Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

MC LC:
BI 1 : O CNG CA TRI CY( CHUI) BNG PHNG PHP M XUYN. ................................4
I.

Mc ch th nghim: ...................................................................................................................4

II.

C s ca phng php: ..............................................................................................................5

1.

Mi lin h vi phng php khc: .........................................................................................5

2.

u nhc im ca phng php:..........................................................................................5

III.

Cch thc tin hnh: ................................................................................................................6

1.

Chun b mu: ..........................................................................................................................6

2.

Cch thc vn hnh:.................................................................................................................6

3.

Dng c o: ..............................................................................................................................6

IV.

X l s liu: ..............................................................................................................................7

1.

S liu th.................................................................................................................................7

2.

X l s liu: .............................................................................................................................9

V.

Kt qu v tho lun: ...................................................................................................................9

1.

Kt qu th nghim: ..................................................................................................................9

2.

Nhn xt v kt qu th nghim: ........................................................................................... 10

BI 2: PHNG PHP CT .................................................................................................................... 12

I.

Mc ch th nghim: ................................................................................................................ 12
1.

Mc ch ca phng php : ................................................................................................ 12

2.

Chn mu th nghim: ........................................................................................................... 12

II.

C s l thuyt v phng php o:......................................................................................... 14

1.

Phng php ct: .................................................................................................................. 14

2.

C s ca php o cu trc ca thc phm: ........................................................................ 14

3.

Mi lin h vi cc phng php khc: ................................................................................ 14

4.

u nhc im ca phng php:....................................................................................... 15

III.

Cch tin hnh:...................................................................................................................... 15

1.

Chun b mu: ....................................................................................................................... 15

2.

Cch thc vn hnh:.............................................................................................................. 15

IV.

Kt qu, x l s liu v tho lun ........................................................................................ 17

1.

Kt qu: ................................................................................................................................. 17

2.

X l s liu ........................................................................................................................... 20

3.

Nhn xt v kt qu th nghim: ........................................................................................... 21

BI 3: PHNG PHP NN ................................................................................................................... 23

I.

Mc ch th nghim: ................................................................................................................ 23
1.

Mc ch: ............................................................................................................................... 23
1

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

2.
II.

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Mu th nghim: .................................................................................................................... 23
C s l thuyt ca phng php nn: ..................................................................................... 24

1.

Gii thiu v phng php nn: ........................................................................................... 24

2.

C s ca phng php: ....................................................................................................... 25

3.

Mi lin h ca phng php nn c hc vi cc phng php khc: ................................ 25

4.

u im v nhc im ca phng php nn : ................................................................. 26

III.

Cch tin hnh:.......................................................................................................................... 26

1.

Chun b mu: ....................................................................................................................... 26

2.

Cch thc vn hnh:.............................................................................................................. 26

IV.

Kt qu v tho lun: ............................................................................................................ 27

1.

Kt qu th nghim: ............................................................................................................... 27

2.

Bng tng hp: ...................................................................................................................... 30

3.

Nhn xt kt qu th nghim: ................................................................................................ 31

V.

PH LC CHO BI 3 ................................................................................................................... 32
1.

S liu: ................................................................................................................................... 32

2.

Hnh nh: Cc loi u d vi cc ng knh khc nhau ty thuc vo kch thc mu. .. 32

BI 4: PHNG PHP P N .............................................................................................................. 33

I.

Mc ch th nghim: ................................................................................................................ 33

II.

C s l thuyt v phng php o:......................................................................................... 33

1.

Gii thiu phng php o:.................................................................................................. 33

2.

C s ca phng php p n: ........................................................................................... 34

3.

u nhc im ca phng php p n: .......................................................................... 34

III.

Cch thc tin hnh: ................................................................................................................. 35

1.

Chun b mu: ........................................................................................................................... 35

2.

Cch thc vn hnh:.............................................................................................................. 36

3.

Dng c o: . ......................................................................................................................... 37

4.

X l s liu: .............................................................................................................................. 37

IV.
1.

Kt qu th nghim: ............................................................................................................... 37

2.

Nhn xt kt qu th nghim: ................................................................................................ 38

3.

X l bng phn mm excel ta c th: ......................................................................... 39

I.

II.

Kt qu v tho lun: ............................................................................................................ 37

Mc ch th nghim: ................................................................................................................ 40
1.

Mc ch tin hnh th nghim: ............................................................................................ 40

2.

L do chn mu th nghim: .................................................................................................. 40

C s l thuyt ca phng php: ............................................................................................ 41
2

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

1.

Gii thiu v phng php: .................................................................................................. 41

2.

C s l thuyt ca phng php o: ................................................................................... 42

3.

u nhc im ca phng php TPA: ............................................................................... 42

III.

Cch thc tin hnh: ............................................................................................................. 43

1.

Chun b mu: Cc lu khi chun b mu s dng phng php TPA: .............................. 43

2.

Cch thc tin hnh: ............................................................................................................. 44

3.

Dng c o: My c l a nng. ............................................................................................ 45

IV.
1.
V.

Kt qu th nghim v x l kt qu: ..................................................................................... 45

Kt qu th nghim: ............................................................................................................... 45
X l kt qu v rt ra nhn xt: ............................................................................................... 48

1.

Tng hp kt qu: ................................................................................................................. 48

2.

X l bng phn mm excel ta c th: ......................................................................... 48

3.

Nhn xt: t cc th trn ta d thy c rng: .............................................................. 51

TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................................. 52

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

BI 1 : O CNG CA TRI CY( CHUI) BNG

PHNG PHP M XUYN.
I.

Mc ch th nghim:

- Mc ch tin hnh ca bi th nghim nhm o cng v chc ca mu

tri cy, y l cng ca mu chui vi 3 loi khc nhau, s dng lc nn m
xuyn qua mu cn o, mu s sinh ra phn lc, c th l ng sut tc ng tr li que
m xuyn, t lc tc dng o c v ng sut c tnh ton ta c th xc nh c
cng ca mu.
- L do chn mu th nghim
c im ca mu :
Mu chui s dng thuc 3 loi chui khc nhau: chui s, chui cau v chui
tiu. Chui Tiu (chui gi) c hnh dng qu thon di hi cong, v v tht qu chn
vng nht mi thm ngt. Chui s (chui xim hoc chui ln) c qu ngn v mp
hn chui tiu, v c mu vng, i khi c nhng m en nht, tht qu vng nht khi
chn c mi thm c trng v v ngt. Chui cau qu ngn nh, v qu vng m
bng, tht qu vng c trng, c mi thm v v ngt.

Thnh phn cu to :
Thnh phn ch yu c cha protein, tinh bt, cht bo, cc loi ng, Canxi,
pht-pho, kali, km, vitamin A, C, E, cht gm, vitamin B11, c bit chui c nhiu
pectin. Trong 100g chui chn c 0,6mg vitamin B6 , 9mg vitamin C, 19mg folacin,
396mg kali, 29mg magi, 16-20g glucid, 1.2g tinh bt, 1.32g protid, 0.5g lipid. (1)
Kch thc : Chui tiu c kch thc trung bnh khong 12-13cm, chui s
khong 7-8cm, chui cau khong 5-6cm
Tnh cht

Vt l: qu chui dng rn, c, khi lng ty theo tng ging khc

nhau, hnh dng kch thc a dng, nhng nhn chung c dng di thon, ging hnh
tr nm ngang.
4

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Ha l: do trong thnh phn c cha pectin nn khi ha vo nc s c

nht cao hn nc. Khi qu cn xanh thnh phn ch yu l tinh bt v cc hp
cht cht, ng thi cha cc hp cht d b oxi ha, khi tip xc vi khng kh d b
i mu, thm en . Khi chui chn tinh bt thy phn do h enzym c sn trong qu
to thnh cc loi ng to v ngt c trng v cc hp cht thm cng c hnh
thnh, v cht b thay th bi v ngt ca ng, cc hp cht cht, d thm en gim
hn.

Ha hc: c cha cc nguyn t vi lng cn thit cho c th : Ca, P, K,

Mg, Fr, Zn.
Phng php m xuyn c 2 loi : m xuyn qua v m xuyn 1 phn, trong
bi th nghim ny ta tin hnh phng php m xuyn qua.
II.

C s ca phng php:

Phng php m xuyn da vo tc dng ca lc nn p t que xuyn ln b

mt mu chui, lc tc dng ny lm cho b mt mu chui sinh ra ng sut cn tr
s tc dng , do lc tc dng ca que m xuyn ln ng sut nn lm cho mu b
m xuyn qua, tnh ton cng ca mu hay ng sut sinh ra da vo lc tc dng
F (N) va thng ng sut (Pa), khi ng sut c tnh theo cng thc = F/S
(S l din tch que m xuyn)
1. Mi lin h vi phng php khc:
+nh gi cm quan: T vic o cng ca mu chui bng phng php m
xuyn ta c th lin h vi vic th cm quan, vi kt qu o cng ca mu qu
cao, khi n ta s cm thy chui cng v kh n, c ming hot ng nhiu hn, tuyn
nc bt hot ng tit ra nc bt nhiu, lm ngi n tn nhiu nng lng, khi tht
qu khng c nhai k s gy kh tiu ha, nh hng n tm l khi n, t cho
kt qu cm quan khng cao. Nu kt qu o cng ca mu qu thp, khi n cm
gic mm nhn trong ming, lm ngi th c th nh gi khch quan rng mu ang
trong giai on chun b h hng, cng nh hng n tm trng ca ngi th, kt
qu cm quan cng khng cao.
+Ha l: Gi s khi o mu chui cn xanh, khi kt qu o c rt cao, do
chui xanh thnh phn ch yu l tinh bt v cc cht x khng tan, chng lm cho
cu trc ca chui cht v cng, nhng khi chui chn, cc thnh phn trong chui
bin i, tinh bt thy phn thnh ng, cc cht x khng ha tan gim, lng lipid
tng, t cng ca chui gim dn theo mc chn ca n. n khi chui qu
chn, khi cc thnh phn bin i hon ton, to thnh cc hp cht rt thun li
cho VSV s dng, lm cho chui b va ra iu lm cho cng ca n gim ng
k
2. u nhc im ca phng php:

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

+ u im: n gin, d thc hin, tin hnh nhanh, t tn thi gian, cho kt
qu nhanh, chnh xc, nhy cao, khng hn ch s lng mu kim tra,
lu gi kt qu lu, hiu qu. (2)
+ Nhc im: Thit b knh cng, phc tp, chi ph u t thit b ln, ph
thuc phn ln vo my tnh, ch o c cng v chc khng o
c cc c tnh khc.
III.

Cch thc tin hnh:

1. Chun b mu:
Chun b 3 loi chui khc nhau: chui tiu, chui cau, chui s, mi loi chui
ta thc hin th nghim vi 2 mu, nh vy phi chun b 6 qu chui lm mu. Tt c
cc mu phi c kch thc ng nht, ty theo tng loi chui ta c ng knh khc
nhau, nhng cao ca mu thng nht l 2cm. Nhm chn ly mu v tr gia qu
chui, v ng knh mu l ln nht, c y cc thnh phn cu to nn s
mang cng v chc i din qu chui. V mu c hnh dng l tr ng
2. Cch thc vn hnh:
- Chn v lp que m xuyn vo my cho ph hp, chc chn, m bo khi tin
hnh que m khng lch ra khi l nh hng trn khay cha mu
- t mu ln khay cha mu, ng knh mu phi ln hn ng knh que
m xuyn, sao cho mu t ln v che l nh hng trn khay
- iu chnh que o bng chnh th khi que cn xa mu v chnh tinh khi mu
gn tip xc vi mu, sao cho que ch va tip xc vi mu.
- M chng trnh Bluehill, ci t cc thng s: tn mu, cc i lng hin th
trn bng kt qu : Maximum Load (N), Extension at Maximum Comp. load (mm),
Time at Maximum Comp. load (sec), Rate 1 (mm/sec); chiu su m xuyn l khong
2.5-3cm, vn tc u d l 5mm/s, chnh bng hin th lc tc dng v bng hin th
su m xuyn v 0.
- Tin hnh test, 2 mu chui cng loi trn 1 th.
* Cc lu : ng knh mu phi ln hn ng knh que m xuyn, tt c cc mu
phi c chiu cao nh nhau, chiu su m xuyn phi ln hn chiu cao ca mu, vn
tc u d (que xuyn) phi c nh v thng l 5mm/s, v sinh thit b ngay sau khi
th nghim xong.
3. Dng c o:
Thit b catalog s 2830-005 l mt b bao gm u d hnh tr c y phng
cho php th m xuyn. ng knh ca u d t 1.57mm n 12.7mm. u d di
152mm c lm t hp kim c nockel tng bn v chng n mn. Trong bi th
nghim ny ta s dng u d c ng knh l 4.75mm ( 0.178in)
-

c tnh thit b
Que m xuyn phng s dng cho php th m xuyn
Que m xuyn Magness-Taylor s dng cho rau qu
6

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Ba ngm khng kha nhm gn v thay i que m xuyn

Cc que m xuyn c lm bng thp c ph nikel hoc thp khng g
trnh s n mn
- Que m xuyn hnh cu hoc hnh cn s dng cho cc vt liu khc
nhau
X l s liu:
-

IV.

1. S liu th
Chui s:

Tn mu

STT

Lc nn ti
a (N)

Thi gian
nn ti
a(giy)

Nng
lng ti
im nn
ti a(mJ)

Chuoi su 1

1.52

0.60

> 2.39

Chuoi su 2

1.37

0.70

> 2.23

Trung
bnh

1.45

0.65

2.31

lch
chun

0.11

0.07

0.12

Median

1.45

0.65

2.31

Compressive load (N)

Specimen 1 to 2
2.0
1.0

Specimen Name
C huoi su 1
C huoi su 2

0.0
-1.0
0

Time (sec)

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Chui tiu
Lc nn ti
a (N)

Thi
gian nn
ti
a(giy)

Nng
lng ti
im nn
ti a(mJ)

Tn mu

Chuoi tieu 1

4.92

0.90

> 11.55

Chuoi tieu 2

4.12

0.95

> 10.83

Trung
bnh

4.52

0.93

11.19

lch
chun

0.56

0.03

0.51

Median

4.52

0.93

11.19

Compressive load (N)

STT

Specimen 1 to 2
6
4

Specimen Name

C huoi tieu 1
C huoi tieu 2

0
-2
0

Time (sec)

Chui cau
Lc nn
ti a
(N)

Thi
gian nn
ti
a(giy)

Nng
lng ti
im nn
ti a(mJ)

STT

Tn mu

Chuoi cau 1

2.38

2.50

> 23.26

Chuoi cau 2

2.70

0.64

> 4.67

Trung bnh

2.54

1.57

13.96

lch
chun

0.23

1.31

13.15
8

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

2.54

Compressive load (N)

Median

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

1.57

13.96

Specimen 1 to 2
3.0
2.0

Specimen Name

1.0

C huoi cau 1
C huoi cau 2

0.0
-1.0
0

Time (sec)

2. X l s liu:
ng knh u d l d= 4.75mm => S=d2/4 = 1.77x10 -5 (m2)
ng sut sinh ra: = F/S (Pa)
V.

Kt qu v tho lun:

1. Kt qu th nghim:
Bng s liu da vo gi tr trung bnh ca s liu th
Chui s

Chui tiu

Chui cau

Lc nn ti a (N)

1.45

4.52

2.54

Nng lng ti im nn ti a
(mJ)

2.31

11.19

13.06

Thi gian nn ti a (s)

0.65

0.93

1.57

81920.90

255367.23

143502.82

ng sut sinh ra (Pa)

Lc nn ti a (N)
5.00
4.00
3.00
Lc nn ti a (N)

2.00
1.00
0.00
Chui s

Chui tiu

Chui cau

th lc nn ti a ln cc loi chui khc nhau

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

ng sut sinh ra (Pa)

300000.00
250000.00
200000.00
150000.00

ng sut sinh ra (Pa)

100000.00
50000.00
0.00
Chui s

Chui tiu

Chui cau

cc

th ng sut sinh ra ca loi chui khc nhau

2. Nhn xt v kt qu th nghim:
-

T s liu x l, ta thy chui tiu c cng v chc cao nht vi F=4.52 N,

n chui cau F=2.54 N v cui cng l chui s F=1.45N.

Thi gian nn ca chui cau lu nht vi 1.57 giy, n chui tiu 0.93 giy v
nhanh nht l chui s 0.65 giy

S dng cng 1 que m xuyn nn ta thy ng sut sinh ra s t l thun vi lc

tc dng ti a do cng din tch tc dng.

Theo l t nhin, khi mu c cng cng ln th thi gian nn cn thit que c

th xuyn qua mu cng phi ln, nhng vi s liu ta thu c, ta th so snh
gia chui tiu v chui cau, chui cau sinh ng sut nh hn nhng thi gian m
xuyn li ln hn, iu ny c th do k thut ca th nghim vin hoc do ci t
chiu su m xuyn khng ng u gia cc mu hoc chiu cao gia cc mu
c s chnh lch.

Xt trn cng 1 loi chui nhng cc v tr khc nhau, ta thy trn biu biu
din ca tng loi chui, ng biu din c s chnh lch, iu chng t
nhng v tr khc nhau trn cng qu chui s c cng khc nhau, hay c
chn khng ng u trn chnh n.
10

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Xt cc loi chui khc nhau s c cng khc nhau, mc d trn c bn thnh

phn trong cc loi chui l tng i nh nhau: tinh bt, pectin, protopectin,
glucid, protein. trong thnh phn to nn chc ca chui ch yu l tinh
bt v protopectin, tuy nhin hm lng ca chng th khc nhau ty thuc vo loi
chui, cc cht ny s kt hp vi nhau lm cho cu trc tht qu c chc khc
nhau.

Xt v chn ca cc loi chui, khi chui cn xanh thnh phn tinh bt v

protopectin khng tan trong nc c hm lng ln, lm cho cu trc tht chui c
cng ln. Khi chui chn do s bo qun ca con ngi hoc t nhin, trong
chui c s bin i cc thnh phn , c th l tinh bt b thy phn to ra ng
saccaro to v ngt c trng, protopectin b thy phn to ra pectin lm cho
cng ca chui gim ng k, cc tc nhn gy thy phn ch yu l enzym hoc
axit hu c chnh trong chui.

11

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

BI 2: PHNG PHP CT
I.

Mc ch th nghim:

1. Mc ch ca phng php :
Trn th trng c rt nhiu loi sn phm phong ph v mt hnh thc v cu
trc. Ngoi gi tr dinh dng ca sn phm cu trc ca thc phm cng c quan
tm hng u.
Vic s dng phng php ct vi mc ch o cu trc dai, do, bn v
cng ca sn phm ct. l yu t quyt nh ti cu trc ca sn phm cn o
2. Chn mu th nghim:
Mu th nghim l xc xch: 3 sn phm xc xch l: xc xch heo cu tre
Tupy, xc xch heo tit trng BigC, xc xch heo tit trng ca Vissan.
L do chn mu: xc xch l loi thc phm c cu trc do dai, bn, kt
dnh gia cc thnh phn cao, c cng thch hp. sn phm ph hp vi thit b ct,
m bo cho vic thc hnh khi ct khng lm thay i cu trc sn phm dn n s
liu t b sai st, ph hp vi iu kin th nghim
-

c im mu:
S lng gi: 05 cy.
Trng lng: 35g/01 cy
Hng v: Heo
Nh sn xut: Cu Tre, BigC, Vissan
Hn s dng: date mi nht cu Cu Tre, 3 thng t ngy sn xut.

- Thnh phn cu to:

Mu Tupy:
Nc heo (58%), m heo, tinh bt, protein u nnh, ng, mui, tiu, cht n nh
(E451i), cht iu v (E621), cht chng oxi ha (E316).

Ch tiu cht lng:

12

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Protein > 10%

NH3 45mg/100g
Mu Vissan:
Nc heo (55%), m heo, tnh bt, ng, mui, tiu, cht bo qun (251), cht n nh
(452i), cht iu v (621).

Ch tiu cht lng:

Protid 10% khi lng
Hm lng NH3 < 45mg/10g
Mu BigC:
Nc heo (30%), nc g, m heo, da heo, protein thc vt, tinh bt, mui, ng, gia v.
cht n nh mu (E251), cht n nh (E450ii, E451i, E452i), cht iu v (E621).

Ch tiu cht lng:

Hm lng dinh dng trong 100g sn phm:
Protid :10-20g
Glucid : 10-15g
Lipit : 6-12g
13

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

- Yu t quyt nh v nh hng ti cu trc do dai cho xc xch

Ngoi thnh phn quan trng l nc heo quyt nh ti cht lng sn phm xc xch
con s dng :
-

M heo : tng dnh, bo bng ca sn phm.

Da heo : cn c s dng tng kt dnh, tng dai cho xc xch
Tinh bt: gip cho xc xch c c, do, dai, dnh, xp,
trong. Tinh bt lin kt vi gel protein lm cho xc xch c n hi c
trng.
Cht n nh (E450ii, E451i, E452i), cht iu v (E621): ngn chn qu trnh
oxi ha gi mu ti cho tht, lm gin n cc si c qua lm thit mm hn,
do hn..

(http://luanvan.co/luan-van/phu-gia-trong-san-xuat-xuc-xich-3059/)
II.

C s l thuyt v phng php o:

1. Phng php ct:

S dng phng php ct Warner Brazler Shear dng o mm ca tht nh
tht b, cu, heo, tht gia cm, tht ch bin, xc xch
Mt thun li l thit b Warner-Braztler shear cp nht thng tin o qua my
tnh gip k s c th thng ke d liu hiu qu v tin ch.
Li ct c gn c nh Warner-Bratzler bng nicken c b dy khong 1 mm
c ct vt kha hnh ch V.
Mc d, php th ny khng ch to ra ng sut ct thun ty trn mu nghin
cu, m nhng kt qu lp li nhiu ln tng quan tt vi nhng nghin cu v cm
quan.
2. C s ca php o cu trc ca thc phm:
Phng php ct Warner Brazler Shear ng dng cho cc loi thc phm c
dai bn ca thc phm. nhng thc phm c hnh dng cu, c cu trc dai do v
c bn c cm nhn bng c quan cm nhn ca con ngi bng c hc, xc
gic, th gic.
3. Mi lin h vi cc phng php khc:
Phng php phn tch bng my cng da mt phn cm quan m con ngi
xc nhn c bng phng php cm quan nh gi cu trc ca sn phm. t
phng php cm quan ta mi c th xc nh c phng php bng my o n
mt cch chnh xc v linh hot tin dng m thit k my mc lm c..

14

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

4. u nhc im ca phng php:

u im

Nhc im

- Gi thnh r, nng sut cao, mang tnh

khch quan v php o cu trc bng
thit b thng c pht trin vi mc
ch thay th phng php phn tch
cm quan.

-Phng php khng c kh nay d

on c tnh cht cm quan.
-Khng c kh nng cng 1 lc o c
nhiu thuc tnh ca sn phm .

-n gin, chnh xc, hiu qu v c

tin cy cao.
III.

Cch tin hnh:

1. Chun b mu:
Hnh dng: Mu c hnh tr, c ng knh phi nh nhau tm gi tr Fmax so
snh cc kt qu.
Nu sn phm c ng knh khc nhau phi chn mu c chiu di L ln
trnh sai s.
Kch thc: ng knh mu 16mm, chiu di ln cho qu trnh ct.
2. Cch thc vn hnh:
a. Nguyn tc vn hnh my:
Php th xc nh lc ct Warner-Bratzler to ra mt lc ct khi dao ct ch V
xuyn qua mu th. Lc ct cn cho trng hp ny lin quan n dai, bn ca
sn phm. Phm vi ng lc cho sn phm tht t 20 N (5 lb) n 100 N (25 lb). Khi
chun b mu, li trc ct nn iu chnh thng hng vi th tht. Do dao ct ch V
ct nganh qua cc th tht. Mc d, php th ny khng ch to ra ng sut ct thun
ty trn mu nghin cu, m nhng kt qu lp li nhiu ln tng quan tt vi nhng
nghin cu v cm quan.
b. M t cng vic:
Li ct c gn c nh Warner-Bratzler bng nicken c b dy khong 1 mm
c ct vt kha hnh ch V. Gc ct 60 c bn knh 0,5 mm ti v tr mp ct. Tm
thp phi tht phng hn ch tr lc ct mu khi ct. Vt kha hnh ch V xc nh
lc ct Warner-Bratzler c gn cht vo trc thng qua ng ni bng thp khng g.
Cc dao ct c nh c gn cht vo thanh dn dao ct v h thng ny c gn
vo 1 c cu h tr chuyn ng. c nng bi khay hng gn vo h thng kim
15

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

tra. Thit k ny cung cp v tr ph hp, kim sot my ct v lt ct, v cho php

thay i nhanh chng v tr ct khc nhau.
c. Vn hnh my:
M my.
Vo D\ DHTP6B\nhm 3-sng th 7\nhm 5tn fower
M chng trnhmethodbrowseD\DHTP6B\nhm 3-sng th 7dam
xuyen_san compressiontn sp1
Specimendiameter:16mm, 17mm, 15mm
Control : test :rate1: 5mm/s
Results 1 (xut bng kt qu) save chuyn qua test
Bluehill testdam xuyensan.im_compressionbrowsechn mc lu
to ban unext
Chnh specimen label (tn sn phm 1) diameternext
Chnh mu: mi mu sn phm ta lm 2 ln. ct i mu ri t ln a ct,
chnh dao ct sao cho li dao gn chm vo xc xch

Chnh 2 thc : + bc 1: balance load (lc N)

+ bc 2: reset gauge length ( thc mm)
a v khng
start :savecopy qua excel
d.
-

Dng c o:

My o c l:
16

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Dao ct bng thp

Li ct c gn c nh Warner-Bratzler
bng nicken c b dy khong 1 mm
c ct
vt kha hnh ch V. Gc ct 60 c
bn knh
0,5 mm ti v tr mp ct. V tr gn
dao ct l c nh
Thit b t to ng mu ct khi thc
hnh th nghim,
khn giy lau.
Li gi tm thp gm 1 li 25,4 mm v
1 li 12,5 mm

IV.

Kt qu, x l s liu v tho lun

1. Kt qu:
V mu Tupy cu tre
17

Compressive load (N)

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Specimen 1 to 2
2.0
1.5

Specimen Name

1.0

cau tre 1
cau tre 2

0.5
0.0
0

Time (sec)

Specime
n label

Maximu
m
load(N)

Extensionat
maximum
comp.load

Time at
maximum
comp.load(se
c)

Rate 1
(mm/s)

ng
knh
(mm
)

Cau tre 1

1.73

-11

2.2

16

Cu tre 2

1.5

-13.5

2.7

16

Mean

1.62

-12.25

2.45

16

Standar
d
deviati
on

0.1603

1.76799

0.35355

Minim
um

1.5

-13.5

2.2

16

Maxim
um

1.73

-11

2.7

16

median

1.62

-12.25

2.45

16

Compressive load (N)

V mu vissan
Specimen 1 to 2
2.0
1.0

Specimen Name
vissan
vissan 2

0.0
-1.0
0

Time (sec)

Specime
n label

Maximum
load(N)

Exten
sionat
maxi

Time at
maximum
comp.load(se

Rate
1
(mm/

ng
knh
(mm)
18

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

mum
comp.
load

c)

s)

Vissan 1

1.85

-12

2.4

17

Vissan 2

1.87

-10.5

2.1

17

Mean

1.86

-11.25

2.25

17

Standar
d
deviatio
n

0.01756

1.060
11

0.21213

Minimu
m

1.85

-12

2.1

17

Maximu
m

1.87

-10.5

2.4

17

median

1.86

-11.25

2.25

17

Compressive load (N)

BigC
Specimen 1 to 2
3.0
2.0

Specimen Name

1.0

BigC
BigC 2

0.0
0

Time (sec)

Speci
men
label

Maximu Extensio
Time at
Rate 1
m
nat
maximum (mm/s)
load(N) maximu comp.load(
m
sec)
comp.lo
ad

ng
knh
(mm)

bigC 1

2.12

-9

1.8

15

bigC 2

2.04

-9

1.8

15

2.08

-9

1.8

15

Me

19

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

an
SD

0.06031

0.00011

Min

2.04

Ss

1.8

15

Ma
x

2.12

-9

1.8

15

med
ian

2.08

-9

1.8

15

2. X l s liu
ng sut:

Tng hp gi tr maximum load ca 3 loi xc xch

Xc xch Tupy
Cu Tre

Xc xch
Vissan

Xc xch
BigC

Ln 1

1.73

1.85

2.12

Ln 2

1.5

1.87

2.04

Lc trung bnh

1.62

1.86

2.08

lch chun

0.1603

0.01756

0.06031

Gi tr lc trung bnh ca 3 loi xc xch

Trung bnh lch
ng
lc
chun (SD) knh
(mm)

ng sut
(N/mm2)

Xc xch 2
Tupy Cu
tre

1.62

8.007510-

Xc xch
vissan

1.86

S
mu

0.1603

16

0.01756

17

8.1946103

20

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Xc xch
bigC

2.08

Nhm 3. T 3

0.06031

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

15

0.0118

th: so snh gi tr gia 3 loi xc xch

Xc xch Tupy Cu tre

Xc xch vissan
Xc xch bigC

3. Nhn xt v kt qu th nghim:
a. Nhn xt:
Vi 3 mu th nghim c ng knh khc nhau t nhiu nh hng ti s so snh
gia lc tc ng v ng sut ca xuc xch. Bigc c ng knh thp nht th n li di
nht, vissan c ng kinh ln nht nn chiu di ngn nht..tuy nhin v dai,
bn ca xc xch th c s khc nhau do nhiu yu t nh: thnh phn nguyn liu, quy
trnh sn xut, trang thit b chnh v th php o t nhiu c th nh gi c s
khc nhau v cht lng ca sn phm no l tt nht.
Theo bng kt qu v th ta c th nhn xt nh sau:
21

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

V lc tc ng trung bnh th lc tc ng vo xc xch BigC l ln nht l

2.08N, sau ti vissan l 1.86N, nh nht l Tupy l 1.62N.
lch chun gia cc ln o trn 1 sn phm th xc xch Tupy c gi tr SD
cao nht gia 2 ln o l 0.1603, sau ti bigC l 0.06031 nh nht l vissan l
0.01756. chng t s n nh ca vissan l tt nht t b chu nh hng bi cc yu t
nn lc cc ln o gn nh l ging nhau 1.85 v 1.87.
ng sut l lc tc ng trn 1 din tch =

F
(N/mm2). ng sut ca xc xch
A

BigC l ln nht cn 2 loi Vissan v Tupy l gn nh nhau.

Qua phn tch v mu v kt qu ta nhn thy:
Tupy ca Cu Tre c ng knh trung bnh l 16mm, lc ct thp nht l 16.2N
v n nh ca 2 ln ct l chnh lch ln nht biu hin gi tr SD.
Vissan c ng knh ln nht l 17mm, gi tr lc ct trung bnh l 1.86N v c
n nh ca 2 ln ct l cao nht vi gi tr SD thp nht v ng sut trt gn bng
Tupy
BigC c ng knh nh nht l 15mm, gi tr lc ct trung bnh l ln nht 2.08,
c n nh gia 2 ln o l trung bnh v ng sut trt l ln nht
b. Kt lun:
BigC c cng ln nht nn c cng cao nht. cng cng cao th cng cng
cao.
Vissan c n nh nht, cng ct va phi nn xc xch visan l c dai v
bn va phi t cng hn.sn phm ca vissan c nh gi theo nhn xt l tt nht.
Tupy c dai cao lc ct thp, khng n nh gia cc ln ct.
Vic nh gi ch da trn s liu m nhm thc hnh c nn cha hn
nh gi ng v cu trc ca cc loi sn phm. Cht lng hay cu trc sn
phm n cn da trn thnh phn, quy trnh sn xut v trang thit b u t ca
mi cng ty.

22

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

BI 3: PHNG PHP NN
I.

Mc ch th nghim:

1. Mc ch:
Phng php ny c s dng nhm o cng ca sn phm thc phm, thu
c khi tc dng mt lc nn thch hp ln sn phm .
2. Mu th nghim:
Phng php nn c p dng i vi cc sn phm c tnh cht cng, gin nh:
Ko, Ko s-c-la, Snack, Tri cy
Trong th nghim ny, ta xc nh cng ca 3 loi Snack khc nhau l: Snack
Poca b lc lc, Snack Poca khoai ty v Snack Poca bp.

Snack Poca B lc lc

Snack Poca Khoai Ty

Snack Poca Bp
23

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

So snh 3 mu th nghim:

Tn sn phm
Hnh dng
Thnh phn
Snack Poca b Dng ming Tinh bt sn, bt m,
lc lc
tam gic
du thc vt tinh
luyn, bt gia v B
lc lc, cht iu v
(621), shortening , bt
to xp (500ii), mui,
ng.
Snack
Poca Dng ming Khoai ty ti, du
khoai ty
trn
thc vt tinh luyn, bt
gia v Khoai Ty. Sn
phm c cha nguyn
liu t bt sa, ht
bng,
ht
hng
dng.
Snack Poca bp Dng ming Bp, ng mch nha,
trn
du thc vt tinh
luyn, ng, b, cht
nh
ha
lecithin
(E322), mui, hng
caramel tng hp.

II.

Tnh cht
Sn phm sy kh,
m thp (<6%).
D ht m
Gin

Sn phm sy kh,
m thp (<6%).
D ht m
Gin.

Sn phm sy kh,
m thp (<6%).
D ht m
Gin, xp.

C s l thuyt ca phng php nn:

1. Gii thiu v phng php nn:

S dng phng php Kramer
- Phng php nn c s dng o cng
ln nht ca cc sn phm thc phm c tnh
cht cng, gin.
- Ta s dng u d c lm bng thp khng
r nn v lm bin dng hon ton mu vi
mt lc nn thch hp. Cc l thp c cu trc
bng nhm chng n mn v d v sinh. Cc l
thp ct c gn vo cc trc cho php
chuyn ng gim lc ma st. nh cc m
24

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

thc phm n ra hai bn l thp (blades). S dng gi v khay nng

chuyn.[1]
2. C s ca phng php:
Khi cc tm thp ca b phn o lc nn ca
Kramer chuyn ng xung vt mu nn sn
phm. Qu trnh ph hy tip tc cho n khi thc
phm n ra ngoi gia cc l thp v xung y
ca b phn. Khi cc l thp tin gn n v tr m
mu chun b ct. Lc nn cc thi im khc
nhau (nn, n, bin dng) cung cp thm thng tin
v cu trc thc phm.[1]
Nh vy khi u d tc dng mt lc lm
bin dng mu th mu cng tc dng li u d
mt lc, u d tip nhn, phn tch v a ra kt
qu cng ln nht ca mu.
3. Mi lin h ca phng php nn c hc vi cc phng php khc:
Cu trc thc phm l tt c cc thuc tnh c hc, hnh hc, b mt ca sn phm
c cm nhn bi c hc, xc gic, th gic v cc c quan cm th khc ca con
ngi [ISO 5492 : 1992].
C th xc nh cng ca sn phm thc phm bng phng php phn tch
cm quan thc phm. Phng php ny ngi th c th xc nh cng ca sn
phm thng qua vic nhai cc sn phm . Hai hm rng ng vai tr nh u d ca
thit b phn tch c l. Lc nn ca hai hm rng cn lm bin dng sn phm s
cho chng ta bit cng ca sn phm thc phm. [3]
Khi cm nhn bng ming , nhng c quan t bo xc gic trong vm ming nh
li, li v mng bao quanh rng ng vai tr quan trng trong vic cm nhn cng
hay mm; c cc dy thn kinh ,c v khp ming. Nhng tn hiu t nhng dy
thn kinh s c truyn v cung cp thng tin v v tr quai hm ming, tnh cht ca
sn phm. [3]
Trong khi , cc thit b phn tch da vo b chuyn i chuyn nhng s o
lng vt cht, vt l thnh nhng tn hiu in hoc tn hiu c th nhn thy; nhng
tn hiu ny c th thu c ngay hoc cung cp cho thit b ghi nhn d liu.
B chuyn i ny thng cho mt kt qu tuyn tnh c th c trng cho nhng
c tnh vt l. Ngc li, s cm nhn ca con ngi li ph thuc vo hin tng
tm sinh l m thng c khuynh hng khng tuyn tnh. [3]
25

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

4. u im v nhc im ca phng php nn :

III.

u im
n gin, cng vic phn tch
ch yu da vo thit b phn
tch.
Cho kt qu nhanh chng
Hot ng lin tc ( khng
hn ch s lng mu kim
tra)
chnh xc cao
tin cy cao
Hiu qu
Kt hp c vi cc thit b
khc nh my vi tnh
Tit kim chi ph.

Nhc im
Trong mt vi trng hp, thiu
mi tng quan gia phng php
cm quan v phng php phn
tch thit b, hay ni cch khc cc
thit b ny khng c kh nng lin
quan hay d on tnh cht cm
quan. Cc thit b khng c kh
nng o cng lc nhiu thuc tnh
ca mt sn phm.

Cch tin hnh:

1. Chun b mu:
Chun b 3 mu Snack th nghim: Snack Poca b lc lc, Snack Poca khoai ty v
Snack Poca bp. Cc mu c chun phi c kch thc tng t nhau, (khng nht
thit l phi cng hnh dng), vic ny gip ta thun tin hn trong vic la chn u
d. C nhiu loi u d vi ng kch khc nhau. La chn u d thch hp vi
mu kho st gip cho kt qu chnh xc.
Mu phi c bo qun cn thn, cn nguyn kch thc, khng b vn nt.
Khi tin hnh o, ta m bao kn ly mu. Khng c mu qu lu ngoi
khng kh, v nh vy mu s ht m; lm gim cng, gin ca sn phm dn
n kt qu sai lch.
Trc khi cho vo my o c l, cn phi o chiu su ca mu, vic ny gip ta
ci t cc thng s ca my chnh xc. Thao tc ny ta cn phi thc hin nhanh v
mu c hm m thp s ht m rt nhanh khi ngoi khng kh.
Ngoi ra, mt yu t quan trng trong qu trnh chun b mu l ta phi xc nh
c loi u d ph hp vi kch thc ca mu. Loi u d c chn phi c kch
thc ln hn mu.
2. Cch thc vn hnh:
Lp t dng c, u d. C cc loi u d khc nhau, ty thuc vo kch thc
mu sn phm.
26

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

M phn mm v chy file trong my.

Sau khi m phn mm, vo mc Method v ci t cc thng s trong qu trnh
chy mu nh Diameter, Anvil height, Test Rate 1, Final anvil height
Cch thc ci t cc thng s ty thuc vo vic la chn mu:
Trc khi tin hnh php o, ta cn phi o chiu cao ca mu, khi c c
chiu cao ca mu ta c th ci t thng s chiu su i xung ca u d
ph v c mu v chiu su ny ca u d khng c qu 50%
chiu cao mu.
Vn tc u d l 5 mm/s.
Khi tin hnh o, ta t mu ln a phng, ngay v tr i xung ca u d.
Dng nt chnh th a u d xung gn st b mt mu, dng nt
chnh tinh chnh sao cho u d st b mt mu. Sau khi ci t u
cc thng s ta thc hin thao tc TEST trong phn mm. Cn bng lc,
sau kch chut vo nt START u d nn xung t t v ph v
mu, kt qu hin th trn mn hnh dng th. Tin hnh tng t vi
hai mu cn li.
IV.

Kt qu v tho lun:

Compressive load (N)

1. Kt qu th nghim:

Specimen 1 to 2
300
200

Specimen Name

100

Snack bo
Snack bo 2

0
-100
0

10

11

12

Time (sec)
Mu Snack Poca b lc lc c thc hin 2 ln.

27

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Compressive load (N)

Specimen 1 to 1
200
100

Specimen Name

Snack khoai tay

-100
0

10

11

12

Time (sec)

Compressive load (N)

Mu Snack Poca khoai ty c thc hin 1 ln.

Specimen 1 to 1
200
100

Specimen Name

Snack bap

-100
0

10

11

12

Time (sec)

Mu Snack khoai ty c thc hin 1 ln.

Do nguyn nhn khng thi gian nn mu hai v ba ch c kho st 1 ln. V vy
mu 1 s ly kt qu trung bnh so snh vi mu 2 v 3.
BNG S LIU

Mu
Snack
Poca b
lc lc

Mean

Speci
men
label
(Nhn
mu)
Snack
bo
Snack
bo 2

Maximu
m
Load (N)
(Lc ti
a)

Extension at
Maximum
Comp. load
(mm)

270.29

-37.83

7.57

254.05

-38.22

7.64

262.17

-38.02

7.61

Time at
Rate
Maximum
(mm/sec)
Comp.
(Vn tc)
load (sec)

28

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

(Trung
bnh)
Standard
Deviation
( lch
chun)
Minimum
(Nh nht)
Maximum
(Ln nht)
Median
(Trung v)

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

11.48

0.28

0.05

254.05

-38.22

7.57

270.29

-37.83

7.64

262.17

-38.02

7.61

Snack Poca b lc lc
Extension at
Maximum
Comp. load
(mm)

Time at
Maximum
Comp. load
(sec)

Rate
(mm/sec
)

-41.09

8.22

-41.09

8.22

-----

-----

-----

-41.09
-41.09
-41.09

8.22
8.22
8.22

5
5
5

Extension at
Maximum
Comp. load
(mm)

Time at
Maximum
Comp.
load (sec)

Rate 1
(mm/sec)

176.86

-36.66

7.33

176.86

-36.66

7.33

-----

-----

-----

-----

176.86
176.86
176.86

-36.66
-36.66
-36.66

7.33
7.33
7.33

5
5
5

Specimen Maximum
label
Load (N)
Mu Poca
khoai ty
Snack
191.97
khoai tay
Mean
191.97
Standard
----Deviation
Minimum
191.97
Maximum
191.97
Median
191.97

Snack Poca khoai ty.

Snack
Poca bp

Specimen Maximum
label
Load (N)
Snack
bap

Mean
Standard
Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Median

29

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Snack Poca bp.

2. Bng tng hp:

Maximum
Load (N)

Extension at
Maximum
Comp. load
(mm)

Time at Maximum
Comp. load (sec)

Snack Poca B

262,17

-38,02

7,61

Snack Poca Khoai

ty

191,97

-41,09

7,33

Snack Poca Bp

176,86

-36,66

8,22

300

Lc nn

250
200
150

Lc nn

100
50
0
B lc lc

Khoai ty

Bp

su m
-34
-35

B lc lc

Khoai ty

Bp

-36
-37
-38
-39

su
m

-40
-41
-42

30

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Thi gian nn
8.4
8.2
8
7.8
7.6

Thi gian nn

7.4
7.2
7
6.8
B lc lc

Khoai ty

Bp

3. Nhn xt kt qu th nghim:
T kt qu da trn th v bng s liu ta thy lc nn ln nht cn ph v
mu (Maximum load) i vi sn phm bnh Snack Poca b lc lc (262.17 N), tip
theo l Snack Poca khoai ty (191.97 N) v cui cng l Snack Poca bp (176.86 N).
C ba mu u c nn cng vi vn tc 5mm/s, tuy nhin kt qu li c s khc
nhau v cc thng s nh ln lc ph v, su m hay thi gian nn. Bn cht
ca th nghim l tc dng lc nn nh gi cu trc ca sn phm. S khc nhau
v lc nn ln nht c nhiu nguyn nhn nh sau:
-

Do thnh phn nguyn liu ca sn phm: Ba loi snack c thnh phn nguyn
liu chnh khc nhau. Chng c lm t Tinh bt sn (B lc lc), Khoai ty
v Bp. Nguyn liu quyt nh ti cu trc v tnh cht ca sn phm.

Amylose, %
Amylopectin, %
Tinh bt khoai m (sn)
17
83
Tinh bt khoai ty
20
80
Tinh bt bp
24
76
Thnh phn Amylose v Amylopectin ca mt s loi tinh bt. [2]
Hm lng Amylopectin trong tinh bt cng cao th cng, gin ca sn
phm cng cao. Amylopectin khc Amylose cu ni -1-6 glycozid, v cng nh
im khc bit ny m amylopectin quyt nh n tnh dai, do ca loi tinh bt. Loi
tinh bt c hm lng amylopectin cng cao th tnh cng, gin, di cng cao. V
lc nn lc nn nn sn phm cng cao.
Do hnh dng v kch thc ca mu kho st: cc mu c khng th c hnh dng
kch thc ging nhau hon ton. Chng ch kh tng ng, c mu hnh trn, hnh
tam gic, hay dy ca cc ming snack cng khng ging nhau. iu ny cng
nh hng mt phn ti kt qu o. Snack B lc lc c hnh tam gic, trong khi hai
mu cn li c hnh trn. dy ca Snack b lc lc cng ln so vi hai mu. iu
31

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

ny cng nh hng mt phn ti kt qu. ln lc nn ca Snack b lc lc ln

nht.
V.

PH LC CHO BI 3

1. S liu:
Gi tr trung bnh hay cn gi l Mean( tnh theo cng thc sau:

Trong :( gi tr trung bnh Mean.

n: s lng mu i vi mi sn phm.
X1, X2, , Xn: cng ca mu.
Tnh ng sut (), l lc mu tc dng ngc li u d:

Trong : : ng sut (Pa).

F: lc u d tc dng ln mu (N).
A: din tch mu tip xc vi u d (m2).
Phng sai (SD) hay l lch chun bnh phng c tnh theo cng thc:

Trong : SD: phng sai hay lch chun bnh phng ca gi tr

cng ca mu.
(gi tr trung bnh Mean.
n: s lng mu i vi mi sn phm.
X1, X2, , Xn: cng ca mu.
2. Hnh nh: Cc loi u d vi cc ng knh khc nhau ty thuc vo kch
thc
mu.

32

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

BI 4: PHNG PHP P N
Mc ch th nghim:

I.
Mc ch:

Phng php p n nhm mc ch o ng c ca sn phm nho, st:

Xc nh lc nn ca my ln 3 loi sa chua khc nhau to ng sut.

S trt ln nhau ca sn phm khi b p.
o lc n ngc tr li ca sn phm ln pha trn.

Lc tc ng cn o l cng nn.
La chn mu th nghim: sa chua.
c im ca sa chua:
-Sn phm sa chua c ch bin t sa ti, sa c hoc sa bt v cht bo
sa cc loi v c ln men bi Lactobacillus bulgarius v steptocuccus thermophilus
c hoc khng b sung cc thnh phn ph liu.
-Sa chua bao gm protein, lipid, cc cht khong v acid lactic. Trong thnh
phn protein th casein l quan trng nht v n chim hn 75% protein ca sa.
-Sa ln men thnh sa chua do vi khun lactic v hin tng ny gi l ln men
lactic. Sa chua c v snh, st do vi khun lactic bin dch trong sa thnh dch
cha nhiu axit lactic.
-Nguyn nhn l do cc vi sinh vt trong sa nh vi khun lactic ng hnh, d
hnh s ln men glucozo trong sa, chuyn chng thnh axit lactic v th dn ti pH
ca sa gim do ion H+ tng. Protein trong sa do chu tc ng ca axit s b bin
tnh, cc protein s dui thng l ra cc u a nc v k nc, theo tng tc k
nc, cc u k nc ca cc protein s lp tc quay vo nhau, v u a nc quay
ra ngoi => khin protein ng t v y l nguyn nhn khin sa chua th c, st.
II.

C s l thuyt v phng php o:

1. Gii thiu phng php o:

Back Extrusion l mt phng php nh gi ng c ca sa chua v cc
thc phm bn rn khc. Phng php p n ny tc dng lc ln thc phm t khi
u d p thc phm xung cho n khi ko u d ln thc phm chy qua li thot.
Phng php ny phc tp, tuy nhin li xc nh kh tt lc, cng, v cc ch s c
trng cho ng c ca sa chua. Trong vng m ca ng cong l ch s c
trng cho nht ca mu.

33

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

2. C s ca phng php p n:
Khi ta cho thc phm dng lng, sn st vo trong mt ci ng sau c nh
chng trn mt ci gi ca my o lc. Mt u d ca my o c t nm ngay
chnh gia ca l ng mu thc phm. Cho u d tip xc vi b mt ca mu bt
u iu chnh my ta o lc nn p ca sn phm l bao nhiu. Ta nn cho ti khi
no thc phm bin dng, b nn xung, cc lp cht lng trt ln nhau, chng s
thc hin qu trnh n ngc sn phm ln pha trn b mt u d tm li thot.
Nh vy ta s xc nh c o ng c ca cht lng thng qua lc nn p.
Phng php p n gm 3 lc tc dng ln thc phm: lc nn ca u d ln
thc phm; lc trt ln nhau ca cc lp thc phm (sa chua) v lc n ngc ln
ca thc phm. Thng thng chng ta s o lc ln nht cn thit t n s p v
s dng lm ch s cht lng cu trc ca thc phm.

3. u nhc im ca phng php p n:

u im:
D dng tin hnh, nhanh chng.
Lc cn thit p lc ban u khng ph thuc vo khi lng ca mu nn
khng mt thi gian cn tng mu.
Cng khng nh hng bi lng nc t do. Yu cu lau chi sau mi ln th
mu khng cn t m v khng cn thit phi lau kh ngn cha mu.
Hot ng lin tc.

34

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Thit b o c ni vi my tnh nn c th iu chnh cc thng s v xut

kt qu d dng.
Nhc im
Phi thc hin trong cng mt nhit mi trng.
Thit b khng cng lc o nhiu thuc tnh ca mt sn phm.
III.

Cch thc tin hnh:

1. Chun b mu:
Chn 3 loi sa chua ca 3 nhn hiu khc nhau: sa chua ba v, sa chua
vinamilk, sa chua lovein farm.
Nn chun b mu sa chua dng lng, st. Khng nn chn loi qu long hay
ng cng v khi lc cht lng tc dng ln u d s b thay i dn n sai s.

c im ca cc loi sa chua:
Sa chua Ba V: Thnh phn: nc, sa ti, bt sa, ng tinh luyn, du b,
cht n nh ( gelatin, mono v dighycerit), cc axit bo (E471), cht bo qun chit
xut t nhin natamycin (E235), Men Streptococcus thermophillus v Lactobacillus
bulganicus. . Gi tr dinh dng trung bnh trong 100g : Nng lng (102,6kcal),
Cacborhydrate ( 16,6), Cht bo (3g).
Sa chua Vinamilk: Thnh phn: Nc, Sa (sa bt, sa b ti, bt whey,
cht bo sa), ng tinh luyn, Du thc vt, Cht n nh (gelatin thc phm,
(E1422), (E471)), Men Streptococcus thermophillus v Lactobacillus bulganicus. Gi
tr dinh dng trung bnh trong 100g: Nng lng (105.0 kcal), Cacborhydrate
(16.0g), cht m (3.5 g), cht bo (3.0 g)
Sa chua Lovein farm: Thnh phn: Sa b ti, ng, m sa (1%), cht
n nh (gelatin, mono v diglycerit ca cc cht bo (E471)), Men Streptococcus
thermophillus v Lactobacillus bulganicus. Gi tr dinh dng trug bnh trong 100g:
Nng lng (105 kcal), Cacborhydrate (16.0g), cht m (3.5 g), cht bo (3.0 g)
35

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Cc mu sa chua s c chun b ti cng mt nhit v s khc nhau v

nhit c th lm thay i nht ca sn phm dn n sai s, ln lt cho mu
vo cng mt hp cha n ng lng cn thit v t ngay di u d.
Mu khng cn xc nh chnh xc kch thc, hnh dng. Ta ch cn nh lng
n ng vch m ta nh lng t u.
2. Cch thc vn hnh:
M my tnh v thit b o
Khi ng phn mm chy propiler, m file control
t cc thng s cn thit nh:
Ram 1
v = 2 mm/s
Chiu su: 2 cm
Endpointf = 2 cm

Ram 2
v = 2 mm/s
0

M my sau ci t trong phn mm cc yu t nh sau th nghim c th

din ra hon chnh, an ton v khng c sai st :
Max. Force 1st Cycle (F1) (mN)
Adhesiveness (A3) (J)
Energy to Max Load 1st Cycle (A1) (mJ)
Area (cm2)
Compressive stress at Maximum Comp. load Cycle 1 - Loading (Pa)
t tng mu sa chua ln gia a sau iu chnh cho u d va tip xc
vi b mt ca mu. Ban u chnh bng nt iu chnh th, khi u d gn
chm vo b mt mu th chnh bng nt iu chnh tinh. Tin hnh text cho h
thng thc hin php o.

36

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

3. Dng c o: S dng u d c lm t hp kim niken tng bn v

chng n mn. Hp ch mu c ng knh d=50mm, chiu su =35mm v

u d c D =41mm <50mm.
4. X l s liu:
Hardness( cng)= F1
Adhesiveness( dnh b mt)= A3
Compressive stress (ng sut):

F
S

Area (din tch) S=(D^2)/4

Fracturability =A1
IV.

Kt qu v tho lun:

1. Kt qu th nghim:

37

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Energy
Compressive
to Max
stress at
Load
Maximum
Specimen
Adhesiveness
Area
1st
Comp. load
label
(A3) (J)
(cm^2)
Cycle
CYCLE 1 (A1)
LOADING
(mJ)
(Pa)
1
466.51
-0.00174
6.65
13.2
353.35
Farm
2
-0.00328
6.69
13.2
427.77
Vinamilk 564.76
3
378.41
-0.00109
5.98
13.2
286.62
BaVi
469.89
-0.00204
6.44
13.2
355.91
Mean
93.22302
0.00112
0.3994
0
70.6099
Standard
Deviation
466.51
-0.00174
6.65
13.2
353.35
Median
Max.
Force
1st
Cycle
(F1)
(mN)

2. Nhn xt kt qu th nghim: Tng hp kt qu:

Sa chua Farm

Lc p n (ln
nht) (mN)
466.51

dnh b mt
(A3) (J)
-0.00174

Cng ti p n
ln 1 (A1) (mJ)
6.65

Sa chua Vinamilk

564.76

-0.00328

6.69

Sa chua Ba V

378.41

-0.00109

5.98

Mu

38

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

3. X l bng phn mm excel ta c th:

Lc p n (ln nht) (mN)

600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Sa chua farm

Sa chua vinamilk

Sa chua ba v

Nhn xt:
Da vo s liu v th ta nhn thy sa chua Vinamilk c lc p n ln nht,
k n l sa chua Farm v cui cng l sa chua Ba V. T c th thy rng, thnh
phn v cu trc ca mi loi sa ph thuc vo hm lng cht bo to nn ng
c v dnh khc nhau ca tng sn phm. Cc cht bo s b nht trong mng li
protein, to ra cm gic mn d chu v tng tnh c, bng ca sa chua nhiu bo hn
sn phm t bo.
Ngoi ra, cng p n ln 1 l s liu nh gi ng c ca sn phm v ta
cng thy da vo bng kt qu, sa chua vinamilk c cng ti p n ln 1 l ln
nht, sau l sa chua farm v cui cng l sa chua ba v. Nu sn phm hm lng
cht bo cao th c ng c cao v ta cn mt lc p xung cao do mng li
protein dy c hn sn phm bnh thng.
Vy sa chua Vinamilk c ng c cao nht.

39

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

BI 5: PHN TCH CU TRC THC PHM BNG

PHNG PHP TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS ( TPA)
I.

Mc ch th nghim:

1. Mc ch tin hnh th nghim:

o lc nn xc nh cc thng s ca sn phm:
gin (Fracturability)
cng (Hardness)
dnh b mt( adhesivement)
c kt( conhensivement)
do( Gumminess)
dai( Chewiness)
co gin(Springiness)
2. L do chn mu th nghim:
c im ca mu: Th nghim ny tin hnh nn mu 2 ln nn mun
phn tch cu trc ca mu sn phm th sau ln nn th 1 mu phi c kh nng
phc hi v dng nh ban u ca n nn chn mu phi c tnh n hi. Ko do c
dai nht nh, khi b nn kh b gy v nn c kh nng phc hi sau ln nn th
1.
- Thnh phn cu to ca ko do:
i vi th nghim ny, nhm s dng 3 mu ko do khc nhau:
+ Ko do BIBICA: ng, mch nha, gelatin, axit citric, hng tng hp ( cam,
chanh, du, vi, tri cy), mu thc phm tng hp (E110, E133, E129), mu t nhin
-caroten.
+ Ko do CHIPCHIP: ng, glucoza, gelatin, axit chanh, hng liu tng
hp( hng du, nho, cam, chanh), mu thc phm tng hp( E102, E110, E129,
E133).
Ch tiu cht lng chnh: m=< 22%, HL ng ton phn:>=65%
+ Ko do HARIBO: ng, siro ng, dextrose, gelatin, nc p hoa qu:
to, du, cam, chanh, da, E330, mu t nhin chit xut t tri cy v cy c. hng
liu, E901, E903, chit xut t tri cm chy, chit xut t Carob, ng nghch
chuyn.
Ch tiu cht lng ch yu: nng lng 343kcal, protein 6.9gr
- Kch thc: ng knh ca mu phi ln hn ng knh u d: dmu < du
d.
- Tnh cht vt l ca ko: mm, do, c tnh n hi, d b nng chy khi nhit
cao.

40

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

- Thnh phn nh hng ti cu trc ca ko do: ng, gelatin, pectin,

ncngoi ra, mt s cht nh: axit citric, hng liu, mu thc phm cng nh
hng nh n cu trc n hi ca ko do.
II.

C s l thuyt ca phng php:

1. Gii thiu v phng php:

TPA(Texture profile analysis)- phn tch m t cu trc l mt phng php ph
bin nghin cu nh tnh v nh lng s khc nhau ca cu trc thc phm. l
phng php nh gi cu trc bc 2 ca sn phm thng qua 2 ln nn, nn 2 ln
cng 1 im, c ch tc ng nh hm rng.
Phng php TPA a vo tnh ton bn cht ng hc ca s cm nhn cu
trc. Do , phng php ny nh gi thuc tnh cu trc theo trnh t: u tin l
cc thuc tnh b mt (bng th gic nhn trc khi nhai), tip n s nn p ban u (
cm nhn da trn ln cn u tin), cm nhn trong sut qu trnh nhai, phn cn li (
s thay i to ra trong sut qu trnh nhai v thng cm nhn sau khi nut). Trong
qu trnh nh gi, ngoi cc thuc tnh c hc v hnh hc, m thanh pht ra cng
c cm nhn.
a s cc nghin cu v cu trc thc phm u dng phng php TPA, c
bit khi cn a cc m t v thuc tnh cu trc ca sn phm, phng php TPA xc
nh s khc nhau gia cc c tnh ring bit. Chng hn, khi nghin cu v sn
phm phomai, Pereira dng phng php ny, mt s thut ng nh chc,
dai, bo, dnh c hi ng a ra. V khi hi ng a ra thut ng s i
km vi nh ngha thut ng, cc thut ng c la chn thng qua s thng nht
ca hi ng hoc x l thng k s l ch tiu nh gi cho sn phm. Trong mt s
cc nghin cu khc, khi tc gi mun nghin cu trn mt s thuc tnh nht nh no
, th vic xy dng thut ng cho sn phm c b qua, hi ng nh gi s c
gii thiu nhng thut ng c sn t mt tiu chun hay t cc nghin cu trc trn
sn phm tng t. Vic nh lng cc thuc tnh c th c s dng trn thang
khng cu trc ( vch du trn mt ng thng chiu di nht nh), hoc trn thang
im, s im trn thang c th l 7, 9, 100 hay 100ty theo tng th nghim.
Phng php TPA l mt trong nhng k thut ni ting ca nhm php o m
phng. Phng php TPA m phng hot ng nhai ca rang. tng chnh ca
phng php ny l mt lng mu thc phm tng ng vi ming cn c p 2
ln lin tip. Kt qu thu c l mt ng cong th hin quan h gia lc v thi
gian. Mt vi thuc tnh cu trc nh cng, c c kt, nht, n hi c th
c nh gi t ng cong ny. phng php TPA ging nh 1 qu trnh nhai
tht s, ngi ta bi trn gia vng tip xc ca mu v thit b, Nhng cht bi trn (
v d nh du thc vt th) c s dng bt chc s chuyn ng trong ming.
Ngoi ra, mt hm rng nhn to v s chuyn ng theo khng gian ba chiu cng
c lp vo thit b o TPA to ra mt phng php hin thc hn.
41

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

2. C s l thuyt ca phng php o:

Phng php TPA trong phn tch cng c, cc mu thc phm chu s tc dng
ca lc nn. Qua cc ln nn th s lin kt ca cc phn t trong thc phm thay i,
lc lin kt ny yu dn v th lc nn cng gim dn. Da vo gi tr lc nn cc i
ca cc ln nn (Fmax) v ng bin thin ca lc nn theo thi gian ta c th tnh
c cc thng s cn quan tm.
thc hin phng php ny ta nn 2 ln trn 1 mu, s cho ra th nn.
Khi u d tc dng mt lc lm bin dng mu th mu cng tc dng li u
d mt lc, u d tip nhn, phn tch v a ra kt qu cng ln nht ca mu.
Phn tch cu trc c lin quan n vic o cc c im c hc ca mu khi mu chu
nhng tc ng c kim sot. My o phn tch cu trc ghi li s chng li lc
ca sn phm.
Cc thng s tnh v cng thc tnh:
- F1max: lc nn ln nht ca ln nn 1 (N).
- F2max: lc nn ln nht ca ln nn 2 (N).
- A1: cng nn ln 1 (J)
- A2: cng nn ln 2 (J)
- gin: vt nt gy u tin ca sn phm, ty thuc vo tnh cht b mt ca
sn phm.
- c kt = (cng nn ln 2)/ (cng nn ln 1)= A2/ A1 ( th hin lc lin kt
cc phn t trong sn phm).
- dnh b mt: A3 (J).cng ko u d ra khi b mt sn phm.
- do( Gumminess) = c kt * cng.
- dai (Chewiness) = do * co gin ca thc phm
- co gin ca tp l khong cch nn ln 2(mm)
3. u nhc im ca phng php TPA:

u im:

n gin, d tin hnh.

C li v mt kinh t

Cho kt qu nhanh chng.

Hot ng lin tuc ( khng hn ch s lng mu kim tra)

Chnh xc.

tin cy cao.

Hiu qu.

Kt hp cc thit b khc nh my vi tnh. Thit b o c

ni vi my tnh nn c th iu chnh cc thng s v xut kt qu d
dng.

Nhc im:

Thit b cha o c 1 vi c tnh nh: mi, v

42

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Mt vi trng hp khng c s tng quan vi kt qu

ca phng php cm quan.

Khng c kh nng o cng mt lc nhiu thuc tnh ca

mt sn phm nh nh gi cm quan.
III.

Cch thc tin hnh:

1. Chun b mu: Cc lu khi chun b mu s dng phng php TPA:

iu quan trng nht trong qu trnh chun b mu l phi xc nh c loi
u d ph hp vi kch thc mu. ng knh mu phi ln hn ng knh u
d: dmu > du d. Cc mu em i phn tch so snh c kch thc va phi v ph
hp vi 1 u d.
Mu phi c tnh n hi, c cu trc n nh. Khng c yu cu v hnh dng.
Thi gian tin hnh o gia cc mu l nh nhau m bo tnh khch quan.
Mu th nghim l 3 loi ko do:

o
d

o
B
I
B
I
C
A
K

Ko do BIBICA

43

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Ko do CHIPCHIP

Ko do HARIBO

2. Cch thc tin hnh:

- Cch thc ci t cc thng s ty thuc vo vic la chn mu.
- Trc khi tin hnh php o, ta phi o chiu cao mu, khi c chiu cao mu ta
mi ci t thng s chiu su i xung ca u d, chiu su my khng c qu
50% chiu cao mu.
44

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

- Vn tc u d l 2mm/s.
- Khi tin hnh o, t mu ngay v tr i xung ca u d. Dng nt chnh th
a u d xung gn st b mt mu, dng nt iu chnh tinh chnh sao cho u
d st b mt mu v tip xc vi mu( ch : u d ch tip xc ch cha nn mu
trc khi test). Sau khi ci t y cc thng s, click vo nt START u d
nn xung, thu c kt qu hin th trn mn hnh my tnh.
- Tin hnh tng t vi 2 mu cn li. Mi mu lp li nh vy 5 ln o.
3. Dng c o: My c l a nng.
IV.

Kt qu th nghim v x l kt qu:

1. Kt qu th nghim:
Mu 1: Ko do BIBICA( h=6cm)

Max.
Force
1st
Cycle
(F1)
(N)
Spe
cim
en
labe
l

Ma
x
Cohe
For sion
Gumm
ce Energ Adhesi
Springi iness
2nd
y
veness
ness
(F2*A
Cyc (A2/
(A3)
S(mm) 2/A1)
le
A1)
(J)
(N)
(F2 (ratio
)
)
(N)

Chewi
ness
S*F2*
A2/A1
(N*m
m)

Energ
y to
Max
Load
1st
Cycle
(A1)
(mJ)

Ener
gy at
Max
imu
m
Com
p.
load
CYC
LE
2,
LOA
DIN
G
(S)
45

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

(mJ)

4.8

4.6

0.83

2.93

2.7
7

0.8

2.33

2.2
1

0.85

2.7

2.6
2

0.82

3.41

3.3

0.78

3.23

3.1

0.82

0.958
4

0.9
23

0.027
23

2.93

2.7
7

0.82

5
Mea
n
SD
Med
ian

0.0000
3
0.0000
3
0.0000
3
0.0000
2
0.0000
3
0.0000
3
0.0000
1
0.0000
3

3.7

3.79

14.05

4.26

3.51

2.9

2.22

6.37

2.73

2.19

3.2

1.87

5.92

2.1

1.78

2.9

2.16

6.31

2.44

2.02

3.8

2.57

9.78

3.61

2.81

3.3

2.52

8.49

3.03

2.46

0.4392
2

0.7518
1

3.2

2.22

3.4787 0.8865
5
5
6.37

2.73

0.70
114
2.19

Mu 2: Ko do CHIPCHIP (h= 1cm)

46

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Max.
Force
1st
Cycle
(F1)
(N)

Spec
imen
label
1
2
3
4
5

6.31
6.87

7.59
5.67
8.51
Mean
6.99
SD
1.1059
Median
6.87

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

Energy
to Max
Load
1st
Cycle
(A1)
(mJ)

Max
Cohe
Gumm Chewi
Force
sion
Adhesi Spring
iness
ness
2nd
Energy veness
iness
(F2*A2 S*F2*
Cycle (A2/A1) (A3) (J) S(mm)
/A1)
A2/A1
(F2)
(ratio)
(N)
(N*mm)
(N)
0.82
4.7
4.99
23.56
8.44
6.06
0.00001
6.38
0.83
0
4.1
5.27
21.58
9.01
0.88
4.6
6.36
29.44
9.21
7.25
0.00001
5.41
0.84
0
3.8
4.55
17.45
7.44
7.92
0.86
0
4.3
6.81
29.07
9.15
6.6
0.85
0
4.3
5.6
24.22
8.65
0.992 0.02279 0.00001 0.36808 0.95167 5.09954 0.74058
6.38
0.84
0
4.3
5.27
23.56
9.01

Energy at
Maximum
Comp.
load
CYCLE 2,
LOADING
(S) (mJ)
6.95
7.44
8.08
6.26
7.86
7.32
0.73191
7.44

Mu 3: Ko do HARIBO ( h=1,1cm)

Speci
men
label
1
2
3
4
5
Mean
SD
Median

Energy Energy at
Max.
Max
to Max Maximum
Cohesion
Gummi Chewiness
Force Force
Adhesi Springi
Load
Comp.
Energy
ness
S*F2*
1st
2nd
veness
ness S
1st
load
(A2/A1)
(F2*A2
A2/A1
Cycle Cycle
(A3) (J) (mm)
Cycle CYCLE 2,
(ratio)
/A1) (N) (N*mm)
(F1)
(F2)
(A1)
LOADING
(N)
(N)
(mJ)
(S) (mJ)
5.08 4.91
0.87
0.00001
4.2
4.29
18.02
7.39
6.44
5.85 5.77
0.9
0.00001
3.9
5.19
20.08
7.95
7.16
4.43 4.35
0.93
0.00001
3.5
4.05
14.21
5.88
5.48
6.28 6.09
0.88
0
4.1
5.36
21.87
8.78
7.72
5.5 5.32
0.89
0
4.1
4.72
19.57
7.85
6.97
5.43 5.29
0.89
0
4
4.72
18.75
7.57
6.75
0.7111 0.689 0.02314
0
0.28326 0.56232
2.88656 1.06885
0.8469
5.5 5.32
0.89
0.00001
4.1
4.72
19.57
7.85
6.97

47

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

V.

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

X l kt qu v rt ra nhn xt:

1. Tng hp kt qu:

Lc
nn
ln
1(N
)

Lc
nn
ln
2(N
)

c
kt
gin
(A2/A1 (J)
)

co
gin
(mm
)

dai Cng Cng

do (N*mm nn
nn
(N) )
ln
ln
1(mJ 2(mJ
)
)

0.82

3.3

2.5
2

8.49

3.03

2.46

4.3

5.6

24.22

8.65

7.32

4.7
2

18.75

7.57

6.75

bibica

3.23 3.1

chipchi
p
Haribo

6.99 6.6

0.0000
3
0

5.43 5.29 0.89

2. X l bng phn mm excel ta c th:

48

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

8
7
6
5
Lc nn ln 1(N)

Lc nn ln 2(N)

3
2
1
0
Bibica

Chipchip Haribo

Hnh 1. thi so snh lc nn ln 1 v ln 2

10
9
8
7
6
5

Cng nn ln 1(mJ)

Cng nn ln 2(mJ)

3
2
1
0
bibica

chipchip

Haribo

Hnh 2: th so snh cng nn ln 1 v ln 2.

c kt (A2/A1)
0.9
0.88
0.86
0.84

c kt (A2/A1)

0.82
0.8
0.78
bibica

chipchip

Haribo

Hnh 3: th so snh c kt
49

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

gin (J)
0
bibica

chipchip

Haribo

-0.000005
-0.00001
-0.000015
gin (J)
-0.00002
-0.000025
-0.00003
-0.000035

Hnh 4: th so snh gin

co gin (mm)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

co gin (mm)

bibica

chipchip

Haribo

Hnh 5: th so snh co gin

do (N)
6
5
4
3

do (N)

2
1
0
bibica

chipchip

Haribo

Hnh 6: th so snh do.

50

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

dai (N*mm)
30
25
20
15

dai (N*mm)

10
5
0
bibica

chipchip

Haribo

Hnh 7: th so snh dai.

3. Nhn xt: t cc th trn ta d thy c rng:
+ Lc nn ln 1 > lc nn ln 2 & cng nn ln 1 > cng nn ln 2
+ co gin, do, dai ca ko do CHIPCHIP lun l ln nht, tip theo l
ko do HARIBO, v nh nht l ko do BIBICA
+ V tnh cht do nn gin hu nh gn bng 0.
+ c kt ca ko HARIBO> CHIPCHIP> BIBICA. Chng t 1 iu rng s
lin kt ca cc thnh phn ha hc trong ko HARIBO l cao nht.

51

Bo co thc hnh vt l thc phm

Nhm 3. T 3

GVHD: Th.S Dng Vn Trng

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. http://vuilen.blog.cz/0704/s-b-d-ng-c-a-chu-i
2. http://www.thaythuoccuaban.com/vithuoc/chuoi.htm
3. H thng bi th nghim- Phn Tch Cu Trc Thc Phm- DHCN
TPHCM, trang 10
4. http://luanvan.co/luan-van/phu-gia-trong-san-xuat-xuc-xich-3059/
5. H thng bi th nghim phn tch cu trc thc phm ca Gv DNG
VN TRNG;o bn ct ca sn phm xc xch; trang 13,14
6. Bao b ca 3 sn phm xc xch: xc xch heo cu tre Tupy, xc xch heo
tit trng BigC, xc xch heo tit trng ca Vissan.
7. Gio trnh Thc hnh Vt L Thc Phm Dng Vn Trng
8. https://sites.google.com/site/duongvantruong1510/cong-nghe-thucpham/thuc-hanh
9. Tm hiu v tinh bt cc loi c. ng dng ca chng trong ch bin
thc phm
10. .http://luanvan.co/luan-van/tim-hieu-ve-tinh-bot-cua-cac-loai-cu-valuong-thuc-ung-dung-cua-chung-trong-che-bien-thuc-pham-2780/
11. Bi ging nh gi cm quan thc phm Chng 2: C ch hot ng
ca cc c quan cm gic.
12. http://www.zun.vn/tai-lieu/bai-giang-ky-thuat-danh-gia-cam-quan-thucpham-chuong-2-co-che-hoat-dong-cua-cac-co-quan-cam-giac-4793/

52