7

Inside front cover

Avjvn& cw_exZ Bmjvg cvwVqQb eevi AmsL bex-imyji

gvag| KvivY ejQ, mB KZvei Abymvixiv cZKeviB
mjvK b KiQ| m-RbB `ywbqvq bexRxK AvmZ nqQ,
KvivYK AvmZ nqQ my ggevYx wbq t (1) KvivY aygv
Dc`ki KZveAvbvg 90, (2) Avjvn& mymsev`-`vZv I
fxwZc`kK eZxZ Ab Kvb KvR cqM^i cvVvb bvAvbvg 48, Ges
(3) Bmjvg Rvi-Rei`w bvBmyiv evKviv 256| Gjv wewQb
AvqvZ bq, Gjv ARm AvqvZ viv mgw_Z KvivYi ggevYx|
Avgiv cyiliv bvixi Rb hy Kwi, asm Kwi, Lyb Kwi, Avevi
AvZnZvI Kwi| bvixi bvg Avgiv ZvRgnj evbvB, h nq gN`~Z
cvVvB| bvixi wein Mvb-MRj-KweZvq mvivivZ RM _vwK, I`i
Luvcvq civB Zvivi dzj| wK bvixK msmvi-mgvR-AvBb-weavbmsMVb mgvb AwaKvi w`B bv| bvix gvbylK Rb `q, Rb `q beximyjK, Rb w`Z giI hvq KLbv, Rxebi ewki fvM evSv eq
wK Zvi cwZ`vb Zv `~ii K_v, ^xKwZI cvq bv| mgvRK,
mswZK, cvkvKK, Lv`K, mvwnZK, ivK, AvBbK Avi agK
Avgiv wPiKvj Lye PvjvwKi mv_ KvR jvwMqwQ bvixi kixi Avi
mw Kvq ivLevi Rb| Avgiv eywSwb, RxebUv Avmj bvix-cyil
wgj gayi GK Z-mxZ| Rxeb h nZ cviZv wcqwkl jwjZ
Kjvwea, ^Mv`wc Mixqmx Rbbx Avi ngqx fwMbx ZvK agi bvg
`ygo gyPo cvqi bxP wcl wcl AvR Avgiv cyiliv `vbei
gZv GKv nq MwQ|
c-cvwL-gvQiv c-cvwL-gvQ nqB Rbvq wK gvbyl nq DVZ
gvbylK AbK mvabv KiZ nq| G-eBZ `Lvbv njv wKfve
Bmjvgi Aceenvi Ki KvivY-weivax, bvix-weivax, I gvbeZvweivax GK fqi AvZNvZx Ac`kb cwZv Kiv nQ|
9

nvmvb gvngy`
wWii, kvwiqv j - gymwjg KvbvwWqvb KsMm ;
mnhvMx m`m, Iqv gymwjg KsMm |
AvgwiKv I BDivc AbK AvRvwZK Kb&dvi, mwgbvi, iwWI
Ges Uwjwfkb Bmjvg gvbevwaKvi-Gi cev|
cKvwkZ eB t
Avj fuv`oi `k|
kvwiqv wK kvwiqv Kb|
_U Ae& cwjwUKvj Bmjvg (BsiwR) h|
kvwiqvi Ici Z_ wmbgv wnjv I
Z_ bvUK wewea weavb|
kvwiqv-welqK 2wU Z_ wfwmwW
(evsjv I BsiwR)|

eZgvb KvbvWvi vqx evwm`v|

Avjvni KvivY I Zuvi imyji wb`k KLbv gvbeZv-weivax ev

gvbe-Kki KviY nZ cvi bv| kvwiqv ev Bmjvwg AvBbi bvg
10

gvbeZv-weivax h-me AvBbKvbyb Bmjvg Abycek KiQ Zv

KLbv KvivY-mybvn& mZ bq| m-K_vUvB jLK ARm `wjji
wfwZ cgvY KiQb|
Avwidzj nK, wewk cvewK, bvU I mvswZK ewZ|

`wjj| Avgvi wekvm eBwU Avjvn& Ges BmjvgK eySvi

g~jevb mnvqK f~wgKv ivLe|
iwdKzj Bmjvg, AvRvwZK gvZfvlv w`emi ^vwcK I
icKvi, fvbKzfvi, KvbvWv|

GB eB Bmjvgi cwZ wbe`b, A_P wPvkxj GKwU gbi

cwZdjb, hvZ iqQ GKw`K Bmjvgi mygnvb Av`k I
g~jeva Avi Abw`K Bmjvgi bvg bvbviKgi ixwZ, c_v I
AvBbi ga `ytLRbK eveZvi eeavb Zzj aivi AvwiK
cqvm|
Wt Igi dviK, Bmjvwg wPvwe`, Avcvi AvBIqv wekwe`vjq,
AvgwiKv|
Bmjvgi bvg gvbyli Ici AZvPvi I Bmjvg-weKwZi wei
GB eB `wjje ev|
Ave`yj Mvd&dvi Payix, jb cevmx Kjvg jLK I
mvwnwZK-mvsevw`K|
GKwU `xN AbycvwYZ eZvi gZ, AmvaviY ZR^x fwZ jLv
G-eBwU avwgK-AavwgK, gymjgvb-Amygjgvb, RvgvZ Bmjvwg,
Qvwkwei mn mKj ivRbwZK `ji bZv-Kgx, zj-KjR
GgbwK gv`vmvi Qv mn jLvcov Rvbv cZK gvbyli cov
DwPZ|
ejvj eM, wUwf-chvRK, Kjvg jLK I mvwnwZKmvsevw`K|
GB eBwUZ wZwb (jLK) KvVvgv bq Bmjvgi g~jevYxi w`K
`wcvZ KiQb| kvwiqvK eySvi Rb eBwU GKwU iZc~Y
11

12

ZZxq msiYi gyLe

`oeQi Bmjvg I kvwiqv-i `yUv msiY kl nq ZZxq msiY eiQ
Gi Rb Avjvni KvQ KZZv RvbvwQ| G-msiY wKQy b~Zb wbe I
`wjj `qv nj, MZ msiYi wKQy gy`Y I Abvb cgv`I mskvab Kiv nj|
KD G-eBq DZ Kvbv m~ `LZ PvBj dv b^i cvwVq `eb, Avwg
eB _K mB cvi dUvKwc dv Ki cvwVq `e| gvUvgywU me KZveB
Avgv`i KvQ AvQ|
G-eB wjLevi `iKvi nZv bv hw` Avgv`i Bmjvwg ivcxiv Avgv`i
AvjvPbvi cv e MnY KiZb Ges RvwZi mvgb Avgiv f`fve, kvwi
mv_, `wjjjv wbq AvjvPbv-evLv Kivi myhvM cZvg| `ki I
we`ki Bmjvwg ivcx bZv`i KvQ Avgiv eevi AvjvPbvi cv e
cvwVqwQ wewfb gvag wK Zuviv ivRx nbwb| Avgv`i imyj Kbv Kviv
AvjvPbvi cv e wdwiq `bwb, wK Zuviv w`qQb| Kb w`qQb Zv G-eB
huviv coeb Zuv`i KvQ nq hve| wK nIqvUvB h_ bq, Gi
Ici KvR Kiv cqvRb| Rxebi me bZZi `iKvi AvQ, agxq
I AvQ| m bZZ Avgv`i AvjgivB `eb| wK Zvi kZ nQ
Bmjvwg KZve _K g~jeva Ges gvbevwaKvi Zzj Gb RvwZi KvQ cuQ
`qv, Kvbv Rvi-Rei`w bq ev ivRbxwZi loh bq| AvBb w`q gvbylK
Rvi Ki bvgvR covbv hvq wK fvjgvbyl evbvbv hvq bv| eis gvbyli
ga g~jeva cwZwZ nj AvBb-Av`vjZ Awdm-KvQvwi cywjk-Kvg ivAvBb iwWI-wUwf GqvicvU-nvmcvZvj msev`c, A_vr Rxebi me mg~jeva cwZdwjZ ne| GUvB Bmjvgi ggevYx|
G-eB wPwebv`bi eB bq, G-eB Bmjvg gvbevwaKvii eB| Pvk
eQi ai bvixi Ici cyili evbvbv wbzi AvBb PjQ Bmjvgi bvg|
mvgb gyLwgw Dc`k Ges Avovj bvix weivax AvBb nj Gi Kkj|
Av`vjZ wPiKvj IB wgw Dc`k civwRZ nqQ bvix-weivax AvBbi
KvQ| dj bvixiv nqQb AcgvwbZ I asm, Ges Bmjvgi nqQ e`bvg|
Gi Aemvb nIqv cqvRb| miKvix bxwZ Zv AekB iZc~Y, wK cyiv
evcviUv miKvii nvZ Qo bv w`q MYPZbvi kwZ RbMYB AbKUv
GwMq hZ cvib|
Avgvi RvwZi vb-eyw I Dcjwi Ici Avgvi my`p Avv AvQ|
BwZnvm evievi we`kxiv eywgvb RvwZ ejQb Avgv`i| mB c~ecyil`i
i GLbv Avgv`i agbxZ cevwnZ nQ mB GKB eyw-Dcjwi kw
wbq| PMvg _K cvve Avgiv hvMZvi mv_ kvmb KiwQ `y`yevi,
Avgv`i mvgb Gm wcQy nU MQ wek-Rqx AvjKRvvi I Avhiv|
13

Avgv`i bvej AvQ, AvRvwZK gvZfvlv AvQ, AvQ knx`-wgbvi I

weRq| Avgv`i AvQ cwikgx RvwZ, mr KlK-kwgK-gyU gRyi`vKvb`vi| mB mv_ AvQ Avgv`i AwaKvi-mPZb m`v RvMZ bvixmgvR| GUv wVK h eZgvb Avgv`i `kUv mgmvi mvMi co MQ| wK
- evMvb nvK bv kZ, So Z-weZ, bvgnxb Kvbv dzj dzUeB | GUv
AgvN kwkvjx cvKwZK wbqg, GUv KD VKvZ cvie bv|
Avwg `pfve wekvm Kwi `ki gymjgvbK hw` kvwiqvi AvBbjv,
cUf~wg mn KvivYi AvqvZjv, Avi AvBb-cqvMi D`vniYjv wVKgZ
`Lvbv hvq Ze Zuviv wbqB Bmjvgi AivRbwZK cuvP i w`K wdi
Avmeb| mebvkv AvZNvZx c_ bv wMq kvwi c_ cv evovZ nj wekgymwjgi Rb Gi KvbB weK bB| RbZv KLbv loh Ki bv, Ki
gZvmxb kwai| c_g _KB hw` ivR-ivRoviv Bmjvgi bvg wmsnvmb
RuvwKq bv emZ, Pvi-Ljxdvi AbyKiY KiZ, Zvnj c_g wKQy Moeo njI
axi axi Zvj mvgwjq wbZ wek-gymjgvb| Ziv-Pvk eQii ivRZ Kg
mgq bq| Gfve wek-gymwjgK c_ Kivi kKo AvQ AZ Mfxi|
ZvB zj-KjRi wkv hvi hvB _vKzK, G-eBZ hv AvQ Zv Avgvi
eywgvb KvweK RvwZ wVKB eyS be GZ Avgvi we`ygv m`n bB| gvevbi AwaKvi wbq j eQii loh Avi AKvi GKUz GKUz Ki KvUZ
i KiQ| G Awfk APjvqZb GKw`b cyivUvB Lvb Lvb nq fO coe
Zvi wbRiB kZvx-mwZ gnvcvci fvi| mw`b GK b~Zb m~h Avh
weq `Le AZ Bmjvgi bvg KD Kviv Ici AZvPvi KiQ bv,
wbiciva AZvPvwiZvi mvgb weeZ nZ nQ bv BmjvgK, KvivYK Avi
imyjK| mw`b hw`b weki cyiliv Zv`i kZvxi wbhvwZZv evb`i
AbK Av`i eyK Zzj be, gywQq `e Zv`i Ak Avi ii `vM|
mw`b coe bv gvi cvqi wP GB evU| wK G eBqi ga Avgvi
Ab fQv iL Mjvg A-e-my-ivp-cy-ei`-mgZU-nwiKj-MoMvwiwWi GB cwe f~wgi AbvMZ mij cwikgx I Drdzj mvb`i Rb|
mevBK mvjvg|
nvmvb gvngy` 09 g, 38 gywmb (2008)
B-gj t BanglarIslam@gmail.com , Hasan.mahmud@hotmail.com

m~wPc
cv
Bmjvg I kvwiqv ........................................................ 16
14

mebvkv enwZ ........................................................ 17

cvnvj keix ........................................................... 22
Pvi e ................................................................. 26
bZZ I bxZ ......................................................... 32
wnjv weq I ZvrwYK ZvjvK ....................................... 38
gyiZv`-nZvi c wec .......................................... 43
kvwiqvi iRg (ci vNvZ gZz`) ................................. 50
kvwiqvq bvix-mvx ..................................................... 54
Bmjvg mxZ ........................................................... 57
Bmjvg x-cnvi ....................................................... 63
bvixi gymjgvwb .......................................................... 68
Bmjvg bvixi weevn-weQ`i AwaKvi ............................ 74
kvwiqv AvBbi D`vniY ............................................... 78
kvwiqv, kvwiqv AvBb I Avgv`i Bgvgiv ......................... 87
kvwiqvi Drm ............................................................. 92
AvBb AvBb weiva ................................................... 97
kvwiqv wK GLb APj ? ................................................ 100
kvwiqv wK AcwieZbxq ? .............................................. 103
Bmjvgi bvg Bmjvg jNbi cwZ .............................. 105
evLvi fqvenZv ........................................................ 110
cw_exi c_g MVbZ .................................................. 114
cvwKvbi kvwiqv evsjv`ki fwelr ........................ 124
kvwiqv AZxZi `wjj .............................................. 134
kvwiqv AvBb wK wek-gymwjg`i HwZn ? ........................ 138
kvwiqv Avjvi AvBb nj .............................................. 141
kvwiqvcx`i hyw .................................................... 144
agwbicZv ebvg agnxbZv....................................... 155
KvivY ................................................................... 160
Bmjvg wK, gymjgvb K .............................................. 162
kvwiqv Bmjvg .......................................................... 169
Dcmsnvi / Bmjvg bvix-AwaKvi I my wb`k .......... 172
jvevqK& ! .............................................................. 183

15

16

Bmjvg I kvwiqv
nvRvi eQii Ici nq Mj Bmjvg cPviK`i `qv kvwi Bmjvg w`q
Avgv`i c~ecyiliv Bmjvwg Rxeb KvwUqQb, Kviv mva nqwb G-K_v
ejvi h Zuviv gymjgvb wQjb bv ev Kviv Pq Kg gymjgvb wQjb| Zuviv
wbRivI KLbv ejbwb ewUki ivRZ gymjgvb _vKZ Zuv`i Kvb Amywea
nqQ| wK GLb evsjvq GK b~Zb aiYi Bmjvg kfve NuvwU Mo
emQ| Gi Abymvixiv wekvm Kib Bmjvwg iv bv nj cyivcywi Bmjvg
cvjb Kiv hve bv, Bmjvwg iv cwZv KiZB me bex-imyjiv `ywbqvq
GmwQjb, ivRbxwZ nj Bmjvgi AweQ` A, kvwiqv-AvBb nj Bmjvgi
cvY, kvwiqv-AvBb cwZvi mevZK Pv bv Kij Avjvn&K Lykx Kivi Avi
wK Dcvq AvQ Avwg Rvwb bv (gIjvbv gI`yw`) BZvw`|
GB Bmjvg Ges Avgv`i nRiZ wbRvgyxb AvIwjqv, gCbyxb wPkwZ,
kvnRvjvj, kvn gL`yg, kvn civY, nvRx `vbkg` evqRx` evvgxi
Bmjvgi bvg GK njI G-`yUv m~Y `yB aiYi BmjvgG`i ga
msNl AvQ| GKUv kvwiqv-wfwK ; AbUvq kvwiqv, iv, dZvqv G-me bB|
mywd-Bmjvgi AbK wKQyKB kvwiqv-Bmjvg AbmjvwgK I Bmjvg-weivax
gb Ki| m-RbB kvwiqv-Bmjvg mywd-BmjvgK AvNvZ Ki Ges kw
cjB m mywd-BmjvgK DQ` Ki `e| G wbq AvjvPbv Kiv `iKvi
KviY hv wKQy w`q Rxeb wbqwZ nq m-me wbq gvMZ AvjvPbvi `iKvi
AvQ hgb Ilya, `eg~j, iv, AvBb, Aciva, kvw, Av`vjZ, Lv`-Ilya
fRvj BZvw`| KviY G-jv w`q Rxeb gvbevwaKvi iv nq A_ev asm
nq| gvbevwaKvi Zv Kvb `i-KlvKwli evcvi bq, GgbwK agi bvgI
bq| ZvB cwZwU gvbyli `vwqZ `ywbqvi h-Kvb RvqMvi Abvqi cwZev`
Kiv| h-Kvb RvqMvq Abvq nj Zv me bvqi Ici gwK| ZvB Avgiv
evsjv`k em cvjvBb, Kvkxi, PPwbqv, RivUi gymwjg-wbabi
cwZev` Kwi, AvdMvwbvb-BivK AvgwiKv-eUbi nvgjv-MYnZvi cwZev`
Kwi|
Abvb agi gZ Bmjvgi bvgI wKQy AZvPvi wPiKvjB nqQ Zv mevB
^xKvi Kib| fyjUv KiQ gvbyl, Avi Zvi `vq coQ Bmjvgi Ici|
`wjj Rvbv bB ej mvaviY gvbyl G-AZvPvii cwZev` KiZ cvib bv|
ZvB Avwg g~j Bmjvwg KZve _K `yci wKQy `wjj `Lve hvZ RbMYi
gb wekvmi kw `p nq| gb ivLZ ne, gvbyl Zvi mvK Zz KiZ
17

hZ mvweKfve I hZ Djvmi mv_ gvbyli Ici wbziZv KiQ ZZUv m

Ab Kvb KviY Kiwb (cvj ?)| fviZi gw`i-iv, BDivci
MxRv-iv Zvi D`vniY| GBme mvi mbiv KLbvB gvbeZvi WvK mvov
`qwb, AZvPvwiZi e_v evSwb| I`iK me`vB ivxq AvBb I
MYivli KvjekvLx w`q DrLvZ KiZ nqQ| evsjvi Ckvb mB
KvjekvLxi gN GLb `Z Nbvqgvb| ZvB G-evcvi `wjjjv `Lvi
`iKvi AvQ|

mebvkv enwZ
wZ
enwZevi|
mB GmwQj GKevi, gacvP, mvo Zivkv eQi AvM| kZ mnm
eQi IB gv GKUv w`b, hv msLv nqI msLv bq| `wjji DjL hv
mebvkv enwZevi| nvRvi eQii `~iZ _K GLbv Rj `yPvL ZvwKq
AvQ wekgq gymjgvbi w`K| m gnv-Awfkvci nvZ _K cwivY bB
weki `okv KvwU gymjgvbi| GK _K `yB, `yB _K Pvi| Rxe
Kvli gZv kl ch 73 L wQbwfb nq MQ mek cqM^i (`t)-Gi
^c wek gymwjg vZZ|
wK nqwQj mw`b ? Kb GB enwZevii K_v ejZ wMq Kuc MQ
mvnvexi eyK ? Kvb& m wZi eyKdvUv e`bvq mwZ mwZ PvLi cvwbZ
gif~wgi cv_i wfwRqQb Beb Avevm ? K, Kviv mB bc_ bvqK hviv
BwZnvm _K wKQy NUbv, wKQy bvg, wKQy wb`k gyQ w`Z Pv KiQ ? bvNUv NUbv BwZnvm XywKq w`qQ ?
jvKi AvbvMvbv meY gmwR` bexi msjM nhiZ Avqkv (ivt)-Gi
Ni| Abvb x`i AbygwZ wbq mLvb iqQb Avjvn&i nvwee (ez)|
gZzkhvq kvwqZ| KZ K_v Zuvi gb ZLb| KZ KZ NUbv cQbi Zlw
eQi ! mB QvUejvq c Pivbv, niv cvnvoi nvq mvabv, mB e
we`viY, mB beyqZ cvw, mgvRi e we`c AZvPvi, mB Aeiva| mB
Zvqd, mB wnRiZ, e`i L`K I`, BvZ-KwVb mvnvex`i mB 98wU hy,
mB nv`vqweqv, mB evqvZ wiRIqvb| mB givR, mB we`vq nR| mB
cvYe ck Avwg wK gnvb Avjvn&i evYx Zvgv`iK cuQvZ ciwQ ? j
18

j Ki mB cvYe Reve wbqB, wbqB, Bqv imyjyjvn ! cwiZ

cqM^ii (`t) mB `ynvZ Zzj cv_bv Bqv Avjvn&, Zzwg mvx _vKv|
mB mvabv AvR mdj| cwZwZ nq MQ Bmjvwg `kb| wbRi i Mov
m` Rbvbv gqK evjyZ cuyZ djv RvZUv AvR RvgvZ bvgvR coQ|
GK Abi hZ wbQ| eRwbNvl Avjv AvKei vi msLvMwi ki
Ici Suvwcq coQ| civRq kUv Awfavb _K gyQ w`qQ|
wK Zey KuvUv weua _vK gb| Aj NwbqQ gN| Acv Ki AvQ
wnsmvi KvjbvM| Ir cZ AvQ gZvi ivRbxwZ| c`vi Avovj cZ nQ
bU-bwU| GK cv GK cv Ki GwMq AvmQ KvjekvLx| Zuvi GZ mvai,
GZ cwikgi mawek gymwjg vZZfPzi wQbwfb Ki a~jvq
gkvevi Rb m ecwiKi| KD Rvb bv, ay RbQb mB AwgZvbx|
weRq`x Bmjvgi mvgwiK `yal AMMwZ mevB `LQ| wK Zvi wfwc i
Ir cZ em AvQ h Kvjmvc, Zv wbfyj aiv coQ ay ZuviB Acwigq
axkwZ| ZvB wZwb DwM| Rxebi kl eQijvZ ZvB wZwb evKzj nq
KZevi KZfve my Av`k w`qQb Lei`vi, wbR`i ga gvivgvwi
LybvLywb Kie bv| mUv Kzdwi KvR| gb iLv, cZK gymjgvb Zvgvi
fvB| Zvi i Zvgvi Rb nvivg|
wdi ZvKvjb cqM^i (`t)| Nii ga jvKRb, wek mvnvexiv| Av`k
Kijb wjLevi mvR mivg wbq AvmZ| wKQy GKUv gb nqQ Zuvi| gyLi
K_v bq, GKevi wjL w`q hZ Pvb wZwb| wZwb ejjb hvZ Zvgiv
KLbv fyj c_ bv hvI (m~ `Lyb)| mgq Avi ewk bB| hv-wKQy kl
wb`k, iZc~Y Ges Riwi, Zv Gi gaB w`q hZ ne gymwjg DvK|
bv !
K ? wZ Nyi `uvovjb Nii mvnvexiv| K K_v ejQ ! H Zv, nhiZ
Igi (ivt)| Bmjvgi mevP mvnvex`i GKRb| cej AvcwZ mvRv nq
`uvwoqQb wZwb| cqM^i (`t)-K wjLevi mivg `qv hve bv| ivMi
cKvci Ici jLvjwL KiZ Mj kvixwiKfve Aviv K cveb| nRiZ
Igi ejjb, jLvjwLi `iKviB ev wK, KvivY kixdB Zv Avgv`i Rb
h_| AeavwiZ mg_K `uvwoq Mjb KqKRb| AeavwiZ wec `uvwoq
Mjb KqKRb| bex (`t) PqQb, Zv-B h_| KvMR w`ZB ne| K
ne wK ne bv Zv wePvi Kivi Zzwg K ? i nj wPrKvi, SMov, nMvj|
w`ZB ne KvMR| bv, `qv hve bv KvMR| wPrKvi| wPrKvii wei
wPrKvi| Amy cqM^i (`t)-Gi Ni, Zuvi PvLi mvgb| wPv Kiv hvq !
Agvb nq Mj cwe KviAvb Avjvi my Av`k bex (`t)-Gi Pq
DuPz Mjvq K_v bv ejZ| Zvnj mg Kg wbj nq hve Ges Zvgiv
UiI cve bv (myiv Avj RivZ AvqvZ 2)|
19

GiciB h `yUv NUbv NUjv Zv AZ Zvrchc~Y| gymjgvb`i wekRvov

mvgvwRK-agxq weeZb Gme NUbvi cfve Amvgvb| nMvj wei nq
bexRx (`t) ejjb mevBK Ni Qo ewiq hZ| wbtk ewiq Mjb
mevB| KD GKwUeviI ejjb bv h G-Aevq ZuvK Qo hvIqv wVK bq| Kb ?
wjwLZ wb`k Ggb wK Amywea wQj hv Ni Qo hvevi ejvq wQj bv ?
bv, Kvb Reve bB G cki|
Avi Zvici| KvMR Kjg `qv nj bv ej h wb`k jLv Mj bv, DbZi
Rb hvZ Zvgiv Kvbw`b c_ bv nI-Gi gZ Pig wb`k bv w`qB wK
Pj hveb mek cqM^i (`t) ? ZvB wK nq ? bv , nq bv| ZvB (m~
`Lyb) mB nMvji NUbvi ci, Ryi (`t) mevBK KvQ WvKjb| wZbU
wb`k w`jb| mvnvex ejQb bexRxi wb`k
Avie cwbbmyjv _K Agymjgvb`i mwiq w`Z ne|
Ab `ki `~Z-cwZwbwa`i wVK Zuvi `Lvbv D`vniY Abyhvqx mvb I
AvwZ_qZv `LvZ ne|
wZb b^iUv gb bB| fyj MwQ|
wK-C !! fyj MQb ?? h cqM^i (`t)-Gi mvgb kZevi Bqv imyjj
y v n& !
Avcbvi Rb Avgvi wcZvgvZv Kvievb ejQb mB imyjj
y v n& (`t)-Gi gv
wZbU K_vi GKUv fyj MQb ? mvaviY Aevq bq, gZzkhvi gv wZbU
wb`ki GKUv fyj MQb ! h Avcbv`i cP wZkw BwZnvm evievi
ckswmZ, h Avcbviv b b gyL iLwQjb wekvj KvivY kixd, mB
Avcbviv Rxebi mePq iZc~Y ewZi kl mgqi gv wZbU K_vi
GKwU fyj MQb ?
bv, Avcbviv fvjbwb| Kvb gvbyli c GUv fvjv meB bq| Kvb
GK gZvaii ^v_ mUv Avcbv`i fywjq `qv nqQ| gyL Zvjv jvwMq
`qv nqQ| Ryi (`t)-Gi gZz i ci kZ kZ eQii ivRbxwZjv, j
j gymjgvbi jvk, Kvevkixdi Rj Pv`i Avi fvv `qvj, ci ci wZb
Lwjdvi Lyb, Kvievjvi imvZ, igRvb gvm gymjgvb-gymjgvbi jovBhy, Gmei w`K ZvKvj h Kvb jvK eySZ cvie mZ fyj hvIqv
KvK ej|
hgb Avcbviv fyjQb mB wZbkv Rbi bvg-avgi ZvwjKv (evsjv
evLvix AvwRRyj nK, 1g L ct 267)| Avey nvivqiv (ivt) eYbv
KwiqvQb, wechq wekLjv mwKvix hZ `jcwZ `ywbqv kl nIqv ch
nBe, hvnvi `j gv wZbkZ ev wKQy ewk jvKI nBe Gic GKRb
`jcwZKI imyjj
y v n& (`t) ev` `b bvB| Hic cZKRbi bvg, Zvnvi
20

wcZvi bvg, Ges Zvnvi Mvi bvgI imyjyjvn& (`t) eqvb Kwiqv wMqvQb|
GgbB AmvaviY iZc~Y ZvwjKv Avgv`i w`q Mjb Avgv`i mek c_c`kK, mek ez cqM^i (`t)| GZ eo GKUv iZc~Y `wjj, wPwZ
ki ZvwjKv, mUv KvivY kixdi gZv `wjje nq cw_exgq Qovjv bv
Kb ? Kvb& m Mw`bmxb kwaii bvg m ZvwjKvq wQj ej, Zvi Amywea
ne ej m `wjj jywKq djv nqQ ? evsjv`ki RxebgiY gywhy
Kvb& Kvb& PbvgyLi bvg m ZvwjKvq _vKvi mvebv wQj ?
Kvbw`b, Avi Kvbw`bB m `wjj cvIqv hve bv| hgb cvIqv hve bv
GKvii gywhyi Avmj BwZnvm hw` evsjv`ki miKvwi gZvq Avj&e`i
_vK 1400 eQi| GwR`i evev gvweqv _K i Ki nvRvi eQi
LjvdZi bvg ivRZ KiQ ivRv-ev`kviv| ZLwb `iKvi nqQ BwZnvm
e`jvbvi| ZvB, Kvbw`b cvIqv hve bv Bmjvgi, gymjgvbi k mB
wZbkv gvbvdK`i ZvwjKv| Avi cvIqv hve bv mek imyj (`t)-Gi
AmvaviY iZc~Y mB wb`k hvnvZ Kvbw`b Zvgiv c_ bv nI,
mB mebvkv enwZevi| h wb`k wjLZ PqI wjLZ `Iqv nqwb|
ej hvIqvi ciI fyj hvIqv nqQ|
wK nZ cvi mB nvwiq hvIqv iZjv ?
cavb m~ t-

(1) mwn evLvwi evsjv Abyev` gIjvbv AvwRRyi nK (1g L ct 267)|

(2) mwn evLvwi BsiRx Abyev` gw`bv wekwe`vjqi Wt gvt gnmxb Lvb (1g L
nvw`m bs 114; 4_ L nvw`m bs 288 Ges 393)|

Abvb m~ t-

(3) Avkviv gvevkkviv gIjvbv Mixeyjvn Bmjvgvev`x|

(4) gZzi `yqvi gvbeZv gIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`|
(5) mybZ I we`qvZ gIjvbv gyn` Avyi iwng ct 47|
(6) Bmjvg I gymjgvbi BwZnvmi Abvb eB|

21

cvnvj keix
gif~wg|
ay-ay evjy, G-w`M _K I-w`M| D gacvP| kZ mnm eQi ai cP
gvZ `nb Rj-cyo QviLvi nq MQ Zvi gvwU| gvS-ga a~mi meyR
cvZvi KuvUvfiv wKQy evejv MvQ, ZYj| wKQy KxU-cZ| Avh ! w`K w`Mi
G-Rj gZzi gaI cej we`vn Iiv ai iLQ Rxebi wP| GiB bvg cvY|
kZ gZzi gvSI gv_v Zzj DV `uvovq| nvm, Kuv`, Ljv Ki| Avevi Pviavi
_K KvjbvwMbxi dYv Zzj Zvi Ici Suvwcq co gZz | cjKi Rb nvi gvb
Rxeb| Zvici mgq myhvM eyS ^Mx q wkgyLi wbgj nvwmZ Avevi DV
`uvovq, Avevi AjZ Ki ev aiYx| kvkZ GKUv evKvi M|
GwMq PjQ GKUv myLx Kvdjv| gw`bv _K PjQ wgkii w`K|
cwiZ Avie e`yBbi `j| wgkii bZzb Mfbi wnme Lwjdv nhiZ
Imgvb (ivt)-Gi ^vwiZ LjvdZi v jvMvbv wbqvMc wbq Kvdjv
mn PjQb mvnvwe gyn` (ivt)| c_g Lwjdv nhiZ AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi
Qj| mgqUv myweai bq| wekvj Bmjvwg iv| wgki _K BivK, wmwiqv
_K Bqgb, GLvb ILvb Nbxf~Z nQ Nb Kvjv gN| AvKvk Rg
DVQ mebvkv eR| Gi K_vB wK ej wMqwQjb mek cqM^i (`t)?
uwkqvi Ki w`qwQjb evi evi ? mveavb ! mveavb ! gymjgvb Zvgvi fvB|
Zvi i nvivg Zvgvi Rb| mveavb !
PjQ Kvdjv| wZmwi gwj cQb dj| wbqvMc nvZ b~Zb Mfbi
gyn` (ivt) fveQb, wgkii eZgvb Mfbi Ave`yjv n web mv` Zuvi
c`PzwZK wKfve beb| GB mB Ave`yjvn web mv`, whwb wQjb bexRxi
Iwn jLK, whwb Bmjvg Qo gyiZv` nq cvwjq wMqwQjb gvq| bexRx
ZuvK Kvb kvw `bwb| wZwb wK Lwjdvi wb`k gv_v cZ beb ? bvwK
GLvb ILvb a~gvwqZ nQ h wevf, Amvl, mB `j wMq hvM
`eb? hv w`bKvj coQ, KvDKB AvMi gZv fimv Ki DVZ cviv hvq
bv| Lvivc, Lye Lvivc mgq GLb|
`~i K H hvq ? GKjv GKUv DU GKv GKRb jvK ! GZ `Z Zv DU
Pvjvq bv KD ! `yi gif~wgZ GKv KD Gfve mvaviYZt hvZvqvZ Ki
bv| c_ nvivevi fq, Amy nevi fq| ai Avbv njv jvKUvK| cKU
_K eij Lwjdv nhiZ Imgvb (ivt)-Gi AviKwU mb`| wgkii eZgvb
22

Mfbi Avyjvn&i cwZ| ZvZ jLv AvQ, b~Zb Mfbii wbqvMc wbq
Zvgvi ILvb hvQ gyn`| cuQvgv ZvK hb nZv Ki djv nq| h
Kvb cwZev`KvixK Awej^ hb ew` Kiv nq| GUvZI Lwjdvi miKvix
v-gvni jvMvbv| GUvZI Lwjdv nhiZ Imgvb (ivt)-Gi ^vi|
cyiv Kvdjv AvKvk _K coj| Zvici cyiv AvKvkUvB hb ogyo Ki
fO coj Zv`i gv_vq| GZ eo wekvmNvZKZv ! GZ eo RNb cZviYv ! Avb
Rj Mj e`yBbi i| cwZkva cwZkva MRb cQb gw`bvi w`K QyUj
Kvdjv| c_ hvivB coQ mevBK `LvQ `y-`yUv Dv civqvbv| h-B
`LQ, Dbi gZv hvM w`Q Kvdjvq| gw`bvq hLb cuQj, z` Kvdjv
ZLb Rbmgy` ic wbqQ| z m mgy` mvBKvbi gZv Gm AvQo coj
gw`bvi c_ c_| ewiq Gjb bZe` nhiZ Avjx (ivt), nhiZ hyevqi
(ivt), nhiZ Zvj&nv (ivt) Ges Abvbiv| nvRvi Ki vi, nvRvi Zivqvji
we`yr PgK wek iwnj wbtkvm iwa, wbfvq m~hZviv|
wPrKvi Ki DVjb bZe`, `uvovI ! jv Ki bv ? Rvbv Kvi wei
K_v ejQ ? cqM^i (`t)-Gi `y-`yRb Kbvi ^vgx hyb&byivBb wZwb| `ywf
AbvnviwK gymjgvbi gyL GK nvRvi DUi eq Avbv Lvevii `vZv wZwb| e`i
hy hvM bv w`qI MwYgZi Askx`vi| euP _vKZB Avjvn&i NvlYvq knx`i
ghv`vcv enkwZ wZwb| e Rnv`i cavb LiP-enbKvix, j j w`bvi,
nvRvi nvRvi DU Ryi (`t)-Gi cvq iL `qv meZvMx abx mI`vMi| ay
Imgvb bb, Imgvb web Avddvb, Imgvb MwY wZwb| jv Ki bv ?
cjKi Rb _gK Mj mvBKvb| ZvBZv ! Imgvb Zv AbK AvQ, wK
hyb&byivBb Zv H GKRbB ! MwY Zv H GKRbB ! wK PvLi mvgb nvZi
gyVvq `y-`yUv Dv mb` Avbi gZv RjQ| ZvK Zv Avi A^xKvi Kiv
hvq bv| ^vfvweKfveB Lwjdvi `ievi QyUj DwRZ we`vnx `j| Lwjdvi
mvgb Lyj aij `yUv mb`|
wK ejjb nhiZ Imgvb (ivt) ? GZ eo weqi Rb wK we`ygv cZ
wQjb mB bgfvlx, webqx Lwjdv ? nZf^ nq Mjb, wbevK `yPvL Zuvi
dzU DVj Acvi weq| Avwg ? Avwg Kie GB RNb cZviYv ? bvDRywejvn !
imyjyjvn& (`t)-Gi `y-`yUv gqi RvgvB nq, Bmjvgi Rb meZvM Ki,
Bmjvgi Lwjdv nq ? wQ wQ wQ| bvDRywejv wgb RvjK& !
hv eySevi eyS Mj mevB| AvM _KB UMeM Ki dzUwQj e`yBbi i|
Gevi ZvZ Zj wN me GKhvM coj| nvRvi Zivqvj, nvRvi eRgyw DV
Mj AvKvk| Kv_vq, K mB kqZvb| K mB cvwc lohKvix, h
Lwjdvi mB Rvj Ki, miKvix v Pzwi Kwi jvwMq mebvkv civqvbv
wgki cvVvwQj, gymwjg Dvi ga AvZNvwZ imvZi Pv KiwQj|
emj Z` KwgwU| IB, IB h axi axi AKvi f` Ki dzU DVQ
lohKvixi Pnviv| nvRvi nvRvi iPz Pj Gjv Aviv KvQ, fvj Ki
23

`Levi Rb| c_g A, Zvici axi axi nq Aekl cgvwYZ

nq Mj m Pnviv|
gvivqvb| gvivqvb web nvKvg| Lwjdvi PvPvZv fvB| Ges Zuvi RvgvBI
eU| Avi miKvix Dc`v| Lwjdvi evwoZB Zvi Aevb| m Aevbi c~Y
myhvMB wbqQ mB NiRvgvB| Lwjdvi mB Rvj KiQ, miKvwi v Pzwi
Ki jvwMqQ, gymjgvb mgvR iqx `vvi loh KiQ|
we`vnxiv mMRb Aeiva Kij Lwjdvi evwo| nvRvi K wPrKvi DVj
gvivqvbK PvB| kqZvbK PvB nvZi gyVvq| Avevi Kuc DVj gw`bv|
bZe` AvcvY Pv Kijb m So kv KiZ, wK e`x nevi So m bq|
Rxeb GB c_g AvjMv nq Mj bZv`i I nhiZ Avjx (ivt)-Gi bZZi
jvMvg| m jvMvg wQuo QyU ewiq Mj mvBKvb Zvi Awbevh asmi w`K|
nvRvi nvRvi Db we`vnx`i `vwe, nq gvivqvbK `vI, bZzev mi `uvovI
Lwjdv c` _K| Zv`i bZZ iqQb gyn` web AveyeKi, mv_ iqQ
Kbvbv, mI`vb, Ges Avgi|
GBLvb Gm _gK MQ BwZnvm| _gK hve AvgivI| nhiZ Imgvb
(ivt) gvivqvbK we`vnx`i nvZ Zzj w`jb bv| wePviI Kijb bv, kvw
I w`jb bv| Kb ? Reve bB BwZnvm| mZi Avovj wbqB Kvb mZ
jywKq AvQ| ew`bx ivRKbvi gZv GLbv nqZv m mZ Kvb Auvavi
Acv Ki AvQ, Ke Kvb ivRcy Gm ZvK Avjvi fyeb wbq hve|
Gw`K w we`vnx`j viv Niew` Abo Lwjdv, Iw`K gvq PjQ n|
jvevqK, n cfy ! Zzwg WKQ, GB h Avwg nvwRi nqwQ| fweZe Govj
bv nhiZ Avjx (ivt)-Gi PvL| gw`bvi we`vni Lei BwZga cuQ MQ
gvq| n kl njB j nvRxi ebv cvMji gZv QyU Avme gw`bvq|
nvwZi cvqi wbP wcucoi gZv wcl hve we`vnx `j| GUzKz eySevi gZv eyw
we`vnxiv ivL| Zvnj Zv`i mvgb GKUvB Lvjv c_| wkDi DVjb nhiZ
Avjx (ivt)| `yB Qj nvmvb-nvmbK cvwVq w`jb ZrYvr| Lwjdvi evwoi
m`i `iRvq Zievwi nvZ wngvjq nq `uvwoq Mjb Bmjvgi wmsn-Zbqiv|
RuvKi gyL byb coj| msLvq gv `yB wK IRb Amxg| weki Zg i
eBQ IB `yB kixi| ILvb nvZ w`j wejY Amyweav AvQ| mv_ hvM w`j
nhiZ Zvj&nv (ivt) nhiZ hvevqi (ivt)-Gi QjivI|
cgv` bj we`vnxiv| gvi ebv gw`bvq cuQ MQ cvq| Avi mgq bB|
Aj Anvwm nvmj wbqwZ| A`i gnj j Ki Pjj Zxi| GKUv Zxi
Gm AvnZ Kij nhiZ nvmvb (ivt)-K| G-Lei evBi hvevi AvMB mwq
nq DVj m we`vnxiv| cQbi cuvwPj UcK XyK coj fZi| bxPi
Zjvq ZLb GKv KvivY kixd coQb KvivY mjbKvix nhiZ Imgvb MwY
(ivt)| evwK mevB Icii Zjvq| e Lwjdvi Ici Suvwcq coj gyn`|
nqZv QvUejvq IB KvjB Ljv KiQ m| wK Ki h w`b e`jvq !
24

AvgYi gyL e`bvZ Lwjdv ay ejZ cvijb, fvwZRv ! AvR Zvgvi

evev euP _vKj Zzwg wK Avgvi mv_ GiKg KiZ cviZ ?
wbqv gyn` jv cvBqv Pwjqv Mjb| (GKUv eBqi K_v)
wbqv gyn` jwZ nBqv LwjdvK Qvwoqv wcQy nwUqv Avwmjb|
(AviKUv eBqi K_v)
hvnvK, Pwjqv Mj Zv fvjB, wcQy nwUqv GjI Abiv wK Kij ? Ai
ci A e Lwjdvi Avnvi AbvnviwK `yej kixi wQuo duyo ewiq hZ
_vKj| Zuvi x nhiZ bvqjv (ivt) wPrKvi Ki QyU Gj Zuvi GKUv Avyj
KU gvwUZ coj| mvgb ZLbI Lvjv iqQ cwe KvivY| KvivYi
mjbKvix hyb&byivBb nhiZ Imgvb MwY (ivt)-Gi cwe i wQUK co
wfwRq w`qQ mB AvqvZ aygv Avjvn&-B Zvgvi Rb h_| wZwb
kvZv Ges we| Bbvwjjvn Iqv Bbv Bjvqn ivRDb|
w`M weZ D gacvP ZLb N~wYevq nvnvKvi Ki wdiQ jy nvIqv|
gif~wgi cwZwU evjyKYv Rb MQ, G Zv me i| Aj wekvj dYv
Zzj MZ Qq mvZ eQi ai Gavi Iavi `yjwQj h KvjbvM, G Zvi c_g
Qvej gv| Gici GKi ci GK gvMZ Qvej Qvej wQbwfb Kie m
gymwjg Dvi kixi| Gw`K 71-Gi Avje`ii gZv cvwjq MQ
gvivqvb| nhiZ Imgvb (ivt)-Gi iv Rvgv Avi nhiZ bvqjv (ivt)-G
KvUv AvOyjI cvPvi nq MQ wmwiqvi Mfbi gvweqvi KvQ| evBk eQi ai
k wkKo MoQ gvweqv mLvb| m AvOyj, m Rvgv Avb Rvjvjv
wmwiqvq| Avb Rjj BivK, wgki, Bqgb| dzU fvZi nuvwoi gZv
UMeM Ki dzUZ jvMj gymwjg wek| GKi ci GK Pjj KvjbvwMYxi giY
Qvej| bg Gjv Nvi Agvwbkv, mNb keix|
Avi gvivqvb ? Zvi wK nj ? m wK gviv cowb KviY dzj MvQi Pq
AvMvQvi cvYkw AbK ewk| GKUv my`i cRvcwZ AbK mnR gi GKUv
Amy`i Bu`yii Pq| evsjvi cjvkx hyi evcvi iex`bv_ wjLwQjb
ewYKi gvb` cnvj keix, `Lv w`j ivR` ic| Avi, gymwjg
BwZnvm Avgiv `wL cvwci cvc` cvnvj keix, `Lv w`j ivR` ic|
nhiZ AveyeKi, Igi, Imgvb, Avjx (ivt Avbg)-Gi ci gymwjg Dvi
Ag Lwjdvi bvg gvivqvb web nvKvg|

25

Pvi e
kvwiqvi ZvjvK Ges jqvb AvBb ^vgx ZvrwYKfve eK ZvjvK w`Z
cvi, KvDK Zvi KviY ejZ ne bv| Avevi IB kvwiqv AvBbB cyil
BQgZ PviU ch weq KiZ cvi, KvDK Zvi KviY ejZ ne bv|
A_vr mKvj-mvq ZvjvK-weqi bvUK Pvwjq hvevi GKUv PgrKvi dx
jvBm `qv AvQ ^vgxK| jvBmUvi dvq`v AZxZ-eZgvb AbK ZzjQI
ek| Zvi gvbB nj evcviUvi ga Kv_vI wbqB bvix-weivax GKUv duvK
AvQ| h bvixi gv_vq mUv co eR&v NvZ nqB co| G-AvBbi Nvi mg_KivI
wbRi gq-evbi Rb AekB AweevwnZ ei LuvRb| ZvZ Ki AveviI cgvY
nj GZ bvix`i cwZ AgvbweKZvI AvQ| wK Bmjvg Zv Kvb AgvbweK
c_vK mg_b KiZ cvi bv| Zvnj duvKUv Kv_vq ?
duvKUv eweevn bq, eweevni cwZZ| duvKUv KvivYi cyilZvwK ^v_ci
evLvq| cwZwU gymwjg bvixK mvivUv Rxeb G-Avkv ev mvebvi ga KvUvZ
nq GUv AekB Zv`i Acgvb| Gjv KvivYi wb`k nevi K_v bq| mRbB
e gymwjg `k k AvBb Ki eweevnK KVvifve wbqY Kiv nqQ|
ILvbKvi gIjvbviv Zv Avi Rbb Bmjvgi wei hvbwb| hgb mbMvj,
giv, wZDwbwmqv BZvw` (WLUML ct 70)| Ime `k eweevn KiZ Mj
ixwZgZ miKvii KvQ `iLv KiZ nq, Z` nq, Zvici AbygwZ gj ev
`iLv bvKP nq| cvwKvbI cwmW Avqye Lvb GiKg wKQy AvBb KiwQjb
(1961) hv GLbI ejer AvQ wK ay KvMR-Kjg|
PjwZ c_v Kb Bmjvg-weivax Zv `Lvi AvM `Lv hvK AwbqwZ Pvi
weqi mg_b wK wK hyw `Lvb nq|
1| gqiv euvRv nZ cvi|
2| gq`i Ggb AmyL nZ cvi hvZ kvixwiK msmM me bq|
3| gvm GK mvn Ges evPv Rb `evi evcvi j^v mgq ai
gq`i mv_ kvixwiK msmM me bq|
4| gqiv AvMB eywoq hvq|
5| cyili kvixwiK Pvwn`v bvixi Pq 99Y ekx eocxi
mvnei eB wbqvZzZ Zvjexb ct 98|
6| Kvb Kvb gq GUv cQ` Kib (AvgwiKvi weLvZ Bmjvwg
bx Avwgbv Avm&wmjwgi wfwWI)|
26

7| mgvRi fvjvi Rb cvvZi Dby-hbZvi Pq G-Bmjvwg

AvBb Xi fvjv|
8| `ywbqvq gq`i msLv cyili Pq ewk|
1 I 2 b^i KviY `yUv avc UK bv KviY Ijv cyili I nZ
cvi| 3 b^iUv Kvb hywB bq| I-KviYUv cw_exi msLvMwi ^vgx`i
I NUQ, Avgv`i evev-gvqi I NUQ| wK Zuviv Bw`qcvjbi
Pq KweZvi gZ wbRi cwievi Mo Zvjvi Avb`B Rxeb KvwUqQb| 4
b^iUv Kzhyw Qvov Avi wKQy bq| 5 b^iUv wbq AvjvPbv-weZK A_nxb| K
Kvi Pq KZ Pvv Zv msLv b ejv me bq| Gi mv_ bvixi nigvb
BKkb Avi cyili fvqvMv hvM Kij I-hywi nvj AvivB cvwb _vKe
bv| 6 b^iUvi K_v gqivB fvj ejZ cvieb, Ze Avgvi QvU evbK
ckUv Kivq m ivbv Kivi Mig nvZv wbq mMRb AvgvK Zvov KiwQj| 7
b^i GK-K_vq mi wbwQ| Kvb gymwjg mgvRB eweevn w`q KvbKvjB
Aea mK KgIwb, eI nqwb| mB Aea mK, Avi cwgi Aeva
hbZv, G-`yUvB nj wMq cPv wWg| `yUv cPv wWgi ga Kvb&Uv ewk
cPv Zv wbq gv_v Nvwgq jvf bB| cixvq GKki ga cuvP cvIqv Qvi
Pq cuwPk cvIqv Qv Xi fvjv wK `yRbB dj| cvvZi Pq
Xi fvjv nevi Rb Bmjvg Avmwb, Pig fvjv `vwe wbqB GmQ|
Gevi 8 b^i| RvwZmNi 1964 mvji ZvwjKvq AvQ Kvwiqv, ivwkqv,
wejvZ, dv, Rvgvbx, PKvvfvwKqv, cvjv, igvwbqv, nvix, Ges
AvgwiKvq gqiv MocoZvq 52%, cyil 48% (Dqvgvb Av nvi
ivBU&m& ct 246 Avjvgv gyZvn&nwi)| wK G-Z gvbj Zv Pvi ch
hvevi `iKviB bB, 52K 48 w`q fvM Kij hv nq mB fMvsk weq
KiZ nq| mUv wKfve me ? BivYi gZ `k wK ne ? KviY t BivY
ewZg| mLvb MZ Rixc cyili msLv bvixi Pq ewk `Lv MQ
(ct 247)| wK Zey BivY eweevn wbwl Zv bqB eis Mv`i Ici
welduvovi gZ gyZv weqI miMig Pvjy AvQ| ZvB, wnme wgjQ bv ej 8
b^iUv wbR _KB evwZj nq hvq|
mZxbi msmvi gvb cvqB biK| Zey hnZz KLbv KLbv GUv Qvov Pj
bv ZvB KvivY GK kZ-mvc AbygwZ w`qQ gv GKUv RvqMvq, myiv
wbmvi 3 b^i AvqvZ GwZg`i Zv`i m` eySvBqv `vI| Lvivc
gvjvgvji mv_ fvjv gvjvgvji A`j-e`j KwiI bv| Avi Zvnv`i
abm` wbR`i abm`i mv_ mswgwkZ Kwiqv Zvnv Mvm KwiI bv|
wbq Bnv eoB g` Kg| Avi hw` Zvgiv fq Ki h GwZg gq`i nK
h_vh_fve c~iY KwiZ cvwie bv, Zvnv nBj mB me gq`i ga nBZ
hvnvw`MK fvj jvM Zvnvw`MK weevn Kwiqv bvI `yB, wZb ev PvwiwU ch|
27

Avi hw` Gic Avkv Ki h Zvnv`i ga bvqmZ AvPiY eRvq ivwLZ

cvwie bv Ze GKwUB|
AvqvZ 129 Zvgiv KLbI bvixw`MK mgvb ivwLZ cvwie bv hw`I
Bnv PvI -Gi wfwZ wKQy gIjvbv wPiKvj `pfve `vwe KiQb h, KvivY
eweevn evwZj Ki GK x envj iLQ| KviY bvqmZ A_vr
Av`&j-Gi ga cg-fvjevmvI Af
y hv mgvb fvM fvM Kiv hvq bv|
Zuviv ejb wekvjx ^vgx Pvi eK IRb`i mgvb evwo-Mvwo w`q ivLjB
ev wK ? mLvb wK fvjevmvi ZvRgnj Mo IVv me ? fvjevmv wK fvMvfvwM
Kivi wRwbm ? cg fvMx`vi MRvj Zv gvbyl Lyb ch Ki dj|
nvRvi eQi ai bvix wQj emgvb| IivI h gvbyl, I`iI h wKQy ^c
wKQy AwaKvi _vKZ cvi Zv ay cyil Kb, bvixi gv_vqI wQj bv| hZ Lywk
weqZ Af cyil IZ Lvivc wKQy `LZI cZ bv| ZvB AvqvZ 3 bvwRj
nj Zviv wKQyUv Qvo PqwQj bexRxi KvQ| wK Zv`i GB Ave`vi cvv
`qwb KvivY, ZLbB bvwRj nq AvqvZ 127 Avi Zvnviv Avcbvi KvQ
bvix`i weevni AbygwZ Pvq| ewjqv w`b t Avjvn Zvgvw`MK Zvnv`i
mK AbygwZ `b Ges KvivY Zvgvw`MK hvnv cwoqv kvbvbv nq Zvnv
H-me wcZnxbv bvix`i weavb hvnvw`MK Zvgiv wbavwiZ AwaKvi c`vb Ki
bv A_P weevn Kwievi evmbv ivL|
kjv Lqvj Kib weevni AbygwZ Pvq...hvnv cwoqv kvbvbv nq|
weq mK wK co kvbvbv nqQ AvM ? kvbvbv nqQ mB me
gq`i ga nBZ weevn Kwiqv bvI| GB h mB me gq Giv
Kviv? Giv H-me wcZnxbv bvix Qvov Avi wKQyB nZ cvi bv|
wcZnxbv bvix gvb evc-giv gq Qvov Avi wKQyB bq| I` hy AbK
wbnZ nj GwZgi msLv eo wMqwQj, Zv`i ^v_iv Kivi `iKvi wQj|
wK BivYi ev KvbvWvi gqK weq Kij Zv Avi evsjv`ki GwZgi
^v_iv nj bv| ZviB mgvavb w`qwQj GB AvqvZ| `Lyb g`xbv
wekwe`vjqi Wt gynwmb Lvbi evLvwi-Abyev` 7g L, nvw`m 35, 59 I 62 |
wKsev `Lyb evsjv`k jvBeixi cKvwkZ Ave`yj Kwig Lvbi mwjZ mwn
evLvwi ct 678, nvw`m 2428| cwZwU k Lye Lqvj Ki coeb t
Avqkv (ivt)-K AvqvZwU m^ wRvmv Kiv nBj wZwb ewjjb
AbK mgq GwZg gq abkvjx I my`ix nBj AwffveK wbRB Dchy
gvni bv w`qv ZvnvK Avcbvi nIqvi myev` weevn Ki wK GwZg evwjKv
abevb bv nBj ev my`ix bv nBj mBic Ki bv| GB Abvq iwnZ
KiYv_B GB AvqvZ bvRj nBqvQ| GwZg gq mK wblavv bvRj
nIqvi ci jvKiv imyj (`t)(`t)-K wkw_jZvi Avkvq wRvmv Kwij
Kwij c~e
KovKwo envj _vKvi NvlYv Kwiqv AvqvZ bvRj nBj (AvqvZ 127)
Zvnviv Avcbvi wbKU gq`i mK gmAvjv wRvmv KwiZQ| Avcwb
28

ewjqv w`b, Avjvn Zvgvw`MK Zvnv`i m^ eev `vb KwiZQb Ges

wcZnxbv bvixMY m^ Zvgv`i cwZ KZve nBZ cvV Kiv nBqvQ h,
Zvnv`i Rb hvnv wewae Zvnv Zvgiv c`vb Ki bv Ges Zvnvw`MK weevn
KwiZ evmbv Ki| (DwZ kl)
GB Abvq iwnZ KiYv_B GB AvqvZ bvRj nBqvQ K_vUvi gvbB nj
hLvb GB Abvq bB mLvb LvUvevi Rb KvivY G-wb`k `qwb| ZvQvov
Zvnv`i Rb hvnv wewae Zvnv Zvgiv c`vb Ki bv G-K_vUv `ywbqvi Abvb
bvixi LvU bv| Lv` Avjvni imyj GB GKB D`vniY iL MQb Avgv`i
Rb| `Lyb GKB evsjv-mwn evLvwi, ct 687, DwZ t
nvw`m 2472 Avjx (ivt) Avey Rnji KbvK weevn Kivi cqMvg
cvVvBqvQ RvwbZ cvwiqv dvZgv (ivt) imyjyjvn (`t)-Gi wbKU wMqv ewjjb
Avcbvi AvZxq^RbMY ewjqv _vK h Avcwb Avcbvi gq`i c nBqv GKUz
ivMI `Lvb bv| H `Lyb Avjx (ivt) Avey Rnji KbvK weevn KwiZ PvwnZQ|
imyjyjvn (`t) ewjjb...wbq dvZgv Avgvi KwjRvi UzKiv| Zvnvi e_vq Avwg
ew_Z nB| wbqB Avwg nvjvjK nvivg ev nvivgK nvjvj KwiZ Pvwn bv| Aek
GB K_v ewjZwQ h, Avjvni Kmg ! Avjvni imyji Kbv Ges Avjvni ki
Kbv GKB ewi weevn GKwZ nBZ cvwie bv| GB fvlYi ci Avjx
(ivt)weevni cve cwiZvM Kwijb| GUv AvQ gynwmb Lvbi Abyw`Z
evLvix 4_ L nvw`m 342 I 5g L nvw`m 76|
GLvb wewe dvZgvi Avcw | KvivY AwbqwZ eweevn RvqR
Kij wZwb AekB Avcw KiZb bv| ZvQvov Zvnvi e_vq Avwg ew_Z
nB bexRxi wbRi gyLi K_v| A_vr mZxbi Ni gq`i e_v AvQ,
wbqB AvQ| h-KviY mek cqM^i Avjvni Kmg Lq nvivg-Gi
gZ KwVb k wZxq weq bvKP KiwQjb, wK KviY mUv ? m wK Avjvni
ki gq GB KviY ? bv, Zv AekB bq| bxP `Lyb t
nvw`m 2473, m~ nRiZ gmIqvi Beb gvLivgv (ivt)| Avwg imyjyjvn
(Avt)-K wg^i ewmqv ewjZ wbqvwQ wnkvg Beb gyMxiv Avjx Beb Avey
Zvje (ivt)-Gi wbKU Zuvnvi gq weevn `Iqvi Rb Avgvi wbKU cv e
KwiqvQ| wK Avwg AbygwZ w`B bvB Ges Avjx (ivt) Avgvi Kbv dvZgv
(ivt)-K ZvjvK bv `Iqv ch Avwg AbygwZ w`e bv| Kbbv dvZgv
nBZQ Avgvi kixii Ask| Avwg H wRwbm NYv Kwi hvnv m NYv Ki Ges
ZvnvK hvnv AvNvZ Ki Zvnv AvgvKI AvNvZ Ki|
whwb mek imyj wekbex, `ywbqvi cwZwU gymwjg bvix Zuvi KwjRvi UzKiv|
wZwb Zuvi AbvMZ AMwYZ mg KwjRvi UzKivK mZxbi mvebvq Vj
`eb Ges wbRi gqK iv Kieb Ggb evLv huviv `b Zuviv bexRxi
ghv`vi Ljvd Kib| wewe dvZgv KvivYi wei hveb GUvI Ame|
G-`yUv wgwjq Avgiv wK cvwQ ? gyMxiv wbRB weqi cv e KiwQj KvRB
29

m gq ZLbv GwZg nqwb, gyMxiv ZLbv euPB wQj| nRiZ Avjx AZzjbxq
ghv`v I kvb-Gi AwaKvix ejB eywS gyMxiv ZuvK RvgvB KiZ PqwQj|
wK bexRx AbygwZ `bwb| GUv Rvbvi ciI UvKvKwo-RwgRgv ev evwnK
kvb-kIKZi jvf Kvb jvfx wcZv Zuv`i Av`ii KbvK mZxbi Ni
cvVvj mUv mivmwi Bmjvg-weivax nZ eva| ay UvKvi Rvi KD kLi
eweevn Kij mUvI Bmjvg-weivax nZ eva| bxP KqKUv DwZ w`wQ t
1| G.wf.gxi Avng`i KvivY-Abyev` evLv t AvqvZ 127 mivmwi
AvqvZ 3-Gi mwnZ mwKZ| GBLvb bvix`i h AwaKvii K_v ejv
nBqvQ Dnv AvqvZ 3-G ejv AvQ, ... BqvZvgvb-wbmv A_ nBj
wcZnxbv evwjKv|
2| gIjvbv Igi Avng` Imgvbxi gZ myiv wbmvi 3 b^i AvqvZ ejv
nBqvQ ay wcZnxbv evwjKv I weaevi K_vB, Abvb bvixMYi bn| Avj&
wbmv ki wekl Avj& kwU aygv BqvZvg A_vr GwZgi wb`k Ki|
bZzev ay wbmv kwUB Abvb bvixMYK eySvbvi Rb h_ wQj| GB weevn
KwiZ nBj aygv weaev ev GwZgi ga nBZB KwiZ nBe| GKgv GB
cUf~wgZB eweevni AbygwZ `Iqv nBqvQ| (Womens Rights in
Islam Mohd. Sharif Chowdhury).
3| eweevni AbygwZi cKw Z wKQyZB Aeva bn Rvwm AvdZve
nvmb| (Status of Women in Islam).
4| KvivYi AvqvZ 129 Zvgiv KLbI bvixw`MK mgvb ivwLZ cvwie
bv hw`I Bnv PvI| Abvb AvqvZi ci Gi wfwZ KvivY eweevn
evwZj Ki GK x envj iLQ| KviY bvqmZ A_vr Av`&j&Gi ga
cg-fvjevmvI Afy hv mgvb fvM fvM Kiv hvq bv| Avgxi Avjx
wwiU Ae& Bmjvg BDwbfvwmwU cm jb, 1964, ct 229-232|
Ag kZvxi Kicx Lwjdv gyZvIqvwj hywwfwK gyZvwRjv gymwjg
mc`vqK DQ` Ki mgvRK hywnxb fwev`i AvZNvZx c_ PvwjZ
Kib| mB MvjKauvavq Avgiv AvRI Ggbfve A nq Nyi giwQ h
Avgv`iB gv-evbi Ak PvL coQ bv| A_P kvwiqvi nvRvi eQi AvMi
gvbyl wK Mfxi ggZvq, wK KVvi n gvZRvwZK myivi eev KiwQj Zv
`Lj cksmv bv Ki cviv hvq bv| wbqwZ eweevni DwZ w`wQ
Avwmwiqvb (cvq 2000 _K 2500 eQi AvM) I evwejwbqvb nvyivex
AvBb (cvq Pvi nvRvi eQi AvM) _K m~ t WvBfvi Av gvBj&m-Gi
jR dg gmvcUwgqv Av Gwkqv gvBbi Ges IgW-Gi wnw Ae&
Avwmwiqv; Drm AvBbi AavcK Wt Avbvqvi nKgZ-Gi DBgb Av `
KvivY ct 153 I 241-243|
30

1| mvaviY AvBb t
K| hw` x mvbaviY KwiZ cvi Ze ^vgx ZvnvK ZvjvK w`Z
cvwie bv|
L| hw` x mvbaviY bv Ki Ze ^vgx Zvnvi xK ZvjvK w`Z
cvwie wK ^vgx ZvnvK H mKj wKQyB wdivBqv w`e hvnv wKQy
mB x weevnKvj AvwbqvwQj, Ges mvivRxeb xi LiP enb
Kwie|
M| hw` x mvbaviY bv Ki Ze m ^vgx weevn KwiZ cvi wK
wZxq x Kvb evcviB ghv`vq c_g xi mgvb nBe bv|
N| hw` x mvbaviY bv Ki Ze mB x ^vgxK gv GKevi GKwU
`vmx Dcnvi w`Z cvi| hw` mB `vmx mvbaviY Ki, Ze mB
ew wZxq weevn KwiZ cvwie bv|
O| hw` Kn xK ZvM Kwiqv DavI nBqv hvq Ze m x hLb BQv
wZxq weevn KwiZ cvwie Ges c_g ^vgx wdwiqv Avwmqv xK
`vde KwiZ cvwie bv|
P| x hw` ev, cy ev AbvivM evwaZ Avv nq Ze ^vgx Ab
bvixK weevn KwiZ cvi wK c_g xi gZz bv nIqv ch GKB
evwoZ _vwKe Ges Zvnvi hZ jBe|
Q| x hw` AbvivM evwaZ Avv nq I wbRi Mv wdwiqv hvBZ
Pvq Ze ^vgx ZvnvK H mKj wKQyB wdivBqv w`e hvnv wKQy mB
x weevnKvj AvwbqvwQj|
GB nj g~jeva cwZvi mwZKvii D`vniY, gyL wgw Dc`k Avi
AvBb wnsmZvi VKevwR bq| ZvB eywS Iiv cwZv KiZ ciwQj Zv`i
mB cvPxb mfZvjvK| Iiv RvbZ, gvZRvwZK Acgvb Ki cy Ki
RvwZi DbwZ Ame| KviYwenxb kLi eweevn GK gvivZK mvgvwRK
Awfkvc| ^vgx eweevn KiK ev bv KiK, Zvi GB dx jvBmUvB bvixi
Acgvb| ZvB, GK wbqY Ki KvivY wdi AvmZ ne| `Lyb GKUv
GjvKvi Pnviv t eweevn c_v AvRI we`gvb| GjvKvq ewki fvM jvKi
GKvwaK x| h-eQi Mvjvq ewk avb gj b~Zb weqi AvKvvI eo
hvq| weq KiZ ne Ggb gvbwmKZv weivR Ki| (c_g) x evav w`j
DPvwiZ nq ZvjvK ct 63, dZvqv 1991-1995 wkv I mswZ PPv
K`, XvKv| bvix-wbcxobi GB Awfkvc B`vbwkqvZ mcwZ wdi
GmQ cwjMvgx izi-Gi Pvi-ZiKvwii Lvevi Avi Pvjy nqQ Pvi
Uwcs w`q cwjMvgx wcRv| Vvv Avi ej KvK !
A_P eweevnK Avgiv gymwjg `k mbMvj, giv, wZDwbwmqvi gZv
31

AvBb w`q KVvifve wbqY KiZ cvwi, BRZnv` Ki Avgiv eweevni

ga GwZg QvovI Abv_ `wi` bvix Af
y KiZ cvwi| ZvZ Bmjvgi bvg
DjB ne| `ywbqvi Zver gymjgvb cyil gnvb `q bq, G KwjKvj e
Kzjvvi me mgvRB AvQ| cyil hLvb cyil, mLvb bvix`n Zvi P~ov
^v_ AvQ|
KvivY mUv Rvb, imyj mUv wejY RvbZb| ZvB Zuviv bvixAZvPvii dx jvBm KvDK `bwb| AvR Bmjvgi bvg hZ AbmjvwgK
weavb Avgiv `wL, mejv bexRxi AbK ci cyilZi evbvbv|

bxZ I bZZ
evsjv`k-cvwKvb-B`vbwkqvq cavbgx nqQb eMg kL nvwmbv,
eMg Lvj`v wRqv, eMg ebwRi fyv, I eMg myKYcyx| GZ gb nZ
cvi bvix-bxZ wbq Bmjvg h weZK wQj Zvi mgvavb nq MQ|
wK evcviUv Avmj Zv bq| MZ 18B Rvbyqvix (2006) fqm Ae&
AvgwiKv iwWIi AvjvPbvq Avgvi wec evsjv`k RvgvZi wmwbqi
Avwm Rbvij-mUvix Rbve Kvgivgvb wgqv Ask wbqwQjb|
ejv `iKvi, RvgvZ Bmjvwg evsjv`ki cavb agxq-ivRbwZK `j, eMg
wRqvi msm` G-`ji `yRb gx wQjb| ZuvK ck Kiv nqwQj, kvwiqvgvZveK RvgvZ e eQi ai bvix-bxZi weivax wQj wK Zvnj eMg
Lvj`v wRqvi cavbgxZ gb wbj wK Ki| Dwb Reve w`qwQjb
cwiwwZi KviY RvgvZ bvix bxZ gb wbqQ| A_vr cwiwwZi KviY
hw` GZKvji nvivgK huviv nvjvj KiQb, fwelZ Zuviv AveviI
cwiwwZi KviYB m nvjvjK nvivg Kieb| Ges mB cwiwwZ KLb
Kv_vq wKfve ne mUvI ZuvivB wVK Kieb| G-GK gvivZK AvZNvZx
ceYZv| G-iKg NUbv NUQI| gIjvbv gI`yw` e AvM wjLQb
KvivY-nvw`mi my wb`kK KD we`ygv e`jvZ cvie bv, cw_exi
me gymwjg wgjI bv (BmjvwgK j Av KwUwUDkb cv 140)| wK
bvix-bxZi wei my nvw`mi ciI mB gI`yw`B lvU `kK dvwZgv
32

wRbvK mg_b KiQb cvwKvbi cwmW AvBqyei wei RvZxq wbevPb|

Avevi mB gI`yw`cx evsjv`ki RvgvZ GKmgq ejQ bvix-bxZ nvivg, Ges
GLb ejQb cwiwwZi KviY RvgvZ bvix-bxZ gb wbqQ ! Bmjvg wbq
G KvjLjvi AbK g~j w`qQ wek-gymwjg, GLbv w`Q|
RvwZi eZgvb `uvwoq _vK Zvi BwZnvmi Ici| gymjgvbiI ZvB| m
BwZnvm AvQ DbZ gymwjg-mfZv, kZ kZ hy-weMn, we`vn-wece, ivRvivYx, gvjv-gIjvbv| AvQ wgki, Bqgb, gvjxc, B`vbwkqvi mvefg
ivYxiv| AvQb iZ-gvwYK-LwPZ ivR-cvkvK Av`kx my`ix myjZvbv
ivwRqv| gvbyli BwZnvmi GKgv AweevwnZv mgvx wZwb| cy`i nvZ bv
w`q AvVviv eQii Kbvi nvZ ivi `vwqZ I gZv Zzj w`qwQjb
ivwRqvi wcZv wekvj fviZeli mgvU BjZzrwgm 1236 mvj|
ZLbKvi Ljxdvi mg_bI cqwQjb myjZvbv ivwRqv, Zuvi mvefg
ivRZKvj Pvjy gy`vq Lv`vB Kiv AvQ t myjZvb BjZzrwgmi Kbv gvwjKv
BjZzrwgm, whwb Avwgij gygwbbi mvb evovb| G-gy`v GLbI ivLv AvQ
KvjKvZvi wgDwRqvg| GKB mgq 1250 mvj wgkii ivYx mvRvivZ Avj&
`yi-Gi bvgI gy`v wQj, gvgjyK LjvdZi mg_bI cqwQjb wZwb| ay
Zv-B bq, gmwR` Zuvi bvg Lvrev covZb gIjvbviv| ivwRqvi mgqi
gIjvbvivI bvix-bxZi cwZev` Kibwb| (` diMU&b KzBb&m& Ae&
Bmjvg wekweLvZ Bmjvwg wekl dvwZgv gvwbwm, cv 90-91)|
GiB bvg BwZnvm, we`y-we`y mZi ivRKbv| Qwoq-wQwUq _vKv
KYvjv GKmv_ wgwjq wbj GZ kZvx ciI Akwm PvL wdmwdm
Ki K_v ej IV m| BwZnvm mvefg gymwjg ivYx`i Acic Kvwnbx
kvbvq| AvRKi eevai AKc ew` gymjgvb`i wKQy ejZ Pvq eywS !
Zuviv ivR`avix cej ivRv`i Ajvi-gvKv gvgi cyZzj ivYx wQjb bv|
Zuviv wQjb ivR`avwiYx kvmbgZvi AwaKvwiYx gymwjg ivYx, wbRi bvg
gy`v wQj Zuv`i Kviv Kviv, Zuv`i bvg gIjvbviv `vqv KiZb gmwR`
gmwR`| D`vniY w`wQ GKB m~ _K t1| 1236 mvj, w`jx| myjZvbv ivwRqv|
2| 1250 mvj, Kvqiv| gmwR` covbv nZ Lvrev, `qveZx gymwjg
ivYxK Avjvn iv Kib|
3| BivYi ZziKvb Aji ivYx ZziKvb LvZzb, 1257 _K 1282 ch
GKUvbv 26 eQi| gmwR` Zuvi bvg Lvrev|
4| ZziKvb LvZzbi Kbv cvw`kv LvZzb| bvgvwZ gy`v|
5| BivYi wmivR Aj Ave&k LvZzb| 1253 _K 1287, GKUvbv 25
eQi| Lvrev Ges bvgvwZ gy`v, `yUvB|
6| BivYi jywivb Aji 1339 mvji gymwjg ivYx (bvg Rvbv bB)|
33

7| ivYx wZ`y, 1422 _K 1419 ch, 9 eQi| (RvqMv m^ gZf` AvQ)|

8, 9, 10| gvjxci myjZvbviv t Lv`xRv, gwiqg, I dvwZgv| 1347 _K 1388,
GKUvbv 41 eQi| GK mgq Beb eZzZv mLvbKvi miKvwi KvRx wQjb|
11, 12| Bqgbi myjvqwn (wkqv-LjvdZ?) eski `yB ivYx Avmgv I
Avivqv, cvq 50 eQi ivRZ KiQb| Avmgvi bvg Lvrev nZ|
13| 1250 mvj wgkii ivYx mvRvivZ Avj& `yi| Zuvi bvg gy`vI wQj,
gvgjyK LjvdZi mg_bI cqwQjb wZwb Ges gmwR` Zuvi bvg
LvrevI covZb gIjvbviv|
14| myjZvbv dvwZgv, ga Gwkqvq Kvmgx LjvdZi kl mvefg
myjZvbv, kvmb KiQb 1679 _K 1681 `yeQi|
15 18| B`vbwkqvq 1641 _K 1699 ch 58 eQi ai GKUvbv
kvmb KiQb myjZvbv kvwdqv, myjZvbv b~i bvwKqv, myjZvbv RvwKqv, I
myjZvbv KvgvjvZ kvn| ILvbKvi gvjviv Gi weivaxZv KiQb| Zuviv
bvix-bxZi wei gv _K dZvqv Gb myjZvbv`i DrLvZ Kivi
Pv KiI cvibwb wbqB ivYx`i RbwcqZvi RbB| weLvZ
chUK gvKv cjvi jLv _KI Avgiv Gi wKQyUv weeiY cvB|
1591 nBZ 1925, cvq wZbk wZwik eQi cyil ivRviv `ki ivvNvU
`vjvbKvVv gmwR`-M^y R hvnv DbwZ KwiqvwQjb, mgvx Avmgv I Avivqv
Zvnv nBZ AbK ewk DbwZ KwiqvwQjb| KZ eQi KwiqvwQjb ? gv
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35

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38

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G-me AvBb KvivY kixdi Nvi weivax| `Lyb Avj& KvivY myiv ZvjvK
AvqvZ 1 I 2, Avi myiv evKviv 229 I 228 t Zvgiv hLb xw`MK ZvjvK w`Z
PvI ZLb BZ MYbv KwiI| AZtci Zvnvi hLb BZKvj cuQ, ZLb
Zvnvw`MK Dchy cvq Qvwoqv w`e ev ivwLqv w`e Ges Zvgv`i ga nBZ
`yBRb mvx ivwLe...ZvjvKcvv bvix wbRK Acvq ivwLe wZb nvqR ch|
ZvB ZvrwYK-ZvjvK Ges ZvrwYK-wZxq weq m~Y KvivY-weivax|
KvivY gvZveK Kvb bvixK weqZ eva Kivi AwaKvi Kviv bB, mB
mgq bvixK G-AmvaviY AwaKvi w`qQ KvivY| m-RbB giv,
wmbMvj, wZDwbwmqv cfwZ e gymwjg `k AvBb Ki ZvrwYK-ZvjvK
eAvBwb KiQ m~ 12| Avgv`i gymwjg AvBbi 7 b^i aviv gvZveKI
GUv eAvBwb (wePvicwZ Mvjvg ievbx)| ZdvrUv nj Hme `k AvBb
fvOj Zvi Lei AvQ, Avi Avgv`i `k gv-evb`i Rxeb Bmjvgi
bvg h asm nq Kvb Bmjvwg `ji Kvb m AvZbv` m Kvbv cuQ ej
gb nq bv| Avgiv GgbB weeKnxb nq MwQ|
h xK ZvrwYK-ZvjvKi ga coZ nq Zvi Acgvb-Amvb, Zvi
vf-`ytL, Zvi gbi Aev Ke Avgiv eySe ? G-Kvb& Bmjvg h
41

wbicivai Rxeb GZ wbzifve asm Ki ? gvqi RvwZK G-fve Amvb

Ki Avgiv Kvbw`bB DbwZ KiZ cvie bv| Ke miKvi AvBb cqvM Kivi
gZ kwkvjx ne, Ke Avgv`i Bmjvwg `jjv G-Abvqi cwZev` Kie,
Ke MvgMi Bgvg-Pqvigvbiv Gi wei k nq `uvove, Ke gv`vmvwkKiv G-me Z-Z_ wmjevm Af
y Kieb Rvwb bv| Ze hZw`b Zv
bv ne ZZw`bB Avgv`i gv-evbiv RvwZi PvLi mvgb wbcxwoZv nZ
_vKeb Ges ZZw`bB Avgiv wcwQq _vKe|
Avwg Bmjvwg `jjvK Avnvb KiwQ GLbB GB wbzi AbmjvwgK c_v
e KiZ| Avi gv-evb`i Avnvb RvbvwQ cej cwZiva Mo ZzjZ,
Avgiv mv_ AvwQ|
m~ 1| wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 1g L, ct 157, aviv 351; ct 483 aviv 351;
ct 478 aviv 343; nvbvwd AvBb ct 81; kvwdB AvBb ct 560 AvBb
bs Gb.3.5; gIjvbv gywnDxbi evsjv-KvivYi Zdwmi ct 128;
gIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfxi xb wK euvZ ct 254 AvBb #1537,
1538, 1546 I 2555; BDivwcqvb dZvqv KvDwj I KvbvWvi gIjvbvi
dZvqvq (United Muslims) Iqe mvBU Sunnipath.com BZvw`|
m~ 2| gIjvbv gywnDwbi Abyw`Z evsjv-KvivYi Zdwmi ct 127|
m~ 3| wek-weLvZ kvwiqv-mg_K gIjvbv Iqvwn`ywbi Women in Islami
Sharia-Z dZj evixi m~ - ct 108 I 109|
m~ 4| gIjvbv gywnDwbi Abyw`Z evsjv-KvivYi Zdwmi ct 127-129|
m~ 5| gIjvbv gywnDwbi Abyw`Z evsjv-KvivYi ct 128 I 758|
m~ 6| wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 1g L aviv 347, 349; nvbvwd AvBb, gIjvbv Avkivd
_vbwfi enkwZ RIi _K i Ki gKmy`yj gygwbb ch e KZve|
m~ 7| wek-weLvZ kvwiqvwe` Wt Ave`yi ingvb WvB-Gi kvwiqv w` BmjvwgK
j ct 179|
m~ 8| wek-weLvZ gIjvbv Iqvwn`ywbi Women in Islami Sharia ct 110|
m~ 9| Bgvg kvwdi weLvZ KZve wimvjv ct 182| GwUK mg kvwiqvwevbi g~j KZve ej aiv nq|
m~ 10| gIjvbv gywnDwbi Abyw`Z evsjv-KvivYi Zdwmi ct 124|
m~ 11| wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 1g L aviv 344 ct 478|
m~ 12| Documenting Womens Right Violations by Non-State
Actors by WLUML ct 70|

42

gyiZv` nZvi cc-wec

(Bmjvg Kvb Bu`yi-gviv Kj bq h GZ XvKv hve wK eibv hve bv )
gyiZv` ZvK ejv nq h AvM gymjgvb wQj wK GLb Bmjvg Qo w`qQ|
kvwiqv AvBb gyiZv`i gZz` `qv AvQ| mcwZ cP AvRvwZK Pvc
AvdMvwbvbi gyiZv` Ave`yi ingvbK Qo `qv nj| Gi AvM kvwiqvq
kvw-cv bvBRwiqvi Avwgbv jvIqvj I mvwdqv, cvwKvbi Wt BDbym I
Rvdivb weweKI Qo `qv nqQ| G-iKgfve AvRvwZK Pvci gyL
evievi kvwiqv civwRZ nQ| GB civwRZ nIqvUvB cgvY Ki Ijv Avjvi
AvBb bq| Avjvi AvBb nj G-fve civwRZ nZ bv| Avgiv GLb `Le GB
kvwiqv AvBbi c-wec wK wK hyw AvQ|
g~j kUv nj iv`&| Kvb Kvb wekl ejb, Gi mv_ mwKZ kjv
BiZv`v, wiv Ges gyiZv` meB nj ^Kg| wbR _K bv ejj ev bv Kij evBi
_K KD KvDK ^Kg KivZ cvi bv| hgb AvZnZv| AvZnZv h Ki m-B
KiZ cvi, Abiv Lyb KiZ cvi wK KvDK AvZnZv KiZ cvi bv| wVK
Zgwb gyiZv`I wbR NvlYv KiZ nq, Ab KD Kwiq w`Z cvi bv| gyiZv`i
Ici KvivY MvUv wekK AvqvZ AvQ, wK Kv_vI Kvb cvw_e ` bB eis
Gi fZi gvbyli bvK Mjvbv wbla Kiv AvQ| Avjvn ejQb wZwb wbRB
ZvK kvw `eb| wKQy D`vniY t bvn&j 106, gybvwdKzb 3, ZvIevn 66 I 74,
wbmv 94 h ZvgvK mvjvg Ki ZvnvK ewjI bv h, Zzwg gymjgvb bI|
evKviv 217 hw` Kn wekvm nBZ wdwiqv hvq I Awekvmx wnmve gi, Ze
BnKvj ciKvj Zvnv`i mg KvR e_v nBe I Zvnviv Avb Rwje| mekl
wbmv 137 hvnviv GKevi gymjgvb nBqv ci Avevi Kvdi nBqv wMqvQ, Avevi
gymjgvb nBqvQ Ges Avevi Kvdi nBqvQ Ges KzdwiZB DbwZjvf KwiqvQ,
Avjvn Zvnv`iK bv KLbI gv Kwieb, bv c_ `LvBeb|
A_vr KvivY gyiZv`K Bmjvg wdi Avmvi myhvM w`qQ| ZvK Lyb
Kij Avevi gymjgvb nevi myhvM m cve bv, mB Lyb mivmwi KvivY
jNb nq hve| bexRxi Iwn-jLK Ave`yjv web mvAv`-I gyiZv` nq
gw`bv _K gvq cvwjq wMqwQj| G nb gnv-gyiZv`KI bexRx gZz`
`bwb (Beb wnkvg-BkvK ct 550) eis nRiZ Imgvb ci ZvK wgkii
Mfbi KiwQjb| AviI e AvqvZ gyiZv`-nZvi wec, hgb t
43

BDbym 99
Zzwg wK gvbyli Dci Rei`w Kwie Bgvb Avwbevi Rb?
Kvn&d 29
hvi BQ wekvm vcb KiK Ges hvi BQv Agvb KiK|
wbmv 80
Avi h jvK wegyL nBj, Avwg AvcbvK (n gyn`!) Zvnv`i Rb
iYveYKvix wbhy Kwi bvB|
wbmv 94 h Zvgv`iK mvjvg Ki ZvnvK ewjI bv h Zzwg gymjgvb bI|
evKviv 256 ag Rvi-Rei`w bvB| BZvw`|
Ze gyiZv`-nZvi wei KvivYi mePq wb`k AvQ myiv BgivbGi 86 b^i AvqvZ| nvwi_ bvg GK gymjgvb gyiZv` nj Zvi Ici
bvwRj nqwQj G AvqvZ t Kgb Ki Avjvn Ggb RvwZK n`vqZ `eb
hviv Bgvb Avbvi ci I imyjK mZ ej mv `evi ci I Zv`i KvQ
cgvY Avmvi ci Kvdi nqQ ? bexRx ZvK gZz ` Kb, Kvb kvwB
`bwb (Beb wnkvg-BkvK ct 384)|
kvwiqvi Ab GKwU fqvbK AvBb nj, gyiZv`K h KD ivvNvU Lyb
KiZ cvi, ZvZ Lybxi gZz ` ne bv (wewae Bmjvgx AvBb 1g L, aviv
72)| A_vr Kvb agv gvjv-gydwZ KvDK gyiZv` NvlYv Kij ZvK Lyb
KiZ Ab agvK DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| gymwjg-wek Ggb NUbv NUQ Ges
Lybxi kvw nqwb| gyiZv`i weq, mv I DivwaKviI evwZj nq hvq|
cyil-gyiZv`K nZvi mg_b bvgKiv eB nj gI`yw`i ` cvwbkg Ae&
w` AvcvU AvKwWs Uz BmjvwgK j|
G-eBZ c_g gI`yw` ejQb, KvivY I mybvn& G-evcvi wekl evLv `q
bv| K_vUv wg_v, KviY Ici KvivY-imyji D`vniY `Lvbv AvQ| wZwb
eis Zuvi Zvdwngyj KzivY-G myiv evKviv 217 AvqvZi mg_b ejZ eva nqQb
h gyiZv`K aygv ciKvj Avb wbc Kiv nBe| GiciI wZwb Kb
GB KvivY-weivax AvBbK mg_b Kijb Zv bxP DjL Kiv nj| wZwb gyiZv`nZvK mg_bi Rb ew`K w`q cvYcY Pv KiQb| myiv ZIev-i AvqvZ 11
I 12-Gi DwZ w`q wZwb `vwe KiQb h ILvb gyiZv` nZvi weavb AvQ|
AvqvZ `yUv nj hw` cwZkwZi ci Zvnviv Zvnv`i kc_ f Ki Ges
Zvgv`i xb mK we`c Ki Ze Kzdi-cavb`i mv_ hy Ki| KviY Bnv`i
Kvb kc_ bvB hvnvZ Zvnviv wdwiqv Avm...GLvb kc_ f KvbgZB
ivRbwZK Pzw nBZ cvi bv| eis Bnvi cUf~wg wb`k Ki h, Bnvi A_
Bmjvg MnY I ci Bmjvg ZvM Kiv| DwZ kl|
gI`yw`i GB K_v mivmwi KvivYi wec hvq| myiv ZIevi DjL Pzw
44

I Pzwf gyiZv`i Kvb K_vB bB| Gi cUf~wg nj gymwjg I Agymwjgi

ga hyweiwZ, hy-Pzwf I hy-Pzw evwZj| G cUf~wg aiv AvQ Bmjvgi
mePq wbfihvM `yB m~ Beb wnkvg/BkvK Avi ZvwiL Avj& ZvevwiZ Ges e
Bmjvwg IqemvBUI| Ze DwZ w`wQ gIjvbv gywnDwbi Abyev` Kiv evsjv
KvivY _K hb mevi c wgwjq wbZ mywea nq| 553 I 556 cv _K
DwZ t myiv ZIevi me KwZcq hy, hy-msv NUbvejx Ges G-cm
AbKjv Kzg-AvnvKvg I gvmvqji eYbv iqQ| hgb Aviei mKj Mvi
mv_ KZ mKj Pzw evwZjKiY, gv weRq, nvbvBb I ZveyK hy cfwZ...l
wnRix mvj ...Zv`i mv_ nv`vqweqvq mw nq...Gici cuvP-Qq gvm AwZevwnZ
nj GK ivZ eby eKi Mv eby LvRvi Dci AZwKZ nvgjv Pvjvq...A_vr
nv`vqweqvi mw evwZj nq hvq, hvZ wQj `keQiKvj hy wMZ ivLvi
Pzw...GLvb (11bs AvqvZ) ejv nq h, Kvdiiv hZ kZv KiK, hZ wbcxob
PvjvK, hLb m gymjgvb nq ZLb Avjvn (hgb) Zv`i KZ Acivajv gv
Kib...AvjvP v`k AvqvZ ejv nQ h, Giv hw` Pzw mv`bi ci kc_ I
cwZkwZ f Ki Ges BmjvgI MnY bv Ki, AwaK BmjvgK wbq we`c Ki,
Ze mB Kzdi-cavb`i mv_ hy Ki| DwZ kl| GZ PgrKvi AvqvZi
weKZ evLv KiQb gI`yw`, KiQ kvwiqv|
`ywbqvwe kvw`vbi evcvi KvivYi GKUv ewk AvQ| Avjvn KLbI
gymjgvbK mivmwi ejQb wecK AvNvZ KiZ ev nZv KiZ (myiv
gyn` 4 BZvw`)| Avevi KLbI fvlvq ejQb, wecK Avjvn
gymwjg`i nvZ kvw `eb (myiv ZIev AvqvZ 14, BZvw`)| gyiZv`K
nZv Kivi weavb _vKj mUv G-iKg my k KvivY AekB _vKZ,
gI`yw`i fvei MiK Rei`w MvQ IVvZ nZ bv| KvivY G-I AvQ
gywgb`iK ejyb, Zviv hb Zv`iK gv Ki hviv Avjvni m w`bjv
mK wekvm ivL bv hvZ wZwb Kvb mc`vqK KZKgi cwZdj `b
(myiv Rvwmqv 14)| myiv ZIev Qvov Avi gv GKUv myivK gI`yw` gyiZv`
nZvi mg_b Uvbvi Pv KiQb, mUv nj wbmv AvqvZ 80| wK gI`yw`i
evanq gb bB h wZwb wbRB Zuvi Zdwngyj KzivY myiv wbmv 80-Gi
evLvq ejQb bexRxi cwZ `vwqZ `qv nBqvQ aygv Avjvni
Av`k-wb`k jvK`i KvQ cuQvbv Ges wZwb ZvnvZ fvjfveB mdj
nBqvQb| Zvnvw`MK mZc_ eva Kiv Zuvnvi `vwqZ wQj bv| wK Zvnj
h jvK gymjgvb _vKZ Pvq bv ZvK Lyb Kivi fq `wLq gymjgvb ivLv
mivmwi KvivY-jNb I bexRxi Acgvb bq ?
ZvQvov, Zuvi evLvwU KvivYi GZ GZ AvqvZi wei Kb Mj mUv
gI`yw`i ejv DwPZ wQj| KvivY wekl mywea KiZ bv ci gI`yw`
AuvKo aiQb nvw`m| Zuvi c_g nvw`m bexRx ewjqvQb h ew agZvM
Ki ZvnvK nZv Ki (evLvix 2854 bs nvw`m- gIjvbv Ave`yj Rwjji
45

Abyev`) wbq gIjvbv`i gaB gnv-weZK AvQ KviY Zvnj hviv Zv`i
ag ZvM Ki Bmjvg MnY Ki Zv`iKI Lyb KiZ nq| bexRxi mePq
wbfihvM Rxebx wmivZ-G (Beb wnkvg/BkvK) DevqivK QvovI Avgiv
bexRxi mgq wZbRb gyiZv`i `wjj cvB| Zviv nj nvwi_, bexRxi Iwn jLK
Beb mv`, Ges Devq`yjvn cv 384, 527 I 550| G wZbRbi KvDK
gZz` Kb, Kvb kvwB `bwb imyj| wZwb me`v gb PjQb jv-AvKivnv
wdwb, ag Rei`w bvB evKviv 256| `wjj G-me NUbv AvQ bvgavg,
ZvwiL, NUbvi weeiY mn| `Lyb mwn eyLvwi 9g L nvw`m 318 t Rvwei web
Ave`yjv ejb, GK e`yBb Avjvni imyji KvQ evqvZ MnY Kwij| ci gw`bvq
Zvnvi Ri nBj m Avjvni imyji wbKU Avwmqv ewjj n Avjvni imyj, Avgvi
evqvZ wdivBqv w`b| imyj mZ nBjb bv| Zvici m Avevi Avwmqv ewjj n
Avjvni imyj, Avgvi evqvZ wdivBqv w`b| imyj mZ nBjb bv| Zvici m
Avevi Avwmqv ewjj n Avjvni imyj, Avgvi evqvZ wdivBqv w`b| imyj mZ
nBjb bv| Zvici m gw`bv Qvwoqv Pwjqv Mj| BnvZ Avjvni imyj ewjjb
gw`bv GKwU Dbybi gZv, Bnv fRvjK evwni Kwiqv `q Ges fvjvK
cwivi I Dj Ki|
GB h ^qs bexRxi mvgb cKvk Bmjvg ZvM gZz ` Zv `~ii K_v,
Kv_vq vi ev Kv_vq kvw ? Avgv`i kvwiqvcxiv wK fe `LQb Kvi
evbvbv kvwiqv Avi Kvi evbvbv Bmjvg-Gi wkKvi nqQb Zuviv ?
gI`yw`i `Lvbv AvUwU nvw`m bvgavg mn Kvb NUbviB DjL bB, ay
bexRx ewjqvQb gyiZv`K Lyb Ki GBaibi evqexq K_v AvQ| GKwUgv
D`vniY gI`yw` cqQb bexRxi cvq mvo wZbk eQi ci jLv Bgvg
evqnvwK _K, GK bvix-gyiZv`i gZz `i NUbv| ZviI bvgi wVK bB,
ejv AvQ D igvb ev D gvivqvb| Bgvg evqnvwKi G-nvw`m wbfihvM
bq KviY Bgvg Avey nvwbdv bvix-gyiZv`i kvw iLQb ew`Z nZv bq|
Ges Bgvg Avey nvwbdv Bgvg evqnvwKi AbK AvMi jvK, bexRxi
KvQvKvwQ mgqi jvK| evqnvwKi G-Z_ GKeviB wfwnxb, Zv `wjj ai
ai `wLqQb cvwKvbi Bmjvg MelYv K`i (Avvivws Bmjvg)
cwiPvjK Wt Rvf` Nvwgw`| ZvQvov KvivY-nvw`m weiva nj KvivYB
wRZe GUv Zuvi gZv gIjvbv`iB `vwe mUvI gI`yw` wbRB gvbbwb|
Gevi gI`yw` wbfi KiQb nRiZ Avey eKii Ici| wZwb ejQb,
`~ii wKQy Mv gyiZv` nqwQj Ges nRiZ Avey eKi mb cvwVq Zv`i
civwRZ KiQb| K_vUv GZ mnR bq, Gi ga K_v AvQ| gI`yw` nRiZ
Avey eKii wPwV DjL Ki ZuvK GK nvjvKz Lvb evwbq QoQb| nRiZ
Avey eKi bvwK Zuvi wmcvnmvjviK wb`k w`qwQjb Bmjvg Keyj bv
Kij KvDK Rxe Qvoe bv, Avb Rvwjq Zv`i Nievwo Rvwjq `e
46

Ges Zv`i bvix I wk`iK xZ`vm evwbq ivLe| Zvnj nRiZ Avey
eKi wK KvivY jNb Kijb? Kv_vq Mj evKviv 256 (ag Rvi-Rei`w
bvB) ? GfveB gI`yw` nRiZ Avey eKii Pwinbb KiQb| bexRxi IdvZGi ci ^fveZB wKQy wekLjv nqwQj| KD KD nRiZ Avey eKii mvgvwRK
bZZ gvbZ PvBj bv| hviv wbicvq nq AwbQvmI gymjgvb nqwQj Zviv
Zv`i ag wdi Mj| KD KD bexZ `vwe Ki emj, Zv`i wKQy mvnvweI
MRvj| Ze cavb KviY nj, wKQy Mv gb KiZ bexRxi Mvw`i-G Lyg gvVi
eZv I Abvb eei cwicwZ nRiZ Avjxi c_g Lwjdv nevi K_v| ZvB
Zviv c_g nRiZ Avey eKii miKviK Aea miKvi wnme RvKvZ w`Z
A^xKvi KiwQj, Bmjvg ZvM Kiwb|
nRiZ Avey eKii G-hy wQj ivRbwZK| Gi cgvYI AvQ| mePq
weLvZ hyUv nqwQj Zuvi cvVvbv mbvcwZ KzivBk Mvi Lvwj` web Iqvwj` Ges
gymjgvb Mv eby Bqviey-qi bZv gvwjK web byqvBivn-qi ga| gZzi AvM
bexRx gvwjKK Zvi Mv _K RvKvZ Av`vq KiZ cvwVqwQjb| Zuvi gZzi ci
nRiZ Avey eKi Lwjdv nj gvwjK Zuvi miKviK Aea miKvi wnme RvKvZ
w`Z A^xKvi Ki| hyi gq`vb gvwjK Lvwj`K B ej h m gymjgvb
wK nRiZ Avey eKiK gvb bv KviY Lwjdv nevi K_v nRiZ Avjxi| hy m
civwRZ nq Ges Zvi gv_vi LywjZ Lvwj` ew`b LqQ| gymjgvbi mv_
gymjgvbi hy I Lyb GB c_g, mviv gymwjg mgvR GZ AvZ wkDi DVwQj|
GgbwK nRiZ Igi ch Lvv nq ejwQjb gymjgvbK Lyb Kivi Rb
Lvwj`i kvw nIqv DwPZ (m~ t Drm ZviK dvZvn& wjwLZ AmvaviY eB
Chasing a Mirage A_vr gixwPKvi cQb QvUv _K gymwjg
BwZnvmi weLvZ jLK Avjx Ave`yj ivwRK-Gi Bmjvg Av ` dvvgvj&m&
Ae& A_wiwU cv 520|
Gevi gI`yw` mg_b wbqQb AwZZi Bgvg`i _K| nuv, cvq cwZwU
kvwiqv-BgvgB gyiZv`-nZvi c ivq w`qQb| wK Avgiv mUv cZvLvb
Kwi KvivYi wfwZ| Avmj K_vUv nj, ciKxqvi ci vNvZ gZz`i gZ
gyiZv`-nZvi AvBbI GmQ B`x KZve wWDUibwg _K| DwZ w`wQ t
(hw` Kn) ej Pj Avgiv Ab mvK mev Kwi ... Ze Zvgiv wbq
ZvnvK nZv Kwie ... ZvnvK c ii AvNvZ nZv Kwie ... BZvw`|
G-AvBbi B`x-m~ I KvivY-weivaxZv RbI gI`yw` Kb GK mg_b
Kijb Zvi myMfxi KviY AvQ| Zuvi AvZ Avmj Ab RvqMvq| RbMY
hw` GKevi Rb dj kvwiqvq KvivY-weivax AvBb AvQ Zvnj Zviv
kvwiqvK m`n Kiv i Kie| axi axi Zviv kvwiqvi evwK AbK
AvBbiI KvivY-weivax Pwi Rb dje, kvwiqv Avjvi AvBb G-K_vi
cvqi bxP gvwU _vKe bv| ZLb kvwiqv-wfwK Bmjvwg iv-cwZvI Ame
nq coe| ZvB wZwb cvYcY kvwiqvi me AvBbK mg_b KiQb| IB
47

eBZ wZwb ejQb (msw) gyiZv`i gZz`i evcvi Kvb AZv

KvbKvjB wQj bv| h-evcvi gvMZ I AwewQb mvi mg_b iwnqvQ Dnvi
cwZ hw` m`n Rbvq Zvnv nBj m m`n GKwU ev `yBwU mgmvq mxgve
_vwKe bv ... Bnv Ggb chvq Pwjqv hvBe h, gyn`i Rxebi Dk ch
cki myLxb nBe|
K_vUv wg_v| kvwiqvi G-AvBb KvivY-weivax Zv mevB Rvb, ZvB wPiKvj e
e mywd-`iek I Bmjvwg wekl Gi wei cej cwZev` KiQb| wekRvgvwZiv fvjfveB Rvbb h gyiZv`-nZv KvivY-weivax| BDivwcqvb dZvqv
I MelYv KvDwji m`m wek-weLvZ kvwiqv mg_K Wt Rvgvj ev`vIqx ch
GUv ^xKvi Ki ejQb KvivYi Kvb AvqvZB gyiZv`i `ywbqvq kvwi
weavb bvB| KvivY ej, GB kvw aygv ciKvjB nBe (dZvqv KvDwji
IqemvBU)| GgbwK Avgv`i evsjv`k kvwiqvi ZvwK i Rbve kvn Ave`yj
nvbvb-I ejQb AwZZi AbK Bmjvwg wekli gZ mwq` gI`yw` cvPxb
gZ (A_vr gyiZv`i gZz` jLK) wekvm KwiZb| eZgvbi ewki fvM
Bmjvwg wekl GB welq Zuvnvi mwnZ ev cvPxb wekli mwnZ GKgZ bnb|
hLb Kvb welq gZf` nq ev GKvwaK gZvgZ nq ZLb Kvb GKRb wekli
BRwZnv`K gvwbZ Kn eva bn| ewMZfve Avwg GB welq mwq` gI`yw`i
mwnZ GKgZ bwn (BvibU, evsjvibvix AvjvPbv dvivg 7 Gwcj, 2006)|
weki miv RvgvwZ Wt BDmyd KviRvwf AvM GB kvwiqv AvBbi mg_K wQjb
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Council_for_Fatwa_and_Research),

mcwZ wZwb gZ e`wjq Gi wei ee iLQb (`wbK msMvg 28k

gvP 2006 I `wbK BbwKjve 14B Gwcj 2006)| KvbvWvq kvwiqv-KvUi
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kL| KvbvWvi kvwiqv KvUi wei Avgiv hLb Av`vjb i Kwi ZLb
wZwb Uwjwfkb Avgvi mv_ weZK Kib| mB Uwjwfkb cvMvg wZwbI
ejQb gyiZv` nZvi kvwiqv AvBb KvivY-weivax|
ivRbwZK, mvgwiK ev Abvb cwZcK gyiZv` NvlYv Ki Lyb, nbv
ev `kQvov Kivi NUbvq gymwjg BwZnvm fwZ| wK Ab NUbvI AvQ| 1728
mvji kvwiqv-KvUi wmwmj `wjj Avgiv `wL gydwZi KvQ _K dZvqv Gb
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agwekvmK Awfkvc w`qQ, KvRB Zv`i ZvjvK nIqv DwPZ| `yRb mvx viv
GUv cgvwYZ nj KvU weq evwZji ivq w`q BevnxgK Av`k w`qQ
gvnii A_ wdwiq w`Z (DBgb, ` dvwgwj Av wWfvm jR& Bb&
BmjvwgK wnw Wt Avwgiv AvRnvix mbej, cv 119|
G dZvqv ev ivq Avgiv gZz ` `wL bv|
48

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Agymwjg`i wec hys`nx Ki `uvo Kivbv nqQ `Lj AvZwZ nZ
nq| hgb, KvivY myiv Avivd-Gi AvqvZ 172-K AcevLv Ki ejv nq,
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g, 2006)| huviv G AcevLv Kib Zuviv wK Lqvj KiQb, G-evLvq
cw_exi cwZwU Agymwjg gyiZv` wnme kvwiqv gvZveK nZvi hvM ?
gvbyl KvivYi cyivcywi evLv KiZ cvie Zv nq bv| Wt mvPw`bvi gZv
cwZ wK PgrKvi ejQb, gvwUi gvbyl mekwgvb Avjvi BQv cyivcywi
eyS dje GUv Ame (w` BmjvwgK iU&m& Ae& WgvvwUK cyivwjRg&,
cv 6)| mRbB Bmjvgi evcvi P~ov mZ Avwg Rvwb bv G-K_v ejv
cwZwU gvbyli Rb diR| Ges hnZz Rvbb bv, mnZz m-RbB iv
evwbq wbRi evLvK Abi Nvo Pvwcq `qv KvbfveB Bmjvg nZ
cvi bv| KvivYi AcevLv gvS gvS GZ DU I nvmKi nq h ejvi
bq| hgb, gIjvbv gywnDwb Lvbi Abyw`Z evsjv-KvivY myiv IqvKqvi
36 bs AvqvZi evLv Kiv AvQ Gfve RvbvZi bvix`i Ggbfve mw
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hLvb AmsL Agymwjg gymjgvb nQ mLvb `yPviRb Bmjvg _K ewiq
Mj mUv Dcv KijB Zv jv BKivnv wdxb (ag Rei`w bB)Gi
ghv`v iv nq ! G-ghv`v bexRx wKfve iv KiQb Zv w`q kl KiwQ,
cwZwU k Lqvj Ki coeb t
Dmvgv web Rvq` ewjqvQ hLb Avwg I GK Avbmvi ZvnvK (wgi`vm
web bvwnK bvg GK AgymwjgK hvi Mvi mv_ gymjgvb`i hy PjwQj)
Avgv`i A w`qv AvgY Kwiqv cvKovI Kwijvg ZLb m Kjgv DPviY
Kwij| wK Avgiv _vwgjvg bv Ges ZvnvK nZv Kwijvg| imyji wbKU
Avwmqv Avgiv GB NUbv eYbv Kwij wZwb ewjjb Kjgvi `vq nBZ K
ZvgvK iv Kwie, Dmvgv ? Avwg ewjjvg, jvKwU ay gZzi nvZ nBZ
euvwPevi Rb Kjgv DPviY KwiqvQ| wK wZwb ckwU KwiZB _vwKjb
Ges KwiZB _vwKjb| ZLb Avwg gv cv_bv Kwijvg Ges ewjjvg Avwg
Avi KLbvB ZvnvK Lyb Kwie bv h Kjgv DPviY KwiqvQ| wZwb ewjjb
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ewje|(imyji mePq weLvZ Rxebx Beb wnkvg Beb BkvK _K, cv
667)| A_vr bexRx gyiZv`-NvlYvi wei fwelZi Mvivw PqQb| m
Mvivw w`Z ne cwZwU gymjgvbK|
Kjgvi `vq eo `vq, Kjgvi Acgvb Bmjvgi Acgvb ! Ab m~ Bgvg
nv^ji gmb` 6 L 260-i DwZZ cvIqv hvq bexRxi Zx ck Zzwg
49

wK Zvnvi e wPwiqv `wLqvQ ?-(e nvw`mi my Wt Zvnv Rvwei Avj&

AvjIqvbx w` Gw_ Ae& wWmGwMg Bb& Bmjvg)| AvR huviv gyiZv`
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Ki mB DPviY t Zzwg wK Zvnvi e wPwiqv `wLqvQ ? Kjgvi `vq nBZ
K ZvgvK iv Kwie, n gyiZv`-NvlYvKvix ?

kvwiqvi iRg!

(ci vNvZ gZz `)

ewfPvi wK ? ewfPvi ev ciKxqv nj hvi mv_ weq nqwb Zvi mv_ Aea
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BZvw`)| A_vr G-AvBb KvivYK jNb KiQ|
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cwiQ`) Avi mwn evLvix _K (nvdR gnv` Ave`yj Rwjj mvw`Z
evsjvq evLvwi kixdi gvUvgywU nvw`m b^i 1234 _K 1249 ch, g`xbv
wekwe`vjqi gynwmb Lvbi Abyev` I gIjvbv AvwRRyj nK mvnei Abyev`
268 b^i nvw`m)| G-me nvw`m ejv AvQ, bexRx weevwnZ/Zv-`i gZz `,
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Zvnj Avgiv `LwQ, KvivYi AvqvZi mv_ nvw`mjv wgjQ bv| Kb
Ggb nQ ? Zvnj bexRx wK myiv b~i bvwRj nevi AvM ciKxqvq
weevwnZ/Zv-`i gZz ` w`qwQjb ? G-cki Reve AvQ 1242 b^i
50

nvw`m, mvnvex ejQb wZwb Zv Rvbb bv| Avgiv ai wbZ cvwi h bexRx
iRg Ki _vKj G-me AvqvZ bvwRj nevi AvMB KiwQjb, ci bq|
Kbbv ci Kij Zv KvivYi wec hZ, mUv me bq|
Gevi GKUv weLvZ nvw`m `Lv hvK| mwn evLvwi nvw`m 1237, 1238,
1239, Ges wgkKvZ 26-Gi 1 (gymwjg RywimcW Av ` KvivwYK j
Ad vBg&m& _K) nvw`m _K Avgiv `wL t
1| gvqvR bvgi mvnvwe bexRxK ejj ZvK cwe KiZ|
2| bexRx ZvK nuvwKq w`jb GB ej `yi nI, AbyZvc Ki I gv PvI|
3| gvqvR wdi wMq Avevi wdi Gm GKB K_v ejj| bexRx GKB K_v
ejjb|
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ewfPvi KiQ|
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ejj, bv|
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7| ZLb bexRx ZvK cv_i gi nZv KiZ wb`k w`jb|
G-nvw`m mwZ nj bexRx AZ wZbevi ZvK AbyZvc-gvi w`K VjQb,
kvw Gwoq hvevi Pv KiQb, kl GKv eva nqB iRg NvlYv KiQb|
kvwiqvi AvBb GB mybZ gb Kvb Acivax-K wZbevi wdwiq `qvi wbqg
bB| cvMjvwg ev bkvi K_v wRm KivI bB| Avgiv Rvwb gvbyl vwgq,
Aciva GK njI me Acivax GK nq bv| GKB Aciva KD Ki Afve, KD
Ki ^fve, LvmjZ| GKB Aciva KD Ki DRbvi Mig gv_vq, KD Ki
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bv| A_P kvwiqvi `y` wVK ZvBB nq, nVvr-Aciva I LvmjZi Aciva
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eywgvbi KvR| jR Zzj m w`j `o| wK jvKiv IK ai gi djj|
G-NUbv b bexRx wK ejjb ? wK Kijb ? g`yK DPvwiZ nj Zuvi wjwLZ
AvBb fvv AwjwLZ AvBb jvKUvK Zvgiv cvjvZ w`j bv Kb ?
wgkKvZ 26-Gi 1, mwn Beb gvRvn 4_ L nvw`m 2554 I mwn mybvb Avey `vD`
nvw`m 4405 I 4406 | GB njb ingZzwjj Avj& Avwgb, GB nj vwgq AbyZ
gvbyli cwZ Zuvi AMva `i`, Amxg gv| Zuvi Mfxi A`w ay kvwi w`KB
bq, gvi w`KI| ^fve-Acivaxi LvmjZ Avi fvjv gvbyli nVvr cv wcQj
hvevi gaKvi weivU dvivKUv Rvbb wekbex|
Avevi KvivY wdi Avwm| myiv wbmv, AvqvZ 16 t Zvgv`i ga nBZ hB
51

`yBRb mB KzKg wj nq, Zvnvw`MK kvw c`vb Ki| AZtci hw` Dfq ZIev
Ki Ges wbR`i mskvab Ki, Ze Zvnv`i nBZ nvZ UvBqv bvI|
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AvqvZ 25 `vmx-x ciKxqv Kij ZvK ^vaxb-bvix`i AaK kvw w`Z
ne| G-AvqvZi evLvq kvwiqvcxiv ejb ^vaxb bvix gvb x bq, Ab
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ne ? gZz`i Zv AaK nq bv|
Avmj ciKxqvi gZz `i weavb GmQ B`x-KZve wWDUivbwg _K| hw`
KvnvK Ab jvKi xi mwnZ weQvbvq `Lv hvq Ze Zvnvw`MK gwiZ nBe ...
ZLb Zvgiv Dnvw`MK bMii dUK jBqv Avwme Ges cv_i viv AvNvZ Kwie
hvnvZ Zvnviv gwiqv hvq ...|
kvwiqvi c nRiZ Igii bvg weLvZ GK nvw`m AvQ, mwn gymwjg 2q Li
65 cvZ (gywnDxb Lvbi evsjv-KvivY, cv 926) Avi mwn evLvix 1243 I
1249 (nvdR Ave`yj Rwjj), evLvix 8g L nvw`m 817 (Wt gynwmb Lvb, gw`bv
wekwe`vjq) Ges Beb wnkvg/BkvK -684 cvq t AvjvnZvjv hvnv bvRj
KwiqvQb Zvnvi ga iRgi AvqvZI iwnqvQ ... imyjj
y v n (`t) iRg KwiqvQb
ZvB AvgivI Zuvnvi ci iRg KwiqvwQ ... iRgi AvqvZ cvV gbmyL (evwZj) nBqv
wMqvQ wK Kzg I weavb Pvjy iwnqvQ| wK mB evwZj AvqvZUv wK ? Kv_vq
mUv DavI nj ? AvqvZUv nj -Kvb eq bi I bvix ewfPvi Kwij Zvnvw`MK
cv_i gvwiqv nZv Ki mwn Beb gvRvn& 4_ L nvw`m bs 2553| wK Gi
ga duvK AvQ| KviY AvBb evwZj nj Zvi kvw Pvjy _vKZ cvi bv| AvqvZUv
Kv_vq DavI nj Zv jLv AvQ Bgvg nv^ji `wjj Avi mwn Beb gvRvn 3q L
nvw`m bs 1944-G| G-GK gvivZK nvw`m, `Lyb ewYZ AvQ h wewe Avqkv
(ivt) ewjqvQb, iRgi AvqvZ bvwRj nBqvwQj| AekB Bnv GKwU KvMRi
Dci wjLv nBqvwQj hvnv Avgvi Kzkbi bxP ivLv wQj| imyj (`t)-Gi BKvji
ci Avgiv hLb Zuvnvi mrKvi KwiZ e wQjvg ZLb GKwU MncvwjZ QvMj Ni
XywKqv Dnv LvBqv dj| Gi dUvKwc `qv njv|

52

kvwiqvq bvix mvx

wek-gymwjgi Rb G-GK gvivZK nvw`m| KviY myiv wnR&i&, AvqvZ 9-G

Avjvn my ejQb AvwgB GB Dc`kM bvwRj KwiqvwQ Ges AvwgB
Dnv msiY Kwie| Avjvn cvK-Gi Kvjvg QvMj LvIqv QvovI G nvw`m
AviI GK fqven mvebvi BwZ w`Q| Zv njv, bvwRj nIqv AvqvZ
KvivY bB| Abvb AvqvZ evwZji nvw`mI AvQ, eyLvix 4_ L 69|
wK K Ke Kv_vq Avjvni Kvjvg evwZj Kij Zvi `wjj cvIqv hvqwb|
Gevi KvivY _K kl cgvY| myiv Avb-b~i, AvqvZ 26 I 3 t `ywiv
bvixiv `ywi cyil`i Rb I `ywi cyiliv `ywiv bvix`i Rb ...
ewfPvix cyil Kej ewfPvwiYx bvix ev gykwiKv bvixKB weevn Ki Ges
ewfPvwiYxK Kej ewfPvix ev gykwiK cyilB weevn Ki|
A_vr ewfPvix cyil-bvixK gZz` w`j Zv`i jvki mv_ jvki weq
w`Z nq| mUv me bq| KvivY GKevi bxie njI bvnq K_v wQj, h
Kvb AvBb evbvevi myhvM wQj| wK KvivY Zv ewfPvix`i weqi K_v
ejv AvQ| AviI GKUv AKvU cgvY `Lyb| mviv Rxeb GZ K Ki Bmjvg
cwZv Kivi ci gymjgvbi cwZ ^qs bexRxi mekl wb`k KZ iZc~Y !
mB we`vq nR-Gi fvlY wZwb ejQb, x Akxj Kg A_vr Rbvq wj
nBjB Kej ZvnvK nvjKv gviai Kiv hvBe, gvivZKfve bq wewae
Bmjvwg AvBbi 3q L 852 cv|
bv, evwfPvwiYxi gZz`i wb`k `bwb Avjvi imyj| wK Zuvi gZzi ci
Zuvi wb`k Dcv Ki, KvivYi wb`k Dcv Ki kvwiqvq AbK
AvBbi gZ G AvBbI XvKvbv nqQ|
ciKxqv GKwU kvwhvM Aciva| wK kvwiqv AvBb h gZz` AvQ Zv
KvivYi Ljvd|


53

mv wK ? mv nj, Kvb jvK Kvb Aciva NUZ `Lj Ges Av`vjZ

wePviKi mvgb mUv eqvb Kij| evNv AcivaxI IUvKB mePq ewk fq cvq|
Kb Rvbb ? KviY nj Acivaxi wei Pvzl mvx mePq gvivZK A|
mRbB Acivaxiv mvxK Lyb ch Ki dj| aygv mvxi RviB Acivaxi
kvw nq, mvxi Afve mwZKvii AcivaxI Qvov cq hvq| G-QvovI AvQ
wekvmi mv jv Bjvnv Bjvjv gyn`yi imyjj
y vn Avwg mv w`wQ Avjvn
GKgv gvey` Avi gyn` Zuvi imyj| G-mv Qvov gymjgvbB nIqv hvq bv|
we`vq nR Zuvi kl fvlY bexRxI mevi KvQ _K mv wbqwQjb Avwg wK
Avjvi evYx Zvgv`i KvQ cuQvZ ciwQ ? j j nvZ AvKvk DV NvlYv
KiwQj wbqB, wbqB, Bqv imyjj
y vn| bexRx ejwQjb mvx _vK,
AvwgI mvx _vKjvg| m-RbB Lv` KvivYI ejQ mv Mvcb bv KiZ
evKviv 283, gvq`v 106, Bgivb 161, BZvw`|
GB nj Bmjvg mvi ghv`v, GB nj Av`vjZ mvi DcKvwiZv|
GZ bvix-cyil KvbB f` bB| GKUv cU hw` Kvb gvbyli PvL ivLv
nq Ze KD ejZ cvie bv IUv cyili PvL bv bvixi| MvQi Avg cyKz ii
gvQ AvKvki Zviv cyil hgb `L bvixI e wVK Zgwb `L| WvKvwZ
ev Lyb PvLi mvgb nj cyil hv `L bvixI ZvB `L| ZvB mvi
evcvi bvix-cyili KvbB f`vf` _vKvi K_v bq| Gevi Pjyb `wL
kvwiqv-AvBb cyil I bvixi mvi ga Kvb Zdvr Ki wK bv|
`y` gvgjvq bvix-mv Pje bv PviRb gymjgvb cyil mvxi cqvRb GAvBb AvQ nvbvwd AvBb 176 I 353 ct, kvwdB AvBb ct 638, Law
#o.24.9, gIjvbv gywnDwbi evsjv KvivY ct 239 I 928, wwgbvj j
Bb Bmjvg Av ` gymwjg Iqv ct 251, cbvj j Ad Bmjvg ct 44,
45 BZvw`Z| KviY wnme ejv AvQ, evakwi `yej
Zv, wZkwi
`yejZv I cwiwwZK Avq ivwLevi gZvi Afvei RbB bvix`i mv
c_g nBZB MnYhvM bn (` cbvj j Ae& Bmjvg 44 I 45 cv)|
wK Ijv evnvbv Qvov Avi wKQyB bq| `k `k Ggb Kvb KvR bB hv
bvixiv cyili gZvB KiQb bv, eis AbK Zuviv cyili Pq fvj
KiQb| Gi mv_ G-AvBbI AvQ `y` gvgjvq bvix wePviK nZ cvie
54

bv (wewae Bmjvgx AvBb 2q L ct 217, aviv 554)| G-RbB BivY me

bvix-wePviKK KvUi Kivwb evbvbv nqQ| whwb RvwZi Me nZ cviZb
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c`ZvM KiQb|
gb Kib Kvb gv-evbi PvLi mvgb Lyb ev WvKvwZ nj, mLvb Avi
KD bB| kvwiqv-Av`vjZ gvgjv Mj, gv-evb mvx w`Z Mjb| wK
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cgvYi Rb Kgc `yBRb cyil mvxi cqvRb nBe (aviv 593, 2q
L, ct 286 wewae Bmjvgx AvBb, BmjvwgK dvDkb evsjv`k)| GAvBbK mg_b Kivi Rb myiv evKviv 282 Avi myiv ZvjvK AvqvZ 2-Gi
K_v ejv nqQ| wK KvivY Lyj `Lyb ILvb Lybi Kvb K_vB bB|
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mvx ivLZ| kvwiqvq GK nvw`mi m~ G-I ejv AvQ, `yRb cyili
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287)| A_ev, Pvzl mv bv _vKj ay AvjvgZi wfwZ Lybx-WvKvZi
kvw ne bv (H aviv 600-Gi weklY, 2q L ct 292)| A_P Lybi
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kvwiqv eBZI ejv nqQ AvBbjv e`jvbvi myhvM AvQ (H ct 267,
aviv 576) wK e`jvbv Zv nqB wb eis bv e`wjqB GB AvBb Zuviv `k
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55

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56

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hvBZ cvi| myZivs, bibvixi mvg Qvov Ab wKQy ewjevi Kvb hywB bvB
http://www.crescentlife.com/thisthat/feminist%20muslims/testimony_of_
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57

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58

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59

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60

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61

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GUvK Bmjvwg ej wekvm Kivbv nqQ|
2| AbK gymwjg wekl GUvK AbmjvwgK ej Gi cwZev` KiQb wPiKvj|
3| 2006 mvj gymwjg bZviv GKhvM GUv AbmjvwgK ej NvlYv
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c Bmjvwg bq, Ges Kb bq| ^v_i Rb wKQy
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GKaibi AvZcZviYv Ges AZvPvwiZvi cwZ wekvmNvZKZv| A_P Zuv`i
KgKvi Ici Bmjvgi DcKvwiZv I fveg~wZ AbKUvB wbfi Ki| Aea
NvlYv Ges AvBb cvk Kivi ciI AvwdKvq GUv gvUB Kgwb, e Zv
nqBwb| agi bvg Kvb c_v GKevi cwZwZ nq Mj NvlYv ev AvBb
w`q Zv e Kiv hvq bv KviY gvbyl IUv gb Pjvi ga mIqve AvQ gb
Ki Ges mvK jNb KiZ fq cvq| ZvB IB ag _KB Gi wei m~ I
hyw Zzj Gb gvV-chvq I miKvi-chvq KvR KiZ nq, MYPZbv mw
KiZ nq| fviZ mwZ`vn-c_v e ev weaev-weevn Pvjy Kivi I Avgiv
G-cwZB `wL| gymwjg bZviv hv Kibwb wK bv-Kiv ch GUv e ne
bv, Zv nj G-c_vi kKoK Bmjvwg cwZZB evwZj Kiv| A_P evwZj Zv
70

`~ii K_v, bZviv mB kKoi DjL ch Kibwb| AbK bZv dm& Ki

ej djb KvivY-nvw`m Gi mg_b bB| K_vUv gvUB mwZ bq|
KvivY GUv bB eU wK nvw`m I kvwiqv AvBb AekB AvQ, bvnj GKzc_v GZ `xNw`b PjZ cviZ bv|
1| cyil I bvixi Rb gymjgvwb evaZvg~jK kvwd AvBb bs e.4.3|
GLvb B bvix ejv AvQ|
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ejv AvQ e eqm (meZ e eqm Bmjvg MnY Kij jLK)
I Abvb h_ KviY|
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5| gw`bvq GK gwnjv gymjgvwb KwiZ| imyj (mvt) ZvnvK ewjjb
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Rb AvKvwZ mwn Avey `vD` nvw`m bs 5251| nvw`mi fvlv
_KB eySv hvq mB gwnjv bvixi gymjgvwb KiZ|
GQvovI mwn gymwjg 3q L nvw`m 684, mwn Beb gvRvn 1g L nvw`m 608
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AvQ| kvwd AvBbi Abyev`K evKU wbRi _K hvM KiQb nv^wj gZ
bvix-gymjgvwb evaZvg~jK bn eis mybZ, nvbvwd gZ Bnv ^vgxi cwZ
mRb| ^fveZB G-me m~i wfwZ ILvbKvi gIjvbviv (GgbwK
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Avgv`i `~i ivLyK mg cvc _K Wt gvqyb AvRv`i bvix cv 197
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71

Kivi KviYB ILvbKvi gIjvbv`i AbK Avgv`iK gyiZv` gb Kib

Ges Avgv`iK Lyb ch Kivi Rb Zwi| G-me kwkvjx m~i mvgb
wgkii Bmjvwg Kbdvii NvlYv euvkcvZvi gZ Do hvq| miKviiI
mva bB `~i gd^ji Mvg-M vbxq gIjvbv`i wbqYvaxb KvwU KvwU
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cywjk-wgwjUvwi w`q civ Kivi evcviI GUv bq, GUv RbMYi agxq AveM
hv iv, AvBb ev cywjk-wgwjUvwii Pq nvRvi Y kwkvjx| KvRB Avgv`i
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_K `Lvbv nvw`mi DwZ w`q weki mevP kvwiqv-bZv Wt BDmyd
KviRvfx ejQb t GB mKj nvw`m wbfihvM ewjqv Kvb cgvY bB
m~ weki eng kvwiqv-IqemvBU Bmjvg Ab& jvBb t
http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-EnglishAsk_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503543886

Zvici `iKvi wekgq Av`vjb Mo Zvjv| G-QvovI cqvRb vbxq

gIjvbv`i mv_ AvjvPbvq emv, vbxq miKvijvi mnvqZvq (G mnvqZv
AvQ) vbxq iwWI-wUwf-msev`c-gvMvwRb gvMZ cPvi Pvwjq
RbMYK eySvbv Kb G-c_v Bmjvg-weivax| mB mv_ G-mZUvI Rvbvbv
h G-Kzc_v cvPxb BDivc wQj, mLvb _KB GUv AvwdKvq XyKQ|
mRbB Ab gnv`ki gymjgvb`i ga GUv weij| gb ivLZ ne,
GKUv w`b `wi gvb Aviv KqK nvRvi gymwjg bvixi Rxeb asm|
`ytLK euU wbj bvwK AaK nq| ZvB Gevi Avcbv`i mv_ eo GKUv
`ytL euU wbwQ| DwZ w`wQ weki bvg-Kiv kvwiqv-Drm _KB t
1| kL BDmyd Avj& KviRvfx ewjqvQb Bnv (bvix-gymjgvwb)
evaZvg~jK bn| Kn hw` gb Ki BnvZ Zvnvi Kbvi gj nBe
Ze Bnv Kiv DwPZ| weki eZgvb cwiwwZZ Avwg Bnv (bvix-gymjgvwb
jLK) mg_b Kwi| Bmjvg Ab& jvBb t
http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-EnglishAsk_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503543886

wK-C ? bvix-gymjgvwbi gZ fqvj wnsmZvK weki eZgvb cwiwwZZ Avwg

mg_b Kwi ?? G-`ytL ivLe Kv_vq ?
2| Avgv`i kvwiqvcx ivRbwZK `jjvi gZ wgkiI AvQ BLIqvbyj
gymjgxb, gymwjg ev`viW bvg weLvZ| IivI ILvb kvwiqv-wfwK
72

Bmjvwg iv cwZvq ecwiKi| wgki-miKvi e AvM I`i eAvBwb

NvlYv Kij Iiv ZLb _KB ^Z wnme ivRbxwZ KiQ| evsjv`ki
kvwiqvcx ivRbwZK `jjvi gZ MZ wbevPbI I`i ek KRb
mvsm` nqQ| 14B Ryb 2008 ZvwiL wgki miKvi hLb bvixgymjgvwbK Aciva wnme AvBb cvk KiQ Ges G-Acivai kvwI
iLQ, ZLb Iiv wK KiQ `Lyb t gymwjg ev`viWi Zxe evavi
gyL GB AvBb cvk nq...gymwjg ev`viWi mvsm`iv evivevi `vwe Ki
h GB AvBb Bmjvwg kvwiqvi cwicx Ges cwgv gZjei ^v_ iv
Ki...bvix-gymjgvwbK eAvBwb Kivi A_ cvcK DrmvwnZ
Kiv...Zvnv`i (cwgv `ki jLK) AbmjvwgK AvRv wgki
cwZv Kivi Rb cwgv cwZvb nBZ NCMC cPzi Wjvi cvBqvQ
wgkii mevwaK cPvwiZ Bmjvwg mvvwnK Avj& Avnivg| NCMC nj
National Council for Motherhood and Childhood hvi c
vei wfwZ G-AvBb cvk nq|
wK-C ? bvix-gymjgvwbi gZ eei wbziZvK eAvBwb Kivi A_ cvcK
DrmvwnZ Kiv ?? G-`ytL ivLe Kv_vq ?
Gevi cvwKvbi kvwiqv evsjv`ki fwelr ? Aavq `L wbb Z_vKw_Z
Avjvi AvBb t ciKxqv I alYi cgvY nBe (K) Awfhyi ^xKvivw,
A_ev (L) PviRb eq cyil gymjgvbi Pvzl mv `y` AvBb bs 7
(1979), bs 20 (1980) viv mskvwaZ, 8-Gi L| 2006 mvj msm` GAvBb evwZji cv e DVj kvwiqvx ivRbwZK `j w nq `kevcx
Av`vjb I msm` _K c`ZvMi gwK w`q ejQ kvwiqv gvZveK GB
AvBbB mwVK, Gi KvbiKg cwieZb KvivY I kvwiqvi Ljvd| G-cwieZb
`kK Aeva hbZvi ^M evbve|
wK-C ? alYi cgvY PviRb eq cyil gymjgvbi Pvzl mv ? G-AvBb
cwieZb Kij `k hbZvi ^M ne ? G-`ytL ivLe Kv_vq ?
kvwiqv-bZviv gyL hv-B ejyb Zuv`i wbR`iB eve KgKv Zuv`i Pwi
AbmjvwgK cgvY KiQ|
wek-gymwjg Avi KZKvj GB Pwii nvZ wRw nq _vKe ?

73

Bmjvg bvixi weevnweevn-weQ`i AwaKvi

c_gB gb w`q co wbb mwn eyLvix Wt gynwmb Lvbi Abyw`Z, 7g L nvw`m
206 wKsev mwn eyLvix nvw`m bs 2477 (nvdR Ave`yj Rwjj) t GLbI
Avgvi PvLi mvgb fvwmZQ h, eixivi ^vgx gyMxm Kuvw`ZQ Ges Zvnvi
wcQywcQy QywUZQ| PvLi cvwbZ Zvnvi `vwo wfwRqv Mj| GB `k `wLqv
bex Kixg (`t) ewjjb, n Avevm ! eixivi cwZ gyMxmi fvjevmv Avi
gyMxmi cwZ eixivi Dcv AZ AvhRbK ! wZwb eixivK ewjjb,
Zzwg hw` gyMxmK cybivq MnY KwiZ ! m ewjj, Bqv imyjj
y v n ! Bnv wK
Avcbvi wb`k ? wZwb ewjjb, Avwg Bnv mycvwik KwiZwQ| eixiv ewjj,
gyMxmi cwZ Avgvi Kvb AvKlY bvB|
wK gb nq ? gyMxm eixivK GZUvB fvjevmZ h m Kuvw`ZQ Ges
Zvnvi wcQywcQ~ QywUZQ, PvLi cvwbZ Zvnvi `vwo wfwRqv Mj| GZ
fvjevmvi ciI gyMxmi cwZ Avgvi Kvb AvKlY bvB gvbB nj eixiv
gyMxmi mv_ msmvi Kie bv, ZvB bv ? bexRx wP ZvK Z`evqB
_vKZ w`jb, `Lyb gywnDbi Abyw`Z KvivY, cv 271t- eixiv AviR
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y v n ! GwU Avcbvi wb`k nj wkivavh, cvi mycvwik
nj Avgvi gb ZvZ mZ bq| imyjj
y v n (mvt) ejjb t wb`k bq,
mycvwikB| eixiv RvbZb h, imyjj
y v n (mvt) bxwZi evBi Am neb bv|
ZvB cwivi fvlvq AviR Kijb t Zvnj G mycvwik Avwg MnY Kie bv|
imyjyjvn (mvt) wP ZvK Z`evqB _vKZ w`jb|
wK gb nq ? bexRx wK eixivK eva KiwQjb gyMxmi Ni KiZ ? bv,
Kibwb| KviY bvix Kvi mv_ msmvi Kie m-evcvi cyili gZ bvixi BQAwbQB P~ov| xi wbRi Zid _K ZvjvK `evi AwaKvi Qwoq AvQ
KvivY _K bexRx nq mvnvex ch, Dyj gygbxb (bexRxi x-MY) _K
mvnvex-bvix ch| m~jv `Lyb Ges wbRi weeKK ck Kib t Narrated
Aisha: Allahs Apostle gave us the option and we selected Allah
and His Apostle. So, giving us that option was not regarded as
divorce mwn eyLvix g`xbv wekwe`vjqi Wt gynwmb Lvb Abyw`Z, 7g L
nvw`m 188 (wKQy Abyev`K evKU wbRi K_v XywKq w`qQb (to remain
with him or to be divorced) Ges (to be divorced), Ijv ev` w`wQ)|
74

Gi mv_ myiv AvZ& Zvnixg-Gi c_g AvqvZjv I Avj& Avnhve-Gi

AvqvZ 28 I 29 wgwjq `Lj evSv hve Avjvn ^qs bex-cZx`iK
AwaKvi w`qwQjb bexRxi mv_ _vKvi ev ZuvK Qo hvevi| m AwaKvi
cqvM KiB Zuviv bexRxK Qo hvbwb| GUv Zuv`i wmv Ges mwVK
wmv| GUv wbqB mwZ h bex-cZx`i me welq mevi Ici chvR bq
(`Lyb Avnhve 30 BZvw`)| wK GB wekl welqUv, A_vr KvivYi I
bexRxi `qv bvixi wbRi Zid _K ZvjvKi AwaKvi mevi Ici chvR
Zv nvw`mI cgvwYZ| KviY Avwg Zvnvi cg cwojvg ewjqvB ZvnvK
Avgvi mwnZ Ni KwiZ nBe GUv Rsjx AvBb nZ cvi, Bmjvgi bq|
Lyj `Lyb myiv wbmv AvqvZ 19 Ye are forbidden to inherit
women against their will. Nor should ye treat them with
harshness, that ye may take away part of the dower ye have
given them, except where they have been guilty of open
lewdness BDmyd Avjx)| bvix`i BQvi wei Zv`i DivwaKvix
nIqv wbwl Kiv nj, cKvk AkxjZv bv Kiv ch Zv`i `bgvnii Ask
wdwiq bqv ev KKk eenvi Kiv wbwl Kiv nj| wK Avh PgrKvi Kzg
KvivYi ! Gi mv_ wgwjq wbb myiv ZvjvK 1 cKvk AkxjZv bv Kiv
ch xK ewnvi Kiv wbwl Kiv nj|
DivwaKvix kUv Aviwe fvlvi GKwU Awfew gv, mwi gZ `vmx-gvwjKi
evcvi bqevsjvq hgb v-LvIqvi gvb uKvUvK Kvgo w`q Lq djv bq|
`bgvni kUv m`nvZxZfve cgvY Ki h AvqvZUv xi evcviB KviY x
Qvov wfyeb Avi KvDKB `bgvni `qv hvq bv| Gi mg_b cveb wekweLvZ
kvwiqvwe` Wt Rvgvj ev`vIqx (http://www.jannah.org/sisters/end/html), e Bmjvwg
wekli `j GgbwK Avgv`i cP kvwiqvcx Bmjvwg `wbK BbwKjve-I (04
Rvbyqvix 2006) hw`I cvxci Abyiva GKUv gvnivbv wbaviY Kiv nq
Ze AwaKvsk weevn Abyvb gvnivbvi GKUv Ask Av`vq Kiv njI
gvnivbvi gvUv Ask Abv`vqx _K hvq...cvxI Rvb Zvi wbavwiZ gvnivbv
Av` Kvbw`b Zvi nMZ ne bv, hv wbtm`n myiv wbmvi 19 bs AvqvZi
Kzgi cwicx, A_vr nvivg KvR|
Zvnj ?
Avi KZfve KZevi KvivYK ejZ ne bvixi AwaKvii K_v ? Avi
KZevi GB Kzg jNb Kie Z_vKw_Z Avjvi AvBb weevn-weQ` PvBj
xK Lyjv AvBbi bvg ^vgx ev wePviKi `qvi Ici wbfi KiZ ne ?
`Lyb Wt gynwmb Lvbi Abyw`Z eyLvix 7g L nvw`m 199 t
75

_vweZ web Kvqmi x imyji wbKU Avwmqv ewjj, n Avjvni imyj !

_vweZ web Kvqmi Pwi ev xb`vixi Dci Avgvi Kvb AwfhvM bvB| wK
Avgvi fq nBZQ Avwg Avjvni AbyM ni cwZ KZ _vwKZ cvwie bv
(A_vr ^vgxi cwZ KZe MvwdjwZ nZ cvi nvw`m 2483, nvdR
Ave`yj Rwjj)| BnvZ imyj ewjjb, Zzwg wK Zvnvi evMvbUv dir w`Z
ivRx ? m ewjj, nuv| AZGe m ZvnvK evMvb dir w`j Ges imyj (`t)
_vweZK ZvjvK w`Z ewjjb| (GB xi bvg Rvwgjv nvw`m bs 200)|
`Ljb ? ^vgx fvjevmjI wKsev m xb`vix fvj gvbyl njI bvix eva
bq m msmvi KiZ hv Zvi gb Pvq bv| bvixK BQi GB cvKwZK AwaKvi
w`qQ KvivY I imyj| Gi ciI kvwiqv AvBb Lyj& evbvbv nqQ hvZ
x ZvjvK PvBj KvU gvgjv KiZ ne| kvwiqv AvBb AvQ kvixwiK
AgZv, ewk gviwcU, LiP bv `Iqv BZvw` wekl `yGKUv KviYi
cgvY _vKj KvRx wbR _K weevn evwZj KiZ cvib| Ime cgvY bv
_vKj KvU xi KvQ _K UvKv wbq ^vgxK w`q ^vgxi AbygwZi Pv
Kie, bZzev xi BQi KvbB `vg bB kvwiqv AvBb (we-B-Av 1g L, ct
158, aviv 355 ; kvwdB AvBb #n.5.0, nvbvwd AvBb n`vqv cv 112,
kvwiqv w` BmjvwgK j Wt Ave`yi ingvb WvB, ct 192)| eve Zv
Avgiv `wL Imei cgvY KZ KwVb| ZvQvov, Kvb wePviKB Zv `eZv bb|
wZwbI AvbZvi `iY, AveMi KviY ev Nyl Lq bvixi Rxeb `vRL
KiZ cvib t `L wbb kvwiqv, AwZZi `wjj wbe|
KvivY-imyji `qv bvixi BQAwbQi GB Bmjvwg AwaKviUv mB Ke
WvKvwZ nq MQ ! GKw`K gyLwy gw K_vq Avi Abw`K GBme AvBbi
wbgg wnsmZvq AmsL gymwjg bvixi Kvbvq fi AvQ BwZnvm| K Zviv, hviv
wKQy Rvj nvw`mi Rvi GB KvivY-weivax AbmjvwgK AvBb KvwU
gymwjg bvixi Rxeb wbq wQwbwgwb LjQ ? K Zviv, hvi cwZv KiQ cyil
ZvjvK `e Avi bvix ZvjvK be, ZvI Avevi wVK ZvjvK bq, Lyjv be ?
`Lyb kvwiqv AvBb t GK ev `yevi ZvjvK `evi cvi ^vgx Zvnvi xK
Avevi wdivBqv jBZ cvi, xi mwZ _vKzK ev bv _vKzK (wewae
Bmjvwg AvBb 1g L aviv 352)| ^vgx Ggb `eZv Ke _K nj ? ^vgxK
Ggb `eZ _K bvgvbvB Zv imyji wekl msMvg wQj ! AwbQvi msmvi
Kvbw`b myLi nq ? Bmjvgi bvg bvixi cvq Ggb Bmjvg-weivax kKj
K civj ? bvix wK cyili mw h Zvi BQ AwbQi Kvb `vg bB ?
Bmjvgi bvg Avgv`i gv-evbi cwZ Avi KZ Mi-QvMji gZ eenvi
Kie Avgiv ? kvwiqvcxiv ejb msmvi euvPvbvi Rb Gme wVK AvQ|
Avh Kzhyw| bvixi mvb Avi AwaKvi RevB Ki h msmvi wUwKq ivLv
nq mUv Bmjvwg msmvi nq wK Ki ? elgi GB kKo wKQy kvwiqvcx`i
gv_vq GgbB KwVbfve em MQ h Zuviv Bmjvgi bvg Bmjvg jNbi
76

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^vgxi wbKU ZvjvKi BQv cKvk KwiZ cvi, wK Bnv wbfi Ki ^vgx
Zvnvi Abyiva ivwLe wK bv Zvnvi Dci| ZvjvKi AvBb cwieZbi cv e
mivmwi KvivY-weivax, Avgiv Bnv cwZiva Kwie|
gydwZ IB nvw`mjv `L GKUz wPv KijB eySZ cviZb wZwb Avmj
cwZiva KiQb KvivY-imyjKB| A_P GB wZwbB bvixK KvivY-imyji
`qv AwaKvii mg_b KiZ cviZb| Gmei Reve ZuvK LvjKi KvQ
w`Z ne GKw`b, hw`b e `wi nq hve| GB Lyjv AvBb AZxZeZgvb AmsL bvixi Rxeb wKfve asm nqQ Zvi wKQy `wjj `L wbb
kvwiqv, AZxZi `wjj wbe| wKQy gymwjg AvQb huviv BvibUi wbe
Lyjvi wei evNi gZ vi cP jLvjwL Kib wK kvwiqvcx`i
mvgb cojB AwZkq f` nq hvb|
AbK dwKn& AZxZ-eZgvb AbK wKQyB wjL MQb, mjv Avgv`i
Ici Bmjvg wnme Pvwcq `qvUv wK Bmjvg ? Avgiv wK mjv gvbZ
eva ? gvUB bq| wbR`i K_viB Pig weivaxZvq kvwiqv-RMr fi AvQ|
D`vniY `Lyb t gnvbex (mvt) ejb h ew n-ewnf~Z Aciva ni
mgvb kvw w`j m mxgvjNbKvix`i Afy| GiciB ejv nj Aek
mvweK KjvYi w`K weePbv Kwiqv AvBb cYqbKvix KZc ni
cwigvYi AwaK kvwI w`Z cvib| Zvnj mxgvjNbKvix`i wK ne ?
GUv Zv Zuv`iB mybZ cvjb-Gi Ljvd nj, ZvB bv ? Avi, myiv ZvjvKi
DwZ w`q ejv nQ ZvjvKi mgq `yBRb mvx ivLe| wK Gi ciB ejv
nQ t wK dwKn&MYi gZ ZvjvK`vbi mvx ivLv evaZvg~jK bn,
gyvnve (Dg) we-Av-B 1g L cv 479 I 232| GUv Zv GKevi
mivmwi KvivY jNb nj| Gfve KvivY-imyj jNb Ki wK mebvk GbQb
Zuviv Avgiv Zv gymwjg-wek `LZB cvwQ|
Avmj Zuviv GKUv B`x AvBbK Avjvi AvBb wnme Pvwjq w`qQb|
GB Lyjv kvwiqv AvBbUv GmQ B`x AvBb _K, GK ej MU| kvwiqv
AvBbi gZB I`i G-AvBb ^vgx xK ZvjvK w`Z cvi wK x ZvjvK
PvBj eQii ci eQi MxRvq QyUvQywU KiZ nq, ARm UvKv XvjZ nq,
Awdm _K webv eZbi QywU wbZ nq ev PvKwi QvoZ nq, ^vgxK UvKv
w`Z nq, GgbwK evPv`iI fiYcvlYi UvKv ZvM KiZ nq| KviY
Avgv`i kvwiqv AvBbi gZB I`iI agxq ZvjvK bv nj m x Avevi weq
KiZ cvi bv (^vgx wK cvi, kvwiqv AvBbi gZB)| KvRB xi Pv,
hvZ ivevB mvne (Avgv`i gIjvbv ev wn`y`i cyiZ VvKzii gZ I`i nj
ivevB) KvbgZ ^vgxi KvQ _K ZvjvKUv wKb wbZ cvib| djvdj cP
wbPvc| x hZY `bgvni Ges wbRi I evPv`i KvwW ev fiYcvlY
77

ZvM bv KiQ ZZY ^vgx ZvjvKi AbygwZ `e bv, xI Avevi weq

KiZ cvie bv| KLbv ^vgx Gi evBiI wKQy Dcwi KvgvBqi avvq Aviv
UvKv Pq em, Gi eve D`vniYI Avgv`i KvQ AvQ| eySZB cviQb,
UvKvi Afve, KvU hvIqv-Avmv, KvU I DwKji LiP, ivbvevbv, evPv`i
`Lvkvbv, cwievi-mgvRi KUv-KU~w BZvw` wgwjq Ggb fqvbK Aevi
mw nq h ePviv Amnvq x gyL eyR AZvPvi mn Ki, KvU hvq bv|
A_P KvivY-imyj ZvK wK my`i AwaKvi w`qwQj BQgZ myLi msmvi
Kivi, DwKj KvU-KvPvwi ^vgx ev Ab Kviv `qvi gyLvcx nq _vKvi bq|
G `ytL ivLeb Kv_vq !

kvwiqv AvBbi D`vniY

gb Kib evRvi gv_ve_vi GKUv Ilya AvQ hv evbvZ nvRviv evwbKi
j cvi mywekvj MelYv jMQ| wK IUv Lj gv_ve_v Zv mviB bv,
eis cU Lvivc nq hvq| Ggb IlyaK wK Ki gvbyl ? bxP `Lyb wKQy
kvwiqv AvBbI e ZvB | A_P wkKvj _K Avjvi AvBb jej `LZ
`LZ eo nevi dj IB Abvq AZvPvi AbKi PvL co bv| gZvi
loh Avi cyilZ wKQy gymjgvbi eySevi gZvK wewfb evLv w`q
Aek Ki w`qQ| wK GZ Abvq AvBb eySZ Avgv`i KvivY-nvw`m
coZ ne Kb ? Avgv`i weeK bB ? eyw bB ?
c_gB cvPxb fviZi wKQy cvPxb AvBb `Lv hvK| cyilZi meMv mx
jvjmvi cvkvcvwk bvix-wbqYi AviKUv cavb KviY nj t Mothers
Baby, Fathers May be A_vr wbRi evPv`i wcZZ wbwZ Kiv|
Avwg G AvBbjv `LvwQ kvwiqvi mv_ Zzjbv Kivi Rb bq, eis GUv
`LvZ, Avgv`i AbK hgb kvwiqvK Avjvni AvBb gb Kib miKg
IivI IB AvBbjvK fMevbi AvBb ej wekvm KiZ| weLvZ wPcwiPvjK `xcv gn&Zv Zuvi mvcwZK Qwe IqvUvi-G `wLqQb fviZ
GLbI cvq cuqwk j weaev wbRi BQvq ci PqI Aag Rxebhvcb
Ki `ynvRvi eQi AvM evbvbv gbyi AvBbK fMevbi AvBb gb Ki|
A_P gby GKRb gvbylB wQj| ay ZvB bq, KD Gme AvBb msvi KiZ
78

ejj ZvivI kvwiqvcx`i gZB Zo gviZ Avm| `Lyb, agi bvg Gme AvBbI bvixi cwZ cyili GKB welv gbvfve KvR KiQ|

weaevK gZ ^vgxi mv_ cywoq gvivi AvBb t RxweZ bvixK wbq

hvIqv nQ gZi ea~ nZ...GB bvix cwZjvK hvQ, G-cvPxb ixwZ
AbymiY KiQ (A_ee` 18/3/3)|
wcZvgvZvi Rb Kbv Awfkvc (Hixq evY 6/3/13)|
jvwV w`q xK gi `yej Kiv DwPZ hvZ kixii Ici Zvi Kvb
AwaKvi bv _vK (kZc_ evY 4/4/2/13)|
meYvw^Zv bvixI AagZg cyili Pq Aag (Zixq mswnZv 6/5/8/2)|
MnKg I `vwqZ xi Amvgvb Ae`vbi ciI fvhv (x) I fZ
k `yUvi eyrcwMZ A_ GKB hvK fiY A_vr fiYcvlY KiZ
nq `yUviB Drm f avZz)|
cy-Kbvi mvgb ^vgx DccZx Avbv ev ekvMgb KiZ cvie wK
xi mvgvb c`jb mgvR KVvi ` `e (gvqbx-i wewfb AvBb I
Zwixq mswnZv 6/5/8/2)|
Kvjv cvwL, kKzb, bDj, QuyPv, KzKzi I bvix nZvi cvqw GKB
(Avc agm~ 1/9/23/45)|
bvixK Aei ivLv, bvnj Zvi kwq ne (kZc_ evY 14/1/1/31)|
GKwU h m`vRvZ cyK Ici Zzj aiv nq, KbvK gvwUZ Bq
ivLv nq (Zixq mswnZv 6/5/10/3)|
Dg bvix nj h ^vgxK m Ki, cy-mvbi Rb `q I ^vgxi
K_vi Ici K_v ej bv (Hixq evY 3/24/27)|
mvb bv Rbvj 10 eQi ci I cy bv Rbvj 12 eQi ci xK ZvM
Kiv hve (Avc agm~ 1/10-51-53)|
hvi xi Pq ci msLv ewk m mfvMevb (kZc_ evY 2/3/2/8)|

BZvw` kZ kZ| (m~ t cvPxb fviZ mgvR I mvwnZ Wt myKzgvix fPvh,

hv`ecyi wekwe`vjqi cvb wkK KqviwUf wjUviPvi Av KvjPvi)|
GKB iKg cP bvix-weivaxZv wQj mvi bvg evbvbv B`x Lxvb AvBbI,
Zvi wKQyUv aiv AvQ evBeji wWDUibwg Aavq|
h kvwiqvi Rb GZ n n, hvi cQb GZ cwZvb GZ Kgx GZ A_, hvi
Rb evsjv`k kvwiqv-Rxiv evgvevwR Ki GZ wbixn gvbyl Lyb Kij, GZ
weaev nj, GZ GwZg nj mB kvwiqv AvBbjv Avmj wK Zv KD `Lvb
bv| wK AvBbjv hw` RvwZ bv-B Rvb Ze Gi Ici wmv be wK
Ki? ZvB Gevi Pjyb Zvnj Bmjvgi mePq wbfihvM wKQy kvwiqv
79

KZve _K wKQy kvwiqv-AvBb `wL| KvDK wKQyB ejZ ne bv, AvBbjv

wbRivB Avgv`i ej `e AvmjB Zviv wK| ZvB Lye mZKfve KUv
wRwbm Lqvj ivLeb|
(1) KvivY-nvw`m gvbevwaKvi I bvix-AwaKvii Ici AZ my`i e Dc`k
AvQ KD m Dc`k bv gvbj Av`vjZ kvw nq bv| wK bvix-weivax
AvBb bv gvbj kvw nq| Avcbviv Rvbb ^v_i mNvZ AvBbi KvQ
Dc`k civwRZ nZ eva| KvRB kvwiqv nq `uvwoqQ bvixi gZz duv`|
(2) hjvZ AvBb b^i `qv AvQ mjv cqvMi Rb Zwi| bvnj
b^i `qv _vKZ bv| wKQy AvBbi evLvq ejv AvQ G AvBb
cwieZbi myhvM AvQ| wK Pvk eQi cwieZb bv nq AvBbjv
cqvM nqB PjQ AbK `k| cwiKbv KiB GUv Kiv nq, fyj Ki bq|
(3) AvBbjvi e RvqMvq ejv AvQ hvnv wi Kiv nBqvQ wKsev h
AwaKvi `qv nBqvQ wKsev h wmv bIqv nBqvQ BZvw`| wmvUv
K wbj, AwaKviUv K w`j ev wiUv K Kij Zv Lqvj KijB `Lv
hve Gjv KiQb wKQy gvbyl| Zuviv w`evbx bex-imyj Zv bb| KvRB
Zuv`i K_v gvbv ev bv-gvbv m~Y Avgv`i wekl`i AwaKvi|
(4) wK kvwiqv AvBb ejv nqQ AwZZi H-me wmv KD bv gvbj m
gyiZv`, A_vr Zvi gZz ` ne| Gfve wbR`i eZgvb wekl`iK
evKgj Ki cy Ki wek-gymwjg AvR Kv_vq cuQQ Zv mevB Rvbb|
bxPi D`vniYjv cvq meB Avgv`i KvQ AvQ, KD Kvb cvi dUvKwc
`LZ PvBj dv b^i cvwVq `eb, Avgiv dv Ki cvUv `ywbqvi h
Kvbv RvqMvq cvwVq `e| G-eBq we-B-Av nj evsjv`k Bmjvwg
dvDkb KZK evsjvq cKvwkZ wewae Bmjvwg AvBb| Avi evsjv KvivY
ejZ eySvbv nqQ gIjvbv gywnDwbi Kiv KvivYi evsjv Abyev`| ej
`qv `iKvi, m~ wekl wKQy AvBbi cv_K `Lv hvq|
wewe-B-Av 1g L I Abvb m~ _K t
Lvevi, evmvb I cvkvK w`Z ^vgx eva _vKe aygv eva xK,
Aeva xK bq| Gi evBii me LiP GgbwK Wvvii, Ilyai ev
m`h-PPvi LiP BZvw` ne ^vgxi KiYv I `qv| (ejvB evj, x
Aeva wK bv mUv wVK Kie ^vgx wbRB)| nvbvwd AvBb ct 140 ;
kvwdB AvBb ct 544 Law #m.11.4 ; gywnDxb Lvbi Abyw`Z
evsjv KvivY ct 867 Zdmxi t xi h cqvRbxq eqfvi enb Kiv
^vgxi whvq IqvwRe (eva), Zv PviwU ei ga mxgve Avnvi,
cvbxq, e I evmvb| ^vgx Gi ewk wKQy xK w`j A_ev eq Kij
Zv ne AbyMn , Acwinvh bq|
80

(^vgxi) e-ZvjvK mv kZ bn (we-B-Av 1g L, aviv 344)|

Gevi Lyjyb KvivY, myiv ZvjvK, AvqvZ 2 Zvgiv hLb xw`MK
ZvjvK w`Z PvI ZLb `yBRb mvx ivwLe|
kvwiqvq Pzwi, WvKvwZ, ciKxqv, g`cvb, iv`vwnZv BZvw`i kvw nj
nvZ-cv KvUv, Rbmg PveyKi AvNvZ, Rbmg cv_i gi gZz`,
BZvw`| wK IB kvwiqv AvBbB AvQ ivcavbi wei `y` gvgjv
Kiv hve bv (we-B-Av 3q L bs 914 Ges nvbvwd AvBb ct 188)|
we-B-Av 1g L, ct 301 t hw` ivcavb ev Zuvi cwZwbwa KvDK eva
Ki Kvb bvixK alY KiZ, Ze alYKvix kvw cve bv|G-AvBb
ivcavb ev Zuvi cwZwbwai Kvb kvwi DjL bB| KD ejZ
cvib, Ab kvwi K_v AvQ| wK GLvbI mUv bB ej Kvb
evKcUz `yal DwKj Zvi Acivax gjK Lvjvm Ki beB, KD
VKvZ cvie bv|
we-B-Av 1g L, ct 311, aviv 149 t evevi mv MnYhvM bq| wK
evevi Zv PvL AvQ, m Zv `LZ cvi| Zvi mv Qvov Pvi-WvKvZLybxiv cvi cq hveB KLbv KLbv| GUv Avjvni AvBb nZ cvi bv|
`vm-`vmx, MvwqKv Ges mgvRi bxPz ewi (DwZ t ivv cwiviKvix ev
kPvMvii cnix, BZvw`) mv MnYhvM bq| nvbvwd AvBb ct 361 ;
kvwdB AvBb ct 636 Law #o.24.3.3 ; cbvj j Ae& Bmjvg ct
46 ; wewae 2q L, ct 263)| wK I`iI Zv PvL-Kvb-weeK
AvQ| Iiv Zv Pzwi-WvKvwZ `LZ cvi wVK Avgvi-Avcbvi gZB|
I`i mv Qvov Pvi-WvKvZ-Lybxiv cvi cq hveB KLbv KLbv|
GUv Avjvni AvBb nZ cvi bv| ZvQvov, AvBbUvq MvqKi Kvb K_v
bB, GUvI Zv Abvq nq Mj|
`y` gvgjvq, weklZ ewfPvi I Lybi gvgjvq, bvix-mv MnYhvM
bq| (nvbvwd AvBb ct 353 ; kvwdB AvBb ct 638 Law
#o.24.9| wwgbvj j Bb& Bmjvg Av ` gymwjg IqvjW ct 251|
gywnDxb Lvbi Abyw`Z evsjv KvivY ct 239| cbvj j Ae& Bmjvg
ct 44 ; wewae 1g L, aviv 133 I 2q L, aviv 576)|
bvix`i mv MnYhvM bn, Zvnv`i (1) wZkwi `yejZv, (2) cwiPvjbgZvi `yejZv I (3) eywSevi AgZvi Rb| (cbvj j Ae& Bmjvg ct 45)|
^vgxi Zid _K `b-gvni nZ cvi KvivY _K wKQy ZjvIqvZ ev
jvnvi AvswU ev GKRvov RyZv| (kvwiqv w` BmjvwgK j ct 163,
164 ; wewae 3q L, ct 976)|
evev-gv, `v`v-`vw`, ev bvbv-bvwbK Lyb Kij Lybxi gZz` ne| wK
evev-gv, `v`v-`vw` ev bvbv-bvwb hw` Qj-gq ev bvwZ-bvZwbK Lyb
81

Ki Ze Lybxi gZz ` ne bv| (we-B-Av 1g L, aviv 65 K I L) ;

kvwdB AvBb ct 584 Law #o.1.2.4|
we-B-Av 1g L ct 79, aviv 156 I 157 t AvZxqi evmv _K Pzwi
Kij ev gRevbi evmv _K gngvb Pzwi Kij Zvi `y` kvw ne bv|
ZIev Kij MYnZvKvixi kvw ne bv| (wewae 1g L, cv 218, aviv 13)|
we-B-Av 1g L ct 195, aviv 514 t gyZIqvjx hw` IqvK&d& mw
nRg Ki dj Ze Zvi KvQ _K G-mw Av`vq KiZ ne, Kvb
kvwi DjL bB|
x hw` ej Zvi gvwmK nqQ Avi ^vgx hw` Zv wekvm bv Ki, Zvnj
xi mv_ mnevm Kiv ^vgxi Rb AvBbZt wm (kvwdB AvBb bs B-13-5)|
Kvb KviY alKi kvw gIKzd nBj alK awlZvK gvnii mgvb
UvKv w`e (we-B-Av 1g L ct 301 ; kvwdB AvBb #m.8.10)|
hnZz GLvb Ab Kvbv kvwi DjL bB ZvB alK-ci PvjvK
evKcUz DwKj alKK UvKv w`q Lvjvm Ki wbZ cvie| awlZvi kvwi
e `wjj Avgv`i KvQ AvQ| Bmjvgi bvg GB wbgg wbziZvi
evcvi Kvb Bmjvwg `j Kvbw`b Uuy kwU DPviY Kibwb|
gymwjg cyili ig~j Acv, (1) gymwjg bvixi ig~j AaK, (2)
B`x-Lxvbi ig~j wZbfvMi GKfvM, I (3) AwM-DcvmKi
(meZt wn`y`iI jLK) ig~j cbiv fvMi GKfvM| (kvwdB
AvBb ct 590, Law #o.4.9)|
ig~ji `vwe ev LybxK gvd KiZ ay wbnZi cyivB cvi, Kbviv bq|
(kvwiqv w` BmjvwgK j, Wt Ave`yi ingvb WvB, ct 235)|
weevwnZv hy-ew`bx`i weq ZrYvr evwZj nq hve (kvwdB AvBb
#o.9.13 )| G-AvBbi Dk AwZ cwivi| mUv nj hy-ew`bx`i alY|
mUvK mwn nvw`m ea Kiv nqQ (mwn eyLvwi 5g L nvw`m bs 637, I 7g
L nvw`m bs 137)| GgbwK KD KD ew`bx`iK Zv`i e`x ^vgx`i
mvgbB alY KiZ Ges Kn Kn Zvnv cQ` KwiZ bv mwn Avey `vD`
nvw`m bs 2105| B evSv hvq bexRxi AbK ci G-me fqi nvw`m
evbvbv nqQ ew`bx-alY nvjvj Kivi Rb| Avgv`i Avnj nvw`m BZvw`
msMVbjvi DwPZ AbwZwej^ G-me nvw`m evwZj Kiv| G-me nvw`mi
wfwZB Avgv`i 1971 mvj gywhy kwlYvi cxi NvlYv KiwQj cvwKvbx
nvbv`vi mb`i Rb evOvjx wn`y-bvix alY Kiv ea| GUv mevB Rvb,
`wbK c~e`k-GI Qvcv nqwQj GKvii 19k wWm^i ZvwiL| AbK
ZvK `vl w`qwQjb wK m Zv ay kvwiqv AvBbi K_vB ejwQj|
we-B-Av 1g L ct 210, aviv 2 ivRvi mgq KD wKQy Lj, GgbwK
Mvcb LjI, Zvi kvw ne| 11B bf^i 2005 enwZevi BivYi
82

mvbv`v`R knii GK 14 eQii evPv Qj ivRv iLwQj| ePviv

mvgjvZ cviwb, `ycyi wKQy Lq ivRv fO djwQj| kvwiqv Av`vjZ
ZvK 85 PveyK gi giB djQ| Awb`my`i dzji gZ m` dzUwQj
h, hvi mvgb wQj wexY Rxeb, m gvwUi bxP cvKvgvKoi Lv` nqQ|
G-iKg kZ kZ fqven NUbv NUQ Bivbi kvwiqv iv|
Bwc-Ab&-jvBb bf^i 14, 2006-Gi Lei cKvk t mvgvwjqvi b~Zb
kvwiqv miKvi wmMviU cvb Kivi Aciva 22 RbK Rbmg (Avgv`i
wjvbi wWqvgi gZ RvqMvq) evNvZ KiQ| Avgvi mvgvwj ey
RvwbqQ, Gi ga AbK mvwbZ gvbyl I wekwe`vjqi cexY AavcKI
wQjb| GLb ILvb wmMviU LvIqv m~Y e| Gi AvM GB kvwiqv-miKvi
Uwjfkb wek-dzUej Ljv cPvi e Ki `q I cwZev`Kvix ZiY`i
ga GKRbK wj Ki nZv Ki|
we-B-Av 1g L ct 136, aviv 266 M I 272 weqi mvx nZ ne
2Rb cyil ev 1Rb cyil I 2Rb bvix, bvnj weq Aea ne|
g`cvbi mvx nZ ne aygv `yRb cyil gymjgvbi Pvzl mv|
gq`i ev cyil-gq`i wgwjZ mv MnYhvM bq (we-B-Av 1g L
ct 333, aviv 174)|
^vgx Zvi xK hLb BQ ZLbB ZvrwYKfve cyiv ZvjvK w`Z cvie|
Kvb Kvb KZve AvQ AZvPvii Pvc, bkvi Nvi ev nvwm-VvvZ
ZvjvK DPviY KijI cyiv ZvjvK nq hve (nvbvwd AvBb 81 I 523 ;
kvwdB AvBb ct 560, Law #n.3.5 ; wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 1g L ct
157 aviv 351, ct 156 aviv 347, ct 157 aviv 349 ; cw_exi eng
BvibU msMVb BDivwcqvb dZvqv KvDwj, BDbvBUW gymwjg&m& KvbvWv
msMVbi ivq ; IqemvBU www.sunnipath.com BZvw` ; xb wK euvZ
gIjvbv Avkivd _vbwf, ct 254, AvBb bs 1537, 1538, 1546 I
2555)| G-wbq Ab AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| GUv Abvq AvBb| Pvci gyL
ZvjvKi AvBbUvI myiv bvn&j& AvqvZ 106-Gi ggevYxK jNb Ki| GAvqvZ Abyhvqx ZvjvK Zv `~ii K_v, KD KvDK Bmjvg ZvM eva
KijI mUv bvKP ne hw` gb gb wbqZ wVK _vK|
h Kvb Kgi eve mNUbB DnvK AcivaKg cwiYZ Ki| eve
mNwUZ bv nIqv ch Kvb Kgi Rb KvnvKI `vqx Kiv hvq bv| Gi
mv_ hvM Kib 3q Li aviv 1282 Kvb ewi Aciva cKvk
Av`vjZ cgvwYZ bv nIqv ch ZvnvK Mvi ev AvUKi gvag
Zvnvi ewMZ ^vaxbZvq nc Kiv hvBe bv| G fqven AvBbjv
Pvjy nj Acivaxiv DrmvwnZ nevi mvebv mgvR gvivZK Lvivc
cfve coe| KviY AbK mgqB wbR^ Pii mvnvh cywjk Pzwi83

WvKvwZ _K i Kiv evgvevRx-Lyb-MYnZv GgbwK cb-nvBRvKi

cwiKbv AvM _KB Rb dj I Acivax`i Mvi Ki| GZ
RbMYi Rvbgvji myiv nq, Ges Acivaxiv fq cvq| G-AvBb nj
Acivax`i cvqveviv|

wewe-B-Av 2q L I Abvb m~ _K t

ct 217, aviv 554 t `y` gvgjvq bvix-wePviK Aea|

ct 264, aviv 575 L t `y` gvgjvq mv Mvcb Kiv hZ cvi| G-AvBb
KvivYi m~Y Ljvd KviY KvivY ejQ Zvgiv mv Mvcb Ki bv
(evKviv 283), Kb Zvgiv ... mZ Mvcb KiQ BZvw`, AbK AvqvZ|
weevn-weQ`i ci evPv`i AwffveKZ gv cve Qji 7 I gqi 9 eQi
eqm ch (G-eqm chB nvofvOv cwikg evPv`i hZ wbZ nq)| Gi
ci Zviv evevi KvQ Pj hve| wK gv hw` bvgvR bv co Ges gvnivg
cyili evBi KvDK weq Ki Ze evPviv evevi KvQ Pj hve| ^vgxi
bvgvR ev weq G- aZe bq (nvbvwd AvBb 138 139 ct; kvwdB
AvBb ct 550, Law #m.13.0 ; we-B-Av 1g L, aviv 398)|
ZvjvKcvv x evPv`i wcZvi AbygwZ Qvov evPv`i Kv_vI wbq hZ
cvie bv (we-B-Av 1g L, aviv 405 ; Ges BivYx kvwiqv)| G-GK
gvivZK AvBb| G-AvBb ZvjvKi ciI xi cvq jvnvi kKj cwiq
ivL| wekl Ki h-me x we`k BwgMkb cqQb Zuviv ^vgxi
BQi mvgb Amnvq nq cob| KvbvWvq kZ kZ BivYx gvq`i
`y`kv `Lj G-AvBbi bksmZv evSv hvq|
weqZ gqiv AwffveK nZ cvie bv (nvbvwd AvBb 138 139 ct;
kvwdB AvBb Law #m.3.4.1 p 518)|
ZvrwYK ZvjvKi ci gynZ
~ _K x Lvevi evmvb wKQyB cve bv|
cyiv ZvjvKi ci x gv wZb gvmi Rb Lvicvl cve| Zvici Zviv
Kv_vq hve wK Lve Zvi DjL bB (nvbvwd AvBb ct 145 ; kvwdB
AvBb Law #m.11.10, 1 and 3 p 546)|
Kvb AgymjgvbK Lyb Kivi Aciva Kvb gymjgvbi gZz ` ne bv
(cbvj j Ad Bmjvg ct 149)|

wewe-B-Av 1g L _K t
kvwiqv Abv_ wkK `K bevi c_v Abygv`b Ki bv (me kvwiqv eB ;
kvwiqv w` BmjvwgK j Wt Ave`yi ivngvb WvB, ct 463)|
`y` gvgjvq cvwicvwkK
cgvY Pwje bv (Pvzl mvx _vKZ ne)
84

(we-B-Av 2q L aviv 600)| GZ gykwKj nj, Pzwi-WvKvwZ-Lybi Pvzl

cgvY cvqB cvIqv hvq bv, cvwicvwkK cgvYB Acivaxi kvw nq| GAvBb nj e AcivaxiB kvw ne bv|
kZ-mvc Aeva xK cUvbv Abygvw`Z (me kvwiqv KZve ;
kvwdB AvBb m.10.12, o.17.4 Ges e e m~)|
Bgvg kvwdB _K, m~ 8, ct 525, AvBb bs Gg-5-1 t ^vgxi hbAvnvb xK AbwZwej^ mvov w`Z ne hLbB m WvKe, hw`
kvixwiKfve m x mg nq| ^vgxi AvnvbK x wZbw`bi ewk `wi
KivZ cvie bv|
Bgvg kvwdB _K, m~ 8, ct 538, AvBb bs Gg-10-4 t bex (`t)
ejQb, Avjvn Ges KqvgZ h x wekvm Ki, m ^vgxi AwbQvq
KvDK evmvq XyKZ w`Z ev evmvi evBi hZ cvie bv|

wewae Bmjvwg AvBb ejQ t evsjv`k cwZwbqZ UvK I evm AvwW

wbixn gvbyl gwiZQ| Zvnv`i mvbmwZi KiY `kvi c~Y I h_vhvM
wZc~iYi w`K cvvZ AvBb Kvb `w w`evi chv weavb ivL bvB| GB
cwiwwZZ wZc~iYi weavb Bmjvwg AvBbi meKvjxb AvaywbKZv cgvY
Ki (1g L, ct 10)| K_vUv cyivcywi AmZ| cvvZ AvBb wbnZi
cwieviK h_ (KvbvWvq `k j Wjvi ch) wZc~iY-exgvi eev
AvQ| cwigvYUv miKvi KZK wbw`, Kgewk Kivi Dcvq bB| G exgv Qvov
Mvwo Pvjvj Ggb wnsm AvBb cqvM Kiv nq h Lye Kg jvKB exgv-Qvov
Mvwo PvjvZ mvnm Ki|
we-B-Av 3q L Avi Mjvg bv| G-iKg kZ kZ AvBb AvQ| AbK
`k Gme AvBb e`j Kiv nqQ wK GLbv AbK evwK| BDivcAvgwiKvq hLb Avgiv Bmjvg bvqi ag ewj ZLb G-me Abvq AvBbi
Reve `qv Avgv`i Rb KwVb nq `uvovq|
Avi GKevi co wbb G eBqi cvnvj keix Aavq| Lei wbb Avcbv`i
gvivqvb`i| gvMZ `yej ivRbxwZi myhvM wewfb Kkj evsjv`k cwZwZ
nqQ gvivqvbi iexR| G`i eo GKUv A nj Bmjvgi Ici AvgY ej
PuPvgwP Ki Ggb fve `Lvbv h Bmjvg ivi mygnvb `vwqZ GLb Zv`i Ici
Gm coQ| Gi GKgv Dk gymwjg mgvRi bZZ nvwZq Bmjvgi bvg
AbmjvwgK ivRv`i wmsnvmb iv, hv KvivY I bexRxi wb`ki mivmwi weivax|
Avwg my fvlvq RvbvZ PvB Bmjvg-ivi Rb KvDK we`ygv gv_v NvgvZ
ne bv| KviY Bmjvgi GKRb wecyj kwkvjx gvwjK AvQb whwb ej iLQb,
Avwg GB Dc`kevYx bvwRj KiwQ, AvwgB Zv iv Kie (myiv wnRi& 9)|
AmsL cgvY _K GB eBZ AwZ msc Avwg mvagZ Kijvg| Avgvi
85

kvwiqv-wmwWjv, kvwiqv-Z_bvUK wewa I weavb I kvwiqv-Z_wmbgv wnjv

`Lyb, `wjjjvi Rb hvMvhvM Kib I `wjjjv Pvwiw`K Qwoq w`b| h
Kvb RvwZi gZ Avgv`iI mgmv AbK| wK Bmjvgi AcevLv GK gvivZK
mgmv| wbRi Ag~j KZvei cwZ wekvmNvZKZv Ki wek-gymwjgi AvR wK
Aev nqQ Zv Avgiv mevB `LwQ| ZvB Bmjvgi AcevLvK iva ay bq,
evsjv`ki Rjji gv`yi _K kKo _K DQ` bv Kiv ch Avgv`i _vgvi
Dcvq bB| KvRUv KwVb bq, kvwi Bmjvgi `wjjjv RbMYi ga Qwoq
w`jB AbKUv Gbv ne| Ab wKQy gymwjg-cavb `k GUv nQI| `ki
ivRbwZK bZviv hw` wekvmNvZKZv KibI, Avgv`i mywd`i `vqv wbq
RbMYB Bmjvg ai ivLe|
`k-we`k Bmjvgi bvg evgvevRxi Z mvmi wb`v Kib mevB
Zvi^i| wK h wewaweavb cwZw`b cwZgynZ
~ wbtk nZv Ki `ywbqvi
mvo Qqk KvwU gymwjg bvixi gvbevwaKvi Avi kvwiqv-`kjvZ asm
Ki KvwU KvwU gymwjg bvixi Rxeb mB kxZj mvm wbq K_v ejvUvI
AZ Riwi| Iiv Zv Avgv`iB evb, I`i KvZi AvZbv` Avgv`i Kvb
Kb cuQvq bv ? Avgv`i cZKwU evbK Kb Rxeb KvUvZ ne nVvrZvjvKi mvebvq, nVvr-mZxbi mvebvq Avi kZ gvbv Mvq `vM bv cov
cnvii mvebvq ? Avgv`i evb`i Pvzl mv Kb Av`vjZ bvKP ne,
Kb Av`vjZ `iLv KiZ ne ^vgx hb ZvK cwZw`b bv gi mvn
GKw`b gvi ? evsjv`ki Mvg-M Avi KZ awlZv evwjKvK RyZv LZ
ne, KZ b~iRvnvb-wdivRvK asm nZ ne RvwZK G-K_v RvbvZ GAvBb Bmjvwg wK bv ? Bmjvgi Ici Kj eq Avbv G-me fqven NUbvi
we`ygv cwZev` bv Ki wK Ki wbR`i `jK Bmjvwg ej `vwe KiZ
cvib Avgv`i wKQy msMVb ?
c-cvwL-gvQiv c-cvwL-gvQ nqB Rbvq| wK gvbyl nq DVZ gvbylK
AbK mvabv KiZ nq| Rxebi ewki fvM evSv gv-evbivB nvwmgyL
eqQ wPiKvj| wK Zvi cwZ`vb Zv `~ii K_v, ^xKwZI cvqwb Kvbw`b|
Avgiv cyiliv bvixi Rb hy Kwi, asm Kwi, Lyb Kwi, Avevi AvZnZvI
Kwi| bvixi bvg Avgiv ZvRgnj evbvB, h nq gN`~Z cvVvB| bvixi wein
Mvb-MRj-KweZvq mviv ivZ RM _vwK Avi I`i Luvcvq civB Zvivi dzj|
wK h bvix cw_exi cwZwU gvbylK Rb `q, cvjb Ki nvwmgyL wbii K,
Rb w`Z wMq giI hvq AbK mgq, h bvix Rb `q bex-imyjK Zv`iK
Avgiv msmvi-mgvR-AvBb-weavb-msMVb mgvb AwaKvi w`B bv| GiB bvg
cyilZ| mgvRK, msw ZK, mvwnZK, ivK, AvBbK Avi agK Avgiv
cyiliv wPiKvj Lye PvjvwKi mv_ KvR jvwMqwQ I`i kixi Avi mwK
86

Kvq ivLevi Rb| I`i kixii Ici AwaKvi Avgiv KvDK w`Z ivwR bB,
GgbwK I`iKI bq| Avgiv eywSwb, RxebUv Avmj bvix-cyil wgj gayi GK
Z-mxZ| Rxeb h nZ cviZ wcqwkl jwjZ Kjvwea, nZ cviZ
^Mv`wc Mixqmx Rbbx Avi ngqx fwMbx ZvK agi bvg `ygo gyPo cvqi
bxP wcl wcl AvR Avgiv cyiliv `vbei gZ GKv nq MwQ|

kvwiqv, kvwiqv AvBb I Avgv`i Bgvgiv

kvwiqv gvb nj bxwZgvjv BsiwRZ hvK ej wcwcj&m&| AvBb ki
Aviwe nj Kvbyb| KvivY hw` AvBbi KZve nZ Ze KvivY kvwiqv bv nq
Kvbyb kUvB _vKZ, G Zv ^vfvweK K_v| KvivY Avgiv Kv_vI cvBwb GUv
Kvbyb-Gi KZve, eis AvQ GUv nj Dc`k-KZve, gb Kwiq `evi KZve I
wekevmxi Rb mymsev`i KZve, AvjvwKZ KZve| Dc`k ev mymsev` ivxq
AvBb nZ cvi bv| kwi mv_ iv Zvi bvMwiK`i Ici AvBb cqvM Ki,
wK Avgiv Rvwb, Bmjvg Rvi-Rei`w bB (evKviv 256, Kvdib 6, Avk iv
15, BZvw`)| wPiKvj AbK mywd-`iek GZ `pfve wekvmI KiQb| wgkii
wePviK Avj& Avkgvqx Zuv`i GKRb| wZwb ejb t KvivY kvwiqv kUvK
eenvi KiQ bwZK c_wb`k wnme, ivxq KvbwKQy GZ bB (Dmyj Avj&
kvwiqv ct 53-i m~)| weLvZ Bmjvwg cwZ Wt Lvj` Avj& dv`j B
ejQb t kvwiqv ay bwZK weavb...ivi AvBb w`q bwZK DbwZi ckB IV
bv (` MU _d&U ct 196)| Kvb BwZnvmi eBZ cvPxb mgvRi wKQy A_bxwZi
weeiY _vKZ cvi wK ZvZ mUv A_bxwZi eB nq hvq bv, eis BwZnvmKB
cgvY Ki| Zgwb KvivY wKQy BwZnvm AvQ, Mn-b AvQ, A_bxwZ AvQ, wKQy
AvBbI AvQ ay KvivYi Dc`k-evYx cwZv Kivi RbB, wK ZvB ej KvivY
Ijvi KZve nq hvqwb, Dc`k mymsev`i KZveB AvQ| GgbwK kvwiqv
AvBb evbvevi h Drm wdK&n, G kUviI A_ nj gvbyli Dcjw, Kvb ivxq
AvBb bq| G Dcjw wKmi Dcjw ? `Lyb, m hyM wdKvn& ki A_ wQj
ciKvji c_, Kz-wicyi m~ wec`vc` I wZKi gvmjv mg~n mK AewnZ
nIqv...mwZ K_v nj, AwaKvsk eyhyM gbxlx wdKvn& kK AvLivZ welqK kvi
87

A_B eenvi KiZb, wK GLb GG-kwU Kej GK wekl A_ eeZ nIqvi

KviY gvbyl cZviYvi Rvj Ave nQ (Bgvg Mvvjx, Gwnqv Djyg Avj xb 1g
L, ct 49-51)|
AviweZ kvwiqv ki g~j avZzMZ A_ nj evjyi Ici DU-ci cvqi
Qvc Zwi c_, h c_ Zviv cvwbi KvQ cvwb LZ hvq| AviK wekweLvZ
Bmjvwg wekl-`vkwbKi gZ t KvivY Kv_vI kvwiqv k Kvb
mvgvwRK AvBb-Kvbybi BwZ bB| kvwiqv kwU wekl, GUv KvivY AvQ
gv GK RvqMvq, myiv Avj& Rvwmqvn 18 (45t18)| G-Qvov wqvc` wnme
(kvivAv) AvQ gv `yB RvqMvq, gvq`v 48 I Avk& iv 13 (Pvj Ae&
dvvgvwjRg&, Wt evmvg wZwe, ct 170)| Avcbviv hvZ wgwjq wbZ
cvib mRb AvqvZjv bxP `qv nj|
1| Avj& Rvwmqvn 18 t AZtci Avwg AvcbvK iLwQ agi GK wekl
kwiqZi Ici| AZGe, Avcwb Gi AbymiY Kib Ges Avb`i
Lqvj-Lywki AbymiY Kieb bv|
2| gvq`vn 48 t Avwg Zvgv`i cZKK GKwU bxwZgvjv I c_
w`qwQ| AbK Abyev` kvivAv A_vr bxwZgvjv `Iqv Gi Abyev`
AvBb `Iqv eenvi Ki kUvK mvgvwRK ev ivxq AvBb `Iqv
ej evSvbvi Pv nqQ|
3| Avk& iv 13 t wZwb Zvgv`i Rb xbi m c_B wbavwiZ
KiQb (kvivAv c_ wbavwiZ Ki `Iqv) hvi Av`k w`qwQjb
b~n&K, hv Avwg Av`k KiwQ Avcbvi cwZ Ges hvi Av`k w`qwQjvg
Bevnxg g~mv I CmvK GB gg h, Zvgiv xbK cwZwZ Ki Ges
ZvZ AbK mw Kiv bv|
4| Aviv `Lyb myiv Avk iv AvqvZ 21|
Avgiv `LwQ nRiZ b~n&, nRiZ Bevnxg, nRiZ g~mv, I nRiZ Cmv agwfwK iv cwZv Kibwb, Kivi PvI Kibwb| eis Zuv`i `vwqZ wQj
aygv mymsev``vZv I fxwZc`kbKvix| Gi evBi bex-imyjiv ewKQy
KiQb cqvRb, ewMZ cQ`-AcQ`, gvbyli gji Rb I mvgvwRKmvswZK KviY| hgb bexiv DU PoQb I bexRx DUi g~ LZ
ejQb| Gjv Bmjvwg agwekmi A nZ cvi bv| ZvB uwkqvwi w`q
MQb mvcwZK Kvji wekeiY Bmjvwg cwZ Wt dRjyi ingvb t
bexRxi me K_v I KvRKg Bmjvwg ag-wekvmi A bq, Zuvi e KvR I
K_v agwbic (Bmjvg, ct 229)|
wK Zvnj kvwiqv AvBb KvK ej ? eZgvb cw_exi AbZg k
kvwiqvwe` Wt nvwkg Kvgvwji gZ t KLbv KLbv KvivYi GKwU welq
mvZ ev AvU iKgi AvBbMZ gZvgZ cvIqv hvq| gymwjg kvmK Zvnvi ga
88

GKwUK ea Kwiqv AvBb wnme cqvM Kwij aygv mBwUB mKji Rb

evaZvg~jK nq (wcwcj&m& Ae& Bmjvwg RywicW, ct 31)| A_vr
Bmjvwg ivi kvmK cqvM bv Kiv ch mjv aygv Bgvg`i ewMZ
gZvgZ nqB _vKe, AvBb ne bv| ZvB Bgvg`i GB ewMZ gZvgZjv
MvgMi Avi BvibUi kvwiqv Av`vjZjvZ Avjvi AvBb wnme
cqvM KivUv gvUB Bmjvwg bq| kvwiqv AvBb cqvMi ejvZI AvBb
`qv AvQ t Lwjdv I Zuvnvi cwZwbwa Qvov Avi KnB wePviK wbqvM
KwiZ cvwie bv (kvwd AvBb bs o.21.3)| A_vr Avgv`i MvgMi
dZvqvi Av`vjZjv kvwiqv gvZveKB m~Y Aea| GLvbB dZvqv
kUv Pj Avm| G kUv Avgv`i c~ecyiliv RvbZbB bv| wK AvRKvj
GUvi cqvM we`k _K Avg`vwb nqQ, XvKv _K i Ki `ki MvgM gvS gvSB K_vUv kvbv hvq| Bgvg kvwd Zuvi kvwiqv eB Dg`vZ Avj&
mvwjK-Gi 1184 cvq dZvqvK ejQb Legal Formal Opinion
A_vr AvbyvwbK AvBbMZ AwfgZ| kUvi gvb Bmjvwg IqmevBU `qv
AvQ Gfve t dZvqv nBj BmjvwgK AvBbi evcvi wekli AwfgZ|
aygv Kvb ea KZcB Bnv w`Z cvib| wK hnZz Bmjvg (mv I
mwi ga cv`x-cyiZi gZ) Kvb gaew bvB KvRB dZvqv RbMYi
Dci evaZvg~jK bn|
MnY I eRbi GB ea AwaKvi m~Y gymwjg RbMYi, dZvqv
c`vbKvixi bq| RbMYi GB ea AwaKviK KD A^xKvi Ki gvbyli
Ici dZvqv Pvwcq w`j Zv H kvwiqviB weivax nq hve h kvwiqv H
dZvqvevR cwZv KiZ Pvb|
evcviUv AviI GKUz ne Avgv`i PviRb kvwiqv-Bgvg`i w`K
ZvKvj| mB Bgvgiv Avmj wK PqwQjb ? wbR`i AvBbK Zuviv wK
ejwQjb ? ZLbKvi Bmjvwg iv-Gi mv_ Zuv`i wK mK wQj ?
(1) Bgvg kvwd Zuvnvi AvBbK kvwd AvBb bvg PvjvBZ Pvb bvB
(Bgvg kvwdi weLvZ KZve wimvjv, ct 22)|
(2) Bgvg kvwd wbRi bvg Kvbv gRnve PvjvBZ Pvb bvB ewjqv
cZxqgvb nq (wimvjv, ct 45)|
(3) Bgvg kvwd wbRK ivRbxwZ I iv-gZv nBZ m~Y `~i ivwLqvQb
(wimvjv, ct 18)|
(4) Lvwjdv gvgybyi ikx` Bgvg kvwd-K KvRxi c` AvgY RvbvBj
kvwd Zv cZvLvb Kib (kvwiqv, w` BmjvwgK j Wt Ave`yi
ivngvb WvB, ct 105)|
(5) Lwjdv Avj& gbmyi Bgvg gvwjKK Abyiva Kib Bmjvwg AvBb wjwLZ
hvnvZ Lvwjdv mKj gRnvei Dci DnvK AvBb wnme ejer KwiZ
89

cvib| wK Bgvg gvwjK Zvnv cZvLvb Kib (kvwd kvwiqv Dg`vZ&

Avj mvwjK, ct 1069)|
(6) Lwjdv gbmyi Bgvg Avey nvwbdvK cavb wePvicwZi c` MnYi Abyiva
Kwij wZwb Zvnv MnY Kib bvB (wewae 3q L, ct 277)|
(7)
Lwjdv nvibi ikx` Bgvg gvwjKi KZveK Kvev kixdi
`qvj Svjvbvi I RbMYK Zv gvbZ eva Kivi cv e w`j Bgvg gvwjK
Zv cZvLvb Kib ` dvi Bgvg&m& Avey hvniv cv 72|
kvwiqv-iv Avgv`i cvq cwZwU Bgvgi Ici h AZvPvi KiQ Zv wPvI
Kiv hvq bv| kvwiqv-ivi mbiv gw`bvi c_ RbZvi mvgb Bgvg gvwjKK
PveyK gi gi Zuvi kixi _K gyPo gyPo nvZ wQuo djQ| kvwiqvRjLvbvq ew` KiQ Bgvg kvwd Avi Bgvg nv^jK, RjLvbvq ew` Ki
wel w`q Lyb KiQ Bgvg ZvBwgqvi gZ mvwbZ BgvgKI| GB AZvPvi
_K invB cvbwb cvq KDB| jvKPzi Aivj kl wbtkvm ZvM KiQb
wbevmb` `wZ Bgvg evLvwi, `ynvZ Zzj nvnvKvi KiZb Bmjvgi hyMk GB
Bgvg t n Avjvn& ! AvgvK Zvgvi KvQ wbq hvI G `ywbqv Avgvi Rb QvU
nq MQ| LjvdZi bvg gymwjg-BwZnvm AZ wekUv ivRZi AweiZ
Mnhy, MYnZv, nZv, we`vn, cvjUv we`vn RbMYi `yfvMi mv_ GKB
`yfvM nqQ Abvb Bgvg`iI| Lwjdv Avj& gbmyii nvZ RjLvbvq Lyb
nqQb Bgvg Rvdi mvw`K, Zuvi cy Lwjdv nvibi ikx`i nvZ Lyb nqQb
Rvdi mvw`Ki cy Bgvg g~mv KvwRg| mB mv_ mywd`i Ici h wK
AZvPvi bg GmwQj Zv fvlvq cKvk Kiv me bq|
Avi Bgvg Avey nvwbdv ? kvwiqv-iv Bgvg ZvBwgqvi gZ RjLvbvq ew`
Ki RjLvbvi fZiB wel w`q Lyb KiQ ZuvKI| A_P nvbvwd `y`
AvBb jLv AvQ t ivcavbi wei `y` gvgjv Kiv hvBe bv (nvbvwd
AvBb n`vqv ct 188)| Gme AZvPvix kvmKK euvPvevi Rb G-Abvq
AvBb Bgvg Avey nvwbdv KLbvB evbvZ cvib bv Zv GK evPvI evS|
A_P ZuviB bvg PjQ G-me Abvq AvBb| G-_K evSv hvq
ivRcvmv` GK KvivY Qvov cwZwU `wjj e`jvevi m~Y myhvM wQj | G
eBqi AbK wbe m cgvY AvQ| Bgvgiv gviv hvIqvi ci IB Bgvg`i
bvgB AvBb ev nvw`m cwZwZ Kiv ivRgZvi c WvjfvZ| nvw`m ev
kvwiqv AvBb Avgiv h-me Abvq AvBb `wL Zv G-lohiB dj| GgbwK
mwn nvw`mjvZI nvRvi nvRvi Rvj nvw`m AvQ Zv mevB Rvbb I gvbb|
GB nj gymjgvbi iv BwZnvm| GBme mvmx ivRZi RbB
cfvekvjx AbK mywd BivY-ZzKx vb nBZ fviZel Pwjqv Avmb| gymwjg
ivi mvm meevcx nIqvq mywd`i Dci AZvPvi nBZwQj wnDgvb
ivBU&m& Bb& gymwjg IqvjW Wt gvqgyj Lvb, ct 65| GZ Avbi fZiI
90

gymwjg vbx-wevbxiv ARb KiwQjb wek-vbi Ag~j m` hv cq

BDivc-AvgwiKvi wevbxiv ab nqQ, GwMq wbq MQ wekK| G-K_v
Zuviv GLbI me`v mmvb ^xKvi Kib|
we`wk wekl`i AbK DwZ w`jvg| wK Avgv`iI AbK cevmx
Bmjvwg wekl AvQb| Wt gvqgyj Lvbi DwZ AvMB w`qwQ| cevmx
evsjv`kx`i ga Bmjvwg wPvwe` wnme AvgwiKvi Avcvi AvBIqv
wekwe`vjqi A_bxwZ wefvMi mnhvMx AavcK Wt gvnv` Igi dviK
AbZg| huviv QvU cwimi kvwiqvi g~j Z RvbZ Pvb Avwg Zuv`i Abyiva
Kie Zuvi kvwiqv, j Av Bmjvg t wjMvwjRg& fvmvm fvjy-Iwiqkb
wbeUv coZ| KD IUv evsjvq Abyev` Ki Pviw`K Qwoq w`j fvj nq|
IUv cvIqv hve BvibUi GB wVKvbvq t
http://www.theghouseteam.com/mg/WMC_Files/Shariah_value_Dr.Farooq.pdf

cyivUv GLvb `qv Mj bv, wKQy Aski mvivsk Ki fvevbyev` w`wQ

hjv wewQb njI ^-evLvKvix|
G ch hvnv ejv nBj Zvnvi wfwZ (ejv hvq) kvwiqv Bmjvg bn| wK
gIjvbv gI`yw`i Abymvix Lyiwk` Avng` ewjqvQb Bmjvgi Aci bvg
kvwiqv| Dciv ee gb nq Bmjvg Rxebi mKj evcvi bxwZgvjv
AvQ| BnvI gb nq gvbyli Rxeb hvnv wKQy NwUZ cvi mB cZK welq,
Aev I mgmvi mgvavb Zwi AvQ (A_ev mnR Ges `Z Zwi Kwievi gZ
Kwiqv `Iqv AvQ)| Aviv gb nq Bmjvg nBj GKwU mymsnZ ^qsm~Y
Rxeb-weavb, gymjgvbi DwPZ bn mgvavb ev bxwZgvjvi Rb Ab wKQyi
Zvjvk Kiv...
wK cKZc Bmjvg nBj Rxebi cqvRbxq bxwZgvjv c`vb Ki| wK
BnvK GB ch Uvwbqv bIqvI fyj h gymwjg ev RbMYi mKj mgmvi
AvM nBZ Zwi Kiv gvbyqvj nBj Bmjvg| (kvwiqvwe``i gZvgZ) gb
nq agMi Ai ev Bgvgiv Rxebi mKj welq I mgmv AvM nBZB
wPwZ Kwiqv mgvavb w`qvQb| mB wnme, Ab Kvnviv KvQ nBZ Kvb
wKQy wkv Kivi `iKviB bvB| (evwbK, chywK I Bwwbqvwis eZxZ)
mvgvwRK, A_bwZK, wkv-welqK, ivRbwZK I evwK hZ wKQyB gb nBZ
cvi Zvnvi mKj mgvavbi Rb GKwU KvRB KwiZ nBe, Zvnv nBj
KvivY-nvw`m Lywjqv `Lv, A_ev AvBbwe` I wekl`i KZve Lywjqv
`Lv, A_ev Kvb dZvqv-cwZvbi mwnZ hvMvhvM Kiv, Zvnv nBjB
mgvavb cvIqv hvBe| wK eve Zvnv bn| fvweqv `Lv `iKvi mgmv I
mgvavb `yBUvB hw` GZ Zwi Ze wek-gymwjgi GB KiY Aev Kb| AvM
nBZB gymwjg-wPvwe``i GKwU gwjK vw nBj (agMi) KZveceYZv...Avgv`i Z_vKw_Z kvwiqv-wekliv Avgvw`MK KZvei mwnZ
91

AvVv w`qv AvUKvBqv ivwLqvQb, Iw`K wevb Avgvw`MK e wcQb dwjqv

AvMvBqv wMqvQ...Avgiv hZ ewk kvwiqv-ceY nBqvwQ ZZ ewk Avjvn&i
wb`kK Agvb KwiqvwQ, eis Avgv`i gv_v KZvei wfZi XyKvBqv
ivwLqvwQ| Avgiv AviI KZve cwoqvwQ Ges AvMi KZvei Dci AviI
KZve wjwLqvwQ| dj hvnv nBevi ZvnvB nBqvQ| GLb Avgiv gnvb` (?)
Rxeb KvUvBZwQ IB mvgwMK Rxeb-weavb gvZveK, wK Kv_vI cuQvBZ
cvwiZwQ bv...mgmv nBj Bmjvgi wei Dcjw, hLvb eYgvjv I Bnvi
weklw`MK mgmv-mgvavbi wWKkbvix (Awfavb) aiv nq...cKZc Bmjvg
Kvb Awfavb bn, Bmjvg eYgvjvi gZ| Awfavb `iKvi-gZ e k cvIqv
hvq| wK eYgvjv w`qvB AviI e (b~Zb) k Zwi Kiv cqvRb nq| hLb
mvgwMK Rxeb-weavb ewjqv BmjvgK wWKkbvwii gZ gb Kiv nq ZLb
^vfvweKfveB Avgiv BwZnvmi KvVvgvZ dwmji gZ ew` nBqv cwo|
mvgwMK Rxeb-weavbK eYgvjv gb Kwij Avgiv Rxebi b~Zb b~Zb welq I
mgmvi mgvavb MwZ cvBZvg| kvwZwe ewjqvQb, AwfZvq `Lv hvq
cZK Avwjg whwb mgmv-mgvavbi Rb KvivYi vi nBqvQb wZwb
KvivYK bxwZgvjv wnmeB cvBqvQb hvnv ZuvnvK m mgmv-mgvavbi
g~jeva w`qvQ...Bmjvg m^ MfxiZg wevwi KviY nBqvQ kvwiqv I
Bmjvwg AvBbi cviwiK mK Kbbv wKQy jvK GB wevwi wfwZ
Bmjvg cqvM KwiZ Pvb| fvevbyev` kl|

kvwiqvi Drm
Bgvg kvwdi kvwiqv-KZve Dg`vZ Avj& mvwjK-G AvBb AvQ Qq
nvRvii ewk| Bgvg Avey nvwbdvi KZve n`vqv-ZI ZvB| Avgv`i
Bmjvwg dvDkbi cKvwkZ ZBkkv cvi wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 3 L
wgj AvBb AvQ cvq `o nvRvi| A_P KvivY AvBb AvQ gv mvZwU|
Ges nvw`m AvQ Aviv wKQy, em&| Zvnj evwK nvRvi nvRvi AvBbjv
KvK Gj ? Ijv wbqB GmQ Ab`i evbvbv e Drm _K| wK
hnZz weivU cyKz i GK duvUv `ya wgkvj ZvK `yai cyKiz ejv hvq bv,
Zgwb gvbyli evbvbv nvRvi nvRvi AvBbi ga KvivY-nvw`m _K gv
92

KqKUv XywKq w`j ZvK Avjvi AvBb ejv hvq bv| hgb, wewae Bmjvwg
AvBbi 3q Li 51 Aavq AvBb AvQ 186Uv| wK Zvi 344Uv m~i
ga KvivY gv 1Uv Avi mwn nvw`m 181Uv| evwK 162Uv m~B Kvb bv
Kvb gvbyli KvivY-nvw`mi evLvwbfi| Avmj kvwiqvi AvBbjv GmQ
cvq 11Uv Drm _K t
KvivY _K| hgb AwbqwZ eweevn, x-cnvi, bvixi AaK
DivwaKvi, wekl bvixi AaK mvx BZvw`| wK KvivYi AvqvZ
w`q hfve AvBb evbvbv nqQ ZvZ AbK gIjvbv-wekliv wPiKvj
Zxe Avcw KiQb| A_vr G AvBbjv KLbv memZ wQj bv|
nvw`m ev mybZ _K| hgb ciKxqv, gyiZv` I alKi `, BZvw`| Gi
cwZwUB Kb KvivY-weivax Zvi cgvY GB eBqi wewfb wbe `qv AvQ|
kZ kZ kvwiqv AvBb nvw`m-wbfi| hw`I ejv nq mwn wmv A_vr QqUv mwn
nvw`m, Avmj Avgv`i mwn nvw`m nj mvZUv evLvwi, gymwjg, Avey `vD`,
Beb gvRvn&, wZiwgRx, bvmvqx I gyqvv| nvw`mi ga AbK Ag~j iZb
AvQ wK mB mv_ kvwiqv evbvevi mgqUvZ Rvj nvw`mi ebv eq
wMqwQj (kvwd kvwiqv ct 1027)|
nvw`mi GKUv A w`j evcviUv ne| Avgv`i bexRx Zv
ingZzwjj gymjwgb bb A_vr ay gymjgvbi cwZ Avjvni ingZ bb|
wZwb njb ingZzwjj Avj& Avwgb, A_vr ingZ wZwb mgM wekevmxi Rb|
Gevi gb Kib, mB ingZzwjj Avj& Avwgb-Gi bvg wnsm nvw`mjv `L
Avcbvi eyK Kuc DVj| Avcwb ejjb Gjv mwZ nZ cvi bv, bexRxi
c G-wbziZv me bq| wK ZrYvr kvwiqv gvZveK Avcwb nq hveb
gyiZv` A_vr Bmjvg ZvMKvix KviY kvwiqvcxiv wmv wbqQb
nvw`mK h Agvb Ki m Kvdi (m~ t AbK kvwiqv KZve ; gIjvbv
gywnDwbi KvivYi evsjv Abyev` ct 743 I 256 ; gIjvbv Ave`yi
iwngi nvw`m mjbi BwZnvm ct 94, BZvw`)| Gi ciB Avcbvi Ici
cqvM ne AviKUv kvwiqv AvBb gyiZv`i mvRv gZz`| A_vr `uvovjv
GB, nq Avcwb IB wnsm nvw`mjvK bexi mybZ wnme mZ ej gb
beb, A_ev AvcbvK cv_ii AvNvZ gi djv ne|
cvVK ! Gi bvg evKgj| nZvi fq `wLq wbR`i gZvgZ Bmjvg
wnme RbMYi Nvo Pvwcq `evi Pv| K_vi K_v bq, GB AvBb
BwZnvm ARm gymjgvb Lyb nqQb kvwiqvcx`i nvZ|
kvwiqvcx`i AvZ Avwg eywS| AvZUv nj, hnZz nvw`m w`qB kZ
kZ AgvbweK bvix-weivax AvBb evbvbv nqQ, ZvB mwn nvw`mi fZi GB
93

Amwn Pnviv gvbyli mvgb Lyj Mj kvwiqvi cvqi bxP _K gvwU mi

hve| wK myLei nj, Zzii miKvi mcwZ PvDj _K KuvKi eQ dj
`evi gZ IB nvw`mjvK ev` w`q mwn nvw`mi KvR nvZ wbqQb|
2008 mvji fZi Avgiv cq hve Avgv`i wcq bexRxi mZ-my`i
D`vniY, Avi mB mv_ IBme wnsm nvw`m evwZj nj nvw`m-wbfi kZ kZ
kvwiqv AvBbi wfw Uj hve|
BRgv, A_vr memZ wmv| wK BRgv KvK ej m BRgvUvB gIjvbviv
wVK KiZ cvibwb 1400 eQi| `ywbqvRyo KvwU gIjvbv`i ev `kRyo
nvRvi nvRvi gIjvbv`i memZ wmv Ame| ZvQvov, Kvb gIjvbv GK
mgqi BRgv Ab mgq e`j djj Avjvi AvBb- Gi wK ne ? GRbB
kvwiqv KZve ejQ wKQy Bgvgi gZ Kvb gIjvbvi BRgv ay Zuvi gZz i
ciB MnYhvM (we-B-Av 2q L, ct 16) !
wKqvm A_vr gIjvbv`i ewMZ hyw| wK `ywbqvRyo KvwU gIjvbv`i
I `kRyo nvRvi nvRvi gIjvbv`i wKqvm cii-weivax neB| mRbB
Bmjvgi BwZnvm gIjvbv`i cwZ gIjvbv`i Kvdi-gybvdK dZvqv w`q
fwZ, mRbB Awef fviZeli mecavb `yUv Bmjvwg cwZvbi `Ie`x Avi
ewijfxiv GK AbK Kvdi ejQb, gIjvbv gI`yw`KI Kvdi ejQb
fviZ-weLvZ gIjvbviv| weLvZ Bgvg nR-Gi bZZ eocxi Ave`yj Kv`i
wRjvbxi gZ `iekKI Kvdi dZvqv w`qwQj GK nvRvi gIjvbv t m~
dZj Mqe (eocxi mvnei eZv-mjbi gyLe)|
cvPxb KZve _K| hgb ^vgxK ZvjvK w`Z PvBj xK hZ ne
kvwiqv Av`vjZ ^vgxi AbygwZ Av`vqi Rb (B`x`i MU AvBb), wKsev
RbvKvix I gyiZv`i ci vNvZ gZz `, BZvw` (B`x`i wWDUivbwgi
13 _K 29 bs fvm)|
vbxq c_v _K| wewae Bmjvwg AvBbi 1g L AvBb bs 220-Z ^xKvi KivB
AvQ G-AvBb vbxq c_vi cfve| ZvQvov AvwdKvi wexY Aj (K) Diwd weq
(Kvb iKg `wjj Qvov Mvcb weq), (L) gvBmvi weq hvZ Kb ^xKvi Ki bq
^vgx Zvi _vKv-LvIqv mn Kvb Avw_K `vwqZB be bv, Ges (M) gq`i gymjgvwb
Kivi AvBb, BZvw` vbxq c_vi AvBb - `Lyb bvixi gymjgvwb wbe| Bgvg kvwdi
weLvZ KZve wimvjv-ZI AvQ t cvPxb ewejb I AvigvBK QvovI ivgvb I
BivYi AvBbwj gymwjg AvBbwe`MYK cPiz AvBb evbvBevi KuvPvgvj w`qvQ
ct 5| Gfve Rvwnj hyMi AbK AvBb kvwiqvq XyK MQ| wK Lyj `Lyb KvivY
wK ejQ Zvgiv wK Rvnj hyMi AvBb PvjvZ PvI ? (gvq`v 50)| Rvnj
hyMi AvBb bv PvjvZ ejQ mwn evLvwiI - beg L nvw`m bi 21|
94

Abvb Drm t (7) mvgvwRK ixwZ-wfwK AvBb, hUv `k-we`k wewfb

nZ eva, (8) gIjvbv`i ^vaxb gZvgZ, GUv wKqvm-Gi KvQvKvwQ Ges
wKqvm-Gi gZB Aeve, (9) RbKjvY, hvZ wewfb mgq wewfb `k
wewfb gIjvbvi wewfb gZvgZ neB, (10) mvg, hv m^I wewfb gIjvbvi
wewfb gZvgZ nZ eva, (11) AvM _K hv Pj GmQ hgb Bmjvgi
AvMi h-me c_vK Bmjvg DQ` Ki bvB Zvnv kvwiqvq hvM Kiv
nBqvQ (wimvjv ct 44, BZvw`)|
Bgvg`i AvBb wbqI GZ wewfb `wjj cvIqv hvq h Kvb&Uv wVK Zv KD
wbwZfve ejZ cvie wKbv m`n| `Lyb kvwiqv-mg_K AvBbi cexY
AavcK wK ejQb t
PvwiRb mywb AvBwb`vZvi ga GKgv Bgvg gvwjKB nvw`m mjb
KwiqvwQjb| Bgvg gvwjK wbR G-KvR Kib bvB, Zuvnvi gZzi ci Zuvnvi Qviv
KwiqvwQj ... gyqvv (Bgvg gvwjKi nvw`m) mv`bv KwiqvwQjb Zuvnvi Qv
kvqevbx whwb Bgvg Avey nvwbdviI Qv wQjb...gmb` Avey nvwbdvI Bgvg Avey
nvwbdv (gZz 767 mvj) wbR Kib bvB, Dnv 1275 mvj mwjZ KwiqvwQjb
Bgvg gyqvB` LvivRvgx ...nvbvwd AvBbi wfZi Zuvnvi Qv`i ga Avey BDmyd,
kvqevbx, hydvi I nvmvbi Ae`vb AvQ| mvaviYfve gb Kiv nq h, Bgvg
nv^ji gZzi ci Zuvnvi gmb`i mjb KwiqvwQjb Zuvnvi cy Avey eKi KvwZ
I Abvbiv... eZtc Bgvg kvwdi AvBbwj hvMvo, mjb I cKvwkZ
KwiqvQb Zuvnvi Qviv| gmb` kvwd mwjZ KwiqvQb Zuvnvi Qv ivwe
myjvqgvbi AbygwZg BqvKze Avj& AvQvg (gymwjg RywicW Av j Ae&
vBg&m Wt gxi IqvwjDjvn, wcwcvj, AvBb wefvM ckvqvi wekwe`vjq)|
me wgwjq mZUv nj BRwZnv`i gvag gvbyli hyw kvwiqvi MVb
iZc~Y Ask wbqQ (nvwkg Kvgvwj, gyLe)| G-KviYB kvwiqvK Avjvi
AvBb ejv hvq bv| kvwiqvcx`i wcq weLvZ jwLKv Kvib Avgs ejb
t Bgvg Avey nvwbdv wbR mvgvbB wjwLqvwQjb, Zuvnvi Qviv Zuvnvi wkvK
fwelZi Rb iv KwiqvwQj| ciewZKvj wKQyUv wfbgZi AvBbwe`MY
gRnve cwZv Kib (Bmjvg, G kU wnw, ct 49)| nv^wj AvBbI c_g
mjb Kib Beb Kv`vgvn& Zuvi Avj& gyNwb eBZ, Bgvg nv^ji gZzi cvq
cuvPk eQi ci !
KvivY _K kvwiqv AvBb hfve evbvbv nqQ ZvZ wKQy fyj cvIqv
hvq| AvqvZjv GZ I weLvZ h GjvK AwbQvKZ fyj ejv
KwVb| hvnvK, BQKZ nvK ev bv nvK G-aibi fyj AZ gvivZK|
GZ KvivY-weivax I KvivY-wbic AvBbKI KvivYi AvBb wnmeB
95

cwZwZ Kiv nqQ| Aviv `yGKUv D`vniY w`wQ Avgv`i Bmjvwg

dvDkb _K cKvwkZ wewae Bmjvwg AvBb _K| IUv nvZi KvQ
cvIqv hvq ej Avcbviv wgwjq wbZ cvib|
1| 2q L cv 286 _K DwZ t nZvKvixi Aciva cgvYi Rb A
Zc `yBRb gymwjg cyil mvxi cqvRb nBe| gnvb Avjvn&i evYx t (myiv
evKviv 282 I myiv ZvjvK 2-Gi DjL) DwZ kl|
KvivY Lyj `Lyb IB AvqvZ `yUvq `yRb mvx ivLvi wb`k AvQ
aygv avi-KRi `wjji ejvq (evKviv 282) Avi x-ZvjvKi ejvq
(ZvjvK 2)| G AvBb KvivY-weivax, KvivY Kv_vI Kvb evcvi bvixi
Pvzl mv evwZj Kiv nqwb|
2| 1g L 311 cv I 2q L 279 cv _K DwZ t Rbvi mvxi
I mv-AvBbi mvaviY kZvejx chvR nBe DwZ kl|
GB mvaviY kZvejxi Drm wnme Aveviv `qv AvQ myiv ZvjvK AvqvZ 2|
A_P ZvjvKi kZUv XvjvI fve mv-AvBbi mvaviY kZvejx Kiv hvq bv|
3| 2q L 270 cvq Beb gvRvn& nvw`m bs 1454 I 2666-Gi m~ ejv
AvQ GK awlZvi mv I Mqbv-WvKvwZi wkKvi GK evwjKvi mv bexRx
Acivax`i gZz` w`qwQjb| wK Avcbviv Beb gvRvn& Lyj `Lyb (2q I
4_ L cv h_vg 341 I 75), nvw`m 1454-G alYi Kvb K_vB bB,
AvQ ay gZi Lvjv PvL nvZ w`q e Ki `qv| nvw`m bs 2666-ZI
Mqbv-WvKvZK LuvRv ev aivi DjL bB, gZz ` Zv bB-B bB | nvw`m
2666-Z hv AvQ Avwg Avcbv`i eje bv KviY Zv bexRxi GZB fqven
weivax h AbK Zv mn KiZ cvieb bv| wbR Beb gvRvn& Lyj nvw`mUv
coj eySeb Kb G K_v ejwQ|
kvwiqvcxiv me`vB ejb Avjvn& bvR& ` e (Avjvn mePq fvj
Rvbb)| wK Zvnj iv-AvBb evwbq wbRi gZvgZ Abi Ici Pvwcq
`qvUv Bmjvwg nq wK Ki G ckU vi Reve Zuviv `b bv|

96

AvBb AvBb weiva

kvwiqv Avjvi AvBb nj AvBb GKUvB nZv, Pvi-cuvP iKg nZv bv| wewfb
kvwiqvi ga cv_K, weiva ev Dv AvBbI _vKZ bv| wK kvwiqvi
AvBbjvZ kZ kZ gvivZK ^weivaxZv AvQ| GB cii-weivaxZv gvS
gvSB KiY I nvmKi Aevi mw Ki| Lybi Aciva wgRv ZvwniK cvwK
vbi kvwiqv KvU (1) gZz` w`qQ 1989 mvj, (2) mUv e`j hvexeb
Kviv` w`qQ 1994 mvj, (3) mUv e`j wbiciva wnme Qo w`qQ 1996
mvj, (4) Avevi IB GKB Aciva wZxqevi Mvi Ki wZxqevi gZz` w`qQ
1998 mvj, (5) Zvi cvYwfvi Ave`b evwZj KiQ 2003 mvj, Ges (6)
Aekl ZvK m~Y gyw w`qQ 2006 mvj| ePviv wgRv Zvwni kvwiqvi GB
RMvwLPzwoii wkKvi nqQ 17 eQi RjLvbvq e`x _K (Lei we-we-wmi)|
Bgvg kvwdi weLvZ KZve wimvjv-Z AvQ t Bgvg kvwd Bgvg gvwjKi
gZvgZi mv_ AcZvwkZfve wfbgZ cvlY KwiZb (ct 13)| wKQy D`vniY w`wQ t
1| Agymwjg`i KvQ KvivY weq wbwl (kvwdB AvBb bs k.1.2.e)| GAvBb jNb Ki myiv IqvKqv, AvqvZ 79 cvK-cwe Qvov Avi KD
GK k Kie bv| GZ gymwjg-Agymwjg wKQy ejv nqwb KviY KvivY Zv
GmQB Agymwjg`iK gymwjg evbvbvi Rb| I-AvBb cqvM nj fvB
wMwikP` KvivYi c_g evsjv Abyev` KiZ cviZb bv, bexRxi cksmv
KiZ cviZb bv Wt ivavK, MvwRx, i bvbK _K i Ki Wt gwim
eyKvBwj, Wt Kb_ g~i, evUv ivmj, gvBKj nvU&R cgyL AmsL cwgv
`vkwbK weklMY| nvbvwd AvBb Agymwjg`i KvQ KvivY weq ea|
2| hw` `wnK mKi PviRb eq gymjgvbi Pvzl cgvY bv _vK
Zvnj mvbaviY Kij gvwjwK AvBb KzgvixK PveyK I weaevK ciKxqvi
Aciva civNvZ gZz` nq| wK nvbvwd AvBb Zviv eKmyi Lvjvm cvq
(we-B-Av 1g L, ct 299 Ges cbvj j Ae& Bmjvg ct 71)| Avjvi AvBb
Ggb nq bv|
3| AweevwnZ`i ciKxqvi Rb PveyKi kvw| mB ciKxqvZ Kbv Rbvj
ZvK mB wcZv nvbvwd AvBb weq KiZ cvie bv wK kvwd AvBb cvie
(wcwcj&m& Ae& BmjvwgK RywicW Wt nvwkg Kvgvwj, ct 29|
4| weevwnZv bvix ciKxqv Kij nvbvwd AvBb AvRxeb Kvivevm, wK
nv^wj, kvwd I gvwjwK AvBb gZz`|
97

5| nvbvwd AvBb bvix-gyiZv`i AvRxeb Kvivevm wK nv^wj, kvwd I

gvwjwK AvBb gZz `|
6| mvx _vKzK ev bv _vKzK Mvcb weevn gvwjwK kvwiqvq Aea, wK mvx
_vKj Ab gRnve ea| m~ t wek-kvwiqv`ji eZgvb cavb bZv Wt
BDmyd KviRvwf
http://memri.org/bin/articles.cg?Page=archives&Area=ia&ID=IA29106
(Inquiry and Analyses Series No. 291)

7| Kvbv AweevwnZ ev AweevwnZv ciKxqvi kvwi ci ZIev Kij Abvb

gvgjvq kvwd AvBb Zvi mv bqv hve, wK nvbvwd AvBb bqv hve bv
(gymwjg RywicW Av KzivwYK j Ad vBg&m& ct 146)|
8| KD Abvq Acev` w`q kvw cvevi ci ZIevi ci Zvi mv
MnYhvM (kvwd-gvwjwK-nv^wj AvBb)| wK nvbvwd AvBb bq (we-B-Av
3q L, ct 825)|
9| evevi mv njI nvbvwd, kvwd I nv^wj AvBb MnYhvM bq,
Ze gvwjwK AvBb MnYhvM (wewae 2q L, ct 263)|
10| nvbvwd AvBbi mv_ Abvb AvBbi e weivai AbZg KviY nj t
nvbvwd gZ gynmvb nIqvi Rb gymjgvb nIqv AbZg kZ, wK Abvb
AvBb Zv bq (wewae 3q L ct 370)|
11| iv`vnxZvi kvw evwK me AvBb gZz ` wK nvbvwd AvBb AvRxeb
KvivMvi Wt nvwkg Kvgvwj, ct 30|
12| Bgvg Avey nvwbdv cv e KiwQjb gvbyl gvZfvlvq bvgvR coK| ci
kvwiqvcx`i Pvc wZwb G cv e cZvnvi Kib Wt nvwkg Kvgvwj, ct 19|
13| Kvb AgymwjgK Lybi Aciva Kvb gymwjgi cvY` ne bv cbvj
j Ae& Bmjvg, ct 149| gIjvbv AvwRRyj nKi Abyw`Z evLvwi 5g L
538 cvq AvQ nvw`m bs 1021 wRwK Lyb Kij enk&Zi MI cve bv|
(G eBUv AvcvZZt nvZi KvQ bB ej wbtm`n nIqv Mj bv)|
14| gZi mr gv mwi Ask cve bv, wK mr fvB-evb Ask cve
wewae 1g L aviv 418 I 423|
15| Vvvq, bkvi Nvi ev Pvci gyL ^vgx ZvjvK w`j nvbvwd AvBb ea
wK kvwd AvBb Aea BmjvwgK j ct 174|
16| ciii evcvi Agymwjg wRw`i mv nvbvwd AvBb MnYhvM
wK kvwd I gvwjwK AvBb bq nvbvwd AvBb n`vqv cv 363, wewae
Bmjvwg AvBb 2q L AvBb bs 576|
17| ^vgxK KD Rvi Ki ev fq `wLq x-ZvjvK eva Kij m ZvjvK
nvbvwd AvBb ea wK gvwjwK, kvwd I nv^wj AvBb Aea (we-Av-B 1g
L aviv 349 weklY)|
98

18| ^vgxi gv_v Lvivci ivM nj kvwiqv KvU xi weevn-weQ`i

Ave`b Kivi AwaKvi nvbvwd AvBb bvB wK gvwjwK, kvwd I nv^wj AvBb
AvQ (we-Av-B 1g L aviv 365 weklY)|
GB h weiva I wevw, GUv Kb nQ ? gZvi jovBqi iv loh
QvovI Gi AviK KviY nj KvivYi Kvb& AvqvZ KLb wKRb GmwQj Zv
Avgiv nq RvbwQ bv A_ev gvbwQ bv| G-evcvi Avw` hyM `yUv KZve jLv
nqwQj bexRxi cvq `ok eQi ci, Beb wnkvg Beb BkvK I ZvwiL Avj&
Zvevwi| Ab GK iZc~Y `wjj Avgiv nvwiqwQ ej mgmvUv Aviv
eoQ| DwZ w`wQ nvw`m Avj& Kvwd _K t
cqM^i (mvt)-Gi gZzi ci nRiZ Avjx cwZv Kwijb KvivYi
mjb bv Kiv ch wZwb Nii evwni hvBeb bv| Zuvnvi mwjZ KvivY
wewfb AvqvZ m^ ^qs bexRxi gZvgZ wQj| BnvZ Kvb& AvqvZi ci
Kvb& AvqvZ AvwmqvQ, Kvb& NUbvq KLb Kvnvi Dci AvwmqvQ BZvw`i
weeiY wQj| GBwj eZxZ Zuvnvi mjbwU AvqvZi w`K w`qv gymwjg wek
cPvwiZ KvivYi gZB| mjbi ci wZwb kvmK`i mvgb Zvnv ck
Kib| wK kvmKiv Zvnv MnY Kib bvB (nvw`m Avj& Kvwd 1g L, Avj&
Dmyj 2q ce, Aavq 4-Gi 2, cv 175-177)|
hLvb GZ ^weivaxZv, hLvb Kvb K`xq wbqY bB, hLvb KD
Kviv K_v kvb bv, hLvb wewfb `ji gIjvbviv ciiK KvdigybvdK ej NvlYv Kib, hLvb KvivYi AvqvZjvi wewfb A_ me,
hLvb KvivYi wb`ki cZKwUZ gymjgvb `vkwbK`i fZiB gZf`
AvQ Zv w`q memZ AvBb evbvbv hvq bv| Avi memZ bv nj Kvb
AvBbB Avjv-imyji bvg RvwZi Nvo Pvcvbv hvq bv| gvbyli Rxeb I
wekvm Kviv Ljvi cyZzj bq|

99

kvwiqv wK GLb APj ?

gvUB bq| KvivY kvwiqv ki A_ nj g~jeva| g~jeva wK KLbv APj nq
? wcZv-gvZvK fw KwiI wKsev mywePvi Ki, GUvB Avjvni AwaK wbKUeZx
(myiv gvq`v 8), G-K_v wK APj nq KLbv ? nq bv, eis IUvB gvbylK gvbyl
evbvq| wK GK `k GK hyMi GK mgvRi AbK AvBb Ab `k Ab hyMi
Ab mgvR APj neB| mRbB eywS eveev`x Bgvg ZvBwgqv ejwQjb t
gymwjg-wek GKwU wPib AvBbeev evewfwKI bq, meI bq (`
cwjwUKvj _U Ad Beb ZvBwgqv, ct 106 cdmi Kvgixb Lvb Av`g
cKvkbx, w`jx)| Aevi cwieZbi mv_ weavbi cwieZb nZB ne| GcwieZbi ^xKwZ `qv AvQ Lv` KvivYB t Avwg Kvb AvqvZ iwnZ Kwij
wKsev fyjvBqv w`j Zvnv Acv Dg A_ev mgchvqi AvqvZ Avwb (evKviv
106), hLb Avwg GK AvqvZi j Ab AvqvZ DcwZ Kwi Ges Avjvn hvnv
AeZxY Kib Zvnv wZwbB fvj Rvbb (bvn&j 101)| GK ej bm&L&|
wekl ejQb t bm&L&-Gi Dcjw AvwmqvQ gvbyli DcKvii Rb mgvRi
we`gvb cUf~wg I AvBbi mg^q Kivi cqvRb nBZB (wcwcj&m& Ae&
BmjvwgK RywicW Wt nvwkg Kvgvwj, ct 203)| wZwb G-I ejQb t
KvivY axi axi gvMZ 23 eQi awiqv bvwRj nBqvwQj, G-mZ BnvB cgvY
Ki h KvivY mB mgqi cwieZbwjK MYbvq awiqvwQj cv 504| wVKB
Zv, bvnj Zv KvivY GKw`bB bvwRj nZ cviZ| mgvRi eZgvb cwiwwZK
MYbvq aiZB ne GUv KvivYiB wb`k| AvBb evbvevi mUv nqwb ejB
AvR gymwjg mgvR e wechq| Avgv`i w`e` evDjI wK my`i Mq MQb t
`k mgmv Abymvi, wfb wePvi nZ cvi (jvjb kvn&)| 2003 mvj cvwKvbi
miKvwi KwgwUI wicvU ejQ Bnv AwZ cyivbv Kvcoi gZ| BnvK mvRv
KwiZ Mj wQuwoqv hvBe (cvwKvbi RvZxq Kwgkb wicvU)| cw_exi mePq
weLvZ kvwiqv-mg_K wekli `jI cBcB Ki wek-gymwjgK mveavb Ki
ejQb kvwiqvq gnv mgmv AvQ, mjv wVK bv Kiv ch hb kvwiqv AvBb
cqvM Kiv bv nq| DwZi mvivsk w`wQ Zuv`i eB _KB|
kvwiqvK G-hyM PvjvBZ nBj AekB h cP NlvgvRv KwiZ nBe
m-evcvi Avwg mevBK iY KivBqv w`ZwQ...mB hyM h Dk
kvwiqvi Dmyj evbvbv nBqvwQj, AbK KviYB GLb Dnv mB Dk ARb
KwiZ mg bn...kvwiqvi Dmyj wbRi cwZ I Zi fZi mgvRi vb100

Kvji evcviK wVKgZ Afy Ki bvB (wcwcj&m& Ae& BmjvwgK

RywicW Wt nvwkg Kvgvwj, ct 13, 500, 504)|
kvwiqvq mB mgvR cwZdwjZ h-mgvR kvwiqv Mwoqv DwVqvwQj...eZgvb
gvbyli eve cqvRb wgUvBZ cvi bvB...kvwdi ci kvwiqv axi axi gvbyli
cqvRb nBZ wewQb nBqv co (wimvjv, ct 1, 3 I 344)|
KvivYi weavbjv nBZ evSv hvq h, weavbjv bvwRj nBqvwQj hLb
Kvb mvgvwRK, bwZK ev agxq `iKvi nBqvwQj, wKsev hLb mvnvexiv bexRxi mv_
Kvb iZc~Y welq AvjvPbv KwiqvQb (kvwiqv w` BmjvwgK j Wt Ave`yi
ingvb WvB, ct 7)| ejv evj, G-aibi D`vniY AvQ gv KqKUv, hv w`q
GKUv `k PjZ cvi bv|
mgmv ZLbB nq hLb (kvwiqvi) AZxZi cqvRbK GLbKvi ivRbwZK
evLvq cqvM Kiv nq (w` BmjvwgK iU&m& Ae& WgvvwUK cyivwjR&g&, ct 57)
Wt Ave`yj AvwRR mvPw`bv, weki mevP Bmjvwg wekl`i GKRb, AZxZ
eZgvb Gu`i K_vi mZZv cgvY nqQ AmsL eve NUbvi ga w`q|
mgvRi ivRbwZK I A_bwZK cwiwwZK Dcv Kwiqv mxY gbi
Dk c~iYi Rb KvivYi AvqvZK eenvi KivI Bmjvwg bn (wnDgvb
ivBU&m& Bb& ` gymwjg IqvjW Wt gvqgyj Avnmvb Lvb, ct 58)|
h Kvb mgvRwevbxi MelYvq mgvRi cwiwwZi K_vUv evievi wdi Avm|
gIjvbv gywnDwbi evsjv KvivYi 334 cvq wevwiZ ejv AvQ, mgvR
cwieZbi mv_ kvLvMZ wewaweavb cwieZb Ki `qv nqQ| Avmj kvwiqv I
AvPvi-Abyvb `yUvB weewZZ nQ| iZ RvKvZ wQj ivi cvIbv, GLb mUv
Mwie`i| nRi mgq cv_i gvivi cwZ e`j MQ mcwZ| ig~ji cwigvY
bexRx hv avh KiwQjb Zv GLb Avi bB| gvweqv gv-g`xbvq Gm ejwQj
bexRxi mgqi AbK wKQy GLb Avi Pj bv, gymjgvbiv Zv gbI wbqwQj|
(nRiZ Imgvbi mgq) gymjgvbiv RvgvZ bvgvR cov Qvov AbK fvj KvR Kiv
Qo w`qQ evLvwi 1g L nvw`m 622| Zvgvy nRi cwZI e`j MQ
ZLbB (evLvwi 2q L nvw`m 634)| eZgvb weki AbZg kvwiqv-bZv gyn`
Ave`yn& GLb kvwiqvi AbK AvBb e`jvevi cve KiQb| GgbwK mcwZ
mvgvwjqvi weRqx mvgwiK bZv I Bgvg B ejQb kvwiqvi AvBb e`jvbv
ne (UvBg Ab& jvBb 22 bf^i, 2006)| Acivai weeZb nq ej kvwiI
weeZb nZ ne, bvnj Acivaxiv kvw cve bv| fe `Lyb, AvMi Avgji Pzwi
Avi GLbKvi Pzwi wK GK wRwbm ? hviv AvR ev _K KvwU KvwU UvKv avi wbq
KLbvB kva `q bv, wKsev h kqvi-eemvqx KvjKvZvq em evsjv`ki nvRvi
nvRvi gvbyli j j UvKv nvwZq wbj, Zviv wK Pvi ? bv nj, Kb bq ? Pvi
nj Zv`i wK nvZ KvUvi kvw ne ? bv nj, Kb ne bv ?
101

Gjv iZi ck| KvRB mvgvwRK weeZbK Dcv Kiv hvq bv, KvivYimyj Zv KibI wb| GgbwK gI`yw`I m K_v ejQb| gymwjg Ljxdviv Zuv`i
gx`iK wbRivB gbvbxZ KiZb, gxiv KD RbMYi wbevwPZ nZ bv|
gI`yw`i mgq G-cwZi wei mgvjvPbv nj wZwb m mgvjvPbvK cvv
`bwb GB ej t ZrKvjxb we`gvb cwiwwZ Dcv Kwiqv H mgqi NUbvK
eZgvbi AvjvK `wLevi RbB GB fyj nBqvQ (BmjvwgK j Av
KwUwUDkb, ct 236)| gI`yw`i K_vUv mwZ, A_P mB gI`yw`B kvwiqv mg_b
KiZ wMq Pigfve KvivY-myb Zi ZrKvjxb we`gvb cwiwwZ Dcv
KiQb| Zuvi cP AvZ wQj, RbMY hw` Ui cvq kvwiqvq GKUv njI KvivYweivax AvBb AvQ Ze Zviv kvwiqvq Abvb KvivY-weivax I gvbeZv-weivax
AvBb LyuR ei Ki dje| ZvZ Bmjvwg iv cwZv Ame nq coe| G-K_v
wZwb ejQbI Zuvi Bmjvwg AvBb gyiZv`i mvRv eBZ|
Avmj Avgv`i wkv wbZ ne nRiZ Igii KvQ _K| GgbwK, nRiZ
Igi evKx mvnvex`i mv_ civgk Ki nvw`m 203K ejer Kib I nvw`m 204,
205 I 206K iwnZ Kib AvwRRyj nKi evLvixi Abyev` 1g L ct 197-G
_vKvi K_v)| wZwb `ywfi mgq Pvii nvZ KvUbwb Ges GK Amygwjg Mvi
KvQ _K wRwRqv bbwb| wZwb wK Zvnj KvivY jNb KiwQjb ? AvwiK w`K
w`q KiwQjbB Zv, KviY KvivY jLv AvQ Pvii nvZ KU w`Z Ges
Agymwjg bvMwiK`i KvQ _K wRwRqv Ki wbZ| wK KvivYi Ai AwZg
Ki wZwb eRvq iLwQjb KvivYi ggevYx| evei mv_ GB mvgm Bmjvgi
GK Abb ewk| AvBb Avgiv GUvB cwZdwjZ `LZ PvB| GUvB Avgiv Avkv
Kwi Avgv`i eZgvb kvwiqvwe``i KvQ _K| KvRUv nQI, `Lyb t
cw_exZ dR`vwi AvBbi mevP wekl`i GKRb cbwmjfwbqv j
zji cdmi Wt cj GBP. iwebmb gvjxci Rb b~Zb AvBbi Lmov
KwiZQb|...hnZz MVbZ Abyhvqx gvjxc GKwU Bmjvwg iv Ges
AvBbMZfve mKj bvMwiKB gymwjg, ZvB GB AvBb nBe cw_exi c_g kvwiqvwfwK AvaywbK dR`vwi AvBb (24 RyjvB 2005 frontagemag.com)|
Ggb AbK D`vniY G eBZ `qv AvQ|

102

 myiv Avb-bgj 65 t ejyb, Avjvn eZxZ bfvgj I f~gj KD

Mvqei Lei Rvb bv|
myiv jvKgvb 34 t KD Rvb bv AvMvgx Kj m wK DcvRb Kie
Ges KD Rvb bv Kvb `k m gZz eiY Kie|

kvwiqv wK AcwieZbxq ?
wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 1g L AvQ t Zuvnviv (Bgvg Avey nvwbdv I Zuvnvi
mnPie`) Kej mgKvj D~Z mgmvi AvBbMZ mgvavb ck KwiqvB v
nb bvB, eis fwelZ wK aibi mgmvi De nBZ cvi Ges Zvnvi
mgvavbB ev wK nBZ cvi ZvnvI Zuvnviv MelYv Kwiqv wi Kwiqv Dnvi
AvBbMZ mgvavb wbYq KwiqvQb (wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 1g L cv 8)|
me ?
bv, me bq| `ykv, cuvPk,, `k nvRvi, wk j Ges cvk KvwU eQi
cii wekevcx Zver gymwjg mgvRi Zver mgmvi mgvavb w`Z cvi bv
KD| ZvQvov, G-K_v wVK nj BRgv, Kqvm, ivB, Bwmvb, BwZmjvn
BZvw`i wK ne ? kvKI ej, cyilm fvMg& `ev b Rvbw, Kz'Zv
gbylvt (xqvwigUv ev` w`wQ, IZ gv-evb`i cwZ Kzrwmr kl
AvQ)| A_vr `eZvivI fwelr Rvb bv gvbyl Zv Kvb& Qvi| Avgiv PvB
Avgv`i kvwiqv-cwZiv KvivY-mybZi AvjvK wbR`i we`veyw LvwUq
hyMvchvMx gymwjg-AvBb evbveb| wK Zuviv Zv bv Ki giYcY QyUQb
j j cv NuU nvRvi eQi AvM K wK KiQb Zv ei Ki Zvi
dUvKwc AvRKi mgvR cqvM KiZ|
evsjv`ki gywhyi gZ wekvj wecyj NUbv wek-BwZnvm KgB AvQ|
wK gZvi jovBqi ga co gv 35 eQi m-BwZnvm, m-`wjji hv
nvj nqQ ZvZ AvMvgx cRbi c wbR`iB GZ eo Mie m^ ewb
mZ cvIqv Ame nq MQ| GKB K_v LvU gymwjg LjvdZ m^I
RbKqK vbx Ljxdv Qvov 1400 eQii m `xN BwZnvm gymjgvbi nvZ
AmsL gymjgvbi loh, gvMZ Mnhy I MYnZvq cwic~Y| gymwjg
BwZnvm Avgiv Kgc 20wU ivRZ `wL Bmjvgi Lwjdv wnme,
ciii mv_ gZvi jovBqi KvgovKvgwo KiZ| mB loh, mB
gZvi jovBq Kvb& `wjji wK nvj nqQ Zv AvR ejv me bq| Avi,
wPiKvji fwelZi vb m^ Avgv`i KvivY wK ejQ ? ejQ hywi
K_v, mvaviY vbi K_v|
myiv ` 31 t nRiZ b~n G K_vI ewj bv h Avwg Mvqex LeiI Rvwb|
myiv Avivd 188 t Lv` bexRx Avwg hw` Mvqei K_v Rvwbqv
jBZ cvwiZvg Zvnv nBj e gj ARb KwiZ cvwiZvg|
103

nj ? Avjxgyj Mvqe (ARvbvi vbx) Avgiv ewj Avjvn&K, Kvb gvbylK bq| ^qs
bexRx ejQb AvMvgx Kvj Avgvi wK ne Avwg Rvwb bv- AvnKvd 9| Gi evLvq
gI`yw` GUv mg_bI KiQb t Avwg A`k wKQy Rvwb bv h `ywbqvi mewKQy Rvwbe
wKsev AZxZ-eZgvb I fwelZi mewKQy ewjZ cvwie| Zvgv`i fwelr `~ii
K_v Avwg Avgvi wbRi fwelrI Rvwb bv IqemvBU Zvdwngyj KzivY|
KvbvWvi mvwbZ I weLvZ Bgvg kL Avng` Kzw ejQbt http://www.alislamforall.org/Misc/islamonm.htm (mwn evLvix t Wt gnmxb Lvb - fjyg 7
nvw`m bs 77) GK weevn Abyvb hLb evwjKviv MvwnZwQj Avgv`i ga
GK imyj AvQb whwb Rvbb AvMvgxKvj wK NwUe ZLb wZwb Zvnvw`MK
_vgvBqv ewjqvQb GB evKwU ev` `vI Ges MvwnZ _vK| nvw`mI Avgiv
GKB Z_ cvB GLb Avwg hvnv Rvwb Zvnv hw` AvM RvwbZvg... (mwn
Beb gvRvn 4_ L 3074)|
KD KD ejb, kvwiqv evbvevi Rb fwelZi Bjnvg Avjvn& kvwiqvBgvg`i w`qQb| wK hnZz Bjnvg aygv gbi wPv, ZvB BnvZ
AbKQyi wgkY ev fyj _vwKZ cvi| KvRB Bjnvg Kvb AvBb ev cwZi
wfw nBZ cvi bv (Bgvg kvwdi kvwiqv KZve Dg`vZ& Avj mvwjK ct
1018)| Avi, Bjnvg cvIqvUv Zv PvL `Lv hvq bv, ZvB evm-Ubi Zviv
gvKv Kwg-ivmxi weZvi gZ K wK gZje wK Bjnvg `vwe KiQ Zv
ejv e gykwKj| Avgv`i ewikvj-fvjvi wcwcvj Avjnv gt mydx
nvweeyi ingvb mvne Gg.G. 1948 mvji 18B Ryb evi ivZ ^c
Avjvn&K cvjwK PoZ `LQb (nvKxZ-Lwct 134)| Gaibi fqven
mvebv eySB Bgvg kvwd Avgv`i Icii uwkqvwiUv w`q MQb| ZvQvov
kvwiqvi Avgiv Zv GK-AvaUv Bjnvgi K_v ejwQ bv, Ab fwelZi
Anxb mgvRi AmsL NUbv-Acivai K_v ejwQ| Zgb Ab Amxg
Bjnvg GKeviB Aeve|
wVK mRbB KvivY _K g~jeva wbq kvwiqvK cwiewZZ nZ ne hyMi
mv_| e Bmjvwg bZv G-K_v ejv i KiQb, wekweLvZ nvmvb Zvivex Zuv`i
GKRb| wZwb ejb, jvK vfve gb Ki kvwiqv nj AvBb| wK Avmj
kvwiqv nj Rxeb-cwZ my`vb wUweDb 06 Ryb, 2006|


104

Bmjvgi bvg Bmjvg jNbi cwZ

Gevi Avwg Avcbv`i GKUz Mfxi wbq hvev| agK Aceenvi Kivi wKQy
m~ cwZ AvQ hv mvaviY gvbyl eySZ cvi bv, cvivi K_vI bq| GB iKg
cwZ cqvM Kiv nqQ bvix-AwaKvi niYi RbI| G `wjjjv _K
Avgiv eySZ cvie KvivY wKfve `vmc_v DQ`i cv_wgK c`c
wbqwQj Ges cwiYvg m~Y DQ`i c_wb`k KiwQj| Zvici wKfve
gZvkvjxiv IB Bmjvgi bvgB bvbviKg kvwiqv AvBb I nvw`m evwbq
a~Zfve `vmc_vK Avevi mycwZwZ KiwQj|
bexRxi ci e kZvx ai e `k weRqi dj gymjgvbiv AmsL `vm`vmxi gvwjK nqwQj| nvwKg web nvRvg GKvB gy KiwQjb 200 RbK
(m~ 5)| gv mvZRb mvnvex gy KiwQjb 39,259 Rb `vm-`vmxK (m~
4)| wK GB kZvx-cvPxb k Kzc_vK KvivY nVvr GKw`b wece Ki
DQ` Kiwb| KviY ZvZ fO coZ mgvRi A_bxwZ, gvbyl nq coZ
wavM-Dv Avi nvRvi nvRvi `vm-`vmx nq coZ wbivkq Abnxb| KvivY
imyj fvj KiB RvbZb RbMY hw` gbi w`K _K Zwi bv nq Ze h Kvbv
fvj wRwbmI Rvi Ki Pvwcq w`j dj Lvivc nZ eva| g~jevai w`K w`q
m-Rb mvgvwRK weeZbB fvj| AZxZ-eZgvb Gi e D`vniY AvQ|
`vm`i Ici AwbqwZ AZvPvi nZ Bmjvg Avmvi AvM| KvivY mUv
DQ` KiZ axi axi avc avc GwMqQ| hnZz hyew`bx wnme Giv
wQj `vmx, ZvB G`i mv_ kvqv weRqx gymwjg-mb`i Rb c_g w`K
RvqR wQj (m~ 22, 26, 29)| Wt AvmMi Avjx Bwwbqvi, Avgxi Avwj,
nvib Bqvwnqv cgyL wekliv `vwe Kib, `vmxi mv_ kvqvi evcviUv
eySevi I Abyev`i Mvjgvj, KvivY KLbv GK AbygwZ `qwb| hvB nvK,
hyew`bx`i `~i `k cvwVq `vmi nvU wexI Kiv nZ (m~ 23)| Avgiv
`wL KvivY c_g `vm`i mv_ `yeenvi Kiv e KiQ| Zvici Zv`i
gywi eev KiQ Ges mekl `vmc_vi g~j AvNvZ Ki cyiv DQ`i
weavb w`qQ myiv gyn` AvqvZ 4-G t hyew``i gyw `vI cY wbq ev cY
QvovB| KviY hyew`B wQj `vmc_vi kKo, IUv e nj axi axi `vmc_v
DQ` nZ eva| Lqvj Kij `Leb `vmgywi Rb KvivY GZB DwM
wQj h, h-me evcvii mv_ `vmc_vi KvbvB mK bB mjvKI
cqvM KiQ `vmgywi Rb| hgb t
105

1| m~h ev P`Mn Y nj `vm-`vmx`i gyw `vI (m~ 11)|

2| igRvb ivRv bv ivLj ev ivRv ivLvi cwZv fvOj, wZc~iY wnme
`vm-`vmx`i gyw `vI (m~ 2)|
3| ivRv Aevq nVvr Avjv-imyji cwZ Lvivc K_v gyL w`q ei nq Mj
`vm-`vmx gyw `vI (m~ 25)|
4| RvKvZi cqmv w`q `vm-`vmx wKb Zv`i gyw w`Z cvi (m~ 27)|
5| Kvb MfeZxK AvNvZ Ki KD MfcvZ NUvj ZvK `vm-`vmx w`q
wZc~iYi ivq w`Z cvi Av`vjZ (m~ 3)|
6| xZ`vm`i ejv nqQ fvB, A_vr `vmxiv evb| GKB Lvevi-cvkvK
w`Z ejQb bexRx, mvavZxZ KvR w`Z wbla KiQb, AviI AbK
fvjv K_v AvQ (m~ 15)|
7| `vmx`i gy Ki weq Kivi PvcI w`qQ Bmjvg, GKevi wY
mIqvei K_v ej Dy KiQ (m~ 14, 18, 19)| wK ci `Lv
Mj, Kviv KvQ ^vaxb bvixK weq Kivi cqmv _vKj `vmxK weq
Kiv gvKin Kiv nqQ (m~ 8)|
hw`I Kvb Kvb aygv gymwjg xZ`vm`iB gy Kivi K_v ejQ KvivY
(m~ 6), Zey me wgwjq gvbevwaKvii c_ m Avgj G-GK AmvaviY wece|
wK ci Bmjvgi GB gvbevwaKviK m~Y D `qv nj| ^v_i Rb
`vm-eemv Avevi cwZwZ Kiv nj, IB Bmjvgi bvgB| `vm-`vmxi Ici
Ggb AbK nvw`m AvQ hjv Ici `Lvbv m~i weivax, ^fveZB
mjv ^v_i Rb evbvbv| Avgiv gb Kwi bexRx KLbv ew`bx`i mv_
`yeenvii AbygwZ `bwb| wK `Lyb, Zuvi gZz i AbK eQi ci kvwiqvi
GB AvBb evbvbv nqQ hyew`bx nIqv gv bvix`i c~ei weevn evwZj
nBe (m~ S)| weq evwZji gZjeUv nj, weRqx mbiv ejQ Avgiv
hyi MwYgZ wnme cv igYx`i mv_ AvR&j (bvix-`ni evBi exhcvZ)
KwiZvg (m~ 7)| GgbwK, hyRqi ciciB wKQy mb ew`bx`i ^vgx`i
mvgbB Zv`i alY KiZ, wKQy mb Zvnv cQ` KwiZ bv m~ 32|
GB Ki bexRxi bvg `vmx-msmMK ea Kiv nqQ| h nZfvMx `vmxjvi
GKB mv_ `yB, wZb, ev `k-eviv Rb gwbe wQj, wKfve KvUZ Zv`i w`bivZ ? `yGKUv bq, Qq QqUv nvw`mi `wjj mwn evLvix Ges nvbvwd AvBb
ejQ `vmx`i GKmv_ KqKRb gwbei c_v wQj Ges gwbe`i AwaKvi
wQj Zv`i cviwiK mwZZ H `vmx`i mv_ kvqvi (m~ 9)| bexRxi
PvLi mvgb G AbvPvi nqQ Zv Avgiv wekvm Kwi bv, G-me nvw`m wbq
cyilZi ^v_i Rb ci evbvbv nqQ| K Rvb KZ j j nZfvMx
wbicivwabxi Rxeb-heb ay Gi-Ii-Zvi weQvbvq weQvbvq KUQ| m~i
GKUv _K DwZ w`wQ, fjyg 3, ct 421, nvw`m bs 698 _K t
Avjvni bex (`t) ejQb, hw` KD Kvb GRgvwj (hvi AbK gvwjK
106

AvQ) `vm-`vmxK wbR Ask _K gy Ki Ges Zvi KvQ cyiv gyw `evi
gZ h_ A_ _vK Zvnj Zvi DwPZ Kvb bvqcivqY jvK viv mB `vm`vmxi Dchy g~j wbaviY Kiv, Ges Zvi Askx`vi`i Zv`i Aski g~j
w`q mB `vm-`vmxK gy Ki `qv| Zv bv nj m ay mB `vm-`vmxK
AvswkK gy Kij| Gi mv_ nvbvwd AvBbUv wgwjq wbj DkUv cwivi
ne t Askx`vi (gvwjKMY) ciii mwZg xZ`vmxK `wnKfve
DcfvM KwiZ cvwie (m~ 1)| Avh bq, gymjgvb`i Agj GmQ
Zv`iB AvPiY _KB (m~ t 28)| Aviv `Lyb t
1| `vmx (xi) Mf _K h mvb RbMnY Ki, m gvwjKi Mvjvg nq
(m~ 10)| weq Kiv `vmxi evPv-B hw` Mvjvg nq Ze weq bv-Kiv
`vmxi evPviv Zv Mvjvg neB| GZ `vmc_v KLbvB e ne bv|
2| Uv `qv e K, wPiKvj gvbyl GUv duvwK w`Z PqQ| Avi duvwK
`evi cwZUv nvjvj nj Zv K_vB bB| `Lyb, wKiKg AvBb evbvbv
nqQ t Abvb mwi Ici RvKvZ _vKjI xZ`vm-mwi
Ici RvKvZ bB (m~ 12)| A_vr `vm-eemvq UvKv LvUvbvK
DrmvwnZ Ki `vmc_vK kwkvjx Kiv nj|
3| xZ`vm hw` gvwjK I AvjvnK wVKgZ gb Pj Zvnj Zvi wY mIqve
ne (m~ 13 I 14)| A_vr gvwjKK GKevi AvKvk Zzj `vmi gb
AviI GKUv kKj civbv nj, m Avi we`vn Kivi K_v wPvI Kie bv|
4| GUv GKUv gvivZK K_v| Ges AviI Awekvm| Ges ggvwK| hw` Kvb `vm
ev `vmx Zvi gvwjKi KvQ _K cvwjq hvq Ze wdi bv Avmv ch Zvi
Kvb Bev`Z Keyj ne bv (m~ 21)| GB wbqg `vmc_vK GKevi Pig
kwkvjx Ki Zvjv nj| gvwjKi gvMZ AZvPvi `vmi cvYv nZ cvi
wK m we`vn Zv `~ii K_v, Rvb wbq cvjvZI cvie bv|
5| GgbwK gy Ki `evi ciI `vm-`vmxiv cvb gvwjKi KvQ A`k
gvwjKvbvq euvav _vKZ, Ab KviI mv_ GgbwK ezZ KivI wbla
wQj| Kij gwK wQj Zv`i Kvb Bev`Z Keyj ne bv m~ 20|
6| gvwjKi AbygwZ Qvov weq Kij Zv Aea, mUv ewfPvi ne 9 (m~ 35)|
nvw`m AvQ t hgbfve `vm-`vmx`i gviv, Zgbfve KLbv x`i gvie
bv| Zvici (A_vr x`i gvivi ci) ivZ Zv`i mv_ kve (m~ 24)|
Aveviv ejwQ, G-me nvw`m Avgiv wekvm Kwi bv, ciKxqv Qvov x-cnviK
bexRx KLbv eaZv `bwb (m~ 33 I 34)| Avi `vmx`i weq KivK c_g
DrmvwnZ Kiv njI bexRxi ci AvBb nqQ t nRiZ Bgvg kvdqx I
Abvb Bgvgi gZ B`x ev Lxvb `vmx weq Kiv mevevq Aea (m~ 17)|
mvivsk t gvv K_vUv nj, KvivY gvbevwaKvi cwZvi c_ `wLqQ wK
107

wKQy gymjgvb wewfb AvBb evwbq KvivYi bvg KvivY jNb KiQ| AvR
Avgiv hLb gymwjg mgvR nvwiq hvIqv gvbevwaKvi cwZvi Pv Kwi ZLb
wKQy kwkvjx kvwiqv-mg_K Avgv`i gyiZv` ej Lyb Kivi Pv Kib|
hgb, Avgiv hLb ewj Bmjvg `vmc_vK c_g Kwgq Gb ci DQ`
KiQ ZLb GK kvwiqv-mgvU ejb Avgiv gyiZv`| wZwb ejb t `vmc_v
Bmjvgi A| `vmc_v wRnv`i Ask Ges Bmjvg hZw`b _vwKe `vmc_vI
_vwKe| hvnviv ej wewfb Mvi ga mvg Avwbqv Bmjvg `vmc_vK
DQ` KwiqvQ Zvnviv A, Zvnviv Kvdi (Wt kL mvjn& Avj& dIRvb,
m`x Aviei agxq msv K`xq elxqvb Bgvg cwil`-Gi m`m, web m`
wekwe`vjqi cdmi, agxq MelYv I wmv KvDwji m`m, wiqv`i
wc wgZvqe gmwR`i Bgvg Ges mw` wkv-wmjevmi cavb iPwqZv
m~ 16)| `ytLi mv_ gIjvbv gI`yw`KI iY KiZ nQ t Bmjvwg
AvBb Abymvi hyew`i wbRi `k hw` gywcY `q Ze ew`iv gy nBe|
ew`-wewbgqI Pwje| GB `yB Dcvq bv _vwKj hyew`iv `vm-G cwiYZ
nBe (m~ 30)| gI`yw`i GB AwfgZ mivmwi myiv gyn` AvqvZ 4-Gi
weivax hLvb Avjvn ejQb hyew`K gywcY wbq ev bv wbq Qo w`Z|
Avmj KvivY-weivax KgKvi cgvY AvQ mvnvexi GB K_vq, n
fvwZRv ! Zzwg Zv AeMZ bI imyjj
y v n (`t)-Gi BnKvj ZvMi ci Avgiv
wK wK wecixZ Kvh KwiqvwQ m~ 31|
wbe m~ t
1|
2|
3|
4|
5|
6|
7|
8|
9|
10|
11|
12|
13|
14|
15|
16|

P-Gi cv 231|
L-Gi AvBb bs 1669, 1674, 1681, BZvw`|
M-Gi nvw`m bs 2630 Ges 2631|
K-Gi cv 1257|
N-Gi fjyg 3, nvw`m bs 715|
myiv wbmv, 92|
M-Gi nvw`m bs 2434 I 2435 ; N-Gi 3q L, nvw`m 718 I Abvb|
K-Gi cv 242|
N-Gi fjyg 3, nvw`m bs 697, 698, 699, 701, 702, 703 I 704|
K-Gi cv 242|
N-Gi fjyg 3, nvw`m bs 695 I 696|
N-Gi fjyg 2, nvw`m bs 542 I 543 Ges M-Gi nvw`m bs 1108|
M-Gi nvw`m bs 2388|
N-Gi fjyg 4, nvw`m bs 255|
M-Gi nvw`m bs 2389 _K 2391-Gi Ask I 2617|
mw` Bbdigkb GRw, Bwc mw` wbDR
editor@arabiannews.org 7B bf^i 2003|
108

17|
18|
19|
20|
21|
22|
23|
24|
25|
26|
27|
28|
29|
30|

K-Gi cv 242|
N-Gi fjyg 3, nvw`m bs 720|
M-Gi nvw`m bs 2386|
N-Gi fjyg 3, nvw`m bs 94 I fjyg 4, nvw`m bs 404|
Q-Gi cv 377|
myiv Avj gywgbb, AvqvZ 5, 6, 7|
R-Gi fjyg 3, cv 112|
M-Gi nvw`m bs 2468|
L-Gi AvBb bs 1675|
myiv Avj&-Avnhve, AvqvZ 52|
L-Gi AvBb bs 1933 (5)|
K-Gi cv 267|
myiv Avj& gvAvwiR, AvqvZ 29, 30, 31|
gywbi Kwgkbi mvgb gI`yw`i ee, cv 225|
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_5-7-2005_pg3_2

31|
32|
33|
34|
35|

T-Gi cv 297, nvw`m bs 1505|

U-Gi nvw`m bs 11-Gi 2150|
V-Gi cv 852, aviv 1322 weklY|
W-Gi cv 171|
mwn Avey `vD`, nvw`m 2073|

(K)
(L)
(M)
(N)
(O)
(P)
(Q)
(R)
(S)
(T)
(U)
(V)

evsjvq KvivY kixdi Abyev` gIjvbv gywnDxb Lvb|

Bmjvgx AvBb t AvqvZzjvn Avj& DRvgv mq` Avjx Avj& mvqbx Avj& mxvbx|
evsjvq mwn evLvixi mjb t gyn` Ave`yj Kwig Lvb|
mwn evLvixi BsiRx Abyev` t Wt gyn` gnmxb Lvb, g`xbv wekwe`vjq|
nvw`m mjbi BwZnvm t gIjvbv gyn` Ave`yi inxg|
nvbvwd AvBb n`vqv Bsjvi evwivix z j covbv nq|
ij KvivY t gIjvbv Ave`y` `vBqvb|
Kvmvmyj Avw^qvi Abyev` t gIjvbv ewkixb I gIjvbv ew`Dj Avjg|
Eg`vZ Avj& mvwjK Bgvg kvwdi AvBb bs o.9.13, ct 604|
mwn evLvixi evsjv Abyev` gIjvbv AvwRRyj nK mvne|
mwn mybvb Avey `vD` BvibU msiY|
wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 3q L|
wiqv`ym& mvjnxb Avjvgv Bgvg beex|

(W)

109

evLvi fqvenZv
Ici Avgiv hv `Ljvg Zv `Ljvg| ZLb gymwjg mbiv kZ kZ eQi ai
wmz _K b ch `ki ci `k Rq KiwQj| evc-`v`vi Avgj _K
hyRq `LZ `LZ wKQy Bgvg nqZ gb KiZb Gfve hy Ki mviv
cw_ex Rq Ki Bmjvwg iv cwZv KiZB bexRx aivq GmwQjb| ZvB wKQy
Bgvg Bmjvgi fqi evLv w`qQb hv Avwg GLvb Zzj aie AZ
wbfihvM KZve _K, - myiv ZIev AvqvZ 29 nj t Zvgiv hy Ki
Avn&j-wKZvei (B`x-Lxvb) H jvK`i mv_, hviv Avjvn I ivR nvki
Bgvb ivL bv, Avjvn I Zuvi imyj hv nvivg Ki w`qQb Zv nvivg Ki bv
Ges mZag MnY Ki bv, hZY bv Zviv nvZ Rvo Ki wRwRqv c`vb
Ki| Zjvqvi AvqvZ bvgB myiv ZIev AvqvZ 29 weLvZ|
ZLb mg evaevaKZv (Agymwjg`i mv_ Pzw BZvw`) evwZj KwiZ
Avjvn myiv ZIev-Z Kzg Rvwi Kwijb| Ges Av`k Kwijb hy KwiZ
mKj gykwiK`i mwnZ, Ges B`x-Lxvb`i mwnZ, hw` Zvnviv Bmjvg MnY
bv Ki, A_ev ^Qvq AcgvwbZfve AvZmgcY Kwiqv wRwRqv Ki bv `q
hvnv myiv ZIev AvqvZ 29-G bvwRj nBqvQ| myZivs, cwjK, B`x I
Lxvb`i wei hy evwZj Kivi ev mgSvZvq Avwmevi ev wnsmZv evwZj
Kivi AbygwZ gymjgvbw`MK `Iqv nBj bv wPiKvji Rb hZY ch
gymjgvbiv Zvnv`i wei hy Kivi kw ivL| myZivs Bnv h,
c_g hy wbwl wQj| Zvici hvnviv gymjgvbi wei hy Ki Ges hvnviv
Avjvn Qvov Abi Dcvmbv Ki Zvnv`i wei c_g hyi AbygwZ `qv
nBj I ci hyK evaZvg~jK Kiv nBj|- m~ t gw`bv Bmjvwg
wekwe`vjqi Wt gynwmb Lvb-Gi Abyw`Z mwn eyLvix (AL) ct 1081|
Bmjvgi G-GK fqven evLv| eZgvb weki w`Kcvj kvwiqv-mg_K Wt
nvwkg Kvgvwj GZ wePwjZ nq ejQb t KvivYi GKkwUi ewk
g~jevai AvqvZ hgb `qv, gv, kvw, bvq-eenvi I mnbkxjZvK
Zjvqvi AvqvZ (G-bvgB myiv ZIev AvqvZ 29 weLvZ) evwZj KwiqvQ
ewjqv `vwe Kiv nq...Bnv nqZ ZLbKvi mgq KvR jvwMqvQ hLb
gymjgvbiv cw_exZ ivRbwZK-mvgwiK kwZ Abb wQj| wK Bnv ZLbv
h_v_ wQj bv, GLbv GB cwiewZZ wek Bnv MnYhvM bn (wcwcj&m Ae&
110

BmjvwgK RywicW, ct 507)|

KzivwYK j Ae& vBg&m& eBwU `ytL Ki ejQ t GB GKwU gv
Zjvqvi-AvqvZ viv GKk PwekwUi ewk (g~jevai) AvqvZK evwZj
KwiqvQ, GgbwK evKviv 256-KI (ag Rei`w bvB) ct 8|
Wt mvPw`bvi gZ wekvj cwZI `ytL Ki ejQb t kvwiqv bZv`i
gZ KvivYi mnbkxjZvi AvqvZwjK evwZj KwiqvQ Zjvqvi-AvqvZ
myiv ZIev AvqvZ 29 hvnv B`x-Lxvb`i wei (wPiKvji Rb) hyi
Av`k `q (w` Bmjvwg iU&m& Ae& WgvvwUK cyivwjR&g&, ct 48)| G
AcevLvi cfve gymwjg mgvRK c_ KiQ| Bmjvgi GB wnsm evLvK
mg_b Ki PjQ eZgvbi kvwiqvcxivI, m~t `wbK msMvg, 04 Rvbyqvix,
2007| G-iKg e D`vniY AvQ|
e wVK GB `kbi wfwZB gIjvbv gI`yw` ejQb t Bmjvg `kRvwZ wbwekl Bmjvgi `kb I KgcwZi cwicx mKj iv I miKviK
cw_ex nBZ asm KwiZ Pvq (Bmjvg wRnv`, ct 6)| GB `kbUv cw_exi
Zver Agymjgvbi wei GKUv hy Qvov Avi wKQyB bq| GUv Rvbvi ci
BDivc-AvgwiKv-Awjqv hw` GKhvM cw_exi me gymjgvbK mvgwiK
AvgY Ki Ze wK ne ? IB AvgYvZK `kbB gI`yw` Zuvi `j MVb
KiQb Ges ejQb t cvwU kwUi Rb KvivY Dv k eenvi
KwiqvQ...nRiZ AveyeKi gymwjg cvwUi bZZ w`qvwQjb (Bmjvg wRnv`
ct 5, 10 BZvw`)| A_vr wZwb wek-gymwjgK cvwU ejZ wMq KvivY I
nRiZ AveyeKiK ch Rwoq djQb| wK cw_exZ AmsL gymjgvb
GUv AZ AcQ` Kib| `Lyb, gw`bvi kvwPzwi 47Uv avivi 2 bs avivq
bexRx wbRB gw`bvi gymwjg-B`x-Lxvb-cwjK mevBKB Dv wnme
wPwZ Ki `wjj mB Ki MQb (` dv wiU&b& KwUwUDkb Ae& `
IqvjW nvwg`yjjvn 1941, ct 42 I Beb wnkvg Beb BkvK, ct 231)|
kvwiqvcx`i Zzgyj Rbwcq jwLKv Kvib AvgsI ejQb, gymwjg,
B`x, cyZzj-c~RK mKjB GK Dvi Afy wQj (Bmjvg, G-kU wnw
ct 14)| m-wnme h-Kvbv kvmbKvhi AvIZvq mevB GK Dv, A_vr
GK RvwZ, hgb Avgiv RvwZ-ag-wbwekl mevB evsjv`kx| wK gI`yw`
Zuvi wbR^ wekvmK cwZv Kivi Rb bexRxi `qv ki A_ e`jvjb I
bexRxK AvgYKvix evbvjb| wZwb ejjb t ci Pvicvki `kwjZ
bex (`t) Bmjvg MnYi AvgY cvVvb| hLb IB `kwji kvmbKZviv Zuvi
AvgY A^xKvi Kwij, ZLb bex (`t) Zvnv`i wei mvgwiK Awfhvbi
eev MnY Kwijb (Bmjvg wRnv`, ct 23)|
Bmjvgi G-GK fqven evLv| hyi AvqvZ w`q KvivYi `qv-gvqvgv-mnY Gmei AvqvZK evwZj Ki Bmjvgi wfwB Uwjq `qv
nqQ| GUvB kvwiqv-Bmjvg| GRbB weki AMwYZ gymjgvb G-evLvK
111

evwZj KiQb, e Agymjgvb BmjvgK fq cZ i KiQ| Abw`K

LvRv gCbyxb wPkwZ, kvnRvjvj-kvn-gL`yg-wbRvgyxb AvIwjqvK KD
Kvbw`b Kvbv mgvjvPbv Kiwb, AvRI Dbv`i `iMvq kZ kZ bq, nvRvi
nvRvi gymwjg I Agymwjg ch wMq kvw cvq| Bmjvg hw` kvwi ag nq
Ze Ggb kvw Avi Kv_vq AvQ ? gI`yw`i IB evLv Avi kvwiqv
`kjvi gvbevwaKvi jNb `L `L cwg wek mvaviY RbMYI GLb
ejv i KiQ t kvwiqv nBj mvmi RbK (ivwWKvj Bmjvg ij&m&,ct
16)| m-RbB kvwiqvK aygv GKUv wbixn AvBbi eB gb Kiv gnvfyj
ne| Avmj kvwiqv nj Ab mKj iv I miKviK cw_ex nBZ asm
Ki wek-Bmjvwg iv cwZvi fqven Ac`kb|
evLv wRwbmUvB Ggb| evLv w`q wZjK Zvj Kiv hvq, GKUv ewZ wbcxwoZ
RvwZi giYcY iv ^vaxbZv hyK MMvji mgq wKsev fvBq fvBq SMov
ejv hvq| Aviv `Lyb, mb`ji GKgv KvR nj we`kx AvgY _K `kK
iv Kiv| GUv ^xKvi Ki Zv`iK kc_I wbZ nq| mB kc_ wkKq Zzj
Zviv hw` wecyj weg wbRi `kKB Rq Ki dj Zve Zv wbNvr Abvq| wK
G-nb kc_-f I MYZi nZvKvix mvgwiK AfyvbKI Bmjvwg ej evLv
`qv me hgb t KvivYi AvqvZ Abyhvqx evbvbv Bmjvwg AvBb gvZveKB
mycxg KvU ivq w`qvQ cvwKvbi eZgvb (1984 mvji) gvkvj j ea
(RywiwK wWdvim Av nvI Uz wiRjf& `g ct 10 wgt AvdRvj Pxgv,
Pqvigvb, KvDwj Ad BmjvwgK AvBwWqvjwR, cwiPvjK ivweZv, Gwkqvb
wefvM, Bmjvgvev` I cvb wePviK)| GiB bvg Bmjvg weKwZ| Bmjvgi G-iKg
fqi evLv vivB evsjv`ki gywhy cvwKvwb gymwjg mb viv evOvwj wn`y
bvixK alY KivK nvjvj NvlYv me nqQ| Kvbv kvwiqvcxiv Zvi cwZev`I
Kibwb|
GKB evcvi GKB cwZi Dv evLvI `wL Avgiv| Wt Rvgvj
ev`vIqx wek-weLvZ kvwiqv-mg_K cwZ, wek-ev I e AvRv wZK kvwiqv
msMVbi bZv| Zuvi mevwaK cPvwiZ wbe Bmjvg bvixi AwaKvi wZwb GK
SuvK hyw w`q `pfve `wLqwQjb Kb Bmjvg bvix bxZ wbwl| Zuvi
e fivI wbqB cwZev` KiwQj AvwgI cvwVqwQjvg Avgvi bZZ I
bxZ wbei `wjjjv| wKQyw`b ci Zuvi IqemvBU wMq `wL wZwb
AvMi hywjv evwZj Ki Ab GK SuvK hyw w`q `wLqQb Kb
Bmjvg bvix bxZ MnYhvM|
gI`yw`i ^weivax evLvI Lye iZc~Y| wZwb ejQb h-mKj welq
mv Ges Zuvnvi imyji mywbw` weavb iwnqvQ, m-mKj welq Kvb gymwjg
bZv, AvBbwe` ev Bmjvwg wekl, GgbwK `ywbqvi me gymjgvb HKe
nBjI we`ygv i`e`j KwiZ cvwie bv (BmjvwgK j Av KwUwUDkb
ct 140)| gw`bv PzwUvi 14 b^i avivq AvQ Kvb AwekvmxK Lyb Kivi
112

e`j Kvb gymjgvb Ab gymjgvbK Lyb (Bqvvjy) Kwie bv| A_vr wZwb
IB AvBb gvbeb, Kvb gymwjg Kvb AgymwjgK Lyb Kij Lybxi kvw
`eb bv| A_P mB wZwbB Avevi Dv evLvq ejQb, Bmjvwg iv
Agymwjg bvMwiK`i Rvb-gvj I mvbK e gymwjg bvMwiK`i gZB
nBZ nBe| `Iqvwb I dR`vwi AvBb gymwjg-Agymwjgi KvbB cv_K
bvB| wnDgvb ivBU&m& Bb& Bmjvg cv 12| Gfve Zuvi Abymvixiv h KZ
RvqMvq KZfve gvivZK ^weivwaZvi wkKvi nQ Ges RvwZK Zvi `vg
w`Z nQ Zvi Bqv bB|
gZjwe evLvi AviKUv D`vniY `Lyb| myiv nv`x` AvqvZ 25 t Avi Avwg
bvwRj KiwQ jn, hvZ AvQ cP kw Ges gvbyli ewea DcKvi| AekB
jvnvZ AvQ cP kw Ges gvbyli AbK DcKvi, hgb jvj, Mvwo, BZvw`|
Avmj jvnv Qvov RxebB Pje bv| wK GUvK kvwiqvcxiv ivRbwZK is
Pwoq Abyev` KiQb hvZ AvQ cP iYkw| GUv c_g KiQb Beb
Kv_xi, KviY Zuvi mgq gymwjg-Agymwjgi cP hy PjwQj| A_vr evLvUvq
hyi K_v XywKq w`q wek-gymwjgK wPiKvji Rb `ywbqvi me Agymwjgi
wei hyi w`K DmwKq `qv nqQ| GLb hy Ki `ywbqvi mg
AgymwjgK civwRZ Kivi ^cUv fO MQ wK Bmjvwg iv cwZv Kivi
^cUv iq MQ| ZvB evLvUvI e`jvbv nqQ| GLb IUv Avi iYkw
bq, GLb IUv nq MQ ivkw wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 3q L ct 245|

113

cw_exi c_g MVbZ

MVbZ wK ? MVbZ nj h-Kvb msMVbi KgKvi g~j `wjj hvZ mB
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114

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115

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116

Ze iZB bq eis KqK eQi msMvgi ci gw`bvi Ges Abvb Agymwjg

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117

gw`bv-mb`
http://www.constitution.org/cons/medina/kassim2.htm
APPENDIX
THE MEDINA CHARTER (FN11)
In the name of God the Compassionate, the Merciful.
(1) This is a document from Muhammad the prophet
(governing the relations) between the believers and Muslims
of Quraysh and Yathrib, and those who followed them and
joined them and labored with them.
(2) They are one community (umma) to the exclusion of all men.
(3) The Quraysh emigrants according to their present custom shall
pay the bloodwit within their number and shall redeem their
prisoners with the kindness and justice common among believers.
(4-8) The B. Auf according to their present custom shall
pay the bloodwit they paid in heatheism; every section shall
redeem its prisoners with the kindness and justice common
among believers. The B. Sa ida, the B. I-Harith, and the B.
Jusham, and the B. al-Najjar likewise.
(9-11) The B. Amr b. Auf, the B. al-Nabit and the B. alAus likewise.
(12)(a) Believers shall not leave anyone destitute among them by
not paying his redemption money or bloodwit in kindness.
(12)(b) A believer shall not take as an ally the freedman of
another Muslim against him.
(13) The God-fearing believers shall be against the rebellious
or him who seeks to spread injustice, or sin or animosity, or
corruption between believers; the hand of every man shall be
against him even if he be a son of one of them.
(14) A believer shall not slay a believer for the sake of an
unbeliever, nor shall he aid an unbeliever against a believer.

118

(15) Gods protection is one, the least of them may give

protection to a stranger on their behalf. Believers are friends
one to the other to the exclusion of outsiders.
(16) To the Jew who follows us belong help and equality. He
shall not be wronged nor shall his enemies be aided.
(17) The peace of the believers is indivisible. No separate
peace shall be made when believers are fighting in the way
of God. Conditions must be fair and equitable to all.
(18) In every foray a rider must take another behind him.
(19) The believers must avenge the blood of one another
shed in the way of God.
(20)(a) The God-fearing believers enjoy the best and most
upright guidance.
(20)(b) No polytheist shall take the property of person of Quraysh
under his protection nor shall he intervene against a believer.
(21) Whoever is convicted of killing a believer without good
reason shall be subject to retaliation unless the next of kin is
satisfied (with blood-money), and the believers shall be
against him as one man, and they are bound to take action
against him.
(22) It shall not be lawful to a believer who holds by what is in
this document and believes in God and the last day to help an
evil-doer or to shelter him. The curse of God and His anger on
the day of resurrection will be upon him if he does, and neither
repentance nor ransom will be received from him.
(23) Whenever you differ about a matter it must be referred
to God and to Muhammad.
(24) The Jews shall contribute to the cost of war so long as
they are fighting alongside the believers.
(25) The Jews of the B. Auf are one community with the
believers (the Jews have their religion and the Muslims have
theirs), their freedmen and their persons except those who
behave unjustly and sinfully, for they hurt but themselves
and their families.
119

(26-35) The same applies to the Jews of the B. al-Harith, B.

Sai ida, B. Jusham, B. al-Aus, B. Thalaba, and the Jafna, a
clan of the Thalaba and the B. al-Shutayba. Loyalty is a
protection against treachery. The freedmen of Tha laba are
as themselves. The close friends of the Jews are as
themselves.
(36) None of them shall go out to war save the permission of
Muhammad, but he shall not be prevented from taking
revenge for a wound. He who slays a man without warning
slays himself and his household, unless it be one who has
wronged him, for God will accept that.
(37) The Jews must bear their expenses and the Muslims
their expenses. Each must help the other against anyone who
attacks the people of this document. They must seek mutual
advice and consultation, and loyalty is a protection against
treachery. A man is not liable for his allys misdeeds. The
wronged must be helped.
(38) The Jews must pay with the believers so long as war lasts.
(39) Yathrib shall be a sanctuary for the people of this document.
(40) A stranger under protection shall be as his host doing no
harm and committing no crime.
(41) A woman shall only be given protection with the
consent of her family.
(42) If any dispute or controversy likely to cause trouble
should arise it must be referred to God and to Muhammad
the apostle of God. God accepts what is nearest to piety and
goodness in this document.
(43) Quraysh and their helpers shall not be given protection.
(44) The contracting parties are bound to help one another
against any attack on Yathrib.
(45) (a) If they are called to make peace and maintain it they
must do so; and if they make a similar demand on the
Muslims it must be carried out except in the case of a holy
war.
120

(45) (b) Every one shall have his portion from the side to
which he belongs.
(46) The Jews of Al-Aus, their freedmen and themselves
have the same standing with the people of this document in
purely loyalty from the people of this document. Loyalty is a
protection against treachery. He who acquires ought acquires
it for himself. God approves of this document.
(47) This deed will not protect the unjust and the sinner. The
man who goes forth to fight and the man who stays at home
in the city is safe unless he has been unjust and sinned. God
is the protector of the good and God-fearing man and
Muhammad is the apostle of God.
*************************************************

wekKvl _K weki MVbZi BwZnvm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution
Excavations in modern-day Iraq by Earnest de Sarzec in
1877 found evidence of the earliest known code of justice,
issued by the Sumerian king Urukagina of Lagash ca 2300
BC. Perhaps the earliest prototype for a law of government,
this document itself has not yet been discovered; however it
is known that it allowed some rights to his citizens. For
example, it is known that it relieved tax for widows and
orphans, and protected the poor from the usury of the rich.
Detail from Hammurabis stele shows him receiving the
laws of Babylon from the seated sun deity. After that, many
governments ruled by special codes of written laws. The
oldest such document still known to exist seems to be the
Code of Ur-Nammu of Ur (ca 2050 BC). Some of the betterknown ancient law codes include the code of Lipit-Ishtar of
Isin, the code of Hammurabi of Babylonia, the Hittite code,
the Assyrian code, Mosaic law, and the Cyrus cylinder by
Cyrus the Great of Persia.

121

In 621 BC, a scribe named Draco wrote the laws of the citystate of Athens; and being quite cruel, this code prescribed the
death penalty for any offence. In 594 BC, Solon, the ruler of
Athens, created the new Solonian Constitution. It eased the
burden of the workers, however it made the ruling class to be
determined by wealth, rather than by birth. Cleisthenes again
reformed the Athenian constitution and set it on a democratic
footing in 508 BC.
Aristotle (ca 350 BC) was one of the first in recorded
history to make a formal distinction between ordinary law
and constitutional law, establishing ideas of constitution and
constitutionalism, and attempting to classify different forms
of constitutional government. The most basic definition he
used to describe a constitution in general terms was the
arrangement of the offices in a state. In his works
Constitution of Athens, Politics, and icomachean Ethics he
explores different constitutions of his day, including those of
Athens, Sparta, and Carthage. He classified both what he
regarded as good and bad constitutions, and came to the
conclusion that the best constitution was a mixed system,
including monarchic, aristocratic, and democratic elements.
He also distinguished between citizens, who had the
exclusive opportunity to participate in the state, and noncitizens and slaves who did not.
The Romans first codified their constitution in 449 BC as
the Twelve Tables. They operated under a series of laws that
where added from time to time, but Roman law was never
reorganised into a single code until the Codex Theodosianus
(AD 438); later, in the Eastern Empire the Codex repetit
prlectionis (A.D. 534) was highly influential throughout
Europe. This was followed in the east by the Ecloga of Leo
III the Isaurian (740) and the Basilica of Basil I (878).
The Edicts of Ashoka established constitutional principles
for that 3rd century BCE Maurya Kings rule in Ancient
India.
122

Many of the Germanic people that filled the power vacuum

left by the Western Roman Empire in the Early Middle Ages
codified their laws. One of the first of these Germanic law codes
to be written was the Visigothic Code of Euric (471). This was
followed by the Lex Burgundionum, applying separate codes for
Germans and for Romans; the Pactus Alamannorum; and the
Salic Law of the Franks, all written soon after 500. In 506, the
Breviarum or Lex Romana of Alaric II, King of the Visigoths,
adopted and consolidated the Codex Theodosianus together with
assorted earlier Roman laws. Systems that appeared somewhat
later include the Edictum Rothari of the Lombards (643), the Lex
Visigothorum (654), the Lex Alamannorum (730) and the Lex
Frisionum (ca 785).
Japans Seventeen-article constitution written in 604,
reportedly by Prince Sh
toku, is an early example of a
constitution in Asian political history. Influenced by Buddhist
teachings, the document focuses more on social morality than
institutions of government per se and remains a notable early
attempt at a government constitution. Another is the Constitution
of Medina, drafted by the prophet of Islam, Muhammad, in 622.
It is said to be one of the earliest constitutions which guarantees
basic rights to religions and adherents as well as reinforcing a
judiciary process regarding the rules of warfare, tax and civil
disputes.

123

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1| gvwbKM Rjvi Mvocvov BDwbqbi ZNywi Mvg GZ 13 eQi eqmi
evwjKv Zvi mr-wcZvi viv awlZv nBj dZvqvi Av`vjZ vbxq
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135

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(meZ wn`y`iI jLK) ig~j cbiv fvMi GKfvM (kvwdB
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mvswZK KgKv KwiZ w`e bv hvnv Bmjvgi `wZ wZKi (wRnv`
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vbwj cybwbgv Y ev givgZ KwiZ cvwie wK Zvnvw`MK b~Zb Kvb
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136

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ic MnY Kiv ne, hv KviAvbi wb`ki cwicx (ct 198, evsjv
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mv_ mv_ gvbyli hv ^fve ZvB nqwQj, wewfb gRnvei Abymvix`i ga
cP weivaxZv i nqwQj| mevB ejZ ZviUvB wVK, Abiv wg_v Ges
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w`wQ t GBfve Bmjvg agwU Pvi gRnvei ga mxgve nBqv cwoj| Kn
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`evi Lye BQ wQj wK wZwb uwkqvi Ki w`qQb Zuvi wjwLZ AbygwZ Qvov
KD hb m-eBwUi KvbwKQy eenvi bv Ki (GwU AbK jLKB Kib hw`I
QvULvUv DwZZ Amywea bB)| QweUv nj, Kvev kixdi AvwObvq Pvi
KvYvq PviwU QvU QvU Ni| wZwb ejQb, GK gRnvei Abymvixiv Ab
gRnvei Bgvgi cQb bvgvR ch cwoZ bv| GRb gmwR`i wfZi bvgvR
covi Avjv`v RvqMv Kiv nBqvwQj| Kvev Ni ch ev` hvq bvB| cZK
gRnvei Bgvgi Rb Kvevi Pvwicvk c_K PviwU g evbvbv nBqvwQj|
Avh h, Kvevi Pvwicvk GB c_K bvgvRi RvqMv wesk kZvx ch AZ
137

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wKQyB RvbZvg bv| `xN Ziv eQi ai gvgjv wbw Kivi ci 2003 mvj
kvwiqv KvU miKvii KvQ Ave`b Ki AvweUkb vUvmi Rb| GUv
cj kvwiqv KvUi ivqi wei KvbvWvi KvU Avwcj Kiv hZ bv|
A_vr, Zuviv GKB `k mgvivj `yUv wePvi eev PqwQjb| G-Lei
duvm nj KvbvwWqvbiv DwM nq co| Avwg kvwiqv KvUi KvQ `yevi wPwV
cvVvB wKQy gvgjvi weeiY (^vgx-xi bvg-avg Mvcb iL) Ges h kvwiqv
AvBbjv Zuviv cqvM KiQb Zv cvVvZ hvZ Avgiv eySZ cvwi gymwjgbvixiv mywePvi cvQb wKbv| Zuviv Reve `bwb| ZLb gymwjg KvbvwWqvb
KsMm, KvbvwWqvb KvDwj Ae& gymwjg DBgb, Ges Bvibvkbvj gyfg
145

GMU& KvbvwWqvb kvwiqv KvU, GB wZbU QvU `j IB kvwiqv KvUi

wei cej Av`vjb bg co| gymwjg KvbvwWqvb KsMmi kvwiqvwWii wnme Avgvi myhvM nqwQj G-msMvgi c_g mvwiZ _vKvi| cej
civv cwZci wei `xN AvovB eQi ai AZ iZc~Y ikvm G
msMvgi weeiY aiv AvQ Avgvi evsjv IqemvBU Banglarislam.com-G
kvwiqv - KvbvWvi gywhy wmwiR| Avgv`i AvovB eQi AKv Av`vjbi
dj miKvi 2005 mvji m^i b~Zb AvBb Ki me agi KvUK
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hw` GUv bv nZ, hw` Avgiv ni wMq GB kvwiqv KvU wUK _vKZ Ze
giv _K B`vbwkqv ch kvwiqvcxiv cMwZkxj gymjgvb`i bvKi
WMvq GB KvbvwWqvb kvwiqv KvUi D`vniY Zzj ai ejZ t KvbvWvi gZ
`k Zv`i AvBbi Pq fvj ejB Zv Avjvni AvBb cqvM KiQ| Gi
Kvb Reve wQj bv cMwZkxj gymjgvb`i| mw`K w`q wek-gymwjg GK
fqven D`vniY _K euP MQ|
Gevi kvwiqvcx`i m~ I hywZ Avwm| Zuvi wekvj wbe _K `iKvwi
AskUzKz fvevbyev` Ki Zzj aiwQ|
********************************
Bmjvgi GKwU ivRbwZK ic AvQ Ges Zvnv KvivY-imyj viv mgw_Z I
wb`wkZ| Bnvi KviYwj nBj t1| GB `ywbqv Avjvni mw I mw|
2| gymwjg-Agymwjg wbwekl mKjB Zuvnvi `vm| Kn Kn BQvKZ `vm
(gymwjg) hvnviv Zuvnvi gvwjKvbv gvwbqv jBqvQ, Ges evwKiv we`vnx `vm
hvnviv Zuvnvi gvwjKvbv A^xKvi Ki I Zuvnvi Aeva| Aek BnvZ Zvnv`i
`vmZi nidi nq bv, Zvnviv we`vni Rb kvwhvMB _vK|
3| hnZz Avjvn mv ZvB wZwbB mePq fvjv Rvbb mwi mevcv gj
wKm| ZvB Zuvnvi AvBb gvbyli evbvbv h-Kvbv wKQy nBZ DbZ|
4| hnZz mvi vb mwi vbi Pq DbZ ZvB Avgiv Kvbw`bB Avjvn
Acv ewk Rvwbe bv| mB KviYB Zuvnvi AvBb gvwbqv PjvZB
gvbyli gj wbwnZ| Avjvn hvnv wbla KwiqvQb (ciKxqv, mgKvgxZv,
Ryqv, my`, g`cvb BZvw`) ZvnvK ea Kivi ga KjvY bvB|
5| Avjvn mKj bex-imyjK GKB Dk cvVvBqvQbhvnv wKQy gj Zvnv
ea Kiv I cvjb Kivi Av`k `Iqv, Ges hvnv g` ZvnvZ eviY Kiv|
6| bex`i cZK Avjvni AvBb AvwbqvQb cvjb KwiZ, cPvi KwiZ I
kwi mv_ cqvM KwiZ (to enforce it)|

146

7| myZivs Zuvnviv NUbvg ev `evr wKQyB Kib bvB| Zuvnviv hvnvB

KwiqvQb Zvnv cKZc Zuvnv`i KZe wVKgZ Kivi hvMZv nvwmji
Rb Avjvni cwiKbv gvwdKB KwiqvQb| Avjvni BQv Qvov wKQyB
NU bv|
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Kgi Reve w`Z nBe|
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(A_vr kvwiqv-AvBb jLK) hvnv`i KvQ AvQ Zvnv`iB GKwU Ask
(A_vr kvwiqv AvBb-weivax gymjgvbiv jLK) mB mgvavbK KvR
jvMvBevi evcvi evav w`ZQb|
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nBqvQ| wK Bmjvg agwbic bn KviY agwbicZvi A_ nBj Rxebhvcb
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Ki ZLb BnKvj-ciKvj KjvY nq|
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mvg I KjvY nBj Bmjvgi iv-eevi wfw| wevcb, Z`wei ev fvUi msLv
viv Bnvi Gw`K-Iw`K Kivi Dcvq bvB| Bmjvg ew^vaxbZvi weivax hLb Zvnv
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e-mswZ I e-agi mgvR Agymwjgi AwaKvi I Zvnvw`MK mvweKfve iv
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iv Bmjvwg AvBb cqvM nBe BnvB Bmjvgi ivRbwZK Pwi|

147

1| mg mw Avjvni| ZvB mg mwK Avjvni `qv wewaweavb AvBb

gvwbqv PwjZ nBe|
2| imyjK Avjvn AwaKvi w`qvwQjb mvgvwRK AvBb w`evi m~ Avivd
157, ZvIev 29, Avnhve 36, nvki 7, b~i 47-52 BZw`|
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A_B nj Rvnvbvg m~ gvq`v 44-50, wbmv 14, 15, 64, 80, Avnhve
36, wRb 23, Avbdvj 13, ZIev 63 BZvw`|
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b~i 54, 56, wbmv 42, 115, Avk iv 51, bR&g& 3 BZvw`|
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KwUwUDkb Bb& ` IqvjW A_vr weki c_g wjwLZ MVbZ|
Bnv my h ay Avgv`i imyj bnb eis AvMKvi bex-imyj hgb gymv
(Avt)-K Avjvn AvBb w`qvwQjb hvnv cqvM Kiv Zuvnv`i `vwqZ wQj| Bnv
Bmjvgi ivRbwZK Pwi Qvov Avi wK ? jYxq h, KvivY hLbB Avjvni
cwZ AbyMZ _vKvi K_v ewjqvQ Zvnvi ci me`vB Avgv`i imyji cwZ
AbyMZ _vKvi K_v ewjqvQ| Acic, wKQy AvqvZ ay imyji cwZ AbyMZ
_vKvi K_v ejv nBqvQ wK Avjvni cwZ AvbyMZi K_v bvB| imyji cwZ
AvbyMZK GZ iZ w`evi KviY nBj imyji cwZ AvbyMZ Qvov Avjvni
cwZ AvbyMZ Kiv me bn KviY Avjvn cZK gvbyli mv_ K_v ejb bv
(m~ Avk iv 51)| KvRB hLb Kvb imyj wKQyK ea ev Aea Kib ZLb
Avjvni imyj wnmveB Kib| myiv wbmv 80 I bR&g& 3 Abymvi imyji cwZ
AvbyMZB Avjvni cwZ AvbyMZ, imyji cwZ AvbyMZ Qvov Avjvni cwZ
AvbyMZ Am~Y| ZvB Avjvn KvivY DjL bv _vwKjI imyji K_v Ges
KgK m~Yfve cvjbi Rb ea KwiqvQb|
nRiZ gyn` (mvt)-Gi GKwU KZe wQj fvjK fvj I g`K g`
NvlYv Kiv| AvBb`vZv wnme Zuvnvi AviKwU KZe wQj AvBbMZfve
fvjK ea Ges g`K Aea Kiv (Avj& Avivd 157)| GB `yBwU KZe
Zdvr nBj c_gwU ay cPvi Ges wZxqwU nBj AvBb evbvbv I cqvM| GB
AvqvZ imyjK mB me AvBbI evbvBevi I cqvMi AwaKvi `Iqv nBqvQ
h AvBb KvivY bvB| ZvB Bnv wKQyZB ejv hvBZ cvi bv h AvBb
148

aygv KvivYB w`e| AvqvZwUZ imyji Dci gvbyli wekvmKI cvavb

`Iqv nBqvQ| A_vr Kvb wKQyK AvBbMZfve ea ev Aea Kiv mn
Zuvnvi cwZwU KvRi cwZ wekvm _vwKZ nBe| GB AvqvZ b~iK AbymiY
KwiZ ejv nBqvQ A_vr KvivYi gvag Ges KvivYi evwniI Zuvnvi
Av`k gvwbZ ejv nBqvQ| BnvI ejv nBqvQ Zvnv`i wei hy Ki
Zvnj wKZvei H jvK`i mv_ hvnviv Avjvn I ciKvj wekvm Ki bv,
Avjvn I Zuvnvi imyj hvnv nvivg KwiqvQb Zvnv nvivg Ki bv| BnvZ eySv
hvq Kvb wKQyK nvivg Kwievi AwaKvi Avjvni mwnZ Avjvni c`
AwaKvii ej imyjiI AvQ| A_vr Avjvn I imyj GK ev Avjv`vfve
wmv wbZ cvib I Kn Zvnv Agvb Kivi AwaKvi ivL bv|
Avmv` Mvi GK bvix Ave`yjvn Beb gvmy`-Gi wbKUv Avwmqv ewjj
Avwg wbjvg Avcwb GB GB wRwbmK Aea ejb| Avwg Avjvni KZve
cwoqvwQ wK ZvnvZ Dnv cvB bvB| Ave`yjvn Beb gvmy` ewjjb Zzwg
hw` KZvewU (wVKgZ) cwoZ Ze Zvnv cvBZ| Avjvn ewjqvQb t imyj
hvnv wKQy `b Zvnv MnY Ki Ges hvnv wbla Kib Zvnv nBZ weiZ _vK
(Avj& nvki 7)| imyj ZB wePviKi ewkB wQjb| Kbbv ivq w`evi
AwaKvi wePviKi AekB AvQ Ges Zvnv mKj gvwbZ eva wK Zuvnvi
ivqi cwZ gvbwmK AbyMZ bv _vwKj bvnI nq bv Ges gymjgvbI _vKv
hvq| wK imyji Zvnv bn| imyjK wePviK bv gvwbj wKsev Zuvnvi
wePviK Lywk gb bv gvwbj gymjgvbB _vKv hvBe bv (wbmv 65, b~i 47-52)|
Bnv AZ iZc~Y h `ywbqvi mr gymjgvb I mr Agymjgvbiv
wbicfve cixv Kwiqv `LyK gvbeRvwZK Bmjvgi wK w`evi AvQ|
Zvnv nBj `Lv hvBe h-mKj wel eZgvb wekK welv KwiZQ Zvnvi
mgvavb GKgv BmjvgB AvQ| ewMZ I mgwMZfve Avgiv h-mKj
mgmvi myLxb nBZwQ Zvnvi g~j KviY nBj Avjvni I mgvRi cwZ
`vwqZ cvjb Acv gvbyli ewMZ jvf I jvjmv eo nBqv wMqvQ| gvbyl
ZLbB Bnv Ki hLb m gb Ki KvnviI KvQ ZvnvK Revew`wn KwiZ
nBe bv| Bmjvg GB aviYvK bmvr Kwiqv `q| bex-imyjw`MK cvVvBevi
Dk wQj bv ay wKfve Bev`Z KwiZ nq Zvnv `Lvbv wKsev enk&Z`vRLi Lei `Iqv| m-Dk wQj cPvi I ewMZ D`vniY w`qv
`LvBqv `Iqv wKfve Rxebhvcb Kwij BnKvj ciKvj gj nBe|
Bmjvg ay Bev`Zi wKQy AvbyvwbKZv wKsev fvj eenvii wKQy Gjvcv_vwo
wb`k bn| whwb Avgv`i Rxeb w`qvQb I wek-wbwLj mw KwiqvQb Zuvnvi
BQv gvZveK Rxeb cwiPvjbv Kivi Bnv GKwU m~Y I c~Yv weavb|
gvwb ev bv gvwb Avgiv Avjvni KvQ Reve w`Z eva| hw` Avgiv
ciii Dci `vwqZkxj nBqv Rxebhvcb Kwi Ze mKji gj nBe| bv
149

nBj eZgvb Aev PwjZ _vwKe hLvb ew^vaxbZvi bvg GKwU `k

Ab `kK wbcxob Ki I Zvnvi cvKwZK m` niY Ki| mevB Rvb
cwZZvew, mgKvgxZv, Ryqv I g`cvb wZKi wK ZeyI GwjK ea Kiv
nBZQ| ^vaxbZvi bvg bvixK hbeZ cwiYZ Kiv nBZQ| my`wfwK A_bxwZ Mwiwe evovBqv abxK Aviv abx KwiZQ| `ywbqvZ Mv,
eY, RvZxqZv I bvix-cyili wfwZ elg iwnqv wMqvQ| Rxebi DbwZi
wbj evnvbvq GKwU `k Rei`w Kwiqv cwiek I cvKwZK m` b
KwiZQ| GB Aevq Pzc Kwivq _vKvI Aciva| hvnv w`qv GBwjK wVK
Kwiqv bvqwePvi, mvg, elgnxbZv, Avjvni cwZ Revew`wnZv I Zuvnvi
KvQ wdwiqv hvIqvi aviYv cwZv Kiv hvq ZvnvK BQv Kwiqv jyKvBqv ivLv
nBj mePvBZ eo Aciva|
AvjvnB mePvBZ fvj Rvbb|
********************************
kvwiqvcx`i m~ I hyw kl nj| G-K_v gvbZB ne h hv ejv nqQ
Ges hfve Zv ejv nqQ Zv AZ AvKlYxq| f gymjgvbi gb Gi
Ave`b AZ kwkvjx| ejv evj Kvb gymjgvb Gi KvbUvZB wgZ
Kie bv| KviY m~jv AvmjB mwZ| wK mwZ njI Am~Y| KviY
G-welqi mv_ eveZv I H KvivY-imyjiB Abvb mswk m~jv aiv
nqwb| mjv GKmv_ Kij cyiv wPUvB e`j hve| Am~Y mZ cyiv
agUvKB Dwq w`q wK mvNvwZK wechq mw KiZ cvi GUv Zvi Rj
D`vniY| m-KviYB GB gZvgZ I weklYi mv_ AZxZ-fwelZi e
gymjgvbivB GKgZ bb| Bmjvgi m~Y Pwi RvbZ nj Gjvi mv_
KvivY-imyji Abvb mswk m~jv GKmv_ Ki `LZ ne| Icii
cwZwU welq G-eBqi wewfb cwiQ` mB me Abvb mswk m~jv we
vwiZ `qv AvQ hvZ cvVK Bmjvgi mwVK I m~Y wP cvb|
G wbe wZwb DjL Kibwb, KvivY jNbi KviY kvwiqv AvBb wewfb
gymwjg `k hfve bvix-wbhvZb nQ Zvi mgvjvPbv KiQb e
gymwjgivB| gykwKj nj G-mgvjvPbv `LjB kvwiqv-mg_Kiv DwRZ
nq cob| KvRB G-_K wKfve Bmjvwg cwZZB ewiq Avmv hvq m
AvjvPbv Ame nq co| GKw`K Zuviv ^xKvi Kib h Abvb wKQy agi
gZ Bmjvgi bvgI wKQy bvix-wbhvZb nqQ, Abw`K m wbhvZb `Lvbvi
mv_ mv_ Zuviv BDivc-AvgwiKvq wKfve Ges KZ bvix wbhvZb nq Zvi
ZvwjKv bvKi WMvq Zzj aib| Zuviv cwZv Kivi cvYv Pv Kib h
I`i Pq Avgiv fvj AvwQ ! fveLvbv GB h, cixvq Avgiv GKkvZ
`k cj wK ne Iiv Zv cqQ mvZ, KvRB Avgiv I`i Pq fvj AvwQ|
kvwiqvcx Leii KvMRjvZ GUv Ly-e-B `Lv hvq| GUv Avmj wbRKB
150

VKvbv KviY `yRbB Wvev gviv dj&| GB duvKv AvZZwZ wbw _vKj
GKUv geo wZ nq| Zv nj, cwgv `k hv nQ Zv Iiv `LyK, Avgv`i
gv-evbiv wKfve wbhvwZZ nQb Ges wKfve Avgiv Zv e KiZ cvwi
mw`K _K Avgv`i gbhvM mi hvq|
GUv LyeB mwZ h cwgv `kI bvix wbhvZb nq Ges AbKB nq| wK
cwgv `k bvix-wbhvZbi h ZvwjKv Zuviv `Lvb Zv wK H cwgv
`kiB miKvi ev Kvb msMVbi cwikgi dmj| ILvb Iiv wbqZ MelYv
Ki PjQ `k I we`k bvix-wbhvZb Kv_vq evoQ, wK KviY evoQ,
Ges Kv_vq KgQ, wK KviY KgQ| G-me Z_ _K Iiv ei Kivi Pv
Ki wKfve wK Kij bvix-wbhvZb e nZ cvi, Ges miKviI G-me
MelYvi wfwZ AvBb Zwi Ki| Avgv`i `kI Ggb MelYv wKQy nQ
hw`I Aviv nIqv `iKvi| wKQy ewZg ev` Avgv`i miKvijv mvaviYZ
G-me MelYvK cvv `q bv| Avie `kjvZ Zv bvix-wbhvZbi Ici
KvhKi Kvb MelYvB bB| cwgv `k ivxq AvBb ev agxq bZZ bvixwbhvZbK Aciva wnmeB `L, IUvK ea Kivi Pv Ki bv| wK
gymwjg `kjvZ wKQy wekl bvix-wbhvZbK Aciva wnme `Lv Zv nqB bv,
eis Avjvi AvBbi bvg ea Kiv nq| ZvQvov, gyL AvjvnB mePvBZ fvj
Rvbb (hvi GKgvB A_ nj Avwg hv Rvwb Zv Am~Y wKsev fyj nZ cvi)
ejvi ci iv AvBb evwbq RvwZi Ici wbRi gZvgZ Pvwcq `qvUv Bmjvgi
wb`viY eiLjvc wKbv mUv eyS bqvi fviI Avwg cvVKi IciB Qo w`wQ|
kvwiqvcxiv GUvI ejb bv h cwgv `k AvBb cYqb bvixRvwZi
Ae`vb Amvgvb wK nvw`m bvixRvwZi wKQy Ae`vb _vKjI kvwiqv AvBb
KvbB Ae`vb bB| Pvk eQii ga GKRbI bvix kvwiqv-Bgvgi bvg
cvIqv hvqwb| wZxqZ, gymwjg bvixi Rxeb kvwiqv AvBbi cfve wbq MZ
Pvk eQi Kvb DjLhvM MelYvB bB| ZZxqZ, Ges mePq
iZc~Y nj, kvwiqvcxiv KLbvB cwgv `ki bvix-wbhvZbi eveZvi
mv_ kvwiqv-iv bvix-wbhvZbi eveZvi Zzjbv Kib bv| Zuviv I`i ev
eZvi mv_ wbR`i Zi Zzjbv Kib| GUv Abvq, Ges Lye m~ Abvq|
I`i Zi mv_ kvwiqv-Zi Zzjbv Kiv `iKvi, I`i bvix-wbhvZbi ev
eZvi mv_ kvwiqv-iv bvix-wbhvZbi eveZvi Zzjbv Kiv `iKvi| ZvnjB
`Lv hve I`i `k bvix-wbhvZb Aciva wnme ^xKZ ej Ges Gi
Ici MelYv nQ ej cwZKvi KivUv AcvKZ mnR| wK kvwiqv-iv
bvix-wbhvZb Bmjvgi bvg ea ej Ges MelYv Zgb nQ bv ej Gi
cwZKvi AZ KwVb| agi bvg AZvPvi nj KqKUv NUbv NU| c_gZ,
mvaviY LU-LvIqv gvbyli gb mUv AZvPvi wnme ZZUv Dcjw nq bv|
wZxqZ, KD KD mUv eySjI cwZev` KiZ fq cvq KviY mB cwZev`
Avevi Lv` agi weiB Pj hvq wKbv m mskq I fq _vK| ZvQvov,
151

AZvPvixiv agi aRv ai _vK ej agi ANvwlZ gvwjK eb hvq,

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c_ Aej^b KiK| gIjvbv gI`yw` Kvb ge bv Ki wbtk cii
AvqvZ Pj MQb|
gy`vm&wmi 54 GUv Zv Dc`k gv|
gv gIjvbv gI`yw` Kvb ge bv
Ki wbtk cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|
Avk iv 52 Avcwb RvbZb bv KvivY wK I Bgvb wK| wK Avwg
GK KiwQ b~i| gIjvbv gI`yw` Kvb ge bv Ki wbtk cii AvqvZ
Pj MQb|
myiv BgivY 184 KvivY nj gybxi A_vr AvjvwKZ wKZve|
gIjvbv gI`yw` Kvb ge bv Ki wbtk cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|
myiv Avbvg 90 GwU weki Rb Dc`k gv| gIjvbv gI`yw` Kvb
160

ge bv Ki wbtk cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|

myiv Avj& dziKvb 1 cig KiYvgq wZwb whwb Zuvi ev`vi cwZ
dqmvjvi M AeZxY KiQb| gI`yw` ejQb Avjvn KvivY bvwRj
KiQb hvZ cqM^i gvbeRvwZK Dc`k w`Z cvib (so that he
may admonish all mankind)| A_vr KvivY nj Dc`kiB KZve|
myiv wnRi 9 Avwg GB Dc`kM bvwRj KiwQ| gI`yw` GLvb
ejQb KvivY nj Avjvni evYx (Word)|
myiv nR 8 KvivY nj AvjvwKZ wKZve|
wKZve| gI`yw` GLvb ejQb AvjvwKZ
KZve nj enkwZ Drm _K cvIqv Z_| wKmi Z_ Zv wZwb ejbwb|
Avj& hygvi 23 Avjvn Dg evYx Z_v wKZve bvwRj KiQb hv
mvgmc~Y| gI`yw` wbRI BsiwR ZiRgv KiQb This is Allahs
guidance A_vr bwZK c_wb`k|
myiv Avevmv 11 GUv Dc`kevYx|
Dc`kevYx gI`yw` ejQb The allusion
is to the Quran, A_vr Bnv KvivY m^B ejv nBqvQ| A_vr wZwb
^xKvi KiQb KvivY njv Dc`kevYx|
A_vr gI`yw`i gZ bZvI GB AwZ iZc~Y AvqvZjvK nq wbtk cvk
KvwUq Pj MQb, A_ev mg_b KiZ eva nqQb, bqZ Ggb evLv
KiQb hv welqi mv_ gj bv wK weivaxZv Kv_vI KiZ cvibwb|
GB nj mnR mij KvivY | Gi wecixZ mviv KvivY G-iKg my
KvbB AvqvZ bB KvivY mvgvwRK AvBb ev iv evbvbvi KZve ! Dc`k
ev mymsev` Rvi Ki Pvcvbvi wRwbm bq| mvgvwRK mvswZK A_bwZK
mvgwiK BZvw` welq iv Zvi AvBb Rvi Ki bvMwiK`i Ici Pvcvq ej
mUv Avi jv BKivnv wdxb (ag Rvi Rei`w bB) _vK bv| KvivY hw`
ivxq AvBbi eB nZ Ze GZ nvRvi nvRvi AvBb _vKZ hv Rxeb `iKvi|
A_P KvivY mvgvwRK AvBb AvQ gv cuvP-mvZUv| G cuvP-mvZUv NUbv ev
e NUwQj ejB AvBbjv GmwQj| h Aciva ZLb NUwb A_P ci
NUQ m m^ KvivY bxie| GgbwK KvivYi kl AvqvZjv hLvb
KvivY ejQ BmjvgB nj Avjvn&i gbvbxZ ag, m AvqvZjvZI Kvb
ivxq AvBbi K_v bB, AvQ ay Dc`k Avi g~jevai wb`k|
GLb `Lv hvK Bmjvg wK Avi gymwjg K|

161

Bmjvg wK, gymjgvb K

h Kvb wKQy wbq AvjvPbv KiZ Mj c_gB mUv KvK ej Zv wVK
KiZ nq| ZvZ AvjvPbvi mywea nq| Bmjvg wK Avi gymjgvb K Zv wVK
KiZ cvwKvb 1953 mvj gywbi Kwgkb gIjvbv gI`yw` mn `ki mevP
7 Rb gIjvbvi mv_ AvjvPbv KiwQjb `xN `yeQi ai| kl chvq Gm
Kwgkb wicvU w`qwQj, (mvivsk) gymjgvb KvK ej m-evcvi cZK
gIjvbvi gZvgZ GZB Avjv`v h Gu`i KD Kvb Bmjvwg ivi ivcavb
nj evwK mevBK gyiZv` wnme Kjv KU djeb (gywbi Kwgkbi wicvU
cv 216, wjMvj mvBR)| A_vr K gymjgvb mUvB wVK Kiv Mj bv wK
K gymjgvb bq mB vi Pvk eQi ai imvZ KucQ gymwjg-wek,
KuvcQ evsjv`k|
wK gIjvbviv hv RvbZb bv ev wbRiv RvbjI RvwZK RvbvZ Pvbwb Zv
weLvZ wRevBji nvw`m ej MQb cqM^i (mvt) wbR - (Dgvi Bebyj Lvve
(ivt) KZK ewYZ) GKw`b nRiZ wRevBj gvbyli ek bexRxi KvQ
Avwmjb Ges ewjjb, n bex| Bmjvg KvnvK ej ? wZwb ewjjb, Bmjvg
nBj, Zzwg Avjvn&i Bev`Z Kwie Ges KvnvKI kwiK Kwie bv, bvgvR cwZv
Kwie, RvKvZK diR wnmve cvjb Kwie (mwn eyLvwi I gymwjg, 2q L cv
733, bvU 1, Ges wgkKvZzj gvmvwen& 1g L cv 23-25, bs 2(1)-Gi m~
wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 2q L cv 498)| Gevi `Lv hvK Ave`yj Kwig Lvb
mvw`Z nvdR Ave`yj Rwjji evsjv Abyev`, cv 39 nvw`m b^i 12| j^v
nvw`m, gvSLvb _K Zzj w`wQ t Ave`yjv Kvqm bvgK Mvi GKwU cwZwbwa
`j ... AviR Kwij Bqv imyjj
y v n& ! ... Avcwb Avgvw`MK KqKwU
Dc`k I Av`k wbla ewjqv w`b hvnv AbymiY Kwiqv Avgiv mKj enk&Z
jvfi Dchy nBZ cvwi| ... imyjj
y v n& (`t) c_gZt Zvnvw`MK PvwiwU KZei
Av`k Kwijb| (1) ... KvqgbvevK GB AxKvi I ^xKvivw Kiv h
GKgv Avjvn&B gvey`, Avjvn& eZxZ Ab Kvb gvey` bvB Ges gvnv` (`t)
Avjvn&i imyj| (2) bvgvR Dgic Av`vq Kiv, (3) RvKvZ `vb Kiv, (4)
igRvb gvm ivRv ivLv Ges MwYgZi gvji GK cgvsk `Iqv| imyjj
y v n&
(`t) Zvnvw`MK PvwiwU e (cv) eenvi KwiZ wbla Kwijb| imyjj
y v n& (`t)
Zvnvw`MK BnvI ewjjb, GB me Av`k wblaK Zvgiv fvjic `qg
Kwiqv jBe Ges `k wMqv mKjK Bnv RvbvBqv w`e|
GB nj Bmjvg, - enk&Z jvfi Dchy, Gi ga bv AvQ dZvqv, bv
AvQ kvwiqv-AvBb ev iv| GiB mg_b Avgiv `LZ cvB KvivY, bexRxi
162

RxebxZ, Avgv`i Bgvg`i ga Avi Bmjvg cPviK`i ga| bexRx Kb

ejwQjb hviv AbycwZ Zv`i mKjK Bnv RvbvBqv w`e ? KviY, IUvB
nj Bmjvg| G-wb`k wPiKvji gymwjgi RbI, Avgv`i RbI| mgvR
Pvjvbvi Rb ZuvK h-me wmv wbZ nqwQj mjvK wK wZwb KLbvB
ejbwb mKjK Bnv RvbvBqv w`e| GfveB wZwb G-mZK cwZv Ki
MQb h, Kvb GKmgqi Kvb GKmgvRi kvmb-eev Bmjvwg
agwekvmi A bq| Gi mv_ PgrKvi wgj iL Avjvn& cwiPq Kwiq
w`Qb Zuvi imyj`iK mymsev` `vZv I fxwZc`kK eZxZ (Ab Kvb
KvR) Avwg cqM^i ciY Kwi bv (Avj Avbvg, AvqvZ 48)| Gi mv_
Avgv`i G-`vweI wgj hvq, nRiZ Av`g _K bexRx ch Bmjvg
AvMvMvov avivevwnK AwewQb GKB ag KviY KvivY me bex`i e GKB
`vwqZ w`qQ my fvlvq| mUv nj mymsev` `vZv I fxwZc`kK|
GgbwK nRi gZv diR Bev`Zi I Avjvn my fvlvq nRiZ
BevnxgK ejQb Zvgvi `vwqZ ay NvlYv Kiv, Avgvi `vwqZ `ywbqvgq
cuQvbv evsjv KvivY, gywnDwb Lvb, cv 899|
Avgv`i bexRxi GB GKB `vwqZ `L wbb mw` Avie _K cKvwkZ
gIjvbv gywnDxbi KvivYi evsjv Abyev` _K| mB mv_ Avgiv GI
`Le gIjvbv gI`yw` Zuvi wekvj KZve Zvdwngyj KzivY cwZwU AvqvZ ai
ai KvivYi evLv w`jI GB AwZ iZc~Y AvqvZjvi evcvi wK
ejQb|
1| Avj Avbvg 48| mymsev` `vZv I fxwZc`kK eZxZ (Ab Kvb
KvR) Avwg cqM^i ciY Kwi bv| Kvb ge bv Ki gIjvbv
gI`yw` wbtk cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|
2| Avj Mvwmqvn 21 I 22| AZGe, Avcwb Dc`k w`b, Avcwb Zv
Kej GKRb Dc`k `vZv, Avcwb Zvnv`i kvmK bnb| Kvb g
e bv Ki wbtk gI`yw` cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|
3| BDbym 108| ewjqv `vI, n gvbeKzj, mZ Zvgv`i wbKU cuQvBqv
wMqvQ Zvgv`i ciIqviw`Mvii Zid nBZ| GLb h Kn c_
Avm m c_ cv nq ^xq gji Rb| Avi h wev Aevq NywiZ
_vK m ^xq Agji Rb wev Aevq NywiZ _vwKe| Abi
Avwg Zvgv`i Dci AwaKvix bwn| Kvb ge bv Ki gI`yw`
wbtk cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|
4| Avj&-gvq`vn& 92 Ges 99| wK hw` Zvgiv wegyL nI, Ze Rvwbqv
ivL, Avgvi imyji `vwqZ cKvk cPvi Qvov wKQy bn ... imyji
`vwqZ ay cuQvBqv `Iqv| Kvb ge bv Ki gI`yw` wbtk
cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|
163

5| bvnj 35| imyji `vwqZ Zv aygv my evYx cuwQq `qv|

Kvb ge bv Ki gI`yw` wbtk cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|
6| Avk iv 48| hw` Zviv gyL wdwiq bq Ze AvcbvK Avwg Zv`i
iK Ki cvVvBwb| Avcbvi KZe Kej cPvi Kiv| Kvb ge bv
Ki gI`yw` wbtk cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|
7| wnRi& 89| ejyb, Avwg cKvk fq c`kK| Kvb ge bv Ki
gI`yw` wbtk cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|
8| Avivd 184| wZwb Zv fxwZ c`kbKvix cK fve| Kvb ge bv
Ki gI`yw` wbtk cii AvqvZ Pj MQb|
9| Kvn&d 56| Avwg imyjw`MK mymsev``vZv I fq c`kbKvix icB
ciY Kwi| gI`yw` ejQb wePvii AvM AvZmgcYi KjvY
I AevaZvi AKjvY m^ jvKw`MK AvM nBZ uwkqvi Kivi
Rb (forewarn) Avwg Avgvi imyjw`MK ciY Kwi|
10| Avj Avnhve 45| n bex! Avwg AvcbvK mvx, mymsev`-`vZv Ges
mZKKvixic ciY KwiqvwQ| j^v gvwidwZ evLv w`qQb gI`yw`,
Kvb AvBb-Kvbyb ev ivi K_v bB|
11| Avj Avbvg 107| Avwg AvcbvK Zvnv`i msiK Kwi bvB Ges
Avcwb Zvnv`i Kvh wbevnx bnb| gI`yw` ejb bex (`t)-Gi
KvR wQj aygv mZ cPvi Kiv Ges gvbylK Bnv MnY Avnvb Kiv|
BnvZB Zuvnvi `vwqZ kl nBqv hvq KviY wZwb Avi hvnv nK
gvbyli kvmK (Warden) bnb|
12| Kvn&d 29| ejyb, mZ Zvgv`i cvjbKZv nBZ AvMZ| AZGe, hvnvi
BQv wekvm vcb KiK Ges hvnvi BQv Agvb KiK| gI`yw` j^v evLv
w`qQb Kvb AvBb-Kvbyb ev ivi K_v ejbwb|
13| Avj-Avn&Kv d 9| ejyb,...Avwg mZKKvix eZxZ Avi wKQyB bwn|
gI`yw` ejQb bexRxi GKgv `vwqZ
`vwqZ nBj gvbyli mvgb mZc_
Zzwjqv aiv I hvnviv Zvnv cZvLvb Ki Zvnvw`MK mveavb Kiv|
14| wbmv 80| Avi h jvK wegyL nBj, Avwg AvcbvK (n gyn`!)
Zvnv`i Rb iYveYKvix wbhy Kwi bvB| gI`yw` ejQb
bexRxi GKgv `vwqZ
`vwqZ nBj Avjvn&i Av`k-wb`kK gvbyli KvQ
cuQvBqv `Iqv, gvbylK mZc_ eva Kiv Zuvnvi `vwqZ bn|
15| myiv ZIev 51| wZwb (Avjvn&) Avgv`i KvhwbevnK| j^v evLv
w`qQb gI`yw` wK Kvb AvBb-Kvbyb ev ivi K_v bB|
16| evKviv 119| wbq Avwg AvcbvK mZ agmn mymsev``vZv I
fxwZc`kbKvix ic cvwVqwQ| gI`yw` GLvb vbxq Agymwjg`i
`vexi K_v Ub GbQb, m~Y Ab welq|
17| evKviv 272| Zv`iK mrc_ Avbvi `vq Zvgvi bq| K_vUv Zv
164

ejv nqQ ^qs bexRxKB, mvaviY gymjgvb`iK bq| wK gI`yw`

ejb GB AvqvZi A_ nBj gymjgvbiv Abw`MK mZ c_i
wb`k Rvi Kwiqv MnY KwiZ eva Kwie bv| Rvi Kivi K_vUv
KvK Gj ?
18| wbmv 165| mymsev``vZv I fxwZc`kbKvix imyjMYK cvwVqwQ|
gI`yw` GKB K_v ejb|
19| Avbvg 52| Zv`i wnmve we`ygv Avcbvi `vwqZ bq| gI`yw` GKB
K_v ejb|
20| Avbvg 66| Avcwb ej w`b, Avwg Zvgv`i Dci wbqvwRZ bB|
gI`yw` ejb bexi KZe nBj aygv mZ nBZ wg_vK fve
c_K Kwiqv NvlYv `Iqv|
21| iv` 40| Avcbvi `vwqZ Zv cuQ `qv, Avgvi `vwqZ wnmve bqv|
gI`yw` GLvb vbxq Agymwjg`i `vexi K_v Ub GbQb, hUv m~Y
Ab welq|
22| Qvqv` 65| bexRx ejQb Avwg GKRb mZKKvix gv| gI`yw`
GKB
GKB K_v ej GK mg_b KiQb|
23| Qvqv` 70| bexRx ejQb Avwg GKRb mZKKvix| gI`yw`
GKB K_v ej GK mg_b KiQb|
24| dvwZi 23 I 24| Avcwb Zv Kej GKRb mZKKvix| Avwg
AvcbvK cvwVqwQ msev``vZv I mZKKvixic| gI`yw` ejQb
Avcbvi GKgv KZe nBj jvKmKjK mZK Kiv| Bnvi ci KD
bv eywSqv wec_Mvgx nBj mRb `vqx bnb KviY AK `LvBevi
ewaiK bvBevi `vwqZ AvcbvK `Iqv nq bvB|
25| bvnj 82| AZtci Zvnviv hw` cc`kb Ki, Ze Avcbvi KvR nBj
myfve cuQvBqv `Iqv| gI`yw` wKQyB bv ej cii AvqvZ 83Gi evLvq Pj MQb|
26| myiv AvnKvd AvqvZ 9| Avwg mZKKvix Qvov Avi wKQy bwn| Gi
evLvq, gI`yw`i fvlvq, bexRx ejQb, Avgvi GKgv KZeKg
nBj gvbyli KvQ mZc_ cuQvbv I Zvnv MnY bv Kwij asmi
uwkqvwi `Iqv|
27| dziKvb 56| Avwg AvcbvK mymsev` I mZKKvixicB ciY
KiwQ| gI`yw` ejQb t evYx cuQvBevi ci Zuvnvi KZe I `vwqZ
kl nBqv hvq, Bnvi ci mewKQy Zvgv`i I Zuvnvi (Avjvni
jLK) gaKvi welq|
28| evKviv 253-Gi evLvZ wZwb ejQb t gvbylK Rvi Kwiqv wekvmx
vmx
I AbyMZ Kwievi Rb Avjvn bexbex-imyjK cywjk Kwiqv cvVvb bvB|
165

eis wZwb Zuvnvw`MK cvVvBqvQb gvbylK hywmZ K_v I my

cgvY w`qv mwVK c_ AvwbZ|
A_vr gI`yw`i gZ bZvI GB AwZ iZc~Y AvqvZjvK nq wbtk cvk
KvwUq Pj MQb, A_ev mg_b KiZ eva nqQb, bqZ Ggb evLv
KiQb hv welqi mv_ gj bv wK weivaxZv Kv_vI KiZ cvibwb|
nRiZ b~n, nRiZ `, nRiZ mvjn I nRiZ kvqe-Gi cwZ GB GKB
`vwqZ `L wbb myiv Avj Avivd, AvqvZ 61, 62, 67, 68, 79 I 93 _K|
Guiv KD Kvb iv cwZv Kibwb| nRiZ myjvqgvb (Avt) eskMZfve bex
wQjb, nRiZ BDmyd (Avt)-K wgkii ivRv wmsnvmb w`qwQjb, Ges
nRiZ `vD`K ewb BmivBj`i ivRv ZvjyZ Kbv I ivR w`qwQjb
(Kvmvmyj Avw^qv 2q L)| e bex evcKfve mgvRi wePvi-AvPviI
Kibwb, hgb nRiZ BqvKze (Avt), nRiZ RvKvwiqv (Avt), nRiZ BDbym
(Avt), nRiZ Bqvwnqv (Avt), nRiZ j~Z (Avt), nRiZ kvqe (Avt),
nRiZ b~n (Avt), nRiZ Cmv (Avt), BZvw`| wK ZvB ej Zuviv wK bex
wQjb bv ? AekB wQjb|
GB nj mnR mij Bmjvg| A_P ZviciI gI`yw` ejQb t Bmjvgi
bxwZ I wkvwfwK iv MVb bv Kiv ch Avgv`i kvnv`v (Kjgv cov) c~Y
nBe bv DBUbm Uz gvbKvB cv 32| A_vr Zuvi gZ bv wgjj m
gymjgvbB bq| Gi mv_ Zuvi bvix-weivax kvwiqv AvBbi cwZ mg_b,
`vmc_v-mg_b (myiv gyn` AvqvZ 4-Gi evLv), fviZ wn`y-ivi cwZ
mg_b (gywbi Kwgkb wicvU) I ew`bx-alYi cwZ mg_b hvM Kij Avgiv
kvwiqv-ivi fqi wP cvB| GZ e gIjvbv AZ DwM nq Zuvi
weivaxZv KiQb I ZuvK Kvdi I `vjI ejQb| Avcbviv fviZweLvZ gIjvbv mq` Aveyj nvmvb Avjx bv`fx (j knii) wjwLZ
cvwZc~Y eB AvQi-B nvwRi g xb wK Zvnwdg-I-Zvkwin (eZgvbi
cwicwZ agi Dcjw I evLv) eBUv `LZ cvib| gI`yw`i cwZ
Zuv`i AvjvPbvi cv e gI`yw` KLbv ivwR nbwb|
GLvb GKUv AZ `iKvwi K_v Gm hvq| Bmjvwg wekl Avgiv
KvK eje ? e KZve cojB wK Zv nIqv hvq ? AbKi iYkw Lye
fvjv, Zuviv e KZvei e wKQy gb ivLZI cvib, MoMo Ki ejZI
cvib| AbK AbK Bmjvwg wWMxI nvwmj KiZ cvib| wK Ijv
njB wK Bmjvwg wekl nIqv hvq ? gvUB bq| hgb, hviv AvYweK kw
w`q fqven asmKvix evgv Avwevi KiQ Zviv wK evwbK ? gvUB bq|
eis evwbK ZuvivB huviv AvYweK kw w`q BjwwmwU, ebv-wbivaK euva,
166

cwiek-ivKvix gwkb BZvw` Avwevi Ki gvbyli KjvY Kib| hviv

A_bxwZi wek-cuywRev` Avwevi Ki gvbylK kvlY Ki K evovq Zviv wK
A_bxwZwe` ? gvUB bq| A_bxwZwe` ZuvivB huviv e covbv Ki cwikg
Ki gvbe-KjvYi DchvMx A_bwZK cwZ Avwevi Kib| agi I
G-K_v mwZ| Bmjvwg wekl aygv ZuvivB huviv cPzi covbv Ki gav
w`q Bmjvg _K gvbyli gj Zzj Avbb| hvi agevLvq gvbyli gj bv
nq K eo hvq m agxq wekl Zv `~ii K_v eis agi k, Zv m
hZB weLvZ nvK, hZB coK-wjLyK ev hZ wWwMB _vKzK|
A_vr Avgiv `Ljvg kvwiqv-Bmjvgi cavb cev`i kxlvbxq bZv
gIjvbv gI`yw` ch evievi ^xKvi KiQb bex`i `vwqZ nj aygv cPvi
Kiv| Zvi ciI wZwb wK Ki kvwiqv-BmjvgK Bmjvgi A `vwe Kib
Zvi KviYUv ci `qv nj|
cqM^i K_vUvB Zv GmQ cqMvg A_vr msev` k _K| bexRx wK KLbv
ejwQjb Avwg Bmjvwg iv cwZv KiZ PvB ev Avwg Bmjvwg iv cwZvi Rb
Bmjvg cPvi KiZ PvB ? Lqvj Kib, Lqvj Kib, AvQ Kvb `wjj ? bB|
we`vq nR Zuvi kl eZvqI bB, gZzkhvq kl enwZevi `qv (wZwb
mvgevi `nZvM Kib) Zuvi wZbU mekl wb`kI bB|
Avgv`i eySZ ne Bmjvwg iv cwZv Kiv bex`i bexZi Kvb kZB bq|
Bmjvwg mgvR cwZwZ nvK ev bv nvK, Avgv`i bexRx KLbvB AaK ev GK
PZz_vsk bex wQjb bv| cwic~Y bex wZwb niv ceZ c_g Iwn bvwRji gyn~Z
GKv, Zvici gymwjg mgvR-eev QvovB gvq AZvPvwiZ nevi Ziv eQi,
Zvqd Z-weZ iv mgq GKv, g`xbvq gymwjg mgvR Kvqg Ki mgvR
Pvjvbvi mgq, 1924 mvj gymwjg LjvdZ f hvevi ci GLbI| Ges wZwb
cwic~Y bex wPiKvj, IUvB Zuvi k cwiPq| GgbwK Av`gi `n AvZv mvii
c~eB Avwg bex wQjvg (cv 184 evsjv KvivY gIjvbv gywnDwb)| Zvnj
mvgvwRK kvmb wKsev wePvi-AvPvi Kb Zuvi bexZi wKsev Bmjvgi kZ ne ?
bexRx G-I ejQb, Kvb mgmv mgvavb Zvgiv `yBRb HKgZ
cuwQj Avwg DnvZ gZvbK Kwie bv (wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 3q L cv
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KvDK Bmjvgi k gb nj ZvK Lyb Kiv I Lyb Kivi Rb wg_v K_v
ejv evLvwi 5g L nvw`m 369|
wn`y`i me gw`i asm Ki Rvwjq `qv evsjv evLvwi Ave`yj
Rwjj, nvw`m 270|
PvKwi-eemv-ZLvgvi me ev` w`q Zjvqvi w`q RxweKv wbevn Kiv
evLvwi 4_ L, Aavq 88, ct 104|
Ryvi bvgvR bv Mj Zvi Nievwo Rvwjq w`Z PvB evLvwi 1g L
nvw`m 617|
bexRxi mv_ DuPz Mjvq K_v eje bv RivZ 2|
174

Zvnj Avgiv `LwQ, KvivY-nvw`mi e mywbw` weavb Avgiv BQ KijI

gvbZ cviwQ bv| bexRxi mv_ mvgbvmvgwb K_v ejv me bq| xZ`vmc_vK KD Avi wdwiq Avbe bv| KvivY myiv ZIev ev myiv gyn`-G
Agymwjg-nZvi K_v jLv _vKvi ciI gIjvbviv wVKB ejb,
gymjgvbiv wPiKvj AgymjgvbK ai gvie-KvUe G-K_v ejv cvMjvwg
Qvov wKQyB bq (wekweLvZ kvwiqv-mg_K cwZ Wt Rvgvj ev`vIwq
Uiv kni eZv)| KvivYi kwbevii mxgv jNb Kiv ev mvwbZ gvm
I wbwl gvmI aygv hyi evcvi Avie`i cvPxb mswZ, GLb Ijv
Avi BQ KijI cvjb Kiv me bq|
my wb`kiI vb-Kvj-cvi mxgveZv _vK ZvB wb`k my
njI mUv wPiKvji bvI nZ cvi| Bgvg kvwdB Zuvi weLvZ KZve
wimvjv-ZI PgrKvifve `wLqQb KvivYi e AvqvZ wewfb gvbyli Rb
ct 35, 97, 200, BZvw`| evsjv`k RvgvZ-Gi Zi kvn Ave`yj
nvbvbI wjLQb twRwRqvi welqwU AZ | Bnv Kej wekl
cwiwwZZB chvR| hw` mB cwiwwZ bv _vK Ze Bnv cqvMi cqvRb
bvB| Bnv `vmc_vi gZvB| hnZz `vmc_v bvB, ZvB KvivY-mybvn-G Bnvi
AvBbwjI GLb chvR bn (Lei BqvMc, 1jv g, 2008)| mvgvwRK
weavbi wbw` cUf~wg A^xKvi Ki mUvK wPiKvji Rb cqvM Kij
Avgiv KwVb PvivevwjZ Wye hve| hw` Kvb Bmjvg-welx AvcbvK ej
evKviv 223 AZ Kzrwmr AvqvZ, Ze Zvi mvgb Avcwb Zzj aieb mwn
Avey `vD` nvw`m 2159| ILvb AvqvZUvi cUf~wgZ `Lvbv AvQ IUv
Kzrwmr Zv bqB eis cqvRbxq|
KvivY my wb`k AvQ Agymwjg`i KvQ _K wRwRqv Ki bevi, Pvii nvZ
KU `evi, Avi AvQ Bw`-Lxvb bvixK weq Kivi AbygwZ| wK nRiZ Igi
(ivt) wewfb KviY wKQy wekl ew Ges Avj& RyivwRgvn Mv I BivYi GK Mvi
KvQ _K wRwRqv Ki bbwb| Aviv `Lyb gywnDwb Lvbi Abyw`Z evsjv-KvivY
cv 567| Abvb m~ Avgiv `wL GgbwK GK gymwjg Mvi KvQ _KI wZwb
wRwRqv Ki wbqQb| myiv ZIev AvqvZ 60-Gi wfwZ gyqvjvdv Mv bexRx (`t)Gi mgq _K h RvKvZ cZ mUv, `ywfi mgq Pvii nvZ KvUv Ges wekl
Bw`-Lxvb bvixK weq Kiv wZwb e KiQb| A_P Gi cwZwUB KvivYi
my wb`k| ay KvivYB bq, nvw`miI DwZ w`wQ t Avjx Beb Avey Zvwje
ewjqvQb t g`cvbi Rb Avjvni imyj (mvt) Ges Avey eKi Pwjk evNvZ
w`qvQb Ges Igiv Zvnv Avwk Kib mwn Avey `vD` nvw`m bs 4466
http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/mu
slim/hadith/abudawud/038.sat.html
175

Lqvj Kib - nRiZ Igi (ivt) evKx mvnvex`i mv_ civgk Ki nvw`m
203 ejer Kib I nvw`m 204, 205 I 206-K iwnZ Kib| bexRxi
mgqi Zvgvz nRi cwZI wZwb e`j KiQb| GKUz Lywu Uq `Lj `Lv
hve AvcvZ`wZ KvivYi Ai jNb KijI wZwb AbymiY KiQb
KvivYi g~jeva hv KvivY wbRB Ges ^qs bexRx Zuvi myb Z cwZv Ki
MQb| GB mybZ
gb Ljxdv gvgybI GK MxRv _K wRwRqv Ki bbwb (m~
mwn eyLvwi 2q L nvw`m 634 I 642, wcwcj&m& Ae& Bmjvwg RywicW
Wt nvwkg Kvgvwj, AvwRRyj nK mvnei Abyw`Z mwn eyLvixZI _vKvi K_v
1g L cv 197, BZvw`)|
Aviv `Lyb t mvgwiK PvKwi nBZ invB w`evi Rb mg gymwjg
cyil`i Dci wRwRqv avh Kiv nBqvwQj...Lxvb Mv Avj& RyivwRgvn-K
GB PzwZ wRwRqv nBZ AevnwZ `Iqv nBqvwQj h Zvnviv gymwjgw`Mi
mwnZ hvM w`qv (ki wei jLK) hy Kwie I MwYgZi gvji Askx`vi
nBe Bmjvg ` wgm&AvvizW wiwjwRqvb wekweLvZ kvwiqv-bZv mq`
KzZze http://www.islambasics.com/view.php?bkID=157&chapter=15#_ftn1.
Avgiv Rvwb bexRx cii bZv wVK Ki hvbwb, RbMYi BQi Ici Qo
w`qwQjb| A_P nRiZ Avey eKi imyji AbyKiY bv Ki bZZ w`q
wMqwQjb nRiZ IgiK| Ges nRiZ IgiI imyji AbyKiY bv Ki Qq
Rbi GK KwgwU evwbq Zvi Ici fvi w`q wMqwQjb H KwgwUi fZi
_KB cii Lwjdv wVK KiZ| G _K wK cgvY nq ? cgvY nq hv Zuviv
wVKB RvbZb, bexRxi nvRvi nvRvi myb Zi mejvB Bmjvwg agwekvmi
Ask bq| Avgv`i Avjg`iI Zv RvbZ ne I RvwZK RvbvZ ne|
mvgvwRK cUf~wgi Ici bexRxi mybZ
cwieZbi KwVb mybZ
AvQ|
wK mB mybZ, KvivYi wK mB cwZ hv meKvji gIjvbv`i Rb Aek
cvjbxq ?
Lqvj Kib| bexRx (`t) AbK wKQy e`jQb hgb t (1) e eQi Pvjy
ivLvi ci gyZv weevn (mvgwqK Avqx weq) wbwl KiQb ; (2)
c_gw`Ki `yIqv bvgvR givRi ci cuvP Iqv KiQb ; (3) wmv
e`jQb Kei-wRqviZ ev KvievwYi gvsm msiY, Ges (4) Abvb e
welq| G-_K Avgiv wK cvwQ ? wPv Ki `Lyb| ^qs bexRxi mvgbB
KvivY-mybZ cwieZb Kiv nqQ| Kb Kiv nqQ ? Wt Kvgvwj ejQb t
bex (`t)-Gi mgqB KvivY I mybv n-Z wKQy m~Y I wKQy AvswkK
cwieZb Kiv nq| cwiwwZi cwieZbB Bnvi g~j KviY|
^qs KvivY ejQ t Avwg Kvb AvqvZ iwnZ Kwij ev fyjvBqv w`j Zvnv
Acv Dg ev mgchvqi AvqvZ Avwb (evKviv 106) Ges hLb Avwg GK
AvqvZi j Ab AvqvZ Avwb Ges Avjvn hv bvwRj Kib Zv wZwbB fvjv
Rvbb (bvn&j AvqvZ 101)| GK ej bm&L&| KvivYI wewfb weavb e eQi
176

Pvjy ivLvi ci e`jQ, hgb t (1) Avjvni KvQ mycvwik Kivi cwZ
e`j KiQ Avb& bvev 38 ; evKviv 48, 123, 254 ; wbmv 123 ; Avbvg 51,
70 ; Avj& hygvi 19, BZvw`Z| (2) RiRvjgi w`K gyL Ki bvgvR
covi wb`k 14 eQi Pvjy ivLvi ci e`wjq Kvevi w`K KiQ (evKviv
142 144 ; mwn eyLvix nvw`m bs 419 I 420, nvdR Ave`yj Rwjj)|
(3) weaevi GK eQii BZ e eQi Pvjy ivLvi ci evwZj Ki Pvi gvm
`k w`b KiQ (evKviv 240 I 234)| (4) GKmv_ `yevbK weqi c_v
e eQi Pvjy ivLvi ci wbwl KiQ (wbmv 23)| (5) AwbqwZ eweevnK
e eQi Pvjy ivLvi ci mevP Pvi x KiQ (wbmv 4)| (6) wcZvgvZv I
AvZxq`i DivwaKvi e eQi Pvjy ivLvi ci cwieZb KiQ (evKviv 180,
wbmv 11)| (7) e eQi Pvjy ivLvi ci whnvi evwZj KiQ (myiv mR`vn
4)| (8) AviI D`vniY `Lyb gIjvbv gywnDxbi Abyw`Z KvivY cv 53,
1255 I 1347| (9) eyLvixZ AvQ t Beb Dgi GB AvqvZ cwoZ
Zvnv`i myhvM wQj ivRv ivLv A_ev Kvb `wi`K cwZw`b LvIqvbv Ges
ewjqvQ GB AvqvZi Av`k iwnZ Kiv nq (3q L nvw`m 170) Ges evi&
gvDbvZ hvnviv wbnZ nBqvwQj Zvnv`i Dci bvRjKZ AvqvZwU Avgiv
cwoZvg wK ci Zvnv evwZj Kiv nq (4_ L nvw`m 69)| bexRxi mv_
GKv K_v ejZ nj wKQy m`Kv w`Z ne G-AvqvZI Avjvn bvwRj Ki
ci wbRB iwnZ Kib (gywnDwb Lvbi Abyw`Z evsjv-KvivY cv 1347)|
Avjvn wbRiB my wb`k evwZj I iwnZ KiwQjb Zvi wbqB iZc~Y
KviY AvQ GUv my wb`k-Gi ceviv wK Ki A^xKvi Kieb ?
GKw`K Avgiv `LwQ Avjvn I bexRx GKi ci GK b~Zb mvgvwRK
weavb Pvjy KiQb, AbK ci Zvi KvbvUv e`jvQb wKsev evwZj KiQb|
Avevi Abw`K `LwQ Avjvn ejQb t Avcwb KLbv cwieZb cveb bv
Avjvni mybvn-G (myb&vn A_vr ixwZbxZ, cwZwZ wbqg, Pvjy weavb BZvw`
myiv Avnhve 62)| GKUz LyuwUq `LjB `Lv hve hUvZ KLbv
cwieZb cveb bv Zv nj g~jeva I gvbevwaKvi cwZv, Avi hUvZ
cwieZb cveb Zv nj mvgvwRK weavbi cYqb, cwieZb I evwZj| gb
AvQ QvUejvq gv AvcbvK ejwQjb hvI Mvmj Ki ? Avevi GKw`b
GI ejwQjb Mvmj Kiv bv| `yUvB `wjj aiv AvQ ej Avwg wK
ejZ cvwi Avcbvi gv nq wbeva wKsev _yz Ki AvMi fyjUv aiQb ?
gvUB Zv bq| hvI Mvmj Ki wZwb ejwQjb hw`b Avcwb Ljv kl
ayjvgvLv `n Ni wdiwQjb, Ges Mvmj Kiv bv ejwQjb hw`b
Avcbvi Ri nqwQj| Avcbvi KjvY nj Zuvi g~jeva, IUv wVK ivLvi RbB
wb`k e`j| wPv Kib, hw` wZwb my wb`k bv e`wjq Rii w`bI
ejZb hvI Mvmj Ki Ze Avcbvi wK Aev `uvovZ ?
177

BmjvgI ZvB| KvivY `qv gvbeKjvYi g~jeva eRvq iL mvgvwRK

weavb e`jvbv Bmjvgi Acwinvh kZ| GRbB KvivY-imyji bm&L&| Wt
Kvgvwj ejQb t gvbyli DcKvii Rb mgvRi we`gvb cUf~wg I AvBbi
mg^q Kivi cqvRb bm&L& AvwmqvQ...KvivY I nvw`m bm&L&-Gi mecavb
KviY nBj vb-Kvji welqwU| GB mg^q KZUv iZc~Y Zv Bmjvgi
GK mgvjvPbvi Reve ejQb gIjvbv gI`yw`I t ZrKvjxb (AZxZi)
we`gvb cwiwwZ Dcv Kwiqv IB mgqi NUbvK eZgvbi AvjvK
`wLevi RbB GB fyj nBqvQ BmjvwgK j Av KwUwUDkb cv 236|
BDivci weLvZ kvwiqv-mg_K wejvj wdwjc ejQb t Avjvn KLbv
Kvbv ZvrwYK KviY gvbyli DchvMx AvBb `b| wK ci Bnvi Dk
nvwmj nBqv Bnvi DcKvwiZv jvc cvq| GB cwiwwZZ Avi Bnvi AwZ
_vK bv w` Gfvjykb Ae& wdK&n& cv 20| gIjvbv gywnDwbi KvivYI
GB GKB K_v AvQ 334 cvq t bvwmL I gbmyLi Aev GKRb we
nvwKg I Wvvii eevci gZ...Wvvi hLb c~eeZx eevc iwnZ Ki
b~Zb eevc `b ZLb Gic ejv wVK bq h c~ei eevcwU fyj wQj ...
eis Avmj mZ nQ GB h, weMZ w`bjvZ m eevcB wbfyj
I Riwi
wQj Ges cieZx cwiewZZ G-eevcB wbfyj
I Riix| wZwb 53 cvZI
IB GKB K_v ejQb|
wK Avh AvgivI Zv e GB GKB K_v ejwQ ! Pvk eQi mvgvwRKcvwievwiK cwieZbi eveZvK ^xKvi KivUvB Zv Bmjvg| wewfb `k
kvwiqvcxiv GUv Zv ^vxKvi Ki wbQbI, weavb Zv e`jvQbI hgb evwZj
KiQb ZvrwYK ZvjvK, gyiZv`-nZv, wRwRqv Ki Ges Abygv`b KiQb bvix
bxZ, bvixi wePviK nIqv, BZvw`| GUv fvjv jY| GfveB Zuviv GKw`b
cvwievwiK AvBbjvI e`jveb ZvZ KvbB m`n bB|
Gevi Avwg gIjvbv gI`yw`i cwZ mevi `w AvKlY Kie, wekl Ki
kvwiqvcx`i| wZwb my fvlvq ejQb t wewfb cqM^ii cPvwiZ agxq
AvBbwjZ wfbZv AvQ Kb ? (differ in matters of detail)...wewfb
cqM^ii cPvwiZ enkwZ KZve wb`wkZ Bev`Zi cwZZ, nvjvjnvivgi weavbwjZ I mvgvwRK AvBbwji wevwiZ KvVvgvZ (detailed
legal regulations) wfbZv AvQ Kb ?...(KviY) ^qs Avjvn wewfb
mgqi, wewfb RvwZi I wewfb cwiwwZi mv_ Lvc LvIqvBevi Rb AvBbi
aviv (legal prescriptions) e`jvBqvQb Zuvi Zvdwngyj KzivY gvq`v
48-Gi evLv http;//www.tafheem.net/main.html|
wK Avh AvgivI Zv e GB GKB K_v ejwQ ! KvivYi GB eve weavbUv
gb wbjB Zv nj ! GB g~jeva gbB Zv imyj, Lwjdv Ges gIjvbviv AbK
weavb e`jQb| hgb nRi mgq cv_i gvivi cwZ, gnvk~b Ges Di Mvjva
bvgvR-ivRvi mgq, ekwKQy gymwjg-msLvMwi `k mgvb DivwaKvi BZvw`,
178

hgb giv, wmbMvj I wZDwbwmqv (wZDwbwmqvq gymjgvb kZKiv 99%)|

gymwjg msLvMwi wKiwMRvb wZxq weq Kij mUvb `yeQii Kviv` Kvbv
LvwZi bB| GgbwK MZ deqvixZ BivYi Mv AvqvZzjvn mvbB weaevi
DivwaKvi cwieZbi dZvqv w`qQb| Gu`i KvDKB Zv KD gyiZv` ejwb !
Dbviv hw` cvib, Avgv`i gIjvbvivI cvib| Dbviv hfve cvib, Avgv`i
gIjvbviI mfve cvib| `iKvi ay Dcjwi I wbqZi| wK Bmjvgi GB
MwZgqZv bv eySvi dj Avgv`i Avjg mgvRi fveg~wZ bvix-weivax nq coQ
hv mgvRi Rb gvUB fvj bq|
G welq `wbKjvZ AmsL wbe KvivY bvixi DivwaKvii me AvqvZi
mgw `wLq `vwe Kiv nQ h DivwaKvi AaK njI bvixi DcvRb, `bgvnifiYcvlY me wgwjq bvix cyili ewkB cvq| K_vUv mwZ| `wbK BbwKjve 25
g 2008 ZvwiL Rbve gvnv` Ave`yj A`y` Bbmvd cwZvi cqvRbxqZv
wbe PgrKvi evK wjLQb Avjvn c` gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb GKwU
Ai wkKj| Gi Kv_vI wePzwZ NUj, cyivUvZB cwZwqv mw ne| Avgiv
wbixv Ki `LwQ AvmjB ZvB, AUv gj PgrKvi| wK kvwiqvcxiv hv
Lqvj Kib bv Zv njv AUv gj Pvk eQi AvMi mgvRi Av_-cvwievwiKmvgvwRK KvVvgvi mv_B| Pvk eQii weeZb wkKjUvi wKQy Ask Lm co
cw_ex _K DavI nq b~Zb Ask XyKQ ej eZgvb IB wkKj cqvM Kiv
Ame| Zv KiZ Mj wekK mB Pvk eQi AvMi Av_-cvwievwiK-mvgvwRK
Aevq wbq hZ ne hv Aeve I Ame| ZvB eywS eveev`x ej weLvZ
Bgvg ZvBwgqv ejQb gymwjg wek Kvb wPib kvmbeev evewfwKI bn,
meI bn cwjwUKvj _U& Ae& Beb ZvBwgqv, ct 106| mB mgvR Mv Zvi
cwZwU m`m I bvixK cvYcY mew`K w`q iv KiZ| GZ Mvi mvb I
kw eRvq _vKZ| wK bvixi m ivKePUv AvR bB, RbmsLv I m`i mB
fvimvgI bB| GLb Qv GKK cwievi evev-gv, fvBevb ev iv KDB KvDK
mew`K w`q iv KiZ cvi bv| ZvB e cwiZ bvixi kl Dcvq `uvovq
wfvew ev cwZZvew| cwZZvjqi AbK wicvU Gi eve cgvY AvQ|
Avgv`i eySZ ne KvivY nVvr GKw`b G-me mvgvwRK weavb w`q k~b _K
b~Zb mgvR mw Kiwb| KvivY mB cvPxb mgvRi bvix-weivaxZvq wKQyUv
fvimvg Gm fwelZi mgvb AwaKvii c_ `wLq MQ| G `yq h AvKvkcvZvj Zdvr mUv bv eySj Avgiv Kvbw`bB Bmjvg gvbeKjvYi ggevYx eySe
bv| mB mgvR bvixK cyili Pq Kg AwaKvi `qvi KviY nj bvixi `vwqZ
bevi AgZv| wK Zvi Rb bvix `vqx bq, `vqx mB mgvReev| ZvQvov GLb
h evsjv`k cvqB bxie `ywf, gvivZK KgnxbZv, fqven wmWi Avi gvq gi
hvq KvwU gvbyl Avi ivvq co _vK nvwmvi jvk, jM _vK ebv-Liv-Soi
asm, KvwU gvbyl Aavnvi m `k `bgvni ev ^vgxi fiYcvlYi `vwqZi
179

hyw wbzi cwinvm gv| huviv ejb `bgvni nj bvixi iveKP Zuv`i Rvbv
DwPZ bvixi mvivRxebi LiP nevi gZ `bgvni KLbvB avh Kiv nq bv| ZvQvov
`bgvni nZ cvi GKRvov RyZv ev KvivY _K wKQy ZjvIqvZ (kvwiqv w`
BmjvwgK j cv 163, 164 I wewae Bmjvwg AvBb 3q L cv 976)| ^vgxi
fiYcvlYi `vwqZi hyw huviv `Lvb Zuv`i Rvbv DwPZ mB `vwqZ nj t ^vgx
Lvevi, evmv I cvkvK w`e eva xK, Aeva xK bn| evPv nBevi mgq
eZxZ Ab mgq Wvvi-Ilyai LiP ev mvevb-cmvab w`Z ^vgx eva bn
(nvbvwd AvBb n`vqv cv 140 I kvwd AvBb Gg-11-4)| ejvB evj, K eva
Avi K Aeva x Zv wK wVK Kie H ^vgxB| nvbvwd-kvwd KZve nvZi KvQ
bv _vKj `L wbb gywnDwb Lvb Abyw`Z evsjv KvivY cv 857 t xi h
cqvRbxq eqfvi enb Kiv ^vgxi whvq IqvwRe Zv PviwU ei ga mxgve
Avnvi, cvbxq, e I evmvb| ^vgx Gi ewk wKQy xK w`j A_ev eq
Kij Zv ne AbyMn , Acwinvh bq| Gme AZ wbj AvBb| ^vgx
ZvjvK w`j x Lvicvl cve gv wZb gvm| Avi ZvrwYK ZvjvK Zv
Lvicvli Kvbv evjvB-B bB| Zvici m x wK Lve wK cie Zvi
Kvbv nw`m bB| KvRB bvixK Avw_K w`K w`q kwkvjx Kivi `iKvi
AvQ|
evsjv`k RvgvZ Bmjvwg ejb Zuviv Zuv`i nvivg bvix-bxZ nvjvj
KiQb cwiwwZi KviY| Zuv`i eySv DwPZ bvixi mgvb-DivwaKviI nIqv
cqvRb IB cwiwwZi KviYB| Avgvi mv_ iwWI-weZK GK DuP
z ii
kvwiqv-bZv AvgvK ejQb bvix wk KwR IRb ZzjZ cvi bv wK cyil
cvi| iwWIZ `ywbqvi mvgb Avwg ZuvK Amvb KiZ PvBwb wK G-hyw
mwZ nj gvbyl bq eis nvwZ ev Mvi nIqv DwPZ Avkivdzj gvLjyKvZ|
Kjwm KuvL NvU hvq Kvb& icmx MvbUv bZ fvjv wK `yKjwm cvwb
gv_vq wbq Ava-gvBj nuvUj ZvjcvZvi mcvB AbK cyiliB Nvoi nvo
bo hve| GKUvbv wZb Nv Kzjv Svoj wKsev XuwK cvo w`j e cyilB
eySe bvixi kw I ah KZ AmvaviY, ZvI Avevi nvwmgyL| mRbB ewj,
bvixK KvbB mvnvh KiZ ne bv ay I`i evav bv w`jB Iiv Amva
mvab Ki `Lve| bvixK Ag I `yej
Bmjvg Kiwb, KiwQ Avgiv|
Amxg KvivY `ynvZ fi w`Z Pvq wK mmxg gvbyl `ynvZi Ici
`ygyVvi ewk wbZ cvi bv| Avgv`i eySZ ne g`cvbi gZv Awfkvc
KvivY Kzg w`q GKw`b `~i KiZ cviZ wK Kb axi axi wZbU
c`c wbj| `vmc_vi gZv Awfkvc KvivY GK Kzg `~i KiZ cviZ
wK Kb GKUz GKUz Ki GwMq e eQi ci DQ` Kij (myiv gyn` 4)|
180

cyili BQgZv eweevn Avi ZvjvK, x-cnvi, cwZwU bvix mwnxb,

Zvi Pvzl mv Av`vjZ APj BZvw` ay AvieB bq eis gvbyli mvgwMK
BwZnvmi wPib Kzc_v| mjvKI KvivY GK Kzg `~i KiZ cviZ|
wK KvivY Rvb, Kvbv fvj weavbI gvbyl hw` bv Dcjw Ki Ze Rvi
Ki Pvwcq w`j AvLi mgvRi mebvk nZ eva| ZvB Avgiv `wL KvivY
AwZ mZKfve GKUz GKUz Ki ZZUzKzB cwZwZ KiQ hZUzKz gvbyl wbZ
cviZ, hZUzKz mB mgvR me wQj| m-RbB KvivY cv_wgKfve cwZwU
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Avgv`i mvnvh Kivi Ges bqvgZ wdwiq bqvi hw` Avgiv Pv bv Kwi
myiv iv` 11 , Avbdvj 53|
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182

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183

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G Zv evm kb !
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axi axi gymjgvbi Pz LyBjv w`e Avjvq|
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184

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nvZ ai _vKv|
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hvQ hv AvM KLbv NUwb| evm PjQ mvfvi cvi nq| ^vgx nvZi evM
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nq AvmQ Zvi wPeyK, VuvU k nq Pc emQ VuvU Avi Nb nq AvmQ
Zvi wbtkvm|
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gv `ywf PjQ Die, zavi `vD `vD Avb cyo hvQ KvwU gvbyl|
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RRwiZ e-ev, Abvnvi RRwiZ wbicvq hyeK| Leii KvMR m-me
coQ Avi Qwe `LQ `ki gvbyl wK wPbZ cviQ bv| miKviI wPbZ
cviQ bv| Iiv G `ki bq| Iiv cwiZ, I`i KD bB|
cjKi Rb Uj DVj eqi gv_vi fZi|
wK GLb RbZvi zwaZ AvZbv` e`j nqQ Drmei wPrKvi| e gy
PvL `Lj gvbyli Avb`, Zvici `yzwg Ki ejj,
I ! nRi UvKvq `vb-avb nQ Zvnj ?

185

`vb ? PKPK Ki DVj ^vgxi `yPvL wKmi `vb ? KvK `vb ? Avkivdzj
gvLjyKvZ Iiv, AvcvZZ GKUz K coQ| Avwg Zv ay Dcnvi w`wQ, gvbyli
cwZ gvbyli Dcnvi|
gy eqi gyL dmK ewiq Gj, Zzwg GKUv dikZv|
bv| Avwg dikZvi PqI eo, Avwg ewb Av`g| KvivY co `L|
Zvici ^vgx Zvi mB cyibv cwiwPZ `ywz gfiv PvL ejj, Avmj wK Rvbv ?
eemvqxi Qj RvZ-eemvqx Zv Avwg| Dcnvii bvg Avwg Avmj eemv
KiwQ| avii eemv m&mm
& m
& & ... KvDK ejv bv hb !
avii eemv ? GB `ywfi `k ?
weq eqi K_v AvUK Mj Mjvq| evK&PvZywiZ Avi `yzwgZ ^vgx
Zvi Abb, wK GKi ci GK GZ weqi avv m Avi mvgjvZ cviQ bv|
wKmi avi ? KvK avi ?
eySj bv ? AvjvK avi w`wQ, cPiz jvf ne e, MvivwW| !
AvjvK avi w`Q ? ZIev ZIev !
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Avjv WK WK avi PvQb ? ZIev ZIev !
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`e Dg KR, Avi Avjvn ZvK wY eY ewk Ki `eb|
wK ejj ? Avevi ejv Zv ??
Ggb K AvQ h AvjvnK `e Dg KR, Avi Avjvn ZvK wY eY
ewk Ki `eb myiv evKviv 245|
wK Avh !! GB `ywfi mgq KD KvivYi G-K_v `ki mevBK ej bv Kb ?
ejv `iKvi, iwWI-wUwf-Leii KvMR, me RvqMvq ejv `iKvi| XvKvq wdi
co `Lv myiv gyhh& vwj AvqvZ 20 Avi AvZ& ZvMveyb AvqvZ 17 AvjvnK
Dg FY `vI ... hw` Zvgiv AvjvnK Dg FY `vI wZwb Zvgv`i Rb Zv wY
Ki `eb| GB `k UvKi avi w`wQ, ivR nvki wek UvKiI ewk mIqve
cve| Zvi meUvB ZvgvK w`q `e hvI !
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AvQ ? zavZi gyL Ab Zzj `evi gZv Bev`Z AvQ ? w`M ZLb m~h
WyeyWyey, g` gi mv bvgQ| PgK fvOj hLb ^vgx Gm ejj t
Rvbv, Avgvi `Lv`wL AbivI wKQy cvVvQ|
Avgvi wKQy Mqbv AvQ| Zv _K wKQy bvnq ...|
186

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Avwg PvB Avgvi e wbRi nvZ Lvevi wejve Avi evPv`i Kvj ewmq gyL
Zzj LvIqve| Kvgiv GbwQ, Zvgvi evPv-LvIqvbvi Qwe Zzje|
bv, Qwe Zzje bv|
Kb ? Qwe Zzje bv Avh gqgvbyl Zzwg !
G-me Qwe ZvivB Zvj hviv cwKvq Qvc cPvii Rb| Qwe Zzjj
ZvgviI mB BQ ne|
Z_v| cPvii Rvj Avgv`i `iKvi bB, Qwe Kvb&mj| hv nvK, ivZUv
KvUvZ ne Bgvg ev gvZeii evmvq, Zvgvi K ne bv Zv ?
bv, K ne Kb|
kvb| gb w`q kvb|
e gb w`q bj, GZ gb w`q m Kvbw`bB Kviv K_v kvbwb|
Akixix GK `pK ^vgx wdmwdm Ki DVj Avgvi Ni `vbvcvwb _vKv
ch gvbyli evPvK bv Lq giZ `e bv Avwg|
K_vjv hb e-Gi Kj&Ri fZi XyK Mj wkDi KuvUv w`q
DVj Zvi kixi| ^vgxi nvZ ai wdmwdm Ki ejj, gv wdeQi _vKe bv|
gvbyl Avevi DV `uvove, dmj djve, Avevi `yejv `ygyVv Lqci fvjB
_vKe| ZLb Avevi Avgiv nR KiZ hve|
wbqB, AekB, Bb&kv Avjvn& - Avevi Avgiv nR KiZ hve|
my`p KwVb c`c ^vgx Pj Mj UvKi KvQ| mvgb ay-ay Liv ev
Rwg Ici AevwiZ AvKvk| Svci Wvj DovDwo KiQ GKUv dwos,
gvwUZ NvivNywi KiQ bvgnxb `yUv cvKv Avi cvk w`q QyU hvQ GK`j
wcuco| wK hb wK wbq Iiv mevB Lye e|

gvqvgq cvgevsjvi cv bg AvmQ Mvgevsjvi gvqvgq mv| PgK fvOj

hLb cQb _K ^vgx Gm Zvi nvZ aij| e PvL Zzj `Lj ^vgxi
`yPvL RjQ nvRvi RvbvwK| mB PvL eqi `yPvL Mu_ ^vgx ejj,
Rvbv, bexRx ejQb hvi cwZekx bv Lq _vK m gymjgvb bq| h
gymjgvbB bq Zvi Avevi nR wK ?
Zvici eqi nvZ Qo m _gK `uvovj| cyiv wbtkvm eyKi fZi
Ub GKUz AvUK wbj hb| Zvici `ynvZ mvRv Ici Zzj AvKvki w`K
gyL Zzj mekwZ wPrKvi Ki DVj jvevqK ... !!
my`~i cwg w`MweZ
giK` ZLb Kvev kixdi Pviavi Rj`g`
awbZ-cwZawbZ nQ j Ki AvKzwZ jvevqK ... !!

*******************************************

Kvbw`b wK Kvb wcuco bv Lq giQ ? Kvb dwos ev cvKv ?

e Kbvq `Lj GqvicvU `ya-is aeae mv`v Kvco nvRvi nvRvi
Avbw`Z nRhvx ovwo Ki cb DVQ Avi eyKfiv ZwZ ejQ Kzi
Avj& nvg`ywjjvn !! Iw`K `~i `uvwoq Qv `yUv zavZ fvB-evb nvZ
aivawi Ki KiY PvL Zv `LQ| fvBUv Av Ki ejj eo nBqv Zi
nR jBqv hvgy| wavM Qv evbUv wK hb fvej| Zvici wdmwdm Ki
hb wbRKB ck Kij IBnvb fvZ AvQ ?

hvnviv Avgvi AvqvZmg~nK wg_v cwZcb KwiqvQ Avwg

Zvnvw`MK gv^q cvKovI Kwie Ggb RvqMv nBZ hvnv
Zvnviv aviYvI KwiZ cvwie bv (Avj& Avivd 182)|

cjKi Rb AveviI Zvi gv_vUv Uj DVj|

187

188