Chng 1: K THUT PHN

TCH
1.1. Phn tch sc k
1.1.1. Nguyn l c bn
- Sc k l k thut tch cc cu t ra khi
hn hp da trn i lc khc nhau ca
mi cu t i pha tnh v pha ng
+ pha tnh: c tc dng gi cu t cn tch
(lp cht c nh)
+ pha ng: c tc dng ko cu t cn
tch ra khi ct (cht lng, kh)
PPPT sc k
c pht minh vo nm 1903 bi
Tswett (1872-1919)
u im:
+ kh nng phn tch cao, c th tch
nhng cht rt ging nhau v mt ha
hc ln vt l
+ l 1 trong nhng PPPT mnh nht
Ct sc k
Th t ra khi ct
Hp cht c i lc nhiu vi pha ng th c
xu hng ra khi ct trc
Hp cht c i lc nhiu vi pha tnh th b
gi li lu hn trong ct v ra sau
Sc k
Phn loi sc k
Phn loi da trn trng thi ca pha ng:
- Sc k lng:
+ pha ng: cht lng
+ pha tnh: rn, lng
- Sc k kh
+ pha ng: cht kh
+ pha tnh: rn, lng

Phn loi sc k
Theo c ch ca qu trnh tch:
Sc k hp ph
Sc k phn b
Sc k trao i ion
Sc k ry phn t
Cc i lng c bn
t
M
t
R
t
R
W

Thi gian lu tR , th tch lu VR
- Sc : kt qu ca qu trnh tch sc k. Mi
peak ca sc ng vi 1 hoc 1 nhm cu t
ca hn hp cn tch.
- Thi gian lu tR: thi gian t khi tim mu n
khi ghi nhn c cc i ca mi sc k
- Thi gian lu cht tM: thi gian 1 cht hon ton
khng tng tc vi pha tnh hay cng l thi
gian di chuyn ca pha ng t u ct n cui
ct.
Thi gian lu hiu chnh tR: l thi gian
cht b lu gi trong pha tnh
tR = tR + tM = tM (1+K)
VR = VM (1+K)
- Thi gian lu v th tch lu hiu chnh
ca mu:
tR = tR - tM
VR = VR - VM
Thi gian lu hiu chnh tR ,
th tch lu hiu chnh VR
H s phn b K
CS : nng chung ca cht tan trong pha tnh
CM : nng ca cht tan trong pha ng
K cng ln ngha l cht b hp ph cng
nhiu, cht chuyn ng cng chm
K ch ph thuc vo bn cht ca cht tan, pha
tnh v nhit m khng ph thuc vo kiu
ct tch
'.
S S M
M M S
C n V
K K
C n V
| = = =
H s cha (dung lng) K
nS, nM : s mol ca cht tan trong pha tnh, pha ng
| : t s pha
tR : thi gian lu hiu chnh
tM : thi gian cht
- K biu din mi tng quan gia thi gian ca cht tan lu
li trong pha tnh so vi trong pha ng.
- K ln: ct tch tt nhng thi gian phn tch ko di v
vng b gin rng
'
'
S R
M M
n t K
K
n t |
= = =
S a l thuyt N trong ct sc k
Bit: o : lch chun ca peak
- Trong TH l tng, peak c dng
hnh Gauss, ta c rng ca
peak:
+ti im un: Wi = 2 o
+ti mt na chiu cao: Wh = 2,355o
+ ti y peak: Wb = 4 o
- Ta c cc cng thc sau:
2
R
t
N
o
| |
=
|
\ .
2
h
2
b
5, 545
W
16
W
R
R
t
N
t
N
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
S a l thuyt N trong ct sc k
- N cng ln ngha l s lng cc cn bng tng
th hiu qu phn chia trn ct sc k tng ln, b
rng y cng nh, peak cng nhn, nh lng
chng cng chnh xc.
- Sc k lng: N < 20.000
- Sc k kh: N > vi trm ngn
? Sc k kh tch tt hn sc k lng ?
- Chiu cao tng ng vi a l thuyt:
H = L / N
L: chiu di ct sc k
chn lc o
- chn lc o : dng nh gi 2 cht c
tch c hay khng



o: ph thuc vo pha tnh, pha ng v bn
cht ca cht tan
- Pha tnh phi c cng bn cht vi cht tan
gi chng li
2 2
1 1
'
1
'
K K
K K
o = = >
H s phn gii Rs
H s phn gii Rs: dng nh gi 2
peak lin tip c th tch c hay khng
(tt nht Rs = 1,5)
( )
2 1
1 2
b b
1
W W
2
R R
s
t t
R

= >
+
| |
|
\ .
Kh nng tch cc cht
Biu thc lin h gia 4 i lng trn:
2
2
' N 1
4 1 '
s
K
R
K
o
o
| |

| |
=
|
|
+
\ .
\ .
ng dng ca PP sc k
nh tnh
Cu t c tnh theo gi tr t
R
. So snh
t
R
ca mu v t
R
ca cu t chun trong
cng k o trn my.
nh lng: bng cch so snh vi dd
chun:
- Chiu cao h ca mi (hp v i xng)
- Din tch mi S
Cc ng dng ca sc k

Phn tch da vo chiu cao peak

Phn tch da vo din tch peak

Xy dng ng chun (calibration with standards)

Phng php chun ni (internal-standard)
My sc k
GC my sc k kh HPLC my sc k lng sc k trao i ion
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Sc k kh Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC)
hoc l Gas Chromatography (GC)
Bc hi mu
Tch cc cu t trong ct nh vo s phn b trong
pha ng v pha tnh
Pha ng: pha kh (N
2
, He, Ar)
Pha tnh: pha rn hoc pha lng ph ln pha rn c
gi trong ct
Phng php cng c phn tch v xc nh cc
hp cht ha hc
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Mu (sample) phn tch c:
- a vo b phn np mu (heated injector)
- Di chuyn qua mt ct phn tch (seperating column)
nh mt dng kh mang tr (inert carrier gas)
- Pht hin v ghi li
di dng cc peaks
khi cc cu t i ra
khi ct
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
T=0
T=10
T=20
Injector Injector
Detector Detector
Most Most Interaction with Stationary Phase Interaction with Stationary Phase Least Least
Flow of Mobile Phase Flow of Mobile Phase
T=0
T=10
T=20
Injector Injector
Detector Detector
Most Most Interaction with Stationary Phase Interaction with Stationary Phase Least Least
Flow of Mobile Phase Flow of Mobile Phase
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Ngun cung cp kh mang (Carrier Supply)
F = 25 150 ml.min
-1
: Ct nhi (Packed column)
F = 1 25 ml.min
-1
: Ct mao qun (Open-tubular or
Capillary column)
- N
2
: chi ph thp, an ton
- H2: chi ph thp, nguy c chy n
- He: thng thng, t
- Ar:
Bnh cha p sut cao (pressurized tank)
- Dng c iu chnh p sut (pressure
regulator)
- iu khin lu lng dng kh (Flow
controller)
Two stages pressure regulator
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Ngun cung cp kh mang (Carrier Supply)
Thit b tch N
2
t khng kh nn (Pure Nitrogen Generator)
- Thm thu chn lc N
2

- 0.5 ppm O
2
, > 0.5 ppm H
2
O, > 2.0 ppb halocarbons hoc C
x
H
y
.
- Lu kng ti a ~ 1 l/min. p sut 3,5 7 atm.
Thit b cung cp kh H
2
t nc ct (Hydrogen Generators)
- Phng php in phn (Electrolysis)
- Cht in ly: polymer rn (solid polymer electrolyte)
- H
2
99.999%
- Kh nng lu tr H
2
: 4 litre
- p sut: 1,4 7 atm.
- Lu lng: 0 to 125 ml.min
-1
v c th t n 1200 ml.min
-1
.
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
H thng np mu (Sample Injection system)
Cc yu cu:
- Lng mu thch hp
- Tc np mu phi nhanh v mu np khi vo ct trng thi kh
Gim s gin peak (band broadenning) v tng phn gii ca ct
Microsyringe chun (calibrated)
Septum: mng bng cao su silicone
Gia nhit cho vng np mu: T > 50C ca cu t c nhit si cao nht
Th tch np mu:~ 20 l i vi ct nhi (packed column)
~ 0,2 l hoc nh hm i vi mao qun (open-tubular or
capillary column)
B. Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
n nhit ct sc k (Column Thermostating)
Mc ch: Bo m tnh lp li ca thi gian lu
L n nhit (thermostating oven)
T
opti.
= f(T
si
), T
opti
> T
si
vi RT= 2 30 pht
L n nhit
Ct sc k
Nhit chng trnh ha
(Temperature Programming)
Isothermal: mu n gin
Mu phc tp: Tch cc cu t ca
mu da vo s thay i ca T si
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
So snh sc k hai ch : Isothermal
v chng trnh ha nhit
Chng trnh ha nhit
H s kh nng
phn gii
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Cc vng c gia nhit ca h sc k kh (GC)
K thut sc k
Mt trong cc thnh phn c bn nht: Detector (b
d tn hiu). Chia 4 loi:
Detetor ion ha mu FID (ion ha ngn la)
Detetor da vo tnh cht vt l TCD (dn nhit).
Detetor quang hc FPD
Detetor in ha ECD (cng kt in t)
Tn hiu ca Detetor ph thuc c tnh ca chng.
Detector nhy cm nng tn hiu nhn c ph
thuc tc dng kh i qua: TCD, ECD, FPD.

Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
u d (Detectors)
Mt s yu cu:
Tn hu thu c tuyn tnh hoc gn tuyn tnh vi lng mu
Thi gian tr li nhanh
Pht hin a dng (universal detection)
Tn hiu ra khng ph thuc v nhit
Lm vic n nh t nhit thng n 400C (i vi GC)
Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD)
Flame Ionization Detector (FID)
Electron Capture Detector (ECD)
Nitrogen-Phosphorous Detector (NPD)
Flame Photometric Detector (FPD): FID tweaked for S compounds
Photoionization Detector (PID)
Detector dn nhit (TCD)
Detector TCD da vo tnh cht in dn.
Nguyn tc: o lin tc dn nhit ca kh mang
(tinh khit hoc cha cu t tch) gia bung o v
bung so snh c lp cc dy in tr Vonfram
hoc Platin.
c ng dng rng ri c th x hu ht cc cht
tch t ct sc k.
Nhy cm nng , gii hn pht hin 10
-9
g/ml.
dn in ca He, H
2
ln hn 6 10 ln so vi
cc hp cht hu c.
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD)
S nguyn l
Measures heat loss from a hot filament nearly universal
Filament heated to const T
When only carrier gas flows heat loss to metal block is constant, filament T
remains constant
When an analyte species flows past the filament generally thermal conductivity
goes down, T of filament will rise. (resistance of the filament will rise).
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Thermal Conductivity
Detector (TCD)
Detector ion ha ngn la FID
Nguyn tc: da trn s bin i dn in ca ngn
la H
2
t trong mt in trng khi c cht hu c
chuyn qua.
Cc cht hu c b oxy ha nh oxy khng kh to cc
ion tri du tng ng, chng chuyn v cc bn in
cc nm 2 pha ngn la.
CH
*
+ O
*
CHO
+
e
-
- S lng cc ion ph thuc H
2
/khng kh
- Detector nhy cm khi lng, khng nhy vi kh v c
N
2
, N
2
O, NO, CO
2
, CS
2
, COS
- nhy l 10
-12
g/s, thch hp phn tch cc hydrocacbon
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Flame Ionization Detector (FID)
Sensitive towards organics

Analyte is burned in H
2
/air, which produces CH and CHO
+
radicals
CHO
+
radicals are reduced at a cathode which produces a current
proportional to the radical quantity ~ 10
-12
A
Specific for organic carbon, insensitive to inorganics, CO
2
, SO
2
etc.
Generally DL 100x less than TCD about pg/s (flow rate dependent)
Response to specific organic depends on the number of organic carbons.
Detector cng kt in t ECD
Detetor nhy cm nng
Xc nh cc hp cht cha nhm chc hoc a
lin kt
Da trn kh nng cng kt cc in t t do
trong pha kh ca dng kh mang c ion ha
bng tia | pht ra t ngun phng x (
63
Ni) to
ra ngun e
-
v cc ion phn t kh mang M
+

M +| M
+
+ e
-

nhy: kh rng 1 10
6

Thng s dng phn tch thuc tr su, dit c
c cha vng benzen clo ha
Electron Capture Detector (ECD)
Sensitive to electron withdrawing groups especially towards organics
containing F, -Cl, -Br, -I also, -CN, NO
2

Nickel-63 source emits energetic electrons collides with N
2
(introduced
as make-up gas or can be used as carrier gas) producing more electrons:
Ni-63 e
-
, e
-
+ N
2
2e- + N
2
+
The result is a constant current that is detected by the electron collector
(anode).
As an analyte flows through past the Ni-63 source, electron capture is
possible by electron-withdrawing species: A + e
-
A
-
Current decreases as a result of e- capture by analyte. This is one of the
few instances in which a signal is produced by a decrease in detectable
phenomenon.
Very low DL for detected species 10
-15
g/ml for many halogenated
substances
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Electron Capture Detector (ECD)
Radioactive Ni-63 source
Easily contaminated with O2, H2O, sample overloading.
High maintenance device.
Highly variable response to halogenated substances
Sometimes complementary information from FID helps.
The bad
S nguyn l
Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Thu thp v x l s liu (Data Acquisition and Processing )
Nguyn l
A/D Converter
B. Sc k kh
(Gas-Liquid Chromatography)
Mt s ng dng ca GC (GLC)
p dng i vi cc mu bc hi v n nh nhit n vi trm C
C kh nng pht hin v phn tch rt nhiu cht v hn hp
c ng dng rng ri tch v xc nh cc cu t trong cc mu t
nhiu chng loi khc nhau
Mt vi v d:
Ketones: polydimthyl siloxane
Alkalodes: 5% phenyl polydimethyl siloxane
Sterods: 50% phenyl polydimethyl siloxane
Chlorinated Aromatics: 50% Trifluoropropyl polydimethyl siloxane
Alcohols: Polyethylenglycol
Esters: 50% Cyanopropyl polydimethyl siloxane
Sc k kh kt hp khi ph
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
Phn loi HPLC da bn cht tng tc
Sc k phn b (partition chromatography)
Sc k hp ph hoc lng-rn (adsorption or liquid-
solid chromatography)
Sc k trao i ion (ion exchange chromatography)
Sc k loi tr kch thc (size exclusion
chromatography)
SO3
-
SO3
-
Na
+
COO
-
H3N
+
Na
+
COOH
H3N
+
pH2
pH4.5
Ion-exchange Resin
VD: nguyn l sc k trao i ion
(acide amine)
Sc k loi tr kch thc
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
c im ca HPLC
Pha tnh c nhi trong ct
Pha ng trng thi lng: Cc dung mi, hn hp dung mi hoc nc
Phn loi HPLC da vo vt liu nhi
Pha thng thng (Normal phase): vt liu nhi l silica n gin
Trao i ion: silica bin tnh (mdified silica)
Pha o (reverse-phase): silica bin tnh
Phn ln cc HPLC l pha o
Cht phn tch c gi trn pha tnh
phn cc nh hn cho n khi b ra tri
bi pha ng phn cc ln
Thao tc n gin
Hiu qu cao
Ct lm vic n nh
C th phn tch cho c hai loi cu t c
c tnh tng t hoc khc xa nhau
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
Mc du c nhiu l thuyt nghin cu v vic s dng pha o nhng phn
ln cc chng trnh HPLC pha o u thu c t phng php th v
sai (by trial and error).
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
Gc R l C8 (n-octyl), C12 (n-octyl)
hoc C18 (n-octyldecyl).
Pha ng l H2O + dung mi ha tan
(acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol,
isopropanol).
Cc cu t phn cc s b ra ra
nhanh nht, tng phn cc ca pha
ng s lm tng thi gian chy mu
Pha tnh-Pha o
(Stationary Phases for Reversed-Phase LC)
Pha tnh bnh thng ca LC
(Stationary Phases for Normal LC)
Pha ng tng i khng phn cc:
Hexane, Isopropyl eter, toluene
Cc cu t khng phn cc s b ra
ra nhanh nht, tng phn cc ca pha
ng s gim thi gian chy mu
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
nh hng ca bn cht pha tnh n cht lng tch
Pha o
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
S nguyn l ca HPLC
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
Cc yu cu i vi dung mi
p sut bm: vi trm atm (~6000psi), lu lng 0,1 10 ml.min
-1
vi E<0,5%
Vt liu bm bn n mn i vi nhiu loi dung mi khc nhau
Ch bm piston
C ht trong ct sc k: 3 - 10m
Mt hoc nhiu bnh cha dung mi (500 ml)
Loi b hon ton kh ha tan v cn trong dung mi gim rng ca peak
(band spreading) v nh hng n cht lng detector
ui kh ha tan trong dung mi bng kh tr (sparger)
La chn ch tch ra (elution) cho dung mi
Trang b cc loi valves t l (proportionating valves) cho php a dung mi t
hai bnh cha vi cc lu lng thay i lin tc
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
Hiu qu tch bng phng
php gradient elution
S dng mt dung mi n gin c thnh
phn khng i: isocratic
S dng hai hay nhiu hn cc h dung
mi c phn cc (polarity) khc nhau
nhiu: gradient elution
T l cc loi dung mi c chng trnh
ha lin tc hoc theo tng bc
Gradient elution: tng cht lng ca qu
trnh tch (improve seperation efficiency)
Qu trnh tch ra (Elution)
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
Polar Solvents

Water > Methanol > Acetonitrile > Ethanol > Oxydipropionitrile

Non-polar Solvents

N-Decane > N-Hexane > N-Pentane > Cyclohexane
phn cc ca mt s dung mi s dng trong HPLC
La chn pha ng v pha tnh
Ch yu da vo s phn cc ca cu t phn tch, pha ng, pha tnh
Quy tc chung: phn cc (polarity) ca cu t cn phn tch v pha tnh l
tng ng cn pha ng c phn cc sai bit
Khi phn cc ca cu t v pha tnh qu ging nhau: thng tc mnh gia
cu t cn phn tch v pha tnh thi gian phn tch ko di
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
Tnh cht mt s loi dung mi s dng trong HPLC
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
H thng np mu (Sample Injection Systems)
S dng valve 6 cng
Np mu qua vng ly mu (sampling loops) Sc k lng hin i
C th thay th sampling loops t 5 l n 500 l
Sai s ca lng mu np di 1%
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
Ct sc k HPLC
Thng thng:
L = 10 30 cm v c th ni tip 2 ct hoc nhiu hn
ID = 4 10 mm, kch thc ht nhi: 3, 5 v 10m
40.000 60.000 a/m ct
Ct tc cao v hiu qu hn
L = 3 - 7 cm v c th ni tip 2 ct hoc nhiu hn
ID = 1 4,6 mm, kch thc ht nhi: 3 hoc 5 m
100.000 a/m ct
Ct bo v (Guard Column)
c lp t trc ct phn tch ko di tui th ca ct
Thnh phn = thnh phn ca ct phn tch nhng c ht ln
hn gim tn tht p sut
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
n nh nhit ca ct (Column Thermostats)
Phn ln ng dng cua HPLC c thc hin nhit phng
Tuy vy cht lng ca sc k s tt hn nu duy tr nhit ca ct
khng thay i (sai s < 0,05C)
Thit b HPLC hin i c trang b thm l gia nhit cho ct (Column
heater) n nh nhit gn 150C vi sai s < 0,05C
Trang b h thng phun nc lm lnh (water jackets fed) t b n nhit
khng ch chnh xc nhit
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
u d (Detector) dng cho HPLC
Khng nhy v c kh nng phn tch a dng nh detector ca GC
Thng gp nht l Detector UV-Vis
LOC: Limit Of Detection
Mass LOD = concentration (mol/L) x inj. vol. (L) x FW (g/mol)
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
UV-Vis and Fluorescence Detector Electrochemical Detector
Amperometric detection = fixed potential and measure the current response.
= 200-400nm
s dng 254 nm
B. Sc k lng hiu qu cao
(Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC)
Cc phng php nng cao phn gii trong HPLC
Tng chiu di ca ct (Increase column length)
Gim ng knh ca ct (Decrease column diameter)
Gim lu lng pha ng (Decrease flow-rate)
Pha tnh (vt liu nhi ct) ng nht (Uniform stationary phase (packing))
Gim th tch bm mu (Decrease sample size)
La chn pha tnh sch hn (Select proper stationary phase)
La chon pha ng tinh khit hn (Select proper mobile phase)
S dng p sut n nh hn (Use proper pressure)
Thnh phn ca pha ng thay i hp l (Use gradient elution)
So snh HPLC v GC
(Comparison of HPLC and GLC)
Cc c im chung:
Hiu qu, chn lc cao, ng dng rng ri
Th tich mu nh
C th khng ph hy mu (nondestructive of sample)
nh lng d dng
u im ca HPLC
p dng c vi cc
mu khng bay hi v
khng bn nhit
p dng c cho cc ion
v c
u im ca GC
Thit b n gin v r
Nhanh chng
D dng kt ni vi ph
khi
p dng
S liu ban u:
(t
R
)
A
=16.4 pht, (t
R
)
B
=17.63 pht, (t
R
)
M
=1.3 pht, chiu di ct: L=30 cm
rng ca peak ti ng nn: W
A
=1.11 pht v W
B
=1.21 pht
Tnh ton: R
s
, N, H, Chiu di ca ct bo m R
s
=1.5 v (t
R
)
B
tng ng.
R
s
= 2(17.63 16.4)/(1.11+1.21) = 1.06

Gii:
N = 16(16.4/1.11)
2
= 3493 v N = 16(17.63/1.21)
2
= 3397
N = (3493+3397)/2= 3445
H = L/N = 30/3445 = 8.710
- 3
cm
Do k
B
v o khng thay i khi tng chiu cao ca ct, ta c:
( )
( )
cm H N L
N
N N
N
R
R
s
s
60 10 7 . 8 10 9 . 6
10 9 . 6
3445
5 . 1
06 . 1
3 3
3
2
2 2
1
2
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= = =
= = =

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( ) phut t
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35
5 . 1
06 . 1 63 . 17
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o
Bi tp
1) Cho 2 cht c thi gian lu tR1=1,43, tR2=
4,5 v b rng y Wb1=0,1,
Wb2 = 0,3. Tnh s a l thuyt ng vi mi
cht
2) Mi cp peak c chn lc o = 1,1 v h
s phn gii Rs=1, h s cha K2=0,5. Tnh
s a l thuyt N?
Bi tp
3) Mt hn hp gm 2 cht c h s cha
K1= 2,58 v K2=2,64. Tnh h s chn
lc o?
Bi tp
3) Mt h thng sc k lng hot ng vi cc thng
s sau:
Chiu di phn ct c nhi pha tnh: 25,2 cm,Tc
dng: 0,312ml/ph, Th tch pha ng:
VM=1,4ml, Th tch pha tnh: Vs=0,168ml
Sau khi cho qua ct cha 2 cu t AB ta c sc
k vi d liu sau: tM = 1,2ph; thi gian lu ca
A v B l 12,5 v 13,8ph, chiu rng chn peak A
v B l 1,34 v 1,44ph.
Hy tnh: N, H, K, K, Rs, o