Co Nhiettn

5
CHNG I ONG HOC CHAT IEM

A. KIEN THC C BAN

1. Chuyen ong thang eu
a. Gia toc
Trong chuyen ong thang eu gia toc a = 0
b. Van toc
v = v
TB
=
t
x - x
0
= const
Neu vat chuyen ong eu tren cac chang ng s
1
, s
2
, s
n
vi van toc tng ng
v
1
, v
2
, .v
n
. th van toc trung bnh tren toan quang ng s:
v
TB
=
n 2 1
n 2 1
t ... t t
s ... s s
t
s
+ + +
+ + +
=
trong o:
s
1
= v
1
t
1
; s
2
= v
2
t
2
; .s
n
= v
n
t
n
c. Phng trnh chuyen ong
x = x
0
+ vt
Trong o chon t
0
= thi iem ban au = 0
x
0
= toa o cua chat iem thi iem t = 0
d. Quang ng i ctrong thi gian t
s = x - x
o
= vt
2. Chuyen ong thang bien oi eu
Hai loai chuyen ong thang bien oi eu:
Neu toc o tang eu theo thi gian chuyen ong thang nhanh dan eu.
- a
cung phng chieu vi v
. Tc la: a.v > 0 hay

- Neu vat chuyen ong theo chieu dng: v > 0 va a > 0
- Neu vat chuyen ong theo chieu am: v < 0 va a < 0
Neu toc o giam eu theo thi gian chuyen ong thang cham dan eu.
- a
cung phng, ngc chieu vi v
. Tc la: a.v < 0

- Neu vat chuyen ong theo chieu dng: v > 0 th a < 0
- Neu vat chuyen ong theo chieu am: v < 0 th a > 0
a. Gia toc
a = tg = const = hang so
Trong o tg = he so goc cua ng bieu dien (v,t)
b. Van toc
v = v
o
+ a(t t
o
)
trong o: v
o
= van toc thi iem ban au t
o
(thng chon t
0
= 0). Khi o:
v = v
o
+ at
x = x
0
+ s = x
o
+ v
0
t +
2
at
2

d. Quang ng cua chuyen ong
s = v
0
(t t
0
) +
2
) t t ( a
2
o
-

Chon t
o
= 0:

6
s = v
0
t +
2
at
2

e. o di cua chuyen ong thang bien oi eu
x = x
B
x
A
= t .
2
v v
A B
+

x = x
B
x
A
; t = t
B
t
A

f. Cong thc lien he gia gia toc, van toc va quang ng trong chuyen ong thang
bien oi e u
v
2
v
o
2
= 2as
3. Chuye n ong ri t do
a. Gia toc
a = g
b. Van toc
v = gt
y = y
0
+
2
gt
2

d. Quang ng di chuyen
h = s = |y y
0
| =
2
gt
2

e. Cong thc oc lap vi thi gian
v
2
= 2gh
4. Chuyen ong tron
a. Vec t o di
Vec t o di trong khoang thi gian t = t
2
t
1
la:
2 1
r r -r =

1
r
vec t tia thi iem t

1
;
2
r
vec t tia thi iem t

2
nh hnh 1.20.
b. o bien thien toa o go c
=
2
-
1
2
= toa o goc thi iem t
2

1
= toa o goc thi iem t
1

c. Van toc dai
Van toc trung bnh
TB
v
=
1 2
1 2
t _ t
r _ r

=
r
t

Van toc tc thi
v
=
1 2
1 2
t _ t
r _ r

=
r
t
khi t rat be
Trong chuyen ong tron vec t v
co phng luon
tiep tuyen vi ng tron qu ao tai iem ang
xet, chieu hng theo chieu chuyen ong.
o ln cua van toc dai
v
= v =
r
t
=
t
s
khi t rat be
s = o dai cua cung tron ma vat chuyen ong i c trong thi gian t
d. Van toc goc
Van toc goc trung bnh
x
y
O
M
1
Hnh 1.1
r
1
M
2
r
2
r

7
TB
=
t

= goc ma ban knh qu ao OM quet c trong thi gian t.
Van toc goc tc thi

=
t
khi t rat be
n v van toc goc: rad/s
e. Cong thc lien he gia van toc goc vi van toc dai v
Ta co:
v =
t
s
= R
t

v = R
f. Cac ac trng cua chuyen ong tron eu
Chu k
Chu k T cua chuyen ong tron eu la thi gian e van chuyen ong i het mot
vong.
T =
2

n v: s
Tan so
Tan so cua chuyen ong tron eu la so vong ma vat i c trong mot n v
thi gian ( mot giay).
f =
T
1
=
2

n v: Hz = vong/s
g. Gia toc hng tam
Phng va chieu cua vec t gia toc trong chuyen ong tron eu
Trong chuyen ong tron eu vec t gia toc cua chuyen ong luon vuong goc
vi vec t van toc v
va hng ve tam cua qu ao chuyen ong nen goi la gia

toc hng tam.
t
v
a

o ln cua gia toc hng tam
a
ht
=
t
v
=
2
2
R
R
v
=
5. Tnh tng oi cua chuyen o ng
a. Cong thc cong van toc tong quat
3 , 1
v
=
2 , 1
v
+
3 , 2
v

3 , 1
v
= van toc cua vat (1) oi vi he qui chieu ng yen (3) = van toc tuyet oi.
2 , 1
v
= van toc cua vat (1) oi vi he qui chieu chuyen ong (2) = van toc tng oi.
3 , 2
v
= van toc cua he qui chieu chuyen o ng (2) so vi he qui chieu ng yen (3) =
van toc keo theo.
b. Cac trng hp ac biet
Trng hp cac van toc cung phng chieu
v
1,3
= v
1,2
+ v
2,3
Trng hp van toc tng oi
2 , 1
v
cung phng, ngc chieu vi van toc keo

theo
3 , 2
v

8
|v
1,3
|= |v
1,2
| - |v
2,3
|
Trng hp van toc tng oi ' v
vuong goc vi van toc keo theoV

v
1,3

2
= v
1,2
2
+ v
2,3
2

B. CAU HOI TRAC NGHIEM
Cau 1: Chon cau tra li ung
Chuyen ong c hoc:
A. La s thay oi v tr cua vat so vi cac vat khac theo thi gian.
B. La s thay oi trang thai cua vat theo thi gian.
C. La s thay oi toc o cua vat theo thi gian.
D. La s thay oi nang lng cua vat theo thi gian.
ong hoc la mot phan cua c hoc:
A. Nghien cu ve nguyen nhan gay ra chuyen ong cua vat.
B. Ch nghien cu s chuyen ong cua cac vat ma khong chu y en cac nguyen nhan
gay ra cac chuyen ong nay.
C. Nghien cu ve tnh chat cua chuyen ong va nguyen nhan gay ra no.
D. Ca A, B, C eu sai.
Chat iem la nhng vat ma:
A. Kch thc va hnh dang cua chung hau nh khong anh hng ti ket qua cua bai
toan.
B. Kch thc cua no nho hn milimet.
C. La vat co kch thc rat nho so vi qu ao chuyen ong cua no.
D. Ca A va C eu ung.
Cau 4: Trng hp nao sau ay khong the coi vat chuyen ong la chat iem:
A. O to chuyen ong tren ng.
B. Vien an bay trong khong kh.
C. Canh ca chuyen ong quanh ban le.
D. Con kien bo tren tng.
A. He toa o la he truc dung e xac nh v tr cua mot vat trong khong gian.
B. He qui chieu la mot he toa o gan vi vat moc, kem vi mot ong ho va goc thi
gian.
C. e co he qui chieu th phai co he toa o.
D. Ca A, B, C eu ung.
o di cua mot chat iem c xac nh bi cong thc:
A. x = x
2
x
1
B. x = x
2
+ x
1
C. x = |x
2
x
1
| D. x = |x
2
+ x
1
|
Trong o: x
1
, x
2
la toa o cua chat iem cac thi iem tng ng t
1
, t
2
.
Cau 7: Chon cau phat bieu ung
A. Mot vat la ng yen neu khoang cach t no en vat moc luon luon co gia tr khong
oi.
B. Mot vat chuyen ong thang neu tat ca cac iem tren vat vach qu ao giong het
nhau.
C. Mat Tri moc ang ong, lan ang Tay v Trai at quay quanh truc Bac Nam
t ong sang Tay.
D. Mot vat chuyen ong tron neu tat ca cac iem tren vat eu nen vach qu ao tron.

9
Cau 8: Chon cau tra li sai
Chuyen ong thang eu la chuyen ong co:
A. qu ao la ng thang.
B. vec t van toc khong oi theo thi gian va luon vuong goc vi qu ao chuyen ong
cua vat.
C. vat i c nhng quang ng bang nhau trong nhng khoang thi gian bang nhau
bat k.
D. gia toc luon bang khong.
Phng trnh chuyen ong cua chat iem la:
A. Ham bieu dien v tr cua chat iem trong khong gian.
B. Ham bieu dien toa o x, y, z cua chat iem theo thi gian t.
C. Ham cua ban knh vect r
theo toa o x,y,z.

Cau 10: Ghep noi dung cau cot ben phai phu hp vi noi dung cau tng ng cot ben trai:

1. ai lng ac trng cho o
nhanh cham cua chuyen ong
chat iem tai mot v tr ng vi
thi iem bat k nao o.
2. ai lng o c bang thng
so gia o bien thien cua van
toc va khoang thi gian trong o
van toc bien thien
3. n v o cua gia toc
4. ai lng ac trng cho s bien
thien cua van toc ca ve o ln
va phng chieu
5. Chuyen ong thang co van toc
luon thay oi theo thi gian
6. Chuyen ong thang trong o
van toc tc thi co o ln tang
dan theo thi gian
van toc tc thi co o ln giam
dan theo thi gian
8. ai lng o c bang thng
so gia o dai quang ng i
cua vat va khoang thi gian vat
i het quang ng o.
van toc tc thi co o ln tang
hoac giam eu theo thi gian
10. v
2
v
0
2
= 2as vi v
0
va a cung
dau.
11. v = v
0
+ at vi tch a.v
0
> 0
12. x = x
0
+ v
0
t +
2
2
at
vi x
0
, v
0
, a
cung dau
a. Cong thc lien he gia ng i, van toc
va gia toc trong chuyen ong thang
nhanh dan eu.

b. Chuyen ong thang cham dan eu.

c. Van toc trung bnh
d. Cong thc van toc cua chuyen ong
thang nhanh dan eu.

e. Chuyen ong thang nhanh dan eu.

f. Phng trnh toa o cua chuyen ong
thang nhanh dan eu.

g. Cong thc ng i cua chuyen ong
thang nhanh dan eu.

h. Gia toc cua chuyen ong.

i. Chuyen ong thang bien oi.

j. Vect gia toc.

k. Met tren giay bnh phng (m/s
2
)

l. Van toc tc thi

10
13. s = v
0
t +
2
2
at
vi tch a.v
0
> 0

m. Chuyen ong thang bien oi eu.

e xac nh v tr cua mot tau bien gia ai ng, ngi ta dung cach chon he truc toa
o va moc thi gian nh sau:
A. Khoang cach en ba hai cang ln; t = 0 luc tau khoi hanh.
B. Khoang cach en ba hai cang ln; t = 0 la khong gi quoc te.
C. Kinh o, v o a l; t = 0 luc tau khi hanh.
D. Kinh o, v o a l; t = 0 la khong gi quoc te.
Cau 12: Chon phat bieu ung
Chuyen ong nao sau ay la chuyen ong tnh tien:
A. ieu kien can va u cua chuyen ong tnh tien la moi iem cua no co chieu dai qu
ao bang nhau.
B. Khi vat chuyen ong tnh tien, moi iem cua no co qu ao giong het nhau.
C. Qu ao cua mot chuyen ong tnh tien phai la mot ng thang.
Mot vat chuyen ong tren truc toa o Ox. thi iem t
1
vat co toa o x
1
= 7 m va th i
iem t
2
toa o cua vat la x
2
= 4 m.
A. o di cua vat la x = 3 m.
B. o di cua vat la x = -3 m.
C. Vat chuyen ong theo chieu dng qu ao.
D. Quang ng vat i c trong khoang thi gian o la s = 11 m
Mot oto i tren quang ng AB vi van toc 40 km/h. Neu tang van toc them 10 km/h
th oto en B sm hn d nh 30 phut. Quang ng AB bang:
A. 50 km B. 100 km
C. 150 km D. 200 km
Trong chuyen ong thang eu cua mot vat:
A. Van toc trung bnh bao gi cung ln hn vat toc tc thi.
B. Van toc trung bnh bao gi cung nho hn vat toc tc thi.
C. Van toc trung bnh bao gi cung bang vat toc tc thi.
D. Khong co c s e ket luan.
Cau 16: Chon cau phat bieu sai
Trong chuyen ong thang eu:
A. o th van toc theo thi gian la mot ng thang song song vi truc hoanh Ot.
B. o th van toc theo thi gian la mot ng thang hp vi truc hoanh Ot mot goc
0.
C. o th toa o theo thi gian cua chuyen ong thang bao gi cung la ng thang
hp vi truc hoanh Ot mot goc 0.
D. o th toa o theo thi gian cua chuyen ong thang bao gi cung la ng thang
hp vi truc tung Ox mot goc 0.
Mot xe ap chuyen ong thang eu tren mot quang ng dai 12,1 km het 0,5 gi. Van
toc cua xe ap la:
A. 25,2 km/h B. 7 m/s
C. 90,72 m/s D. 420 m/phut.
Cau 18: Chon ap so ung

11
Mot o to chay tren ng thang. Tren na au cua ng i, oto chuyen ong vi van
toc khong oi 20 km/h. Tren na quang ng sau, xe chay vi van toc khong oi 30
km/h. Van toc trung bnh cua o to tren ca quang ng la:
A. 24 km/h B. 25 km/h
C. 28 km/h D. Mot ket qua khac.
Chuyen ong thang nhanh dan eu la chuyen ong co:
B. vec t gia toc cua vat co o ln la mot hang so va luon hng cung phng, cung
chieu vi chuyen ong cua vat.
C. quang ng i c cua vat luon t le thuan vi thi gian vat i.
D. vec t van toc luon tiep tuyen vi qu ao chuyen ong va co o ln tang theo ham
bac nhat oi vi thi gian.
Chuyen ong thang cham dan eu la chuyen ong co:
B. vec t gia toc cua vat co o ln la mot hang so va luon hng cung phng, cung
chieu vi vec t van toc cua vat.
C. quang ng i c cua vat la ham bac hai oi vi thi gian vat i.
D. vec t van toc luon tiep tuyen vi qu ao chuyen ong va co o ln giam theo ham
bac nhat oi vi thi gian.
Mot chiec xe la chuyen ong tren oan ng thang qua iem A vi van toc 20 m/s ,
gia toc 2 m/s
2
. Tai B cach A 125 m van toc xe la:
A.10 m/s B.20 m/s
C. 30 m/s D. 40 m/s
Mot chat iem chuyen ong tren truc Ox. Phng trnh co dang:
x (m) = - t
2
+ 10t + 8; t c tnh bang giay
Chat iem chuyen ong:
A. Nhanh dan eu roi cham dan eu theo chieu am cua truc Ox.
B. Cham dan eu roi nhanh dan eu theo chieu am cua truc Ox.
C. Nhanh dan eu roi cham dan eu theo chieu dng cua truc Ox.
D. Cham dan eu theo chieu dng roi nhanh dan eu theo chieu am cua truc Ox.
o th toa o thi gian cua chuyen ong
thang cua mot vt co dang nh hnh 1.3.
Trong khoang thi gian:
A. t O en t
1
vt chuyn ng nhanh dan
eu.
B. t t
1
en t
2
vat chuyen ong thang
eu.
C. t t
2
en t
3
vat chuyen ong cham dan
eu.
Trong cong thc cua chuyen ong thang cham dan eu:
v = v
0
+ at
A. v luon luon dng.
B. a luon luon dng.
t

x

O
Hnh 1.3
t
1 t
2
t
3

12
C. a luon cung dau vi v.
D. a luon ngc dau vi v.
Trong chuyen ong thang nhanh dan eu, neu chon chieu dng la chieu chuyen ong
th:
A. Gia toc la mot ai lng vec t a
cung phng, chieu vi vec t van toc v
.
B. Gia toc la mot ai lng vec t a
cung phng, ngc chieu vi vec t van toc v
.
C. Gia toc la mot ai lng vec t a
tiep tuyen vi qu ao chuyen ong.

D. Gia toc la mot ai lng vec t co o ln a la mot hang so dng.
Trong chuyen ong thang cham dan eu, neu chon chieu dng la chieu chuyen ong
th:
A. Gia toc la mot ai lng vec t a
cung phng, ngc chieu vi vec t van toc v
.
B. Gia toc la mot ai lng vec t co o ln a la mot hang so am.
C. Gia toc la mot ai lng vec t a
co gia tr a cang am th van toc cua vat giam cang

nhanh.
D. Gia toc la mot ai lng vec t a
co gia tr a cang am th van toc cua vat giam

cang cham.
Mot o to ang chuyen ong vi van toc 21,6 km/h th tang toc, sau 5 s th at c van
toc 50,4 km/h. Gia toc trung bnh cua o to la:
A. 1,2 m/s
2
B. 1,4 m/s
2

C. 1,6 m/s
2
D. Mot gia tr khac.
Mot o to ang chuyen ong vi van toc 54 km/h th ham phanh chuyen ong cham dan
eu va dng lai sau 10 s. Chon chieu dng la chieu chuyen ong cua o to. Van toc cua
o to sau khi ham phanh c 6 s la:
A. 2,5 m/s B. 6 m/s
C. 7,5 m/s D. 9 m/s
Mot o to ang chuyen ong vi van toc 21,6 km/h th xuong doc chuyen ong nhanh
dan eu vi gia toc a = 0,5 m/s
2
va khi xuong en chan doc at van toc 43,2 km/h.
Chieu dai doc la:
A. 6 m B. 36 m
C. 108 m D. Mot gia tr khac.
Van toc cua mot chat iem chuyen ong doc theo truc Ox cho bi he thc:
v = 10 2t (m/s)
Van toc trung bnh cua chat iem trong khoang thi gian t t
1
= 2 s en t
2
= 4 s la:
A. 1m/s B. 2 m/s
C. 3 m/s D. 4 m/s
Phng trnh chuyen ong cua mot vat co
dang:
x = 3 - 4t + 2t
2
(m; s)
Bieu thc van toc tc thi cua vat theo thi
gian la:
A. v = 2(t 2) (m/s)
B. v = 4(t 1) (m/s)
C. v = 2(t 1) (m/s)
t(s)

v (m/s)

O 1 2 3 4 5
Hnh 1.4
10
8
6
4
2

v
o

13
D. v = 2(t + 2) (m/s)
o th van toc thi gian cua mot chuyen ong co dang nh hnh 1.4.
A. Chuyen ong tren la nhanh dan eu.
B. Gia toc chuyen ong bang 1,6 m/s
2
.
C. Cong thc tnh van toc chuyen ong la v = 2 + 1,6t ( m/s).
D. Cong thc tnh quang ng chuyen ong trong thi gian t la s = 2t + 3,2t
2
.
Mot vat chuyen ong nhanh dan eu i c nhng oan ng s
1
= 12 m va s
2
= 32 m
trong hai khoang thi gian lien tiep bang nhau la 2 s. Gia toc chuyen ong cua vat la:
A. 2 m/s
2
B. 2,5 m/s
2

C. 5 m/s
2
D. 10 m/s
2
Mot chiec xe la chuyen ong tren oan ng thang qua iem A vi van toc v
A
, gia
toc 2,5 m/s
2
. Tai B cach A 100 m van toc xe bang v
B
= 30 m/s. v
A
co gia tr la:
A.10 m/s B.20 m/s
C.30 m/s D.40 m/s
Mot vat chuyen ong nhanh dan eu vi van toc au v
o
= 0. Trong giay th nhat vat i
c quang ng l
1
= 3 m; Trong giay th hai vat i c quang ng l
2
bang:
A. 3 m B. 6 m
C. 9 m D. 12 m
o th van toc thi gian cua mot vat
chuyen ong thang co dang nh hnh 1.5.
Trong khoang thi gian:
A. t O en t
1
= 1 s vt chuyn ng
nhanh dan eu.
B. t t
1
= 1 s en t
2
= 4 s vat chuyen
ong thang eu.
C. t t
2
= 4 s en t
3
= 5 s vat chuyen
ong cham dan eu.
Mot trai banh c nem thang ng. ai lng nao sau ay khong thay oi:
A. o di B. ong nang
C. Gia toc D. Van toc
Mot trai banh c nem t mat at thang ng vi van toc 20 m/s. Thi gian t luc
nem trai banh ti luc cham at :
A. 1 s B. 2 s
C. 3 s D. 4 s
Mot thang may chuyen ong khong van toc au t mat at i xuong mot gieng sau
150 m. Trong
3
2
quang ng au tien thang may co gia toc 0,5 m/s
2
, trong
3
1
quang
ng sau thang may chuyen ong cham dan eu cho en khi dng han ay gieng.
Van toc cc ai cua thang la:
A. 5 m/s B. 36 km/h
C. 25m/s D.108 km/h
t(s)

v (m/s)

O 1 2 3 4 5
Hnh 1.5
5
4
3
2
1

14
Mot chat iem chuyen ong co gia toc toan phan a bang gia toc tiep tuyen a
t
, o la
chuyen ong:
A. Thang eu B. Tron bien oi eu.
C. Thang bien oi eu. D. Tron eu.
Chuyen ong ri t do:
A. Co phng cua chuyen ong la phng thang ng, chieu t tren xuong di.
B. La chuyen ong thang nhanh dan eu vi gia toc a = g = gia toc ri t do (gia toc
trong trng) va van toc au v
o
> 0.
C. Cong thc tnh van toc thi iem t la v = gt.
D. Cong thc tnh quang ng h i c trong thi gian t la h =
g 2
v
2
c
. Trong o v
c
=
van toc cua vat chuyen ong luc cham at.
Tha mot hon a t o cao h xuong at. Hon a ri trong 0,5 s. Neu tha hon a t o
cao h xuong at mat 1,5 s th h bang:
A. 3h B. 6h
C. 9h D. Mot ap so khac.
Mot vat nang ri t o cao 45 m xuong at. Lay g = 10 m/s
2
. Van toc cua vat khi cham
at la:
A. 20 m/s B. 30 m/s
C. 90 m/s D. Mot ket qua khac.
Mot vat ri t do t mot o cao h. Biet rang trong giay cuoi cung vat ri c quang
ng 15 m. Thi gian ri cua vat la:
A. 1 s B. 1,5 s
C. 2 s D. 2,5 s
Lay g = 10 m/s
2
.
Tha hai vat ri t do ong thi t hai o cao h
1
h
2
. Biet rang thi gian cham at cua
vat th nhat bang
2
1
lan cua vat th hai.
A. T so 2
h
h
2
1
=

B. T so
2
1
h
h
2
1
=

C. T so
4
1
h
h
2
1
=

D. T so 4
h
h
2
1
=

Hai vat co khoi lng m
1
> m
2
ri t do tai cung mot a iem:
A. Van toc cham at v
1
> v
2
.
B. Van toc cham at v
1
< v
2
.
C. Van toc cham at v
1
= v
2
.
Trong o v
1
, v
2
tng ng la vat toc cham at cua vat th nhat va vat th hai. Bo qua
sc can cua khong kh.
1
< m
2
ri t do tai cung mot a iem:
A. Thi gian cham at t
1
> t
2
.

15
B. Thi gian cham at t
1
< t
2
.
C. Thi gian cham at t
1
= t
2
.
Trong o t
1
, t
2
tng ng la thi gian t luc ri ti luc cham at cua vat th nhat va vat
th hai. Bo qua sc can cua khong kh.
Chuyen ong tron eu la chuyen ong:
A. co qu ao la mot ng tron.
B. vat i c nhng cung tron bang nhau trong nhng khoang thi gian bang nhau
bat k.
C. co chu k T la thi gian vat chuyen ong i c mot vong qu ao bang hang so.
Van toc dai cua chuyen ong tron eu:
A. Co phng luon vuong goc vi ng tron qu ao tai iem ang xet.
B. co o ln v tnh bi cong thc v = v
0
+ at.
C. Co o ln la mot hang so.
D. Ca A, C eu ung.
Mot chat iem chuyen ong thang eu, khi o gia toc:
A. a = a
t
B. a = a
n
C. a

= 0 D. Ca A, B, C eu sai.
trong o: a = gia toc toan phan; a
t
= gia toc tiep tuyen; a
n
= gia toc phap tuyen (gia toc
hng tam).
Mot chat iem chuyen ong thang bien oi eu, khi o gia toc:
A. a = a
t
B. a = a
n
C. a

t
n
hng tam).
Mot chat iem chuyen ong tron eu, khi o gia toc:
A. a = a
t
B. a = a
n
C. a

t
n
hng tam).
Mot o to ang chay thang eu vi van toc 36 km/h bong tang ga chuyen ong nhanh
dan eu. Biet rang sau khi chay c quang ng 625 m th o to at van toc 54 km/h.
Gia toc cua xe:
A. 1 mm/s
2
B. 1 cm/s
2

C. 0,1 m/s
2
D. 1 m/s
2
Mot chat iem chuyen ong trong mat phang toa o Oxy co phng trnh chyen ong:
x = 4sin 2t (m); y = 4 cos 2t ( m)
Qu ao chuyen ong cua no la:
A. ng thang B. ng tron
C. ng Parabol D. ng Hyperbol
Cau 55: Chon cau phat bieu sai
Trong cac chuyen ong tron eu co cung chu k:

16
A. chuyen ong nao co ban knh qu ao ln hn th co o ln van toc dai ln hn.
B. chuyen ong nao co ban knh nho hn th co o ln van toc dai nho hn.
C. chuyen ong nao co ban knh qu ao ln hn th co gia toc ln hn.
D. chuyen ong nao co ban knh qu ao ln hn th co tan so goc ln hn.
Chuyen ong cua cac vat di ay la chuyen ong tron eu:
A. Chuyen ong cua mot au kim ong ho khi ong ho ang hoat ong.
B. Chuyen ong cua au van xe ap so vi truc banh xe ap khi xe ang chuyen
ong eu.
C. Chuyen ong cua canh quat tran khi quat ang hoat ong mot toc o xac nh.
D. Chuyen ong cua cai au van xe ap oi vi mat ng, xe chay eu.
Mot a ac ong chat co dang hnh tron banh knh R ang quay tron eu quanh truc
cua no. Hai iem A, B nam tren cung mot ng knh cua a. iem A nam tren vanh
a, iem B nam trung iem gia tam O cua vong tron vi vanh a. T so toc o dai
va toc o goc cua hai iem A va B la:
A.
4
1
v
v
B
A
= B.
2
1
v
v
B
A
=
C. 2
v
v
B
A
= D. 4
v
v
B
A
=
Gia toc cua chuyen ong tron eu:
A. la mot ai lng vec t luon tiep tuyen vi qu ao chuyen ong.
B. la mot ai lng vec t luon hng ve tam qu ao chuyen ong.
C. la mot ai lng vec t luon cung phng, chieu vi vec t van toc dai.
Mot quat may quay c 180 vong trong thi gian 30 s. canh quat dai 0,4 m. Van toc
dai cua mot iem au canh quat la:
A.
3
m/s B. 2,4 m/s

C. 4,8 m/s D. Mot gia tr khac.
Mot chat iem chuyen ong tren mot ng tron ban knh R = 15 m, vi van toc dai
54 km/h. Gia toc hng tam cua chat iem la:
A. 1 m/s
2
B. 15 m/s
2

C. 225 m/s
2
D. Mot gia tr khac.
Hai o to A va B chay cung chieu tren cung mot oan ng vi van toc 30 km/h va 40
km/h. Van toc cua o to A so vi o to B bang:
A. 10 km/h B. 70 km/h
C. 50 km/h D. Mot gia tr khac.
Mot hanh khach ngoi trong mot xe o to A, nhn qua ca so thay mot o to B ben canh
va mat ng eu chuyen ong:
A. O to ng yen oi vi mat ng la o to A.
B. Ca hai o to eu ng yen oi vi mat ng.
C. Ca hai o to eu chuyen ong oi vi mat ng.
D. Cac ket luan tren eu khong ung.

17
Hoa ngoi tren mot toa tau chuyen ong vi van toc 18 km/h ang ri ga. Bao ngoi tren
mot toa tau khac chuyen ong vi van toc 12 km/h ang vao ga. Hai ng tau song
song vi nhau. Van toc cua Bao oi vi Hoa la:
A. 6 km/h B. 12 km/h
C. 18 km/h D. 30 km/h
Mot chiec xe chay qua cau vi van toc 8 m/s theo hng Bac. Mot chiec thuyen di
chuyen vi van toc 6 m/s theo hng ong nh hnh 1.6 . Van toc cua chiec xe oi vi
chiec thuyen la:
A. 2 m/s B. 10 m/s
C. 14 m/s D. Mot ap so khac.
Mot cano i xuoi dong nc t ben A ti ben B het 2 h, con neu i ngc dong t B ve
A het 3 h. Biet van toc cua dong nc so vi b song 5 km/h. Van toc cua cano so vi
dong nc la:
A. 1 m/s B. 10 m/s
C. 15 m/s D. 25 m/s

CHNG II ONG LC HOC CHAT IEM

A. KIEN THC C BAN

1. Cac nh luat c hoc cua Niu-tn
a. nh luat I cua Niu-tn
F = 0 a = 0
b. nh luat II cua Niu-tn
a =
m
F
F = ma
c. nh luat III cua Niu-tn
Hai vat tng tac vi nhau bang nhng lc trc oi.
AB F = - BA F
ac iem cua cap lc va phan lc:
Lc va phan lc luon luon xuat hien tng cap.
Lc va phan lc khong the can bang nhau v chung at vao hai vat khac nhau.
2. ie u kien can bang cua mot chat iem
ieu kien can bang cua chat iem la hp lc cua cac lc tac dung len no bang khong:
0 F F F F
n 2 1
= + + =

Khi o:
0
m
F
a = =

3. Cac lc c hoc
a. Lc hap dan
Trng hp hai vat (coi nh chat iem) co khoi lng m
1
, m
2
cach nhau mot khoang
r hut nhau bang mot lc:
2
2 1
hd
r
m m
G F =
Trong lng cua vat khoi lng m khi tren mat at (h = 0)

18
2
hd
R
mM
G F = = P = mg
g =
2
M
G
R

Trong lng cua vat khoi lng m khi o cao h (h 0)
( )
2
hd
h R
mM
G F
+
= = P
h
= mg
h
G = 6,68.10
-11
2
2
kg
Nm

Bieu thc cua gia toc ri t do o cao h:
( )
2
h R
M . G
g
+
=
M, R lan lt la khoi lng va ban knh Trai at.
b. Lc an hoi cua lo xo
Trong gii han an hoi, lc an hoi cua lo xo t le vi o bien dang cua lo xo:
F
h
= -kl
Trong o:
k = o cng (hay he so an hoi cua lo xo co n v la N/m)
l =
o
l l = o bien dang (o dan hay nen cua lo xo).
l
o
= chieu dai t nhien cua lo xo (luc lo xo khong dan, khong nen)
c. Lc ma sat
Lc ma sat ngh
Gia cua
msn
F
luon nam trong mat tiep xuc gia hai vat.

msn
F
co phng, chieu ngc chieu vi ngoai lc tac dung.

o ln cua F
msn
bang o ln cua F ngoai lc.
F
msn

n
.N
Lc ma sat trt
o ln cua F
mst
t le thuan vi ap lc N tac dung len mat tiep xuc:
F
mst
=
t
.N
Trong mot so trng hp, he so ma sat trt va he so ma sat ngh xap x bang
nhau:
n
=
t

Lc ma sat lan (F
msl
)
Lc ma sat lan xuat hien khi mot vat lan tren mat mot vat khac co tac dung can
tr s lan o.
F
msl
=
l
.N;
l
<
t
4. Phep tong hp - phan tch lc
Qui tac hp lc
Hp lc cua hai lc ong qui c bieu dien bang ng cheo cua hnh bnh hanh
ma hai canh la nhng vec t bieu dien hai lc thanh phan.
2 1
F F F

+ =
Phan tch lc
Phep phan tch lc la ngc vi phep tong hp lc nen cung tuan theo qui tac hnh
bnh hanh.
5. Vat c nem theo phng thang ng
a. Trng hp nem thang ng len tre n vi van toc au v
0

Chon truc Oy thang ng, chieu dng hng len, goc O v tr nem, goc thi gian la
luc nem.

19
+ Gia toc:
a = - g
+ Van toc:
v = v
0
+ at = v
0
- gt
+ Phng trnh chuyen ong cua vat:
y = v
0
t -
2
1
gt
2

b. Trng hp nem thang ng xuo ng di vi van toc au v
0

Chon truc Oy thang ng, chieu dng hng xuong, goc O v tr nem, goc thi gian
la luc nem.
+ Gia toc:
a = g
+ Van toc:
v = v
0
+ at = v
0
+ gt
y = v
0
t +
2
1
gt
2
c. Vat c nem ngang t o cao h vi van toc au v
0

Chon truc Ox nam ngang; Oy thang ng hng xuong, goc O v tr nem, goc thi
gian la luc nem. Phan tch chuyen ong cua vat thanh hai thanh phan:
Chuyen ong theo phng ngang Ox la chuyen ong thang eu.
Chuyen ong theo phng thang ng Oy la chuyen ong ri t do.
+ Van toc Gia toc
=
=
=
0 x
x
o ox
v v
0 a
v v

=
=
=
gt v
g a
0 v
y
y
oy

=
=
2
gt
y
t v x
2
0

+ Phng trnh qu ao - Qu ao cua chuyen ong nem ngang
y =
g
2v
o
2 x
2
Qu ao cua chuyen ong nem ngang la ng Parabol.
+ Tam nem xa:
L = v
o
t = v
o
g
h 2

d. Vat c nem xie n le n mot goc so vi phng ngang, van toc au v
0

Chon truc Ox nam ngang; Oy thang ng hng len, goc O v tr nem, goc thi
gian la luc nem. Phan tch chuyen ong cua vat thanh hai thanh phan:
Chuyen ong theo phng ngang Ox la chuyen ong thang eu.
Chuyen ong theo phng thang ng Oy la chuyen ong bien oi eu vi gia toc
a = - g.
Van toc Gia toc:

20
=
=
=
x 0 x
x
o ox
v v
0 a
cos v v

=
=
=
gt sin v v
g a
sin v v
o y
y
o oy

Phng trnh chuyen ong cua vat:
( )
=
=
2
gt
t ) sin v ( y
t cos v x
2
o
o

Phng trnh qu ao cua vat:
x ) tg ( x
cos v 2
g
y
2
2 2
o
+
=
o cao cc ai ma vat at ti = tam bay cao
H =
g 2
sin v
2 2
o

Thi iem vat at o cao cc ai
t =
g
sin v
o

Tam xa = khoang cach gia iem nem va iem ri (cung tren mat at)
L =
g
2 sin v
2
o

6. Lc quan tnh - Lc hng tam va lc quan tnh li tam
Lc quan tnh
Trong mot he qui chieu chuyen ong vi gia toc a
so vi he qui chieu quan tnh,

cac hien tng c hoc xay ra giong nh la moi vat co khoi lng m chu them mot
lc bang -ma
. Lc nay goi la lc quan tnh:

a m F
q
= (1)
Lc quan tnh khong co phan lc.
Lc hng tam
Lc gay ra gia toc hng vao tam qu ao goi la lc hng tam.
R
mv
ma F
2
ht ht
= =
Lc quan tnh li tam
La lc tac dung vao vat co hng ngc vi lc hng tam. Lc quan tnh li tam co
o ln bang lc hng tam.
R m
R
mv
F
2
2
ht
= =
Hien tng, tang giam va mat trong lng
Trong lng cua mot vat trong he qui chieu ma vat ng yen la hp lc cua lc hap
dan cua Trai at (trong lc) va cac lc quan tnh tac dung len vat.
qt
F P N

+ =
F
qt
= m
2
r = m
2
Rcos
Trong o R la ban knh Trai at; r la ban knh cua vong v tuyen.
la v o ni at vat.
Hien tng tang, giam trong lng:
N = P F
qt
= m (g |a|)
Neu N = P + F
qt
= m(g+a) hien tng tang trong lng .
Neu N = P - F
qt
= m(g-a) hien tng giam trong lng.

21
Neu a = g sao cho N = 0 Hien tng mat trong lng.

Mot chat iem nam can bang di tac dung cua ba lc thanh phan F
1
= 12 N; F
2
= 16 N
va F
3
= 18 N. Neu bo i lc F
2
th hp lc cua hai lc F
1
va F
3
co o ln bang:
A. 6 N B. 12 N
C. 16 N D. 30 N
Mot qua cau co khoi lng m = 100 g c treo nh
hnh 2.1. Lay g = 10 m/s
2
.
A. Trai at tac dung vao qua cau trong lc
P = 1 N.
B. Trai at tac dung vao qua cau trong lc
P = 100 N
C. Si day tac dung vao qua cau lc cang
day T = 100 N.
D. Ca B va C eu ung.
1
> m
2
ang ng yen chu tac dung cua hai lc keo
1
F
=
2
F
lam
cho chung chuyen ong tren cung mot ng thang vi gia toc tng ng a
1
, a
2
. Ket
luan nao sau ay la ung:
A. a
1
> a
2
B. a
1
< a
2

C. a
1
= a
2
D. Khong u c s e ket luan.
Cho hai lc ong qui co o ln bang 150 N va 200 N. Trong so cac gia tr sau ay, gia tr
nao la o ln cua hp lc?
A. 40 N B. 250 N
C. 400 N D. 500 N
Cho hai lc ong qui co o ln bang 12 N va 16 N, o ln va goc hp bi hai lc o la:
A. 3 N; 30
0
B. 20 N; 90
0
C. 30 N ;

60
0
D. 40 N; 45
0
Mot chat iem nam can bang di tac dung cua ba lc thanh phan F
1
= 24 N; F
2
= 32 N
va F
3
= 40 N. Goc gia hai lc

1 2
F , F la:
A. 30
0
B. 45
0
C. 60
0
D. 90
0
Cho hai lc ong qui co cung o ln 30 N. e hp lc cung co o ln bang 30 N th goc
gia hai lc ong qui bang:
A.90
o
B. 120
o

C. 60
o
D. 0
o

Hp lc cua hai lc co o ln F
1
= 10 N va F
2
= 20 N co the:
A. Nho hn 10 N B. Vuong goc vi
1
F
C. Vuong goc vi
2
F . D. Ln hn 30 N.
Hnh 2.1
P
N

22
Phan tch lc Fco o ln F = 50 N thanh hai
lc 1 F va 2 F theo hai phng OA va OB hnh
2.4. o ln cua hai lc thanh phan nay bang:
A. F
1
= F
2
= 50 N
B. F
1
= F
2
= 25 N
C. F
1
= F
2
= 25 2 N
D. F
1
= F
2
= 25 3 N
Cho ba lc thanh phan N
1
= 10 3 N; N
2
=
10 N; N
3
= 12 N; tac dung ong thi len mot chat iem nh
hnh 2.5. Biet N
1
hp vi phng thang ng mot goc 30
o
;
N
2
hp vi phng thang ng mot goc 60
o
. Hp lc cua
ba lc o bang:
A. 0 N B. 2 N
C. 8 N D. 32 N
Cho ba lc ong qui cung nam trong mot mat phang, co
o ln bang nhau la F = 20 N va tng oi mot lam thanh mot goc 120
o
hnh 2.6. Hp
lc cua chung bang:
A. 0

B. 20 N
C. 40 N
D. 120 N
Khoi lng cua mot vat anh hng en:
A. Phan lc tac dung vao vat.
B. Gia toc cua vat.
C. Quang ng vat i.
D. Quan tnh cua vat (sc y).
A. Neu khong chu tac dung cua lc nao hoac neu chu tac dung cua cac lc can bang
th vat se luon ng yen mai.
B. Neu khong chu tac dung cua lc nao hoac neu chu tac dung cua cac lc can bang
th vat se luon chuyen ong thang eu.
C. Neu khong chu tac dung cua lc nao hoac neu chu tac dung cua cac lc can bang,
mot vat ang ng yen se tiep tuc ng yen, mot vat ang chuyen ong se tiep tuc
chuyen ong thang eu.
D. Quan tnh la tnh chat cua moi vat co xu hng bao toan gia toc ca ve hng lan o
ln.
Cau 79: Chon cau ung
A. Mot vat ang ng yen muon chuyen ong phai co lc tac dung vao no.
B. Mot vat bat k chu tac dung cua mot lc co o ln giam dan th se chuyen ong
cham dan.
C. Mot vat se ng yen neu khong co lc tac dung vao vat.
D. Mot vat luon chuyen ong cung phng, chieu vi lc tac dung vao no..
Hnh2.4
O
A
B
F

45
0
45
0
2
N

1
N

3
N

Hnh 2.5
F
2

F
1

F
12
Hnh 2.6
F
3

23
Mot vat co khoi lng m = 800 g at nam
tren mat phang nghieng mot goc 30
0
so vi mat
at nam ngang nh hnh 2.7. Trong lc P tac
dung len vat c phan tch thanh hai thanh
phan P
1
theo phng song song vi mat phang
nghieng va P
2
theo phng vuong goc vi mat
phang nghieng co o ln:
A. P
1
= 0,4 N; P
2
= 0,4 3 N
B. P
1
= 0,4 3 N; P
2
= 0,4 N
C. P
1
= 4 N; P
2
= 4 3 N
D. P
1
= 4 3 N; P
2
= 4 N
Lay g = 10 m/s
2
.
Cau 81: Chon phat bieu ung
Mot quyen sach ang nam yen tren mat ban, ta co the noi:
A. Quyen sach khong chu tac dung cua bat k lc nao.
B. Quyen sach chu tac dung cua cac lc can bang nhau.
C. Quyen sach chu tac dung cua cac lc can bang nhau va van toc au cua quyen
sach bang khong.
D. Ca A, B, C eu khong ung.
Theo nh luat II Niu-tn:
A. Lc tac dung vao vat t le thuan vi khoi lng cua vat va c tnh bi cong thc
a m F

= .
B. Lc tac dung vao vat t le thuan vi gia toc cua vat va c tnh bi cong thc
a m F

= .
C. Khoi lng cua vat t le thuan vi lc tac dung vao vat va c tnh bi cong thc m
=
F
a
.
D. Gia toc cua mot vat t le thuan vi lc tac dung vao vat va t le nghch vi khoi
lng cua vat va c tnh bi cong thc a
=
m
F
.
Mot vat co khoi lng m = 10 kg ang chuyen ong thang eu vi van toc v co o ln
v = 10 m/s th chu tac dung cua mot lc can F cung phng, ngc chieu vi v va co
o ln F = 10 N.
A. Vat dng lai ngay.
B. Sau 15 s ke t luc lc F tac dung vat ang chuyen ong theo chieu ngc lai.
C. Vat chuyen ong cham dan roi dng lai.
D. Vat chuyen ong thang eu vi van toc 10 m/s.
Mot vat co khoi lng 200 g trt xuong mot mat phang nghieng nhan vi gia toc 4
m/s
2
. o ln cua lc gay ra gia toc nay bang:
A. 0,8 N B. 8 N
C. 80 N D. 800 N
Lay g = 10 m/s
2
.
Mot vat ang chuyen ong di tac dung cua lc F
1
vi gia toc a
1
. Neu tang lc tac
dung thanh F
2
= 2F
1
th gia toc cua vat la a
2
bang:
= 30
0
m = 5 kg
Hnh 2.7

24
A. a
2
=
2
a
1
B. a
2
= a
1
C. a
2
= 2a
1
D. a
2
= 4a
1

Ngi ta truyen cho mot vat trang thai ngh mot lc F th sau 0,5 giay th vat nay tang
van toc len c 1 m/s. Neu gi nguyen hng cua lc ma tang gap oi o ln lc tac
dung vao vat th gia toc cua vat bang:
A. 1 m/s
2
B. 2 m/s
2

C. 4 m/s
2
D. Mot ket qua khac.
Mot vat co khoi lng m = 4 kg ang trang thai ngh c truyen mot hp lc F = 8 N.
Quang ng vat i c trong khoang thi gian 5 s bang:
A. 5 m B. 25 m
C. 30 m D. Mot ket qua khac.
Mot chiec xe la co khoi lng 50 tan chuyen ong nhanh dan eu tren oan ng
thang qua iem A vi van toc 10 m/s. Tai B cach A 75 m van toc xe la 20 m/s. Lc gay
ra chuyen ong cua xe la:
A.100 N B.1000 N
C.10
4
N D.10
5
N
Mot qua bong, khoi lng 400 g ang nam yen tren mat at. Mot cau thu a bong vi
mot lc 200 N. Thi gian chan tac dung vao bong la 0,01 s. Qua bong bay i vi toc o:
A. 0,5 m/s B. 5 m/s
C. 50 m/s D. Mot gia tr khac.
1
> m
2
cung trt khong van toc au, khong ma sat t nh mot
mat phang nghieng. Goi t
1
, t
2
,v
1
, v
2
lan lt la thi gian vat m
1
va m
2
trt tren mat
phang nghieng ,van toc cua chung chan mat phang nghieng va F
1
, F
2
la o ln cua
hp lc tac dung gay ra chuyen ong cua m
1
, m
2
.
A. v
1
> v
2
B. t
1
< t
2

C. F
1
> F
2
Tai cung mot a iem, hai vat co khoi lng m
1
< m
2
, trong lc tac dung len hai vat lan
lt la P
1
, P
2
luon thoa ieu kien:
A. P
1
> P
2
B. P
1
= P
2

C.
2
1
2
1
m
m
P
P
< D.
2
1
2
1
m
m
P
P
=
Mot o to co khoi lng 2,5 tan bat au chuyen ong tren ng nam ngang vi mot lc
keo la 25 000 N. Sau 5 giay van toc cua xe la 10 m/s, g = 10 m/s
2
. o ln cua lc can
cua mat ng tac dung len xe la:
A. 5 000 N B. 10 000 N
C. 20 000 N D. 30 000 N

25
1
> m
2
bat au chuyen ong di tac dung cua hai lc cung
phng, cung chieu va cung o ln F
1
= F
2
= F. Quang ng s
1
, s
2
ma hai vat i c
trong cung mot khoang thi gian la se thoa:
A.
1
2
2
1
m
m
s
s
= B.
2
1
2
1
m
m
s
s
=
C.
1
2
2
1
m
m
s
s
> D.
1
2
2
1
m
m
s
s
<
1
= m
2
= m bat au chuyen ong di tac dung cua hai lc cung
phng, cung chieu va cung o ln F
1
> F
2
. Quang ng s
1
, s
2
ma hai vat i c
trong cung mot khoang thi gian la se thoa:
A.
1
2
2
1
F
F
s
s
= B.
2
1
2
1
F
F
s
s
=
C.
1
2
2
1
F
F
s
s
> D.
1
2
2
1
F
F
s
s
<
Mot vat co khoi lng m = 2 kg c truyen mot lc F khong oi th sau 2 giay th vat
nay tang van toc t 2,5 m/s len 7,5 m/s. o ln cua lc F bang:
A. 5 N B. 10 N
C. 15 N D. Mot gia tr khac.
Mot vat co khoi lng 10 kg, ang chuyen ong vi van toc 3 m/s th chu tac dung cua
lc F cung phng, chieu chuyen ong. Khi o vat chuyen ong nhanh dan eu va sau
khi c them 32 m th co van toc 5 m/s. Lc tac dung vao vat co o ln bang:
A. 0,25 N B. 2,5 N
Mot xe tai ch hang co tong khoi lng xe va hang la 4 tan, khi hanh vi gia toc 0,3
m/s
2
. Khi khong ch hang xe tai khi hanh vi gia toc 0,6 m/s
2
. Biet rang hp lc tac
dung vao o to trong hai trng hp eu bang nhau. Khoi lng cua xe luc khong ch
hang la:
A. 1 tan B. 1,5 tan
C. 2 tan D. 2,5 tan
Mot xe tai khong ch hang ang chay tren ng. Neu ngi lai xe ham phanh th xe
trt mot oan ng 12 m th dng lai. Neu xe ch hang co khoi lng hang bang hai
lan khoi lng cua xe th oan ng trt bang:
A. 6 m B. 12 m
C. 24 m D. 36 m
Cho lc ham khong thay oi.
Cau 99: Chon cau ung
Khi mot con bo keo cay, lc tac dung vao con bo lam no chuyen ong ve pha trc la:
A. lc ma con bo tac dung vao chiec cay.
B. lc ma chiec cay tac dung vao con bo.
C. lc ma con bo tac dung vao mat at.
D. lc ma mat at tac dung vao con bo.
Mot kien hang co trong lng 2 000 N at tren mat at. Lc ma mat at tac dung len
kien hang co o ln:

26
A. Bang 2 000 N
B. Ln hn 2 000 N
C. Nho hn 2 000 N
D. Tuy thuoc vao dien tch be mat cua kien hang tiep xuc vi mat at.
Mot trai bong ban bay t xa ti ap vao tng va bat ngc tr lai:
A. Lc cua trai bong tac dung vao tng nho hn lc cua tng tac dung vao trai bong.
B. Lc cua trai bong tac dung vao tng bang lc cua tng tac dung vao trai bong.
C. Lc cua trai bong tac dung vao tng ln hn lc cua tng tac dung vao trai bong.
D. Khong u c s e ket luan.
Mot vat khoi lng m
1
= 2 kg ang chuyen ong ve pha trc vi van toc v
01
= 2 m/s va
cham vi vat m
2
khoi lng m
2
= 1 kg ang ng yen. Ngay sau va cham vat th nhat b
bat ngc lai vi van toc 0,5 m/s. Vat th hai chuyen ong vi van toc v
2
co o ln
bang:
A. 3 m/s B. 5 m/s
C. 2,5 m/s D. Mot gia tr khac.
Khi khoi lng cua hai vat tang len gap oi va khoang cach gia chung giam i mot na
th lc hap dan gia chung co o ln:
A. Tang gap bon lan.
B. Giam i mot na.
C. Tang gap 16 lan.
D. Gi nguyen nh cu.
Mot qua cau co khoi lng m. e trong lng cua qua cau bang
4
1
trong lng cua no
tren mat at th phai a no len o cao h bang:
A. 1 600 km B. 3 200 km
C. 6 400 km D. Mot gia tr khac.
Lay ban knh Trai at R = 6400 km.
Hai qua cau moi qua co khoi lng 200 kg, ban knh 5 m at cach nhau 100 m. Lc hap
dan gia chung ln nhat bang:
A. 2,668.10
-6
N B. 2,668.10
-7
N
C. 2,668.10
-8
N D. 2,668.10
-9
N
Hai vat co khoi lng bang nhau at cach nhau 10 cm th lc hut gia chung la
1,0672.10
-7
N. Tnh khoi lng cua moi vat la:
A. 2 kg B. 4 kg
C. 8 kg D. 16 kg
Mot qua cau tren mat at co trong lng 400 N. Khi chuyen no ti mot iem cach tam
Trai at 4R (R la ban knh Trai at) th no co trong lng bang:
A. 2,5 N B. 25 N
C. 250 N D. Mot ket qua khac.
Gia toc t do tren be mat Mat Trang la g
0

va ban knh Mat Trang la 1740 km. o
cao h = 3480 km so vi be mat Mat Trang th gia toc ri t do bang:

27
A.
9
1
g
0
B.
3
1
g
0
C. 3g
0
D. 9g
0
Mot phi thuyen i xuong be mat mat trang vi van toc eu la 10 m/s. o cao 120 m
mot vat t phi thuyen c tha xuong. Biet g
mat trang
= 1,6 m/s
2
. Van toc cua vat khi cham
be mat mat trang la:
A. 202 m/s B. 22 m/s
C. 19,6 m/s D. 16,8 m/s
Ban chat cua lc an hoi la:
A. Trong lc. B. Lc ien t.
C. Lc quan tnh. D. Lc ma sat.
Mot lo xo co chieu dai t nhien l
0
= 25 cm, co o cng 40 N/m. au tren cua lo xo gi
co nh. Tac dung vao au di lo xo mot lc nen 1N theo phng cua truc lo xo. Khi
o chieu dai cua lo xo bang:
A. 27,5 cm B. 22,5 cm
C. 30 cm D. Mot gia tr khac.
Mot lo xo co o cng k = 400 N/m e no dan ra c 10 cm th phai treo vao no mot vat
co trong lng bang:
A. 40 N B. 400 N
Mot lo xo co chieu dai t nhien bang 30 cm. Lo xo c gi co nh tai mot au, con
au kia treo mot vat co trong lng 10 N. Khi ay lo xo dai 35 cm. Hoi o cng cua lo xo
bang bao nhieu?
A. 2 N/m B. 20 N/m
C. 200 N/m D. 2000 N/m
Mot lo xo co chieu dai t nhien bang 32 cm, khi b nen lo xo dai 30 cm va lc an hoi
cua no bang 4 N. Hoi khi b nen e lc an hoi cua lo xo bang 10 N th chieu dai cua no
bang:
A. 27 cm B. 37 cm
C. 47 cm D. Mot gia tr khac.
Mot lo xo co chieu dai t nhien la l
o
c treo thang ng. Treo vao au di cua lo xo
mot qua can khoi lng m = 200 g th chieu dai cua lo xo la 28 cm. Biet lo xo co o
cng k = 100 N/m. Cho g = 10 m/s
2
. Chieu dai l
o
bang:
A. 26 cm B. 28 cm
C. 30 cm D. 32 cm
Treo mot vat co trong lng P = 5 N vao mot lo xo, lo xo dan ra 2 cm. Treo mot vat
trong lng P vao lo xo, no dan ra 6 cm. Trong lng P bang:
A.
3
5
N B. 5 N
Lc ma sat trt:

28
A. Xuat hien mat tiep xuc cua vat ang trt tren mot be mat, co hng ngc vi
hng cua van toc.
B. Co o ln t le vi o ln cua ap lc (lc phap tuyen).
C. Cong thc: F
mst
=
t .
N
N = o ln cua ap lc
t
= he so ma sat trt = phu thuoc vao ban chat cua hai mat tiep xuc va c dung e
tnh lc ma sat trt.
Lc ma sat lan:
A. Xuat hien mat tiep xuc cua vat khi vat lan tren mot mat giup tang cng chuyen
ong lan.
B. Co hng cung vi hng cua van toc.
C. Co he so ma sat lan ln hn he so ma sat trt.
D. Cong thc: F
msl
=
l
.N
Trong o N = o ln cua ap lc;
l
= he so ma sat lan.
Lc ma sat ngh
A. Xuat hien mat tiep xuc cua vat e gi cho vat ng yen khi no b mot lc tac
dung song song vi mat tiep xuc.
B. Co hng ngc vi hng cua lc tac dung co o ln bang o ln cua lc tac
dung.
C. Co o ln cc ai nho hn o ln cua lc ma sat trt.
D. ong vai tro lc phat ong giup cac vat chuyen ong c.
Mot o to co khoi lng 5 tan ang chuyen ong tren ng nam ngang co he so ma sat
lan la
l
= 0,2. Lay g = 10 m/s
2
. o ln cua lc ma sat lan gia banh xe va mat ng
la:
A. 5 N B. 50 N
C. 500 N D. 5000 N
Thu mon bat dnh bong la nh:
A. Lc ma sat trt B. Lc ma sat ngh
C. Lc quan tnh D. Lc ma sat lan
Mot trai bi da vat luc au ng yen tren mat phang nam ngang, nham. Sau khi c
truyen mot van toc au, no chuyen ong cham dan v:
A. Lc ma sat B. Phan lc
C. Lc quan tnh D. Lc an hoi
Mot trai bong ban c truyen mot van toc au v
0
= 0,5 m/s. He so ma sat trt gia
qua bong va mat ban bang 0,01. Coi ban u dai. Quang ng qua bong lan tren ban
cho en khi dng lai la:
A. 0,5 m B. 2,5 m
C. 5 m D. 25 m
Khi giam lc phap tuyen ep gia hai be mat tiep xuc th he so ma sat gia hai be mat
o se:
A. Tang len B. Giam i
C. Khong oi D. Khong biet c.

29
Mot a quay eu quanh truc qua tam O vi van toc quay 240 vong/ phut. Van toc goc
cua a la:
A. 0,25 rad/s B. 4 rad/s
C. 8 rad/s D. Mot gia tr khac.
Mot a quay eu quanh truc qua tam O vi van toc quay 360 vong/ phut. Lay
2
= 10.
Gia toc cua mot iem tren a cach tam 10 cm bang:
A. 1,44 m/s
2
B. 14,4 m/s
2

C. 144 m/s
2
D. Mot gia tr khac.
Mot o to co khoi lng 1,5 tan chuyen ong eu qua mot oan
cau vt (coi la cung tron) vi toc o la 36 km/h nh hnh 2.9.
Biet ban knh cong cua oan cau vt la 50 m. Lay g = 10 m/s
2
.
Ap lc cua o to vao mat ng tai iem cao nhat bang:
A. 1 200 N B. 12 000 N
C. 1 800 N D. 18 000 N
Mot trai banh nhom X va mot trai banh sat Y cung khoi lng c nem theo phng
ngang vi cung mot van toc t mot toa nha cao tang (bo qua lc can khong kh). X
cham at:
A. Trc Y va co cung mot tam xa.
B. Cung luc vi Y va gan toa nha hn.
C. Cung luc vi Y va cung mot tam xa.
D. Cung luc vi Y va xa toa nha hn.
cung mot o cao, khi nem mot vien a A theo phng ngang cung van toc au v
0
vi
nem vien a B theo phng thang ng hng xuong th vien nao cham at trc:
A. Vien A. B. vien B.
C. Hai vien ri cung luc. D. khong xac nh c.
Mot vat c nem ngang o cao 80 m, ngay luc cham at van toc cua no la 50 m/s.
Van toc ban au la:
A. 10 m/s B. 20 m/s
C. 30 m/s D. 40 m/s
Mot vat co khoi lng 1,5 kg moc vao lc ke treo trong buong thang may. Thang may i
len va c ham vi gia toc 0,6 m/s
2
. Lay g = 10 m/s
2
. So ch cua lc ke la:
A. 5,1 N B. 14,1 N
C. 15.9 N D. Mot gia tr khac
Mot qua cau nho buoc vao au day treo vao tran mot chiec xe. Ngi trong xe thay:
trang thai can bang, day treo nghieng so vi phng thang
ng nh hnh 2.10. Xe ang:
A. Chuyen ong nhanh dan eu.
B. Chuyen ong cham dan eu.
C. Chuyen ong eu.
D. Khong chuyen ong.
N
P
Hnh 2.9
v

Hnh 2.10

30
Mot vat co khoi lng 60 kg at tren san buong thang may. Cho thang may chuyen
ong xuong nhanh dan eu vi gia toc 0,2 m/s
2
. Ap lc cua vat len san bang:
A. 0 N B. 588 N
C. 600 N D. 612 N
Mot si day co the treo mot vat ng yen co khoi lng toi a la 50 kg ma khong b t.
Dung si day nay e keo mot vat khac co khoi lng 45 kg len cao theo phng thang
ng. Gia toc ln nhat ma vat co the co e day khong b t la:
A. 1,1 m/s
2
B. 11,1 m/s
2

C. 21,1 m/s
2
D. Mot gia tr khac.
Mot o to co khoi lng 1,2 tan bat au chuyen ong tren ng nam ngang vi mot lc
keo F
k
. Sau 5 giay van toc cua xe la 7,5 m/s Biet lc ma sat cua xe vi mat ng co o
ln bang 0,25F
k
. Lay g = 10 m/s
2
. o ln cua lc ma sat cua mat ng tac dung len xe
la:
A. 2,4 N B. 2400 N
C. 24000 N D. 72000 N

31
HNG DAN GIAI VA AP AN CHNG I

Cau 1: ap an: A Cau 2: ap an: B
Cau 3: ap an: D Cau 4: ap an: C
Cau 5: ap an: D Cau 6: ap an: A
Cau 7:
Tra li
A. Khi vat chuyen ong tron khoang cach t no en vat moc luon luon co gia tr khong
oi.
B. Khi mot vat chuyen ong tnh tien th tat ca cac iem tren vat vach qu ao giong
het nhau nhng khong nhat thiet phai la qu ao thang.
C. Mat Tri moc ang ong, lan ang Tay v Trai at quay quanh truc Bac Nam
t Tay sang ong.
D. Khi mot vat chuyen ong tron th tat ca cac iem tren vat eu vach nen qu ao
tron.
ap an: D
Cau 8:
ap an: B
Cau 9:
ap an: B
Cau 10:
Hng dan tra li
1 l; 2 h; 3 k; 4 j; 5 i; 6 e; 7 b; 8 c; 9 m
10 a; 11 d; 12 f; 13 g
Cau 11:
ap an: D
Cau 12:
ap an: B
Cau 13:
Hng dan giai
o di cua vat la:
x = x
2
x
1
= 4 7 = - 3 m
Quang ng vat i c trong khoang thi gian o la:
s = |x | = 3 m
Va vat ang chuyen ong theo chieu am qu ao.
ap an: B
Cau 14:
Tom tat
v
1
= 40 km/h ; v
2
= v
1
+ 10 km/h = 50 km/h; t
1
t
2
= 30 phut =
2
1
h; s = ?
Hng dan giai
Thi gian d tnh i quang ng AB la:
t
1
=
1
v
s
=
40
s

Thi gian oto thc s i quang ng o la:
t
2
=
2
v
s
=
50
s

Theo e :

32
t
1
t
2
=
40
s
-
50
s
=
200
s
=
2
1

Quang ng AB la:
s =
2
200
= 100 km
ap an: B
Cau 15:
ap an: C
Cau 16:
ap an: B
Cau 17:
Tom tt
s = 12,1 km = 12 100 m; t = 0,5 h = 1 800 s; v = ?
Hng dan giai
v = 7
800 1
12100
t
s
= m/s
ap an: B
Cau 18:
Tom tat
s
1
=
2
s
; v
1
= 20 km/h; s
2
=
2
s
; v
2
= 30 km/h; v
TB
= ?
Hng dan giai
T hnh 1.2 ta co:
AC = AB + BC
t
AC
= t
AB
+ t
BC

Theo e bai ta co:
Van toc trung bnh tren oan ng AB:
v
AB
=
AB
t
AB
= 20 km/h t
AB
=
AB
20

Van toc trung bnh tren oan ng BC:
v
BC
=
BC
t
BC
= 30 km/h t
BC
=
BC
30

Van toc trung bnh cua oto tren toan bo quang ng AC la :
v
TB
= =
AC
t
AC
=
BC BC
t t
BC AB
+
+
=
+
+
AB BC
AB BC
20 30

ma AB = BC, nen:
v
TB
=
+
+
AB AB
AB AB
20 30
=
+
+
1 1
1 1
20 30
= 24 km/h
ap an: A
Cau 19:
ap an: C
Cau 20:
B C A
30 km/h, t
BC
20 km/h, t
AB
Hnh 1.2

33
ap an: B
Cau 21:
Tom tat
v
A
= 20 m/s; a = 2 m/s
2
; s
AB
= 125 m; v
B
= ?
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:
v
B
= = + = + 125 . 2 . 2 20 as 2 v
2
AB
2
A
30 m/s
ap an: C
Cau 22:
Hng dan tra li
T phng trnh chuyen ong ta co: x
0
= 8 m; v
0
= 10 m/s; a = -2 m/s
2

v
0
.a

< 0 Ban au chat iem chuyen ong cham dan eu, theo chieu dng va van
toc bang khong thi iem thoa:
v = v
0
+ at = 0 t = s 5
2
10
a
v
0
=
=
Sau o vat se chuyen ong theo chieu cua gia toc a vi van toc tang dan
Chuyen ong nhanh dan eu theo chieu am qu ao.
ap an: D
Cau 23:
ap an: D
Cau 24:
ap an: D
Cau 25:
Tra li
Gia toc cua chuyen ong thang nhanh eu neu chon chieu dng la chieu chuyen ong
th co ac iem:
La ai lng vec t a
cung phng chieu vi vec t van toc v
.
Co o ln a la mot hang so thoa a > 0.
ap an: B
Cau 26:
Tra li
Gia toc cua chuyen ong thang cham eu neu chon chieu dng la chieu chuyen ong th
co ac iem:
La ai lng vec t a
cung phng chieu, ngc vi vec t van toc v
.
Co o ln a la mot hang so thoa a < 0.
Gia toc la mot ai lng vec t a
co gia tr a cang am th van toc cua vat giam cang

nhanh.
Cau sai D
ap an: D
Cau 27:
Tom tat
v
o
= 21,6 km/h = 6 m/s; v = 50,4 km/h = 14 m/s; t = 5 s
a
TB
=?
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:
a
TB
=
t
v v
o
=
14 6
5
= 1,6 m/s
2
ap an: C

Cau 28:
Tom tat

34
v
o
= 54 km/h = 15 m/s; v
t
= 0; t = 10 s; v = ? t = 6 s
Hng dan giai
Ta co:
v
t
= v
o
+ at = 0
Gia toc cua o to la:
a = -
t
v
0
= -
15
10
= - 1,5 m/s
2

a
hng theo chieu am qu ao.

Van toc cua o to sau khi ham phanh c 6 s la:
v = v
o
+ at = 15 + (- 1,5) . 6 = 6 m/s
ap an: B
Cau 29:
Tom tat
v
o
= 21,6 km/h = 6 m/s; a = 0,5 m/s
2
; v = 43,5 km/h = 12 m/s; l = ?
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:
v
2
v
o
2
= 2al
Chieu dai doc:
l =
a 2
v v
2
o
2
=
5 , 0 . 2
6 12
2 2
= 108 m
ap an: C
Cau 30:
Tom tat
v = 10 2t (m/s); t
1
= 2 s; t
2
= 4 s; v
TB
=?
Hng dan giai
Van toc cua chat iem luc t = 2 s:
v
2
= 10 2 . 2 = 6 m/s
Van toc cua chat iem luc t = 4 s:
v
4
= 10 2 . 4 = 2 m/s
Van toc thay oi tuyen tnh theo thi gian nen van toc trung bnh cua chat iem trong
khoang thi gian t t
1
= 2 s en t = 4 s la:
v
TB
=
2
v v
4 2
+
=
2
2 6 +
= 4 m/s
ap an: D
Cau 31:
Hng dan giai
T phng trnh chuyen ong:
x = x
0
+ v
0
t +
2
at
2

Va phng trnh:
x = 3 - 4t + 2t
2
(m; s)
Ta suy ra:
x
0
= 3 m; v
0
= - 4 m/s; a = 4 m/s
2

Bieu thc van toc cua vat:
v = v
0
+ at = - 4 + 4t = 4(t 1)(m/s)
ap an: B
Cau 32:
Hng dan giai
T o th ta co:
v
o
= 2 m/s; v = 10 m/s; t = 5 s

35
a =
t
v v
0
= 1,6 m/s
2

Ap dung cong thc tnh van toc:
v = v
o
+ at
Vay cong thc tnh van toc ng vi o th o la:
v = 2 + 1,6t ( m/s)
Ap dung cong thc:
s = v
o
t +
2
at
2

Cong thc tnh quang ng chuyen ong trong thi gian t
s = 2t + 0,8t
2

Cau tra li sai D
ap an: D
Cau 33:
Tom tat
s
1
= 12 m; s
2
= 32 m; t
1
= t
2
= 2 s; a =?
Hng dan giai
Quang ng vat i trong hai khoang thi gian lien tiep la:
12 a 2 2 . v
2
at
t v s
01
2
1
1 01 1
= + + =
v
01
= 6 a (1)
32 a 2 2 . v
2
at
t v s
02
2
2
2 02 2
= + + =
v
02
+ a = 16 (2)
Mat khac:
1 01 1 02
at v v v + = = = 6 a + 2a = 6 + a (3)
The (3) vao (2) ta co phng trnh:
6 + 2a = 16 a = 5 m/s
2

ap an: C
Cau 34:
Tom tat
a = 2,5 m/s
2
; v
B
= 30 m/s; s = 100 m; v
A
= ?
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:
v
B
2
= v
A
2
+ 2as
v
A
= 100 . 5 , 2 . 2 30
2
= 20 m/s
ap an: B
Cau 35:
Tom tat
v
o
= 0; t
1
= 1 s; s
1
= l
1
= 3 m; t
2
= 2 s; l
2
= s
2
s
1
= ?
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:
s =
2
at
2

Quang ng vat i c trong giay th nhat:
l
1
= s
1
=
2
at
2
1
=
2
a

a = 2l
1
= 6 m/s
2
Quang ng vat i c trong hai giay au:

36
s
2
=
2
at
2
2
= 2a
Quang ng vat i c trong giay th hai:
l
2
=s
2
s
1
= 2a -
2
a
=
2
a 3
= 9 m
ap an: C
Cau 36:
Hng dan giai
Tnh chat chuyen ong cua thang may trong tng giai oan:
Giai oan au:
v
o1
= 0; v
1
= 3 m/s; t
1
= 1 s
Ap dung cong thc:
v
1
= v
o1
+ a
1
t
1
Gia toc cua thang may trong giai oan au la:
a
1
=
1
01 1
t
v v
= 3 m/s
2

chuyen ong thang nhanh dan eu vi a
1
= 3 m/s
2

Giai oan gia:
v
2
= v
02
= v
1
= 3 m/s; t
2
= 4 s
Gia toc cua thang may trong giai oan gia la:
a
2
=
1 2
02 2
t t
v v
= 0 m/s
2

chuyen ong thang eu vi a
2
= 0 m/s
2

Giai oan cuoi:
v
03
= v
2
= 3 m/s; v
3
= 0; t
3
= 5 s
Gia toc cua thang may trong giai oan cuoi la:
a
3
=
4 3
03 3
t t
v v
= - 3 m/s
2

chuyen ong thang cham dan eu vi a
3
= - 3 m/s
2

ap an: D
Cau 37:
ap an: C
Cau 38:
Tom tat
v
0
= 20 m/s; t
cham at
=?
Hng dan giai
Thi gian trai banh at c o cao cc ai:
v = v
0
+ gt t =
g
v v
0
=
10
20 0
= 2 s
Thi gian t luc nem en luc trai banh cham at:
t
cham at
= 2.t = 4 s
ap an: D
Cau 39:
Tom tat
v
0
= 0; h = 150 m; s
1
=
3
2
h = 100 m; a
1
= 0,5 m/s
2

s
2
=
3
1
s = 50 m; v
max
= ?; v
2
= 0
Hng dan giai

37
Theo e bai ta co: v
1
= v
02
= v
max

Ap dung cong thc:
v
1
2
v
0
2
= 2a
1
s
1

v
max
= v
1
= 100 . 5 , 0 . 2 s a 2
1 1
= = 10 m/s = 36 km/h
ap an: B
Cau 40:
ap an: C
Cau 41:
ap an: B
Cau 42:
Tom tat
h: t = 0,5 s; h: t = 1,5 s; h = ?h
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:
h =
2
gt
2
; h =
2
' gt
2

h
' h
=
2
2
t
' t
= 9 h = 9h
ap an: C
Cau 43:
Tom tat
h = 45 m; g = 10 m/s
2
; v
c
= ?
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:
v
c
2
= 2gh
Van toc vat luc cham at:
v
c
= 45 . 10 . 2 gh 2 = = 30 m/s
ap an: B
Cau 44:
Hng dan giai
Goi t = thi gian vat ri t o cao h xuong en at.
h = quang ng vien soi ri c trong thi gian (t 1) giay au tien.
Ta co:
h =
2
1
gt
2

h =
2
1
g(t 1)
2

Theo e bai:
h = h - h =
2
1
g[ t
2
(t 1)
2
] = 15 m
2t 1 = 3
Thi gian ri cua vat: t = 2 s
ap an: C
Cau 45:
Tom tat
h
1
h
2
; t
1
=
2
1
t
2
; ?
h
h
2
1
=
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:

38
h
1
=
2
1
gt
1
2
; h
2
=
2
1
gt
2
2

2
2
2
1
2
1
t
t
h
h
= =
4
1

ap an:C
Cau 46:
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:
v
c
2
= 2gh
v
1
2
= 2gh
1
; v
2
2
= 2gh
2

V h
1
= h
2
v
1
= v
2
.
ap an: C
Cau 47:
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:
h
1
=
2
1
gt
1
2
; h
2
=
2
1
gt
2
2

V h
1
= h
2

2
2
2
1
2
1
t
t
h
h
= = 1 t
1
=t
2
ap an: C

Cau 48: ap an: D Cau 49: ap an: C
Cau 50: ap an: C Cau 51: ap an: A
Cau 52:
ap an: B
Cau 53:
Tom tat
v
0
= 36 km/h = 10 m/s; v = 54 km/h = 15 m/s; s = 625 m ; a = ?
Hng dan giai
Ap dung cong thc:
v
2
v
0
2
= 2as
Gia toc cua xe la:
a =
s 2
v v
2
o
2
=
625 . 2
10 15
2 2
= 0,1 m/s
2

ap an: C

Cau 54:
Hng dan giai
Ta co:
x
2
= 4
2
sin
2
2t, y
2
= 4
2
cos
2
2t
x
2
+ y
2
= 4
2
qu ao tron co ban knh R = 4 ( m)
ap an: B
Cau 55:
Tra li
Ap dung cac cong thc cua chuyen ong tron eu sau:
v
1
= R
1
1
=
1
1
T
R 2
; v
2
= R
2
2
=
2
T
R 2
2

39
a
1
=
2
1 1
1
2
1
R
R
v
= ; a
2
=
2
2 2
2
2
2
R
R
v
=
1
1
T
2
= ;
2
2
T
2
=
V T
1
= T
2

1
=
2
Neu R
1
> R
2
th v
1
> v
2
; a
1
> a
2
va ngc lai.
Noi cach khac, neu so sanh gia hai chuyen ong tron co cung chu k th se co
cung co tan so goc.
Vay cau tra li sai la cau D.
ap an: D
Cau 56:
ap an: D
Cau 57:
Tom tat
OA = R; OB =
2
R

A
= ?
B
; v
A
= ? v
B
=?
Hng dan giai
Khi a quay het mot vong quanh truc cua no th moi iem tren a cung quay het mot
vong. V vay:
A
=
B
=
Mat khac:
v
A
= R
A
A
= R
A

v
B
= R
B
B
= R
B

2
R
R
v
v
B
A
B
A
= =
ap an: C
Cau 58:
Tra li
Trong chuyen ong tron eu, gia toc cua chat iem la gia toc hng tam, no vuong
goc vi vec t van toc dai va hng vao tam cua vong tron.
ap an: B
Cau 59:
Tom tat
N = 360 vong; t = 30 s; R = 0,4 m; v = ?
Hng dan giai
f =
30
180
t
N
= = 6 Hz
= 2f = 2 . 6 = 12 rad/s
v = R. = 0,4 . 12 = 4,8 m/s
ap an: C
Cau 60:
Tom tat
v = 54 km/h = 15 m/s; R = 15 m; a = ?
Hng dan giai
Gia toc hng tam:
a
ht
=
R
v
2
=
15
15
2
= 15 m/s
2

ap an: B
Cau 61:
Tom tat

40
v
A
= 30 km/h; v
B
= 40 km/h;
B A
v v

: V
AB
= ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co:
AB B A
V v v

+ =

B A AB
v v V

=
V
B A
v v

:
V
AB
= v
A
v
B
= 10 km/h

ap an: A
Cau 62:
ap an: D
Cau 63:
Tom tat
v
H
= 18 km/h; v
B
= 10 km/h;
A
v
B
v
; v
B-H
= ?
Hng dan giai
Chon chieu dng la chieu chuyen ong cua Bao. Ta co:
B
v
=
BH
V
+
H
v

BH
V
=
B
v
-
H
v

V:
H
v
B
v
nen: V
BH
= v
B
+ v
H
= 30 km/h
ap an: D
Cau 64:
Tom tat
v
1,3
= 4 m/s; v
2,3
= 3 m/s; v
1,2
= ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co:
3 , 2 2 , 1 3 , 1
v v v + =
T hnh 1.6 ta co:
v
1,3

2
= v
1,2
2
- v
2,3
2

Vn tc ca xe oi vi thuyn la:
v
1,2
= 10 6 8 v v
2 2 2
3 , 2
2
3 , 1
= + = + m/s
ap an: B
Cau 65:
Tom tat
t
1
= 2 h ; t
2
= 3 h ; v = 5 km/h ; v = ?
Hng dan giai
Goi v la van toc cua cano so vi dong nc, v la van toc cua dong nc so vi b song.
Khi i xuoi dong nc t A en B, ta co:
AB = (v + v)t
1
= 2.(v + v) (1)
Khi i ngc dong nc t B en A, ta co:
AB = (v - v)t
2
= 3.(v - v) (2)
T (1) va (2) 2.(v + v) = 3.(v - v)
Van toc cua cano so vi dong nc la:
v = 5v = 5 . 5 = 25 km/h
ap an: D

HNG DAN GIAI VA AP AN CHNG II

Hnh 1.6
v
1,3
v
2,3
v
1,2

41
Cau 66:
Hng dan giai
V chat iem nam can bang di tac dung cua ba lc thanh phan F
1
= 12 N; F
2
= 16 N
va F
3
= 18 N. Vay hp lc cua hai trong ba lc o se trc oi vi lc con lai. Neu bo i
mot lc th hp lc cua hai lc con lai co o ln bang o ln cua lc bo i. Vay hp lc
cua hai lc F
1
va F
3
co o ln bang F
2
= 16 N.
ap an: C
Cau 67:
Hng dan giai
Trai at tac dung vao qua cau trong lc P
co o ln:
P = mg = 0,1 . 10 = 1 N
Si day tac dung lc cang day T
trc oi vi P
va co o ln:
T = P = mg = 1 N
ap an: A
Cau 68:
Bai 1: Hng dan giai
F
1
= m
1
a
1
; F
2
= m
2
a
2

Ma:
1
F
=
2
F
va m
1
> m
2
a
1
< a
2
ap an: B
Cau 69:
Hng dan giai
Hp lc luon thoa:
2 1 2 1
F F F F F +
N 350 F N 50
Do o F

= 40 N hoac F = 400 N hoac F = 500 N khong the la hp lc cua hai lc tren.
Vay F = 250 N.
ap an: B
Cau 70:
Hng dan giai
Hp lc luon thoa:
2 1 2 1
F F F F F +
N 28 F N 4
Do o F

= 3 N hoac F = 30 N hoac F = 40 N khong the la hp lc cua hai lc tren. Vay
F = 20 N.
Mat khac: 12
2
+ 16
2
= 20
2

1 2
F F va goc hp bi hai lc o la 90
0
ap an: B
Cau 71: Hng dan giai
V chat iem nam can bang di tac dung cua ba lc thanh phan F
1
= 12 N; F
2
= 16 N
va F
3
= 18 N. Vay hp lc cua hai trong ba lc o se trc oi vi lc con lai. Ma ta co:
24
2
+ 32
2
= 40
2
F
1
2
+ F
2
2
= F
3
2
= F
12
2

1 2
F F Goc gia hai lc

1 2
F , F bang 90
0
.
ap an: D
Cau 72:
Tra li
e hp lc cung co o ln bang 30 N th ba lc phai
tao thanh hnh thoi co goc gia chung la 60
0
nh
hnh 2.2. V

vay goc gia hai lc ong qui phai
bang 120
0
.

ap an: B
30 N
30 N
30 N
Hnh 2.2

42
Cau 73: Hng dan giai
Ta co: 10 N F
12
30 N A, D sai.
Gia s

hl 1
F F , t hnh 2.3a ta co:
sin = =
1
2
F 1
F 2
= 30
0
Thoa.
Gia s

hl 2
F F , t hnh 2.3 b ta co:
sin = =
2
1
F
2
F
Khong thoa.

ap an: B
Cau 74:
Hng dan giai
T hnh
2.4a ta co: AOF la tam giac can co hai goc
ay bang 45
0
AOF vuong can. Do o:
F
1
= F
2
=
0
F
2cos45
= 25 2 N

ap an: C
Cau 75:
Hng dan giai
Hp lc cua ba lc o nh tren hnh 2.5a. Tong hp lc cua cac lc tren la:
3 2 1
N N N N

+ + =
Trc tien ta tong hp hai lc N
1
va N
2
trc:
V N
1
hp vi N
2
mot goc vuong nen tong hp lc cua hai
lc nay la:
N
12
2
= N
1
2
+ N
2
2

= + =
2 2
12
N (10 3) 10 20 N
Goc gia N
12
va N
1
la:
= = =
1
12
N 10 3 3
cos
N 20 2

o
30 =
Suy ra N
12
nam tren ng thang ng va hp vi N
3
mot
goc 180
o
.
Do o + = = =

12 3 12 3
N N N N 20 12 8 N
ap an: C
Cau 76:
Hng dan giai
Hnh 2.5a
2
N

1
N

3
N

12
N

F
2

F
1

F
12
Hnh 2.6
F
3

F
hl
F
1
F
2

F
1
F
2
F
hl
Hnh Hnh 2.3b
Hnh 2.4a
O
A
B
F
1
F

F
2
45
0
45
0

43
Goi ba lc o lan lt la 1 F , 2 F ,
3
F
tong hp lc cua chung la:

F = 1 F + 2 F +
3
F

au tien ta tong hp hai lc 1 F va 2 F , ta co:
12
F
= 1 F + 2 F
De dang chng minh F
12
= F
1
= F
2
, va
12
F
hp vi 1 F mot goc 60
o
hay
12
F
cung phng
vi
3
F
.
Ta lai co:
F
3
= F
1
F
3
= F
12

Hai vec t
3
F
va
12
F
cung o ln cung phng nhng ngc chieu nen tong hp lc cua

chung bang khong.
Vay:
F = 1 F + 2 F +
3
F
= 0
ap an: A
Cau 77:
ap an: D
Cau 78:
Tra li
Neu khong chu tac dung cua lc nao hoac neu chu tac dung cua cac lc can bang, mot
vat ang ng yen se tiep tuc ng yen, mot vat ang chuyen ong se tiep tuc chuyen
ong thang eu.
Quan tnh la tnh chat cua moi vat co xu hng bao toan van toc ca ve hng lan o
ln.
ap an: C
Cau 79:
ap an: A
Cau 80:
Tom tat
m = 800 g; = 30
0
; P
//
= P
2
=?; P
= P
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
Trong lc P tac dung len vat luon thang ng
hng xuong va co o ln:
P = mg = 0,8 .10 = 8 N
Hai thanh phan P
1
va P
2
c phan tch nh
hnh 2.7a. Ta co:
P
1
=Psin = 8 .sin 30
0
= 4 N
P
2
= Pcos = 8 .cos 30
0
= 4 3 N

ap an: C
Cau 81:
V quyen sach co khoi lng nen no se chu tac dung cua trong lc P = mg va no se tac
dung mot ap lc Q len mat ban. Theo nh luat III cua Niu-tn, mat ban se tac dung len
quyen sach mot phan lc N. Ma quyen sach lai nam yen tren mat ban chng to trong
lc P va phan lc N la hai lc can bang va van toc au cua quyen sach bang khong.
Phat bieu ung C
ap an: C
Cau 82:
= 30
0
m = 5 kg
Hnh 2.7a
P
P
1
P
2

44
Tra li
Gia toc cua mot vat t le thuan vi lc tac dung vao vat va t le nghch vi khoi lng
cua vat va c tnh bi cong thc:
a
=
m
F
hay a m F

=
ap an: D
Cau 83:
Tom tat
m = 10 kg; v = 10 m/s; F = 10 N
t = 15 s: vat chuyen ong nh the nao?
Hng dan giai
Gia toc cua vat:
a =
10
10
m
F
= = - 1 m/s
2

Thi gian e vat co van toc v = 0:
v = v
0
+ at = 0
t = -
1
10
a
v
0
= = 10 s
Vay sau thi gian t = 10 s, vat co van toc bang khong di tac dung cua lc F,
vat chuyen ong theo chieu ngc lai vi chieu chuyen ong ban au.
ap an: B
Cau 84:
Tom tat
M = 200 g = 0,2 kg; a = 4 m/s
2
; F = ?
Hng dan giai
Theo nh luat II cua Niu-tn:
F = ma = 0,2 . 4 = 0,8 N
ap an: A
Cau 85:
Hng dan giai
Ta co:
F
1
= ma
1
; F
2
= ma
2
= 2F
1
2
a
a
F
F
1
2
1
2
= = a
2
= 2a
1

ap an: C
Cau 86:
Tom tat
F =: v
0
= 0; t = 0,5 s; v = 1 m/s
F = 2 F: a
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
Khi tac dung vao vat mot lc F
1
th ta co phng trnh sau:
F
1
= ma
1
(1)
Vi:
a
1
=
1
1
v
t
= 2 m/s
2
Khi tac dung vao vat mot lc F
2
th ta co phng trnh sau:

45
F
2
= ma
2
(2)
Lay (1) chia cho (2) ve theo ve ta co:
= =
1 1 1
2 2 2
F ma a F
F ma 2F a

a
2
= 2a
1
= 4 m/s
2
ap an: C
Cau 87:
Tom tat
m = 4 kg; F = 8 N; t = 5 s; s = ?
Hng dan giai
Khi tac dung vao vat mot lc F th ta co phng trnh sau:
F = ma a =
4
8
m
F
= = 2 m/s
2

Quang ng vat i c trong khoang thi gian 5 s bang:
s = v
0
t +
2
at
2
=
2
at
2
=
2
5 . 2
2
= 25 m
ap an: B
Cau 88:
Tom tat
m = 50 tan = 50 000 kg; v
A
= 10 m/s; AB = 75 m; v
B
= 20 m/s; F = ?
Hng dan giai
Gia toc cua vat khi truyen lc F la:
a =
75 . 2
10 20
s 2
v v
2 2 2
A
2
B

=
= 2 m/s
2
F = ma = 50 000 . 2 = 100 000 N = 10
5
N
ap an: D
Cau 89:
Tom tat
m = 400 g = 0,4 kg; F = 200 N; t = 0,01 s; v = ?
Hng dan giai
Theo nh luat II cua Niu-tn:
F = ma a =
F
m
= 500 m/s
2

Toc o cua qua bong la:
v = at = 500 . 0,01 = 5 m/s
ap an: B
Cau 90:
Hng dan giai
Cac lc tac dung vao vat gom:

46
Trong lc P = mg; luon thang ng hng xuong; Phan lc
N hng len va luon vuong goc vi mat phang nghieng
Hp lc F gay ra chuyen ong cua moi vat c tnh bi
cong thc:
F = +

P N= m
a
Cac lc tac dung vao vat c minh hoa nh hnh 2.8. Chieu cac
lc tren len truc toa o Ox ta co:
Psin = ma a = gsin
gia toc a khong phu thuoc vao khoi lng cua cac vat
a
1
= a
2
= a = gsin
F
1
= m
1
a > F
2
= m
2
a
Mat khac:
v
1
2
= 2as
1
; v
2

2
= 2as
2

Vi s
1
= s
2
= chieu dai cua mat phang nghieng v
1
= v
2
.
Ma:
v
1
= at
1
; v
2
= at
2
t
1
= t
2
ap an: C
Cau 91:
Hng dan giai
Ta biet:
P
1
= m
1
g; P
2
= m
2
g
Trong o g = gia toc trong trng; mot v tr xac nh g = hang so. V vay:
m
1
< m
2
P
1
< P
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
m
m
g m
g m
P
P
= =
ap an: D
Cau 92:
Tom tat
m = 2,5 tan = 2 500 kg; F = 25 000 N
t = 5 s: v = 10 m/s; g = 10 m/s
2
; F
C
= ?
Hng dan giai
Cac lc tac dung vao xe:
a m F F P N
k C

= + + + (1)
Chon chieu dng la chieu chuyen ong chieu (1) len truc toa o ta co:
-F
C
+ F
k
= ma
F
C
= F
k
ma (2)
Gia toc ma xe thu c khi chuyen ong:
2
5
0 15
t
v v
a
o t
=
= m/s
2
o ln cua lc can cua mat ng tac dung len xe:
F
C
= 25 000 2500 . 2 = 20 000 N
ap an: C
Cau 93:
Hng dan giai
Ta co: F
1
= F
2
= F
2
t
m
F
2
t a
s
2
1
2
1
1
= = (1) ;
2
t
m
F
2
t a
s
2
2
2
2
2
= = (2)
Lay (1) chia (2) ta co:
O
N

x
y
Hnh 2.8

47
1
2
2
1
m
m
s
s
=
quang ng vat i c se t le nghch vi cac khoi lng cua no neu lc tac dung
vao chung nh nhau.
ap an: A
Cau 94:
Hng dan giai
Ta co: m
1
= m
2
= m
2
t
m
F
2
t a
s
2 1
2
1
1
= = (1) ;
2
t
m
F
2
t a
s
2 2
2
2
2
= = (2)
Lay (1) chia (2) ta co:
2
1
2
1
F
F
s
s
=
quang ng vat i c se t le thuan vi cac lc tac dung vao chung neu khoi lng
cua chung nh nhau.
ap an: B
Cau 95:
Tom tat
m = 2 kg; t = 2 s; v
1
= 2,5 m/s; v
2
= 7,5 m/s; F = ?
Hng dan giai
Gia toc cua vat khi truyen lc F la:
a
1
=
2
5 , 2 5 , 7
t
v
=
= 2,5 m/s
2
F = ma = 2 . 2,5 = 5 N
ap an: A
Cau 96:
Tom tat
m = 10 kg; v
0
= 3 m/s; s = 50 m; v
1
= 5 m/s; F = ?
Hng dan giai
Gia toc cua vat khi chu tac dung cua lc F
1
:
25 , 0
32 . 2
3 5
s 2
v v
a
2 2 2
0
2
1
=
= m/s
2
Theo nh luat II Niu tn lc tac dung len vat:
F = ma = 10 . 0,25 = 2,5 N
ap an: B
Cau 97:
Tom tat
m = m
1
+ m
2
= 4 tan = 4 000 kg; a = 0,3 m/s
2
; a
1
= 0,6 m/s
2
; F
T
= F
S
; m
1
= ?
Hng dan giai
Lc tac dung len o to khi cha ch hang:
F
1
= m
1
a
1

Lc tac dung len o to khi co ch hang hoa:

48
F = ma
V o to khi ong bang hai lc nh nhau nen:
F
1
= F m
1
a
1
= ma
Vay khoi lng cua xe luc khong ch hang:
m
1
=
1
a
ma
= kg 2000
6 , 0
3 , 0 . 4000
= = 2 tan
ap an: C
Cau 98:
Hng dan giai
Khi xe khong ch hang:
v
2
v
0
2
= 2as
Trong o: v = 0
s = -
a 2
v
2
0

F = ma s = -
F 2
mv
2
0
(1)
Khi xe ch hang: m = 3 m, tng t:
v
2
v
0
2
= 2as s = -
' a 2
v
2
0

F = ma s = -
F 2
v ' m
2
0
(2)
Lay (2) chia cho (1) ve vi ve:
3
m
' m
s
' s
= = s = 3s = 3.12 = 36 m
ap an: D
Cau 99:
ap an: D
Cau 100:
ap an: A
Cau 101:
ap an: B
Cau 102:
Tom tat
m
1
= 2 kg; m
2
= 1 kg; v
01
= 2 m/s; v
1
= - 0,5 m/s; v
02
= 0; v
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
Chon chieu dng la chieu chuyen ong cua vat m
1
trc va cham. Theo nh luat III
Niu-tn:
F
1
= - F
2
(1)
F
1
= m
1
a
1
= m
1
t
v v
01 1

(2)
F
2
= m
2
a
2
= m
2
.

t
v
m
t
v v
2
2
02 2
=
(3)
Vi t = thi gian va cham.
T (1), (2), (3) suy ra:
m
1
.(v
01
v
1
) = m
2
v
2

v
2
=
2
1
m
m
.(v
01
v
1
) = )] 5 , 0 ( 2 [
1
2
= 5 m/s
ap an: B

49
Cau 103:
Tra li
Lc hap dan c tnh theo cong thc:
F
hd1
= G
2
2 1
r
m m

Khi tang gap oi khoi lng va giam khoang cach cua vat i mot na th:
F
hd2
= G
2
2 1
)
2
r
(
m 2 . m 2
= 16F
hd1
Vay khi khoi lng cua hai vat va khoang cach gia chung eu tang len gap oi th lc
hap dan gia chung co o ln tang len gap 16 lan.
ap an: C
Cau 104:
Tom tat
R = 6400 km; P
h
=
2
P
; h = ?
Hng dan giai
Trong lng cua qua cau tren mat at:
P = mg
Trong lng cua qua cau o cao h:
P
h
= mg
h
Trong o:
g =
2
R
GM
; g
h
=
( )
2
h R
GM
+

Theo e:
P
h
=
2
P

2
h h
h R
R
g
g
P
P
|
.
|
\
|
+
= = =
4
1

h = R = 6400 km
ap an: C
Cau 105:
Tom tat
m = 200 kg; r = 5 m; d = 100 m; F
hd max
= ?
Hng dan giai
Lc hap dan t le nghch vi bnh phng khoang cach.
Do o e lc hap dan gia chung la cc ai th chung phai tiep xuc vi nhau:
N 10 . 668 , 2
) 2 . 5 (
200 . 200
10 . 67 , 6
) r 2 (
m m
G F
8
2
11
2
2 1
max hd

= = =
ap an: C
Cau 106:
Tom tat
r = 10 cm; F = 1,0672.10
-7
N; m
1
= m
2
= m = ?
Hng dan giai
Hai vat co khoi lng bang nhau:
G
r . F
m
r
m
G
r
m m
G F
2
2
2
2
2
2 1
hd
= = =
kg 4
10 . 67 , 6
1 , 0 . 10 . 0672 , 1
G
r . F
m
11
2 7 2
= = =

50
ap an: B
Cau 107:
Tom tat
m = 50 kg; P = 400 N; R = 6 400 km; R = 4R; P = ?
Hng dan giai
Trong lng cua qua cau tren mat at:
P = mg
Trong lng cua qua cau v tr cach tam Trai at la R:
P = mg
Trong o:
g =
2
R
GM
; g =
2
' R
GM

Theo e:

2
' R
R
g
' g
P
' P
|
.
|
\
|
= = =
16
1

P = 25
16
400
16
P
= = N
ap an:B
Cau 108:
Tom tat
R
T
= 1740 km; h = 3480 km; g
h
= ? g
0
Hng dan giai
Gia toc ri t do tren be mat Mat Trang:
g
0
=
2
T
T
R
GM
(1)
Gia toc ri t do o cao h:
g
h
=
( )
2
T
T
h R
GM
+
(2)
Lay (1) chia cho (2) ta co:
( )
3
R
h R
g
g
2
T
2
T
h
0
=
+
= g
h
=
9
1
g
0
ap an: A
Cau 109:
Tom tat
v
0
= 10 m/s; h = 120 m; g
mat trang
= 1,6 m/s
2
; v = ?
Hng dan giai
Van toc(m/s) cua vat khi cham be mat mat trang la:
v
2
= v
0
2
+ 2g
mat trang
h
v = 22 120 . 6 , 1 . 2 10
2
= + m/s
ap an:B
Cau 110:
Tra li
Trong vat ran, cac nguyen t hay phan t cau tao nen vat ran ton tai lc lien ket. Lc
lien ket nay co ban chat la lc ien t va co tac dung gi cho cac nguyen t (hay phan
t) cach nhau mot khoang cach xac nh, lam cho vat ran co mot kch thc xac nh.
Khi mot ngoai lc tac dung vao vat ran, no lam vat ran co the dan ra(hay nen vao) goi
la bien dang, khi o lc lien ket nay se keo cac nguyen t tr ve v tr ban au chong
lai s bien dang Lc an hoi.

51
ap an:B
Cau 111:
Tom tat
l
0
= 25 cm; k = 40 N/m; F = 1 N; l = ?
Hng dan giai
Khi lo xo v tr can bang th P = F
h
:
l k F
h
= cm 5 , 2 m 025 , 0
40
1
k
F
l
h
= = = =
V lo xo b nen nen l < 0 l = - 2,5 cm. Trong o: l = l l
0

l = l
0
+ l = 25 2,5 = 22,5 cm
ap an: B

Cau 112:
Tom tat
k = 400 N/m; l = 10 cm; P = ?
Hng dan giai
h

40 1 , 0 . 400 l k mg P = = = = N
ap an: A
Cau 113:
Tom tat
l
0
= 30 cm; P = 10 N; l = 35 cm; k = ?
Hng dan giai
o bien dang cua lo xo luc vat v tr can bang:
l = l l
0
= 35 30 = 5 cm
h

l
P
k l k mg P
= = =
200
10 . 5
10
k
2
= =

N/m
ap an: C
Cau 114:
Tom tat
l
0
= 32 cm; F
h
= 4 N; l = 30 cm; F
h
= 10 N: l = ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co:
l k mg F
h
= = ; ' l k ' F
h
=
V lo xo b nen nen l < 0; l < 0. Trong o:
l = l
cb
l
0
= 30 32 = - 2 cm

l
' l
F
' F
h
h
=
= ' l
h
h
F
' F
.|l|= 5 cm
l = - 5 cm
l = l
0
+ l = 32 - 5 = 27 cm
ap an: A
Cau 115:
Tom tat

52
m = 200 g = 0,2 kg; l = 28 cm; k = 100 N/m; l
0
= ?
Hng dan giai
h
:
l k mg = m 02 , 0
100
10 . 2 , 0
k
mg
l = = =
V lo xo b dan ra nen chieu dai t nhien cua lo xo nho hn chieu dai luc treo vat do
o:
2 28 l l l
0
= = = 26 cm
ap an: A
Cau 116:
Tom tat
P = 5 N; l = 2 cm; l = 6 cm; P = ?
Hng dan giai
h

l k mg P = =
Tng t ta co:
P = mg = k.l
3
2
6
l
' l
P
' P
= =
=
P = 3P = 15 N
ap an: C
Cau 117:
ap an: D
Cau 118:
ap an: D
Cau 119:
ap an: C
Cau 120:
Tom tat
m = 5 tan = 5 000 kg;
l
= 0,2; g = 10 m/s
2
; F
ms
= ?
Hng dan giai
Chon chieu dng la chieu chuyen ong, ta co lc ma sat lan gia banh xe va mat
ng:
F
ms
=
l
mg = 0,2 . 5000 . 10 = 5000 N
ap an: D
Cau 121:
ap an: B
Cau 122:
ap an: A
Cau 123:
Tom tat
v
0
= 0,5 m/s; v = 0;
t
= 0,01; g = 10 m/s
2
; s = ?
Hng dan giai
Do lc ma sat qua bong se chuyen ong cham dan eu va dng lai. Do o:
F
ms
= ma =
t
P =
t
mg
a =
t
g
Mat khac:
v
2
v
o
2
= 2as
Vay quang ng qua bong chuyen ong c la:

53
s =
v
2
- v
0
2

t
. g
=
10 . 01 , 0
5 , 0 0
2
= 2,5 m
ap an: B
Cau 124:
Tra li
He so ma sat gia hai be mat phu thuoc vao ban chat cua hai be mat, khong phu thuoc
vao ap lc anh vao be mat. V vay, du tang hay lc phap tuyen ep gia hai be mat tiep
xuc th he so ma sat gia hai be mat o se khong thay oi.
ap an: B
Cau 125:
Tom tat
n = 240 (vong/phut) =
60
240
= 4 vong/giay; = ?
Hng dan giai
Van toc goc:
= = = 8 4 . 2 n 2 rad/s
ap an: C

Cau 126:
Tom tat
n = 360 (vong/phut) = =
60
360
6 vong/giay
R = 10 cm; a = ?
Hng dan giai
Van toc goc:
= = = 12 6 . 2 n 2 rad/s
Gia toc hng tam cua mot iem tren a cach tam 10 cm
a
ht
=
2 2
2
) 12 ( . 1 , 0 R
R
v
= = = 144 m/s
2

ap an: C
Cau 127:
Tom tat
m = 1,5 tan = 1 500 kg; v = 36 km/h = 10 m/s;
R = 50 m; g = 10 m/s
2
; N = ?
Hng dan giai
Cac lc tac dung vao o to v tr cao nhat:
ht
F P N

= +
Chon truc toa o hng thang ng xuong di.
Chieu he thc tren len truc toa o ta co:
-N + P =
r
mv
2

12000
50
10 . 1500
10 . 1500
r
mv
mg N
2 2
= = = N
ap an: B
Cau 128:
ap an: C
Cau 129:
ap an: B

54
Cau 130:
Tom tat
h = 80 m? v

= 50 m/s? v
o
= ?
Hng dan giai
Thi gian vat cham at:
t = s 4
10
80 . 2
g
h 2
= =
Ta co vat toc cua vat luc cham at:
v
c
2
= v
x
2
+ v
y
2

Trong o:
v
x
= v
0x
= v
0

v
y
= gt = 10 . 4 = 40 m/s
Vay van toc ban au cua vat la:
v
0
=
2 2 2
y
2
c
40 50 v v = = 30 m/s
ap an: C
Cau 131:
Tom tat
m = 1,5 kg; a = - 0,6 m/s
2
; g = 10 m/s
2
;

F
lc ke
=?
Hng dan giai
Ta co:
qt lcke F P N F + = =
Thang may i len va c ham vi gia toc 0,6 m/s
2
nen lc quan tnh ngc hng vi
trong lc . Do o so ch cua lc ke bang:
F
lc ke
= N = mg + ma = 1,5 (10 0,6) = 14,1 N
ap an: B
Cau 132:
Tra li
V day treo nghieng so vi phng thang ng nh hnh 2.10 Lc quan tnh
qt
F hng cung chieu v , tc la cung chieu chuyen ong.
Ma:
qt
F = - ma
Gia toc a hng ngc chieu v Chuyen ong cham dan eu.
ap an: B
Cau 133:
Tom tat
m = 60 kg; a = 0,2 m/s; N = ?
Hng dan giai
Ap lc cua vat len san buong thang may co o ln chnh bang phan lc N cua thang.
Chon he qui chieu gan lien vi mat at, co truc toa o Ox theo phng thang ng,
chieu dng hng xuong.
Ap dung nh luat II Niutn:
) 1 ( a m N P

= +
Chieu (1) len truc Ox:
P N = ma N = P - ma
Thang may chuyen ong xuong nhanh dan eu: a = 0,2 m/s
2

N = mg ma = 588 N
ap an: B
Cau 134:

55
Tom tat
m
max
= 50 kg; m = 45 kg; a
max
= ?
Hng dan giai
Khi treo vat co khoi lng toi a 500 kg ng yen, day khong b t. Vay lc cang day
toi a la:
T
max
= P
max
= m
max
g = 500 N
Chon truc toa o co phng thang ng, chieu dng la chieu hng len.
Ap dung nh luat II Niu-tn:
) 1 ( a m T P

= +
Chieu (1) len truc toa o:
T P = ma T = P + ma
e day khong b t th: T T
max
P + ma T
max
= 500 N
m( g + a ) 500
) s / m ( 1 , 1 10
45
500
a
2
= a 1,1 m/s
2

ap an: A
Cau 135:
Tom tat
m = 1,2 tan = 1 200 kg; t = 5 s; v = 7,5 m/s; F
ms
= 0,25F
k

g = 10 m/s
2
; F
ms
= ?
Hng dan giai
Gia toc ma xe thu c khi chuyen ong:
=
=
5
0 5 , 7
t
v v
a
o t
1,5 m/s
2

Cac lc tac dung vao xe:
a m F F P N
k ms

= + + + (1)
Chon chieu dng la chieu chuyen ong chieu (1) len truc toa o ta co:
F
k
F
ms
= ma
Theo e:
F
ms
= 0,25F
k
F
k
F
ms
= 0,75F
ms
= ma
Lc ma sat cua mat ng tac dung len xe:
F
ms
=
75 , 0
5 , 1 . 1200
75 , 0
ma
= = 2400 N
ap an: B

1
PHAN NHIET HOC
PHNG TRNH TRNG THI KH L TNG
A. KIEN THC C BAN
1. Lng chat, mol
1 mol la lng chat trong o co cha mot so phan t hay nguyen t bang so nguyen t
cha trong 12 g cacbon 12.
So phan t (hay nguyen t) N co trong khoi lng m cua mot chat:
A A
N
m
N N
= =
Trong o: : so mol; : khoi lng mol; N
A
: Hang so Avogaro.
1 23
A
mol 10 . 02 , 6 N

=
2. Thuyet ong hoc phan t
Cac chat c cau tao t cac nguyen t, phan t.
Cac nguyen t, phan t chuyen ong khong ngng.
Chuyen ong cua cac nguyen t, phan t cau tao nen vat cang nhanh th nhiet
o cua vat cang cao.
Cac nguyen t, phan t tng tac vi nhau bang cac lc hut va lc ay.
1. nh luat Boi-l Ma-ri-ot
nh luat
nhiet o khong oi, tch cua ap suat p va the tch V cua mot lng kh xac
nh la mot hang so:
so hang pV =
2. nh luat Sac-l
nh luat
Ap suat p cua mot lng kh co the tch khong oi th phu thuoc vao nhiet o
cua kh nh sau:
) t 1 ( p p
0
+ =
=
273
1
= he so tang ap ang tch = co gia tr nh nhau oi vi moi chat kh.
Nhiet o tuyet oi
Nhiet o o trong nhiet giai Ken vin c goi la nhiet o tuyet oi.
T(K) = t(
0
C) + 273
Trong nhiet giai Ken vin, cong thc cua nh luat Sac l la:
so hang
T
p
=
3. nh luat Gay Luy xac
The tch V cua mot lng kh co ap suat khong oi th t le vi nhiet o tuyet oi
cua kh.
so hang
T
V
=
4. Phng trnh trang thai cua kh l tng

2
2
2 2
1
1 1
T
V p
T
V p
const
T
pV
= =
5. Phng Trnh Cla-pe-ron Men-e-le-ep
RT
m
RT pV
= =
Trong o:
M: khoi lng kh (g); : khoi lng mol (g/mol)
R = 8,31 J/molK = Hang so chung cua cac kh.

Ap suat cua kh len thanh bnh la:
A. Lc tac dung len mot n v dien tch thanh bnh.
B. Lc tac dung vuong goc len mot n v dien tch thanh bnh.
C. Lc tac dung len thanh bnh.
D. Cau A, B ung.
Moi lien he gia nhiet o t
o
C va nhiet o T
o
K nh sau:
A. T = t +237 B. t = T +273
C. t = T 273 D. T = t +327
Moi lien he gia nhiet o Celsuis t (
o
C) va nhiet o Fahrenheit T
F
(
o
F) la:
A. t =
9
5
.(T
F
-32) B. T= t + 273
C. T = 9.t +32 D. t =
9
5
.(T
F
+32)
nhiet o nao sau ay ma nhiet o Celsius va Fahrenheit co cung gia tr:
A. + 40
o
B. - 40
o

C. - 17
o
D. + 32
Moi phan t nc gom 1 nguyen t oxi va 2 nguyen t hiro. Khoi lng cua
nguyen t hiro la 1,67.10
27
kg, khoi lng cua nguyen t oxi la 26,56.10
27
kg. So
phan t nc trong 1 gam nc la:
A. 2,5.10
24
phan t . B. 3,34.10
22
phan t.
C. 1,8.10
20
phan t. D. 4.10
21
phan t.
Cau 6: Cau phat bieu nao sau ay la khong ung
A. Khong o tuyet oi la nhiet o thap nhat co the co cua mot he.
B. Hai vat c co lap bi chan khong tot, hai vat nay se khong truyen nhiet cho
nhau.
C. Co the truyen nhiet nh vao qua trnh oi lu.
D. S truyen nhiet co the nh vao chuyen ong cua cac phan t.

3
Phng trnh trang thai kh l tng co dang aRT pV = vi R = 8,31 J/mol.K. Trong
o a la:
A. So phan t kh trong the tch V.
B. So kg kh trong the tch V.
C. Hang so Avogadro.
D. So mol kh trong the tch V.
Phng trnh trang thai kh l tng co dang pV = bkT. Trong o b la:
A. So phan t kh trong the tch V.
B. So kg kh trong the tch V.
C. Hang so Avogadro.
D. So mol kh trong the tch V.
Hang so kh l tng R co gia tr bang :
A. 0,083 at.lt/mol.K B. 8,31 J/mol.K
C. 0,082 atm.lt/mol.K D. Ca A,B, C eu ung.
Qua trnh nung lam cho nhiet o cua khoi kh tang them t = 10
o
C. Hoi nhiet o
khoi kh tang bao nhieu o K.
A. 10K B. 283K
C. Ca A,B eu sai. D. Ca A, B eu ung.
nh luat Sac-l ch ap dung c trong qua trnh:
A. Gi nhiet o cua khoi kh khong oi.
B. Khoi kh dan n t do.
C. Khoi kh khong co s trao oi nhiet lng vi ben ngoai.
D. Khoi kh ng trong bnh kn va bnh khong dan n nhiet.
oi vi khoi kh l tng co khoi lng xac nh co the tch V, ap suat p nhiet o T,
ta luon luon co:
A.
T
pV
= const B. pV = const
C.
T
V
= const D. Ca A, B, C eu ung.
Phng trnh trang thai kh l tng cho 1 mol kh co dang pV = aRT. Trong o a
bang:
A.
3
2
B. 1
C.
2
3
D.

4
Phng trnh trang thai kh l tng cho m(g) kh l tng co phan t khoi (g) co
dang nao di ay:
A. pV = RT B. R
m T
pV
=
C. R
T
V
=
m
D. R
p
TV
m
=
oi vi khoi kh l tng xac nh khi the tch cua khoi kh V khong oi ta co moi
lien he gia ap suat p va nhiet o T cua khoi kh nh sau:
A.
T
V
= const B.
T
p
= const
C. pV = const D. pT = const
oi vi khoi kh l tng xac nh khi ap suat cua khoi kh la p khong oi ta co moi
lien he gia the tch V va nhiet o T cua khoi kh nh sau:
A.
T
V
= const B.
T
p
= const
oi vi khoi kh l tng xac nh, khi nhiet o cua khoi kh T khong oi ta co moi
lien he gia the tch V va ap suat p cua khoi kh nh sau:
A.
T
V
= const B.
T
p
= const
Mot bnh kn cha oxi nhiet o T va ap suat p. Hoi khi cho nhiet o tang len hai
lan th ap suat khoi kh tang:
A.
2
1
B. 2 lan
C.
2
3
D. 4 lan
Mot khoi kh l tng trang thai c xac nh bi (p; V; T). Biet luc au trang
thai cua khoi kh la (6atm; 4lt; 270K), sau o c chuyen en trang thai th hai la
(p atm; 3lt; 270K). Hoi p la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 8 atm B. 2 atm
C.4,5 atm D. Ca 3 cau tren eu sai.
Khoi kh ieu kien tieu chuan, khi nhiet o va ap suat cua no la:
A. 0
o
C; 736 mmHg B. 0
o
C; 1 atm
C. 27
o
C; 1 atm D. 0
o
C; 10
5
atm
Mot kmol kh l tng ieu kien tieu chuan chiem the tch:

5
A. 22,4 lt B. 22,4 m
3

C. 22,4 cm
3
D. 22,4 mm
3
nh luat Boi-l Mariot c ap dung trong qua trnh:
A. Nhiet o cua khoi kh khong oi.
oi vi lng kh xac nh, qua trnh ang ap la qua trnh:
A. Nhiet o tang the tch giam t le nghch vi nhiet o.
B. Nhiet o tang the tch tang t le thuan vi nhiet o.
C. Nhiet o khong oi, the tch tang.
nh luat Gay Luy-xac c ap dung trong qua trnh:
A. Nhiet o cua khoi kh khong oi.
So Avogaro co gia tr bang :
A. So phan t cha trong 1gam hiro.
B. So nguyen t cha trong 4 gam heli.
C. So phan t cha trong 12 gam kh cacbonc.
D. So phan t cha trong 22,4 lt hi nc bao hoa.
Khi un nong kh trong bnh kn dan n nhiet kem th:
A. Khoi lng cua khoi kh giam.
B. Khoi lng cua khoi kh va khoi lng rieng khong oi.
C. Khoi lng cua khoi kh khong oi va khoi lng rieng giam.
D. Khoi lng cua khoi kh khong oi va khoi lng rieng tang.
Khi un nong khoi kh th:
A. Khoi lng cua khoi kh giam.
B. Khoi lng cua khoi kh va khoi lng rieng khong oi.
C. Khoi lng cua khoi kh khong oi va khoi lng rieng giam.
D. Khoi lng cua khoi kh khong oi va khoi lng rieng tang.
Khi mot lng kh dan ang nhiet th so phan t n trong mot n v the tch:
A. Tang t le nghch vi ap suat p.
B. Giam t le vi ap suat p.
C. Khong oi.
D. Bien oi theo qui luat khac vi cac trng hp tren.

6
Qua trnh bien oi cua mot lng kh l tng trong o ap suat t le thuan vi so
phan t trong n v the tch la qua trnh :
A. ang nhiet. B. ang tch.
C. oan nhiet. D. ang ap.
Khi lam nong khoi kh l tng bang qua trnh ang ap, t so nao sau ay khong oi
(n la mat o phan t kh):
A.
p
n
B.
T
n

C.
T
p
D. Ca A, B, C eu sai
Mot mol hiro co khoi lng 2 gam, mot mol oxi co khoi lng 32 gam. o la v:
A. So phan t oxi trong 1 mol nhieu hn so phan t hiro.
B. Phan t oxi co khoi lng ln hn phan t hiro.
C. Trong cung ieu kien, oxi chiem the tch ln hn hiro.
D. Ca ba cau tren eu sai.
nh luat Gay Luy-xac cho biet he thc lien he gia:
A. The tch va ap suat kh khi nhiet o khong oi.
B. Ap suat va nhiet o khi the tch khong oi.
C. The tch va nhiet o khi ap suat khong oi.
D. The tch, ap suat va nhiet o cua kh l tng.
Hai bnh cha kh l tng cung nhiet o. Bnh B co the tch gap oi bnh A, co so
phan t bang na so phan t trong bnh A. Ap suat kh trong bnh B so vi ap suat
kh trong bnh A th:
A. Bang nhau. B. Bang mot na.
C. Bang mot phan t. C. Gap oi.
Phng trnh trang thai pV = RT trong o R = 8,31 J/mol.K ch chnh xac khi:
A. Chat kh cau tao t cac phan t ch co mot nguyen t.
B. Chat kh co ap suat u nho.
C. Lng kh la mot mol va the tch rat ln.
D. Lng kh la 1 mol.
nh luat Boi-l Mariot cho rang khi nhiet o T khong oi, vi mot lng kh cho
trc, ta co: p
1
V
1
= p
2
V
2
. Khi ap dung cong thc nay:
A. Ap suat phai tnh bang atm va the tch tnh bang lt.
B. Khoi lng cua khoi kh phai ung bang 1 mol.
C. Khoi lng cua khoi kh la 1kg ap suat phai tnh bang atm va the tch tnh bang
lt.

7
D. Co the dung lng kh tuy y, ap suat va the tch tnh bang n v bat k.
Neu ap suat tnh bang atm the tch tnh bang lt, th hang so kh l tng R co gia tr
bang:
A. R = 8,31 lt.atm/kmol.K B. R = 0,082 lt.atm/kmol.K
C. R = 0,82 lt.atm/mol.K D. R = 8,31 lt.atm/mol.K
Hai bnh co the tch bang nhau, thong nhau bang mot ong. Nhiet o trong hai bnh
khac nhau, so phan t trong hai bnh :
A. Bang nhau.
B. Bnh nong cha nhieu phan t hn.
C. Bnh lanh cha nhieu phan t hn.
Mot qua trnh bien oi ma cong sinh ra luon bang nhiet nhan vao, th o la qua
trnh:
A.ang nhiet. B. ang tch.
C. ang ap. D. Ca ba qua trnh tren.
Khi tren nui cao, nau cm khong chn c v:
A. un nc khong soi c.
B. Gio nhieu lam cho nc khong nong c.
C. Nhiet lng b bc xa nhieu.
D. Nc soi nhiet o thap khong the lam chn cm.
un thc an trong noi cao ap chong nh hn trong noi co nap khong kn, v:
A. Nc soi trong noi cao ap co nhiet o cao hn trong noi co nap khong kn.
B. Trong noi cao ap, nc soi cung nhiet o vi noi khong kn. Nhng co them
tac dung cua ap suat cao lam cho thc an chong nh.
C. Noi cao ap kn gi nhiet nen thc an chong nh.
D. Noi cao ap co vo ay day hap thu nhiet tot lam cho thc an chong nh.
Ran va luoc, cach lam nao lam cho thc an co nhiet o cao hn v sao?
A. Luoc, v nc co nhiet dung rieng ln hn m.
B. Luoc, v dung mot lng nc nhieu hn m ran.
C. Ran, v nhiet o soi cua m cao hn nhiet o soi cua nc.
Ta co cong thc : R
m
T
pV
= ch ap dung c cho:
A. Kh l tng. B. Kh thc.
C. Ca A, B eu ung. D. Ca A, B eu sai.
Chat kh de nen v:

8
A. Cac phan t kh chuyen ong hon loan khong ngng.
B. Lc hut gia cac phan t rat yeu.
C. Cac phan t cach xa nhau.
D. Cac phan t bay t do ve moi pha.
Trong qua trnh ang ap, khoi lng rieng cua kh va nhiet o tuyet oi co cong
thc lien he:
A.
1
2
2
1
T
T
D
D
= B.
2
1
2
1
T
T
D
D
=
C.
2
2
1
1
T
D
T
D
= D. Ca A,B,C eu sai
Hnh 1 c s dung cho cac cau 45; 46; 47.

ng ang ap co dang:
A. (1) va (4) B. (1) va (3)
C. (6) D. Tat ca eu sai.
ng ang nhiet co dang:
A. (1) va (2) B. (1) va (3)
C. (2) va (6) D. (3) va (5)
ng ang tch co dang:
A. (1) va (2) B.(1) va (3)
C. (2) va (6) D. (5)
p
T
(1)
p
T (2)
T
V (3)
V
T (4)
p
T (5)
p
V (6)
Hnh 1

9
Co 10 gam kh oxi ap suat 3.10
5
N/m
2

va nhiet o 10
o
C, xem oxi la kh l tng.
The tch khoi kh la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 24,5 lt B. 0,00245 lt
C. 0,245 lt D. 2,45 lt
Mot bnh kn co the tch 12 lt cha nit ap suat 80 atm co nhiet o la 17
o
C, xem
nit la kh l tng. Khoi lng nit trong bnh la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 1,130 kg B. 1,13 g
C. 0,113 g D. 0,113 kg
Mot bnh kn co the tch 12 lt cha kh nit ap suat 82 atm nhiet o 7
o
C xem kh la
kh l tng. Neu bnh tren b ro ap suat kh con lai la 41 atm. Gia s nhiet o khong
thay oi th khoi lng kh thoat ra la:
A. 1,2 kg B. 12 kg
C. 0,6 kg D. 2,4 kg
Co 4,4 gam kh CO
2
ap suat 2 atm co the tch 1,64 lt. Nhiet o cua khoi kh CO
2

la:
A. 400K B. 400
o
C
C. 600K D. 600
o
C
Mot khoi kh nit ap suat 15 atm va nhiet o 27
o
C c xem la kh l tng. H
nong ang tch khoi kh en 127
o
C. Ap suat khoi kh sau khi h nong la:
A. 70,55 atm B. 20 atm
C. 25atm D. 15atm
Co 10 gam kh oxi nhiet o 360K ng trong bnh dan n nhiet kem dung tch 2
lt. Hoi khi un nong kh en 400K. The tch cua khoi kh co gia tr nao di ay:
A. 1 lt B. 2 lt
C. 3 lt D. 4 lt
Co 40 gam kh oxi nhiet o 360 K ap suat 10 atm. The tch cua khoi kh la gia tr
nao di ay:
A. 3,69 lt B. 0,369 lt
C. 1,2 lt D. Tat ca eu sai.
Co m gam kh oxi co the tch 3,69 lt, ap suat 12 atm nhiet o 432 K. Hoi m cua
khoi kh co gia tr nao di ay:
A. m =10 g B. m = 20 g
C. m = 30 g D. m = 40 g
Di ap suat 2.10
4
N/m
2
mot khoi kh co the tch 20 lt . Gi nhiet o khoi kh khong
oi. Di ap suat 5.10
4
N/m
2
the tch khoi kh bang:
A. 6 lt B. 8 lt

10
C. 10 lt D. 12 lt
Co 40 gam kh oxi the tch 3,69 lt, ap suat 10 atm c cho n ang ap en the
tch 4 lt, xem oxi la kh l tng. Nhiet o cua khoi kh sau khi dan n la:
A. 360K B. 360
o
C
C. 390K D. 480
o
C
Kh hiro nhiet o 27
o
C ap suat 2,46 atm, xem hiro la kh l tng. Khoi lng
rieng cua kh hiro la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 0,4 g/lt B. 0,3 g/lt
C. 0,2 g/lt D. 0,1g/lt
Kh oxi ap suat 2,46 atm c h nong ang ap en nhiet o 127
o
C, xem oxi la
kh l tng. Khoi lng rieng cua kh sau khi h nong la:
A. 2,4 g/lt B. 0,24 g/lt
C. 24 g/lt D. Ca A, B, C eu sai
nhiet o 0
o
C, di ap suat p
o
= 1atm khoi lng rieng cua chat kh D
o
. Hoi
nhiet o t = 27
o
C di ap suat p = 2 atm, khoi lng rieng cua chat kh bang bao
nhieu D
o
?
A. 0,55D
o
B. 1,82D
o

C. 0,91D
o
D. 0,50D
o

Mot bnh cha kh nen nhiet o 27
o
C va ap suat 40 atm. Neu ta lay ra mot na
lng kh va nhiet o ha xuong ti 12
o
C, khi o ap suat kh trong bnh la:
A. 9 atm B. 12 atm
C. 15 atm D. 19 atm
Mot bnh the tch V = 12,46 lt cha 7 g kh X cha biet nhiet o 300 K th kh se
gay ra ap suat len bnh la 5.10
4
N/m
2
. Kh X la kh g ?
A. Hiro B. Oxi
C. Heli D. Nit
Mot qua bong co the tch V
b
= 2,5 lt . Ngi ta bm khong kh vao qua bong bang
pttong co the tch V
1
= 0,125 lt di ap suat p
1
=10
5
N/m
2
. Gia s trong qua trnh
bm nhiet o cua khong kh khong oi trong suot qua trnh bm. Hoi sau bao nhieu
lan bm th ap suat cua khong kh trong qua bong at c p
b
= 2.10
5
N/m
2
.
A. 10 lan B. 20 lan
C. 30 lan D. 40 lan
Bnh cha c 7 g kh nit nhiet o 27
o
C di ap suat 5,11.10
5
N/m
2
. Ngi ta
thay kh nit bang kh x khac. Luc nay nhiet o 53
o
C bnh ch cha c 4 g kh o
di ap suat 44,4.10
5
N/m
2
. Hoi kh x la kh g ?
A. Kh hiro B. Kh Heli

11
C. Kh oxi D. Kh CO
2

Neu the tch cua mot lng kh giam
10
1
, th ap suat tang
5
1
so vi ap suat ban au
va nhiet o tang them 16
o
C. Tnh nhiet o ban au cua khoi kh.
A. 200K B. 200
o
C
C. 300K D. 300
o
C
Chng to rang trong qua trnh ang nhiet. Khoi lng rieng cua chat kh D ap suat
cua khoi kh la P the tch cua khoi kh la V. Ta co:
A.
2
1
2
1
D
D
p
p
= B.
1
2
2
1
D
D
p
p
=
C.
1
2
2
1
D
D
V
V
= D. Cau A, C ung
Tren mat phang (p,V) ng ang nhiet la:
A. ng thang B. ng parabol
C. ng hyperbol D. ng exponient

C S CUA NHIET ONG LC HOC

A. KIEN THC C BAN

1. Nhiet lng thu (toa) cua khoi kh
Cong thc tnh nhiet lng
( )
1 2
t t mc Q =
c la nhiet dung rieng J/g.o; m(g) khoi lng cua khoi kh.
t
1
la nhiet o au; t
2
la nhiet o sau.
Phng trnh can bang nhiet
Q
1
+ Q
2
= 0
Q > 0 nhiet lng thu vao; Q< 0 nhiet lng toa ra.
2. Noi nang cua khoi kh l tng
Noi nang U cua m(g) kh l tng nhiet o T bao gom ong nang cua cac phan
t kh.
nRT
2
i
RT
m
2
i
U =
=
o bien thien noi nang U cua khoi kh l tng khi chuyen t nhiet o T
1
en
nhiet o T
2
( ) T nR
2
i
T T R
m
2
i
U
1 2
=
=
Vi n so mol kh M phan t lng cua kh va i la bac t do cua phan t.

12
i = 3 (kh n nguyen t He, Ne)
i = 5 (kh phan t co hai nguyen t nh O
2
; H
2;
CO)
i = 6 (kh phan t co t ba nguyen t tr len CO
2
; CH
4
)
3. Cong cua kh l tng
A = F.h = p.S.h = p.V
4. Nguyen l th nhat cua nhiet ong lc hoc
o bien thien noi nang cua he bang tong ai so cong va nhiet lng ma he nhan
c:
U = A + Q
Qui c ve dau:
Q > 0: Vat nhan nhiet lng t cac vat khac.
Q < 0: Vat truyen nhiet lng cho cac vat khac.
A > 0: Vat nhan cong t cac vat khac.
A < 0: Vat thc hien cong len cac vat khac.
So o o bien thien noi nang:
U = U
2
U
1

Nhiet lng vat thu vao hay toa ra khi thay oi nhiet o c tnh bang cong
thc:
Q = mct
Q: Nhiet lng vat thu vao hay toa ra (J)
m: Khoi lng cua vat (kg).
c: nhiet dung rieng cua chat cau tao vat (J/kg.K)
t: o bien thien nhiet o (
0
C hoac K).
5. Ap dung nguyen l th nhat cho cac qua trnh cua kh l tng
Trong qua trnh ang tch, nhiet lng ma kh nhan c ch dung e lam tang
noi nang cua kh.
Q = U
Trong qua trnh ang ap, mot phan nhiet lng ma kh nhan c dung e lam
tang noi nang cua kh, phan con lai bien thanh cong ma kh sinh ra.
Q = U A
Trong qua trnh ang nhiet, toan bo nhiet lng ma kh nhan c chuyen het
thanh cong ma kh sinh ra.
Q = -A
Qua trnh oan nhiet
Q= - U
Tong ai so nhiet lng ma he nhan c trong ca chu trnh chuyen het thanh
cong ma he sinh ra trong chu
trnh o.
Nguon nong T
1
Q
1
A= Q
1
- Q
2

Nguon lanh T
2
Q
2
Tac nhan

13
Q = -A
6. ong c nhiet
ong c nhiet la thiet b bien oi nhiet lng thanh cong.
Nguyen tac hoat ong va cau tao:
Nguon nong cung cap nhiet lng cho tac nhan.
Tac nhan bien oi mot phan nhiet lng thanh cong va nh thiet b phat
ong ma tac ong len cac vat ngoai.
Tac nhan truyen nhiet lng con lai cho nguon lanh.
Hieu suat cua ong c nhiet
1
2 1
1
Q
Q Q
Q
A
= =
Trong o:
Q
1
= nhiet lng ong c nhan cua nguon nong.
Q
2
= nhiet lng ma tac nhan truyen cho nguon lanh.
A = Cong ong c sinh ra cho vat ngoai.
nh l Cac-no
1
2
1
2 1
1
2
1
2 1
1
T
T
1
T
T T
Q
Q
1
Q
Q Q
Q
A
H =
= =

Hieu suat cua ong c nhiet l tng
1
2
1
2 1
max
T
T
1
T
T T
H =
=
T
1
= nhiet o nguon nong.
Q
2
= nhiet o ma tac nhan truyen cho nguon lanh.
7. May lanh
May lanh la mot thiet b dung e lay nhiet t mot vat nay truyen sang mot vat
khac nong hn nh nhan cong t cac vat ngoai.
Hieu nang:
2 1
2 2
Q Q
Q
A
Q
= =
Trong o:
Q
1
= nhiet lng ma tac nhan toa ra cho nguon nong.
Q
2
= nhiet lng ma may lanh lat t nguon lanh.
A = cong ma may lanh tieu thu.
8. Nguyen l th hai cua nhiet ong lc hoc
Hai cach phat bieu nguyen l th hai:
Nhiet khong t no truyen t mot vat sang vat nong hn.
Khong the che tao c ong c vnh cu loai hai.
Hieu suat cc ai cua may nhiet.
oi vi ong c nhiet:

14
1
2 1
max
T
T T
=
oi vi may lanh:
2 1
2
max
T T
T
=
Neu he ng yen va khong trong trng lc nao. Nguyen l th nhat phat bieu nh
sau: o bien thien noi nang cua he bang..
A. Tong ong nang va the nang.
B. Tong cong cua ngoai lc.
C. Tong cong va nhiet ma he nhan c.
D. Tong nhiet thu va nhiet nhan.
Mot lng kh bien oi, cong sinh ra luon luon bang nhiet nhan c. Qua trnh bien
oi o la:
A. ang ap. B. ang nhiet.
C. ang tch. D. Thuan nghch.
Nguyen l th nhat nhiet ong lc hoc co g khac so vi nh luat bao toan nang
lng.
A. Khong co g khac.
B. Nguyen l th nhat nhiet ong lc hoc la nh luat bao toan nang lng m rong
cho cac qua trnh co trao oi nhiet.
C. nh luat th nhat nhiet ong lc hoc la nh luat thc nghiem ma ta khong the
chng minh c.
D. nh luat th nhat nhiet ong lc hoc co ieu mi hn nh luat bao toan
nang lng cho no khang nh rang noi nang cua mot he ch phu thuoc vao
mot so t tham so ma ta goi la thong so trang thai cua he.
Cau phat bieu nao sau ay thuoc ve nguyen l th nhat cua nhiet ong lc hoc:
A. Nhiet c truyen t ni nong en ni lanh.
B. Neu hai he cung can bang nhiet vi he th ba th chung se can bang nhiet vi
nhau.
C. Neu noi nang cua he khong oi th nhiet nhan c se bien oi hoan toan thanh
cong.
Co 8 g kh hiro nhiet o 27
o
C sau khi khi c h nong ang ap, the tch tang
len gap oi. Cong do kh thc hien bang:
A. 9,972 kJ B. 19,942 kJ
C. 1794,96J D. 94,8 kJ

15
ong c vnh cu loai I co tnh chat nao sau ay:
A. Khong sinh cong khi khong nhan nhiet.
B. Khong sinh cong khi ch trao oi nhiet vi mot nguon nhiet duy nhat.
C. Sinh cong ma khong can cung cap nhiet.
Neu noi nang cua he khong oi th theo nguyen l th nhat:
A. He nhan cong th sinh nhiet.
B. He sinh cong th sinh nhiet.
C. He nhan nhiet th sinh cong.
D. He ch nhan nhiet.
Nhiet dung rieng ang tch cua kh l tng la nhiet lng can thiet e cung cap
cho:
A. m kg kh l tng tang len T o trong qua trnh ang tch.
B. mot n v khoi lng kh l tng tang len mot o trong qua trnh ang tch.
C. mot n v khoi lng kh l tng tang len T o trong qua trnh ang tch.
D. m kg kh l tng tang len mot o trong qua trnh ang tch.
Nhiet dung rieng ang ap cua kh l tng la nhiet lng can thiet e cung cap cho:
E. Mot n v khoi lng kh l tng tang len mot o trong qua trnh ang ap.
F. mot n v khoi lng kh l tng tang len T o trong qua trnh ang ap.
G. mot n v khoi lng kh l tng tang len T trong qua trnh ang ap.
H. m kg kh l tng tang len mot o trong qua trnh ang ap
Trong qua trnh can bang ang tch, vi A la cong cua he nhan c, th:
A. A > 0 B. A < 0
C. A = 0 D. A = U
Mot vat khoi lng m, co nhiet dung rieng c, nhiet o au va cuoi tng ng la t
1
va
t
2
. Cong thc m.c.(t
2
t
1
) dung e xac nh:
A. noi nang. B. nhiet lng.
C. cong khoi kh nhan c. D. Ca A, B, C eu sai.
n v cua nhiet dung rieng trong he SI la:
A. J/g o B. J/kg o
C. kJ/kg o D. cal/g o
Khi truyen nhiet cho mot khoi kh th khoi kh co the:
A. tang noi nang va thc hien cong.
B. giam noi nang va nhan cong.
C. ca A va B ung.
D. ca A va B sai.

16
Noi nang cua mot khoi kh l tng n nguyen t c xac nh bi cong thc:
A. U = nRT .
2
3
B. U =
mRT
.
2
3

C. U = pV .
2
3
Goi U, V, P la o bien thien noi nang, o bien thien the tch, o bien thien the
tch, o bien thien ap suat, i la bac t do cua phan t kh. Trong qua trnh ang tch
ta co:
A. U = p.V B. V . p
2
i
U =
C. V . p
2
i
U = D. U = V.p
Goi U, V, p la o bien thien noi nang, o bien thien the tch, o bien thien the
tch, o bien thien ap suat, i la bac t do cua phan t kh. Trong qua trnh ang ap ta
co:
A. U = p.V B. V . p
2
i
U =
C. V . p
2
i
U = D. U = V.p
Khong the che tao ong c vnh cu loai I v:
A. Vi pham nh luat bao toan nang lng.
B. Trai vi nguyen l I nhiet ong lc hoc.
C. Ca A va B eu sai.
D. Ca A va B eu ung.
Ap dung nguyen l th nhat nhiet ong lc hoc cho cac qua trnh bien oi trang thai
cua kh l tng, ta co Q = A trong:
A. qua trnh ang ap.
B. qua trnh ang nhiet.
C. qua trnh ang tch.
D. qua trnh oan nhiet.
Goi U, A, Q tng ng la o bien thien noi nang, cong kh sinh ra va nhiet lng
kh nhan vao. Trong qua trnh ang tch th theo nguyen l th nhat:
A. A = Q B. U = A
C. U = Q D. U= - Q
Neu he ng yen va khong trong trng lc nao, khong nhan va khong sinh cong
khong trao oi nhiet vi moi trng ben ngoai th theo nguyen l th nhat.
A. ong nang cua phan t khong oi.

17
B. Noi nang cua he khong oi.
C. o bien thien noi nang cua he bang khong.
D. Cau B, C ung
Goi Q la nhiet lng kh nhan T o bien thien nhiet o. oi vi m(g) kh co phan
t khoi M(g). Trong qua trnh ang tch ta co:
A. T R
M
m
2
i
Q = B. T R
M
m
2
1
Q =
C. Hai cau A, B eu sai. D. Hai cau A, B eu ung
Goi A la cong cua kh sinh ra, T o bien thien nhiet o, V o bien thien the tch.
oi vi m(g) kh co phan t khoi M(g), trong qua trnh ang ap ta co:
A. T R
M
m i
A =
2
B. T R
M
m
A =
C. V R
M
m
A = D. Ca A, B, C eu sai
Goi A la cong cua kh sinh ra, T o bien thien nhiet o. oi vi m(g) kh co phan
t khoi M(g) ap suat p c chuyen t the tch V
1
en the tch V
2
bang qua trnh
ang ap ta co:
A. ) V V ( p A
1 2
= B. T R
M
m i
A =
2

C. T R
M
m
A = D. Ca A, C eu ung
Goi Q la nhiet lng cua khoi kh m(g) nhan c trong qua trnh can bang ang
ap, T la o bien thien nhiet o. Vi M(g) la phan t khoi cua kh. Ta co:
A. T R
M
m i
Q =
2
B. T R
M
m
T R
M
m i
A + =
2

C. T R
M
m
Q = D. Ca A, C eu sai
A. A = 0 B. U = 0
C. A = Q D. Cau B, C ung
A. A = 0 B. U = 0
C. A = U D. Cau B, C ung

18
Trong mot qua trnh, cong khoi kh nhan c la 100 J va nhiet lng khoi kh
nhan la 200 J. o bien thien noi nang cua khoi kh la gia tr nao di ay:
A . 100 J B. 300 J
C. 100 J D. 300 J
Trong mot qua trnh, cong khoi kh sinh ra la 100 J va noi nang cua khoi kh tang
400 J. Nhiet lng khoi kh nhan c trong qua trnh nay la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 100 J B. 300 J
C. 100 J D. 300 J
A. Neu he khong nhan nhiet th khong the sinh cong.
B. Neu he khong nhan nhiet th noi nang khong bien thien.
C. Neu Neu he khong nhan nhiet th co the sinh cong khi noi nang cua he gim.
D. Neu he khong nhan nhiet th co the sinh cong khi noi nang cua he tang.
Co 160 gam kh oxi c nung nong t nhiet o 50
o
C en nhiet o 60
o
C. Gia s qua
trnh ang tch. Cong khoi kh sinh ra la:
A. A = 0 B. A = 248,5 J
C. A = 125 J D. A = - 248,5J
o
C en nhiet o 60
o
C. Gia s qua
trnh ang tch. Nhiet lng khoi kh nhan la:
A. Q = 248,5 cal B. Q = 1038,75 J
C. Q = 248,5J D. Cau A, B ung
Co 200 gam kh hiro c ng trong bnh kn dan n kem, c nung nong t
nhiet o 10
o
C en nhiet o 20
o
C. Nhiet lng khoi kh nhan co gia tr nao di ay:
A. Q = 20 775 J B. Q = 2 077,5 J
C. Q = 207,75J D. Q = 207.75kJ
Co 40 gam kh heli c ng trong bnh kn dan n kem, c nung nong t nhiet
o 20
o
C en nhiet o 30
o
C. o bien thien noi nang cua khoi kh co gia tr nao di
ay:
A. 4 155 J B. 4 155 kJ
C. 2 493 J D. 2 493 kJ
o
C en nhiet o 70
o
C. Gia s qua
trnh ang ap, cong khoi kh nhan la:
A. 1 038,75 J B. 415,5 J
C. 623,25 J D. 548 J
Co 220 gam kh CO
2
c lam lanh t nhiet o 60
o
C en nhiet o 50
o
C. Gia s qua
trnh ang ap, nhiet lng khoi kh toa ra la:
A. 2 662 J B. 962 J

19
C. 1 662 J D. 862 J
Co m (g) kh oxi c nung nong t nhiet o 50
o
C en 60
o
C. Gia s qua trnh ang
ap. Nhiet lng khoi kh nhan c la 1454,25 J. Gia tr cua m bang:
A. 320 g B. 160 g
C. 480 g D. 640 g
Co 320 g kh oxi c nung nong nhiet o tang len T o. Gia s qua trnh ang ap.
Nhiet lng khoi kh nhan c la 2908,5 J. Gia tr T la ai lng nao di ay:
A. 10 K B. 20 K
C. 30 K D. 40 K
Co 6,5 gam kh hiro nhiet o 27
o
C nhan nhiet lng nen the tch tang len gap
oi, trong ieu kien ap suat khong oi. Cong ma khoi kh sinh ra trong trng hp
nay la:
A. 8102,25 J B. -8102,25 J
C. 810,25 J D. - 810,25J
Co 1 mol kh ap suat p the tch V nhiet o T. Gia s kh c nung nong ang ap
en nhiet o 2T. Cong ma kh sinh ra trong qua trnh nay la:
A. A = pV B. A= 2pV
C. A=
2
pV
D. Ca A, B, C eu sai
Co n mol kh ap suat p the tch V. Gia s kh c nen ang ap en the tch
2
V
.
Cong ma kh sinh ra trong qua trnh nay la:
A. A = pV B. A =
2
pV

C. A = -
2
pV
D. A =
2
pV 3

The tch 2 lt kh oxi dan n ang nhiet t ap suat p
1
= 5.10
5
N/m
2
en ap suat p
2
=
4.10
5
N/m
2
. o bien thien noi nang cua khoi kh la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 2 189 J B. 0 J
C. -2 189 J D. 2 189 kJ
Trong bnh kn the tch V = 8,31 lt cha kh CO
2
ap suat p
1
=10
5
N/m
2
. Truyen cho
kh trong bnh nhiet lng Q = 2 100 J. Hoi gia tr cua ap suat kh len thanh bnh sau
khi nhan nhiet lng la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 4.10
5
N/m
2
B. 3.10
5
N/m
2

C. 2.10
5
N/m
2
D. 10
5
N/m
2

20
Nhiet lng ma mot he co khoi lng cho trc a nhan c khi nhiet o thay oi
t T
1
en T
2
co the tnh c khi ta biet :
A. Nhiet dung c cua he.
B. Bieu thc cua noi nang cua he.
C. Qua trnh thay oi cua he t trang thai au en trang thai cuoi, ve tren mat phang
p, V.
D. Bieu thc noi nang cua he va qua trnh thay oi cua he t trang thai au en trang
thai cuoi, ve tren mat phang p, V.
Vi Q
1
, Q
2
va A tng ng la nhiet nhan t nguon nong, nhiet toa cho nguon lanh
va cong thc hien trong mot chu trnh. Goi H la hieu suat cua ong c nhiet ta co:
A.
1
2 1
Q
Q Q
H

= B.
1
Q
A
H =
C.
1
2
Q
Q
H = D. Cau A, B ung
Theo nguyen l II, ong c nhiet se khong sinh cong neu tac nhan cua no trao oi
nhiet vi:
A. Hai nguon nhiet co nhiet o khac nhau.
B. Nhieu nguon nhiet co nhiet o khac nhau.
C. Trao oi nhiet vi hai nguon nhiet co cung nhiet o.
ong c nhiet la may nhiet:
A. Bien cong thanh nhiet.
B. Bien nhiet thanh cong.
C. Bien nhiet thanh cong va bien cong thanh nhiet.
D. Tat ca A, B, C eu sai.
Hieu suat cua ong c nhiet H c xac nh bang:
A.
1
2 1
Q
Q Q
B.
1
2 1
T
T T

C.
1
1 2
Q
Q Q
D.
1
1 2
T
T T

nh luat th hai cua nhiet ong lc hoc :
A. La nh luat thc nghiem ma ta tha nhan khong chng minh. Giong nh cac
nh luat Bo-l Mariot, Gay-Luy-xac.
B. La nh luat thc nghiem ac biet, tuy khong chng minh c nhng khong co
trng hp nao sai.
C. Co the chng minh c da tren nh l Cac-no
D. Co the chng minh dc da vao toan hoc thong ke.

21
Chu trnh Cacno cua kh l tng la chu trnh thuan nghch co hieu suat c cho
bi cong thc
1
2 1
T
T T
. Hieu suat nay:
A. Ap dung c cho moi chu trnh thuan nghch chay vi hai nguon nhiet.
B. Ch ap dung c cho chu trnh Cac-no cua kh l tng.
C. Ap dung c cho moi chu trnh bao gom hai ng ang nhiet va hai ng
oan nhiet.
D. Tat ca cac cau tren eu ung.
Neu nhiet truyen t vat nay sang vat khac cung nhiet o, th nguyen l nao trong hai
nguyen l I va II cua nhiet ong lc b vi pham.
A. Nguyen l I.
B. Nguyen l II.
C. Ca hai nguyen l I va II eu b vi pham.
D. Ca hai nguyen l I va II eu khong b vi pham.
Hieu suat cua ong c nhiet l tng H c xac nh bang:
A.
2
2 1
Q
Q Q
B.
1
2 1
T
T T

C.
1
1 2
Q
Q Q
D.
1
1 2
T
T T

e nang cao hieu suat cua ong c nhiet l tng ta phai:
A. Tang T
2
va giam T
1
.
B. Tang T
1
va giam T
2
.
C. Tang T
2
va T
1
.
D. Giam T
2
va T
1
.
Mot ong c nhiet moi giay nhan t nguon nong nhiet lng 3,84.10
4
J ong thi
nhng cho nguon lanh 2,88.10
4
J. Hieu suat cua ong c:
A. 10% B. 15%
C. 20% D. 25%
Goi T
1
: nhiet o tuyet oi cua nguon nong; T
2
: nhiet o tuyet oi cua nguon lanh.
Hieu suat cua ong c nhiet thoa:
A. H luon nho hn 1 B. H
1
2 1
T
T T

C. H co the rat nho hn 1 D. H co the bang 1
Nguyen l th hai nhiet ong lc hoc co the phat bieu:
A. Nhiet khong the t ong truyen t vat lanh hn sang vat nong hn.

22
B. Khong the thc hien mt qua trnh tuan hoan ma ket qua duy nhat cua no la thc
hien cong do lay nhiet t mot nguon nhiet.
C. Ca 2 cau A va B ung.
D. Ca 2 cau A va B sai.
e tu lanh ang chay trong phong, m ca tu lanh co lam mat phong c khong ?
V sao?
A. Khong. V tong nhiet ma phong thu c la dng.
B. Khong. V nhiet ma phong nhan c bang nhiet tu lanh nhan cua phong
C. Co. V tu lanh la may lam lanh.
D. Co. V nhiet lng dan lanh hap thu ln hn nhiet lng dan nong toa ra.
Lo ot noi hi cua mot may hi nc cong suat trung bnh la P =10
4
W, tieu thu moi
gi 10 kg than a. Nang suat toa nhiet cua than a la q = 35.10
6
J/kg. Hieu suat cua
may hi nc la gia tr nao di ay.
A. 10% B. 15%
C. 20% D. 25%
ong c nhiet l tng nguon nong co nhiet o 200
o
C, nguon lanh co nhiet o
100
o
C. Hieu suat l tng cua ong c nhiet la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 10% B.15%
C.20% D. 50%
Hieu suat cua ong c nhiet la gia tr nao di ay, khi chat tai nhiet truyen cho
nguon lanh 80% nhiet lng ma no nhan c cua nguon nong,
A. 20% B. 15%
C. 10% D. 5%
ong c nhiet l tng co hieu suat 20%. Nhiet o cua nguon nong la 400K, nhiet
o cua nguon lanh la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 220K B. 320K
C. 380K D. 420K
ong c nhiet l tng lam viec gia hai nguon nhiet 127
o
C va 27
o
C, thc hien mot
cong 5 kJ. Nhiet lng ong c nhan t nguon nong la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 10kJ B. 20kJ
C. 25 kJ D. 30 kJ
o
C va 27
o
C, thc hien mot
cong 5kJ. Nhiet lng ong c truyen cho nguon lanh la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 10 kJ B. 12 kJ
C. 13 kJ D. 15 kJ

23
o
C va 27
o
C. Gi nhiet o
cua nguon lanh khong oi e hieu suat ong c at 30%, th nhiet o cua nguon
nong phai la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 357,55K B. 428,57K
C. 500 K D. 557,57K
Chu trnh Cac-no thuan nghch bao gom:
A. Hai qua trnh oan nhiet tiep theo hai qua trnh ang nhiet.
B. Hai qua trnh ang ap tiep theo hai qua trnh ang tch.
C. Hai qua trnh ang nhiet thuan nghch xen ke hai qua trnh thuan nghch oan
nhiet.
D. Bon qua trnh: ang ap, ang tch, ang nhiet, oan nhiet.
Mot ong c nhiet lam viec theo chu trnh Cac-no, nhiet o cua nguon nong T
1
=
400 K, nhiet o cua nguon lanh T
2
= 300 K. Trong mot chu trnh ong c nhan nhiet
lng Q
1
= 1000 J. Cong cc ai ma ong c thc hien trong mot chu trnh la gia tr
nao di ay:
A. 150 J B.250 J
C. 500 J D. 750 J
Khi thc hien mot chu trnh Cac-no, kh nhan nhiet lng t nguon nong Q
1
bang
1000 J va thc hien mot cong 400 J. Nhiet o cua nguon nong la 227
o
C. Nhiet o
cua nguon lanh la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 90,8 K B.150 K
C. 200 K D.250 K
Mot ong c nhiet l tng hoat ong gia hai nguon nhiet 227
o
C va 127
o
C, nhan t
nguon nong nhiet lng 6 kJ trong 10 phut. Cong suat cua ong c nhiet la gia tr
nao di ay:
A. 1200W B. 120 W
C. 12W D. 2W
Khi thc hien mot chu trnh Cac-no, kh nhan nhiet lng t nguon nong Q
1
= 500 J
va thc hien mot cong 200 J. Nhiet o cua nguon lanh la 7
o
C. Nhiet o cua nguon
lanh la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 400 K B. 500 K
C. 600 K D.700 K
ong c nhiet lam viec theo chu trnh Cacno, khi nhiet o cua nguon nong T
1
va
cua nguon lanh T
2
th hieu suat cua chu trnh la H. Neu gi nguyen nhiet o cua
nguon nong, ha nhiet o cua nguon lanh en T
2
=
2
T
2
, khi o ong c co hieu suat
H. Ta co:

24
A.
2
H 1
' H
+
= B. H= 2H
C.
2
H
' H = D.
2
H 1
' H

=
ong c nhiet lam viec theo chu trnh Cac-no, khi nhiet o cua nguon nong T
1
va
cua nguon lanh T
2
nguon lanh, tang nhiet o cua nguon nong en T
1
= 2T
1
, khi o ong c co hieu
suat H. Ta co:
A. H = 2H B. H =
2
' H

C. H = 2H-1 D. H= 2H-1
ong c nhiet lam viec theo chu trnh Cac-no, khi nhiet o cua nguon nong T
1
va
cua nguon lanh T
2
nguon lanh, tang nhiet o cua nguon nong en T
1
, khi o ong c co hieu suat H =
2H-1. Ta co:
A. T
1
= 2T
1
B. T
1
=2T
1

C. T
1
= 2T
1
-1 D. T
1
=2T
1
+1
Neu nhiet lng nhan t nguon nong Q
1
nguon lanh Q
2
hieu suat cua ong c
H=50% . Khi Q
1
tang 10%; Q
2
tang 20%. Hieu suat H cua ong c nhiet tng ng
la gia tr nao di ay:
A. 55% B 45%
C. 35% D.40%
Neu nhiet lng nhan t nguon nong Q
1
nguon lanh Q
2
hieu suat cua ong c H =
50% . Q
1
tang 10%; Q
2
giam 20%. Hieu suat H cua ong c nhiet tng ng la gia
tr nao di ay:
A. 64% B.54%
C.44% D.34%

25

1
HNG DAN GIAI VA AP AN
Cau 1:
ap an:B
Cau 2:
ap an: C
Cau 3:
ap an: A
Cau 4:
Hng dan giai
Ta co : t =
9
5
.(T
F
-32)
at: T = t, ta co : t =
9
5
.(t -32) t = T
F
= - 40
o
ap an: B
Cau 5:
Hng dan giai
Khoi lng cua 1 phan t nc la:
m
1
= 26,56.10
27
+ 2 . 1,67.10
27
= 29,9.10
-27
kg = 29,9.10
-24
g
So phan t nc trong 1 gam nc la:
n =
24
10 . 9 , 29
1
= 3,34.10
22
phan t
ap an: B
Cau 6: ap an: B Cau 7: ap an: D
Cau 8: ap an: A Cau 9: ap an: D
Cau 10:
Tra li
Ta co: T = t T = 10 K
ap an: A

Cau 11: ap an: D Cau 12: ap an: A
Cau 13: ap an: B Cau 14: ap an: C
Cau 15: ap an: B Cau 16: ap an: A
Cau 17:
ap an: C
Cau 18:
Hng dan giai
V the tch V = const nen:
T
P
= const
Neu T = 2T th:
' T
' P
=
T 2
' P
=
T
P
p = 2p
ap an: B
Cau 19:
Hng dan giai

2
V nhiet o T = T
0
= 270 K = const nen: pV = p
0
V
0
p =
V
V p
0 0
=
3
4 . 6
= 8 atm

ap an: A
Cau 20: ap an: B Cau 21: ap an: B
Cau 22: ap an: A Cau 23: ap an: A
Cau 28:
Tra li
Ta co: p = nkT vi T=const p n
ap an: B
Cau 29: ap an: A Cau 30: ap an: C
Cau 33:
Tra li
Ta co:
p
A
=
A
A
V
RT N
p
B
=
B
B
V
RT N
=
4
p
V . 2 . 2
RT N
A
A
A
=
ap an: C
Cau 34:
Tra li
Phng trnh pV = RT la phng trnh cua 1 mol kh l tng, muon ap dung cho kh
l tng th phan t phai c xem la chat iem muon the th mat o phan t phai
nho ngha la the tch phai ln.
ap an: C
Cau 35:
ap an: D
Cau 36:
ap an: C
Cau 37:
Tra li
Ta co ap suat kh trong hai bnh bang nhau. Do o:
p = n
1
kT
1
= n
2
kT
2
n
1
T
1
= n
2
T
2

Vay bnh nao co nhiet o cao hn se cha t nguyen t hn.
ap an: C

Cau 38: ap an: A Cau 39: ap an: D
Cau 44:
Tra li

3
Ta co:
1
1
T
V
=
2
2
T
V
; D =
V
m
V =
D
m

1 1
T D
m
=
2 2
T D
m

1
2
2
1
T
T
D
D
=

ap an: A
Hnh 1 c s dung cho cac cau 324; 325; 326.

Cau 45:
ap an: A
Cau 46:
ap an: B
Cau 47:
ap an: D
Cau 48:
Tom tat
m = 10 g; p = 3.10
5
N/m
2

; T = t + 273 = 283 K; V = ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co: lt 45 , 2 m 10 . 45 , 2
10 . 3 . 32
283 . 31 , 8 . 10
Mp
mRT
V RT
M
m
pV
3 3
5
= = = = =

ap an: D
Cau 49:
Tom tat
V = 12 lt = 12.10
-3
m
3
; T = t + 273 = 290 K; m = ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co: kg 130 , 1 g 1130 28 .
290 . 31 , 8
10 . 12 . 10 . 013 , 1 . 80
M
RT
pV
m RT
M
m
pV
3 5
= = = = =

p
T
(1)
p
T (2)
T
V (3)
V
T (4)
p
T (5)
p
V (6)
Hnh 1

4
ap an: A
Cau 50:
Tom tat
V
1
= 12 lt = 12.10
-3
m
3
; p
1
= 82 atm = 82.1,013.10
5
N/m
2
; T = t + 273 = 290 K
m
3
= m
1
- m
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co : RT
M
m
V p
1
1 1
=
Khoi lng kh nit cha trong bnh la:
kg 2 , 1 g 1200 28 .
280 . 31 , 8
10 . 12 . 10 . 013 , 1 . 82
M .
RT
V p
m
3 5
1 1
1
= = = =

Ta co: RT
M
m
V p va RT
M
m
V p
2
1 2
1
1 1
= =
2
41
82
m
m
m
m
p
p
2
1
2
1
2
1
= = =
Khoi lng kh con lai trong bnh la:
kg 6 , 0
2
m
m
1
2
= =
Khoi lng kh thoat ra la:
m
3
= m
1
m
2
= 0,6 kg
ap an: C
Cau 51:
Tom tat
m = 4,4 g; p = 2 atm; V = 1,64 lt; T = ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co: RT
M
m
pV =
K 400 44 .
31 , 8 . 4 , 4
10 . 64 , 1 . 10 . 013 , 1 . 2
M
mR
pV
T
3 5
= = =

ap an: A
Cau 52:
Tom tat
p
1
= 15 atm; T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 300 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 400 K; p
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
atm 20 15 .
300
400
p .
T
T
p
T
p
T
p
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
= = = =
ap an: B
Cau 53:
Tom tat
m = 10 g; T
1
= 360 K; V
1
= 2 lt = const; T
2
= 400 K; V
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
V dung tch cua bnh khong oi nen the tch cua khoi kh trong bnh khong oi V
1
=
V
2
= 2 lt

5
ap an: B
Cau 54:
Tom tat
m = 40 g; T = 360 K; p = 10 atm = 10.1,013.10
5
N/m
2
; V = ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co lt 69 , 3 m 10 . 69 , 3
10 . 013 , 1 . 10 . 32
360 . 31 , 8 . 40
Mp
mRT
V RT
M
m
pV
3 3
5
= = = = =

ap an: A
Cau 55:
Tom tat
V = 3,69 lt = 3,69.10
-3
m
3
; T = 432 K; m = ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co: g 40
432 . 31 , 8
10 . 69 , 3 . 10 . 013 , 1 . 12 . 32
RT
MpV
m RT
M
m
pV
3 5
= = = =

ap an: D
Cau 56:
Tom tat
p
1
= 2.10
4
N/m
2
; V
1
= 20 lt; T = const; p
2
= 5.10
4
N/m
2
; V
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
ay la qua trnh ang nhiet. Ap dung nh luat Boi-l Mariot:
lt 8
10 . 5
10 . 2
. 20
p
p
V V
V
V
p
p
4
4
2
1
1 2
1
2
2
1
= = = =
ap an: B
Cau 57:
Tom tat
m = 40 g; V
1
= 3,69 lt; p = 10 atm = const; V
2
= 4 lt; T
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co: RT
M
m
pV =
K 360 32
31 , 8 . 40
10 . 69 , 3 . 10 . 013 , 1 . 10
M
mR
pV
T
3 5
= = =

K 480 360 .
3
4
T
3
4
T
V
V
T
T
V
T
V
1 1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
= = = = =
ap an: C
Cau 58:
Tom tat
T = t + 273 = 300 K; p = 2,46 atm = 2,46.1,013.10
5
N/m
2
; D = ?
Hng dan giai
M
RT
D
M
RT
V
m
p RT
M
m
pV = = =
lt / g 2 , 0 m / g 200
300 . 31 , 8
2 . 10 . 013 , 1 . 46 , 2
RT
pM
D
3
5
= = = =
ap an: C

6
Cau 59:
Tom tat
p =2,46 atm = 2,46 . 1,013.10
5
N/m
2
; T = t + 273 = 400 K; D = ?
Hng dan giai
M
RT
D
M
RT
V
m
p RT
M
m
pV = = =
lt / g 4 , 2 m / g 10 . 4 , 2
400 . 31 , 8
32 . 10 . 013 , 1 . 46 , 2
RT
pM
D
3 3
5
= = = =
ap an: A
Cau 60:
Tom tat
T
0
= 273 K; p
0
= 1 atm; D
0

T = t + 273 = 300 K; p = 2 atm; D = ?D
0

Hng dan giai
Ap dung phng trnh trang thai kh l tng ta co:

o o 0
0
o o 0 0
T
M
R
D T
M
R
V
m
p RT
M
m
V p = = = (1)
Tng t T
M
R
D T
M
R
V
m
p = = (2)
T (1) va (2)
T
T
.
p
p
D D
T
T
D
D
p
p
o
0
0
0 0 0
= =

o o
D , . D D 82 1
300
273
1
2
= =
ap an: B
Cau 61:
Tom tat
T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 300 K; p
1
= 40 atm; m
2
=
2
m
1
; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 285 K; p
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
2
2
2 1
1
1
RT
M
m
V p va RT
M
m
V p = =
atm 19
300
285
.
2
1
. 40
T m
T m
p p
T m
T m
p
p
1 1
2 2
1 2
1 1
2 2
1
2
= = = =
ap an: D
Cau 62:
Tom tat
V = 12,46 lt; m = 7 g; T = 300 K; p = 5.10
4
N/m
2
; Kh g ?
Hng dan giai
Xac nh khoi lng phan t cua kh X
X
X
X
X X
RT
M
m
V p =

Vi m
X
= 7g; T
X
= 300K; V
X
= V; p
X
= 5.10
4
N/m
2

7
g 28 300 . 31 , 8 .
10 . 46 , 12 . 10 . 5
7
RT
V p
m
M
3 4
X
X
X
X
= = =

Vay kh X la kh nit
ap an: D
Cau 63:
Tom tat
V
b
= 2,5 lt; V
1
= 0,125 lt; p
1
=10
5
N/m
2
; T = p
b
= 2.10
5
N/m
2
; n = ? lan
Hng dan giai
Goi n la so lan bm vao qua bong , m khoi lng a vao qua bong moi lan bm.
Ta co:
RT
M
m
V p
1 1
= (1)
Goi m
b
la khoi lng kh a a vao qua bong e no co ap suat la P
2
. Ta co:
m . n m
b
=
RT
M
m
n RT
M
m
V p
b
b b
= = (2)
T (1) va (2), ta co:
P
b
V
b
= n.P
1
.V
1

40
125 , 0
5 , 2
10
10 . 2
V
V
.
p
p
n
5
5
1
b
1
b
= = = lan
ap an: D
Cau 64:
Tom tat
m
n
= 7 g; T
n
= t
n
+ 273 = 300 K; p
n
= 5,11.10
5
N/m
2

m
X
= 4 g; T
X
= t
X
+ 273 = 362 K; p
X
= 44,4.10
5
N/m
2

x = kh g?
Hng dan giai
Phng trnh trang thai kh l tng cho kh nit.
n
n
n
n
RT
M
m
V p = (1)
Phng trnh trang thai kh l tng cho kh x cha biet
x
x
x
x
RT
M
m
V p = (2)
Chia (2) cho (1) ta co:

g 2 28 x
) 27 273 (
) 53 273 (
7
4
10 . 4 , 44
10 . 11 . 5
M
M
T
T
m
m
p
p
M
T
T
m
m
.
M
M
p
p
5
5
x
n
n
x
n
x
x
n
x
x
n
x
n
n
x
x
n
=
+
+
=
= =

Kh x la kh hiro.
ap an: A
Cau 65:
Tom tat

8
V
1
V
2
=
10
1
V
1
; p
2
p
1
=
5
1
p
1
; T
2
= T
1
+ 16; T
1
= ?
Hng dan giai
Goi ap suat, the tch va nhiet o trang thai ban au la: p
1
, V
1
, T
1
Goi ap suat, the tch va nhiet o trang thai sau la: p
2
, V
2
, T
2
Ta co: V
2
= 0,9V
1
; T
2
= T
1
+ 16 p
2
= 1,2p
1
T phng trnh trang thai kh l tng ta co:
1
1 1
2
2 2
T
V . p
T
V p
= (1)
Theo e bai ta co:
16 T
V 9 , 0 . p 2 , 1
T
V p
1
1 1
2
2 2
+
= (2)
T (1) va (2) ta co:
1,08T
1
= T
1
+ 16 T
1
= 200
o
K
ap an: A
Cau 66:
Hng dan giai
Qua trnh ang nhiet, ap dung nh luat Boi-l Mariot ta co:
1
2
2
1
V
V
P
P
= (1)
Neu goi D
1
va D
2
la khoi lng rieng cua khoi kh m trang thai co the tch V
1
va
V
2
, ta co:
2
1
1
2
2 2 1 1
D
D
V
V
V D V D m = = = (2)
T (1) va (2) ta co:
2
1
1
2
2
1
D
D
V
V
p
p
= =
ap an: D
Cau 67:
ap an: D

Cau 68:
Tra li
Ta co: A Q U + =
ap an: C
Cau 69:
ap an:B
Cau 70:
Tra li
Nguyen l th nhat nhiet ong lc hoc co mang noi dung cua nh luat bao toan
nang lng. Ap dung cho cac he co trao oi nhiet, nhng co iem mi hn la noi
nang ch phu thuoc vao cac thong so p, V, T ma thoi.

9
ap an: D
Cau 71:
ap an: C
Cau 72:
Tom tat
m= 8 g; T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 300 K; p = const; V
2
= 2V
1
; A = ?
Hng dan giai
Ta co: m = 8 g; T
1
= 300K
Qua trnh ang ap, nen cong do kh thc hien:
A= pV = p(V
2
V
1
) = pV
1

kJ , J . , . RT
M
m
A 972 9 9972 300 31 8
2
8
1
= = = =
ap an: A
Cau 73:
ap an: C
Cau 74:
Tra li
A Q 0 U Neu
A U Q
= =
+ =

ap an: C

Cau 77: ap an: C Cau 78: ap an: C
Cau 81:
ap an: D
Cau 82:
Hng dan tra li
T R
M
m
2
i
U =
T R
M
m
PV RT
M
m
PV
const V
= =
=

V . P
2
i
U =
ap an: B
Cau 83:
Hng dan tra li
T R
M
m
2
i
U =
T R
M
m
V p RT
M
m
pV
const P
= =
=

V . p
2
i
U =

10
ap an: C
Cau 84: ap an: D Cau 85: ap an: B
Cau 86: ap an: C Cau 87: ap an: D
Cau 88:
Hng dan tra li
A U Q + =
0 A tch ang trnh qua Trong = :
T R
M
m
2
i
U Q = =
ap an: A

Cau 93:
ap an: B
Cau 94:
Tom tat
A = 100 J; Q = 200 J; U = ?
Hng dan giai
U = A + Q = 100 + 200 = 300 J
ap an: B
Cau 95:
Tom tat
J 400 U ; J 100 A = = ; Q = ?
Hng dan giai
J 500 ) 100 ( 400 Q A U Q = = =
ap an: B
Cau 96:
ap an: C
Cau 97:
Tom tat
m = 160 g; T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 323 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 333 K
V = const; A = ?
Hng dan giai
Cong ma khoi kh sinh ra:
A = p.V
Qua trnh ang tch:
V = 0 A = 0
ap an: A
Cau 98:
Tom tat
m = 160 g; T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 323 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 333 K
V = const; Q = ?

11
Hng dan tra li
Ta co A U Q + =
V A = 0 T R
M
m
2
i
U Q = =
J 75 , 1038 10 . 31 , 8
32
160
.
2
5
Q = = = 248,5 cal
ap an: D
Cau 99:
Tom tat
m = 200 g; T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 283 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 293 K
V = const; Q = ?
Hng dan giai
V A = 0
J 20775 10 . 31 , 8
2
200
2
5
T R
M
m
2
i
U Q = = = =
ap an: A
Cau 100:
Tom tat
m = 40 g; T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 293 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 303 K
V = const; U = ?
Hng dan giai
J 493 2 10 . 31 , 8
2
40
2
3
T R
M
m
2
i
U = = =
ap an: C
Cau 101:
Tom tat
m = 160 g; T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 333 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 343 K
p = const; A = ?
Hng dan giai
J 5 , 415 10 . 31 , 8 .
32
160
T R
M
m
V p A = = = =
ap an: B
Cau 102:
Tom tat
m = 220 g; T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 333 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 343 K
V = const; Q = ?
Hng dan giai
T R
M
m
1
2
i
T R
M
m
T R
M
m
2
i
A U Q
+ = + = + =
J 1662 10 . 31 , 8
44
220
1
2
6
Q =
+ =
ap an: C
Cau 103:

12
Tom tat
T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 323 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 333 K
p = const; Q = 1454,25 J; m = ?
Hng dan giai
T R
M
m
1
2
i
T R
M
m
T R
M
m
2
i
A U Q
+ = + = + =
m =
T R 1
2
i
M . Q

+
=
10 . 31 , 8 . 1
2
5
32 . 25 , 1454
+
= 160 g
ap an: B
Cau 104:
Tom tat
m = 320 g; p = const; Q = 2908,5 J ; T = ?
Hng dan giai

T R
M
m
1
2
i
T R
M
m
T R
M
m
2
i
A U Q
+ = + = + =
T =
mR 1
2
i
M . Q
+
=
31 , 8 . 320 . 1
2
5
32 . 5 , 2908
+
= 10 K
ap an: A
Cau 105:
Tom tat
m= 6,5 g; T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 300 K; V
2
= 2V
1
p = const; A = ?
Hng dan giai
K 300 T co Ta
1
=
K 600 T 2
T
T
T
T
V
V
ap ang
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
= = =
J 25 , 8102 300 . 31 , 8
2
5 , 6
T R
M
m
A = = =
ap an: A
Cau 106:
Tom tat
m = M = 1 mol; T
1
= T; T
2
= 2T
p = const; A = ?
Hng dan giai
( ) pV RT
M
m
T T 2 R
M
m
A = = =
ap an: A
Cau 107:
Tom tat

13
m = nM = n mol; V
1
= V; V
2
=
2
V

p = const; A = ?
Hng dan giai
2
pV
V
2
V
p A =
=
ap an: C
Cau 108:
Tom tat
V = 2 lt = 2.10
-3
m
3
; p
1
= 5.10
5
N/m
2
; p
2
= 4.10
5
N/m
2
; T = const; U = ?
Hng dan giai
V qua trnh ang nhiet nen Q = 0 U = A
Mat khac:
p
1
V
1
= p
2
V
2
U = A = p
1
V
1
- p
2
V
2
= 0
ap an: B
Cau 109:
Tom tat
V = 8,31 lt = 8,31.10
-3
m
3
= const; p
1
= 10
5
N/m
2

Q = 2100 J; p
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
0 A nen tch ang trnh qua V = :
2 5
1 2
2 5
3
m / N 10 . 2 p p p
m / N 10
6
2
.
10 . 4
2100
i
2
V
Q
p
V . p
2
i
T R
M
m
2
i
U Q
= + =
= = =
= = =

ap an: C
Cau 110:
Hng dan tra li
Ta co Q = U + A. T qua trnh thay oi cua he t trang thai au en trang thai
cuoi, ve tren mat phang P, V ta xac nh c cong A ta biet c trang thai au p
1
,
V
1
, T
1
va trang thai cuoi p
2
, V
2
, T
2
. T cac tham so trang thai ta tnh c U. T o
ta tnh c nhiet lng.
ap an: D
Cau 111:
Hng dan tra li
Ta co:
1
Q
A
H = Vi Q
1
= A + Q
2
1
2 1
Q
Q Q
H

=
ap an: D

Cau 112: ap an: C Cau 113: ap an: B
Cau 114: ap an: A Cau 115: ap an: B
Cau 116:

14
Hng dan tra li
Ngi ta a chng minh c hieu suat cua ong c nhiet lam viec theo chu trnh
Cac-no thuan nghch gom hai qua trnh ang nhiet va hai qua trnh oan nhiet co
hieu suat
1
2 1
T
T T
.Mat khac nguyen l hai nhiet ong lc hoc ta cung chng minh
c hieu suat nay khong phu thuoc cach che tao ong c va he thc hien chu
trnh. Cho nen cong thc tren la chung cho moi loai ong c thuan nghch chay vi
hai nguon nhiet.
ap an: A
Cau 117:
ap an: D
Cau 118:
ap an: B
Cau 119:
ap an: B
Cau 120:
Tom tat
Q
1
= 3,84.10
4
J ; Q
2
= 2,88.10
4
J; H = ?
Hng dan giai
% 25 25 , 0
10 . 84 , 3
10 . 88 , 2
1
Q
Q
1
Q
Q Q
H
4
4
1
2
1
2 1
= = = =
=
ap an: D
Cau 121:
ap an: D
Cau 122:
ap an: C
Cau 123:
Hng dan tra li
Dan lanh cua tu lanh (at trong tu) nhan nhiet lng:
Q
1
= Q
2
+ A > Q
2

Nhiet lng Q
1
lai c toa ra trong phong. A la cong thc hien bi ong c trong tu
lanh.
Nh vay phong nhan c nhiet lng: Q
1
- Q
2
= A > Q
2
va phong nong len.
ap an: A
Cau 124:
Tom tat
P = 10
4
W; t = 1 h = 3600 s; m = 10 kg; q = 35.10
6
J/kg; H = ?
Hng dan giai
Ta qui ve tnh cong A hi nc sinh ra trong 1 gi va nhiet hi nc nhan Q
1
trong
mot gi:
A= Pt va Q
1
= mq
% 10 1 , 0
10 . 35 . 10
3600 . 10000
mq
Pt
Q
A
H
6
1
= = = = =

15
ap an: A
Cau 125:
Tom tat
T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 473 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 373 K; H = ?
Hng dan giai
Hieu suat cua ong c nhiet l tng lam viec vi hai nhiet o tren.
% 20 2 , 0
473
373 473
T
T T
H
1
2 1
max
= =
=
ap an: C
Cau 126:
Tom tat
Q
2
= 80%Q
1
; H = ?
Hng dan giai
Theo au bai ta co Q
2
=0,8Q
1
, do o:
% 20 2 , 0 8 , 0 1
Q
Q
1 H
1
2
= = = =
ap an: A
Cau 127:
Tom tat
H = 20 %; T
1
= 400 K; T
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
Nhiet o cua nguon lanh. Ta co H = H
max
= 0,2
K 320 400 . 8 , 0 T 2 , 0
400
T
1
T
T
1 H
2
2
1
2
max
= = = =
ap an: B
Cau 128:
Tom tat
T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 400 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 300 K; A =5 kJ = 5 000 J; Q
1
= ?
Hng dan giai
% 25 25 , 0
400
300
1
T
T
1 H
1
2
= = =
Nhiet lng ong c nhan t nguon nong
kJ 20
25 , 0
5
H
A
Q
Q
A
H
1
1
= = = =
ap an: B
Cau 129:
Tom tat
T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 400 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 300 K; A =5 kJ = 5 000 J; Q
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
% 25 25 , 0
400
300
1
T
T
1 H
1
2
= = =

16
Nhiet lng ong c truyen cho nguon lanh
H
A
A Q Q
Q
A
H
2 1
1
= + = =
kJ 15 5
25 , 0
5
A
H
A
Q
2
= = =
ap an: D
Cau 130:
Tom tat
T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 400 K; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 300 K = T
2
; H = 30%; T
1
= ?
Hng dan giai
% 25 25 , 0
400
300
1
T
T
1 H
1
2
= = =
e hieu suat ong c at H= 30% = 0,3 gi nguyen nhiet o cua nguon lanh ta phai
tang nhiet o cua nguon nong en T
1
:
K 57 , 428
7 , 0
300
T
T
300
1 3 , 0
T
T
1 ' H
'
1
'
1
'
1
2
= = = =
ap an: B
Cau 131:
ap an: C
Cau 132:
Tom tat
T
1
= 400 K; T
2
= 300 K; Q
1
= 1 000 J; A
max
= ?
Hng dan giai
25 , 0 75 , 0 1
T
T
1 H
1
2
= = =
J 250 1000 . 25 , 0 Q . H A
Q
A
H
1 max
1
max
= = = =
ap an: B
Cau 133:
Tom tat
Q
1
= 1 000 J; A = 400 J; T
1
= t
1
+ 273 = 500 K; T
2
= ?
Hng dan giai
1
2
1
2
T
T
1
Q
Q
1 H = =
( ) K 200 227 273
1000
400
T
Q
Q
T
1
1
2
2
= + = =
ap an: C
Cau 134:
Tom tat
T
1
= 500 K; T
2
= 400 K; Q
1
= 6kJ = 6 000 J; t = 10 phut = 600 s; P = ?
Hng dan giai

17
Cong ong c nhiet thc hien trong 10 phut:
J 1200 6000 x 2 , 0 HQ A
Q
A
H
1
1
= = = =
W 2 P
600
1200
P = =
ap an: D
Cau 135:
Tom tat
Q
1
= 500 J; A = 200 J; T
2
= t
2
+ 273 = 280 K; T
1
= ?
Hng dan giai
1
2
1
2
T
T
1
Q
Q
1 H = =
( ) K 700 7 273
200
500
T
Q
Q
T
2
2
1
1
= + = =
ap an: D
Cau 136:
Hng dan tra li
H 1
T
T
T
T
1 H
1
2
1
2
= =
' H 1
T 2
T
' H 1
T
T
T
T
1 ' H
1
2
1
'
2
1
'
2
= = =
( )
2
H 1
' H ' H 1 H 1
2
1 +
= =
ap an: A
Cau 137:
Hng dan tra li
H 1
T
T
T
T
1 H
1
2
1
2
= =
' H 1
T 2
T
' T
T
1 ' H
1
2
1
2
= =
( ) 1 ' H 2 H ' H 1 H 1
2
1
= =
ap an: C
Cau 138:
Hng dan tra li
1
'
1
1
2
1
2
T 2 T 1
' T
T
1 2 )
T
T
1 ( 1 ' H 2 H =
= =
ap an: A
Cau 139:
Hng dan giai
Ta co:
1
2
Q
Q
1 H = se tang ; neu
1
2
Q
Q
giam

18
Q
1
va Q
2
tang nhng Q
2
tang t hn, ta co:
Q
1
=1,1Q
1
va Q
2
=1,2Q
2

1
2
1
2
Q
Q
09 , 1 1
Q 1 , 1
Q 2 , 1
1 ' H = =
Ta co: H=50% 5 , 0
Q
Q
1
2
=
45 0 5 0 09 1 1 09 1 1
1
2
, , . ,
Q
Q
, ' H = = = = 45 %
ap an: B
Cau 140:
Hng dan giai
Ta co
1
2
Q
Q
1 H = ;
1
2
1 1
8 0
1
Q ,
Q ,
' H =
Ta co H = 50% 5 , 0
Q
Q
1
2
=
64 0 5 0 73 0 1
1 1
8 0
1
1
2
, , . ,
Q ,
Q ,
' H = = =
ap an: A

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5

CHNG I ONG HOC CHAT IEM

cung phng chieu vi v

. Tc la: a.v > 0 hay

cung phng, ngc chieu vi v

. Tc la: a.v < 0

vec t tia thi iem t

vec t tia thi iem t

va hng ve tam cua qu ao chuyen ong nen goi la gia

cung phng, ngc chieu vi van toc keo

vuong goc vi van toc keo theoV

theo toa o x,y,z.

cung phng, chieu vi vec t van toc v

cung phng, ngc chieu vi vec t van toc v

tiep tuyen vi qu ao chuyen ong.

cung phng, ngc chieu vi vec t van toc v

co gia tr a cang am th van toc cua vat giam cang

co gia tr a cang am th van toc cua vat giam

m/s B. 2,4 m/s

luon nam trong mat tiep xuc gia hai vat.

co phng, chieu ngc chieu vi ngoai lc tac dung.

so vi he qui chieu quan tnh,

. Lc nay goi la lc quan tnh:

cung phng chieu vi vec t van toc v

cung phng chieu, ngc vi vec t van toc v

co gia tr a cang am th van toc cua vat giam cang

hng theo chieu am qu ao.

tong hp lc cua chung la:

cung o ln cung phng nhng ngc chieu nen tong hp lc cua

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