Nguyn Tng V |

1

TON THI VO LP 10 TRNG PH THNG NNG KHIU
NM HC 2014 2105
TON CHUYN. THI GIAN 150 PHT
Cu I. Cho phng trnh
( ) ( )
2 2
5 2 6 0 1 m x mx m + = vi m l tham s.
a) Tm m sao cho phng trnh (1) c hai nghim phn bit. Chng minh rng khi
tng ca hai nghim khng th l s nguyn.
b) Tm m sao cho phng trnh (1) c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn iu kin
( )
4
1 2 1 2
16 x x x x + =
Cu II.
1) Gii h phng trnh
( )
( )
2
2
2 1 9
2 1 9
x y y x
y x x y

+ =

+ =

2) Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A vi cc ng phn gic trong BM v CN. Chng
minh bt ng thc
( ) ( )
3 2 2
.
MC MA NB NA
MA NA
+ +
> +
Cu III. Cho cc s nguyn dng a, b, c tha:
1 1 1
a b c
+ =
a) Chng minh rng a +b khng th l s nguyn t.
b) Chng minh rng nu c >1 th a +c v b +c khng th ng thi l s nguyn t.
Cu IV. Cho im C thay i trn na ng trn ng knh AB =2R (C = A, C = B).
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca C ln AB; I v J ln lt l tm ng trn ni tip cc
tam gic ACH v BCH. Cc ng thng CI, CJ ct AB ti M, N.
a) Chng minh AN =AC, BM =BC.
b) Chng minh 4 im M, N, I, J cng nm trn mt ng trn v cc ng thng
MJ, NI v CH ng quy.
c) Tm gi tr ln nht ca MN v gi tr ln nht ca din tch tam gic CMN theo R.
Cu V. Cho 5 s t nhin phn bit sao cho tng ca ba s bt k trong chng ln hn tng
ca hai s cn li.
a) Chng minh rng tt c 5 s cho u khng nh hn 5.
b) Tm tt c cc b gm 5 s tha mn bi m tng ca chng nh hn 40.
Nguyn Tng V |

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Hng dn gii.
Cu I.
a) Phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit khi v ch khi
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2
5 0
6 5 0
6 30 0
1 119
5 0
2 4
0
m
m m m
m m m
m m m
m
+ =

' A = + + >

+ + >
(
| |
+ + + >
(
|
\ .
(

>

Khi ta c
1 2 2
2
5
m
x x
m
+ =
+

V ( )
2
2 2
2
2
5 2 1 4 0 5 2 0 0 1
5
m
m m m m m
m
+ = + > + > > < <
+
nn tng hai nghim
ca phng trnh khng th l s nguyn.
b) iu kin phng trnh c hai nghim 0 0 m ' A > > . Khi
1 2 2
1 2 2
2
5
6
5
m
x x
m
m
x x
m

+ =

+

Ta c
( )
4
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
2
16
2
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x

+ =
+ =
+ =

Trng hp 1:
1 2 1 2 2 2
6 2
2 2
5 5
m m
x x x x
m m

+ = =
+ +
. t
2
2
5
m
t
m
=
+
ta c phng
trnh: ( )
2
3 2 0 t t VN =
Trng hp 2:
1 2 1 2 2 2
6 2
2 2
5 5
m m
x x x x
m m

+ = =
+ +
, t
2
2
, 0
5
m
t t
m
= >
+
ta c
phng trnh
2 2
1
3 2 3 2 0
2
3
t
t t t t
t
=

= + =

=

Vi
2
3
t = ta c
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 4
4 18 20 0
5
5 9
2
m n
m
m m
m
m n
=

= + =

+
=

Vy gi tr m cn tm l
5
2,
2
m m = = .
Nguyn Tng V |

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Cu II.
1)
( )
( )
2
2
2 1 9
2 1 9
x y y x
y x x y

+ =

+ =

t , a x y b y x = = . iu kin , 0 a b > .
Ta c h phng trnh
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 1 9 1
2 1 9 2
a b
b a

+ =

+ =

Ly (1) tr (2) ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 1 2 1 9
2 2 13 0
2 2 13
a b b a
a b a b
a b n
a b l
+ + =
+ + =
=

+ =

Vi a =b, th vo (1) ta c ( )
2
2 2
2 1 9
1 1
2 2
a b
a a
a b
= =

+ =

= =

Khi 2 a b = = ta c
3
2
4
2
x y
x y
y x

= =

Khi
1
2
a b = = ta c
3
1
1
2
1 4
2
x y
x y
y x

= =

Vy h phng trnh c hai nghim ( ) ; x y l
( )
3 3
3 3
1 1
4; 4 , ,
4 4
| |
|
|
\ .

2)
p dng tnh cht ng phn gic ta c:
1
1
MC BC MC MA BC
MA AB MA AB
NB BC BN NA BC
NA AC NA AC
+
= = +
+
= = +




Nguyn Tng V |

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suy ra
( )( )
2
1 1 1
. .
MC MA NB NA BC BC BC BC BC
MA NA AB AC AB AC AB AC
+ +
| || |
= + + = + + +
| |
\ .\ .

Ta c
2
2 2 2
2 . 2
.
BC
BC AB AC AB AC
AB AC
= + > >
V 2 . 2 2
BC BC BC BC
AB AC AB AC
+ > >
Do
( ) ( )
3 2 2
.
MC MA NB NA
MA NA
+ +
> +
Cu III.
a) T bi ta c ( ) c a b ab + = , suy ra ab chia ht cho a +b.
Gi s a +b nguyn t. Ta c a <a +b, suy ra (a, a +b) =1. Suy ra b chia ht cho a +b (v
l v 0 <b <a +b).
b) Gi s a + c v b + c u l s nguyn t. Khi
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 c a b ab ca ab bc ca ab ab bc a b c b a c + = = + = + =
V ( ) ( ) 2 b a c a b c + =
D thy b +c nguyn t v b +c >b nn b +c v b l nguyn t cng nhau; tng t a+c
v a nguyn t cng nhau.
M ( ) ( ) , a b a b a b b a c a b a + + , suy ra a =b =2c, suy ra a +c =b +c =3c khng l
s nguyn t v c >1.
Vy khi c >1 th a +c v b +c khng th ng thi l s nguyn t.
Nguyn Tng V |

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Cu IV.

a) Ta c ZHCB =ZCAB (cng ph ZABC) v ZHCA =ZCBA (cng ph ZCAB).
Ta c ZCAN =ZNAC +ZABC =ZHAN +ZACB =ZCAN. Suy ra tam gic CAN cn ti
A, hay AN =AC. Chng minh tng t ta c BM =BC.
b) Tam gic CAN cn ti A c AI l phn gic nn cng l trung trc, suy ra IC =IN,
suy ra ZINC =ZICN =ZICH +ZNCH = ZACH +1/2 ZBCH =45
0
.
Tng t th ZJ MC =45
0
.
T gic MIJ N c ZJ MC =ZINC =45
0
nn l t gic ni tip, hay M, N, I, J cng
thuc mt ng trn.
Tam gic INC cn c ZICN =45
0
nn ZCIN =90
0
, suy ra CI CM.
Chng minh tng t MJ CN.
Tam gic CMN c CH, MJ v NI l cc ng cao nn ng quy.
c) t , . AC b BC a = = ta c
2 2 2 2
4 a b BC R + = = a
,
2
AN AC b BM BC a
AN BN BC MN MN a b BC a b R
= = = =
+ = + = + = +

Ta c
Nguyn Tng V |

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( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
0 2 2 8
2 2 2 2 2 1
a b ab a b a b a b R
a b R a b R R
> s + + s + =
+ s + s

ng thc xy ra 2 a b R = =
Vy gi tr ln nht ca MN bng
( )
2 2 1 R khi C l im chnh gia ng trn.
Khi
( ) ( )
2
1 1
. .2 2 1 2 1
2 2
CMN
S CH MN R R R = s =
ng thc xy ta khi C l im chnh gia ng trn.
Cu V.
a) Gi 5 s l a, b, c, d, e. Do cc s u phn bit nn ta c th gi s a <b <c <d
<e.
Theo gi thit ta c: a +b +c >d +e, suy ra 1 a b c d e + + > + + .
Suy ra 1 a d e b c > + + .
M b, c, d, e l t nhin nn t:
1, 1 2 2
2 2
d c b d c c b d b d b
e d c e c e c
> > > + > + > + >
> > > + >

Do ( ) ( ) 1 5 a d b e c > + + > , suy ra , , , 5 b c d e > .
Vy tt c cc s u khng nh hn 5.
b) Nu 6 7, 8, 9, 10 40 a b c d e a b c d e > > > > > + + + + > (v l), suy ra a <6. Theo
cu a ta c 5 a = . Ta c 5 1 4 b c d e b c d e + + > + + + > + . M
2 , 2 4 4 d b e d e b c > > + > + . Do
2, 2
5 2 2 4 40
31 31
2 1 7
2 2
b d c e
a b c d e b c
b c b b
= =
+ + + + = + + + <
+ < + < s

T ta c b = 6 hoc b =7.
Nu b =6, ta c d =8, suy ra c =7 v e =9. Ta c b (5;6;7;8;9).
Nu b =7, ta c d =9, suy ra c =8 v e =10. Ta c b (5;7;8;9;10).

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