Thuyet Minh HT M&E

LP THC HNH THIT K M&E
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g

CONG TY CO PHAN TU VAN

***********

CONG TRNH :

CHU AU TU : BAN QUAN LY NANG CAP O THI


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THUYET MINH THIET KE CUNG CAP DIEN
Cong trnh :
MUC LUC
I- HE THONG DIEN:
II. HE THONG CAP THOAT NUOC:
1. HE THONG CAP NUOC
2. HE THONG THOA T NUOC
III- HE THONG ACMV:
1. HE THONG THONG GIO
2. HE THONG HKK
IV- HE THONG PCCC .
1. HE THONG BAO CHAY
2. HE THONG EN CHIEU SANG SU CO VA THOAT HIE M
3. HE THONG TAO AP CAU THANG.
4. HE THONG CUA THOAT HIEM
5. HE THONG CHO NG SET
6. HE THONG CHU A CHAY
V- HE THONG PHU TRO:
1. HE THONG AM THANH THONG BAO.
2. HE THONG IE N THOAI
3. HE THONG TRUYEN HNH CAP.
VII-HE THONG THANG MAY


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I. HE THONG DIEN:
1 - PHAM VI CONG VIEC:
- Thiet ke cung cap dien phan dong luc voi muc tieu thu va phu tai duoc yeu cau truoc bao
gom cac hang muc sau:
+ Phan tch phu tai
+ He thong phan phoi va cac so do nguyen ly.
+ Thong so ky thuat cac thiet bi dien chnh trong mang phan phoi dien.
+ Tnh toan he thong cap dong luc cung cap dien.
- He thong thiet ke se da t duoc cac yeu cau sau:
+ An toan cho con nguoi va thiet bi.
+ o tin cay trong cung cap dien.
+ o rui ro do ho a hoan gay ra la toi thie u.
+ Thuan tien trong viec quan ly, van hanh va bao duong.
+ Thch hop cho cong tac sua chua va phat trien trong tuong lai.
+ Thuan tien va nhanh chong trong viec thay the thiet bi trong khi van hanh.
2 - CAC QUY PHAM VA CAC TIEU CHUAN
- Trong qua trnh thiet ke, lap dat, kiem tra va chay thu se phai tuan theo cac quy dinh va
tieu chuan, quy pham dang ap dung hien hanh tai Viet Nam va Quoc Te. Cac tieu chuan va
quy dinh sau day duoc ap dung.
TCXD 16/1986 Tieu chuan thiet ke chieu sang.
TCXD 25/1991 Tieu chuan thi cong lap dat thiet bi.
TCXD 27/1991 Tieu chuan thiet ke va tnh toan he thong dien
IEC 60364 Phan thiet ke mang ha ap trong cac toa nha.
IEC 60947-2 Tie u chuan ve thiet bi dien mang ha the.
- Trong truong hop co bat ky sai lech hay doi lap nao cua cac thong so ky thua t nay so vo i
cac quy dinh va tieu chuan th thong so ky thuat nay se khong co tac dung.
3 - TONG QUAT VE HE THONG DIEN:
- Hien tai day la cong trnh vua xay dung mo i la y nguon 380/220V tu tra m ha ap va may phat
dien du phong de cung cap dien cho toan cong trnh nay.
4 - MO TA HE THONG DIEN:
- Sau khi phan tch va tnh toan cong suat phu tai cho toan he thong dien cua cong trnh
CHUNG CU TAN HOA ONG . Su dung hai nguon dien chnh la luoi dien quoc gia va may
phat du phong de cung cap cho toan bo cong trnh thong qua tu dien chnh MSB.
- Cac phu tai cung cap gom:

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+ Phu tai chieu sang
+ Phu tai o cam cong suat nho.
+ Phu tai dien lanh.
+ Phu tai bom nuoc sinh hoat.
+ Phu tai PCCC.
+ Cac phu tai khac: Am thanh, Bao chay..
5 - THIET KE HE THONG DIEN:
- He thong dien cua hang muc nay duoc chia ra thanh cac phan sau:
1. He thong chieu sang:
- Thiet ke he thong chie u sang bao gom cac hang muc sau:
+ Chieu sang lam viec.
+ Chieu sang su co.
+ Chieu sang phan tan nguoi.
+ Chieu sang bao ve.
- Tieu chuan thiet ke:
- He thong chieu sang duoc thiet ke theo tieu chuan chieu sang nhan tao trong cac nha o
va cong trnh cong cong 27-TCXD, tieu chuan chieu sang quoc te CIE 12.2, tieu chuan
Anh BS 5489 va tieu chuan chieu sang IEC 60598.
- Theo tieu chuan Viet Nam TCXD 16: 1986 - Bang 4, yeu cau do roi trung bnh cho tung
khu vuc duoc cho nhu sau theo Bang 1-1 duoi da y:

Stt Khu vuc Do roi TB (lux)
1 Nha giu xe 100
2 Nha ve sinh 50-100
3 Phong o 100-150
4 Khu vuc chung 75
5 Cau thang 50
6 Sieu thi, cua hang bach hoa 300
Xac dinh so luong den can thiet dung cong thuc:

Trong do:
N: so luong den can thie t
E
) (ave
: o roi trung bnh (lux).
A:Dien tch be mat can duoc chieu sang (m2)
K: Hieu suat su dung, phu thuoc vao hieu suat quang cua bo den va phuong an
bo tr, thuong lay tu 1.65-3
K
*
: he so suy giam cua den, den huynh quang la y k=0.5, den soi dot lay k=1
: Quang thong cua den(lumen).
- Cao do cong tac den la H = 1200 tnh tu mat sa n hoan thien den tam co ng tac.
N=
*
) (
xK
E
xAk ave


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- Day dien tu cong tac den den trong can ho la loai: Cap Cu/PVC1.0 mm
2
di trong ong
16/20 PVC, di am tuo ng, am san va trong tran thach cao.
- Cac day trung tnh (Neutral) cua he thong den va he thong o cam di rie ng biet.
- Moi tuyen den deu phai duoc di 1 Pha, 1 Trung tnh rieng biet ve tu die n.
- ien tro cach dien cu a cac day dien voi nhau va voi dat cua he thong den toi thieu la
2M. Thang do cua dong ho Megaohm la 250V.
2.He thong cap nguon may lanh, may nuoc nong & o cam:
- He thong o cam duoc thiet ke so bo voi muc dch bo sung nguon sang phu tro, thie t bi
ca nhan, phong o, bao tr sua chua.
- Cac o cam tren se duoc bo tr thch hop theo su bo tr thiet bi va vat dung trong tung
khu vuc thi cong.
- Tat ca cac day dien cap nguon cho o cam la loai : Cu/PVC 2.5mm
2
~ 1C luon trong
ong PVC di am tuong, am san, trong tran thach cao.
- Tat ca cac day dien cap nguon cho may lanh va may nuoc nong (du phong) la
loai:Cu/PVC 2.5mm
2
~ 1C luon trong ong PVC di am tuong, am san, trong tran thach
cao.
- Cao do mat na o cam la H = 350 tnh tu mat san hoan thien den tam mat na, rieng
trong bep va nha ve sinh cao do la H = 1200.
- Moi tuyen o cam deu phai duoc di ba day: 1 Pha, 1 Trung tnh & 1 tiep dat rieng biet
ve tu dien.
- Voi he thong cap nguon cho may lanh, quat hut phong ngu & may nuoc nong ch cap
01 MCB - 2P va day cap nguon tu tu dien can ho den MCB & den vi tr du tnh dat thiet
bi.
- Cac thiet bi neu tren deu duoc tiep dat an toan.
- ien tro cach dien cua cac day dien voi nhau va voi dat cua he thong o cam toi thieu
la 2M. Thang do cua dong ho Megaohm la 250V.
3. Tnh toan cong suat & Tu dien:
Dien tch lau 1 den lau 20: 800m
2
/1 lau, 10 can ho / 1 lau trong do :
- Can ho loai 56m
2
;
- Can ho loai 58m
2
;
- Can ho loai 77m
2
;
- Can ho loai 78m
2
;
- Can ho loai 81m
2
;
* Cong suat nguon cap cho cac can ho duoc tnh toan nhu sau:
a-Cac can ho loai A(3 phong) tu tang 1 den tang 20 (tong cong 100 can).
- Cac so lieu tnh toan cho 1 can ho lay theo cam nang su dung cap CADIVI:
He thong chieu sang, chuong,quat: 800 VA
O cam cho tivi, may tnh, ban ui: 1650 VA
O cam cho bep, tu lanh, may giat: 2020,5 VA
Cong suat du phong cho DHKK : 2625 VA
Cong suat du phong cho nuoc nong 1.5KW: 1500 VA
Cong suat dat : 8595,5 VA=8.5 KVA
Cong suat tnh toan : 5,95kW ~ 6kW

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b-Cac can ho loai B1(4 phong) tu tang 1 den tang 20 (tong cong 20 can)
He thong chieu sang, chuong,quat: 1040 VA
Cong suat du phong cho HKK 1HP : 3375 VA
Cong suat du phong cho nuoc nong 1,5KW: 1500 VA
Cong suat dat : 12000,5 VA=12 KVA
Cong suat tnh toan : 8,4kW

c-Cac can ho loai B2(4 phong) tu tang 1 den tang 20 (tong cong 20 can)
He thong chieu sang, chuong, quat: 1040 VA

d-Cac can ho loai C(4 phong) tu tang 1 den tang 20 (tong cong 20 can)
Cac so lieu tnh toan cho 1 can ho lay theo cam nang su dung cap CADIVI:
O cam cho bep, tu lanh , may giat: 3303,5 VA

Cac can ho loai D(3 phong) tu tang 1 den tang 20 (tong cong 40 can).
Cac so lieu tnh toan cho 1 can ho lay theo cam nang su dung cap CADIVI:
O cam cho bep, tu lanh , may giat: 2020,5 VA
Cong suat du phong cho DHKK : 2625 VA
Cong suat dat : 8595,5 VA=8.5 KVA
Cong suat tnh toan : 5,95kW ~ 6kW


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- Moi tang co 7 can ho 6,0kW va 3 can ho 8,4kW duoc cap dien tu tu tang dat
trong gieng dien voi cong suat tnh toan = (7x6,0+3x8,4)x he so dong thoi
mach la 0,7 (IEC 60439). LDBn (n=1,20) = 47,04 kW.
- Cu 4 tang su dung chung mot tuyen len cho nen he so dong thoi mach xuat
tuyen tu 4 den 5 theo tieu chuan la k
s1
=0,8. Cong trnh CT2 su dung 5 tuyen
len cap cho can ho toa nha cho nen he so dong thoi mach xuat tuyen k
s2
= 0,8.
Vay cong suat tieu thu dien cho khoi can ho:
Ptt
CH
=k
s1
x k
s2
x LDBn (n=1,20) = 0,8x0,8x47,04x20 = 602,11kW. Chon cong
suat tram cho khu can ho la 750kVA.
- Cac ho tieu thu deu duoc trang bi 1 dien ke, ca c dien ke cua moi can ho duoc dat trong
tu dien tang cua moi tang tai hop gieng dien.
* Cong suat dien cung cap cho khu cong cong va kinh doanh duoc tnh toan nhu sau:
S
TT
Noi dung dien
DT
(m
2
)
C.S don vi
(W/m
2
)
C.S dat
(kW)
H.S yeu
cau (k
n
)
C.S tnh
toan (kW)
1
Tang ham.
+ He thong gio tang ha m
+ Bom thoat nuoc
796 10

7.96
7,4
2,2
0,8
1
0,75
6,73
7,4
1,65
2
Tang tret:
-Khu vuc sieu thi.
+ Chieu sang
+ O cam
+ ieu hoa nhiet do
+ Thong gio
-Khu vuc kinh doanh.
+ Chieu sang
+ O cam
+ ieu hoa nhiet do
-Khu vuc sinh hoat cong dong.
+ Chieu sang
+ O cam
-Khu vuc sanh, ky thuat, hanh

125

85

167

419

10
20
80

10
20
80

10
20
10

1,25
2,50
10,00
1,0

0,85
1,7
6,8

1,67
3,34
4,19

1,0
0,7
1,0
1,0

1,0
0,7
1,0

1,0
0,7
1,0

1,25
1,75
10,00
1,0

0,85
1,19
6,8

1,67
2,34
4,19
3
- Tang ky thuat
+ He bom bu ap.
+ He quat hut WC
44

10

0,44
1,5
2
1
0,75
0,75
0,44
1.125
1.5
4 -Khu vuc chung T1~T20.(x20) 178 10 1,78 0,8 28,48
5 -Thang may 45 0,75 33,75
6 -Quat tao ap cau thang 25,5 1/3 8,5
7 -He bom nuoc sinh hoat 3x15 0,75 33,75
8 -He bom nuoc chua chay 83,2 1/3 27,73
9 -He bom xu ly nuoc thai 15,3 0,75 11,5
10 -Chieu sang ngoai. 15
Tong cong 190,97

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- Tong cong suat tnh toan cua khu cong cong va khu kinh doanh la:
P
tt
=
cos
tt
P
= 190,97/0,8 = 238,71 kVA chon may bien ap 250kVA.
3.2.1. Tnh cong suat cho may phat dien du phong cua chung cu:
- Cac phu tai duoc cung cap dien tu may pha t dien du phong bao gom: He thong thang
may, may bom nuoc chu a chay, may bom nuoc sinh hoat, quat tao ap cau thang, chieu
sang cac khu vuc cong cong nhu khu de xe (tang ham), sieu thi, cau thang, hanh lang
cac tang...theo tnh toan o tren, tong cong suat cua thiet bi nay la:
Ptt
1
= 190,97 kW
Cong suat tnh toan cua nhom thiet bi nay la : S
sc
= k
s
xP
tt
1
/cos
Trong do: k
s
: he so dong thoi, k
s
= 0,85
Cos : he so cong suat, Cos = 0,8
S
sc
= 0,85x190,97/0,8 = 202,906 kVA
- Tren co so do chon mo t may phat dien du pho ng co dung luong 250kVA (o
che do dai han) de cung cap dien cho cong trnh nay. May phat dien du phong
la loai 220/380V 50Hz, bo chong on va bo chuyen doi nguon tu dong (ATS) di
cung.
- Tram bien ap va may phat dien du phong pha i duoc thiet ke dam bao yeu cau
ve phong chay va chua chay, thuan tien cho vie c quan ly va van hanh.
3.2.3. Tnh toan he so bu cong suat:
- Viec su dung tu bu de bu cong suat phan khang se dua lai hieu qua la nang cao he
so cos va giam duoc ton that cong suat tac dung tren mang luoi.
- Cong suat phan khang duoc sac dinh nhu sau:
+ Tu bu tu cos1 = 0.85 den cos2 =0.96 tra bang cho ra he so 0.329.
Cong suat tu bu may bie n ap cho can ho la Qb = 750 Kva x 0,85 x 0,329 =
209,73 Kvar, vay chon tu bu 240 Kvar dieu khie n boi 8 cap moi cap 30Kvar.
Cong suat tu bu may cong cong va khu kinh doanh la Qb = 250 KVA x 0.85 x
0.329 = 69.9 Kvar, vay chon tu bu 75 Kvar dieu khien boi 5 cap moi cap
15Kvar.
- Tu bu se hoat dong, ne u he so cos cua he thong thap hon gia tri duoc cai dat th tu
se tu dong dong them ca c bo tu vao va nguoc lai, giup duy tr duoc he so cong suat
trong pham vi yeu cau.
- Tu bu se duoc dat ta i phong tu ha the chnh.
- Viec dieu khien dong va ngat bot dung luong KVAR cua tu bu tuan theo qui tac sau:
+ ong va ngat tung nac theo co cau cua tu bu.
+ Nac vua ngat ra se khong dong lai lien
+ Khi can tang dung luo ng tu bu, theo che do xoay vong( nac lien sau nac vua
ngat se dong lai khi co nhu cau tang dung luong tu bu).
3.2.4. Tu dien:
- Cong trnh se duoc cap dien theo cac tu dien sau:

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- Tu dien chnh MSB-1 lay nguon cap tu sau MBA 750kVA cap nguon cho khu vuc
can ho. Tu dien MSB-2 lay nguon tu sau MBA 250kVA va may phat dien 250kVA
qua dao dien tu dong ATS cap nguon cho khu vuc cong cong chung va mua ban.
20 tu dien tang (LDB.1~LDB.20) cap nguon cho tu dien cac can ho (DB-A. DB-B1,
DB-B2, DB-C. va DB-D) va 21 tu dien (LDB.E1-T, LDB.E1~LDB.E1-20) cap nguon
cho khu vuc cong cong tu tang 1 den tang 20 va tang ky thuat voi muc dch chieu sang
hanh lang, cau thang bo, cac gieng ky thuat, gain rac, o cam cong cong va chieu sang
den cau thang thoat hiem, chieu sang den su co qua 2 tuyen cap xuyen tang di trong
hop gieng ky thuat.
1 tu dien tang ham (LDB.H) cap nguon cho chieu sang va he thong quat thong gio
va cho he thong bom nuoc chong ngap.
1 tu dien cap nguon cho chieu sang ngoai: LDB.CSN
1 tu tang tre t (LDB-TT) cap nguon cho khu vuc kinh doanh (DB-KD1,2), khu vuc
sinh hoat chung (DB-SHC), khu vuc sieu thi (DB-ST).
3 tu dien bom nuoc sinh hoat, nuoc thai, nuoc chua chay: LDB.NT, LDB.NC,
LDB.CC, dat tai tang ham
1 tu dien cap nguon ta o ap cau thang :LDB.Q
1 tu dien cap nguon cho thang may: LDB.TM
1 tu dien tang ky thua t (LDB.E1-KT) cap nguo n cho khu ky thuat va bom tang
- Cao do cua cac tu dien la 1800 tnh tu mat san hoan thien den dnh tu.
- ien tro cach dien cua cac day cap dien voi nhau va voi dat cua he tho ng cap nguon
dong luc toi thieu la 20M. Thang do cua dong ho Megaohm la 500V.
4. Tnh toan thiet bi dong ngat va kch co day cap:
- Tuy nhien trong qua trnh thiet ke cong viec tren se duoc thuc hien dua tren nhung
thong so cuoi cung duoc the hien tren ban ve ky thuat.
6. YEU CAU KY THUAT:
Tong quan.
- Tieu chun k thut na y bao gm vic thit k, ch to, cung cp, giao nhan, lp dt,
kim tra, chy th, ban giao trong diu kin dc phe chun va cong tac bao tr cac
thiet bi ve sau nham hoan chnh cac cong viec thuoc he thong dien cho Cong Trnh
Chung cu tai dinh cu TAN HOA ONG.
Mo t chung.
- Ngun cung cp din cho toa nha thong qua tuyen cap trung th 15/22 KV tu mang
luoi dien dia phuong dn t dien trung the ca toa nha.
- Ngun trung th 15/22 KV duoc gim cp thanh ngun h th 380V nhu neu ro trong
bn v va diu kin k thut.
- Cac may phat dien dung du diesel duoc ch ro trong bn v du thu va tieu chun k
thut, duoc lap dat de cung cap cho cac nguon dien cho phu tai khn cp,d phong va
thiet yeu trong thoi gian nguon dien luoi bi mat nham phu hop voi cac qui dinh an
toan va yeu cau van hanh.
- Vic phan phi dien cho cac o cam, den chieu sang, va cac tai dien cuoi nguon duoc
thong qua dng thong tng va qua cac t dong luc va t phan phi nh ch ra trong
bn v.

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- H thng noi dt se duoc trang bi voi gia tri din tr dt nh hn 10 cho he thong
chong set va nho hon 4 cho cac thiet bi khac nhu may bien the, may phat dien, may
vi tnh v.v.Cac ho coc tiep dia se duoc xay dung nham ngan can su tham nuoc. Cac
he thong noi dat rieng biet se duoc trang bi cho he thong dien va cho ng set. Cac he
thong noi dat rieng biet nay se duoc lien ket tai coc noi dat nham can bang dien the.
- He thong chong set cho toa nha se tuan theo luat dinh. Day dong se duoc lap den
mai nha doc theo cot cua toa nha. Kim thu set se duoc trang bi nhu mo ta trong ban
ve. uong dan set se la day dong. Mot so luo ng day du kep se duoc cung cap cho
viec kiem tra coc dat va ho coc vase duoc dat o vi tr nhu mo ta trong ban ve.
- Gia tri cach dien cho tuyen dong luc va he thong phan phoi chnh toi thieu la 20
M va cac tuyen phu tai cuoi nguon toi thieu la 10 M do o dien ap thu 1000V.
Kch co cap toi thieu la 1mm
2
cho den chieu sang va 2mm
2
o cam.
- Cac tu phan phoi 3 pha se duoc danh dau mau do, vang, xanh cho cap 3 pha dau
vao. Cap den cac tu phan phoi mot pha phai duoc danh dau mau cua pha tuong ung.
Tat ca tu phan phoi cho khu vuc dich vu se co vo tu bang kim loai gom nap che ben
trong co the thao roi duo c va cua ben ngoai co ban le. Tu phan phoi cho cac can ho se
co vo tu bang nhua va mau se duoc su chap thuan cua tu van.
- Mach dien tai cho khu vuc chung, bai dau xe, phong va gieng ky thuat v.v. duoc
cung cap nhu ch ra trong ban ve. Tat ca cong ta c, o cam lap noi ngoai mua hoac noi
am uot la loai chong nuoc.
-Tuyen cap den den va o cam o moi khu vuc se dat trong ong nhua PVC dat ngam tru
khi co ch dinh khac.
- Cau dao tu dong cong suat lon MCCB, cau dao tu dong cong suat nho MCB, CB
duoc chon cho phu hop voi dong tai dinh muc, kha nang cat ngan mach chon loc nham
dam bao cho he thong la m viec lien tuc, an toan va tin cay.
- Nhung ban ve cho duong di cua cap, chi tiet lap dat tu dieu khien va nhung chi tiet
can thiet khac lam sang to cho noi dung cong viec, phai duoc kiem tra truoc khi thi
cong .
6.1. He thong chieu sang va o cam:
- Cap cap nguon cho he thong chieu sang va o cam duoc tnh toan sao cho ton that dien
ap roi tren cac den o xa nhat khong vuot qua 5%.
- Toan bo cac linh kie n trong bo den va o ca m phai co cap cach die n dam bao moi ch
tieu an toan dien theo TCVN 5561-92, TCVN 1835-94.
- Loai den va o cam duoc su dung trong thiet ke voi muc tieu tiet kie m dien nang, co do
tham my cao va dat cac tieu chuan ky thuat ve chieu sang. Cu the thong so ky thuat dua
vao thiet bi cua cac hang sau: OSRAM, MASCICI, SILIC, METAL, PRISMA, YLI,
WEEF, LEDS, SPB, DENKO, PHILIP trong thu c te co the su dung cac chung loai tuong
duong hoac cao hon.
6.1.1. Den chieu sang thong thuong
- Yeu cau chieu sang duoc thuc hien de dat duoc cac muc tieu sau :
a. at duoc tam nhn toi da.
b. Noi bat toan bo hnh anh kien truc.
c. Hnh anh cua toa nha tuong phan voi moi truong xung quanh.

11
d. at nang suat.
e. Chi ph bao tr va van hanh toi thieu.
- Tat ca thie t bi chieu sa ng duoc chon thch hop cho dien the mot pha 220 V, 50 Hz.
- Cac loai den su dung phai dat chung ch ISO ve chat luong ,dam bao an toan khi
su dung.
- Viec thiet ke chieu sang nham dam bao su hoat dong bnh thuong cua nguoi va
cac phuong tien khi kho ng co hoac thieu anh sang tu nhien
6.1.2. Den chieu sang khan cap va thoat hiem
- He thong chieu sang khan cap duoc thiet ke de cung cap du do sang trong truong
hop nguon dien luoi bi mat de nguoi cu ngu trong toa nha co the dan xep viec di
chuyen tu mo t diem trong toa nha den loi thoat sau cung theo lo i thoat hiem duoc
thiet ke boi kien truc su.
- en van hanh nguon pin tu duy tr trong thoi gian 2 gio se duoc cung cap cho
bien bao thoat hiem, duong thoat cong cong va khu vuc tru an.
- en thoat hiem se duo c lap sao cho dam bao rang mot loi thoat co the duoc nhan
biet va xu dung hieu qua va no se sang ngay tuc th khi mat nguon dien luoi.
6.1.3 .He thong o cam
- Voi muc dch chung, cac o cam se duoc cung cap trong cac khu vuc chung cua
toan toa nha. Nguon o cam thong thuong se la 16 A, 220 V, 1 pha, 3 cuc tron theo
tieu chuan BS 1363
- O cam chong nuoc se duoc cung cap o khu vuc ngoai troi va khu vuc am uot nhu
yeu cau.
- Dong dien va vi tr cu a o cam se duoc ch ra trong ban ve. No se duoc dat o tren
cot hay tuong be tong la thch hop hon tren van go hay vach ngan co the di doi
ngoai tru co yeu cau ve vi tr.
6.2. Tan so va dien ap danh dinh:
He thong dien xoay chie u.
Cac gia tri danh dinh cua dien ap va tan so cho phep bien doi to i da nhu sau:
ien ap: 380/220V +/- 5%
Tan so : 50Hz +/- 0,2%
Sut ap cho phep toi da cua bat cu day tai dien nao duoi cac dieu kien hoat dong o trang
thai on dinh se khong duoc phep vuot qua gia tri sau:
Tu thu cap may bien ap den tu dien chnh MSB 1%
Tu tu dien chnh den cac tai la motor 3%
Tu tu dien chnh den cac tu dien phan phoi 3%
Tu tu dien chnh den phu tai chieu sang 5%
Sut ap tai cac dau cuc motor trong khoang thoi gian khoi dong lon nhat hoac su gia tang
tro lai cua cac dong co se khong duoc phep vuot qua 15%.
ien ap tai dau cuc motor trong khoang thoi gian khoi dong du de dam bao cho dong co
khoi dong tot va khong gay bat ky su co nao cho motor, thiet bi bao ve va cac tai khac.
6.3. He thong dien va cap truc chnh:
- e cap dien cho toa nha, can keo tuyen trung the bang cap ngam 15/22kV tu ben ngoai
vao MBA 3 pha 15-22/0,4KV cong suat 750 KVA va 250KVA dat o tang tret.

12
- e cung cap dien cho cac tai su dung thuoc khu vuc cong cong va dich vu khi nguon
dien tu may bien ap bi mat, dung may phat du phong cong suat 400 KVA dat o tang ham.
Mot bo chuyen doi nguo n tu dong se chay may phat khi dien luoi bi mat.
- He thong tu toan nha dat o phong ky thuat dien. Tu tu dien tong (MSB-1,2) he thong cap
dien duoc di trong mang cap den cac hop gain dien di len den cac tu die n tang. Moi tang
co mot tu dien tang dat o phong dien tang theo truc gain dien. Cap dien tu tu dien tong
(MSB-1,2) cap den tu dien bom phong chay chua chay (LDB-PCCC), tu dien quat tang
ap (LDB-QTA), tu dien thang may(LDB-TM) su dung cap co vo boc chong chay.
- Cap tu tu dien tang den tu phan pho i se co cap cach dien PVC/PVC cap cach dien
600/1000V, bao gom day dan dong ben tu nhieu tao co do dan dien cao kch co duoc ch
ra trong ban ve va tuan theo tieu chuan IEC 502 :1983.
- Cap cho mach phu tai cuoi nguon se la cap cach dien PVC cap cach dien 600/1000V,
bao gom day dan dong ben tu nhieu tao co do dan dien cao kch co duoc ch ra trong ban
ve va tuan theo tieu chuan IEC 502:1983.
- Cap chiu lua (flame retardant) duoc su dung se tuan theo tieu chuan IEC - 502, IEC
332.1 phan I va II. Chat halogen nho hon 0.5% trong thu nghiem axit theo tieu chuan
IEC phan 754.
6.4. Cap dien den cac thiet bi:
- Cac tuyen day tu tu phan phoi den tai duoc di trong trunking va ong nhua PVC chiu luc
de tranh tac dong cua luc co hoc len cap. Cac tuyen cap duoc di trong cung mot mang,
ong tuy theo so luong ong ma bo tr loai mang (ong) cap phu hop cu the. Tuyet doi
khong noi cap ngoai hop noi ky thuat. Kiem tra dien tro cach dien theo tieu chuan nganh
quy dinh.
- Dung cap dong vo cach dien PVC 1,6mm
2
luon ong nhua cung chong chay 20, chon
ngam trong tuong hoac bat vao tran be tong cot thep tren tran gia cap dien den den.
- Dung cap dong vo cach dien PVC 2.5mm
2
ke m day noi dat ruot dong vo cach nhiet PVC
2 mau luon ong nhua cu ng 20 chon gan san ca p dien tu tu dien tang de n cac o cam.
- Tie t dien cap duoc chon dua theo phu tai thuc te tnh toan va cac thong so ky thuat cap
duoc chon dua vao catalogue. Co the su dung cap CADIVI, TAYA, LG, v.v.
- Cac tuyen cap chnh duoc mo ta o tren la cac gia tri nho nhat cho phep va dua vao
catalogue cua cac hang tren. Trong thuc te co the su dung day cap khac tuong duong hoac
cao cap hon tuy nhien phai dam bao tai dong dien danh dinh nhu trong thiet ke va phu
hop cung nhu duoc bao ve day du boi thie t bi ba o ve cap gan do (MCCB,MCB).
6.5. Gia do cap, mang cap:
6.5.1. Gia do cap
- Khoang cach cua cac gia do se duoc xac dinh theo kch thuoc cua cap va trong truong
hop kch thuoc cua cap co duong knh tong nho hon 25 mm, khoang cach se lon hon 800
mm cho ca hai truong hop lap theo phuong nam ngang hay thang dung.
- Tat ca cap se duoc do theo cach ma no dam bao rang no khong bi vong xuong sau khi
lap dat.
- Gia do cap bao gom thang cap, khay cap, mang cap cung voi bu long, kep, thanh giang,
tan va vt se la loai sat ma kem. Khay cap se la loai duc lo.
6.5.2. Mang cap

13
- Mang cap se duoc su dung thay cho duong ong nhung noi co nhieu duong ong se can lap
dat.
- Mang cap se duoc che tao tu ton ma kem va se duoc do bang gia do thch hop co
khoang cach khong lon hon 1 met cho ca phuong nam ngang va thang dung.
- Mang cap se duoc lap dat hoan chnh truoc khi bat ky soi cap nao duoc keo trong mang
va so cap chua trong mang co he so su dung khong vuot qua 45%. Cap di trong mang se
duoc bo va dai lai bang day dai nhua va khung kep. Phai dam bao su lien ket hieu qua
vao he thong noi dat.
6.5.3. Moi noi va dau noi cap
- Nha thau se hoan toan chiu trach nhiem trong viec lam kn va xu ly moi noi cap bao
gom viec lap rap va noi ket cap.
- Viec noi va lam kn se duoc thuc hien phu hop voi thuc te dong dien lo n nhat va chuyen
sau co dien. O nhung noi vo bao boc duoc su dung nhu day dan noi da t, th cac dau giu
cap va dai la can thiet cho be mat tiep xuc de tao nen duong dan dien tro nho khi xay ra
su co.
6.6. Tu dien chnh va tu dien phan phoi:
- Cac tu dien chnh va tu phan phoi la loai tu sat son tnh dien ton day 2mm, la loai tu
dung co chan de va loai treo tuong. Cac tu phai chong duoc am uot, kn nuoc, bui va deu
la loai tu co 2 lop cua, co khoa. Bo thanh cai thanh dong co tiet dien tuong ung voi dong
dien tong cua MCCB tong.Lap dat tren cac bo gia do co khoang cach thch hop sao cho
chiu duoc luc va dap co kh, anh huong ve nhiet do va luc dien dong khi xay ra ngan
mach. Co boc cach dien va phan biet mau giua cac pha de tranh nham lan. Tu dien chnh
phai co bo say chong a m, chieu sang thao tac. Phan dieu khien cung co cac thiet bi nhu
relay qua dong, relay qua/thap ap, relay cham dat, bao ve mat pha, nghich pha. Tat ca
cac loai thiet bi dong cat va dieu khien la loai tieu chuan thong dung va dat yeu cau ky
thuat de thuan tien cho viec thay the.
- Tu dien phai duoc dat trong moi truong da duoc lam mat va phu hop voi tieu chuan cua
nha san xuat cac thiet bi dat ben trong tu de tranh su tac dong sai ngoai y muon.
- Tu dien phai duoc tie p dat an toan ca phan tnh va phan di dong de dam bao tnh an
toan cho con nguoi khi tiep xuc van hanh.
6.6.1. Tu dien chnh
- Thie t bi dong cat cong suat lon ( MCCB) se duoc san xuat theo chuan IEC 947-2, duoc
nhiet doi hoa hoan toan va se la loai nhiet - tu voi dac tnh thoi gian nghich cho viec bao
ve chong lai qua tai va dac tnh thoi gian xac dinh cho dong ngan mach, dong cat Ics se
khong nho hon 45 KA o 380 V. Tat ca MCCB se co dinh muc Ics la 100% Icu.
- He thong thanh cai se bao gom thanh cai dau vao, cap nguon chnh, cac phan re nhanh
ngo ra. Kha nang mang dong cua thanh cai pha se chu y den kha nang chiu ung suat nhiet
do hien tuong ngan ma ch, khi gia dinh vo tu lam bang vat lieu tu tnh dat trong phong
thong gio tot va nhie t do sau cung 90
o
C. Kch co cua thanh cai trung tnh phu hop voi
dung luong dong dien trung tnh dau vao. Thanh cai noi dat bao ve co kch co toi thieu
50% cua dinh muc dong dien chiu dung ngan ma ch trong suot thoi gian ngan mach.
6.6.2. Tu dien phan phoi.

14
- Tu dien phan phoi se tuan theo tieu chuan BS, khong gian du phong se duoc de rieng
trong moi tu dien phan phoi de tang so mach dien tai toi thieu la 20% so voi mach da ch
ra trong ban ve vasu dung cac tam che thch hop cho khong gian du phong trong lan lap
dat dau tien.
- Moi tu phan phoi se ta p hop mot thiet bi dong ngat cong suat lon (MCCB) dau vao, tat
ca cac phan mang dien se che chan thch hop do do khong co kha nang cham vao no khi
tu dien duoc mo. Thanh trung tnh se co du so luong tram noi day. Tat ca cac tu phan phoi
se duoc cung cap tram noi dat.
- Tram noi cap dau vao se duoc cung cap tai dau cuoi cua thanh cai, viec bo tr nhu the
khong the tao ra tiep xuc giua chung vacac mach khac hoac voi vo tu. Cac dau noi cua
cap se dung kieu kep e p hay dau ghim han, nhu the cac dau cap ben co the duoc nen
chat. Cac pha cua thanh cai se duoc nhan dang bang mau cua ong lot PVC hoac son.
- Tu phan phoi se duoc bo tr sao cho tat ca viec dau noi de dang tu pha mat truoc cua tu.
Tu co khoang trong du de cho cap dau ra sap xep nam giua mat sau tu va thanh cai/thiet
bi dong ngat. Tat ca cap se duoc bo thanh bo bang day dai nhua va se duoc lap ngan nap
va he thong.
- Ban liet ke tuyen cap se duoc cung cap in ra tre n giay va lap o mat sau cua tu.
- Tat ca thiet bi dong ngat cong suat nho (MCB) su dung cho den va mach phu tai cuoi
nguon se co dong cat duoc ch ra trong ban ve.
6.7.He thong ngat dien dieu khien:
- Cac tu dien, bang dien phan phoi dung ngat dien tu dong MCCB, MCB chat luong cao.
Co he thong bao ve tu nha nhiet.
6.8. He thong tiep dat trung tnh va mach bao ve.
- Day trung tnh cua die n ap 380/220V se duoc noi dat trung tnh ngay tai tram bien the.
6.9. He thong tiep dat an toan:
- He thong noi da t se duoc thiet ke theo tieu chuan Viet Nam (TCVN) va IEEE80. toan
bo cac phan tnh toan he thong no i dat deu duoc ap dung theo tieu chuan IEEE80, cac ket
qua tnh toan se doi chie u voi TCVN.
- He thong tiep da t phai dam bao cac yeu cau:
+ Gioi han anh huong cua dien the tiep xuc va dien ap buoc sao cho khong gay nguy
hiem den nguoi va thiet bi duoi moi dieu kien van hanh bnh thuong va bat thuong.
+ am bao cho dieu khien, thong tin kien lac. lam viec an toan va tin cay.
+ An toan cho cac thiet bi lam viec.
6.10. Pham vi thiet ke:
- He thong tiep dat an toan duoc thuc hien go m toi thieu 8 coc tiep dia hoac hon bang
dong co kch thuoc D16-L=2400, cac coc tie p dia duoc lien ket ba ng day dong tran
70mm .
- Day tiep dat chnh tie t dien 120mm
2
boc cach dien PVC duoc noi den thanh tie p dat
chnh cua tu dien MSB ,cac tu dien tang mach dong luc deu co day noi dat di kem, cac
thiet bi bang kim loa i trong toa nha cung duoc tiep dat an toan.
- ien tro cua he thong tiep dat < 4 ohm , tuy theo dieu kien dia ly va thuc te tai cong
trnh de co the thuc hien cac bien phap bo sung khi do dac khong dat gia tri dien tro dat
neu tren.

15
- Thuc hien viec kiem tra dien tro he thong tiep dat thuong xuyen (Gia tri dien tro do
duoc truoc mua mua co the xem la gia tri chnh xac).
6.11. Mach do luong va bao ve:
- He thong bao ve se duoc lua chon va phoi ho p de dam bao cac yeu cau bao ve thiet bi
chong lai su hu hong co the xay ra do cac nguyen nhan sau:
Moi truong van hanh, ngan mach ben trong hoac ben ngoai, qua tai, sut ap, qua ap, ma t
pha, nghich pha, tan so dao dong manh, dong dien dao chieu.
- am bao rang he tho ng van hanh lien tuc khong bi anh huong boi bat kysu co nao va
phai an toan cho nguoi va thiet bi. V the cac thiet bi bao ve va cac ro le duoc lua chon va
phoi hop thch hop dong thoi hoat dong dong bo voi nhau.
- Cac thiet bi do luong duoc trang bi va giam sat tat ca cac thong so lie n quan nhu dong
dien, dien ap, cong suat, tan so, he so cong suat.
- Trong qua trnh van hanh neu co su co xay ra th he thong bao ve phai tac dong va dam
bao sao cho muc mat dien trong pham vi la nho nhat va thiet ha i la tha p nhat. Can kiem
tra tnh lam viec an toa n cua he thong bao ve thuong xuyen de phat hien va thay the kip
thoi nhung phan tu hu hong trong he thong. am bao he thong hoat dong an toan trong
suot qua trnh su dung.
6.12. May phat dien du phong.
6.12.1. Pham vi cong viec
- Tieu chuan nay bao gom viec cung cap, giao hang, lap dat, chong on, thong gio, kiem
tra va chay thu mot bo may phat dien du phong hoan chnh, tu dieu khien, cap noi, bo ac
qui cung voi nhung phu kien can thiet khac va cong tac lap dat.
6.12.2. Tong quan
- May phat dien duoc dung de cung cap nguon trong truong hop nguon chnh bi mat dien.
No se o che do lien tuc va san sang khoi dong khi nhan duoc tn hieu khoi dong hoac van
hanh trong che do dieu khien bang tay tai cho.
- Cong suat dinh muc cua may phat da ch ra trong ban ve la cong suat lien tuc
(cotinueus)
- Bo may phat dien se duoc lap len khung chiu luc chac chan, nha may da kiem tra va lap
rap dam bao viec lien ket dong truc hoan chnh giua dong co va dau phat dien. Bo may
nay se duoc lap len khung de chac chan lam bang thep cuon voi bo lo xo chong rung dam
bao khong co su truyen rung dong tu bo may phat xuong khung de va cac bo phan lien
ket khac. Tat ca cac thiet bi se lam viec bnh thuong va phu hop voi moi truong nong am
co nhiet do xung quanh khoang 36
O
C.
- May phat dien se cap nguon thong qua hai bo chuyen doi tu dong trong truong hop
nguon dien luoi bi ma t. Cap dien se noi giua may phat va tu dien chnh
- Mot he thong noi dat rieng biet se duoc cung cap bao gom thanh noi dat, day noi dat,
dien cuc, v.v.. co gia tri cua dien tro dat khong vuot qua 4.
6.12.3. Tieu chuan:
- Bo may phat dien thong thuong se duoc thiet ke, che tao, chay thu tuan theo voi tieu
chuan BS va nhung chnh ly sau cung:
- BS 649/58 : ong co diesel
- BS 2869/20 : Dau nhien lieu

16
- BS 5000/Part 99/73 : au phat dien
- BS 833/70 : Nhieu song vo tuyen
6.12.4. Dong co diesel
- ong co se la loai cong nghiep, lam mat bang nuoc va thiet ke cho che do van hanh lien
tuc theo tieu chuan BS 649/58. ong co se su dung dau nhien lieu theo tieu chuan BSS
2869/70 va se duoc giam do on den muc toi thieu va tuan theo tieu chuan TCVN
5964:1995; TCVN 5965:1995VN TCVN 6399:1998/ISO 1996/2:1987. Mot dong ho dem
thoi gian van hanh se duoc lap tren dong co de ghi lai so gio da van hanh.
6.12.5. Bo khoi dong
- Bo khoi dong se la mot bo khoi dong dien kieu truc quay su dung bnh a c qui ch 24V co
kha nang lam viec o cuo ng do cao.
6.12.6. Bo giai nhiet may
- Nuoc giai nhiet dong co se duoc tuan hoan boi mot bom ly tam di qua bo giai nhiet duoc
lam mat boi mot quat gio truc quay. Khi qua nhiet do may phat phai du ng tu dong. Tren
tu dieu khien co den bao loi khi may phat dung hoat dong do co qua nhiet nuoc lam mat,
mot dong ho do nhiet do nuoc duoc lap dat de ch thi nhiet do.
6.12.7. Su boi tron may
- Su boi tron may se do he thong dau boi tron co ap luc bom khap dong co toi bo trao doi
nhiet do mot may bom dau noi voi bo phan dau lap san. Toan bo cac bo loc dau nhon
lam bang cac bo phan co the thao ro i se duoc cung cap de de dang thao lap. Bo phan phat
hien dau boi tron o ap suat thap phai duoc lap dat de ngung may khan cap. Tren tu dieu
khien co den bao loi su co dung may do ap suat dau thap, mot dong ho ap suat se duoc
lap dat.
6.12.8. Bo dieu toc
- Bo dieu toc se la loai thuy luc Woodward kieu SGX, va thch hop cho duy tr toc do
dong co khong doi trong gioi han da ch ra trong BSS 649/58 cap A2. Mot dong ho bao
toc do se duoc cung cap va mot bo tu dong dung may do qua toc do phai duoc cung cap.
6.12.9. He thong thoat kh thai
- Mot bo giam thanh thuong truc phai duoc cung cap trong he thong thoat kh thai. Bo
giam thanh va ong khoi se duoc bao boc bang soi thuy tinh va/hoac soi si li cat can
xi.uong knh ong khoi phai dam bao ky thuat khi ong khoi dan di xa (mai cong trnh)
6.12.10. Bon nhien lieu
- Bon nhien lieu se cung cap cho bon nhien lieu ngay dat tai phong may phat. Cac diem
tiep nhan dau duoc dat gan pham vi tuong rao o vi tr xe bon chua ra vao duoc.
6.12.11. Cong tac ong dan
- Tat ca cong tac ong dan cho he thong nuoc, dau nhon, dau nhien lieu se duoc thiet ke
thch hop voi bo tr tieu chuan mot he thong giai nhiet duoc dat tren chan de thep va se
duoc noi den cac bo phan cua may phat bang ong mem.
6.12.12.Bo lo xo chong rung
- Bo nay se la loai chan de (loai lap may) hoac bat ky kieu nao do nha tu van de xuat.
6.12.13. Vo boc dau phat dien
- Vo boc se la loai co luoi bao ve va chong tia nuoc theo tieu chuan BSS 5000: phan
99/73.

17
6.12.14. Vat lieu cach dien
- Vat lieu cach dien se la cap F va se duoc tha m hoan toan vao day quan de dung trong
moi truong nhiet doi am khong kh o nhiet do xung quanh 36
O
C. Day quan stato va ro to
cua dau phat va kch tu se co lop men phu chong dau.
6.12.15.Cac bo dem
- Se co mot hay hai bo dem de dam bao viec lie n ket dong truc hoan chnh trong moi dieu
kien. Cac bo dem se duoc dong goi san voi lop dau nhon bao ve.
6.12.16. Bo dieu chnh dien the
- Mot bo dieu chnh die n the dap ung nhanh se duoc cung cap de dieu chnh dien ap pha t
ra. Bo dieu chnh toan bo tu khong tai den day tai, bao gom viec thay doi tu lanh sang
nong va he so cong suat 0.8(tre pha) se khong vuot qua 2% dien the danh dinh. He thong
kch tu se duoc thiet ke de xuc tien nhanh su phuc hoi dien dien the sau khi dong hoac
ngat tai. ien the se ho i phuc trong gioi han 3% gia tri xac lap trong 0,35 giay sau khi
dong hoac ngat tai. Muc dien the bi sut thoang qua khi mang day tai se la nho hon 20%.
6.12.17. Kha nang ngan mach
- au phat dien se chiu duoc dieu kien ngan ma ch 3 pha ma khong gay hu hai.
6.12.18. Su tang nhiet do
- Su tang nhiet do se theo tieu chuan BSS 5000 phan 99/763 cho lop cach dien phu hop o
nhiet do xung quanh 36
o
C
6.12.19. Su nhieu song vo tuyen
- Su triet tieu nhieu song vo tuyen se theo tieu chuan BS 833/70.
6.12.20. Hnh dang song
- Hnh dang song dien the tu pha den pha se theo tieu chuan BSS 5000 phan 99/73.
6.12.21. Cac chuc nang tu dong
- May phat dien se duoc ket hop voi cac chuc nang tu dong hoan chnh cung voi cac den
ch thi.
21.1 Dung may do nhiet do lam mat cao.
21.2 Dung may do qua toc do.
21.3 Dung may do ap suat dau boi tron thap.
21.4 Dung may do cham dat.
21.5 Dung may do qua tai tre n bat ky pha nao hoac toan bo cac pha.
21.6 Bao dong am thanh va hien thi tren tu dieu khien de ch thi viec du ng
may do bat ky cac ly do da de cap o tren gay ra.
21.7 Viec giam sat dien the chnh - dien the chnh se duoc giam sat tren ca 3
pha. Trong truong hop mat ca/hoac bat ky pha nao th ba t dau kho i dong
may phat sau khi dam bao su khoa han nguon dien chnh.
21.8 Khoi dong lap lai - mot bo xu ly khoi dong lap lai 3 lan se duoc lap vao tu.
21.9 Khoi dong that bai - ne u dong co khong khoi dong sau khi co gang khoi
dong theo so lenh qui dinh, may phat duoc la p mot he thong tu dong se
ngan can lai bat ky viec khoi dong tiep theo va o cung thoi diem nay mot
bao dong bang am thanh va hien thi bao rang may dang dung nhu qui dinh
trong cac muc tu 21.1 de n 21.5 o tren.

18
21.10 Viec chuyen tai - tai se ch duoc chuyen mach sang nguon may phat khi
bo chuyen doi tu dong (ATS) trong tu dien chnh duoc chuyen doi.
21.11 May phat dien dat dien the dinh muc sau 10 giay sau khi khoi dong may.
21.12 Viec giam sat dien the may phat - dien the cua may phat se duoc giam sat
lien tuc tren 3 pha. Neu dien the sut xuong duo i 10% gia tri, thiet bi do ng
ngat may phat se bi mo va loi may phat bao bang ch thi va am thanh. Dan
den viec ket noi nguon tu dong cua may phat se bi khoa.Mot tn hieu hien
thi cung duoc lap dat de bao trang thai nay.
21.13 Khoi phuc dien luo i -ngay khi dien luoi kho i phuc lai, cong tac to du
phong bi ngat va cong tac to nguon dien luoi tham gia tu dong vao viec
ngat nguon cua may phat va noi lai nguon dien luoi voi tai.
21.14 Chuc nang delay return- mot bo chnh thoi gian tr hoan (0 den 30 giay) de
ngan can may phat ngung chay trong truong hop nguon dien luoi co tro lai
trong thoi gian ngan.
21.15 Dung cham- sau khi noi tai lai nguon dien chnh, may phat voi tai bi ngat
ra se tiep tuc van hanh trong 5 phut truoc khi du ng han.
21.16 Dung khan cap - mot nut nhan dung khan cap thuc hien viec ngat toan bo
may phat dien du phong, ngung may phat va khoa he thong tu dong se
duoc lap dat trong he thong.
21.17 Cong tac chuyen doi chuc nang hoat dong - mot cong tac chuyen doi se
duoc cung cap cho cac chuc nang hoat dong sau:
21.17.1 Khoi dong/dung may bang tay - dung khi chay thu va bao tr
may.
21.17.2 Van hanh tu dong.
21.17.3 Kiem tra khong tai - dung de thu chuc nang hoat dong may phat
dien khong noi voi phu tai. Thoi gian thu se cham dut tu dong
bang mot bo dinh th va duoc chnh lon hon 15 phut. Bat ky trang
thai loi hoac khong bnh thuong xay ra trong khi thu se dan den
bao dong nhu ch ra trong cac muc tu 21.1 den 21.5 o tren.
21.18 Bao ve cham dat - may phat se duoc cung cap mot he thong bao ve cham
dat cung voi den ch thi the hien o muc dung may phat do lo i cham dat o
tren.
6.12.22. Tu dieu khien
- Tu dieu khien se duoc thiet ke cho van hanh hoan toan tu dong trong luc mat nguon
dien luoi va se bao gom cac thiet bi sau
22.1 ong ho do von, kch thuoc 100 mm, kieu kn cung voi cong tac lua cho n 3
vi tr.
22.2 ong ho do am pe, kch thuoc 100 mm, kieu kn cung voi cac bien dong
va cong tac lua chon pha.
22.3 ong ho do tan so, kch thuoc 100 mm, kieu kn.
22.4 Thiet bi dong ngat tong (MCCB) voi dong dien dinh muc phu hop theo
dong dien toi uu cua ma y phat.
22.5 May bien dong phat hie n qua tai.

19
22.6 Ro le bao ve cham dat va thiet bi phu tro.
22.7 Bo sac pin tu dong co gan dong ho am pe.
22.8 Thiet bi kho i dong tu do ng.
22.9 Ro le cam bien dien the luoi va thiet bi phu tro.
22.10 Ro le cam bien dien the dau phat dien va thiet bi phu tro.
22.11 Ro le khoi dong lap lai va thiet bi phu tro.
22.12 Ro le kiem tra may o che do bang tay va thiet bi phu tro.
22.13 Viec dieu khien khoi dong va dung may phat tai cho va cac thiet bi
dieu khien dung may phat khi ap suat dau boi tron thap, nhiet do bo lam
mat cao, chay qua toc do, qua tai, cham dat co den ch thi, bong den bao va
tram noi day cho viec ch thi tu xa trang thai chay, chay co tai va bao
loi.
22.14 Cac den ch thi.
22.15 Cau ch HRC cho mach dieu khien va thie t bi.
22.16 en ch thi trang thai qua tai co nut nhan phuc hoi.
22.17 Cong tac lua chon chuc nang che do chay tay, tu dong, dung va
kiem tra.
6.12.23. Van hanh
- Ro le cam bien nguo n dien luoi se khong ch phat hien luc dien luoi bi mat ma con
cho tnh huong luoi dien bi sut hon 10%. Khi mot trong tnh huong nay xay ra, no phai
tac dong ngat cong tac to dien luoi va se khoi dong may phat cung voi viec dong cong
tac to may phat dien.
6.12.24. Cong tac lap dat
- May phat dien se duo c lap dat tren be mong be tong. Toan bo cong tac lap dat, bao
gom he thong thoat kh thai se khong truyen bat ky su rung dong den toa nha trong dieu
kien lam viec bnh thuo ng.
6.12.25. Thu nghiem
- Nha thau se tnh ca den chi ph cho viec thu nghiem hoan chnh cong tac lap dat. Nha
thau cung se chiu trach nhiem cung cap bon chua dau, dau noi cap dien, v.v., tat ca cac
tnh nang bao ve cung se duoc kiem tra. Mot ban bao cao thu nghiem se duoc trnh
duyet ngay sau khi hoa n chnh ket qua nghiem thu voi mot bang so lieu thu nghiem co
xac nhan ro rang.
6.12.26. Dac tnh ky thuat
- Tat ca chi tiet ve dac tnh dong co, dau phat dien, thiet bi dieu khien, ban ve mat bang
va tai lieu ve ta t ca thong so ky thuat phai duoc de trnh.
6.12.27. Cap va hop noi
- Nha thau se tnh ca vie c cung cap va lap dat cap va hop noi cho duong cap vao va ra.
6.12.28. Cong tac lap dat cap
- Hop dong nay se bao gom viec cung cap va la p dat cap tu may phat den tu dien chnh
. Cap dien se duoc do bang khay cap hoac thang cap hoac nhu ch ra trong ban ve .
6.12.29. Noi dat cho may phat
29.1 May phat dien se duoc noi voi coc tiep dat lap trong phong may phat die n.
29.2 ien tro dat se tuan theo qui dinh cua co quan chuc nang dia phuong.

20
6.12.30.Cong tac bao hanh
- Nha thau se bao hanh trong thoi gian 1 nam ke tu ngay chay thu va chap thuan may
phat, bat ky su hong hoc nao xay ra se duoc nhanh chong khac phuc mien ph.
6.12.31. Bon chua nguyen lieu ngay
- Mot bon chua nguyen lieu ngay co dung tch 500 lt se duoc cung cap cho may phat.
Bon nhien lieu se duoc bao ve thch hop chong lai su r set ben trong va ben ngoai. Mot
bo do muc dau bang ong thuy tinh co bao ve se duoc cung cap de do muc dau trong bon
dau. Cong tac duong ong dan, gia do thch hop cho viec noi den bon chua se duoc trien
khai.
6.12.32. Ong thoat kh
- Ong thoat kh, khop noi gian no, gia do va vat lieu cach am se duoc cung cap va lap
dat theo de nghi tu nha san xuat may phat va dat yeu cau cua co quan chuc nang.
6.12.33. Thong gio
- Tnh toan kiem tra thong gio va cach am phong mai phat dung yeu cau ky thuat do
nha thau cung cap.
* Nha thau se de trnh giay chung nhan kiem nghiem mot cach chi tie t ve tat ca cac loai
vat tu cung cap cho chap thuan truoc khi nha sa n xuat gui vat tu den cong truong
7 - BIEN PHAP THI CONG:
- Thi cong dung theo quy trnh ky thuat an toa n dien, cac quy dinh hien hanh ve viec
dong cat dien thi cong.
- ang ky voi ien Luc Khu Vuc ke hoach co ng tac, thi cong theo trnh tu da dang ky
trong phieu cong tac, phieu thao tac.
- Cat dien cac nhanh xung quanh khu vuc thi cong, tiep dia hai dau pha n doan cong tac.
Thi cong theo tung khu vuc de han che viec cat dien nhung khu vuc kha c khong can thiet.
-Thi cong can dam bao tuan thu dung thiet ke, truong hop tro nga i kho ng thi cong duoc
de nghi don vi thi cong lam viec ngay voi don vi thiet ke de co phuong an tot nhat nham
dam bao tien do va chat luong cong trnh.
- Trong qua trnh thi co ng neu co ba t ky phat sinh nao so voi thiet ke de nghi don vi thi
cong thuc hien theo dung tieu chuan cua nganh lien quan.
- Can phai phoi hop cung cac don vi thi cong cac hang muc khac cua cong trnh de cung
giai quyet cac vuong ma c nay sinh neu co.
- He thong dien cho co ng trnh CHUNG CU TAN HOA ONG duoc de nghi bien phap
thi cong nhu sau :
1) au noi mach dien theo su phan pho i tu so do nguyen ly chi tie t. Can chu y su
phan bo cong suat tung pha va tung mach theo ban ve so do nguyen ly cung cap
dien. Trong thuc te thi cong can do dac va hie u chnh sao cho chenh lenh dong
dien giua cac pha khong qua 10% pha lon nhat.
2) Lap cac bien bao tai cac noi khu vuc thi cong, khu vuc co nguy hiem pha i rao chan
can than, thi cong ban dem phai dat den chieu sang.
3) Trong suot qua trnh thi cong phai tuan thu theo thiet ke , tuyet doi dam bao an
toan lao dong, luon co nguoi giam sat an toan.
4) Noi day tiep dat vao ta t ca cac thiet bi dien va cac vo kim loai co kha nang dan
dien nhu den, quat, o ca m, may nuoc nong, tu ba ng dien..

21
5) Thuc hien he thong tie p dat va dua vao tu dien chnh MSB. ien tro bai tiep dat
phai nho hon 4 Ohm.
6) Mach den va o cam phai tach roi nhau.
7) Su dung loai o cam 3 chau co noi dat an toan.
8) Bang dien, cong tac, o cam phong ve sinh phai dat cach san hoan thien 1,5m.
9) Tat ca cac o cam con lai dat cach san 0,3m.
10) Tat ca cac day cap dien phai di trong ong, thang cap hay mang cap. Tuyet doi
khong duoc noi cap ngoai hop noi ky thuat.
11) Viec keo day se dung theo phuong phap loop-in loop-out. Phuong phap noi day re
nhanh khong duoc su dung trong hop dong nay.

22
VII. HE THONG CAP THOAT NUOC:
A. HE THONG TIEU CHUAN AP DUNG:
- TCVN 3989:1985 He thong tai lieu thiet ke xay dung cap nuoc va thoat nuoc. Mang
luoi ben ngoai. Ban ve thi cong.
- TCVN 4036:1985 He thong tai lieu thiet ke xa y dung. Ky hieu duong ong tren he thong
ky thuat ve sinh.
- TCVN 4474:1987 Thoat nuoc ben trong. Tieu chuan thiet ke.
- TCVN 4513:1988 Cap nuoc ben trong. Tieu chuan thiet ke.
- TCVN 4615:1988 He thong tai lieu thie t ke xay dung. Ky hieu quy uoc trang thiet bi ky
thuat ve sinh.
- TCVN 5673:1992 He thong tai lieu thiet ke xa y dung. Cap thoat nuoc ben trong. Ho so
ban ve thi cong.
- TCVN 5760:1993 He thong chua chay. Yeu cau chung ve thiet ke, lap dat va su dung.
- TCVN 2622:1995 Pho ng chay, chong chay cho nha va cong trnh. Yeu cau thiet ke.
- TCVN 6077:1995 Ban ve nha va cong trnh xa y dung. Lap dat.
(ISO 4067/2:1980) Phan 2: Ky hieu quy uoc cac thiet bi ve sinh.
- TCVN 6160:1996 Pho ng chay chua chay. Nha cao tang. Yeu cau thiet ke.
- TCXD 51:1984 Thoat nuoc. Mang luoi ben ngoai va cong trnh. Tieu chuan thiet ke.
- TCXD 33:1985 Cap nuoc. Mang luoi ben ngoai va cong trnh. Tieu chuan thiet ke.
- TCVN 6379:1998 Thiet bi chua chay-Tru nuo c chua chay-Yeu cau ky thuat.
- TCVN 7336:2003 Pho ng chay chua chay-he thong Sprinkler tu dong-Yeu cau
thiet ke va lap dat.
PHAN I: THUYET MINH CHUNG
B. CAP NUOC:
Cac hang muc dung nuoc bao gom:
- Khu sinh hoat cong dong (tang tre t)
- Khu can ho.
- Phong chay chua chay.
- Tuoi co, rua duong
- So nguoi khu can ho va phuc vu: 950 nguoi.
1. Lu lng tnh toan cap nc:
Thiet bi ve sinh bao go m: X bet:262 bo, Lavabo:262bo, Chau rua nha bep:200 bo, Voi
nuoc:203 bo, sen tam dung:260 bo.
Cong thuc ap dung:
- Luu luong giay: q= 0.2x(N+KN)
(1/a)
(l/s)
Trong do: N: tong duong luong
K,a: he so phu thuoc vao tong duong luong va tieu chuan
dung nuoc
2. Lu lng thoat nc:
- Luu luong thoat : Q
tn
= 80% Q
cap

C. THOAT NUOC:
I. Thoat nuoc mai nha:
Cong thuc ap dung:Q = K.F.q
5
/10000 (l/s)

23
Trong do: he so K=2, F: la dien tch mai nha, q
5
: cuong do mua sau 5 phut
II. Thoat nuoc mang ngoai:
Cong thuc ap dung:Q = .F.q (l/s)
- Trong do : : he so phu thuoc vao loai mat phu
F: la dien tch tnh toan
q: luu luong don vi (l/s/ha)
q = [(20+b)
n
.q
20
.(1+C.lgP)]/(t+b)
n

P: chu ky tran cong
t: thoi gian tnh toan
C,b,n,q
20
: theo tai lieu quan trac cua tram do mua Tan Son Nhat.
III. Tnh toan dung tch be tu hoai:
- Ap dung cong thuc tnh nhu sau:
W=Wn + Wc
Trong do:
W: Dung tch cua be tu hoai (m
3
).
Wn: The tch phan nuoc cua be, lay bang 2-3 la n luong nuoc ngay dem chay vao be
(m
3
).
Wc:The tich can cua be (m
3
).
Tri so Wc duoc xac dinh theo cong thuc sau:
Wc = N
W
c b W T a
*
1000 * ) 100 ([
] * * ) 100 ( * [
2
1
(m
3
)
Trong do:
a: Luong can trung bnh cu a mot nguoi thai ra trong thoi gian mot ngay.
T: Thoi gian giua 2 lan lay can (ngay)
W
1
, W
2
: o an can tuoi vao be va cua can khi len men, tuong ung la 95%, 90%.
b: He so ke den do giam the tch cua can khi len men (giam 30%) va lay ba ng 0.7
c: He so ke den viec de lai mot phan can da len men khi hut can de giu lai vi sinh
vat giup cho qua trnh le n men can duoc nhanh chong, de dang de lai 20%, c = 1.2
N: so nguoi ma be phuc vu.
D. CHON VAT LIEU:
I. He thong cap nuoc:
- Ong cap len bon ma i, ong cap cuu hoa, ong ca p cuu hoa tu dong cac bu am tuong: chon
ong thep trang kem voi ap luc thu 12 Kg/Cm2, ap luc lam viec 10 Kg/Cm2.
- Ong cap mang ngoai chon ong uPVC voi ap luc thu 9 Kg/Cm2, ap luc lam viec 6
Kg/Cm2; Ong cap nuoc den can ho va thiet bi ve sinh trong can ho: PP-R, ap luc thu 12
Kg/Cm2, ap luc lam viec 10 Kg/Cm2.
II. He thong thoat nuoc mang ngoai:
- Ong thoa t nuoc mua dung ong BTCT quay ly tam doi vo i ong 300 den 600. oi voi
ong thoat nuoc ban chon ong HDPE gan.
- He thong ho ga thu nuoc mat va thu nuoc thai chon vat lieu be tong va be tong cot thep.
PHAN II: TNH TOAN CHI TIET:
1. PHAN CAP NUOC:

24
Can cu tieu chuan: Cap nuoc trong nha : TCVN 4513-88
Cap nuo c mang ngoai : 20TCN-33-85
- He thong cap nuoc sinh hoa t cho cong trnh nhu sau :

Bom

ong ho nuoc Be ngam

Ho nuo c ma i

Cap cac khu ve sinh va cac nhu cau khac
A Nhu cau dung nuoc khu can ho:
- So can ho:n = 200(can)
- So nguoi dung nuoc:N
1
= 800(Nguoi)
- Tieu chuan dung nuoc: q
ngy
= 150 (l/nguoi/ngay)
- Nuoc sinh hoat khoi can ho: Q
1
= 120 (m3)
- So nguoi thuoc khoi dich vu: N
2
= 150 (Nguoi)
- Tieu chuan dung nuoc: q
ngy
= 25 (l/nguoi/ngay)
- Nuoc sinh hoat khoi dich vu: Q
2
= 3.75(m3)
B Nuoc tuoi cay-rua duong:
- Nuoc rua san: Q6 = 2.25 (m3)
C Nhu cau nuoc chua chay:
- Dien tch san xay dung: S = 796(m2)
- So voi phun hoat dong dong thoi : 2(voi)
- Dung tch chua chay sprinkler 10 phu t: Q2= 4.8 (m3)
- Dung tch chua chay vach tuong 10 phut: Q3 = 3 (m3)
- Dung tch chua chay vach tuong 3 gio: Q4
1
= 54 (m3)
- Dung tch chua chay sprinkler 30 phu t: Q5=14 (m3)
- Dung tch chua chay vach tuong 3 gio va he so phuc hoi be chua la 0,5: Q4 = 81 (m3)
TONG HOP:
- Luu luong nuoc dung cho sinh hoat: Q
sh
= 126(m3)
- Dung tch be nuoc phu c vu sinh hoat: W
sh
= 1,2xQ
sh
(m3) = 151,2 (m3)
- Luu luong nuoc dung cho sinh hoat: Q
cc
= 81(m3)
- Dung tch be nuoc phu c vu chua chay: W
cc
= 1,2xQ
cc
= 97,2 (m3)
- Dung tch be ngam: W1 = W
sh
+ W
cc
= 248,4 (m3)
Chon be nuoc ngam co dung tich = 250(m3)
Dung tch dieu hoa cua be mai: W
bm
= 1,2xQ
sh
/n + Q
cc

Trong do:
- n : so lan dong mo bom trong ngay (n=2).
- Q
cc
: Dung tch du tru 10 phut dau cho chua chay.

25
W
bm
= 1,2x151,2/2 + 3= 93,72 (m3)
Chon 2 be nuoc tren mai co tong dung tch la 100(m3), moi be co dung tch
60(m3) va be 40(m3) phuc vu cho sinh hoat cua toan cong trnh.
D. Lua chon Bom cap nuoc:
Bang 1: Thong ke thiet b u!ng nc "hu #
STT THIET BI VE SINH TONG
1 Lavabo 262
2 X bet 262
3 Chau rua nha bep 200
5 Tieu nam 1
6 Sen tam dung 260
7 Voi lay nuoc D15 203

Bang 2: Tnh toan $ng lng khu #
STT THIET BI VE SINH S.Luong N Tong
1 Lavabo 262 0.33 86.46
2 X bet 262 0.5 131
3 Chau rua nha bep 200 1 200
5 Tieu nam 1 0.4 0.4
6 Sen tam dung 260 1.5 390
7 Voi lay nuoc D15 203 1 203
1010.86
- Luu luong giay toa nha : q = 6,83(l/s) lua chon ong dung cap nuoc uPVC D65/90.
- Luu luong gio: qgio = 24,5 (m3/h)
Tong luong nuoc dung trong 1 ngay la 80 m
3
, dung 2 bom cho 2 ho nuoc mai (1 bom hoat
dong, 1 bom du phong de tien quan ly ).
Nguon cap tu Thanh pho cap vao 100/114 vao be chua 250m
3
, tu do duoc bom nuoc len
2 bon inox 40 m
3
.
- Can cu luu luong tren , ta chon thoi gian bom la 3,2 gio day hai ho nuoc 80m(4 lan bom
/1ngay) va bom co cac tnh nang nhu sau :
- Luu luong bom : Qb = 6,85 l/s = 25m/gio .
-Chon ong day cua bom 65/76 voi h = 0.147 , v = 2.5m/s , ong hut 100/114
Chieu dai doan ong day L = 120m
Chieu cao doan ong day H = 70m
Hb = Htt + Hcb + Hz + Htd
= 0.147 x 120 + 30%(0.147 x120) + 70 + 4
= 120.199 m do vay chon Hb=120m
- Tnh nang cua bom : Qb = 40 m
3
/h; Hday = 120m; Hhut = 5m ; P > 25HP.

26
- Chung cu CT2 Tan Hoa ong co he thong bom nuoc gom 2 bom dien , 2 bom hoat dong
dong thoi cap nuoc len mai, hai bom chay luan phien.


27
1. PHAN THOAT NUOC:
D Dung tch be tu hoai:
- He thong thoat nuoc sinh hoat nhu sau :
Ham tu hoai
Nuoc thai tu x tieu

Nuoc thai tam rua
Ho ga thoat nuoc sinh hoat
- Luu luong thoat : Q
T
= Qc + Qdc max = 6,83 + 7 = 13.83 l/s
- Cac pheu san co dat them siphong de ngan mui
- Cac ho ga thoat nuoc thai duoc thiet ke nap kn.
Ta co tuyen cong thoat co duong knh 200 va 300 voi do doc dat ong la 5% ~4%
Cac ham tu hoai duoc thiet ke dat ngoai tang ha m.
- Khoi tch ham tu hoai (can cu so luong nguoi) duoc chia ra lam 2 ham.
- Khoi tch ham tu hoai (can cu so luong nguoi cho tung khoi nha) :
tong luong nguoi
Ho dan : 200 ho x 4nguoi x 100% = 800 luot nguoi
Bao ve , quan ly : 150 nguoi x 100% = 150 luot nguoi
= 950 luot nguoi
*Tnh dung tch be tu hoai :
Dung tch be tu hoai kieu lang tnh theo cong thuc sau :
W = Wn +Wb (m
3
)
Wn : dung tch phan nuoc cua be , lay bang 3 lan luu luong nuoc ngay dem chay vao
be .
Wb : dung tch phan bun cua be , tnh theo co ng thuc sau :
Wb = a.T.(100%- W
1
).b.c.N (m
3
)
(100% - W
2
) . 1000
trong do :
a - luong can lang trung bnh cua 1 nguoi trong 1 ngay , lay bang 0.70 - 0.80 lt.
T - thoi gian giua 2 lan lay can lang ra khoi be ( lay bang nam = 180 ngay)
W
1
- do am cua can lang tuoi khi vao be , thuong lay bang 95% .
W
2
- do am cua can lang da len men , thoi ru a khi ra be , lay bang 90%.
B - he so ke den do giam the tch cua can lang , da len men thoi ru a , lay bang 0.70
(giam 30%) .
c - he so viec de lai 1 phan can lang da le n men trong be de tang nhanh qua trng tu
hoai , thuong lay bang 1.2 (de lai 20%).
N - so nguoi ma be phuc vu = 950.
Vay : Wb = 0.8 x 180 x (100-95) x 0.70 x 950
(100 - 90) x 1000
= 47,88 (m
3
)
W
n
= 950 x 10 lt x 3 = 54000 lt = 28.5 m
3

Vay khoi tch tong cong :

28
W = 47,88 + 28.5 = 76,38 (m
3
)
Dung tch be xu ly nuoc thai duoc chon la 70m3 ( chia thanh 2 be, moi be co dung
luong 35m3). uoc thiet ke theo tieu chuan cua hoa cua Bo xay dung.
- Co bo tr cac ong hoi phu o cac ong thoat nuoc dung de giam ap luc trong ong.
- Nuoc thoat tu sinh hoat duoc thoat theo tuyen rieng ra cong thoat nuoc khu vuc (xem
quy hoach toan khu).
E Thoat nuoc mua mai nha:
Ta co cong thuc : Q = q..F (l/s)
voi q : cuong do mua tnh toan (l/s/ha)
: he so dong chay tnh toan
F : dien tch thu nuoc tnh toan (ha)
Voi q = 496 l/s/ha.
= 0.9 (mai bang ton )
Dien tch toan khu la : S = 81 x 40 = 3240 m
2

Ta co : Qm = 144,6 l/s
- Chon 2 ong thoat chnh 400 thoa t ra mang chung voi do doc dat ong i = 3 4%
- Nuoc mua san mai duoc thu vao cac ong 80/90 va 100/114 pvc ,va tu cac balcon vao
cac ong 80/90 thoat xuong tang tret , roi ra cong thoat nuoc mua mang chung .
- O tang ham co muong thu nuoc tai ram xe xuong roi dan truc tiep ra cong thoat nuoc
mua va ho thu nuoc thai san ham roi bom ra ho ga nuoc mua
- Nuoc mua tren mat sa n se thoat vao ho ga thu nuoc mat tu do thoat va o mang thoat
chung .
- Tuyen thoat nuoc mang chung la tuyen cong ngam betong cot thep .
III. YEU CAU KY THUAT CAP THOAT NUOC
I.Vat lieu va tay nghe .
- Tat ca cac thiet bi, vat tu va nhung vat lieu phu di kem duoc su dung trong cong hang
muc nay deu phai moi, va se phu hop rieng voi tieu chuan ky thuat va phai tuan theo su
yeu cau cua dia phuong.
- Nguoi thuc hien cong viec phai la nguoi gioi, du kha nang duoc giam sat boi nha thau
hoac nguoi dai dien co tham quyen.
- Mau thiet bi, vat tu va nguoi thuc hien se duoc trnh cho nguoi quan ly cong trnh duyet
truoc khi lap dat.
II. Gioi Thieu Ve Duong Ong :
1. Tong quat :
- Tat ca nhung ong, phu kien va gia do can thie t phu hop voi su van hanh cua he thong se
duoc cung cap va lap dat day du phu hop voi nhung cong viec khac, du co ch ro hay
khong tren ban ve hoac trong tai lieu ky thuat.
2. Cong viec lam sach :
- Tat ca ong va phu tung di kem se duoc lam sach ky luong truoc khi lap dat.
3. Su lap dat :
- Tat ca ong phai duoc cat hoac ren bang may va nhung ba vo ben ngoai ong phai duoc
cao sach. Khong duoc uon ong khi co cho ngoac. uong ong duoc lap dat phai tranh cac

29
hang muc khac. e kha c phuc nhung su tac nghen cua xay dung va cac hang muc khac
cho phep duoc dieu chnh nho tren cac duong ong khi can thiet, mac du nhung su dieu
chnh do co the khong trnh bay chi tiet tren ban ve.
4. Gia do :
- Tren ban ve khong co trnh bay chi tiet vi tr gia do o dau, nhung chac chan rang suc
chiu luc va kch co cua cac gia do ong se duoc tnh toan va thua nhan la phu hop.
Khoang cach cua cac gia do nam ngang va thang dung duoc trnh bay theo bang sau day
(tat ca kch co tnh bang mm)

Khoang cach Kch thuoc gia do
Co ong Ong uPVC Ong PP-R
15 1200 10
20 1200 10
25 1200 10
33 1200 10
40 1200 10
50 1200 10
65 1200 2000 12
80 2000 12
100 2000 3000 16
150 2500 20
5. Ong cho :
- Tat ca duong ong xuyen tuong hoac xuyen san se duoc lap dat ong cho cho su gian no
va thu nho nhung cu dong khac. Ong cho se duoc su dung bang ong sat trang kem va
duoc dat xuyen suot san ma diem cuoi cua ong cach san khong ton tai la 50mm. oi voi
tuong ong dat xuyen suo t nhung diem cuoi phai ngay bang voi mat tuong. Knh thuoc cua
ong cho duoc chon sao cho khoang ho nho nhat la 20mm giua duong knh trong va duong
knh ngoai cua ong cho.
6. Lap dat ong duoi dat :
- uong ong se duoc tra i va phu mot lop cat co do day 75mm. o sau chon ong >0.4m
- Nhung diem mo va diem noi se duoc bao boc thch hop truoc khi cac diem noi duoc no i
lai de ngan ngua cac sa ban va nhung vat khac .
- Truoc khi lap dat, cac duong ong duoc kiem tra boi ky su .
- Sau khi kiem tra cac duong ong pha i can than lap dat lai. Lop lap dau tien se la lop cat
chen xung quanh duong ong. Khong co ong kim loai, lop tiep theo se la lop gach hoac lop
betong se duoc trai tren lop cat truoc khi cong viec lap dat hoan thanh.
7. Thu va van hanh :
- Truoc khi cac duong o ng duoc dat am hoac bao boc phai duoc thu ap luc 2 lan va duoc
giu trong 4 gio ngoai tru neu co nhung qui dinh khac. Trong suot thoi gian thu, ap luc se
khong ha xuong hon 2%.
III. Cap Nuoc Lanh :
1. Tong quat :

30
- Tat ca cac vat tu va thiet bi duoc cung cap cho he thong nuoc phai duoc su chap thuan
cua don vi thiet ke . Tuy nhien nhung nhan hieu cua vat tu tuong duong se duoc xac dinh
boi ky su.
2. Cong viec thi cong ong :
- Cong viec thi cong ong phai phu hop theo su chuan bi cho cong truong; ap luc, thu ro r
va cac yeu cau khac co lien quan.
* Ong di duoi dat :
- Ong uPVC , ong PP-R va cac phu kien phai dat tieu chuan yeu cau .
- e chong ro r cac ong nay se duoc bao boc dung tieu chuan.
* Ong di noi :
- Ong uPVC , ong PP-R va cac phu kien phai dat tieu chuan yeu cau, de de phan biet,
cac ong nay phai duoc son.
3. Van va phu kien di kem :
- 65mm va nho hon se duoc noi voi nhau bang ren.
- 80mm va lon hon se duoc noi voi nhau bang mat bch.
* Van khoa
- 65mm va nho hon : vat lieu bang dong uPVC
- 80mm va lon hon : vat lieu bang gang
* Van 1 chieu :
- 50mm va nho hon : vat lieu bang thau
* Loc chu Y :
- Cac loc chu Y se duoc lap dat tren tat ca cac bom, cac thiet bi va cac van dieu khien de
ngan ngua su thiet hai va su truc trac.
- 65mm va nho hon : vat lieu bang dong
* Noi mem :
- uoc lap dat tren tat ca may bom va duoc che tao bang loai cao su chiu luc
- 65mm va nho hon duoc noi bang mat bch hoac union
- 80mm va lon hon duoc noi bang mat bch
* Thu :
- Truoc khi cac ong duo c che day hoac bao boc, phai thu ap luc 2 lan voi :
- ap suat la 5kg/cm
2
trong 4 gio va ap luc khong sut xuong qua 2% doi voi ong uPVC .
- ap suat la 9kg/cm
2
trong 4 gio va ap luc khong sut xuong qua 2% doi voi ong PP-R
(ong bom).
IV. Bom :
1. Cong suat lam viec toi da va ap luc dieu chnh cua may bom duoc ch dan tren ban ve
va tai lieu ky thua t.
- He thong dieu khien se dieu chnh su thay doi toc do cua may bom. Co t nhat 1 may
bom du phong co cong suat tuong duong khi mot may bom duoc dem di bao tr .
- He thong bom duoc van hoan toan tu dong voi cac role dien dat tai cac be nuoc theo so
do cong nghe nhu sau :
be nuoc ngam ----->bom ----->ho nuoc mai

31
- Bom duoc van hanh luan phien de dam bao cac bom duoc hoat dong thuong xuyen.
2. La%p $a&t b' :
- May bom se duoc lap dat tren nen mong beto ng chiu luc trong vong khung thep va co
bo phan giam chan
- Moi bom duoc lap dat van khoa, loc chu Y tren dau vao va van 1 chieu, van khoa hoac
van dieu chnh tren dau ra.
- Lap dat ong no i voi thiet bi dam bao rang cho noi se khong lam treo khop hoac bi venh.
- Can suc rua bo loc chu Y thuong xuyen va kho ng de ong hut nuoc bi thieu nuoc khi bom
nuoc se lam chay bom .
V. He Thong Nuoc Mua va Nuoc Thai Sinh Hoat (duoi dat ):
1. To(ng )uat :
- Tat ca nhung cong vie c duoc thuc hien cho he thong nay phai phu hop voi qui tac va
qui dinh cua chnh quyen cap thoat nuoc dia phuong va duoc trnh tren ban ve.
- Nhung noi di xuyen qua duong se bat buoc phai co su xac dinh boi nhung yeu cau lien
quan cua dia phuong va thuc hien cong viec theo su dong y cua kien truc su hoac ky su
de dam bao an toan va lam nhung cong viec thch hop.
2. *a!o $at :
- Cong viec dao dat se duoc lam thch hop theo duong, do doc va cao do duoc ch dan
tren ban ve. am bao ra ng viec dao dat duoc thu c hien trong dieu kien an toan.
+. La%p $at :
- Viec lap dat se hoan thanh sau khi cac duong o ng duoc ket noi va thu a p luc dat yeu cau
thoa dang. Tat ca cong viec lap dat duoc thuc hien nhieu lop, su dam thch hop khong
vuot qua 300mm do da y va chac dat . Lop dau tien se duoc dam bang tay, can than khi
chen ben ngoai ong kho ng lam anh huong den duong di va do doc cua ong. Cac lop lap
con lai se duoc dam ba ng may va bat ky su lu n xuong sau nay se duo c lap tiep cho den
khi ngay bang mat dat cu.
,. La%p $a&t $!ng ong :
a. Ong :
- Tat ca duong ong va cac phu kien di kem duo c thi cong theo nhu trnh bay tren ban ve,
ong PVC va phu kien di kem se theo tieu chuan ISO 4422.
b. Lap dat ong cong va duong ong trong nha :
- Ong thoat se duoc dat theo duong thang va do doc. am bao rang nhung ong phai duoc
thang, cao do va do doc hoan toan phu hop voi ban ve va neu co su ch dan sau nay cua
ky su. Chuan bi can thiet nhu may ngam, diem chuan, thanh do cho cong viec nay.
- Ong duoc lap bat dau tu diem thap nhat cua cao do giua cac ho ga va diem di len chnh
de chuan bi cac goi do betong.
-. .ie/ng tha' 0a! ho ga :
- Tat ca mieng tham va ho ga trong nha se duo c lam bang betong chiu luc, chat chong
tham la phan khong the thieu duoc cua ket cau xay dung duoc cung cap ben xay dung.
- Nhung nap day ho ga se duoc lam betong chiu luc .
1. 23ng ch! :
- Ong cho se duoc cung cap cho vi tr ma ong di qua tuong, da, san .Nhung noi ma ong
cho hoac ong di qua betong chiu luc cho phep noi nhau bang mat bch.

32
4. Th :
- Tat ca duong ong thoat se tuy thuoc vao ap luc nuoc tnh khong nho hon 1m tai dau
duong nuoc thoat. No se khong xuong trong tho i gian la 4 gio .
VI. Thoat Nuoc Ben Trong Nha & Pha tren dat:
1. *!ng ong :
a. Thoat phan, thoat do va duong hoi :
- Se duoc su dung bang ong PVC theo tieu chua n ISO 4422 va duoc cha p thuan cua nha
phu trach lien quan. Mot nhanh cua ong se duoc lam thong suot. Ong nam ngang se su
dung co 45
0
de noi voi nhanh khac,
- Moi ke t cau tuong, betong se dung ong cho cho tat ca cac ong di ngang, di thang dung.
- Cac vi tr nap tham, thong nghet can lam dau de tien kiem tra va bao tr .
b.uong ong hoi :
- Tat ca duong ong hoi se duoc di am trong tuo ng,san hoac tren tran va noi dai di xuyen
qua mai den do cao phu hop voi nhung yeu ca u dieu chnh tai noi do vase ket thuc nhu
mot cai non che lai .
- Su tham va chiu duoc su bien doi thoi tiet tren mai se duoc dung tam chan chuyen dung
de lap giua ong va mai.
c. Siphong :
- uoc su dung cho thoat san, thoat lavabo, chau rua, chau rua bep ...
d. Noi ong :
- Ong PVC voi ong PVC :
- Truoc khi dung keo va han lai, ong se duoc cat, lam gon va sach phu hop theo tieu
chuan cua nha san xuat.
- Ong PP-R dung phuong phap han .
- Ong BTCT dung loai mieng loe , va moi noi bang vua xm mac 100 hoac bao tai tam
nhua duong
e. Ong cho :
- Nhung ong cho duoc chap thuan se lap tai tat ca cac vi tr xuyen tuong, da va san.
2. Th :
- Tat ca cac dung cu de thu 1 hoac nhieu nhanh thai ra, neu duong thoat hnh thanh ve toc
do, do em a.am bao ra ng do kch cua nuoc duo c giu lai tai diem cao nhat trong qua trnh
thu. Sau moi lan thu, nuoc phai giu lai trong siphong toi thieu la 25mm. Cong viec thu
phai duoc lap lai t nhat 3 lan va siphong phai duoc nap lai truoc moi lan thu.
VII. Thiet Bi Ve Sinh :
1. To(ng )uat :
- Tat ca phu kien va thiet bi ve sinh duoc ch dinh cung cap cho phep noi va lap dat
nhung phu kien nay nhu the hien trong ban ve.
2. La%p $a&t :
- Lap dat thiet bi phai do nhung cong nhan co tay nghe cao va phu hop theo tien do xay
dung. Cung cap va co dinh nhung dem lot. Nhu ng gia do thuong khong theo tieu chuan
cua cac nha cung cap. Nhung vat lieu nay se duo c son theo dieu khoan bao ve.
a. X bet :

33
- Thung nuoc duoc dat tai vi tr gan tuong cang tot, duoc giu chac chan boi bulon va
duong ong cap se duoc lap them van chan de de dang khi sua chua.
b. Chau rua tay :
- Tat ca chau rua phai dat an toan tren tuong hoac tren ban. Tat ca cac ong cap va ong
thoat se duoc di am cang xa cang tot. uong thoat tu chau rua se duoc lam bang siphong
va noi voi ong trong tuong bang mat bt. Tat ca duong ong va phu kien lo ra ngoai deu
phai duoc ma.
c. Nhung thiet bi khac :
- Tat ca nhung thiet bi va phu kien lap dat se duoc lap dat thch hop theo tieu chuan tay
nghe cao nhat.

II. HE THONG DHKK& THONG GIO:
1. Tong quan:
- Chung cu CT2 Tan hoa dong bao gom:
- Tang ham : uoc su du ng de xe
- Tang tret : khu vuc sie u thi, kinh doanh va cong dong.
- Tang 1-20 : khu vuc can ho
- Tang ky thuat: noi dat cac quat hut gio thai va quat tang ap
2. Muc tieu thiet ke:
- ay la mo t cong trnh mang tch chat ta i dinh cu, de bao dam cho ca c hoat dong cua
toan bo cong trnh noi co cac khu vuc nhu can ho, hanh lang, kinh doanh. Can thiet trang
bi mot he thong dieu hoa khong kh va thong gio cho cong trnh. Sau day la nhung muc
tieu co ban ma nhiem vu thiet ke dat ra:
- Tao ra moi truong vi kh hau vo i cac thong so nhiet do, do am toc do gio va do trong
sach cua khong kh duoc kiem soat va dieu chnh theo dieu kien tien nghi cua con nguoi.
- To chuc thong thoang, hut thai khong kh tu cac khu ve sinh va cac khu vuc can thiet
khac ra khoi toa nha.
- Bao dam luong khong kh sach cho con nguoi hoat dong trong toa nha .
- He thong thong gio va dieu khien khong kh duoc thiet ke lap dat khong anh huong den
kien truc cong trnh. o on do he thong gay ra o muc do cho phep khong anh huong den
cac khu vuc trong va ngoai toa nha.
- Thiet bi lua chon cho he thong phai dam bao lam viec tin cay, van hanh don gian va
thuan tien cho viec bao duong va sua chua.
- He thong co kha nang phuc vu doc lap theo yeu cau su dung cho tung khu vuc. Cong suat
cua he thong duoc tu do ng dieu chnh theo ta i nhiet thuc te cua toa nha tai tung tho i diem de
nang cao hieu suat hoat dong cua he thong va giam chi ph van hanh.

34
- He thong duoc thie t ke tuan theo tieu chuan va quy pham ve an toan phong chong
chaykhong tao ra nguon nhiet co nhiet do cao, va khong su dung cac loai vat lieu de gay
chay no.
3.Cac qui pham ve tieu chuan thiet ke: he thong dieu hoa khong kh va thong gio cho cong
trnh duoc thie t ke dua tren cac qui pham, tieu chuan ky thuat, va cac tai lieu sau day:
- Tieu chuan thiet ke dieu hoa khong kh, thong gio duoi am TCVN 5687 - 1992.
- Tieu chuan kh hau dung trong xay dung TCVN -4088-85.
- Ky thuat nhiet xa y dung - Ket cau ngan che. Tieu chuan thiet ke TCVN - 4605-88.
- Cac quy pham ve bao ve muoi truong Viet Nam.
- Cac quy pham cua cuc phong chay chua chay cho cong trnh xay dung Viet Nam.
- HVAC Systems Duct Derign SMAACNA 1981 Edition.
- ASRAE Handbook. Fundamentals 1999
- ASRAE Handbook. HVAC Systems and application 1987.
4. He thong thong gio:
4.1. He thong thong gio cuc bo:
- Cac tram may phat dien, phong ky thuat trong tang ham thong gio theo cong nghe
khong nam trong he tho ng thong gio chung. Tuyen thong gio cho cac tram nay di rieng
khong noi vao cac tuyen ong gio khac. ac biet la ong xa khoi cua may phat dien lap dat
theo yeu cau cua nha cung cap.
- He thong hut kh thai khu ve sinh se duoc hut bang quat hut 30l/s sau do duoc thai truc
tiep ra moi truong ngoai.
4.2. He thong thong gio tang ham.
- Tang ham khong thong gio voi ben ngoai nen co hai he thong thong gio: thong gio hut
kh thai bang quat hu t (2500/7500/s 300Pa), va cap gio tuoi vao tang ham bang quat
cap gio tuoi (2400/4800l/s 300Pa) ket hop voi gio tuoi duoc cap vao tang ham mot phan
theo duong doc xe chay tran tu nhien. Thong gio hut kh thai de hut khoi bui, kh CO2,
CO do xe thai ra, cap gio tuoi de dam bao cung cap du oxy cho nguoi va o ham. Khi co tn
hieu bao chay cac quat cap gio tuoi se ngung hoat dong va cac qua t hut kh thai se chay o
toc do cao.
- Su dung cac quat hut - cap loai quat treo tra n ket noi vo i ong dan kh va cua gio. Cua
thai kh va cua gio tuoi thong thuong cach mat dat 1-3m nam trong thanh gieng (hop ky
thuat) thai, cap gio. Cac gieng len het tang 1, ket hop voi kien truc cho phu hop voi my
quan. Bo tr gieng cap thai kh pha i doi xung voi nhau de tranh quan kh: mot ben hut,
mot ben thoi.
- Yeu cau chung : Cac quat hut khoi ke ca dong co se co the hoat dong duoc hieu qua tai
300
o
C trong 2 gio va ket noi voi nguon dien ma y phat du phong. Day cap nguon la day
chong chay t nhat la 2 gio.
- Khoang thong thuy cho di ong gio trong truong hop su dung quat treo tran ket no i ong
gio va cua gio la 350. Cac tuyen ong gio, cua gio ket hop voi cac bo mon khac nhu dien,
nuoc, PCCC. va giao thong tang ham.
6. He thong may lanh:
- Khu vuc tang tret nhu sieu thi, su dung he thong may lanh VRV voi :
+ Co cau giai nhiet dan nong bang gio .

35
+ Tren duong ong dan lanh co cac he thong dieu khien de dieu chnh nhiet do cho tung
khu vuc.
- Khu vuc phong ngu su dung may lanh cuc bo loai treo tuong.
Cac thong so tnh toan khong kh trong va ngoai cong trnh:
- Thong so tnh toan cua khong kh trong cong trnh duoc chon theo TC Viet Nam co
tham khao phu hop TC Quoc Te.
- Ve mua he:
+ Nhiet do : 25C 2C
+ o am tuong doi: = 65% 5%
- Ve mua dong
+ Nhiet do : 22C 2C
+ o am tuong doi: = 65% 5%
- Thong so tnh toan cu a khong kh ngoai troi duoc xac dinh theo dieu kien kh hau khu
vuc cu the o TPHCM nhu sau:
- Ve mua he:
+ Nhiet do : 34C
+ o am tuong doi: = 81%
- Ve mua dong
+ Nhiet do : 21C
+ o am tuong doi: = 74%
Thong so kh hau thiet ke cho cong trnh ben trong nha (khu vuc Sieu Thi):
+ Nhiet do: 24
0
C1
+ o am trung bnh: 60%5
Thong so kh hau thiet ke cho cong trnh ben trong nha (khu vuc Can ho):
+ Nhiet do: 25
0
C1
+ o am trung bnh: 65%5
6.1. He thong may lanh cuc bo kieu treo tuong:
Cac khu vuc duoc su dung doc lap, rieng biet nen duoc trang bi he thong dieu hoa
khong kh cuc bo.
He thong dieu hoa khong kh la loai 2 manh, da n lanh loai treo tuong.
Moi phong ngu va pho ng khach trong can ho duoc trang bi moi bo may dieu hoa
khong kh rieng biet.

III- HE THONG PHONG CHAY CHUA CHAY:
1. He thong bao chay tu dong:
a. thuyet minh he thong:
- He thong bao chay tu dong co chuc nang tu dong kiem tra, pha t hie n kip thoi cac
dam chay xay ra tai cac khu vuc trong vung kiem soat. Nham phat hien kip thoi, han
che duoc cac thiet hai do chay gay ra.
- Trung tam xu ly bao chay duoc dat tai phong bao ve. ay la noi theo doi tong quat
toan bo dien bien an toan, an ninh cua co quan quy khach va la noi tong hop, doi
chieu thong tin truoc khi chon phuong an xu ly thch hop.

36
- Tat ca cac thie t bi ma cong ty chung toi chon lua de lap dat, ngoai dac diem noi bat
voi k thuat tinh vi, hoat dong chnh xac, no con co kha nang thch ung dac biet doi
voi moi truong hop rieng biet tai cong trnh cua quy khach: bao gom cac yeu to lien
quan den thoi tiet nhu do am, nhiet do khong kh, .
1.1. Tieu chuan thie ke:
- Can cu tieu chuan Viet Nam:TCVN 5738 - 1993 (yeu cau thie t ke he thong bao
chay tu dong)
- Can cu tieu chuan NFPA (National fire protection association ) Hiep Hoi PCCC
quoc te.
- Can cu tnh nang, dac tnh k thuat thiet bi va yeu cau thiet ke lap dat cua Nha san
xuat.
Can cu tnh hnh khao sat thuc te cong trnh.
1.1. Nhung yeu cau ky thuat cua mot he thong bao chay:
- Truyen tn hieu khi phat hieu co chay thanh tn hieu bao dong ro rang de nhung nguoi
xung quanh co the hien ngay cac bien phap xu ly thch hop.
- Phat hien chay nhanh chong theo cac chuc nang da duoc de ra.
- Co kha nang chong nhieu tot
- Bao hieu nhanh chong, ro rang cac su co lam a nh huong den do chnh xac cua he thong.
- Khong bi anh huong boi cac he thong khac lap dat chung quanh hoac rieng re.
- Khong bi te liet mo t phan hay toan bo do chay gay ra truoc khi phat hien chay.
- Khong xay ra tnh trang bao gia do chat luo ng dau bao kem hoac sut ap do bo nguon
trung tam khong ta i duoc.
1.2. He thong bao chay gom cac thanh phan chnh:
- Trung tam bao cha y
- au bao khoi
- Cong tac bao chay khan.
- Chuong bao chay.
- He thong duong da y tn hieu, day cap nguo n va ong luon day PVC.
1.3. Chuc nang va nhiem vu cua tung thiet bi:
- Trung tam bao chay: trung tam bao chay duoc lap dat tai phong thuong truc bao ve tai
tang tret. ay la mot bo phan chnh co nhiem vu tiep nhan va xu ly cac tn hieu bao chay,
cac tn hieu co su co ky thuat va hien thi cac thong tin ve he thong. Tai day, thong qua
trung tam bao chay, nhan vien truc co the quan sat tnh hnh hoat dong cua he thong va
dieu khien he thong trong truong hop can thie t.
- Nhiem vu chnh cua trung tam bao chay: xu ly tn hieu dau vao, nha n thong tin tu cac
thiet bi khoi bao o dau vao (Input) nhu dau bao khoi dau bao nhie t, cong tac khan va phat
tn hieu den cac thiet bi dau ra (Output) nhu coi, chuong den bao chay, hien thi phu. ong
thoi den hien thi vung co chay phai duoc bat sang hoac hien thi tren man hnh cua trung
tam.
- La noi hien thi cac thong tin cua he thong: trang thai bnh thuong, trang thai co su co
truc trac ky thua t cua he thong, trang thai bao do ng.
- De dang kiem soat, tren ma t tu trung tam xu ly co day du cac den ch thi bao chay tuong
ung voi cac vung duoc no kiem soat trong cung mot thoi diem. Trung tam xu ly co the xu ly

37
nhieu tn hieu bao chay tu nhieu vung kiem soat dua ve, cap nguon cho cac thiet bi thuoc he
thong bao chay.
- Thuong xuyen hoat dong 24/24 gio. No lien tuc giam sat hien truong qua 3 trang thai:
o Trong truong hop bnh thuong ( den mau xanh bat sang)
o Trong truong hop co su co ky thuat thuoc he tho ng, trung tam bao chay se phat
tn hieu bang den mau vang va am thanh bip bip de nhan vien truc kip thoi xu
ly.
o Trong truong hop co chay: khoi hoac nhie t se kch thch cac thiet bi khoi bao
(dau bao khoi/nhiet) Khi dau bao bi kch thch, no se lap tuc tu dong truyen tn
hieu ve Trung tam bao chay de xu ly nhan va phat tn hieu den cac bo phan
khac nhu chuong bao chay tai phong truc reo len cung luc ay hien FIRE mau
do tai trung tam bao cha y se ch bao cho biet khu vuc nao xay ra su co.
- Trung tam bao chay co the duoc cai dat de lam viec theo nguyen ly tre thoi gian (Delay
time). Neu trong mot khoang thoi gian tre dat truoc tn hieu bao chay duoc chuyen ve lien
tuc th se phat tn hieu bao dong
- Trung tam duoc cap nguon dien 1 pha 220V voi tan so 50H khi ma t nguon AC (dien
luoi) he thong van hoa t dong bnh thuong nho bo nguon du phong (24 VDC) bao dam he
thong hoat dong lien tuc suot ngay dem.
- Trung tam bao chay co the ket noi duoc voi cac he thong tu dong cua mot toa nha nhu
he thong chua chay tu dong, he thong canh bao thoat hiem, he thong thang may, may vi
tnh. de thuc hien viec giam sat dieu khien mot cach tu dong.
- Luu tru thong tin lien quan den tnh trang cua he thong.
- ac tnh ky thuat cua trung tam bao chay:
+ ien ap cung cap:220V-50Hz
+ Co 24 zone giam sat
+ en hien thi chuc nang day du nhu Fire, trouble, Normal, Power.
+ ong thoi co nam hnh hien thi tat ca trang thai hoat dong cua he thon
+ Bao chay tai trung ta m su dung coi nho
+ Bao dong ben ngoai: su dung chuong
+ Co ket hop voi thie t bi chua chay tu dong, thang may, tiet bi tu dong, may vi tnh.
de thuc hien viec qua n ly va dieu khien mo t cach tu dong
+ Nhiet do lam viec: - 10
0
C den 55
0
C
1.3.1. Dau bao khoi: la thiet bi truc tiep giu vai tro giam sat, phat hien dau hieu co khoi
xuat hien va goi ve trung tam bao chay. Thoi gian tac dong cua cac dau bao khoi khong
lon hon 30 giay. Mat do khoi cua moi truong co tac dung den dau ba o khoi tu 5% den
20%.
ien ap lam viec: 24 VDC
Nguyen ly hoat dong: quang hoc.
Dong dien o trang tha i giam sat: 20mA
Dong dien o trang tha i bao dong: 60mA
Nhiet do la viec: -10
0
Cden 55
0
C
1.3.2. Dau bao nhiet: la loai dau bao khong cam ung khoi. No se ca m ung hien tuong
bau khong kh xung quanh gia tang nhiet, gia tang nhiet do mot cach dot ngot, khoang

38
6
0
C phut. No se phat hien tnh trang nhie t do khong kh bat thuong na y la phat tn hieu
bao dong goi ve trung ta m bao chay.
Nguyen ly hoat dong, ca m ung su gia tang nhiet do (6
0
C/ph).
Nguyen ly hoat dong, ca m ung su gia tang nhiet do (6
0
C/ph).
Dong dien o trang tha i giam sat: 20pA
Dong dien o trang tha i bao dong : 50mA
Nhiet do lam viec: - 10
0
C den 55
0
C.
1.3.3. Cong tac bao chay khan cap: la loai thiet bi thuc hien viec bao chay bang tay khi
co nguoi phat hien su co chay, trong truong hop khan cap duoc lap dat ta i nhung noi thuan
tien de con nguoi co the de dang tm thay va tac dong vao khi co su co. ac tnh ky thuat
cua cong tac khan:
ien ap lam viec 24 VDC
Nguyen ly hoat dong, tiep diem kho (NO/NC)
Co khoa nhua de thu khi can thiet
1.3.4. Chuong bao chay: khi xay ra su co chay, chuong se phat am thanh bao dong,
chuong bao chay duoc dat o nhung noi co nguoi truc thuong xuyen va nhieu nguoi qua lai
nhu khu vuc cau thang, sanh, hanh lang de thong bao cho moi nguoi biet tham gia chua
chay hoac thoat hiem.
ien ap lam viec : 24 VDC
uong knh : 150mm
Cuong do dong dien : 12.5mA
Cuong do am thanh : 85db
1.3.5. Nguon dien: de dam bao he thong bao chay lam viec lien tuc khi mat dien hoac co
chay, ngoai nguon dien xoay chieu (AC) lay tu dien luoi quoc gia, trung tam bao chay
duoc trang bi bo nguon du phong nham dam ba o cho he thong lam vie c lien tuc khi mat
dien. uong day tn hie u khi cap nguon, ong PVC: gom cac linh kien, he thong cap, day
tn hieu, cac bo phan tao thanh tuyen lien ket voi nhau giua cac thiet bi cua he thong bao
chay.
- e ke t noi cac thie t bi cua he thong bao chay, ta phai su dung cac duong day tn hieu
cap nguon. Cung voi phu kien de tao ra lien ke t cac thiet bi voi trung ta m. Tat ca cac day
deu duoc luon trong ong PVC va di am nen am tran hoac am tuong.
b. Tnh toan thiet bi:
Co so tnh toan:
-Can cu tieu chuan Viet Nam:TCVN 5783 -1993(y/c thiet ke he thong ba o chay tu dong)
-Can cu tieu chuan NFPA (national fire protection association) Hiep Hoi PCCC.
-Can cu tnh nang, dac tnh ky thuat thiet bi va yeu cau thiet ke lap dat cua nha san xuat.
Dien giai he thong:
* Trung tam xu ly bao chay :
- Dua tren ban ve mat bang kien truc xay dung va tnh an toan chch xac cao doi voi
cong trnh, chung toi chon Trung tam xu ly ba o chay co so zone dap ung cho cong
trnh. Trung tam xu ly duoc su dung 24 zone. Khi co chay xay ra, no se ch ra dia ch,
khu vuc do mot cach chnh xac va nhanh chong. Trung tam xu ly bao chay duoc lap
dat lap da t ta i phong ba o ve tang ham ( ieu 5.7 TCVN - 5738 - 1993) va duoc tiep

39
dat bao ve dung theo yeu cau cua quy pham noi dat thiet bi dien hien hanh ( 7.2
TCVN - 5738 - 1993).
* Dau bao khoi:
- Cac dau bao khoi duoc lap dat co dinh tren tran nha, co dien tch bao ve theo nha
cung cap thiet bi va phu hop voi TCVN - 5738 - 1993
* Dau bao nhiet:
- Cac dau bao khoi duoc lap dat co dinh tren tran nha, co dien tch bao ve theo nha
cung cap thiet bi va phu hop voi TCVN - 5738 - 1993
* Cong tac khan:
- Cong trnh duoc bo tr mot cong tac khan tai lo i ra vao cua cua cong trnh ( ieu 4.2
TCVN - 5738 - 1993). Cong tac khan nay duoc lap chung zone voi cac dau bao (
ieu 4.4 TCVN - 5738 - 1993).
* Chuong bao dong:
- Tai cong trnh duoc bo tr chuong bao dong duoc lap dac ta i cac khu vuc khac
nhau(xem ban ve chi tie t).
* Day tn hieu:
- Day tn hieu duoc luo n trong ong PVC di am tuong va chon duoi dat. oi voi cac
duong day truc chnh, ngoai cac doi day ket noi voi cac thiet bi con co tu 2 den 3 doi
day du phong. Cac mach tn hieu cua he thong bao chay duoc kiem tra tnh trang k
thuat theo suot chieu dai mach tn hieu. (Chuc na ng tu kiem tra cua Trung tam xu ly)
2. He thong den ch dan loi thoat hiem va den chieu sang su co:
- He thong den chieu sa ng su co duoc thiet ke nhu sau:
- en chieu sang su co duoc lap dat o cac hanh lang, cau thang. nha m giup ta dinh vi
duoc loi thoat ra ngoai khi co su co xay ra hoac khi cup dien. en chieu sang su co la loai
den tu xac. Trong truong hop bnh thuong (kho ng cup dien) den chieu sang su co khong
sang. Khi cup dien, den chieu sang su co lap tuc bat sang giup ta xac dinh ro duoc loi ra
vao.
- Ngoai ra, he thong den chieu sang su co con duoc lap de de dang su dung va bao tr sau
nay.
- en ch dan loi thoat hiem giup ta dinh vi duoc loi ra vao mot cach chnh xac hon.
3. He thong tang ap buong thang thoat hiem:
a. Mo ta he thong:
- Toa nha gom co 2 he thong buong thang hoat hiem khi co su co hoa hoan xay ra, truoc
khi tu hanh lang cua moi tang ra buong thang thoat hiem deu co phong diem, cac cua ra
vao phong diem la cua chong chay co gioi han chiu lua toi thieu la 90 phut. Quat cap gio
duoc dat tren tang ma i thoi tu tren xuong qua mieng gio (hoac qua hop gen tai cau thang
thoat hiem) co kch thuo c 700x700.
b.Co so tnh toan:
- Luu luong khong kh thoi vao buong thang:
- Theo tieu chuan TCVN: 1996 tai muc 11.5 de khoi tu buong thang kho ng lan vao cac
tang th cac tang phai da m bao ap suat du cua khong kh la 2kg/m
2
khi co mot cua mo.
Thuc te cho thay de dat duoc ap suat nay th ap suat dong cua buong thang phai lon hon
2kg/m
2
.

40

g
V Y
P
d
2
2
=
Trong do:
Pd: Ap luc dong cua he thong(Kg/m
2
), chon Pd = 2.1Kg/m
2

V: Toc do gio trong duo ng ong.
Y: Trong luong don vi cua khong kh Y= 1.2Kg/m
3
.
G: Gia toc trong truong g = 9.81m/s
2

Theo cong thuc tren tnh duoc van toc gio V = 5.86m/s
Vay luu luong khong kh cua buong thang la:
3600 = F V L
thang

Trong do:
L
thang
: Luu luong khong kh cua buong thang (m
3
/h)
V : Van toc khong kh trong buong thang V = 5.86m/s
F : Dien tch tie t dien thuc khong kh di qua buong thang

2
09 . 0 16 m F =
Ta co:
h m L
thang
/ 24 , 30378 3600 09 . 0 16 86 . 5
3
= =
Vay ta chon quat co luu luong: h m L
thang
/ 30600
3
=
- Ap suat quat:
) ( ) ( day tp hut tp quat
P P H + =
Trong do:

quat
H : Ap suat cua quat(Kg/m
2
)

) (hut tp
P : Ap suat toan phan tren ong hut(Kg/m
2
)

) (day tp
P : Ap suat toan phan tren ong day(Kg/m
2
)
Voi:

cb ms hut tp
P P P + =
) (

Trong do:

ms
P : Tong ton tha t ap suat ma sat(Kg/m
2
):
L R P
ms
=
R: Ton that ap suat ma sat don vi(Kg/m
2
/m)
I : o dai duong ong(m)

cb
P : Ton that ap suat cuc bo (Kg/m
2
):

g
YxV
P
quat cb
2
.
2
=

quat
: He so suc can cuc bo mieng vao quat(=1.2)
Thanh phan hut:
Do quat hut truc tiep khong kh ngoai vao khong co ong hu t(I = 0), nen o day ch
co ton that ap suat cuc bo tai mieng vao quat:

41

2
2
/ 53 , 2
81 . 9 2
86 . 5 2 . 1
2 . 1 m Kg P
cb
=
=

Vay:

2
) (
/ 53 , 2 m Kg P P
cb hut tp
= =

Thanh phan day:
cb ms day tp
P P P + =
) (

2
/ 28 56 5 . 0 m Kg L R P
ms
= = =
Y
g
V
Y
g
V
P
m
miengthoi
quat
quat cb
. 2 . 2
.
2
2
+ =
Voi:

quat
= 1.2

quat
V = 24m/s

miengthoi
= 0.75

m
V = 2.4m/s

2
2 2
/ 08 . 57
81 . 9 2
2 . 1 4 . 2 75 . 0 56
81 . 9 2
2 . 1 24 2 . 1
m Kg P
cb
=

=
Vay:

2
) (
/ 08 . 85 08 . 57 28 m Kg P
day tp
= + =
Ap suat quat can:
2
/ 61 . 87 08 . 85 53 . 2 m Kg H
quat
= + =
Vay ta chon quat co cot ap dat 90Kg/m
2
.
- Cong suat dong co:
) (
3600 102
KW
H L
N

Trong do:
N: Cong suat dong co(KW)
L: Luu luong qua t(m
3
/h)
H: Ap suat quat(Kg/m
2
)
: Hieu suat quat.
) ( 15
3600 5 . 0 102
90 30600
KW N =

=
Nhu vay, o day ta chon quat thoi tao ap la quat ly tam canh long soc co thong so sau:
Luu luong L = 13600l/s, 650pa
Cot ap H = 90Kg/m
2
.
Cong suat dong co N = 12,5KW.
5. He thong cua chong chay:
- He thong cua chong chay duoc thiet ke cho chung cu cao tang nhu sau:

42
- Cua chong chay duoc lap dat truoc loi vao chie u ngh cua cau thang.
- Cua chong chay duoc lam bang go co bat chiu lua len den 90 phut.
- Kch thuoc cua cua la 2150mx900m.
6. He thong chong set va noi dat:
a. Gioi thieu chung he thong chong set:
- Chong set danh thang: Lap 1 kim thu set tre n mai moi block , ban knh bao ve kim
khoang 71m. Day dan set dung cap dong 70mm
2
luon vao ong PVC cach dien D34, he
thong noi dat su dung 6 coc thep ma dong 16 x2400. ien tro xung kch cua he thong
noi dat <10 om. Ngoai ra con trang bi bo dem se t de kiem tra tuoi tho cu a kim thu set.
- Chong set lan truyen: can co he thong chong set lan truyen ket hop voi chong set danh
thang de bao ve thiet bi he thong TTLL. Bo chong set lan truyen cuong do 120kA dat
trong tu dien tong cua toa nha noi den bai tiep dat an toan cua tu dien to ng.
b. Phuong an thiet ke:
- He thong chong set danh thang duoc thiet ke su dung 01 dau thu set INGESCO PDC 2.1
( Theo tieu chuan NFC17 - 102 - Tieu chuan Quoc gia Phap va phu hop voi TCVN 20-
TCN - 46 -84 ).
- e giam bot rui ro ma cot thu loi khong dap ung duoc v su thu dong cua chung. Nha
san xuat INGESCO voi nhieu nam nghien cuu va da tro thanh chuyen gia hang dau trong
lnh vuc bao ve chong set danh truc tiep da cho ra mot san pham moi danh bai tnh thu
dong cua cot thu loi duo c goi la Kim thu set tao tia tien ao.
* Cau tao :
- Kim thu set trung tam bang dong dien phan, kim nay co tac dung tao mot duong dan
dong set lien tuc tu tia tien dao cua set dan xuong dat theo day dan set.
- Vo hop bao ve bang dong hoac set khong r, co tac dung bao ve thiet bi ion ben trong.
Hop nay duoc gan vao kim thu set trung tam.
- Thiet bi tao ion, giai phong ion va phat tia tien dao. ay la thiet bi dac biet de tao ra
mot vung bao ve rong lo n voi muc do an toan cao.
- He thong cac dien cuc pha tren co tac dung phat tia tien dao.
- He thong cac dien cuc pha duoi co tac dung thu nang luong dien truong kh quyen, giup
thiet bi chong set hoat dong.
* Nguyen tac hoat dong :
- Trong truong hop giong bao xay ra, dien truong kh quyen gia tang nhanh chong khoang
vai ngan (Von/met). a u kim thu se thu nang luong dien truong kh quyen bang he thong
dien cuc pha duoi, nang luong duoc tch tru trong thiet bi ion hoa. Truo c khi xay ra hien
tuong phong dien set ( ta goi la set danh), co mo t su gia tang nhanh chong va dot ngot cua
dien truong kh quyen, anh huong nay tac do ng lam thiet bi ion hoa giai phong nang
luong da tch luy duoi dang ion, tao ra mot duong dan tien dao ve pha tren, chu dong don
set va dan chung xuong dat theo day cap thoat set.
* Dac diem qua trnh ION hoa :
- Qua trnh ion hoa duoc dac trung boi nhung tnh chat sau :
- ieu khien su giai pho ng ion dung thoi diem.

43
- Thiet bi ion hoa cho phep su ion phat ra trong khoang thoi gian rat ngan va tai thoi diem
thch hop, ch vai phan cua giay truoc khi co su phong dien set, do do dam bao dan set
kip thoi, chnh xac va an toan.
- Su hnh thanh hieu ung CORONA.
- Su xua t hien mot so lon electron tien dao cu ng voi su gia tang cua dien truong co tac
dung rut ngan tho i gian tao hieu ung CORONA .
- Su phong tia tien dao pha tren de thu set.
- au thu set phat ra mot duong dan set ve ph tren nhanh hon bat cu diem nhon nao gan
do. Do do se dam bao dan set chu dong va chnh xac.
* Vung bao ve cua dau thu set :
- Ban knh bao ve cua dau kim thu set INGESCO PDC E.30 duoc tnh theo cong thuc da
dinh boi tieu chuan Quo c Gia Phap NFC 17 - 102 .
- Ban knh bao ve cua dau kim thu set INGESCO PDC E.30 o cap bao ve : Cap III Rbv =
71m duoc gan tren chan de cao 3,5m tren diem cao nhat cua cong trnh. Voi ban knh bao
ve cua dau kim thu set nhu tren dam bao phu hop cho viec bao ve toan bo mat bang cua
cong trnh.
c. Co so tnh toan:
- Cong thuc tnh ban knh bao ve kim Stormarter : ap dung cong thuc tnh ban knh bao
ve(Rp) cua kim thu set phong dien som Stormarter duoc uoc tnh theo cong thuc ap dung
tieu chuan cua phap NF C17-102.
R
p
= ) 2 ( ) 2 ( DT D DT h D h + + .
Nhung thong so quan tro ng anh huong toi R
p

- DT xuat hien trong qua trnh kiem tra
Chang han :
Stormarter ESE-50 = DT( s ) 50
Stormarter ESE-60 = DT( s ) 60
- h do cao(m) kim thu set Stormaster tren pham vi bao ve.
- D(m) phu thuoc vao muc do chon bao ve, muc do bao ve duoc tnh theo phu luc
trong tieu chuan NF C17-102.
Chang han :
D = 20m cho muc bao ve cap 1 (cap cao nhat).
D = 45m cho muc bao ve cap 2 (cap bao ve cao).
D = 60m cho muc bao ve cap 3 (cap bao ve tieu chuan).
- Ap dung cong thuc tre n cho kim chong set INGESCO PDC E3.0 voi cap bao ve cap 3 ta
tinh duoc R
p
= 71(m). do cao kim thu set d = 5000mm.
7. He thong chua chay:
7.1. Thuyet minh he thong:
- Hang san xuat cua cong trnh Chung Cu Tan Hoa ong duoc xac dinh nhu:
- Tieu chuan Vie t Nam TCVN 7336-2003: Phan loai co so theo muc do nguy Co phat sinh
dam chay : Co so co nguy co chay thap.
- TCVN 2622-1995: Hang C.

44
- Bac chiu luu cong trnh thuoc bac I nhu da duoc quy dinh trong bang 2, 9 va 10 Theo
TCVN 2622 - 1995.
- Qui dinh ve viec su du ng va luu thong cac trang thiet bi PCCC cua Cuc Canh sat PCCC.
- Can cu vao su phan hang neu tren, he thong PCCC du kien duoc thiet ke cho cong trnh
bao gom:
- e dam bao do tin cay chua chay cao va kha nang dap tat dam chay kip thoi, he thong
chua chay duoc chon la he thong cap nuoc chua chay vach tuong & he thong chua chay
xach tay.
7.2. He thong cap nuoc chua chay tu dong & chua chay xach tay :
a. He thong chua chay tu dong & chua chay vach tuong.
7.2.1. May bom dac chung chuyen dung de chua chay gom 3 may bom :
- 2 May bom dien chua chay, luu luong Q=80m3/h, chieu cao cot nuoc H=120m, cong suat
ien N=40,5kW (01 chay-01 du phong).
- May bom bu ap (ockey pump) ,luu luong Q=2.5m
3
/h, chieu cao cot nuoc H=150m , cong
suat dien N=2.2KW dung de duy tr ap luc nuoc cho he thong may bom .
7.2.2. He thong sprinkler chua chay tu dong:
* Mo ta he thong :
- ay la he thong chua chay dung cac dau phun Sprinkler duoc bo tr o hanh lang,
trong can ho va cac phan sinh hoat chung cua cac tang cua chung cu . Cac dau
Sprinkler nay duoc gan sat tran . Khi co dam chay xuat hien , nhiet do tai vi tr do
tang cao qua 68
0
C , dau phun Sprinkler se bi be ,nuoc trong duong ong se phun ra de
dap tat dam chay .
* Cac thanh phan chnh cua he thong :
- Bom chua chay : Dung chung he thong bom cua he thong cap nuoc chua chay vach
tuong.
- He thong duong ong : su dung ong STK D = 114 - 76mm lam duong ong chnh cap
nuoc cho he thong chua chay tu dong (Sprinkler) va cac duong ong nhanh STK D =76-
60-34-21 mm duoc lap dap sat da de cap nuoc cho cac dau phun Sprinkler chua chay
tu dong .
- Su dung loai ong sat trang kem chuyen nganh D =114 - 90 mm. ay la tuyen ong
chnh di tu may bom ra cac hong cuu hoa va noi lai voi nhau tao thanh mach vong nen
ap luc duoc chia deu , manh va dat duoc ap luc toi da theo qui pham PCCC.
- uong ong nhanh ra cac hong cuu hoa la ong DN50. He thong duong ong nuoc chua
chay duoc lap dat bang cach han mat bch. Ong sat trang kem duoc dung la loai ong
chuyen nganh cap nuoc chua chay chiu ap luc cao , hoat dong trong moi truong chay
no.
7.2.3. Hop chua chay : Gom 2 loai :
* Hong chua chay trong nha gom :
- Hop chua chay lam bang sat , son tnh dien mau do, kch thuoc 600x400x200mm.
Pha truoc co cua knh day 3mm, co chu PCCC. Hop chua chay trang bi tai cau thang
cac tang thuan theo duong di vao hai loi ra vao chnh cua moi tang.
- Van chua chay la loai van chuyen nganh D = 50mm. Khi can mo, na m tay van sang
trai.

45
- Khop noi giua van chua chay voi voi chua chay dung ngam B lam bang nhom ,
duong knh D = 50mm (tieu chuan PCCC). Khi can , thao rap nhanh va kn nuoc. Tam
hong chua chay duoc dat o do cao 1,25m so voi mat san.
* Tru chua chay ben ngoai la tru hong doi gom :
- Hop chua chay lam bang sat , son tnh dien mau do, kch thuoc 700x500x250mm.
Pha truoc co cua knh day 3mm, co chu PCCC.
- Mot tu chua chay dung 2 voi chua chay loai bat , D=65mm , kch thuoc moi cuon dai
30m.
- Lang chua chay la loai lang A co duong knh dau phun D=16mm va noi voi voi chua
chay. Lang nay lam bang nhom va co cho cam chac chan.
b. He thong chua chay xach tay:
- Gom cac bnh bot kho ABC 9,0kg va cac bnh CO
2
5,0kg dat trong tu chua chay duoc bo
tr gan khu vuc cau thang bo dung de dap tat da m chay tuc thoi khi moi bat dau chay.
* Hong cho xe chua chay :
- Du phong khi co su co chay xay ra , xe chua chay chuyen dung co the noi vao he thong
cap nuoc chua chay noi bo cua chung cu .
TOM LAI:
- Tren day la ban thuye t minh thiet ke ky thuat va qui trnh su dung he thong PCCC: bao
chay tu dong, den ch dan loi thoat hiem, den chieu sang su co , cap nuoc chua chay vach
tuong va chua chay tu dong, he thong qua t buong thang, he thong cu a chong chay va
chong set danh thang cho cong trnh. V vay khi di vao hoat dong, lu c luong bao ve va
PCCC tai cho can to chuc hoc tap va trien khai cac phuong an, dam bao che do thuong
truc san sang chien dau cao, luon dam bao an toan tuyet doi ve PCCC cho cong trnh.

VI. HE THONG DIEN NHE:
1. He thong dien thoai va mang:
a. Tieu chuan ap dung:
- Tong cuc buu chnh vien thong : TCN 68-136: 1995 TCN 68-146: 1995
- Ch dan thiet bi dau cuoi thong tin va vien thong 19955EEC
EN 60950:1992, A1:1993, A2:1993, A3:1995, A4:1997 (An toan)
EN 50081-1 (Moi truong dan cu phat ra EMC)
EN 50082-1 (Moi truong cong nghiep phat ra EMC)
EN 55022 lop B (Moi truong dan cu ITE phat ra EMC).
b. Lap dat:
- Lap dat mo t tu dau ca p dien thoa i chnh (MDF) loai 500 do i day cho cong trnh. uong
cap dien thoai tu tong dai dien thoai khu vuc den duoc dau noi vao tu noi cap nay. Sau do
dung cac duong cap die n thoai loa i 10, hay 20 doi day no i tu (MDF) de n cac hop noi day
cua tang. Moi tang co mot tu dau day dien thoai loai 10 do i day, cap die n thoai tu tu dau
day cua tang den cac khu vuc:
* Khu vuc can ho :

46
- Cac o cam dien thoai trong mot can ho duoc mac song song, dau ra day cap dien thoai
den hop dau noi ( block terminal 10 hay 20 pairs ) do Cty dien thoai cung cap dat tai
gieng thong tin lien lac cua moi tang.
* Khu vuc quan ly va cong cong :
- Lap dat mot so o cam dien thoai de lien lac no i bo quan l chung cu.
* Khu cua hang kinh doanh va sieu thi :
- Lap mot so o cam dien thoai phuc vu nhu cau su dung cua khach hang thue cac khu vuc
nay.
- Cac o cam va day die n thoai di am tuong. Cao do lap cac o cam dien thoai la 350 mm
tnh tu mat san hoan thien.
c. Yeu cau:
- He thong day cap cong trnh phai co tuoi tho t nhat la 15 nam va co the phat trien duoc
trong tuong lai.
- He thong day cap pha i duoc chung nhan boi nha thiet ke ban dau, nha san xuat hay nha
phan phoi duoc uy quye n.
- Tat ca day cap la loai day UTP co hnh dang va kieu che tao da duoc duyet. Day cap
dien thoai di ngam la loai day 1/0.5mm2.
2. He thong truyen hnh cap:
1. Mo ta chuc nang:
He thong khuech dai: Do tn hieu duoc truye n dan tren mo t khoang cach kha xa va khac
nhau doi voi tung can ho va khu chung cu de duo c dat muc chuan, he tho ng se duoc bo tr cac
bo khuech dai dai rong UHF-VHF dat tai
cac vi tr thch hop de tn hieu den moi can ho dat muc chuan. Mat khac de thuan tien cho
viec trien khai cac dich vu khac tren mang cap sau nay (internet bang thong rong tren mang
cap). Nen cac bo khuech dai duoc su dung la loai khuech dai 2 chieu: Chieu di co dai tan tu
82-860Mhz, chieu ve co dai tan tu 5-65Mhz. Toan bo he thong khue ch dai duoc cung cap
nguon tai 1 noi, tai day duoc dau noi vao he thong dien cong cong co gan dien ke theo doi de
don vi khai thac he thong truyen hnh cap thanh toan tien dien da tieu thu cho don vi quan ly.
1. Cac bo khuech dai va cac bo chia tn hieu hay Tap-Out va cac tap die m duoc dat
trong phong ky thuat co nhiem vu phan chia tn hieu cho khu chung cu, tuy theo
chung cu ma cac bo chia, tap diem nay se tuong ung cho cac can ho va dat muc
cong suat hop ly
2. Tu AMP tu de bao ve Tap-Out, bo chia,tap die m co kch thuoc 200*200
3. Cap quang don not tu mang truyen hnh cap dan vao gen thiet bi truyen hnh thong
tin, not quang chuyen do i tn hieu tu quang sang dien sau do khuech dai tn hieu va
phan phoi den cac bo khuech dai cua cac don nguyen. Tu cac bo khuech dai tn hieu
truyen hnh dan den cac tu tang, tai day tn hieu qua cac bo chia dan vao cac khu
vuc.
4. Cap truyen hnh tren cac mach chnh tu node quang den cac tu khuech dai va tu cac
tu khuech dai den cac bo chia (Trong tu tang) su dung cap RG-11, tu bo chia dan
den cac can ho va cua hang su dung cap RG-6 sao cho tnh hieu tai cac dau ra la 64
dBV.
5. Ket noi cac cong trnh CT1, CT2 va CT3 su dung cap QR540 qua cong quang 2 ngo.

47
2. Tham chieu cheo:
* Tong quat:
- Phu hop voi nhung yeu cau chung ve he thong.
* Nhung phan lien quan:
- Cac yeu cau chung ve dien, ong dien, mang ca p va cac phu kien khac.
3. Tieu chuan ky thuat
- Thiet ke duoc dua tren cac tieu chuan duoc ap dung cho Truyen hnh Cap Viet nam va
yeu cau ky thuat cua chu dau tu.
- Thie t ke duoc tham chieu theo cac tieu chuan va nguyen tac nhu IEEE, IEC, FCC, tieu
chuan Chau Au EN 50083.
4. Yeu cau:
Ban ve:
- ua ra cac qui luat tong quan va y do thie t ke gom so do nguyen ly he thong CATV va
so do di day.
Cac yeu cau ve he thong:
- Khong giam sut ve ma t chat luong hnh anh so voi dau vao he thong CATV den bat ky
diem phan phoi nao kha c.
- Su dung may do muc tn hieu de kiem tra muc tn hieu theo tieu chuan he thong truyen
hnh
- He thong phai co nguo n thu tn hieu on dinh va co do du tru de dam bao chat luong tn
hieu khi he thong bi suy giam dan theo thoi gian.

2. Chat luong he thong:
2.1. Tieu chuan thuc hien:
- He thong trung tam: Loai da kenh va dieu chnh co dinh.
- Ngo vao cho he thong trung tam va bo khuech dai: 60dBV den 80dBV.
- Muc tn hieu tai ngo ra TV: >7dBmv
2.2. Trnh duyet:
- Trnh duyet tan so cac kenh trong he thong.
- Bao cao chat luong tn hieu thu duoc va dua ra phuong phap.
Ban ve thi cong va phuong phap tnh toan:
- Ban ve so do khoi he thong, dua ra vi tr cac thiet bi va so do di day.
- Tnh toan the hien muc tn hieu tai ngo ra bo khuech dai, bo chia, tap tach tn hieu va
ngo ra TV tren ban ve.
- Ma so cac thiet bi va nha san xuat.
Trnh cac tai lieu ky thuat va mau cua tat ca cac thiet bi.
3. He thong PA.
- He thong am thanh co ng cong duoc gan loa o cac tang : o hanh lang va tang ham
- uong tn hieu se di theo truc hop gieng dien nhe tu tang ham den tang ky thuat.
- Trung tam thong bao duoc lap dat o phong bao ve quan ly toa nha.
- Ap luc am thanh toi thieu de nghe khong duoi 15dB, nhung tren muc on ao xung quanh,
dieu nay duoc tong hop nhu sau:

48
STT Khu vuc Muc do xung
quanh (dB)

1. Khu vuc cong cong 70
2. Bai dau xe 75-80
3. Van phong, phong dieu khien 60-65
4. Phong Ve sinh 50
5. Cau thang bo 50
6. Phong may va khu phuc vu 80-90
- Toan bo tan so phat ra cua he thong se nhieu hon 200Hz den 9000Hz.
- Tnh chat am thanh bao phu o do cao 1,5m se khong nhieu hon 2dB cho tan so len den
4000Hz va khong nhieu hon 8dB cho tan so len den 8000Hz cho moi khu vuc.
- He thong PA trong co ng trnh su dung mot ampli 240W va 1 bo chon vung cho cong
trnh.
PHAN VI : HE THONG THANG MAY
- He thong thang may duoc bo tr trong vach cu ng chiu luc cua toan bo cong trnh. Tong
cong co 03 thang may, trong do 01 thang cho hang va 02 thang cho nguoi.
* Cac so lieu ky thuat chu yeu cua thang may cho nguoi du kien su dung :
- Tai trong = 1000 kg/thang (toi da 22 nguoi).
- Toc do = 1,75 m/s.
- So diem dung = 22 diem ( ham ,tret, lung,20 lau ).
- Hanh trnh = 45,4 m
- Kch thuoc cabin = 1400 (W) x 1350 (D) x 2200 (H).
- Kch thuoc cua = 900 (W) x 2100 (H).
- ong co = 20 HP.
- Nguon dien = AC 380 V 50 Hz 3 PHASE.
* Cac thong so ky thuat chu yeu cua thang may cho hang du kien su dung:
- Tai trong = 1600 kg/thang (toi da 24 nguoi).
- Toc do = 1 m/s.
- So diem dung = 22 diem ( ham ,tret, lung,20 lau ).
- Hanh trnh = 45,4 m
- Kch thuoc cabin = 2020 (W) x 1800 (D) x 2200 (H).
- Kch thuoc cua = 1400 (W) x 2100 (H).
- ong co = 20 HP.
- Nguon dien = AC 380 V 50 Hz 3 PHASE.
- Viec tnh toan thiet ke tuan thu theo qui dinh hien hanh cua Viet Nam va yeu cau an
toan trong lap dat va su dung.

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