Ngi trnh by: NGUYN THY QUNH

TRUNG TM QUAN TRC MI TRNG, TCMT

CC HNG DN XY DNG
BO CO QUAN TRC
(P DNG CHO S LIU QUAN TRC MANUAL)
GII THIU CHUNG
Bo co quan trc l sn phm cui, vi yu cu
truyn ti thng tin v cht lng mi trng quan trc
c trong ton b t/ chng trnh quan trc .
V nguyn tc, bo co cn m bo tnh khoa hc,
ngn gn, tng minh v cung cp cc thng tin
Tin cy, chnh xc cao;
nh gi c cht lng mi trng ni tin
hnh quan trc.
NI DUNG
Bo co quan trc c xy dng da trn 5
bc:
Thu thp s liu;
X l s liu th;
Biu din s liu
Phn tch, nh gi cht lng, chiu hng v
mc suy gim mi trng;
Bin son ni dung bo co.
THU THP S LIU
Ngun s liu: L cc kt qu quan trc theo
tng t, trn c s chng trnh quan trc
c Tng cc Mi trng ph duyt.
nh dng d liu:
Hu ht cc s liu u c lu gi di dng cc
file my tnh;
Lu tr trong phn mm & CSDL
X L S LIU TH
Quy i v iu kin chun (v d i vi mu kh: Quy
i th tch kh v 25
o
C)
Quy i n v o:
i vi mu kh: tn ti 02 n v o: ppm (theo th
tch) v mg/m3
i vi nc, t v cht thi rn: ppm tng ng
mg/L, mg/kg.
Lm trn s:
Quy trn xung hay gim
Quy trn ln hay quy trn tng
Da vo con s c ngha, v d: cn 10
-4
g, gi tr
ca SS vi n v mg/l khng th c hai s l
Da vo gi tr ca cc thng s trong QCVN
X L S LIU TH
Kim sot s liu thng qua mi quan h gia
cc thng s
Quan h DO nhit :
Quan h hm lng S
2-
hm lng kim loi nng:
Quan h pH hm lng kim loi nng:
Quan h dn in - TDS: TDS/EC = 0.55 0.7
Quan h c SS: t l thun vi nhau
Quan h t l nghch gia DO BOD
5
(DO ln =>
BOD
5
nh)
Quan h COD BOD
Gi tr ca NO
2
-
trong nc mt bao gi cng nh
hn NO
3
-
Khi o pH, DO, dn in: bt buc phi xc
nh nhit
BIU DIN S LIU
Biu :
Biu din bin theo thi gian: Biu nh gi
din bin cc thng s nhim theo thi gian v so
snh vi QCVN
Biu so snh theo khng gian
Bng thng k
S / bn phn b nhim
S dng cc ch s cht lng mi trng
(AQI v WQI)
Din bin ca cc thng s trong ngy
Tng quan
chui s liu vi
mt s yu t:
NO
2
, 5/2003
10
20
30
40
0 6 12 18 24
Biu : Din bin NO
2
trong ngy
Din bin ca cc thng s trong nm
Nng trung bnh
thng ca O
3
nm
2009
0
20
40
60
T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12
O3 g/ m3
0
2
4
6
8
10
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12
S ngy vt tiu chun 24 gi
S ngy NOx vt
QCVN 24h ti Trm
Lng (s liu mang
tnh minh ho)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
TP. H Ch Minh Lng - H Ni Ph Lin - Hi
Phng
Nng
U
g
/
m
3
2003
2004
2005
2006
TCVN 5937-2005
So snh mc nhim cc thng s gia cc nm
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
8
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
8
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
8
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
8
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
8
Khu D.c L Thnh
Tng - Qung Ninh
Khu D.c NamThnh
Cng - H Ni
Ttrng PTTH
Nguyn Tri -
Nng
Khu du lch Cu
Ngang - Li Thiu -
Bnh Dng
p Bnh To - Bnh
c - Tin Giang
SO2 mg/m3
Hm lng SO
2
TB nm
trong khng kh xung quanh
ca mt s khu dn c
Din bin PM
10
trung bnh
nm ti mt s thnh ph t
2003 2006
0
10
20
30
40
50
Hip Ho, Bc Giang Yn Dng, Bc Giang TamGiang, Bc Ninh Vn An, Bc Ninh
mg/l
2006
2007
2008
QCVN (A1)
QCVN (B2)
Mc nhim cc thng s theo thi gian
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
Cu Gia
By
Cu Tr
Vn
Cu Vt Cu Th
Cu
Phc Lc
Phng
Vn Phc Ho
Long
Hng
Lm
Yn Dng
mg/l t 1
t 2
t 3
t 4
t 5
t 6
TCVN 5942-1995, B
Gi tr COD qua Bc Giang, Bc
Ninh giai on 2006 - 2008
Hm lng Du m sng Cu
nm 2008
Ch ra xu hng bin i hm
lng cc cht theo tng t
Ct X th hin v tr quan trc;
Ct Y th hin thang dao
ng nng cc cht
Dng biu : ng hoc
ct
Din bin cc thng s theo khng gian
Mc ch: ch ra dao ng nng nhim gia cc khu vc (dc
sng, khu vc chu nh hng cc hot ng KTXH...)
Distanc e(km)
25 20 15 10 5
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Din bin DO dc
sng Th Vi
thng 8/2008 v
thng 3/2009 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Cu
Mai
Lnh
Ba Th Cu T
Tiu
Cu
Qu
Trm
Bm
Thanh
Nn
Cu
Hng
Ph
Cu
Phao
Kin
Kh
Thanh
Tn
Trung
Hiu H
Xi mng
Vit
Trung
Gin
Khu
Khnh
Ph
Yn Tr c B
Mi
Thng
Kim
Ca
y
mg/l
T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9-1 T9-2 TB QCVN08:2008,B1
Gi tr COD dc sng y
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00
9,00
10,00
Cng Lin
Mc
Phc La C Cu Chic ng Quan Cng Thn Cng Nht
Tu
Kiu Cu Hng
Ph
mg/l
2007
2008
QCVN 08:2008 (A1)
QCVN 08:2008 (B1)
Gi tr BOD
5
dc sng Nhu
Kt hp khng gian v thi gian biu din thng s
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Khu dn c -
TP. HCM(*)
Trc giao
thng - TP.
HCM(**)
Lng - H
Ni
HXD - H
Ni
Ph Lin -
Hi Phng
Nng
g/m
3
2003
2004
2005
2006
TCVN 5937-2005
Din bin nng NO
2
trung bnh nm
Din bin nng
TSP ca mt s th
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
Ng t Kim
Lin-Gii
Phng (HN)
Ph L
Quc S
(HN)
Ng t
Hng Xanh
(Tp. HCM)
inh Tin
Hong -
in Bin
Ph (Tp.
HCM)
Ng t An
Sng (TP.
HCM)
Ng ba Hu
( Nng)
ng
Nguyn
Vn Linh
(Hi Phng)
Ch ng
Ba (Hu)
Ph L
Thnh
Tng (H
Long)
ng
CMT8 (Thi
Nguyn)
Ng t Tam
Hip (Bin
Ha)
mg/m
3
2002 2003
2004 2005
2006 TCVN 5937-2005 (TB-1h)
TCVN 5937-2005 (TB-24h)
BIU DIN S LIU DNG BNG
T l s ln quan trc c nng
TSP trung bnh 1 gi vt
TCVN Hi Phng, Nng v
Hu t 2002-2006
[1]
Thnh
ph V tr quan trc 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Hi Phng
Cnh KCN Qun Toan - - 67% 100% 67%
Cnh Nh my xi mng c 100% 100% - - -
ng Nguyn Vn Linh - - 100% 100% 100%
ng Nguyn Bnh Khim 100% 100% - - -
Khu dn c Phng Vn
M
0% 33% 0% 0% 33%
ng giao thng cnh
khch sn Ngi Sao
17% 50% 83% 50% 0%
Trung bnh 54% 71% 63% 63% 33%
Hu
Nh my xi mng Long
Th
100% 33% 67% 50% 67%
Khu dn c h Tnh Tm 17% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Khu dn c n Nam Giao 0% 17% 0% 0% 0%
Trung bnh 39% 17% 22% 17% 22%
Nng
Chn o Hi Vn 0% 0% 25% 0% 0%
ng giao thng gn
trng Nguyn Tri
25% 40% 45% 50% 71%
ng giao thng gn nh
ht Trng Vng
50% 60% 55% 38% 50%
Ng ba Hu 100% 80% 100% 100% 96%
Trung bnh 50% 45% 56% 47% 54%
S phn b nhim
Mt s cch khc th hin kt qu quan trc khng kh
S phn b nng SO
2
TP H Ni
Mt s cch khc th hin kt qu quan trc nc
Xy dng bn phn b vng
nhim
BIU DIN BNG CH S CHT LNG MT
S dng ch s cht lng khng kh (AQI) v ch
s cht lng nc (WQI)
S dng mu sc tng ng vi cc thang o
cht lng mi trng
S dng ch s AQI phn nh nh hng cht
lng khng kh ti cng ng
Khong
gi tr AQI
Cht lng
khng kh
nh hng sc khe Mu
0 50 Tt Khng nh hng n sc khe Xanh
51 100 Trung bnh Nhm nhy cm nn hn ch thi gian
bn ngoi
Vng
101 200 Km Nhm nhy cm cn hn ch thi gian
bn ngoi
Da
cam
201 300 Xu Nhm nhy cm trnh ra ngoi. Nhng
ngi khc hn ch bn ngoi

Trn 300 Nguy hi Mi ngi nn trong nh Nu
S S d d ng ng ch ch s s WQI WQI nh nh gi gi ch ch t t l l ng ng n n c c
Gi tr WQI Mc nh gi cht lng nc Mu
91 - 100
S dng tt cho mc ch cp nc sinh
hot
Xanh nc bin
76 - 90
S dng cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot
nhng cn cc bin php x l ph hp
Xanh l cy
51 - 75
S dng cho mc ch ti tiu v cc mc
ch tng ng khc
Vng
26 - 50
S dng cho giao thng thy v cc mc
ch tng ng khc
Da cam
0 - 25
Nc nhim nng, cn cc bin php x
l trong tng lai

BIN SON NI DUNG BO CO
i vi s liu quan trc manual c 2 loi
bo co:
Bo co quan trc t;
Bo co quan trc nm.
Khung cu trc 2 loi bo co
Xin chn thnh cm n!