XỬ LÝ NƯỚC CẤP

N X L NC THI
GVHD: Th.s: NGUYN NGC THIP

SVTH: TRNG THANH ON Trang 1

TRNG I HC TI NGUYN CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
V MI TRNG TP.HCM. c lp T do Hnh phc
Khoa Mi Trng .o0o.
B Mn Cp Thot Nc

THIT K N MN HC

X L NC THI

H v tn: Trng Thanh on
Lp: 05LTCDCTN
MSSV: 0530060001
GVHD:Th.s .Nguyn Ngc Thip

N X L NC THI


LI CM N

Khong thi gian mt thng c s hng dn tn tnh ca thy Ngc Thip ph
trch mn hc gip em hon thnh n ny, vi nhng kin thc hc c
cng s gip tn tnh ca cc thy c trong khoa. n ny l bc khi u
quan trng cho cng vic ca ngi lm cng tc mi trng sau ny. n chnh
l iu kin cho chng em rn luyn k nng thao tc trong vic vn dng cc kin
thc hc t nh trng vo thc t. ng thi to cho chng em thc t chc,
tinh thn c lp, k nng lm vic lm quen khi gii quyt vn . Lm hnh
trang cho chng em sau ny khi bc vo i. n hon thnh l kt qa lm
vic n lc ca bn thn cng s hng dn v gip ca thy c, bn b.
Em c bit by t lng bit n su sc chn thnh n Thy Nguyn Ngc Thip
tn tnh hng dn gip em trong qu trnh hon thnh n ny.
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong khoa Mi trng lun to iu
kin thun li cho chng em hon thnh tt n ny.

TP.HCM. Ngy thngnm 201

Sinh vin thc hin.

Trng Thanh on

N X L NC THI


LI NHN XT CA GVHD

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TP.HCM ngy thng nm 2014
Gio vin hng dn

N X L NC THI


MC LC

Li cm n ............................................................................................................... 2
Li nhn xt ca GVHD .......................................................................................... 3
Chng 1: THUYT MINH CHUNG ................................................................. 6
I: Mc ch v yu cu
1: Mc ch
2: Yu cu
II: Gii thiu s lc
1: S liu tham kho thnh phn tnh cht nc thi cng c
2: Mt s gii hn nng nhim cho php trong nc thi
Chng 2: TNG QUAN CC PHNG PHP X L NC THI THY
SN
I: Phng php c hc.
1: Song chn rc.
2: B lng ct.
3: B iu ha.
4: B lng.
II: Phng php ha hc.
1: Phng php trung ha.
2: Phng php oxi ha kh.
3: Phng php kh trng nc thi.

N X L NC THI


III: Phng php ha l.
1: Phng php keo t.
2: Tuyn ni.
3: Hp th.
IV: Phng php sinh hc.
V: Phng php x l bn cn nc thi.
VI: La chn phng php v cng ngh x l nc thi.
1: Phng n 1
2: Phng n 2
3: Thuyt minh phng n
Thuyt minh phng n 1
Thuyt minh phng n 2
4: Kt lun
Chng 3: TNH TON THIT K CC CNG TRNH N V
I: Lu lng nc thi
1: Song chn rc
2: B iu ha
a. Chc nng
b. Tnh ton
3: B LNG 1
a: Nhim v
b: Tnh ton
4: B UASB
a: Tnh kch thc b.
b: tnh h thng ng phn phi nc
N X L NC THI


c: Tnh ng thu kh
d: Tnh lng bn sinh ra mi ngy
5: B Aerotank
a: Tnh kch thc b.
b: Tnh lng khng kh cn thit
c: tnh h thng phn phi kh
6: b lng 2
7: B kh trng:
8: B nn bn:
9: Sn phi bn
II: Tnh ton thit b cung cp kh:
1: thit b cung cp kh cho b iu ha
2: Thit b cung cp kh cho b Aerotank
Chng 4: TNH TON KINH T
I: Din tch mt bng xy dng
II: Chi ph xy dng
III: Chi ph cho phn u t trang thit b
Chng 5: KT LUN V KIN NGH
I: Kt lun.
II: Kin ngh.
TI LIU THAM KHO

N X L NC THI


Chng 1: THUYT MINH CHUNG
I: Mc ch v yu cu.
1: Mc ch.
n mn hc nhm gip cho cc sinh vin chuyn ngnh cp thot nc lm
quen vi cng tc thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi ngoi thc t.
Rn luyn k nng v thao tc trong vic ng dng cc kin thc hc t nh
trng vo thc t ,bc u lm quen vi vic p dng cc tiu chun thit k,
quy chun k thut hin hnh ca nh nc.
Rn luyn v t chc, tinh thn c lp, k nng lm vic p lc cao lm quen
khi gii quyt vn thc t.
2: Yu cu.
Trc khi lm n mn hc, sinh vin phi nghin cu k phn l thuyt hc,
cc ti liu cn thit cho qu trnh thit k.
Trn c s phn l thuyt c hc trn lp, cc ti liu tham kho sinh vin c
th t mnh tnh ton thit k mt trm x l nc thi cho khu dn c , th,nh
my, khu cng nghip c th theo yu cu ca ti.
II: Gii thiu s lc.
Cng nghip ch bin thy sn l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip pht trin
kh mnh khu vc pha nam. Bn cnh nhng li t t c to ln v kinh t-x
hi, ngnh cng nghip ny cng pht sinh nhiu vn mi trng bc xc cn
phi gii quyt, trong nhim do nc thi v x l nc thi cng nghip l
mt trong nhng mi quan tm hng u.
Nguyn liu ca ngnh cng nghip ny rt phong ph v a dng, t cc loi thy
hi sn t nhin cho n cc loi thy sn chn nui. Cng ngh ch bin cng kh
a dng ty theo tng mt hng nguyn liu v c tnh loi sn phm( thy sn
ti sng ng lnh,thy sn kh, thy sn luc cp ng). Do s phong ph v
a dng v loi nguyn vt liu v sn phm nn thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi
cng nghip ch bin thy sn cng ht sc a dng v phc tp.Trong quy trnh
cng ngh ch bin cc loi thy sn, nc thi ch yu sinh ra t cng on ra
sch v s ch nguyn liu. Trong nc thi thng cha nhiu mnh vn tht v
N X L NC THI


rut ca cc loi thy sn, cc mnh vn ny thng d lng v d phn hy gy
nn cc mi hi tanh.
Ni cch tng qut, nc thi cng nghip ch bin thy sn ni chung v cng c
ni ring thng c cc thnh phn nhim vt qu tiu chun thi cho php
nhiu ln.Chnh v th cn c cc bin php thch hp kim sot nhim mi
trng do nc thi gy ra l mt trong nhng yu cu ht sc cn thit.

1: S liu tham kho thnh phn tnh cht nc thi cng c
STT Ch tiu n v Ncthi
(TCVN5945-1995)
1 PH 5.5 9
2 SS mg/l 100 400
3 BOD
5
mg/l 800 1900
4 COD mg/l 1200 - 3000

2: Mt s gii hn nng nhim cho php trong nc thi
STT Ch tiu n v
Ngun loi B
(TCVN5945-1995)

1 PH 5.5 9
2 SS mg/l 100
3 BOD
5
mg/l 50
4 COD mg/l 100
5 Tng N mg/l 60
6 Tng P mg/l 6
7 Nhit
O
C 40

N X L NC THI


Chng 2: TNG QUAN CC PHNG PHP X L NC THI THY SN
I: Phng php c hc.
1: Song chn rc.
Nc thi dn vo h thng x l trc ht phi i qua song chn rc hoc
thit b nghin rc. Ti y cc thnh phn rc c kch thc ln nh: v
hp, bao nylon, cui c gi li.Song chn rc thng t trc
bo v cc bm khng b nght hay nh hng n cc qu trnh x l sau.
2: B lng ct.
B lng ct c nhim v loi b ct, cui hoc cc tp cht v c khc c
kch thc t 0.2 2mm ra khi nc thi nhm m bo an ton cho bm
khi b ct, si bo mn, trnh tc ng ng v nh hng n cng trnh
sinh hc pha sau (x l sinh hc), b metan v b lng hai v th ct l
cht tha.
Cc loi b lng ct : B lng ct ngang ,b lng ct ng ,b lng ct tip
tuyn ,b lng ct lm thong.
Ngoi ra cn c b lng ct ng nhng khng thng dng.Ct t b lng ct
a i phi kh sn phi ct v ct kh thng c s dng li cho mc
ch xy dng.
3: B iu ha.
B iu ha c nhim v duy tr dng thi v nng vo cc cng trnh x
l, khc phc nhng s c vn hnh do s dao ng v nng v lu lng
ca nc thi gy ra, ng thi nng cao hiu sut ca qu trnh x l sinh
hc.

N X L NC THI


4: B lng.
B lng c nhim v lng cc ht cn l lng c trng lng ring ln hn
trng lng ring ca nc, cn hnh thnh trong qu trnh keo t to thnh
bng (b lng t 1) hoc cn sinh ra trong qu trnh x l sinh hc (b lng
t 2). Theo chiu dng chy, b lng c phn thnh: b lng ngang, b
lng ng, b lng Radian
B lng c cu to mt bng hnh ch nht hay hnh trn, c thit k
loi b bng trng lc cc ht cn c trong nc thi theo dng lin tc vo
b.
II: Phng php ha hc.
L phng php dng cc phn ng ha hc chuyn cc cht nhim thnh cc
cht t nhim hn, cht t nhim thnh cht khng nhim. v d nh dng cc
cht oxi ha nh Ozone, H
2
O
2
, O
2
, CL
2
, oxi ha cc cht hu c, v c c
trong nc thi.
1: Phng php trung ha.
Nc thi cha cc axit v c hoc kim cn c trung ha a PH v khong
6.5 - 8.5 trc khi thi vo ngun nc hoc s dng cho cc cng on x l tip
theo.
Trung ha nc thi c th thc hin bng nhiu cch nh sau:
Trn ln nc thi c tnh axit vi nc thi c tnh kim.
B sung cc tc nhn ha hc.
Lc nc thi c tnh axit qua vt liu c tc dng trung ha.
Hp th kh axit bng nc kim hoc hp th ammoniac bng nc axit.

N X L NC THI


2: Phng php oxi ha kh.
Mc ch ca phng php ny l chuyn cc cht nhim c hi c trong nc
thi thnh cc cht t c hn v c loi ra khi nc thi.qu trnh ny tiu tn
mt lng ln cc tc nhn ha hc do qu trnh oxi ha ch c dng trong
nhng trng hp khi cc cht gy nhim khng th tch bng phng php
khc.
3: Phng php kh trng nc thi.

Kh trng nc thi l giai on cui cng ca cng ngh x l nc thi nhm
loi b vi trng v virus gy bnh trc khi x vo ngun nc.
C th dng clo kh trng nc hoc kh trng bng ozon, tia hng ngoi
nhng cn phi cn nhc v mt kinh t.
III: Phng php ha l.

L phng php ng dng cc qu trnh ha l x l nc thi ,nhm gim mt
phn cc cht nhim ra khi nc thi. qu trnh x l nc thi bng phng
php ha l l p dng cc qu trnh vt l v ha hc a vo nc thi cht
phn ng no gy tc ng vi cc tp cht.
1: Phng php keo t.
Keo t l qu trnh kt hp cc ht l lng khi cho cc cht cao phn t vo nc.
S keo t c tin hnh nhm thc y qu trnh to bong hydroxit nhm v st
vi mc ch tng vn tc lng ca chng.

N X L NC THI


2: Tuyn ni.
Thng c s dng tch cc hp cht dng rn hoc lng,khng tan. Trong
s l nc thi tuyn ni thng c s dng kh cc cht l lng. u im
ca phng php ny so vi phng php lng l c th kh c hon ton cc
ht nh v nh, lng chm. khi cc ht ni ln trn b mt, chng ta c th thu gom
bng b phn vt bt.
3: Hp th.

Phng php ny c dng rng ri v n lm sch trit nc thi khi cc
cht hu c ha tan khi x l sinh hc cng nh x l cc b khi nc thi c cha
mt hm lng rt nh cc cht .
IV: Phng php sinh hc.

Phng php x l sinh hc nc thi da trn c s hot ng ca vi sinh
vt phn hy cc cht hu c nhim bn. Do vy,iu kin u tin v v
cng quan trng l nc thi l mi trng sng ca qun th vi sinh vt
phn hy cc cht hu c c trong nc thi .Mun m bo iu kin ny
nc thi phi
Khng c cht c lm cht hoc c ch ton h vi sinh vt trong nc thi
.Cn ch dn cc hm lng cc kim loi nng ( th t c hi gim dn:
Sb > Ag >Cu > Hg > Co> Ni > Pb > Cr
3+
> V > Cd > Zn > Fe ), mui ca
cc kim loi ny nh hng nhiu ti i sng vi sinh vt, nu vt ngng
cho php cc vi sinh vt khng th sinh trng c v c th b cht.
Cht hu c trong nc thi phi c cht dinh dng ngun cacbon v nng
lng (hidratcacbon,protein, lipit ha tan) cho vi sinh vt.
N X L NC THI


y l phng php ph bin v thng dng trong cc cng trnh x l nc
thi v c u im l gi thnh h d vn hnh.
on
Nguyn l lm vic
B Aerotank l cng trnh x l sinh hc s dng bn hot tnh ( l bn
xp cha nhiu vi sinh c kh nng oxy cc cht hu c).
Thc cht qu trnh x l nc thi bng b Aerotank vn qua 3 giai on:
Giai on 1: Tc oxy ho xc nh bng tc tiu th oxy.
Giai on 2: Bn hot tnh khi phc kh nng oxy ho ng thi oxy ho
tip nhng cht hu c chm oxy ho.
Giai on 3: Giai on nit vi cc mui amn.
Khi s dng b Aerotank phi c h thng cp kh cung cp oxy cho b
hot ng.
Cht dinh dng: b hot ng tt, trong nc thi phi c lng cht
dinh dng nht nh, c trng bng t l BOD5:N:P 150:5:1. Nu trong
nc thi khng cht dinh dng N,P ( nc thi cng nghip l ch yu)
th phi b sung cht dinh dng thng l phn ADP, mt ma
V: Phng php x l bn cn nc thi.
Nhim v ca x l cn (cn c to nn trong qu trnh x l nc thi )
l :
Lm gim th tch v m ca cn
n nh cn
Kh trng v s dng li cn cho cc mc ch khc nhau
Ct t b lng ct c dn n sn phi ct nlm ro nc v ch i s
dng vo cc mc ch khc .
Cn ti t b lng t 1 c dn n b metan x l .
Mt phn bn hot tnh (vi sinh vt l lng) t b lng t 2 c dn tr
li b Aeroten tip tc tham gia qu trnh x l (gi l bn hot tnh tun
hon ) c dn n b nn bn lm gim m v th tch,sau c
dn vo b metan tip tc x l
i vi cc trm x l nc thi c cng sut nh,vic x l cn c th tin
hnh n gin hn: Nn v sau lm ro nc sn phi bn .
N X L NC THI


B nn bn.
Mc ch nn bn cn l to iu kin cho cc qu trnh x l bn cn tip
theo din ra nnh ,th tch cng trnh gim. Ngi ta thng tch nc s
b bn cn bng cc bin php
Trng lc ( t nn trong cc b nn bn
Tuyn ni ( c hiu qu nn cao gp 10 15ln so vi phng n trng lc )
Tch nc ly tm hoc phng n xung (t s dng )
Trn thc t ngi ta hay s dng phng n bng trng lc . B nn bn
trng lc thng s dng loi b nn bn ng ( khi c cng sut nh ) v b
nn bn ly tm ( khi cng sut ln ). B nn bn trng lc c cu to gn
ging vi b lng ,nhng tc my gt cn ln hn , dc ca b ln
hn.Chiu cao cng tc khong 3.3m 3.7m, dc y b thng l 1/6 n
1/4.

VI: La chn phng php v cng ngh x l nc thi.

Vic la chn s cng ngh x l da vo cc yu t c bn sau:
Cng sut ca trm x l
Thnh phn v c tnh nc thi
Mc cn thit x l nc thi
Tiu chun x thi vo cc ngun tip nhn tng ng
Phng php x l cn.
iu kin mt bng v c im i cht thu vn khu vc xy dng trm
x l nc thi.
Cc ch tiu kinh t k thut khc.
T nhng kt qu tnh ton v cc iu kin nu trn ,ta c th la
chn hai phng n sau:

N X L NC THI


- PHNG N I
X l c hc
+Song chn rc
B iu ho.
- X l sinh hc
+B lng 1
+B Aerotank
+B lng 2
- X l cn
+ B nn bn
- Kh trng v x nc thi sau x l ra sng
+B kh trng
+Cng trnh x nc thi sau x l ra sng

- PHNG N
- X l c hc
+Song chn rc
+B iu ha
- X l sinh hc
+B lng 1
+B UASB
B Aerotank
+B lng 2
- X l cn
+ B nn bn
- Kh trng v x nc thi sau x l ra sng
+B tip xc kh trng
+Cng trnh x nc thi sau x l ra sng

N X L NC THI


PHNG N 1

kh

bn tun hon

Nc thi
B iu ha
Song chn rc
Thi kh
clo
B nn bn
Sn phi bn
Ngun tip nhn
B kh trng
B lng 1
B Aeroten
B lng 2
N X L NC THI


PHNG N

kh

bn tun hon

Nc thi
B iu ha
Song chn rc
Thi kh
clo
B nn bn
Sn phi bn
Ngun tip nhn
B kh trng
B lng 1
B Aeroten
B lng 2
B UASB
N X L NC THI


1: Thuy minh phng n 1.
Nc thi qua song chn rc loi b cc tp cht c kch thc ln c th gy
tc nghn ng ng. lng rc s c ly bng phng php th cng.
Nc thi sau khi qua song chn rc s c dn n b iu ha.trong b iu ha
b tr thit b khuy trn m bo ha tan v san u nng cc cht bn trong
ton b b v khng cho cn lng trong b. T y nc thi c bm a vo b
lng t 1. Nc chy vo ng trung tm, sau khi ra khi ng trung tm nc thi
va vo tm chn thay i hng, dng ln thn b qua mng thu ri dn qua b
Aerotank . Ti b Aerotank din ra qu trnh oxi ha cc cht hu c c trong nc
thi vi s tham gia ca cc vi sinh vt hiu kh. Hn hp nc thi v bn hot
tnh t b Aerotak n b lng 2.
B ny c tc dng lng bn hot tnh qua x l b Aerotank ,bn sau khi lng
mt phn s c tun hon li b Aerotank nhm duy tr nng bn hot tnh,
phn bn cn li s dn sang b nn bn. Nc thi sau khi qua b lng 2 trc khi
x ra ngun tip nhn th phi qua khu kh trng nhm loi b cc vi khun gy
bnh cho ngi. Ton b bn pht sinh t b lng 1 v b lng 2 s c a n
b nn bn v sau s a n sn phi bn.
2: Thuy minh phng n 2.
Nc thi qua song chn rc loi b cc tp cht c kch thc ln c th gy
tc nghn ng ng. lng rc s c ly bng phng php th cng.
Nc thi sau khi qua song chn rc s c dn n b iu ha.trong b iu ha
b tr thit b khuy trn m bo ha tan v san u nng cc cht bn trong
ton b b v khng cho cn lng trong b. T y nc thi c bm a vo b
lng t 1. Nc chy vo ng trung tm, sau khi ra khi ng trung tm nc thi
va vo tm chn thay i hng, dng ln thn b qua mng thu ri dn qua b
UASB. Khi nc thi c dn n b UASB phi m bo nc thi c phn
phi u trn din tch y b , sau nc thi c dn n b Aerotank.Ti b
Aerotank din ra qu trnh oxi ha cc cht hu c c trong nc thi vi s tham
gia ca cc vi sinh vt hiu kh. Hn hp nc thi v bn hot tnh t b Aerotak
n b lng 2.
N X L NC THI


B ny c tc dng lng bn hot tnh qua x l b Aerotank ,bn sau khi lng
mt phn s c tun hon li b Aerotank nhm duy tr nng bn hot tnh,
phn bn cn li s dn sang b nn bn. Nc thi sau khi qua b lng 2 trc khi
x ra ngun tip nhn th phi qua khu kh trng nhm loi b cc vi khun gy
bnh cho ngi. Ton b bn pht sinh t b lng 1 v b lng 2 s c a n
b nn bn v sau s a n sn phi bn.
Kt lun
Hai phng ntrn u t hiu qu x l. C 2 phng n v mt kinh t v cho
thy c 2 phng n u m bo v mt k thut,hiu qu x l nc thi .mc d
phng n 2 c chi ph u t kinh ph xy dng cng trnh cao hn phng n 1,
nhng x l trit BOD, N, P. Do ta chn phng n 2 lm phng n tnh
ton.

Chng 3: TNH TON THIT K CC CNG TRNH N V

I: Lu lng nc thi
Lu lng nc thi trung bnh ngy m ca cng c:
= 900 (m
3
/ng)
Lu lng nc thi trung bnh gi:
= 900 / 24 = 37.5 (m
3
/h)
Lu lng nc thi trung bnh giy:
Q
tb-s
= 37.5 / 3600 = 0.01042 (m
3
/s) = 10.42 (l/s)
Da vo lu lng nc thi trung bnh giy Q
tb-s
= 10.42 (l/s), theo tiu
chun xy dng TCXDVN 51:2008, ta c h s khng iu ha chung
l:
= 2.5
= 0.38
Do , Lu lng nc thi ln nht gi l:
N X L NC THI


= 37.5 2.5 = 93.75 (m

3
/h)
Suy ra :
= 0.02 (m
3
/s)
Lu lng nc thi nh nht gi l:
= 37.5 0.38 = 14.25 (m

3
/h)
Suy ra :
= 0.004 (m
3
/s)
H s gi cao im:
K
h- max
= Q
h- max
/ Q
h
tb
= 93.75 / 37.5 = 2.5
H s gi nh nht:
K
h- min
= Q
h- min
/ Q
h
tb
= 14.25 / 37.5 = 0.38
1: Song chn rc
Chn chiu rng mng dn ca song chn rc.
Chn B
k
= 0,3(m)
Chiu cao lp nc trong mng l :
h =

= 0.07 (m)
Chn h = 0.07(m)
Song chn rc c tnh theo lu lng ln nht v nc thi cha iu ha.
S khe h ca song chn rc c tnh theo cng thc:
n=
x k
z
=

= 16.7 khe
Chn n = 17( khe).
Trong :
n- s khe h
Q
s
max
- lu lng ln nht ca nc thi, Q
s
max
= 0,02 (m
3
/s)
N X L NC THI


V- tc nc chy qua song chn,v = 0,8
1
(m/s, chn v = 1 (m/s)
b- khong cch gia 2 khe h, b = 1625(mm), chn b = 18 (mm).
k
z
- h s tnh n mc cn tr ca dng chy do h thng co rc (k
z
=
1,05)
(Theo Gio trnh X l nc thi-PGS.TS Hng Hu)
Chn thnh mng l mt song chn rc.
Chiu rng ca song chn c tnh bng cng thc:
B
S
= S.(n-1)+(b x n) = 0,08 . (17 -1) + (0,018 x 17) = 1.586 m
Tong :o l b dy ca thanh chn rc o = 0,08(m)
Tn tht p lc song chn rc:

Trong :
v
max
- vn tc ca nc thi trc song chn ng vi Q
max
, v
max
= 1 (m/s).
h s s tng tn tht p lc do rc mc vo song chn (k = 2-3) chn k = 3
- h s sc cn cc b ca song chn c xc nh theo cng thc:
sin
b
4/3
|
.
|
\
|
=
o
.
- h s ph thuc vo tit din ngang ca thanh song chn. Ly tit din
ngang ca song chn rc l hnh ch nht (loi I) = 2,42.
- gc nghing ca song chn so vi hng dng chy, chn = 60
o

0.72 .sin60
0,018
0,008
2,42. sin
b
0
4/3 4/3
= |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
o

(Theo Lm Minh Trit X l nc thi, tnh tn thit k cc cng trnh)

k
g
v
h
C
=
2
max
2
|
|
o o
N X L NC THI


Vy tn tht p lc song chn rc:
2
max
C
v
h
2 g
k
=

3 = 0.11 (m)
Chiu di phn m rng trc thanh chn l
1 :

m
tg tg
B B
L
m S
80 . 1
20 2
3 . 0 586 . 1
2
1
=

Trong : - gc nghing ch m rng, thng ly = 20
o

Chiu di ca on m sau song chn:
l
2
=

Chiu di xy dng ca phn mng lp t song chn:
L = l
1
+ l
2
+ l
S
= 1.78+ 0.9+ 1,5 = 4.18 (m).
Trong : L
S
: chiu di phn mng t song chn rc, ly L
S
= 1,5m.
Chn L = 4 (m).
Chiu su xy dng ca phn mng t song chn:
H = h
max
+ h
c
+ h
bv
= 0.07 +0.11 + 0,5 = 0.68 (m).
Chn H = 0.7 (m)
Trong :
0,5 : khong cch gia ct sn nh t song chn rc v mc nc cao nht.
Hm lng COD ,BOD
5,
SS sau khi qua song chn rc gim 4% (theo x l nc
thi th v cng nghip tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ca Lm Minh Trit).
Hm lng COD = 2000 (100 4)/100 = 1920 mg/l
Hm lng BOD
5
= 1400 (100 4)/100 = 1344 mg/l
Hm lng SS = 350 (100 4)/100 = 336 mg/l

N X L NC THI


Bng 5.3: Tm tt cc thng s thit k song chn rc
STT Tn hng s K hiu n v Kch hc
1 Chiu di on mng m
trc song chn rc
L
1
m 1.8
2 Chiu di on mng m
sau song chn rc
L
2
m 0.9
3 Chiu rng mng dn B
K
m 0.3
4 Chiu cao xy dng mng H m 0.7
5 S khe gia cc song chn n khe 17
6 Chiu rng gia cc khe b mm 18
7 Gc nghing

60

2: B iu ha
c. Chc nng:
Do lu lng v tnh cht nc thi thay i theo tng gi sinh hot. V vy,
cn thit xy dng b iu ha iu ha v lu lng, nng v nhit , to
iu kin ti u cho cc cng trnh pha sau.
d. Tnh ton:
Kch thc b:
Thi gian lu nc trong b iu ha l 4 8h (theo x l nc thi th v cng
nghip tnh ton thit k cng trnh ca Lm Minh Trit), ta chn t = 4h.
Th tch b:
t = 93.75 4 = 375 (
N X L NC THI


Vy chiu cao b iu ha H = 4(m)
Chiu rng b iu ha B = 8 (m)
Chiu di b iu ha L = 12 m)
Th tch thc t b iu ha bng 1.2 th tch b iu ha tnh ton theo l
thuyt( theo x l nc thi th v cng nghip tnh ton thit k cng trnh ca
Lm Minh Trit).
V = 1.2
= 1.2 375 = 450 (
).
Din tch b iu ha.
F = V / H = 450 / 4 = 112.5 (m
2
)
Chn mc nc thp nht trong b iu ha m bo cho bm hot ng l
0.5m , th tch lc l:
V = 0.5 112.5 = 56.25 (m
3
)
Th tch cn thit l:
V = 56.25 + 375 = 431.25 (m
3
)
Mc nc cao nht cch y b.
h = V / F = 431.25 / 112.5 = 3.85 (m)
chn chiu cao an ton l 0.5m, do tng chiu cao l:
H = 3.85 + 0.5 = 4.35 (m).
Th tch xy dng b iu ha.
V = H B L = 4.35 8 12
b : lng kh cn thit sc vo b iu ha.
trnh hin tng lng cn dn n phn hy k kh trong b iu ha th cn
cung cp mt lng kh thng xuyn.
Th tch cn sc kh:
V = 431.25 (m
3
)
N X L NC THI


Cng sc kh cho 1m ng di l 2m
3
/h (theo TCXD 51- 84)
Cc ng sc kh c t dc theo thn b trn cc gi vi cao 20cm so
vi y b.
Cc ng t cch nhau 1m
Chiu di mi ng l 11.5m
S ng cn t l 6 ng
Lu lng kh cn cung cp:
Q
kk
= R V
tt
Trong :
R: tc kh nn R = 10 15 l/m
3
pht ( theo x l nc thi th v cng
nghip tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ca Lm Minh Trit).
Chn R = 12 l/m
3
pht.
Q
kk
= 431.25 0.012 = 5.2 m
3
/pht = 124.8 m
3
/h.
Chn ng knh l phn phi l d = 20mm, cc l cch nhau 200mm
S l trn mi ng l:
n = 11.5 / 0.2 = 57 l
Chn vn tc kh i trong ng v = 10m/s
Din tch ng dn kh:
A = Q
kk
/ v = 0.0866 / 10 = 0.0086 (m
2
)
ng knh ng:
D =

=

= 0.103 (m)
Chn D = 100 (mm)

N X L NC THI


Bng 5.3: Tm tt cc thng s thit k b iu ha
1 Chiu di b L m 12
2 Chiu rng b B m 8
3 Chiu cao b H m 4.35
4 ng knh ng dn kh D mm 100
5 Chiu di ng dn kh l m 11.5
6 ng knh l phn phi d mm 20
7 S l phn trn ng dn kh n L 57

3: B LNG 1
a: Nhim v
Lng cc tp cht phn tn nh (cht l lng) di dng cn lng xung y
b hoc ni trn mt nc.
b: Tnh ton.
BOD vo = 1344 mg/l
SS vo = 336 mg/l
Thi gian lu nc trong b t = 1.5 2.5h (theo x l nc thi th v cng
nghip tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ca Lm Minh Trit).
Chn thi gian lu nc t = 1.5h
Th tch ca b lng:
V = Q t = 93.75 1.5 = 140.625 (m
3
)
Din tch ca b:
F
1
= Q / V

N X L NC THI


Trong :
V: vn tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong b lng, v = 0.5 0.8 mm/s
Chn v = 0.8 mm/s = 2.88 m/h( theo TCXD 51- 84)
F
1
= Q / V = 93.75 / 2.88 = 32.55 (m
2
)
Din tch ng trung tm:
F
2
= Q / V
Trong :
V: vn tc nc chy trong ng trung tm, thng ly v = 30 mm/s v khng qu
100 mm/s .chn v = 30 mm/s = 108 m/h (theo x l nc thi ca Hong Hu).
F
2
= Q / V = 93.75 / 108 = 0.87 (m
2
)
Din tch tng cng ca b:
F = F
1
+ F
2
= 32.55 + 0.87 = 33.42 (m
2
)
ng knh ca b:
D =

= 6.50 (m)
Chiu cao cng tc ca b:
H
0
= v t = 2.88 1.5 = 4.32 m
ng knh ng trung tm:
d = 20%D = 0.2 6.50 = 1.3 m
chiu cao ng trung tm 55 65% H
0
(theo bng 9 10 x l nc thi th v
cng nghiptnh ton thiets k cc cng trnh ca Lm Minh Trit tr410).
h
tt
= 0.6 4.32 = 2.6 m
ng knh ng loe:
d
1
= 1.3 d = 1.3 1.3 = 1.69 m
N X L NC THI


chiu cao ng loe:
h
2
= 1.3 d = 1.3 1.3 = 1.69 m
ng knh tm chn:
d
tc
= 1.3 d
1
= 1.3 1.69 = 2.2 m
chn
ng knh phn y nn d
n
= 0.5 m
= 45
0
to bi gc y b v mt ngang
Chiu cao phn hnh nn ca b lng:
m
tg tg
dn D
h
n
3
45 2
5 . 0 50 . 6
2
=

Chn chiu cao bo v h
bv
= 0.3 m
Chiu cao tng cng ca b lng:
H = H
0
+ h
n
+ h
bv
= 4.32 + 3 + 0.3 = 7.62 m
Hiu qu lng cn l lng v kh BOD
R =

Trong :
R : hiu qu kh BOD v SS.
a,b: hng s thc nghim (chn theo bng 4- 5 tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x
l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai).
t: thi gian lu nc.
hiu qu x l theo BOD.
R
BOD
=
= 31.25%
Hiu qu x l theo SS.
R
SS
=
= 52.63%
N X L NC THI


Hm lng BOD
5
trong dng ra khi b lng 1:
BOD
5
=
()
= 924 mg/l
Hm lng SS trong dng ra khi b lng 1:
SS =
()
= 159.2 mg/l
Th tch cha cn:
W
c
=
= 36 m
3

Thi gian gia hai ln x cn:
t =
)

trong :
f: nng trung bnh cn nn, chn f = 25000 (theo bng 3 3 x l nc cp
ca Nguyn Ngc Dung).
SS
vo
= 336 mg/l
SS
ra
= 159.2 mg/l
t =
()
= 145 h
chn thi gian gia 2 ln x cn l 145 h = 6 ngy.
Lng nc dng cho vic x cn b lng tnh bng % lng nc x l.
P =

Trong :
K
p
: h s pha long ,k
p
= 1.15 1.2 ,chn k
p
=1.2
P =

= 2.85 %

N X L NC THI


Tng lng cn ti thu c b lng 1:
P
1
=
(
= 6.6 (kg/h) = 160 (kg/ngy)

Chn ng knh thu bn l 90mm
Dng ng nha PVC c ng knh = 90 (mm) lm ng x cn cng vi bm
ht bn.
thu nc lng, ta dng mng thu chy trn xung quanh thnh b v nc khi
chy vo mng thu s chy qua cng trnh tip theo.
Thit k mng thu nc t theo chu vi thnh trong ca b ,ng knh ngoi ca
mng chnh l ng knh trong ca b.
Mng thu nc c ng knh = 70 90% ng knh b.
D
m
= 70% D = 0.70 6.50 = 4.55 m
Chiu di mng thu nc:
L
m
= 3.14 D
m
= 3.14 4.55 = 14.3 m
Ti trng mng:
q = Q / L
m
=

= 0.0018 (m
3
/sm)

N X L NC THI


Bng 5.3: Tm tt cc thng s thit k b lng 1
1 Chiu di ng trung tm h
2
m 2.6
2 ng knh tm chn d
2
m 1.3
4 ng knh b D m 6.50
5 ng knh phn loe ca
ng trung tm
d
1
m 1.69
6 ng knh ng trung tm d m 2.2
7 ng knh mng thu D
m
m 4.55

4: B UASB.
Nc thi s theo ng dn vo h thng phn phi,m bo phn phi iu nc
trn ton b din tch y b.
a: Tnh kch thc b.
lu lng Q = 900 (m
3
/ngy)
BOD vo = 924 (mg/l)
COD vo = 1920(mg/l)
Sau khi ra khi b UASB hm lng COD cn li < 300 (mg/l) a qua b
aerotank.
Hiu qu x l ca b UASB
E =
= 84.5%
Lng COD cn kh trong 1 ngy
G =
(

()
= 1458 (mg/l)
N X L NC THI


T l BOD / COD = 924 / 1920 = 0.48
BOD
ra
= 0.48 300 = 144 (mg/l)
Ti trng kh COD ca b UASB l 0.8 10 kgCOD/m
3
ngy
Chn a = 10 kg COD/m
3
ngy (theo bng 12-1 tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x
l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai).
Th tch x l k kh cn thit ca b.
V = G / a = 1458 / 10 = 145.8 (m
3
)
Nc thi i t di ln vi v = 0.6 0.9(m/h).
Chn v = 0.7 (m/h).(theo tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca Trnh
Xun Lai).
Din tch cn thit ca b:
F = Q / v = 900 / 24 0.7 = 54 (m
2
)
Chiu cao cng tc phn ym kh ca b.
Q = V / F = 145.8 / 54 = 2.7 (m)
Tng chiu cao xy dng.
H
b
= H + H
1
+ H
bv

Trong :
H
1
: chiu cao vng lng, m bo khong khng an ton cho bn lng xung
pha di th chiu cao vng lng >= 1 m.
Chn chiu cao lng 1.2 m
H
bv
: chiu cao bo v
Chn H
bv
= 0.3 m
H
b
= 2.7 + 1.2 + 0.3 = 4.2 (m)
Th tch b UASB:
V = H
b
F = 4.2 54 = 227 (m
3
)
N X L NC THI


Thi gian lu nc trong b:
t = V / Q = 227 / 900 24 = 6.05 (h)
Vi t = 6.05 (h) nm trong gii hn t = 5 10 h (theo tnh ton thit k cc cng
trnh x l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai)
Vn tc dng chy trong b:
v = H
b
/ t = 4.2 / 6.05 = 0.70(m/h)
chn
chiu rng b B = 4m
chiu di b L = 7m
b: tnh h thng ng phn phi nc.
vn tc nc chy trong ng ng chnh dao ng t 0.8 2 m/s
chn v = 1 m/s
ng knh ng chnh:
D
c
=

= 0.110 (m)
Chn D
c
= 110 (mm)
Cc ng nhnh c b tr dc theo chiu rng b
S ng nhnh l 7 ng
Chiu di mi ng l 3m
Cc ng t cch nhau 1m v cch thnh b 0.5m
Vn tc nc trong ng nhnh l 1.5 2.5 m/s
Chn v = 2m/s
ng knh ng nhnh:
D
n
=

= 0.08 (m)
Chn D
n
= 80 (mm)
N X L NC THI


Cc v tr phn phi nc c b tr cch nhau 750(mm) trn mi nhnh c th
phn phi u nc trn ton b din tch b.
c: Tnh ng thu kh.
Th tch kh sinh ra i vi 1kg COD c loi b l 0.5 (m
3
)
Tng th tch kh sinh ra trong 1 ngy:
Q
k
= 0.5 Q (1290 300 )10
-3
= 340 (m
3
/ngy)
Vn tc kh trong ng 10 15 m/s
Chn v = 10 m/s
ng knh ng dn kh:
D
k
=

= 0.022 (m)
Chn D
k
= 25 (mm)
d: Tnh lng bn sinh ra mi ngy.
Lng sinh khi bn sinh ra mi ngy:
P
x
=
(

()

Trong :
Y : h s sn lng t bo = 0.04g VSSg / COD
K
d
: h s phn hy ni bo 0.02 0.1
Chn 0.03 ngy
t
c
: tui bn trong b UASB = 60 ngy
COD vo 1920 (mg/l)
COD ra 300 (mg/l)
P
x
=
()
()
= 21 (kg/ngy)

N X L NC THI


Lng bn bm ra mi ngy:
Q
b
=

= 1.4 (m
3
/ngy)
Trong C
ss
l hm lng bn trong b = 20 kg/ngy (theo x l nc thi th
v cng nghip tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ca Lm Minh Trit )
Lng cht rn t bn d:
M
ss
= Q
b
C
ss
= 1.4 20 = 28 (kgSS/ ngy)
Bng 5.3: Tm tt cc thng s thit k b UASB
2 Chiu rng b B m 4
3 Chiu di b L m 7
4 ng knh ng phn phi chnh D
c
mm 110
5 ng knh ng phn phi nhnh D
n
mm 80
6 ng knh ng thu kh D
k
mm 25

5: B Aerotank
a: Tnh kch thc b.
hm lng COD vo = 300 mg/l
hm lng BOD vo = 144 mg/l
nc thi sau khi lng b lng 2 c cha 25 mg/l cn sinh hc,trong 65% cn
sinh hc d phn hy.
lng cn c th phn hy sinh hc.
0.65 25 = 16.25 mg/l

N X L NC THI


Qu trnh h hp ni bo c th biu din bng phn ng sau:
C
5
H
10
O
2
N + 5O
2
=> 5CO
2
+ 2H
2
O + NH
3
+ Q
113 mg 160mg
2 1.42mg
T phng trnh trn ta thy: nu tt c cc t bo b oxi ha hon ton th lng
COD ca cc t bo bng 1.42 ln nng (theo tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh
x l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai)
BOD
L
ca cn l lng d phn hy sinh hc ca nc thi
16.25 1.42 = 23.075 mg/l
H s chuyn i gia BOD
5
v BOD
20
t 0.45 0.68
Chn 0.68
BOD
5
ca cn l lng sau b lng 2
BOD
5
= BOD
L
0.68 = 23.075 0.68 = 15.7 mg/l
BOD
5
ha tan trong nc thi sau b lng 2 bng tng BOD
5
cho php u ra
Lng BOD
5
c trong cn l lng:
S = 25 15.7 = 9.3 mg/l
Hiu qu x l theo BOD
5
ha tan
E =
= 93.5%
Hiu qu x l ca b:
E =
= 82.6%

N X L NC THI


Th tch b Aerotank:
V =
)
(
)

Trong :
Y : gi tr c trng ca cc h s ng hc trong qu trnh x l nc
thi 0.4 0.8 . chn Y 0.6(mg bn hot tnh / mg BOD )(theo bng 5-1
tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai)
K
d
: hng s phn hy ni bo 0.02 0.1.chn K
d
= 0.055 ngy
-1
(theo
bng 5-1 tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca Trnh
Xun Lai)
: Thi gian lu bn. Trong cng trnh = 8 ngy(theo bng 5-1 tnh ton thit
k cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai)
X: nng bn hot tnh trong b Aerotank. V S
0
< 150 => X <=2000
Chn X 2000(theo bng tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc
thi ca Trnh Xun Lai).
V =
()
( )
= 202 (m
3
)
Chn
Chiu cao cng tc ca b H
ct
= 3m
Chiu cao bo v H
bv
= 0.5 m
Chiu cao tng cng ca b:
H = H
ct
+ H
bv
= 3 + 0.5 = 3.5 m
Chn t l chiu cao H:B 1:1
N X L NC THI


Chiu rng ca b B 3m
Chiu di ca b:
L =

= 22.5 m
Nng xut s dng cht nn:
Y
b
=

=

= 0.42
Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra do kh BOD
P
x
= Y
b
Q (S
0
S)
= 0.42 900 (144 9.3)10
-3
= 50.9 (kg/ngy)
Lng cn l lng sinh ra do theo tro ca cn:
P
xt
=

Trong :
Z : tro ca bn hot tnh.
P
xt
=

= 73 (kg/ngy)
Lng cn d hng ngy phi thi ra:
P
x
= P
xt
- Q 2510
-3
= 73 900 25 10
-3
= 50.5 (kg/ngy)
Lng bn hot tnh x ra hng ngy:
Q
x
=

Trong :
V : th tch b Aerotank m3
X : nng bn hot tnh trong b mg/l
N X L NC THI


Xt: nng bn hot tnh trong dng tun hon mg/l
Xt = (1 0.3) 10000 = 7000
Xra : nng bn hot tnh trong nc thi sau b lng 2 mg/l
: Thi gian lu bn trong b chn 8 ngy

Q
xa
=

= 4 m3/ngy
H s tun hon
=

= 0.4

= 0.75 nm trong gii hn cho php 0.25 1 (theo tnh ton thit k cc cng
trnh x l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai)
Lu lng bn tun hon
Qt = Q = 0.4 900 = 360 m3/ngy
Thi gian lu nc trong b
T = V / Q = 202 / 900 0.23 ngy 6 gi
Thi gian nm trong gii hn cho php 4 8 h
Kim tra t s F/M
F/M l t l BOD
5
c trong nc thi v bn hot tnh (mgBOD
5
/ mg bn)
F/M =

=

= 0.313 (

)
T s nm trong khong cho php 0.2 1 ngy (theo bng 6-1 tnh ton thit k
cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai)
b: Tnh lng khng kh cn thit.
OC
0
=

- 1.42 P
xa
+ =

N X L NC THI


Trong :
OC
0
: lng oxi cn thit theo iu kin tiu chun ca phn ng 25
o
c
Q: lu lng nc cn x l 900 (m3/ngy)
f: h s chuyn i BOD
5
sang BOD
20
thng l 0.45 0.68 . chn f 0.6
S
0
: nng BOD u vo
S : nng BOD u ra
P
x
: phn t bo d x ra ngoi theo bn d 50.5( kg/ngy)
1.42: h s chuyn i t t bo sang COD
N
0
: tng hm lng nito u vo N
0
= 80 mg/l
N : tng nito u ra N 60 mg/l
4.57: h s s dng oxi khi oxi ha NH
4
+
thnh NO
3
-

OC
0
=
( )

- 1.42 50.5 + =
( )

= 212 (kgO
2
/ngy)
Lng oxi cn thit trong iu kin thc t (theo cng thc 6-10 tnh ton thit k
cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai)
OC
t
= OC
0
(
)

()

Trong :
: h s iu chnh lc cng b mt theo hm lng muii vi nc thi ly =1
C
s:
nng oxi bo ha trong nc nhit lm vic 9.08 mg/l (theo x l
nc thi th v cng nghip tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ca Lm Minh
Trit).
C
d
: nng oxi cn duy tr trong cng trnh 1.5 2 mg/l. chn C
d
= 2 mg/l
: h s gim nng sut ha tan oxi do nh hng ca cn v cc cht hot ng b
mt nh = 0.6 0.94. chn = 0.7
OC
t
= 212 (

)

= 379 (kgO
2
/ngy)
N X L NC THI


Lng oxi trung bnh cn cung cp cho 1 h
OC
tb
= 379 / 24 = 16 (kgO
2
/h)
c: tnh h thng phn phi kh
cng sut ha tan oxi ca thit b phn phi kh l Ou 7g/m
3
m, v X <2000
=>

0.7 (theo bng 7 - 1 tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca
Trnh Xun Lai)
Chiu cao hu dng H 3m, su ngp nc h 2.8 m
Nng sut ha tan oxi vo nc t l thun vi chiu su ngp nc c xc nh
nh sau:
OU = Ou h = 7 2.8 = 19.6 gO
2
/m
3
Lng khng kh cn thit
Q
kk
= OC
t
/ OU f =

1.5 = 29005 (m
3
/h) = 1208 (m
3
/h)
Trong :
f: h s an ton, thng f 1.5 2 .chn f 1.5
OU: cng sut ha tan oxi vo nc thi ca thit b phn phi,tnh theo gam oxi
cho 1 m3 khng kh
OC
t
: lng oxi cn thit
Chn ng knh a phn phi 0.3 m, din tch b mt f 0.07 m2, cng kh
t 0.7 1.4 l/s.chn 1.4 l/s (theo tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi
ca Trnh Xun Lai).
S a phn phi kh:
n = Q
kk
/1.4 =

240 a
h thng phn phi kh c t theo chiu dc ca b
cch thnh b 0.5 m
c tt c 5 ng
N X L NC THI


mi ng cch nhau 0.5 m
di 10 m
s a trn 1 nhnh
m 240 / 5 48 a
khong cch gia cc a
l = 10 / 48 = 0.2 m
chn vn tc kh i trong ng v 10 m/s
ng knh ng dn kh
D =

=

= 0.20 m
ng knh ng dn bn tun hon:
D
bn
=

=

= 0.045 m
Trong : v 0.3 m/sl vn tc bn chy trong ng.

Bng 5.3: Tm tt cc thng s thit k b Aerotank
2 Chiu rng b B m 3
3 Chiu di b L m 22.5
4 ng knh a d

m 0.3
5 ng knh ng dn kh D

m 0.20
6 ng knh ng dn bn D
bn
m 0.045
7 S a phn phi kh N a 240

N X L NC THI


6: b lng 2
B lng 2 c nhim v lng bn hot tnh qua x l b Aerotank, ng thi
mt phn bn hot tnh ny s bm tun hon li b Aerotank.
Din tch mt bng ca b:
S =
( )

Trong :
Q : 900 m
3
/ngy = 37.5 m
3
/h
:h s tun hon 0.4
X :nng bn hot tnh trong b Aerotank
C
0
= 2000 / 0.8 = 2500 mg/m3
C
t
: nng bn trong dng tun hon.
V
L
: vn tc lng ca mt phn chia ng vi nng C
L

C
L
= 1/2 C
t
= 1/2 7000 = 3500 g/m3
Vn tc lng:
V
L
= V
max
e
-KC
L

10-6

Trong :
V
max
= 7 m/h
C
L
= 3500
K = 600
V
L
= 7 e
-600 3500 10-6
= 0.854
Din tch b mt ca b:
S =
( )

= 22 m2
Din tch ng trung tm:
f
b
= 10% S = 0.1 22 = 2.2 m2
N X L NC THI


tit din b:
F = S + f
b
= 22 + 2.2 = 24.2 m2
ng knh b:
D =

= 5.55 m
ng knh ng trung tm:
d =

= 2.8 m
f
b
=

= 6 m
v d = 25%D => D = d 100 / 25 = 11 m
F =

= 95 m2
Chiu cao lp nc trong b:
H
L
= v t
Trong :
v: tc nc chy vo = 0.6 mm/s
t: thi gian lu nc trong b 1.5 2 h .chn t = 2h
H
L
= 0.0006 2 3600 = 4.32 m
Chiu di ng trung tm h2 = 55 65 % H
L
(theo x l nc thi th v cng
nghip tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ca Lm Minh Trit) chn h2 = 60% H
L

h2 = 0.6 4.32 = 2.6 m
ng knh phn loe ca ng trung tm = chiu cao phn loe
d1 = 1.3 d = 1.3 2.8 = 3.65 m
ng knh tm chn:
d2 = 1.3 d1 = 1.3 3.65 = 4.5 m
khong cch t ming loe n tm chn 0.25 0.5 m . chn 0.3 m
N X L NC THI


th tch phn lng:
V
L
=

D
2
H
L
=

11
2
4.32 = 410 m3
Chiu cao phn chp y b:
h3 =
(
)

tg

chn 45
0
, d
b
= 0.5m
h3 =
( )

tg 45
0
= 5 m
chiu cao tng cng ca b lng:
H = H
L
+ h3 + h4 = 4.32 + 5 + 0.5 = 10 m
Trong : h4 l chiu cao bo v = 0.5 m
Th tch phn cha bn:
V
bn
= F h2 = (F f
b
) h2 = ( 95 - 6 ) 2.6 = 231 m3
Nng bn trong b:
C
bn
=

=

= 5250 g/m3
Tnh mng thu nc:
thu nc sau khi lng,dng mng thu chy trn xung quanh thnh b v a
qua b tip xc nh h thng ng dn.
ng knh mng thu nc:
D
m
= 70% D = 0.7 11 = 7.7 m
Chiu di mng thu nc:
L
m
= D
m
= 3.14 7.7 = 24 m
Ti trng mng:
q =

= 0.45 (l/sm)
chiu cao ca 1 rng ca l 50 mm
N X L NC THI


chiu cao tm chn khng cho cc cht ni theo nc ra khi b trong khong
0.3 0.5 m. chn 0.3 m
Bng 5.3: Tm tt cc thng s thit k b lng 2
1 Chiu cao b H m 10
2 ng knh b D m 11
3 ng knh ng trung tm d m 2.8
4 Chiu di ng trung tm h
2
m 2.6
5 ng knh phn loe ca ng
trung tm chiu cao phn loe
d
1
m 3.65
6 ng knh tm chn d
2
m 4.5
7 ng knh mng thu D
m
m 7.7
7: B kh trng:
Sau cc cng on x l, cc vi khun gy bnh khng th tiu dit hon ton,
chnh v th nc thi cn phi c kh trng trc khi thi ra cng.
B kh trng c nhim v trn u ha cht vi nc thi,to iu kin tip xc v
thi gian lu oxi ha cc t bo vi sinh vt.
Lng clo cn thit kh trng nc thi.
Y = a Q / 1000
Trong :
Q : lu lng cn phi x l
a : lng clo dit khun = 3g/m3
Y = 3 37.5 / 1000 = 0.113 kg/h

N X L NC THI


Th tch b:
V = Q t
Trong :
t : l thi gian lu nc trong b , t = 30 pht
V = 37.5 30 60 = 18 m
3

Chn kch thc b nh sau:
Chiu cao b H = 3 m
Chiu rng b B= 1.5 m
Chiu di b L = 4 m
Chiu cao bo v h
bv
= 0.5 m
Chiu di cc vch ngn bng 2/3 chiu rng b
l =

1.5 = 1 m
s ngn
n L / l 4 / 1 4 ngn.

Bng 5.3: Tm tt cc thng s thit k b kh trng
2 Chiu rng b B m 1.5
3 Chiu di b L m 4
4 Chiu di vch ngn l

m 1
5 S vch ngn n

ngn 4

N X L NC THI


8: B nn bn:
Lng bn ti t b lng 1: P1 = 160 kg/ngy
Lng bn t b lng 2 : P2 = 50.5 kg/ngy
Tng lng bn dn n b nn bn
P = P1 + P2 = 160 + 50.5 = 210.5 kg/ngy
Lng bn cc i dn n b nn bn
P
mx
= k P = 1.2 210.5 = 253 kg/ngy
Trong :
k: l h s khng iu ha thng ca bn hot tnh d k 1.2 1.25 .chn k = 1.2
(theo x l nc thi ca Hong Hu tr 130)
Lu lng bn trong b nn bn
Q
bn
= P
max
/ p = 253 / 1006 = 0.25 (m
3
/ngy)
Din tch b mt ca b nn bn:
F = P
max
/ a = 253 / 40 = 6.5 (m
2
)
Trong : a: ti trng b mt ca b nn bn t 39 78 (kg/m
2
ngy)(theo bng
14 1 tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca Trnh Xun Lai)
Din tch b nn bn nu c thm bung phn phi trung tm
F = 1.2 F = 1.2 6.5 = 8 m
2

ng knh b nn bn:
D =

= 3 m
ng knh bun phn phi trung tm
d = 20% D = 0.2 3 = 0.6 m
ng knh ming loe ng trung tm = chiu cao phn loe ng trung tm
d1 = 1.3 d = 1.3 0.6 = 0.8 m
N X L NC THI


ng knh tm chn
d2 = 1.3 d1 = 1.3 0.8 = 1 m
khong cch t tm chn n ming loe = 0.3 m
chiu cao cng tc ca b
h1 = v t = 0.05 8 3600 = 1440 mm = 1.44 m
trong :
v: vn tc nc bn dng ln <= 0.1 mm/s . chn v = 0.05 mm/s
t: thi gian nn bn t = 8h
chiu cao ng trung tm H
tt
= 60% h1
H
tt
= 0.6 1.44 = 0.9 m
Chiu cao y nn vi gc nghing = 45
0
v ng knh y nn 0.5 m
h
n
=

tg 45
0
=

tg45
0
= 1.2 m
chiu cao tng cng ca b:
H = h
1
+ h
n
+ h
bv
= 1.44 + 1.2 + 0.5 = 3 m
Trong : h
bv
l chiu cao bo v = 0.5 m
ng knh mng thu nc
D
m
= 70% D = 0.7 3 = 2 m

N X L NC THI


Bng 5.3: Tm tt cc thng s thit k b nn bn
1 Chiu cao b H m 3
2 ng knh b D m 3
3 ng knh ng trung tm d

m 0.6
4 ng knh ming loe d
1
m 0.8
5 ng knh tm chn d
2
m 1
9: Sn phi bn.
Cng c lm vic 6 ngy trong 1 tun
Tng s ngy lm vic trong nm
P = 6 4 12 = 288 ngy
Ti trng ca sn phi bn 98kg/m2 nm (theo x l nc thi th v cng
nghip tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh ca Lm Minh Trit)
Din tch sn phi bn l:
P =

=

= 744 m
2

Sn phi bn chia lm 6 n nguyn , mi n nguyn rng B 8 m
Chiu di sn phi bn
L =

=

= 15 m

N X L NC THI


Bng 5.3: Tm tt cc thng s thit k b nn bn

II: Tnh ton thit b cung cp kh:
1: thit b cung cp kh cho b iu ha.
p lc cn thit cho h thng kh nn
H
d
= h
d
+ h
c
+ h
f
+ H
Trong : h
c
,h
d
tn tht p lc do ma st dc theo chiu di trn ng ng dn
v tn tht cc b ti cc im ung,khc quanh.
h
d
+ h
c
<= 0.4 m
h
f
: l tn tht qua h thng phn phi kh
h
f
<= 0.5 m
H : l ngp ca ng phn phi kh
H
d
= 0.4 + 0.5 + 2.4 = 3.5 m
STT Tn hng s n v Kch hc
1 Hnh dng Ch nht
2 Di m 15
3 Rng m 8
4 Chiu cao lp ct cm 30
5 Chiu cao lp si cm 25
6 ng knh ng thu nc mm 100
7 dc % 1
8 Chiu cao bo v cm 40
9 Chiu cao lp bn cm 30
N X L NC THI


p lc ca my nn kh
P
m
=
(

)

=
( )

= 1.3 (atp)
Cng sut ca my nn kh theo l thuyt
N
LT
=

( P
m
0.29
1 ) Q
kk

=

( 1.3
0.29
1 ) 0.0866 = 2.3 (kw)
Cng sut tnh ton ca thit b cung cp kh
N
TT
=

=

= 3.3 (kw)
2: Thit b cung cp kh cho b Aerotank
p lc cn thit cho h thng kh nn
H
d
= h
d
+ h
c
+ h
f
+ H
Trong : h
c
,h
d
tn tht p lc do ma st dc theo chiu di trn ng ng dn
v tn tht cc b ti cc im ung,khc quanh.
h
d
+ h
c
<= 0.4 m
h
f
: l tn tht qua h thng phn phi kh
h
f
<= 0.5 m
H : l ngp ca ng phn phi kh
H
d
= 0.4 + 0.5 + 3 = 4 m
p lc ca my nn kh
P
m
=
(

)

=
( )

= 1.4 (atp)
Cng sut ca my nn kh theo l thuyt
N
LT
=

( P
m
0.29
1 ) Q
kk

=

( 1.4
0.29
1 ) 0.335 = 11.5 (kw)
N X L NC THI


Cng sut tnh ton ca thit b cung cp kh
N
TT
=

=

= 16 (kw)
Chng 4: TNH TON KINH T
I: Din tch mt bng xy dng.

Cng trnh S lng Kch thc
dirngcao(m)
Mt bng (m
2
) Th tch
(m
3
)
B iu ha 1 1284.35 96 230.8
B lng 1 1 D = 6.5
H = 7.62
18 125.5
B UASB 1 744.2 28 123.5
B Aerotank 1 22.533.5 67.5 115.25
B lng 2 1 D = 11
H = 10
23.5 110
B kh trng 1 41.53.5 6 12.25
B nn bn 1 D = 3
H = 3
4 11
Sn phi bn 6 158 120
Nh iu hnh 1 534 15 60
Nh xe 1 63 18
N X L NC THI


Tng din tch mt bng
S 396 (m
2
)
Tng din tch mt bng cn thit
S 1.2 = 396 1.2 = 475 (m
2
)
Trong 1.2 l khong cch gia cac cng trnh n v
II: Chi ph xy dng.

III: Chi ph cho phn u t trang thit b.
STT Cng trnh S
lng
Th tch (m
3
) n gi(VN) Thnh tin(VN)
1 B iu ha 1 230.8 1.400.000 323.120.000
2 B lng 1 1 125.5 1.400.000 175.700.000
3 B UASB 1 123.5 1.400.000 172.900.000
4 B Aerotank 1 115.25 1.400.000 161.350.000
5 B lng 2 1 110 1.400.000 154.000.000
6 B kh trng 1 12.25 1.400.000 17.150.000
7 B nn bn 1 11 1.400.000 15.400.000
8 Sn phi bn 6 5.000.000
9 Nh iu hnh 1 60 1.400.000 84.000.000
10 Nh xe 1 2.000.000
Tng cng 1.103.620.000
N X L NC THI


1: Tng chi ph u t cho h thng.
T = T
xd
+ T
tb
1.103.620.000 373.650.000 1.477.270.000 (VN)
STT Tn thit b n v
tnh
S lng n gi(VN) Thnh tin(VN)
1 Song chn rc Ci 1 1.200.000 1.200.000
2 My cung cp kh cho
b iu ha
Ci 2 30.000.000 60.000.000
3 My cung cp kh cho
b Aerotank
Ci 2 75.000.000 150.000.000
4 My bm bn Ci 3 15.000.000 45.000.000
5 My bm bn tun
hon
Ci 2 3.000.000 6.000.000
6 a phn phi kh b
Aerotank
Ci 240 250.000 60.000.000
7 H thng gt bn b
lng
Ci 2 15.000.000 30.000.000
8 Mng rng ca(b
lng1,2,b nn bn)
Ci 3 2.500.000 7.500.000
9 ng thp trung tm(b
lng 1,2,nn bn)
Ci 3 2.000.000 6.000.000
10 ng dn kh 90
140
Ci 90
70
30.000
75.000
2.700.000
5.250.000
11 Tng 373.650.000
N X L NC THI


Chng 5: KT LUN V KIN NGH
I: Kt lun.
Hot ng ca cng c ni chung v ngnh ch bin thy sn ca Vit Nam ni
ring mang li nhiu li t v kinh t cng nh gp phn quan trng trong vic
thc y nn kinh t pht trin. tuy nhin mt vn cn phi quan tm trong qu
trnh hot ng ca cng c chnh l nc thi pht sinh t cc cng on s ch
cc thy hi sn lm nhim mi trng, gy nh hng sc khe ca ngi
dn gn .
Chnh v th vic u t xy dng cho c cng trnh x l nc thi s gp phn
bo v mi trng t nhin v ci thin mi trng sng ngi dn trong khu
vc.ng thi nng cao uy tnh, cht lng sn phm, gip cng c ginh c
nhng th trng xut khu quan trng mt khi Vit Nam tr thnh mt thnh vin
chnh thc ca t chc thng mi Quc t ( WTO).
Trong qu trnh tnh ton nhn thy, vic kt hp gia 2 phng php x l k kh
b (UASB) v x l hiu kh b (Aerotank) t hiu qu x l cao.
Chnh v th,vic xy dng mt h thng x l nc thi cho cng c l iu cn
thit trong giai on hin nay, nhm to iu kin thun li cho hot ng sn xut
ca cng c c n nh v pht trin.
II: Kin ngh.
H thng x l hin nay cn gp rt hon thnh hn ch nhim ngun nc
thi do cng c gy ra.
h thng hot ng hiu qu phi kp thi o to cn b chuyn trch v mi
trng, cn b k thut c th vn hnh h thng x l.
Thng xuyn theo di hin trng ca h thng thot nc, cc thit b sn xut
nhm gim thiu ti a lng cht thi pht sinh ra ngoi.
N X L NC THI


trnh cc s c ng tic c th xy ra ,cn phi c bin php an ton lao ng,
phng chng chy n.
Gio dc thc bo v mi trng cho ton b cn b,cng nhn vin trong cng
ty.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1 . X l nc thi th v cng nghip tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh.Lm
Minh Trit (ch bin) , Nguyn Thanh Hng, Nguyn Phc Dn.
2 . PGS TS Hong Hu - 2005 x l nc thi.
3 . TS. Trnh Xun Lai 1999 tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi.
4 . TS. Trn c H - 2002 x l nc thi sinh hot quy m nh v va.
5 . TS. Nguyn Ngc Dung 2003 x l nc cp
6 . TCVN 5945 1995 v nc thi cng nghip v tiu chun thi.

N X L NC THI


N X L NC THI


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N X L NC THI

GVHD: Th.s: NGUYN NGC THIP

= 37.5 2.5 = 93.75 (m

= 37.5 0.38 = 14.25 (m

= 1.2 375 = 450 (

= 6.6 (kg/h) = 160 (kg/ngy)

: Thi gian lu bn trong b chn 8 ngy

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