong :
I
cos . . 3jb
(
Trong o :
) ( 38000 ) ( 38 m Fm (
I
220 ( V ).
cos 0,68:vi s luong ng co 10
I
) ( 83 , 146
68 , 0 . 220 . 73 , 1
38000
cos . . 3
M
j
(
b

150 ( A ).
206
Nhu vy dy chon thoa mn iu kin.
-Kim tra theo bn co hoc:
i voi dy cap bng ng co din th 1(kV) tit din S
min
16 mm
2
.Vy dy cap
chon la thoa mn tt ca cac iu kin
uong dy sinh hoat va chiu sang:
uong dy sinh hoat va chiu sang co chiu dai L 200m
in ap 220Vco
) ( 5642 ) ( 642 , 5 m Fm (
S
sh

j j F
X (
,

. .
. 200
2
Trong o: L 200m - Chiu dai oan uong dy tinh tu im u n noi tiu thu.
j 5 - sut in th cho phep.
K 57 - H s k n vt liu lam dy (ng).
j
,
220 (V) - in th ca uong dy on vi .
S
) ( 36 , 15
5 . 220 . 57
200 . 5642 . 200
2
2
mm
.
Chon dy cap co 4 li dy ng
Mi dy co S 16 mm
2
va I 150 (A ).
-Kim tra dy dn theo cuong :
I
cos
b
j
(
Trong o :
) ( 5642 ) ( 642 , 5 m Fm (
I
220 ( V ).
cos 1,0 : vi la in thp sang.
I
) ( 64 , 25
0 , 1 . 220
5642
M
150 ( A ).
Nhu vy dy chon thoa mn iu kin.
-Kim tra theo bn co hoc:
i voi dy cap bng ng co din th 1(kV) tit din S
min
16 mm
2
.Vy dy cap
chon la thoa mn tt ca cac iu kin
. Tinh toan nuoc thi cng va sinh hoat
X#@ng n#c si ,-ng #@c 5c *nh tr"ng Ing s=u3
207
TT CÀ PYZK ]@C @ewA .vi
K.luong
(A)
inh muc
(n)
} @
(m
3
)
1 May trn vua b tng m
3
30,95 300Lm
3
9,285
2 ua cat, a 12 m
3
14,22 150Lm
3
2,13
3 Bao dung b tng m
3
300Lm
3
0,3
4 Trn vua xy m
3
24,2 0,3 300Lm
3
2,18
5 Tuoi gach V 24,2 550 290L1000v 3,86
Ta co P 17755(l)
- Xac inh nuoc dung cho san xut:
Q
sx

3600 . 8
. 2 , 1
.
F (
!p m
Trong o: 1,2 : h s k n nhung may khng k ht
P
may.kip
: la luong nuoc may san xut trong 1 kip
K 2,2 : h s su dung nuoc khng iu hoa
Q
sx

1, 2.2, 2.17290
1, 58( )
8.3600
& s
Q
sx

) ( 627 . 1
3600 . 8
17755 . 2 , 2 . 2 , 1
s &
- Xac inh nuoc dung cho sinh hoat:
P P
a
P
b
P
a
: la luong nuoc dung cho sinh hoat trn cng truong:
P
a
) (
3600 . 8
. .
. 1
s X
( K F
!p n
Trong o: K: la h s khng iu hoa K 2
N
1
:S cng nhn trn cng truong (N
1
59 1018 87 (nguoi).
P
n
:Luong nuoc ca cng nhn trong 1 kip o cng truong
(Ly P
n
20Lnguoi)
P
a

) ( 1208 . 0
3600 . 8
20 . 87 . 2
s &
P
b
: la luong nuoc trong khu nha o:
P
b
) (
3600 . 24
. . .
. 2
s X
( K F
ngy n
Trong o: K: la h s khng iu hoa K 2,5
N
2
:S nhn cng trong khu sinh hoat (N
2
99 nguoi).
P
n
: Nhu cu nuoc cho cng nhn trn 1 ngay m (Ly P
n
50Lnguoi)
208
P
b

) ( 43 . 0
3600 . 24
50 . 99 . 5 , 2
s &
P
SH
P
a
P
b
0,1208 0,43 0,5508(ls)
- Xac inh luu luong nuoc dung cho cuu hoa:
Ta tra bang voi loai nha co chiu lua la dang kho chay va khi tich trong khoang (5 -
20) 1000m
3
ta co :P
cc
10(ls)
Ta co: P
Sx
P
SH
1,2 0,3741,574(ls)
P
Sx
P
SH
1,574(ls) P
cc
10(ls)
Vy luong nuoc dung trn cng truong tinh theo cng thuc :
P 0,7.( P
Sx
P
SH
) P
cc
P 0,7.(1,574) 10 11.1(ls)
Gia thit uong kinh ng D 100(mm) Ly vn tc nuoc chay trong uong ng la: v
1,5 ms
uong kinh ng dn nuoc co uong kinh la: D
1000 . .
. 4
V
(
D
4.11, 09
0, 097 97( )
3,14.1, 5.1000
m mm
Chon uong kinh ng D 100 mm.
Vy chon uong kinh ng gia thit la thoa mn
CH-NG III: }N T%7N L}% NG V7 V 2INH M(I TR-NG
I1 }N T%7N L}% NG
- Khi thi cng nha cao tng vic cn quan tm hang u la bin phap an toan lao
ng. Cng trinh phai la noi quan ly cht ch v s nguoi ra vao trong cng trinh (Fhng
phnn sO min 1."). Tt ca cac cng nhn u phai uoc hoc ni quy v an toan lao ng
truoc khi thi cng cng trinh.
11 }@ Dqr@ TVq PQ@C DEq@C DGY AB@C A~A
- Khi thi cng coc phai thc hin moi quy inh v an toan lao ng va am bao v
sinh mi truong v ong coc theo quy inh hin hanh.
- Trong ong coc, ep coc oan coc mi phai co u chup, phai co bin phap an toan
khi dng hai oan coc mi, ni tp nhau ong, ep.
- Khi lp dng coc phai kim tra dung cu cu lp, thit bi neo buc , thit bi ong ep
.
o1 }@ Dqr@ TVq PQ@C DEq@C DGY AB@C Prq PND
209
2.1. S c thuong gp khi ao t
- Khi ao t h mong co rt nhiu s c xay ra, vi vy cn phai chu y co nhung
bin phap phong ngua, hoc khi xay ra s c cn nhanh chong khc phuc am bao
yu cu v k thut va kip tin thi cng.
- ang ao t, gp troi mua lam cho t bi sut lo xung ay mong. Khi tanh
mua,nhanh chong ly ht ch t sp xung, luc vet t sp lo cn chua lai 30cm ay h
ao so voi ct thit k. Khi boc bo lop t chua lai nay (bng th cng) n u phai tin
hanh lam lop lot mong bng b tng gach v ngay n o.
- Co th ong ngay cac lop van va chng thanh vach sau khi don xong t sp lo
xung mong.
- Cn co bin phap tiu nuoc b mt khi gp mua nuoc khng chay tu mt xung
ay h ao. Cn lam rnh o mep h ao thu nuoc, phai co rnh con trach quanh h
mong tranh nuoc trn b mt chay xung h ao.
- Khi ao gp a "m ci nm chim" hoc khi rn nm khng ht ay mong thi
phai pha bo thay vao bng lop cat pha a dm ri m k lai cho nn chiu tai u.
- Trong h mong gp tui bun: phai vet sach ly ht phn bun nay trong pham vi
mong. Phn bun ngoai mong phai co tuong chn khng cho luu thng giua 2 phn bun
trong va ngoai pham vi mong.Thay vao vi tri ca tui bun ly i cn cat, t trn a
dm, hoc cac loai t co gia c do co quan thit k chi inh.
- Gp mach ngm co cat chay: cn lam ging loc hut nuoc ngoai pham vi h
mong, khi h mong kh, nhanh chong bit dong nuoc co cat chay bng b tng nuoc
va cat khng un ra uoc. Khn truong thi cng phn mong o khu vc cn thit tranh
kho khn.
- ao phai vt ngm nhu uong ng cp thoat nuoc, dy cap in cac loai: Cn
nhanh chong chuyn vi tri cng tac co giai phap xu ly. Khng uoc keo dai s c
s nguy him cho vung ln cn va anh huong toi tin thi cng. Nu lam v ng nuoc
phai khoa van truoc im lam v xu ly ngay. Lam ut dy cap phai bao cho on vi
quan ly, ng thoi nhanh chong so tan truoc khi ngt in u ngun.
2.2. ao t bng may
- Trong thoi gian may hoat ng, cm moi nguoi i lai trn mai dc t nhin, cung
nhu trong pham vi hoat ng ca may, khu vc nay phai co bin bao.
- Khi vn hanh may phai kim tra tinh trang may, vi tri t may, thit bi an toan
phanh hm, tin hiu, m thanh, cho may chay thu khng tai.
210
- Khng uoc thay i nghing ca may khi gu xuc ang mang tai hay ang
quay gn. Cm hm phanh t ngt.
- Thuong xuyn kim tra tinh trang ca dy cap, khng dung dy cap ni.
- Trong moi truong hop khoang cach giua cabin may va thanh h ao phai ~ 1,5 m.
2.3. ao t bng th cng
- Phai trang bi dung cu cho cng nhn theo ch hin hanh.
- Cm nguoi i lai trong pham vi 2m tinh tu mong tranh tinh trang roi xung h.
- ao t h mong sau mi trn mua phai rc cat vao bc than ln xung tranh truot
ng.
- Cm b tri nguoi lam vic trn ming h trong khi ang co vic o bn duoi h ao
trong cung mt khoang ma t co th roi, lo xung nguoi bn duoi.
=1 }@ Dqr@ TVq PQ@C DEq@C AB@C DÀ j? DB@C hr j? DB@C AkD DGO
3.1. Lp dng, thao d dan giao
- Khng uoc su dung dan giao co bin dang, ran nut, mon gi hoc thiu cac b
phn: moc neo, ging ....
- Khe ho giua san cng tac va tuong cng trinh ~0,05 m khi xy va 0,2 m khi trat.
- Cac ct gian giao phai uoc t trn vt k n inh.
- Cm xp tai ln gian giao, noi ngoai nhung vi tri qui inh.
- Khi dan giao cao hon 6m phai lam it nht 2 san cng tac: San lam vic bn trn,
san bao v bn duoi.
- Khi dan giao cao hon 12 m phai lam cu thang. dc ca cu thang 60
o
- L hng o san cng tac ln xung phai co lan can bao v o 3 phia.
- Thuong xuyn kim tra tt ca cac b phn kt cu ca dan giao, gia , kip thoi
phat hin tinh trang hu hong ca dan giao co bin phap sua chua kip thoi.
- Khi thao d dan giao phai co rao ngn, bin cm nguoi qua lai. Cm thao d dan
giao bng cach git .
- Khng dng lp, thao d hoc lam vic trn dan giao va khi troi mua to, ging bo
hoc gio cp 5 tro ln.
3.2. Cng tac gia cng, lp dng van khun
- Van khun dung kt cu b tng phai uoc ch tao va lp dng theo ung
yu cu trong thit k thi cng uoc duyt.
- Van khun ghep thanh khi lon phai am bao vung chc khi cu lp va khi cu lp
phai tranh va cham vao cac b kt cu lp truoc.
211
- Khng uoc trn van khun nhung thit bi vt liu khng co trong thit k, k
ca khng cho nhung nguoi khng trc tip tham gia vao vic b tng ung trn van
khun.
- Cm t va cht xp cac tm van khun cac b phn ca van khun ln chiu nghi
cu thang, ln ban cng, cac li i sat canh l hng hoc cac mep ngoai ca cng trinh.
Khi chua ging keo chung.
- Truoc khi b tng can b k thut thi cng phai kim tra van khun, nn co hu
hong phai sua chua ngay. Khu vc sua chua phai co rao ngn, bin bao.
3.3. Cng tac gia cng, lp dng ct thep
- Gia cng ct thep phai uoc tin hanh o khu vc ring, xung quanh co rao chn va
bin bao.
- Ct, un, keo ct thep phai dung nhung thit bi chuyn dung, phai co bin phap
ngn ngua thep vng khi ct ct thep co oan dai hon hoc bng 0,3m.
- Ban gia cng ct thep phai uoc c inh chc chn, nu ban gia cng ct thep co
cng nhn lam vic o hai gia thi o giua phai co luoi thep bao v cao it nht la 1,0 m. Ct
thep lam xong phai ung ch quy inh.
- Khi nn thng thep tron cun bng may phai che chn bao him o truc cun truoc
khi mo may, hm ng co khi ua u ni thep vao truc cun.
- Khi gia cng ct thep va lam sach ri phai trang bi y phuong tin bao v ca
nhn cho cng nhn.
- Khng dung keo tay khi ct cac thanh thep thanh cac mu ngn hon 30cm.
- Buc ct thep phai dung dung cu chuyn dung, cm buc bng tay cho phap trong
thit k.
- Khi dng lp ct thep gn uong dy dn in phai ct in, truong hop khng ct
uoc in phai co bin phap ngn ngua ct thep va cham vao dy in.
3.4. va m b tng
- Truoc khi b tng can b k thut thi cng phai kim tra vic lp t coIIa, ct
thep, dan giao, san cng tac, uong vn chuyn. Chi uoc tin hanh sau khi co vn
ban xac nhn.
- Li qua lai duoi khu vc ang b tng phai co rao ngn va bin cm. Truong
hop bt buc co nguoi qua lai cn lam nhung tm che o phia trn li qua lai o.
- Cm nguoi khng co nhim vu ung o san rot vua b tng. Cng nhn lam nhim
vu inh huong, iu chinh may, voi bom b tng phai co gng, ng.
- Khi dung m rung m b tng cn:
212
Ni t voi vo m rung
Dung dy buc cach in ni tu bang phn phi n ng co in ca m
Lam sach m rung, lau kh va qun dy dn khi lam vic
Ngung m rung tu 5-7 phut sau mi ln lam vic lin tuc tu 30-35 phut.
Cng nhn vn hanh may phai uoc trang bi ng cao su cach in va cac phuong
tin bao v ca nhn khac.
3.5. Bao dung b tng
- Khi bao dung b tng phai dung dan giao, khng uoc ung ln cac ct chng
hoc canh van khun, khng uoc dung thang ta vao cac b phn kt cu b tng ang
bao dung.
- Bao dung b tng v ban m hoc nhung b phn kt cu bi che khut phai co
n chiu sang.
3.6. Thao d van khun
- Chi uoc thao d van khun sau khi b tng at cuong qui inh theo huong
dn ca can b k thut thi cng.
- Khi thao d van khun phai thao theo trinh t hop ly phai co bin phap phong
van khun roi, hoc kt cu cng trinh bi sp bt ngo. Noi thao van khun phai co rao
ngn va bin bao.
- Truoc khi thao van khun phai thu gon ht cac vt liu thua va cac thit bi t trn
cac b phn cng trinh sp thao van khun.
- Khi thao van khun phai thuong xuyn quan sat tinh trang cac b phn kt cu, nu
co hin tuong bin dang phai ngung thao va bao cao cho can b k thut thi cng bit.
- Sau khi thao van khun phai che chn cac l hng ca cng trinh khng uoc
van khun thao ln san cng tac hoc nem van khun tu trn xung, van khun sau
khi thao phai uoc vao noi qui inh.
- Thao d van khun i voi nhung khoang b tng ct thep co khu lon phai
thc hin y yu cu nu trong thit k v chng tam thoi
;1 }@ Dqr@ TVq PQ@C DEq@C AB@C DÀ TrK K`Y
- Chi cho phep cng nhn lam cac cng vic trn mai sau khi can b k thut
kim tra tinh trang kt cu chiu lc ca mai va cac phuong tin bao am an toan khac.
- Chi cho phep vt liu trn mai o nhung vi tri thit k qui inh.
- Khi cac vt liu, dung cu trn mai phai co bin phap chng ln, truot theo mai dc.
- Khi xy tuong chn mai, lam mang nuoc cn phai co dan giao va luoi bao him.
213
- Trong pham vi ang co nguoi lam vic trn mai phai co rao ngn va bin cm bn
duoi tranh dung cu va vt liu roi vao nguoi qua lai. Hang rao ngn phai t rng ra
mep ngoai ca mai theo hinh chiu bng voi khoang ~ 3m.
<1 }@ Dqr@ TVq PQ@C DEq@C AB@C DÀ [\J hr AB@C DÀ Gqr@ DGYc@
5.1. Xy tuong:
- Kim tra tinh trang ca gian giao gia phuc vu cho cng tac xy, kim tra lai
vic sp xp b tri vt liu va vi tri cng nhn ung lam vic trn san cng tac.
- Khi xy n cao cach nn hoc san nha 1,5 m thi phai bc gian giao, gia .
- Chuyn vt liu (gach, vua) ln san cng tac o cao trn 2m phai dung cac thit
bi vn chuyn. Ban nng gach phai co thanh chc chn, am bao khng roi khi nng,
cm chuyn gach bng cach tung gach ln cao qua 2m.
- Khi lam san cng tac bn trong nha xy thi bn ngoai phai t rao ngn hoc
bin cm cach chn tuong 1,5m nu cao xy 7,0m hoc cach 2,0m nu cao xy ~
7,0m. Phai che chn nhung l tuong o tng 2 tro ln nu nguoi co th lot qua uoc.
- Khng uoc phep :
ung o bo tuong xy
i lai trn bo tuong
ung trn mai ht xy
Ta thang vao tuong moi xy ln xung
dung cu hoc vt liu ln bo tuong ang xy
- Khi xy nu gp mua gio (cp 6 tro ln) phai che y chng khi xy cn thn
khoi bi xoi lo hoc sp , ng thoi moi nguoi phai n noi n np an toan.Khi xy
xong tuong bin v mua mua bo phai che chn ngay.
5.2. Cng tac hoan thin
- Su dung dan giao, san cng tac lam cng tac hoan thin phai theo s huong dn ca
can b k thut. Khng uoc phep dung thang lam cng tac hoan thin o trn cao.
- Can b thi cng phai am bao vic ngt in hoan thin khi chun bi trat, son,...
ln trn b mt ca h thng in.
=. %rt
- Trat trong, ngoai cng trinh cn su dung gian giao theo quy inh ca quy pham,
am bao n inh, vung chc.
- Cm dung cht c hai lam vua trat mau.
- ua vua ln san tng trn cao hon 5m phai dung thit bi vn chuyn ln cao hop lu.
214
- Thung, x cung nhu cac thit bi chua ng vua phai o nhung vi tri chc chn
tranh roi, truot. Khi xong vic phai co rua sach s va thu gon vao 1 ch.
I. cng tc s0n t".n IB cng trhnh
- Gian giao phuc vu phai am bao yu cu ca quy pham chi uoc dung thang ta
son trn 1 din tich nho o cao cach mt nn nha (san) 5m
- Khi son trong nha hoc dung cac loai son co chua cht c hai phai trang bi cho
cng nhn mt na phong c, truoc khi bt u lam vic khoang 1h phai mo tt ca cac
cua va cac thit bi thng gio ca phong o.
- Cm nguoi vao trong bung quet son, co pha cht c hai chua kh va chua
uoc thng gio tt.
X1 !Yc@ OGÒ V@ Dqr@ bGY DYgO [A hwY K`J KvA
- Truoc khi bt u lam vic phai thuong xuyn kim tra dy cap va dy cu em
dung. Khng uoc cu qua suc nng ca cn truc, khi cu nhung vt liu va trang thit bi
co tai trong gn gioi han suc nng cn truc cn phai qua hai ng tac: u tin treo cao
20-30 cm kim tra moc treo o vi tri o va s n inh ca cn truc sau o moi nng ln vi
tri cn thit.Tt nht tt ca cac thit bi phai uoc thi nghim, kim tra truoc khi su dung
chung va phai ong nhn hiu co chi dn cac suc cu cho phep.
- Nguoi lai cn truc phai qua ao tao, co chuyn mn.
- Nguoi lai cn truc khi cu hang bt buc phai bao truoc cho cng nhn ang lam
vic o duoi bng tin hiu m thanh. Tt ca cac tin hiu cho tho lai cn truc u phai do t
truong phat ra. Khi cu cac cu kin co kich thuoc lon i truong phai trc tip chi ao
cng vic, cac tin hiu uoc truyn i cho nguoi lai cu phai bng in thoai, bng v
tuyn hoc bng cac du hiu qui uoc bng tay, bng co. Khng cho phep truyn tin hiu
bng loi noi.
- Cac cng vic san xut khac chi uoc cho phep lam vic o nhung khu vc khng nm
trong vung nguy him ca cn truc. Nhung vung lam vic ca cn truc phai co rao ngn t
nhung bin chi dn nhung noi nguy him cho nguoi va xe c i lai. Nhung t i cng nhn
lp rap khng uoc ung duoi vt cu va tay cn ca cn truc.
- i voi tho han phai co trinh chuyn mn cao, truoc khi bt u cng tac han
phai kim tra hiu trinh cac thit bi han in, thit bi tip ia va kt cu cung nhu bn
chc cach in. Kim tra dy ni tu may n bang phn phi in va toi vi tri han.Tho
han trong thoi gian lam vic phai mang mt na co kinh mu bao him. phong tia
215
han bn vao trong qua trinh lam vic cn phai mang gng tay bao him, lam vic o nhung
noi m uot phai i ng cao su.
_1 }@ Dqr@ DEq@C DGYgD bg D AGiA DGY AB@C
- Cn phai thit k cac giai phap an toan trong thit k t chuc thi cng ngn
chn cac truong hop tai nan co th xay ra va ua cac bin phap thi cng ti uu , t vn
am bao an toan lao ng ln hang u
- Phuong phap tinh toan co lin quan .
- Xac inh bn, n inh ca kt cu.
- Tac ng ca mi truong luu ng.
- am bao an toan trong qua trinh thi cng, tin thi cng vach ra
- am bao trinh t va thoi gian thi cng, am bao s nhip nhan giua cac t i tranh
chng cheo gy tro ngai ln nhau gy mt an toan trong lao ng.
- Cn phai co rao chn va cac vung nguy him, bin th, kho vt liu d chay, d n,
khu vc xung quanh dan giao, gn cn truc.
- Thit k cac bin phap chng n o nhung noi co muc n lon mhu suon gia
cng g.
- Trn mt bng chi r huong gio, cac uong qua lai ca xe vn chuyn vt liu, cac
bin phap thoat nguoi khi co s c xay ra, cac ngun nuoc chua chay
- Nhung noi nha kho phai b tri o nhung noi bng phng, thoat nuoc tt am bao
n inh kho cac vt liu xp chng , ng, phai xp sp ung quy cach tranh x bt
ngo gy tai nan.
- Lam cac h thng chng set cho dan giao kim loai va cac cng trinh cao, cac cng
trinh ung c lp.
- phong , tip xuc va cham cac b phn mang in, bao am cach in tt, phai
bao che va ngn cach cac b phn mang in.
- Han ch giam cac cng vic trn cao, ung dung cac thit bi treo buc co khoa ban t
ng thao d kt cu ra khoi moc cu nhanh chong cng nhn co th ung o duoi t
II1 V 2INH M(I TR-NG
- Trong mt bng thi cng b tri h thng thu nuoc thai va loc nuoc truoc khi thoat
nuoc vao h thng thoat nuoc thanh ph, khng cho chay tran ra bn xung quanh.
- Bao che cng truong bng h thng giao ung kt hop voi h thng luoi ngn cach
cng trinh voi khu vc ln cn, nhm am bao v sinh cng nghip trong sut thoi gian
thi cng.
216
- t va ph thai vn chuyn bng xe chuyn dung co che y cn thn, am bao
quy inh ca thanh ph v v sinh mi truong.
- Han ch ting n nhu su dung cac loai may moc giam chn, giam rung. B tri vn
chuyn vt liu ngoai gio hanh chinh.
- Trn y la nhung yu cu ca quy pham an toan trong xy dng. Khi thi cng cac
cng trinh cn tun th nghim ngt nhung quy inh trn.
TrY TYcI DGVK bGdq OG@ DGY AB@C
1. TS. inh uc, PGS. L Kiu Fx thunt thi cng 1\2. Nha xut ban Xy dng.
2. Pham Hung, Trn Nhu inh Vn !hun 1. wi.n gi". Nha xut ban xy dng.
3. Nguyn inh Hin %N chc thi cng . Kh. 5ut In 5y ,Ong
4.TCXDVN 286- 2003 ng 1. `p c+c thi cng 1. nghim thu
5. TCXDVN 4453 1995 %hi cng 1. nghim thu
6. S tay chon may xy dng ca thy Nguyn Tin Thu Truong H kin truc Ha Ni
TrY TYcI DGVK bGdq TrK P `@
1. Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCVN 2737-1995 Tai trong va tac ng Tiu
chun thit k.
2. Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXDVN 356 : 2005 Kt cu b tng va b tng
ct thep Tiu chun thit k.
3. Pham Si Lin, Ng Th Phong, Nguyn Phn Tn - Ft cu I tng cPt th`p /ph)n
cu !in c0 In2. Nha xut ban ai hoc va Trung hoc chuyn nghip. Ha Ni, 1969.
4. Nguyn inh Cng, Ng Th Phong, Huynh Chanh Thin - Ft cu Itng cPt th`p
/ph)n !t cu nh. ci=2. Nha xut ban ai hoc va Trung hoc chuyn nghip. Ha Ni
5. GS.TS. Nguyn Vn Quang, KS. Nguyn Huu Khang, KS. ng inh Cht Kn
1. ang cc cng trhnh ,n ,-ng 7 cng nghip. Nha xut ban Xy dng.
6. GS.TS. Nguyn Vn Quang, KS. Nguyn Huu Khang Dung ,n _ n Kn 1.
ang. Nha xut ban Xy dng.
7. TS. inh uc, PGS. L Kiu Fx thunt thi cng 1\2. Nha xut ban Xy dng.
8. Nguyn inh Hin %N chc thi cng . Kh. 5ut In 5y ,Ong
9.TCXDVN 286- 2003 ng 1. `p c+c thi cng 1. nghim thu
10. TCXDVN 4453 1995 %hi cng 1. nghim thu
11. S tay chon may xy dng ca thy Nguyn Tin Thu Truong H kin truc Ha Ni
217
218
MC LC
PHN I: KIN TRC (10%)o
I. GII THIE VE CNG TNH---------------------------------------------------------------3
1. Tn cng trinh ................................................................................................ 3
4. Quy m, cng sut, cp cng trinh ............................................................3
5. Bc chiu lua ca cng trinh.............................................................................3
6. ia im xy dng.......................................................................................... 3
7. Cac iu kin anh huong n vic cung ung vt tu.........................................3
II. GII PHP THIT K KIN TUC CNG TNH -------------------------------------4
1. Giai phap v b tri mt bng cng trinh .........................................................4
2. Giai phap v cu tao va mt ct......................................................................4
3. Giai phap v mt ung cng trinh ..................................................................5
III. GII PHP VE KY THAT------------------------------------------------------------------6
1. Giai phap thng gio chiu sang.......................................................................6
1.1 V giai phap thng gio.........................................................................6
1.2. V giai phap chiu sang............................................................................6
2. Giai phap b tri giao thng cng trinh.............................................................6
3. Giai phap cung cp in nuoc, thng tin lin lac............................................7
3.1 Cung cp in............................................................................................. 7
3.2 Cp thoat nuoc........................................................................................... 7
3.3 Thng tin lin lac.......................................................................................8
4. Giai phap phong chay va chua chay, thoat nguoi khi co s c........................8
IV. GII PHP KT C CUA KIN TUC-------------------------------------------------8
1. La chon so b h thng luoi ct va khung chiu lc chinh .............................8
2 So kt cu tng th, vt liu su dung va giai phap mong d kin................9
CH-NG I: PH-NG N KT C{UL PH6N TCH TI TR:NG11
I. PHNG N KT C CUA CNG TNH.--------------------------------------------11
1. La chon so b h thng luoi ct va khung chiu lc chinh...........................11
2. So kt cu tng th, vt liu su dung va giai phap mong d kin.............11
3. H kt cu chiu lc.......................................................................................11
II. TI TNG TC DUNG LN CNG TNH.-------------------------------------------12
1. Tinh tai.......................................................................................................... 12
1.1. Xac inh cac loai tai trong tac dung ln cac san (tai trong on vi):......12
1.2. Tinh tai tuong.......................................................................................... 13
1.8. Tai trong mai tum....................................................................................15
1. Chiu day san ................................................................................................ 16
2. Chon kich thuoc dm..................................................................................... 17
2.1. Kich thuoc dm chinh theo phuong ngang.............................................17
2.2. Kich thuoc dm chinh theo phuong doc..................................................17
2.3. Kich thuoc dm phu theo phuong ngang ...............................................17
219
2.4. Kich thuoc dm phu theo phuong doc....................................................18
2.5. Kich thuoc dm ban cng, lgia.............................................................18
3. Chon kich tit din ct..................................................................................18
II. CHN VAT LIE CHO KT C V LAP S O TNH CHO KT C CHI
LUC. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
1. Chon vt liu.................................................................................................. 20
2. Lp so tinh................................................................................................ 20
III. TNH TON DON TI VO KHNG TUC 2-----------------------------------------21
1. H s quy i tai trong: .................................................................................21
2 Tinh tai:.......................................................................................................... 21
2.1.Tinh tai do cac tng 2-10 truyn vao khung truc 2:..................................21
2.2.Tinh tai do san mai truyn vao khung truc 2:.....................................25
3. Hoat tai:
3.1. Hoat tai tng 2-10:
Hoat tai o giua nhip:....................................................................................... 28
3.1. Hoat tai tng mai:.................................................................................... 31
3.3. Hoat tai gio:( tinh toan o trn).............................................................34
3.4. So cht cac TH tai trong ln khung....................................................34
CH-NG =: THIT K 27N TNG IN HNH;0
I. C SO TNH TON:----------------------------------------------------------------------------40
II. SO LIE TNH TON-------------------------------------------------------------------------40
III. TNH TON CC SN--------------------------------------------------------------------40
1.Tinh toan san lam vic theo 1 phuong: 3,25x7 m........................................40
1.1. So tinh: ............................................................................................ 40
1.2. Xac inh ni lc:..................................................................................... 40
1.3 Tinh toan ct thep:...................................................................................40
2. Tinh toan san lam vic theo 2 phuong( ban k 4 canh) (6,5 3,85 m).......41
2.1 .So tinh : ............................................................................................. 41
2.2 .Xac inh ni lc :....................................................................................42
2.3. Tinh toan ct thep : ................................................................................42
3.Tinh Toan san v sinh S15 (2,45x2,45m):...................................................43
3.1. S liu tinh toan.....................................................................................43
3.2. Tinh ct thep........................................................................................... 44
;<
CH-NG IV: TNH T%N CU TH}NG;X
<_
CH-NG V: TNH T%N KHUNG TRC o<_
I. XC INH NOI LUC.--------------------------------------------------------------------------57
1. Co so xac inh ni lc ca kt cu:...............................................................57
1.1. So tinh: ........................................................................................... 57
1.2. Tai trong: ............................................................................................. 57
1.3. Phn mm tinh toan:................................................................................ 57
2. Kt qua ni lc:.............................................................................................57
220
II. TO HOP NOI LUC------------------------------------------------------------------------------59
1 .Nguyn tc chung.......................................................................................... 59
2. Nguyn tc t hop Dm va Ct......................................................................59
2.1. i voi dm : ......................................................................................... 59
2.2. i voi ct: ............................................................................................59
III. TNH TON THEP COT---------------------------------------------------------------------60
1. Tinh toan cho ct tng 1,2,3,4 truc B:..........................................................60
1.1. Ct tit din: bxh 50x70 cm, l 3,75 m Ct 11..................................60
1.2. Co tit din: bxh 40x60 cm, l 3,75 m ct 1.......................................63
2. Kt qua tinh toan tuong t cho cac tng khac................................................66
66
66
IV. TNH TON THEP DM.-------------------------------------------------------------------66
1..Tinh toan phn tu dm D51-D60:..................................................................66
1.1. Tai gi trai va gi phai dm:...................................................................68
1.2. Tai bung dm: ........................................................................................ 69
1.3. Tinh toan ct ai cho dm ......................................................................69
2. Tinh toan kim tra phn tu dm D41-D44 ....................................................71
2.1. Tai gi trai dm D41:..............................................................................71
2.2. Tai gi phai dm D41:.............................................................................72
2.3. Tai bung dm: ........................................................................................ 72
2.4. Tinh toan ct ai cho dm ......................................................................73
3.Tinh toan kim tra phn tu dm D45-D47 .....................................................74
3.1. Tai gi trai dm D45:..............................................................................75
3.2. Tai gi phai dm D45:.............................................................................75
3.3. Tai bung dm: ........................................................................................ 75
4. Bang tng hop kt qua tinh toan cho cac dm................................................76
CH-NG VI: THIT K MNG__
I. KHO ST IA CHT------------------------------------------------------------------------77
1 c im cng trinh........................................................................................ 77
2 .ia cht.......................................................................................................... 77
3. Tinh toan tai trong tac dung ln mong...........................................................79
II. PHNG PHP THI CNG V VAT LIE MONG------------------------------------81
1. ai coc :........................................................................................................ 81
2. Coc uc sn :................................................................................................. 81
3. Tinh chiu su Hm.........................................................................................81
III. CHN CC AC TNG V TNH SCT CUA MONG CC-----------------------81
1. Kich thuoc coc............................................................................................... 81
2 .Suc chiu tai ca coc ......................................................................................82
2.1. Suc chiu tai ca coc theo vt liu:...........................................................82
2.2. Suc chiu tai ca coc theo nn t:...........................................................82
IV. THIT K MONG M1------------------------------------------------------------------------88
1. Chon s luong coc va b tri:.........................................................................88
221
2. Tai trong tac dung ln coc..............................................................................89
3. Tinh toan kim tra coc..................................................................................89
3.1. Trong giai oan su dung. ........................................................................89
3.2. Trong giai oan thi cng........................................................................89
4.. Kim tra tng th ai coc..............................................................................91
4.1 Kin tra ap lc duoi ay mong khi...................................................91
4.2. Kim tra lun............................................................................................ 93
5. Tinh toan kim tra ai coc.............................................................................94
5.1. Kim tra ai coc trn tit din nghing. ..................................................94
5.2. Tinh toan ct thep.................................................................................... 94
V. THIT K MONG M2------------------------------------------------------------------------96
1. Chon s luong coc va b tri:.........................................................................96
2. Tai trong tac dung ln coc..............................................................................97
3. Tinh toan kim tra coc...................................................................................98
3.1. Trong giai oan su dung. ........................................................................98
3.2. Trong giai oan thi cng. .......................................................................98
4. Kim tra tng th ai coc...............................................................................98
4.1. Kim tra ap lc duoi ay mong khi.................................................98
4.2. Kim tra lun........................................................................................100
5. Tinh toan kim tra ai coc............................................................................100
5.1. Kim tra ai coc trn tit din nghing. ................................................100
5.2. Tinh toan ct thep.................................................................................. 100
PHN III: THI C(NG (;<%)10=
CH-NG 1 GI.I THIU C(NG TRNH10=
I. VI T XY DUNG CNG TNH.-------------------------------------------------------103
II.PHNG PHP KIN TUC, KT C, MONG CNG TNH.------------------104
1. Phuong an kin truc cng trinh....................................................................104
2. Phuong an kt cu cng trinh.......................................................................104
3. Phuong an mong. ........................................................................................105
III. IE KIEN IA CHT CNG TNH, IA CHT THUY VN.----------------105
1. iu kin ia cht cng trinh.......................................................................105
2. iu kin ia cht thuy vn..........................................................................105
IV. CNG TC CHAN BI TC KHI THI CNG.-----------------------------------105
1. San don va b tri tng mt bng thi cng.....................................................105
2. Chun bi may moc va nhn lc phuc vu thi cng........................................106
3. inh vi cng trinh........................................................................................ 107
3.1. t vn .............................................................................................107
3.2. Giac mong cng trinh............................................................................107
CH-NG o: THIT K !IN PHP Kt THUuT V7 T+ CH'C THI C(NG
10
A.THIT K BIEN PHP KY THAT THI CNG....................................................108
I. THI CNG PHN NGM.-------------------------------------------------------------------108
1. Bin phap thi cng coc................................................................................. 108
222
1.1. La chon bin phap thi cng.................................................................108
1.3. Phuong phap ep coc va chon may ep coc :............................................111
a. Phuong phap ep coc : ...........................................................................111
b. La chon may ep coc............................................................................112
d. Tinh toan i trong: .............................................................................114
g. Tinh toan va kim tra cac thng s lam vic ca may cu khi cu i
trong :....................................................................................................... 117
h. Tinh toan va kim tra cac thng s lam vic ca may cu khi cu coc: 120
1.4.Chon dy cu :........................................................................................ 121
1.5.K thut thi cng :..................................................................................122
a. Cng tac chun bi :..............................................................................122
d. Khoa u coc :.....................................................................................124
e. Cng tac ghi chep trong ep coc :...........................................................124
g. Xu ly s c khi ep coc :.......................................................................125
h. An toan lao ng trong cng tac ep coc:..............................................125
k. Tinh toan vn chuyn coc tu bi uc coc n mt bng thi cng :........126
2.1. Thi cng ao t....................................................................................126
a. Yu cu k thut khi thi cng ao t...................................................126
c. La chon phuong an thi cng ao t..................................................129
d. La chon thit bi thi cng ao t........................................................129
e. K thut thi cng ao t.....................................................................130
2.2. Thi cng lp t.....................................................................................131
a. Yu cu k thut khi thi cng lp t....................................................131
b. La chon phuong an thi cng lp t....................................................131
c. Tinh toan khi luong t lp.................................................................132
d. La chon phuong an thi cng lp t...................................................134
e. Chon xe vn chuyn..............................................................................135
g. K thut thi cng lp t.......................................................................135
2.3. Cac s c khi thi cng lp t...............................................................136
3.1. Cng tac chun bi truoc khi thi cng ai mong.....................................136
a. Giac mong............................................................................................136
b. p b tng u coc.............................................................................136
c. Thi cng b tng lot mong....................................................................137
3.2. La chon bin phap thi cng b tng mong,ging mong.......................138
a. Tinh toan khi luong b tng mong,ging mong..................................138
3.3. Tinh toan cp pha mong,ging mong....................................................138
a. La chon phuong an cp pha mong,ging mong..................................139
b. Tinh toan cp pha mong,ging mong...................................................139
3.4. Cng tac ct thep,cp pha mong,ging mong........................................148
a. Cng tac ct thep mong,ging mong.....................................................148
b. Cng tac cp pha mong,ging mong.....................................................151
3.5. Cng tac b tng mong,ging mong.....................................................152
a. Bin phap k thut thi cng b tng mong, ging mong.......................152
223
b. Chon may thi cng b tng mong va ging...........................................154
c. Vn chuyn vua b tng.......................................................................155
3.6 Bao dung b tng ai va ging mong...................................................157
3.7. Thao d van khun mong:.....................................................................157
II. THI CNG PHN THN----------------------------------------------------------------159
1. Giai phap cng ngh....................................................................................159
1.1.Cp pha, cy chng................................................................................159
a. Yu cu chung......................................................................................159
b. La chon loai cp pha ,cy chng........................................................159
c. Phuong an su dung cp pha .................................................................163
d. Yu cu chung khi lp dng cp pha cy chng...................................164
e. Khi luong cp pha cho 1 tng.............................................................164
1.2. Phuong tin vn chuyn vt liu ln cao...............................................165
a. Phuong tin vn chuyn cac loai vt liu roi, cp pha, thep.................165
b. Phuong tin vn chuyn b tng...........................................................167
2. Tinh toan cppha, cy chng ......................................................................170
2.1. Tinh toan cppha,cy chng xin cho ct.............................................170
a. Tinh toan cp pha ct............................................................................170
b. Kim tra kha nng chiu lc ca cy chng xin...................................171
2.2. Tinh toan cppha, cy chng dm....................................................172
a. Tinh toan cp pha ay dm...................................................................172
b. Tinh toan cp pha thanh dm................................................................174
c. Tinh toan a ngang dm...................................................................176
d. Tinh toan a doc dm......................................................................177
e. Kim tra kha nng chiu lc cho cy chng dm..............................179
2.3. Tinh toan cppha, cy chng san.....................................................179
a. Cp pha san.......................................................................................... 179
b. Tinh toan a ngang san....................................................................181
c. Tinh toan a doc san........................................................................182
d. Kim tra kha nng chiu lc cho cy chng san................................183
3. Cng tac ct thep, cp pha, ct , dm , san..................................................184
3.1.Cng tac ct thep ct, dm, san..............................................................184
a. Cng tac ct thep ct:...........................................................................184
b. Cng tac ct thep dm san....................................................................184
3.2. Cng tac cp pha ct, dm san..............................................................185
a. Cng tac cp pha ct.............................................................................185
b. Cng tac cp pha dm, san...................................................................186
4. Cng tac b tng ct, dm, san....................................................................187
4.1. Cng tac b tng ct..............................................................................187
4.2.Cng tac b tng dm san.......................................................................188
4.3. Mach ngung thi cng.............................................................................190
5. Cng tac bao dung b tng........................................................................191
5.1. Yu cu chung khi bao dung b tng..................................................191
224
5.2 Cng tac bao dung b tng ct:............................................................192
5.3 Cng tac bao dung b tng dm san:....................................................192
6. Thao d cp pha..........................................................................................193
6.1. Yu cu chung ca cng tac thao d van khun....................................193
6.2. Thao d van khun ct:.........................................................................193
6.3. Thao d van khun dm, san.................................................................194
7. Sua chua khuyt tt trong b tng...............................................................194
7.1. Hin tuong r b tng...........................................................................194
7.2. Hin tuong trng mt b tng................................................................195
7.3. Hin tuong nut chn chim.....................................................................195
B. THIT K TO CHUC THI CNG..........................................................................195
I. MUC CH V Y NGHA CUA VIEC THIT K TO CHUC THI CNG---------195
1. Muc ich...................................................................................................... 195
2. Y nghia ....................................................................................................... 196
II. Y C, NOI DNG V NHNG NGYN TAC CHNH TONG THIT K
TO CHUC THI CNG---------------------------------------------------------------------------196
1. Yu cu........................................................................................................ 196
2. Ni dung: .................................................................................................... 196
3. Nhung nguyn tc chinh:.............................................................................197
III. LAP TIN O THI CNG CNG TNH----------------------------------------------197
1. Y nghia ca tin thi cng........................................................................197
2. Yu cu va ni dung ca tin thi cng....................................................198
2.1. Yu cu................................................................................................. 198
2.2. Ni dung................................................................................................ 198
3. Lp tin thi cng trinh.............................................................................198
3.1. Co so lp tin .............................................................................198
3.2. Tinh toan khi luong va nhn cng cac cng tac..................................198
3.3. V tin ( xem ban v).......................................................................199
3.4. anh gia biu nhn lc.....................................................................199
a) H s khng iu hoa v su dung nhn cng : (K1).............................199
b) H s phn b lao ng khng u : (K2)............................................199
IV. LAP TONG MAT BANG THI CNG:---------------------------------------------------199
1. Co so tinh toan:............................................................................................ 199
2. Muc ich:..................................................................................................... 199
3. Tinh toan lp tng mt bng thi cng:..........................................................200
3.1. S luong cac b cng nhn vin trn cng truong va nhu cu din tich su
dung: ........................................................................................................... 200
a) S cng nhn xy dng co ban trc tip thi cng :...............................200
b)S cng nhn lam vic o cac xuong phu tro :........................................200
c) S can b cng, nhn vin k thut :....................................................200
d) S can b nhn vin hanh chinh : ........................................................200
3.2. Tinh din tich kho bi............................................................................201
a) Kho chua xi mng................................................................................201
225
b) Kho chua thep va gia cng thep...........................................................202
c) Kho chua Van khun:...........................................................................202
d) Bi chua cat vang:................................................................................203
e) Bi chua a (12)cm............................................................................203
I) Bi chua gach ....................................................................................... 203
3.3.H thng in thi cng va sinh hoat.......................................................203
a) Chon may bin ap:................................................................................ 205
CH-NG III: }N T%7N L}% NG V7 V 2INH M(I TR-NGo0
I. AN TON LAO ONG-----------------------------------------------------------------------209
1. An toan lao ng trong thi cng coc............................................................209
2. An toan lao ng trong thi cng ao t......................................................209
2.1. S c thuong gp khi ao t...............................................................210
2.2. ao t bng may.................................................................................. 210
2.3. ao t bng th cng...........................................................................211
3. An toan lao ng trong cng tac b tng va b tng ct thep.......................211
3.1. Lp dng, thao d dan giao...................................................................211
3.2. Cng tac gia cng, lp dng van khun ...............................................211
3.3. Cng tac gia cng, lp dng ct thep ...................................................212
3.4. va m b tng................................................................................212
3.5. Bao dung b tng................................................................................213
3.6. Thao d van khun ............................................................................... 213
4. An toan lao ng trong cng tac lam mai ...................................................213
5. An toan lao ng trong cng tac xy va cng tac hoan thin ......................214
5.1. Xy tuong:............................................................................................ 214
5.2. Cng tac hoan thin ..............................................................................214
a. Trat ...................................................................................................... 214
b. cng tac son toan b cng trinh...........................................................215
6. Bin phap an toan khi tip xuc voi may moc...............................................215
7. An toan trong thit k t chuc thi cng........................................................216
II. VE SINH MI TNG--------------------------------------------------------------------216
226

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LI NI U:

Tra bang chon thep uong kinh 8 co Ia 0,503 cm

Tra bang chon thep uong kinh 8 co Ia 0,503 cm

Tra bang chon thep uong kinh 8 co Fa 0,503 cm

. 1,1.25.0,1 2,75 kNm

. 1,3.18.0,015 0,351 kNm

T@C D@G DdY Dl@G Dq`@ T?@ jd@ DGV@C:

Tinh toan theo ban loai dm.

Tinh toan theo ban loai dm.

Tinh theo ban loai dm.

i voi btng cp bn B20, ct thep chiu lc A

Din tich ct thep cn thit:

Tai trong tinh toan tng cng tac dung ln cn thang:

i voi btng cp bn B20, ct thep chiu lc A

Din tich ct thep cn thit:

tit din ging mong bxh700x300 mm.

: dung trong t nhin ca lop 1

: goc ma sat trong ca lop t 1

: h s anh huong ca phuong phap ha coc, voi coc ong 2

: ma sat on vi phu thuc vao tn t, trang thai...

h s k n anh huong ca phuong phap ha coc 2

Suc chiu tai gioi han la P

Suc chiu tai gioi han la P

Voi coc ong K

Suc chiu tai gioi han la P

Tt ca cac coc u chiu nen.

.F.n trong o n la h s khi ng, n 1,

Chiu cao lam vic ca ct thep h

3,02.2,72.( 6.1,848.1,821.1,82) 225,2 T

phu thuc vao ty s

Tt ca cac coc u chiu nen.

3,95.3,05.( 6.1,848.1,821.1,82) 330.3 T

phu thuc vao ty s

0,8 ( h s y gu t cp I kh( 0,75 0,9))

10 inh vi tim mong .

xH2500x0,7 1,3 2275 1750

0,9 - h s iu kin lam vic ca thep

0,9 - h s iu kin lam vic ca thep

xH2500x0,7 1,3 2275 1750

0,9 - h s iu kin lam vic ca thep

chuyn. Chon : 29 chuyn.

0,9 - h s iu kin lam vic ca thep

Voi thep ta co: E 2,1.10

Voi thep ta co: E 2,1.10

Voi thep ta co: E 2,1.10

Vy a ngang san am bao iu kin vng.

Tng cng dy chuyn t tho b tng dam san: 3x53 18 (nguoi)

(nguoi) chon 56 nguoi

: H s cng sut thit k ca thit bi(ly 0,75)

Cng sut biu kin tinh toan:

Nhu vy dy chon A-35 la at yu cu

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