Gio vin hng dn:

TS. Nguyn Hong Vit

ng hc hon nguyn

trn nn than
H Ni, ngy 10 thng 6 nm 2014
1
Sinh vin thc hin:
Nguyn Hng Hi Trn c Long, kha 54 KTVL
qung vin Ma-nh-tt Thng Long
I. Tng quan
II. C s hon nguyn trc tip
III. Hon nguyn qung vin -xt st trn nn
than
IV. Kt qu th nghim
V. Kt lun
Ni dung
2
I. Tng quan
3
Tng quan
4
A
B
C
Luyn coke
Chun b liu
L cao L thi Oxy
Than
Q. st
cc, mn
Coke
Thiu kt phm,
Q. vin
Thp lng
Hon nguyn
Trc tip
L in
h quang
Thp lng
Thp ph
Q. st
Kh TN/Than
L thi Oxy
Hon nguyn
nng chy
Q. st
Than
Thp ph
St xp
Gang lng
Thp lng
Gang lng
Tng quan (tip)
Cht hon
nguyn
Cng
ngh
Nguyn
liu
Sn phm Lu trnh cng ngh
Kh t
nhin
chuyn ha
Midrex
HYL
Qung vin
Qung cc
- St hon
nguyn trc
tip (DRI).
- St ng
bnh nng
(HBI)
Than
khng
luyn Coke
Fastmet Qung mn
SL/RN
Qung vin
Qung cc
Hin nay c khong 30 cng ngh ng dng phng php luyn kim
phi Cc.
Xy dng ch yu cc quc gia n , Iran, Mexico, Nga
Cng ngh luyn kim phi Coke c th chia thnh 2 nhm chnh: Hon
nguyn trc tip v hon nguyn nu chy
Tng quan (tip)
50
55
60
65
70
75
Sn lng DRI/HBI trn th gii
t nm 2004-2012 (triu tn)
60%
25%
12%
3%
MIDREX
SL/RN
HYL
Khc
Phn b t l sn lng st xp
nm 2012
Ngun:
http://www.steelworld.com
28%
16%
11%
8%
7%
30%
n
Iran
Rp X t
Mexico
Nga
Khc
70.937
Tng quan (tip)
Thc trng ti Vit Nam:
Nm 1986, Xng st xp-X nghip lin hp Gang thp Thi Nguyn xy
dng vi cng sut 22.000 tn/nm. Nm 1987 cho ra sn phm u tin.
T nm 2005-2006 c quy m cng nghip. Sn phm c cung cp cho
cc nh my luyn phi s dng l in h quang v l in trung tn.
Cc nh my s dng cng ngh hon nguyn trc tip c s than.
Cng ty a im Hin trng Cng sut
Cng ty TNHH Nht Pht Hi Phng 2006 50,000
Cng ty C phn khong sn v luyn kim Vit Nam
(MIREX)
Cao Bng 2010 100,000
Cng ty c phn Vt t v Thit b ton b (Matexim) Bc Cn 2013 100,000
Cng ty TNHH Kobelco Vit Nam (Tp on thp
Kobe Nht Bn)
Ngh An Xy dng 1,000,000
D n Sn xut st xp t cht thi bn Bauxit Ty
Nguyn (Vin Hn lm Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit
Nam Vinacomin)
Ty Nguyn
ang
nghin cu

Tng quan (tip)
D bo xu hng pht trin ti Vit Nam:
Xu hng vn s pht trin do:
Phn ln cc nh my sn xut phi thp ti Vit Nam s dng l in h
quang v l in trung tn.
Ngun thp ph khan him v gi c tng cao. Ph ni a kh kim sot cht
lng.
Than cc nhp khu t Trung Quc, Australia gp kh khn v gi c v cht
lng
p dng cng ngh hon nguyn trc tip l bc i cn thit
v ng n vi ngnh cng nghip gang thp Vit Nam.
II. C s hon nguyn trc tip
Hon nguyn trc tip
Cc th st u tin thi xa xa sn xut St xp bng hon
nguyn qung st bng qu trnh t chy than. St xp l
ngun cung cp chnh i vi lnh vc sn xut gang v thp
trong nhiu th k.
Khi nim St xp-Sponge iron c s dng n u
nhng nm 1980 cho n khi ra i thut ng chun xc v
ph bin c tn l st hon nguyn trc tip (DRI)
Hon nguyn trc tip (DR) l cng ngh trong st xp
c sn xut bng s hon nguyn ca qung st hoc Oxyt
st khc khng xy ra pha lng nhit di im chy
ca vt liu cng vi cc cht hon nguyn th rn, lng hoc
kh
Sn phm ca cng ngh DR c gi l st xp (Sponge
iron) hay st hon nguyn trc tip (DRI) hoc st ng bnh
nng (HBI). Chng thng c s dng thay th thp ph
i vi cng ngh luyn thp l in.
Hon nguyn trc tip
Trong qu trnh hon nguyn Oxyt st thnh st xp hay
st hon nguyn trc tip (DRI), hu ht tng lng Oxy
trong Oxyt st s c kh b khi qung st trng
thi rn.
Sn phm ca qu trnh hon nguyn c mc kim
loi ha cao.
Mc kim loi ha c nh ngha l thnh phn st
kim loi Fe / tng lng st c trong Oxyt st 100%
DRI c t chc t ong khi nhn di kinh hin vi, do
vy ngi ta thng gi l st xp (st xp rn c nhiu
l rng)
kh b Oxy t Oxyt st (hay qu
trnh hon nguyn), ngi ta s dng
cht hon nguyn bng than
hoc kh thin nhin.
11
inh ngha v st xp (DRI)
Sn phm dng cc xp hay dng bt, thu c th rn trc tip t
qung st hon nguyn bng cacbon th rn hay kh CO, H
2
, trong l quay
hay l ng, l tng si, v.v., ti nhit khng qu 1100C. Phi dng
qung st giu (Fe trn 65%) mi thu c st xp cht lng cao (Fe
khng di 90%), v t chay (SiO
2
, Al
2
O
3
, vv.) trong qung st li hon
ton trong st xp. T l Fe kim loi/Fe tng trong st xp cht lng cao
c th ti 90 - 95%. Hm lng lu hunh (S) trong st xp thng t
di 0,05%. st xp dng cc hay dng bnh p c dng ch yu
thay th ti 80% thp ph trong phi liu l in luyn thp.
12
Nguyn l c bn
Oxt kim loi (MO) khi phn ng vi cht hon nguyn (R) di
iu kin thch hp s gii phng ra kim loi (M) v oxt cht
hon nguyn (RO) nh sau:
MO + R = M + RO

Trong lnh vc gang thp:
oMO Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4,
FeO.
oR CO, H
2
, CO+H
2
v C.


G
i

E
l
l
i
n
g
h
a
m


Nguyn l c bn
Cc giai on hon nguyn oxit st
Hon nguyn oxt st (Fe
2
O
3
) bng kh CO
hoc H
2
xy ra qua 3 giai on nh sau:

Phn ng ha hc, hiu ng nhit ca phn
ng, nng lng t do ca phn ng v t l
CO/CO
2
hoc H
2
/H
2
O trong kh c biu
th gin Fe-C-O


1 2 3
2 3 3 4
Fe O Fe O e e
GD GD GD
F O F
Gin cn bng Fe-C-O
Gin cn bng Phn ng
Boudouard
S hon nguyn ca oxit st
bng C rn xy ra theo 2 bc:
(1) Kh ha cacbon thnh kh CO.
C + O
2
= CO
2

CO
2
+ C = 2CO
(2) Hon nguyn oxit st bng kh CO mi sinh ra.
C ch hon nguyn
1.Khuch tn ca kh hon nguyn qua
lp bin
2.Khuch tn kh hon nguyn qua lp l
xp
3.Khuch tn kh hon nguyn qua lp Fe
n lp FeO
4.Phn ng bin pha gia FeO v kh
hon nguyn
5.Khuch tn sn phm phn ng t lp
Fe ra ngoi
6.Khuch tn sn phm phn ng t lp
xp ra ngoi
7.Khuch tn sn phm kh ra ngoi lp
bin
Phn ng hon nguyn:
3Fe
2
O
3
+ CO = 2Fe
3
O
4
+CO
2

Fe
3
O
4
+ CO = FeO + CO
2

FeO + CO = Fe + CO
2


Kh ha Cc-bon
C + O
2
= 2 CO
Phn gii cht bc than
Than C + cht bc
M hnh ng hc
Phng trnh
Giai on
ng hc
1 (1 )
1
3
= kt Ha hc
(1 ) = kt
Ha hc
1 1
1
3

= kt
Khuch tn
1
2
3
f 1
2
3
=
Khuch tn
k [ 1
2
3
f 1
2
3
] + D/

1 1
1
3
=
Hn hp
E. DONSKOI, D.L.S. McELWAIN, and L.J. WIBBERLEY, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS
TRANSACTIONS B, VOLUME 34B, APRIL 2003255
16
1
2
3
4
III. Hon nguyn qung vin
-xt st trn nn than
17
L bung:
o Nhit ln n1200C.
o iu khin v gim st
nhit Arduino.
o Tc nng nhit
10C/pht
Chu trnh nng nhit
Thit b th nghim
L bung hon nguyn
s dng b iu khin nhit Arduino
850, 950 v 1050C
18
Thit b th nghim
Thit b v vin
qung ti
Cc gm ng mu
40*50*60
Cn in t
30gr/0.001gr
19
Qung Ma-nh-tt Thng Long




Qung st Ma-nh-tt c s dng l qung st Thng Cu
Ph Th c cng ty C Phn Khong Sn v Luyn Kim Thng
Long khai thc v cung cp cho nh my luyn gang Ha Pht
Chun b nguyn liu
Thnh phn ha hc qung st (%)
Fe SiO
2
Al
2
O
3
CaO MgO Mn S P
60.83 12.97 0.26 0.59 0.48 0.16 - 0.03
20
Chun b nguyn liu (tip)
Than Antraxit

Than antraxit s dng l than cm A3 (kch thc 3mm) c cung cp t
m than antraxit Qung Ninh.
Than cc vn

Than cc vn s dng l than cc c sn xut t nh my luyn gang thp
Ha Pht ( kch thc 3mm ) vi ngun than m nhp ti m than Phn M -
Thi Nguyn
C c nh tro, A Cht bc, V Lu hunh
80 11.27 6.62 0.6
C c nh tro, A Cht bc, V
75 18.62 1.29
Chun b nguyn liu (tip)
Thnh phn bentonite t chay



Bentonite c cung cp t nh my luyn gang thp Ha Pht
s dng v vin qung (2%) nhm tng bn cho qung vin
nh kh nng kt dnh.
Thnh phn ha hc bentonite t chay (%)
SiO
2
Al
2
O
3
Fe
2
O
3
MgO CaO Na
2
O

K
2
O

TiO
2
P
2
O
5
C S
65.9 21.5 4.46 2.82 1.63 2.69 0.56 0.24 0.06 0.51 0.37
Quy trnh th nghim

Qung mn c v vin vi ng knh 5mm, 10mm,
15mm s dng 2% bentonite.
Sy qung vin ti 110C trong 3h nhm kh m
dnh.
Nung oxy ha qung vin ti 1200C trong 2h ng
rn v chuyn 100% Fe v dng Fe
2
O
3
.
Tin hnh cn khi lng mu tin hnh th nghim
hon nguyn.

Chun b cc mu:
6 cc nung mu: ng
vi 6 mc thi gian
15, 30, 45, 60, 90 v
120 pht.
Xc nh trng lng
cc vin qung.
Chun b cc nung theo
cc bc nh hnh bn.

Quy trnh th nghim (tip)
Chun b cc nung mu th nghim
Qung
vin

Than

Bt sa
mt
24
Quy trnh th nghim (tip)
Nng nhit trong l 10C
n nhit kho st.
Ly ln lt cc cc nung
theo thi gian t khi l t
nhit kho st.
ngui v tin hnh cn
khi lng v ghi vo bng
s liu.
Mc ch ca n
Nghin cu c s l thuyt phn ng hon
nguyn v cc m hnh ng hc qu trnh
hon nguyn ca vt liu c xp cao.
Xc nh cc thng s ng hc ca qu trnh
hon nguyn qung vin vi cc kch thc 5;
10; 15mm s dng than antraxit.
Mc hon nguyn ca qung vin.
K-hng s tc phn ng.
E- Nng lng hot ha.
So snh kh nng hon nguyn ca cc loi
than.

IV. Kt qu th nghim
27
C s tnh ton

Mc hon nguyn: %Hon nguyn =


100
Hm lng -xy trong qung: C 100g qung ta c 84g Fe
3
O
4
.Sau khi cho thm 2%
bentonite ve vin, mFe
3
O
4
=84 x 0.98=82.32g do khi lng oxy l
= 82.32
16 x 4
56 x 3 + 16 x 4
= 22.71
Trong qu trnh nung thiu ti 1200C, Fe
3
O
4
chuyn thnh Fe
2
O
3
.Cho rng ch c khi lng
oxy tng sau khi thiu, Khi lng qung vin tng l :
= 82.3
16
464
= 2.84
T y ta tnh c phn trm -xy trong qung vin sau thiu -xy ha l :
% =
22.71+2.84
100+2.84
= 24.84%


Kt qu th nghim
29
Mc hon nguyn qung vin 5mm

Mc hon nguyn qung vin 5mm
Kt qu th nghim (tip)
Xc nh hng s k cho qung vin 5mm

0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8


850
o
C
950
o
C
1050
o
C
1
-
(
1
-
f
)
1
/
3
Thi gian (pht)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
1
2
3
4
5


850
o
C
950
o
C
1050
o
C
-
l
n
(
1
-
f
)
Thi gian (pht)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7


850
o
C
950
o
C
1050
o
C
[
1
-
(
1
-
f
)
1
/
3
]
2
Thi gian (pht)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3


850
o
C
950
o
C
1050
o
C
1
-
2
/
3
f
-
(
1
-
f
)
2
/
3
Thi gian (pht)
1 2
3 4
Nhn thy m hnh (3) l m hnh
ph hp nht cho qung vin 5mm
vi phng trnh ng hc l :
(1 1
1
3
)
2
=

2

y l m hnh ng ha ht xp theo
ng hc khuch tn.
T y xc nh c hng s k l:

Nhit , C Hng s tc phn
ng, k
850
1.04*10
-3

950
2.6*10
-3

1050
5.76*10
-3

Kt qu th nghim (tip)
31
Mu qung vin 10mm

0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
20
40
60
80
100


850
o
C
950
o
C
1050
o
C
M

h
o

n

n
g
u
y

n

(
%
)
Thi gian (pht)
Mc hon nguyn qung vin 10mm
0 50 100
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5


850
o
C
950
o
C
1050
o
C
[
1
-
(
1
-
f
)
1
/
3
]
2
Thi gian (pht)
Biu din th [

~Kt
Nhit , C Hng s tc phn ng, k
850 0.53*10
-3

950 1.75*10
-3

1050 4.13*10
-3

Hng s tc phn ng k
Kt qu th nghim (tip)
32
Mu qung vin 15mm

Mc hon nguyn qung vin 15mm
Biu din th [

~Kt
Nhit , C Hng s tc phn ng, k
850 0.24*10
-3

950 1.34*10
-3

1050 2.76*10
-3

Hng s tc phn ng k
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
20
40
60
80
100


850
o
C
950
o
C
1050
o
C
M

h
o

n

n
g
u
y

n

(
%
)
Thi gian (pht)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35


850
o
C
950
o
C
1050
o
C
[
1
-
(
1
-
f
)
1
/
3
]
2
Thi gian (pht)
Kt qu th nghim (tip)
33
Mu qung vin s dng than cc vn ti 1050C

Mc hon nguyn qung vin s dng than cc vn
Biu din th [

~Kt
ng knh, mm Hng s tc phn ng, k
15mm 0.69*10
-3

10mm 2.26*10
-3

5mm 3.83*10
-3

Hng s tc phn ng k
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
0
20
40
60
80
100


5mm
10mm
15mm
M

h
o

n

n
g
u
y

n

(
%
)
Thi gian (pht)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8


5mm
10mm
15mm
[
1
-
(
1
-
f
)
1
/
3
]
2
Thi gian (pht)
Kt qu th nghim (tip)
34
Mu qung vin s dng than cm A3 ti 1050C

Mc hon nguyn qung vin s dng than cm A3
Biu din th [

~Kt
ng knh, mm Hng s tc phn ng, k
15mm 2.76*10
-3

10mm 4.13*10
-3

5mm 5.76*10
-3

Hng s tc phn ng k
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
20
40
60
80
100


5mm
10mm
15mm
M

h
o

n

n
g
u
y

n

(
%
)
Thi gian (pht)
0 50 100
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8


5mm
10mm
15mm
[
1
-
(
1
-
f
)
1
/
3
]
2
Thi gian (pht)
Kt qu th nghim (tip)
35
Mu qung vin s dng than ci ti 1050C

Mc hon nguyn qung vin s dng than ci
Biu din th [

~Kt
ng knh, mm Hng s tc phn ng, k
15mm 3.31*10
-3

10mm 7.41*10
-3

5mm 7.77*10
-3

Hng s tc phn ng k
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
20
40
60
80
100


5mm
10mm
15mm M

h
o

n

n
g
u
y

n

(
%
)
Thi gian (pht)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9


5mm
10mm
15mm
[
1
-
(
1
-
f
)
1
/
3
]
2
Thi gian (pht)
Kt qu th nghim (tip)
Hng s tc phn ng ti cc nhit khc nhau



Xy dng th biu din phng trnh xc nh nng lng hot ha.
Nhit , C
Hng s tc phn ng, k
Mu 5mm Mu 10mm Mu 15mm
850 1.04*10
-3
0.53*10
-3
0.24*10
-3

950 2.6*10
-3
1.75*10
-3
1.34*10
-3

1050 5.76*10
-3
4.13*10
-3
2.76*10
-3

7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0
-8.5
-8.0
-7.5
-7.0
-6.5
-6.0
-5.5
-5.0


5mm
10mm
15mm
l
n
K
10^4/T
Kch thc,
mm
Nng lng
hot ha, kJ
15mm 183.85
10mm 156.48
5mm 134.29
Kt qu th nghim (tip)
Phn tch thnh phn pha
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
50
100
150
200
250
300


I
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
a
.
u
.
)
2 Theta (deg.)
Fe
3
O
4
Fe
2
O
3
SiO
2
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500


I
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
a
.
u
.
)
2 Theta (deg.)
Fe
2
O
3
SiO
2
Mu XRD ca mu qung st ban u. Mu XRD ca mu cu vin nung Oxy ha 1200C, 2h
Mu qung ban u (dng bt mn) c cha ch
yu l : Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
v SiO
2

Khi nung -xy ha qung v vin ban u ti
1200C trong 2h kt qu phn tch cho thy hu
ht Fe
3
O
4
b -xy ha thnh Fe
2
O
3
v SiO
2
cn li khng b chuyn ha
Kt qu th nghim (tip)
Phn tch thnh phn pha
Mu XRD ca cu vin 10mm hon nguyn ti nhit
950C trong 15 pht
Mu XRD ca cu vin 10mm hon nguyn ti nhit
950C trong 90 pht
Sau 15 pht hon nguyn ti 950C, qung vin
phn tch cho thy phn ln -xt chuyn thnh
Fe
3
O
4
,FeO v Fe.
Sau 90 pht hon nguyn ti 950C cho thy hu
ht pha kim loi nhn c trong qung cu vin
thnh phm l Fe
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
50
100
150
200
250


I
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
a
.
u
.
)
2 Theta (deg.)
Fe
FeO
SiO
2
Fe
3
O
4
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
100
200
300
400
500


I
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
a
.
u
.
)
2 Theta (deg.)
Fe
SiO
2
Kt qu th nghim (tip)
Phn tch hm lng st
Phn tch hm lng st ca qung vin 10mm hon nguyn ti 950C

Ch hon nguyn Hm lng Fe, % Mc kim loi ha, %
Cu vin 10mm, 950C, 15 pht
31.91 46.41
Cu vin 10mm, 950C, 30 pht
38.74 54.98
Cu vin 10mm, 950C, 60 pht
61.73 81.05
Cu vin 10mm, 950C, 90 pht
69.24 88.76
(kt qu nhn c t phng php phn tch ha hc ti PTN C5-211)
V. Kt lun
40
Kt lun
Kt qu th nghim hon nguyn qung vin 5, 10, 15mm vi cc nhit
kho st khc nhau trn nn than cm A3 cho thy:
- Tng nhit lm tng mc hon nguyn
- Tng thi gian gi nhit lm tng mc hon nguyn. Mc hon
nguyn tng nhanh trong 45 pht u v tng chm dn nu ko di thi gian gi
nhit.
Kt qu th nghim hon nguyn qung vin ti 1050C s dng cc loi than
khc nhau cho thy :
- Hot tnh v cht bc ca than cng cao th tc hon nguyn cng ln
Phn tch thnh phn pha cho thy : 15 pht u phn ln -xt l Fe
3
O
4
,
FeO, Fe v cc -xyt khc. Sau 90 pht, sn phm cn li ch c pha kim loi
Fe v -xt Silic
Kt lun (tip)
Cc thng s ng hc ca qu trnh hon nguyn tun theo c ch ng
hc khuch tn vi phng trnh (1 1
1
3
)
2
~, vi hng s k
nhn c nh sau:



Gi tr nng lng hot ha tng ng vi qung vin vi cc kch thc
5, 10, 15mm l 134.29, 156.48, 183.85 kJ cho bit qu trnh hon nguyn
thuc min ng hc.
Mc kim loi ha ca qung vin 10mm sau khi hon nguyn ti
950C trong 15, 30, 60, 90 pht tng ng l: 46.41, 54.98, 81.05, 88.76%
Nhit , C
Hng s tc phn ng, k
Mu 5mm Mu 10mm Mu 15mm
850 1.04*10
-3
0.53*10
-3
0.24*10
-3

950 2.6*10
-3
1.75*10
-3
1.34*10
-3

1050 5.76*10
-3
4.13*10
-3
2.76*10
-3

43