Trnh by: Trn Xun Hi

What is ERP?
ERP l ch vit tt ca Enterprise Resource Planning (Hoch nh Ti
Nguyn Doanh Nghip)
Mt gii php ERP l mt h thng doanh nghip tch hp nhm cung
cp cho mt n v, cng ty cc cng c h tr quyt nh cn thit cho
vic qun l v pht trin mt cch c hiu qu.
Cc cng c h tr gip cho mt t chc c th truy xut thng tin m
h cn trong nh dng thn thin vi ngi s dng. H thng ny
nh mt tng th cho php mi cc nhn thc thi cng vic hiu qu
hn vi cp p ng thng tin cao hn v bn thn h cng phi
cung cp tt c thng tin lin quan c nhn m t chc yu cu i vi
cng vic ca h.
Khi c mt thay i xy ra ti mt thi im bt k thng tin tng
ng c cp nht ph hp thng bo n cc nhn ch cht
thay i theo tnh trng khi c yu cu. Ngi qun l sau c th
xem li cc hot ng ny v v vy c th a ra cc quyt nh da
trn d liu v thng tin hin ti.
ERP vs. CRM v SCM
CRM (Customer Relationship Management) v SCM
(Supply Chain Management) l hai loi phn mm doanh
nghip khc c trin rng ri trong cc cng ty v cc t
chc phi li nhun.
Trong khi mc tiu chnh ca ERP l ci thin v sp xp
hp l ha cc quy trnh kinh doanh ni b, CRM n lc
nng cao mi quan h vi khch hng v SCM nhm mc
ch to iu kin hp tc gia t chc (organization) -
Nh cung cp (suppliers) Nh sn xut (manufacturers)
Nh phn phi (distributors ) v cc i tc (partners).


nh ngha ERP
ERP, thng cng ging nh mt s khi nim IT v
business khc, c nh ngha theo nhiu cch khc
nhau. Mt nh ngha hp l cn phi trn cc mc tiu
sau:
N tr li cu hi dng "what is ... ?".
N cung cp c s cho vic xc nh chi tit cc khi nim
trong lnh vc ERP software, ERP systems, ERP
implementation ,
N cung cp mt cn c so snh vi cc khi nim lin quan:
CRM, SCM,
N gip tr li cu hi c bn trong phm vi : li ch ca ERP,
cc nguyn nhn tht bi ca ERP,

nh ngha ERP
Mt nh ngha ca ERP da trn Systems Theory c
th hng ti vic phc v cc mc tiu cp.
ERP l mt h thng c :
Mc tiu ca h thngERP
Cc thnh phn ca h thng ERP
ng bin (Boundary) ca h thng ERP
Mc tiu ca h thng ERP
Mc tiu ca ERP l ci thin v hp l ha ni b
cc quy trnh nghip v, in hnh l yu cu ti c cu
cc quy trnh nghip v hin ti (reengineering of
current business processes).
Cc thnh phn ca mt h thng ERP
Cc thnh phn ca mt h thng ERP l cc thnh phn chung ca mt h
thng thng tin qun tr (Management Information System)
ERP Software : Module da trn ERP software l ct li ca h thng ERP.
Mi module phn mm t ng ha hot ng nghip v ca mt phm vi
chc nng bn trong mt t chc. Cc module thng thng ca ERP
software bao gm : product planning, parts purchasing, inventory control,
product distribution, order tracking, finance, accounting v human
resources l cc module thng l cn thit cho mt t chc.
Business Processes : Quy trnh nghip v bn trong mt t chc c
phn thnh 3 cp : strategic planning, management control v
operational control.
ERP Users : Ngi dng ca cc h thng ERP l nhn vin ca t chc
tt c cc cp , t cng nhn, gim st (supervisors), cp qun l cp
gia (ph) cho ti cp lnh o cao nht.
Hardware v Operating Systems : UNIX, MS Windows, Linux.

ng bin ca mt h thng ERP
ng bin ca mt h thng ERP thng l nh
hn ng bin ca t chc trin khai n. Tri li vi
ng bin ca cc h thng supply chain systems v
ecommerce systems m rng ti nhad cung cp, nh
phn phi, i tc v khch hng. Tuy nhin, trn thc
t nhiu ERP trin khai bao gm vic tch hp ERP vi
cc h thng thng tin ngoi.
Li ch ERP - Operational Control,
Management Control v Strategic Planning
Gip gim gi thnh hot ng
To iu kin thun li cho vic qun hng ngy
H tr hoch nh chin lc

Gip gim gi thnh hot ng
ERP software c gng tch hp cc quy trnh nghip v ca
cc phng ban vo trong mt h thng thng tin doanh
nghip qui m ln (single enterprise-wide information
system).
Li ch chnh ca ERP l ci thin vic phi hp cc hot
ng gia cc phng ban v lm gia tng hiu qu kinh
doanh.
Li ch ngay lp tc c c t vic trin khai h thng ,
chng c th mong i vic gim chi ph hot ng, chng
hn nh l chi ph kim sot hng tn kho thp hn, chi
ph sn xut thp hn, chi ph tip thi thp hn,

To iu kin thun li cho vic
qun l hng ngy
Vic trin khai h thng ERP s l ngun nui dng
cc thit lp data warehouses.
H thng ERP cung cp tnh d dng truy xut d liu
ngi qun l c th tng pht truy xut ti thng
tin gip cho vic ra quyt nh v iu hnh vic qun
l.
ERP software gip theo di cc chi ph tht s ca cc
hot ng v thc hin cc hot ng da trn chi ph.

H tr hoch nh chin lc
Hoch nh chin lc l Mt tp hp cc bc c suy
ngh cn nhc mt cch thn trng nh gi cc nhu cu v
ngun lc; xc nh i tng mc tiu , tp hp cc mc
tiu v i tng; k hoch v thit k cc chin lc c
phi hp vi cc bng chng v s thnh cng; kt ni
hp l cc chin lc ny cc nhu cu, ti sn v kt qu
nh mong i
Mt phn ca cc h thng phn mm ERP c thit k
nhm h tr cho vic hoch nh ngun lc, mt phn
ca vic hoch nh chin lc.
Trong thc t, vic hoch nh ngun lc l mi lin kt
yu trong thc hnh ERP do s phc tp ca vic hoch
nh chin lc v thiu s tch hp thch hp vi h
thng h tr ra quyt nh (Decision Support Systems)

Cc module chc nng ca ERP
Software
ERP Production Planning Module
ERP Purchasing Module
ERP Inventory Control Module
ERP Sales Module
ERP Market in Module
ERP Financial Module
ERP HR Module

Phng php lun trin khai ERP
The Big Bang
Modular Implementation
Process-Oriented Implementation

The Big Bang
Cc cng ty sp t mt k hoch ln cho vic trin khai ERP ca h. Vic
ci t h thng ERP ca tt c cc module xy ra ng thi trn ton b t
chc cng lc.
Cch tip cn big bang ha hn gim bt chi ph tch hp vi iu kin
phi thc hin k lng v cn thn.
Phng php ny ni tri ch sm trin khai ERP, nhng n l mt phn
ng gp cao hn t l tht bi trong vic trin khai thc hin h thng
ERP. Ngy nay, khng c nhiu cng ty dm th n na.
C s ca phng php trin khai ny l x l vic trin khai ERP ging
nh l s trin khai ca mt h thng thng tin quy m ln (large-scale
information system), n da theo SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle).
Tuy nhin vic trin khai mt h thng ERP i hi phi lin tc t chc li
cc quy trnh nghip v nhiu hn mt h thng thng tin truyn thng
(traditional information system). Nhiu bn lin quan trong cc h thng
phn mm ERP khng phi l IT chuyn nghip. ERP hn cc quy trnh
nghip v hin ang tn ti tnh t ng ha (Cng c kin cho rng
ERP=ISO + Automate). ERP bin i cc quy trnh nghip v.

Modular Implementation
Phng php trin khai modular l phng php trin khai sau mi
module ti mt thi im. Gii hn phm vi trin khai ny thng l
i vi mt b phn chc nng (functional department). Cch tip cn
ny ph hp vi cc cng ty khng c vic chia s nhiu quy trnh
chung gia cc b phn phng ban hay cc n v nghip v.
Cc module c lp ca h thng ERP c ci t trong mi n th
(unit), trong khi vic tch hp cc module s din ra giai an sau
ca d n. y l phng php lun thng c s dng trin khai
ERP nht. Mi n v nghip v c th c ca ring mnh "instances"
ca ERP v databases.
Vi vic gim thiu phm vi trin khai, phng php ny gim ri ro
ca vic ci t, ty bin theo yu cu v hot ng ca cc h thng
ERP.
S thnh cng ca vic trin khai mt module c th mang li li ch
cho s thnh cng chung ca ton b d n.
Process-Oriented Implementation
Phng php trin khai hng quy trnh tp trung vo
vic h tr mt hoc mt vi quy trnh nghip v quan
trng bao gm mt s n v nghip v.
S thc hin ban u theo yu cu ca khch hng ca h
thng ERP c gii hn i vi chc nng lin quan gn
i vi cc quy trnh nghip v d nh.
Vic trin khai hng quy trnh c th dn tng trng
theo dng full-blown.
Cch tip cn ny c s dng bi cc cng ty nh va
v c xu hng cc quy trnh nghip v ni b t phc tp.


Cc yu t thnh cng then cht
ca vic trin khai ERP
Project Planning
Architectural Design
Data Requirements
Phased Approach
Data Conversion
Organization Commitments

Project Planning
Vic trin khai ERP bt u vi vic lp k hoch d
n: Thit lp cc mc tiu d n, xc nh cc yu cu
nghip v mc cao, thnh lp cc i nhm d n
(project teams ) v c lng chi ph d n.
Vic lp k hoch d n a ra c hi c lng
li nhng chi tit ln. Nu d n ERP khng xc ng
giai on hoch nh cc t chc khng nn do
d hy b d n.
mi d n ERP thnh cng, c nhng d n c
hy b trc khi trin khai.

Architectural Design
While high level architectural decision is made in the
process of ERP vendor selection, it remains a critical
successful factor in integrating ERP with other e-
business applications, ecommerce applications or
legacy systems.
Vic chn la phn mm middleware, interface hay
cc ngn ng lp trnh tc ng mnh m gi thnh
trin khai v release date.

Data Requirements
Khng nh cc ng dng in-house e-business, nhiu
gi trin khai ERP bao gm vic tch hp cc h thng
ERP vi phn mm e-business an tn ti (CRM, SCM
v SFA) v cc h thng thgn tin di sn. Mc yu
cu d liu ph hp l quan trng i vi mt ERP
tng tc vi cc ng dng khc. Yu cu d liu
thng phn nh cc chi tit ca yu cu nghip v.
Chi ph gp mi ln cho vic sa mt li giai on
sau so vi chi ph n lc nh ngha chnh xc
nhng yu cu giai on phn tch v thit k.
Phased Approach
It is important to break an ERP project down to
manageable pieces by setting up pilot programs and
short-term milestones. Dependent on the IT
experience, some organizations choose the easiest
piece as the pilot project, while others may implement
a mission-critical application first. The pilot project
can both demonstrate the benefits of ERP and help
gain hands-on ERP implementation experience.
Data Conversion
Second generation ERP systems use relational
database management systems (RDBMS) to store
enterprise data. If a large amount of data are stored in
other database systems or in different data formats,
data conversion is a daunting tasks which is often
underestimated in ERP implementations. A two-hour
data conversion task could be turned into to a two-
month efforts as the result of DBA group's lack of
technical experience and management's incompetency
or ignorance.

Organization Commitments
The involvement of ERP implementation goes far
beyond IT department to many other functional
departments. The commitment and smooth
coordination from all parties is the key to the success
of ERP project. The commitments come from the
understanding of how ERP can benefit each functional
department. For example, if the warehouse staff isn't
completely sold on the inventory control module's
benefits, they may not input the kind of usage data
that is essential to the project's success.

ERP Integration - The Challenge for
ERP Implementation
Integration of ERP Modules
Integration of E-Business Applications
Integration with Legacy Systems

The Differences between ERP Systems
and Ecommerce Applications
Differences in User Interface Design
Differences in Requirements of System Uptime
Differences in Security Requirements

Cost of ERP - What does ERP really
cost?
Costs of Software
Costs of Hardware
Costs of Professional Services
Customization The big chunk of costs of Professional Services is customization. The cost of
customization can easily out-run the cost of packaged ERP software, but it is the customization of ERP
software that makes an ERP a success or a failure.
Integration ERP systems won't demonstrate its full potentials unless they are properly integrated with
other enterprise software application:
the integration of various functional ERP modules,
the integration of ERP with other e-business software applications, and
the integration of ERP with legacy systems.
Data Conversion The cost of data conversion depends on the format and the media that store the
historical data. Data conversion from legacy systems to RDBMS is a time-consuming process. Data
conversion may lead to further data gathering to fill the missing links in data requirements.
Testing ERP systems are thoroughly tested before they go into production. ERP testing includes unit
testing, component testing, regression testing, performance testing and user acceptance testing.
Training Workflow and UI design in ERP software are more complex than average business software.
ERP training is expensive because workers almost invariably have to learn a new set of processes of doing
their daily tasks besides learning how to use the ERP software. To reduce the cost of ERP training and to
ease the transitions from old processes to new, organizations often seek the help from training
companies which are specialized in coaching workers on using ERP software from particular vendors.

Cc nguyn tht bi ca ERP
Tht bi lin quan trin khai phn mm ERP
Tht bi lin quan s d di xu xa i vi s
tin trin (Evolution) ca cc quy trnh ngip v.
Tht bi lin quan chp nhn ngi dng (User
Acceptance )

Tht bi lin quan trin khai phn
mm ERP
Ct li ca h thng ERP chnh l cc phn mm ERP da trn c s
Module (Module-based ERP software). Hu ht cc d n ERP bao
gm mt s lng ng k cc ty chnh theo theo cu khch hng.
Cc module phn mm ERP c ng gi c chc nng c xy
dng sn vi cng vic theo mi trng doanh nghip chun v c
n gin ha. Tuy nhin, cc yu cu d liu v quy trnh nghip v
trong mi t chc l duy nht cc ty chnh theo yu cu khch
hng l vic bin i phn mm ERP c ng gi thnh phn
mm ERP ph hp vi cc quy trnh nghip v v hot ng ring ca
cc t chc.
Nhng n lc thc hin ty bin theo yu cu khch hng ko di v
tn km tuhwongf dn n vic tr hn v vt qu ngn qu.
Vic ty bin theo yu cu khch hng khin cho phn mm d v
v kh duy tr hn.
Tht bi lin quan tnh thch ng i
vi s tin trin (Evolution) ca cc
quy trnh ngip v.
Cc quy trnh nghip v c chia thnh 3 cp :
Hoch nh chin lc, kim sot qun l, v kim
sot hot ng. Cc t chc lin tc iu chnh cc quy
trnh kinh doanh ca h tt c cc cp p ng
vi mi trng th trng lun thay i.
Nhiu h thng ERP khng linh hot thch ng
vi s tin trin ca cc quy trnh nghip v.
Tht bi lin quan chp nhn
ngi dng (User Acceptance )
Ngi dng ca h thng ERP l nhn vin ca t
chc tt c cc cp .
Cc d n ERP thng thng sa i cc quy trnh
nghip v ca cng ty n to thm khi lng cng
vic cho nhn vin s dng lc khi u. H c th
khng ngh rng cc lung cng vic (workflows)
c nhng trong phn mm l tt hn cc m hin
ti h ang s dng.


Manufacturing ERP - Features,
Vendors v Implementation
Cc c trng ca vic sn sinh phn mm ERP
Cc nh cung cp cho vic sn sinh phn mm
ERP
Vic trin khai sn sinh phn mm ERP

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Gii php ERP cho cc doanh nghip va v nh
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