Nội Dung Ôn Tập Không Dây

1 Hng Dn Thc Hnh Truyn thng khng dy-k10
Cu 1:
V li m hnh QPSK, BPSK
Tc bit, baud, bng thng bao nhiu?
BER theo Eb/No bao nhiu?
Thit k b c lng SNR
V d: thit k h thng dung QPSK tc 1Mbps. V BER theo Eb/No bng BER tool
sau kim chng vi l thuyt.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bi lm:
BPSK qua knh truyn AWGN
- Boud =bit rate
- BW=baud
QPSK qua knh truyn AWGN:
- Boud=bit rate/2
- BW=baud
M hnh BPSK:
Tnh BER theo Eb/No bng bertool:

V BER theo Eb/No nh sau:
Ch : Number of errors v number of bits trn y nn bng thng s Target num ber
of error v Maximun number of symbol trong khi Error Rate Calculation.

V thm 1 ng l thuyt na:

Kt qu tng trng nh sau:

Thit lp m hnh tnh SNR:
Ch : Trng hp m hnh chng ta lm th SNR = Es/No nn ch cn thit lp m
hnh tnh SNR l . (Thy ni)
M hnh QPSK:
M hnh QPSK tc 1Mbpss
Cn khi tnh SNR th ging nh m hnh trn BPSK
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bi 2: knh truyn fading
Cho cc thng s, tnh:
Cohenence BW
Cohenrence time
Loi tc ng knh truyn?(phng, chn lc tn s, nhanh, chm)
V d:
Thit k h thng QPSK 1Mbps qua knh truyn c tr [0 6 9]*10^-6 s, p ng trn
tng ng l [0 -3 -6]dB. nh gi loi tc ng knh truyn?
c ngha l:
phi dng matlab v ra p ng v thi gian v tn s.
Dng tnh ton suy ra loi knh truyn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Gii quyt:
Cc cng thc s dng:
( )
( )
.
k k
k
k
k
P
P
t t
t
t
=

( )
( )
2
2
.
k k
k
k
k
P
P
t t
t
t
=

( )
2
2
t
o t t =
Trong cng thc trn,t l gii hn tr trung bnh,
t
o l tr hiu dng
Ch , P tnh theo giai W nn khi cho dB phi chuyn ngc li theo cng thc
sau:
( )
10
( ) 10log W A dB P =

10
(W) 10
A
P =
Mt s cng thc khc:
Coherent time:
0
1
2 2
c
m
c
T
f vf
= =
Coherent BW:
1
5
c
B
o
=

Symbol Period:
1
s
T
bitrate
=
i vi BPSK
2
s
T
bitrate
=
i vi QPSK

Doppler Spread:
D m
B f =
Bandwidth of the signal:
s
B =boud rate
Loi tc ng ti knh truyn:

V d: Thit k h thng QPSK 1Mbps qua knh truyn c tr [0 6 9]*10^-6 s, p ng
trn tng ng l [0 -3 -6]dB. nh gi loi tc ng knh truyn? gi s 40
d
f Hz = , v
sample per frame=20.
Ta thit lp m hnh nh sau:

Kt qu m phng:
QPSK:

Nhn xt: c nhiu frame u c nhiu nh sng nn l chn lc tn s v thay i
u nhau theo thi gian nn l slow.

BPSK:

Nhn xt: ging QPSK trn
Ch thch thm:
Flat: cc frame ch c mt nh sng
Fast: Cc tn hiu trn cc frame thay i khc nhau.
Tnh ton theo l thuyt:
6 0,3 6 0,6
6
0,3 0,6
0.1 6.10 .10 9.10 .10
3.10
1 10 10
t

+ +
= =
+ +
s
2 6 2 0,3 6 2 0,6
2 11
0,3 0,6
0 .1 (6.10 ) .10 (9.10 ) .10
2,19.10
1 10 10
s t

+ +
= =
+ +

( )
2
11 6 6
2,19.10 3.10 3, 6.10
t
o

= = s
6
1 1
55684
5 5*3, 6.10
c
B Hz
o

= = =

&
S C s c
B B T T > <
cho QPSK
1000000
S
B Hz =
cho BPSK

6
1
2.10
500000
s
T

= =
cho QPSK
6
1
1.10
1000000
s
T

= =
cho BPSK

2
1 1
1, 25.10
2. 2.40
c
m
T
f

= = =

So snh: &
S C s c
B B T T > <
Knh truyn chn lc tn s v Slow cho c QPSK v BPSK

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bi 3: B cn bng_ZF
Thit k b cn bng dng Zero-forcing
M hnh:

M hnh ny ang s dng chui training sequence c chiu di nn khi submatrix
c thit lp nh sau:

Do sau khi qua iu ch QPSK th chiu di chui tn hiu cn li , tc 256 cn
128, do yu cu chui trainning l nn ch ly ca 128 m thi, ngha l c th
ly index t first cho ti index=64. Nu yu cu chui trainning l th index=32,
1/8 th index=16.
Nu index=32 th khi matrix concatenate phi thay i Number of inputs=4
Nu index=16 th khi matrix concatenate phi thay i Number of inputs=8
Gii thch m hnh:


Gii thch m hnh: M hnh ny so snh cht lng ca tn hiu qua knh fading v
qua b cn bng. Tm chia m hnh thnh 2 phn A v B nh trn.
Phn A: Tn hiu c iu ch QPSK truyn qua knh truyn fading, sau c gii
iu ch ta c tn hiu thu. Qua m phng ta thy, tn hiu thu c b sai gn nh
hon ton (BER kh ln).
Phn B: Tn hiu qua b cn bng, c th gii thch c th m hnh nh sau:
Nh trn m hnh, nhnh 1 l tn hiu X c c lng nh b training sequence
(trong matlab l Submatrix) v c chuyn t min thi gian sang min tn s nh b
FFT, nhnh 2 l tn hiu Y c c lng v chuyn sang min tn s. Nhnh 3 l tn
hiu Y ban u c chuyn sang min tn s. Nhnh 4 l tn hiu p ng knh truyn
ca b training l H, c tnh bng b chia Y/X. p ng H ca h thng (nhnh 4)
c to ra bng cch nhn i H. Tn hiu chng ta cn l X (v mong mun HH,
XX)
Ta c quan h sau: X=(Y)/H=(H*X)/H
V vy, X c to ra ti nhnh 6 bng b chia vi ng vo l nhnh 3 v 5.

Kt qu sau khi qua b cn bng: tn hiu thu chnh xc so vi tn hiu pht.
Bi 4: OFDM
Trng hp qua knh AWGN (t v)
Trng hp qua knh fading (t v khi demodulation)
M hnh:
Khi OFDM modulation

Khi AWGN

OFDM demodulation
Kt qu BER vi SNR = 10 Ph Spectrum

Trng hp qua knh fading (t v khi demodulation)
M hnh :

Data source :

Do trong m h nh ny ta s dng b mapper QPSK nn ngun pht tn hiu s to ra tn hiu
dng 4 bc, 2 bit, tc sample l 192kHz, c ng gi vo frame ng ra, mi frame 192
sample. nh dng ng ra l double.
IQ Mapper


B IQ mapper s dng iu ch QPSK nh x thng tin ln cc cm sao dng QPSK sau
iu ch OFDM. Ta gi b ny l b mapper ch khng l b modulator v lc ny iu ch
QPSK ch c nhim v nh x cc bit thng tin ch cha a ln sng mang truyn i nn ch
c th gi l b mapper.
OFDM modulation

Rayleigh

OFDM demodulator

Ng ra a vo IQ demapper l ly t out, ng ra out1 ko c b cn bng nn gii iu ch s
b li,mun xem c li hay khng th ra ngoi khi ln i ng tn hiu ra a vo IQ demapper
s thy

Ng ra out1 pha trn l ng ra b gii iu ch khng c cn bng, ng ra out bn di l ng ra
c b cn bng. Phn gii iu ch khng c cn bng c tnh by trong phn knh truyn
AWGN, y s gii thiu phn gii iu ch c cn bng.
y l b gip a vo cc pilot bit trc(c truyn i u pht).

Equalizer2

Ta c th thy in1 l ng vo ly t tn hiu nhn c u thu, sau khi qua select rows s ly
li c thng tin pilot sau khi i qua knh truyn, tm gi l Y pilot, sau em chia cho cc
bit pilot bit trc, tm gi l X. Sau khi ly Y pilot chia X c p ng ca pilot. Tip p
ng ny s c a n khi MATLB function x l. Ni dung ca function ny l ni suy
ra p ng knh truyn. pilot
function output = channel_estimation(input)
% No_pilot = input(1);

H_pilot = input;
(Ng vo ca hm c lng knh truyn l p ng xung ca pilot)
H_pilot =H_pilot'
(Chuyn v ma trn p ng xung pilot)
%
% No_of_symbol = input(No_pilot+2);
No_pilot = 8;(S pilot l 8)
%H_pilot = [ 1, 1.2, 1, 1.3,1, 1.2, 1, 1.3]
%
No_of_symbol = 1; (S symbol l 1)

vitri_pilot = [41, 66, 91, 116, 142, 167, 192, 217];
% Tach pilot ra
% % Pilot_Rx = OFDM_symbol_Rx(:,vitri_pilot);
% % pilot_symbol = getappdata(0,'pilot_symbol');
% %
% % for i = 1:No_of_symbol
% % H_pilot(i,:) = Pilot_Rx(i,:) ./ pilot_symbol(i,:);
% % end
% %
% % %recover pilot
% % Pilot_Tx(i,:) = Pilot_Rx(i,:) ./ H_pilot(i,:);
% % end
vitri_data = [29:229];
% interp_method = 'linear';
% interp_method = 'nearest';
interp_method = 'spline';(Phng php ni suy l spline)
% interp_method = 'pchip';

% Day la cach moi thuc hien xai tot voi Spline
for i = 1:12
H_dau(i) = H_pilot(1);
H_cuoi(i) = H_pilot(end);
pilot
(Do 12 bit thng tin u v cui symbol khng c pilot nn cn copy p ng
pilot u tin thnh p ng pilot 12 bit u=>d dng ni suy)
end
vitri_pilot_temp = [[29:40], vitri_pilot, [218:229]];
% % temp_a = [H_dau(i,:), H_pilot(i,:), H_cuoi(i,:)];
% % pp_real = interp1(vitri_pilot_temp,real(temp_a),interp_method,'pp');
% % H_est_real(i,:) = ppval(pp_real,vitri_data);
% % pp_imag = interp1(vitri_pilot_temp,imag(temp_a),interp_method,'pp');
% % H_est_imag(i,:) = ppval(pp_imag,vitri_data);
% % H_est(i,:) = complex(H_est_real(i,:),H_est_imag(i,:));

temp_a = [H_dau, H_pilot, H_cuoi];(Ma trn p ng ca pilot)
pp_real = interp1(vitri_pilot_temp,real(temp_a),interp_method,'pp');
(Hm ni suy phn thc ca p ng pilot)
H_est_real= ppval(pp_real,vitri_data);
(Kt qu ni suy phn thc ca knh truyn)
pp_imag = interp1(vitri_pilot_temp,imag(temp_a),interp_method,'pp');
H_est_imag= ppval(pp_imag,vitri_data);
H_est = complex(H_est_real,H_est_imag)

% % OFDM_symbol_Tx = zeros(No_of_symbol,256);
% % OFDM_symbol_Tx(i,vitri_data) = OFDM_symbol_Rx(i,vitri_data) ./
H_est(i,:);
% % end
%****************
% OUTPUT
%****************
H_est=H_est';(Chuyn v ma trn p ng knh truyn c ni suy)
output = H_est;

Ly tn hiu thu c sau khi i qua knh truyn (Y) chia p ng knh truyn (H_est) c
thng tin c truyn i.

Thng tin i qua cc b select rows tch pilot.
IQ demapper Discrete time scartter plot

Bi 5: tri ph
T v cho 2 ngi dng

Ch :
Khi Repeating Sequence Stair: Trong bi tri ph gp 3 ln, nn sample time nh
hn sample time ca khi Random Interger 3 ln(tn s tng gp 3 ln).
Khi Intergate and Dump: Cng tch ly k bit li theo nguyn tc a s: 0010,
1101, sau khi cng xong reset li 0. Vi k l s bit tri ph.
Intergation period: s bit tri ph (k).
Nguyn tc hot ng ca h thng da theo cng thc sau:
u pht:
1 1 2 2
(x)*C (x) (x)*C (x) M M +
u thu 1:
1 2 2 1 1
[ (x)*C (x) (x)*C (x)]*C (x) M (x) M M + =
u thu 2:
1 2 2 2 2
[ (x)*C (x) (x)*C (x)]*C (x) M (x) M M + =
Kho st BER trong cc trng hp.
TH1: d liu v code 2 user ging nhau: Khng c bit sai.
TH2: D liu 2 user khc nhau m ging nhau: u thu phc hi li sai.
TH3: D liu 2 user khc nhau, m trc giao nhau: khng c bit sai.

S dng m Hadamard to m cho 2 user.
Khi Hadamard Code Generator: to ra m Hadamard t ma trn Hadamard. Trong
ma trn Hadamard l mt ma trn vung NxN,vi N l s c dng 2
n
(n: nguyn dng)
m cc hng ca n trc giao vi nhau.
Code length: S dng 2 m, chiu di ca Hadamard(N).
Code index: l mt s nguyn dng c ln t 0 n N-1(xc nh ly hng thu my
trong ma trn Hadamard lm code).
Sample time: thi gian ly mu phi b hn thi gian ly mu ca d liu thng tin N ln.
Frame-base output.
Samples per frame.
Chc nng ca khi Raise Cosine Transmit Filter: dng lc. Thng tin trong
matlab sau khi iu ch vn l sng vung, a v c dng sine th cn dng
b lc ny, lc ny bng

thng s bng (1 r)
2
B
+ , l tng th r = 0, vy r cng nh th b lc ny cng l tng,
tuy nhin bng thng s nh. Thng s Up Sampling Factor(N): 1 mu th khng c
kh nng nn, cho nn cn nhiu mu gp li n nn s mu cn gp li l up
sampling factor. Thng s Group delay: xc nh tr ca ng ra so vi ng vo
bao nhiu xung.
M hnh:


Bi 6: Bluetooth_tri ph nhy tn
M hnh:

Gii thch cc thng s:
Khi Binary Generator:
To chui bit vo c thi gian ly mu 1,5e-6, Mi
frame c 10 mu.

Cu hi t ra l yu cu bi tc l 1Mbps, m y ch thit lp 1,5e-6 tc l
1/(1,5e-6)= 6.6667e+005=0.7 Mbps, ti sao?
Tr li: c 10 my trn 1 frame, nn ng vo khi m ha vng l 10, nhng ng ra li
ti 15, nhanh 1,5 ln, nn tc sau khi qua khi Cyclic Encoder =
(6.6667e+005)*1,5=1Mbps
Khi Cyclic Encoder:
m ha knh Hamming (15,10), vo 10, ra
15; to ra 1 m vng
Codeword length N: chui m u ra, c
dng 2
M
-1 vi M 3.
Message length K: a thc sinh (chui u
vo), do khi Bernoulli Binary c u ra l
frame, nn K phi l 1 a thc sinh.

Khi Buffer:
Nhm 625 bt li trong 1 frame (chun chung)

Khi Signal From Workspace - to tn s
nhy:
Randint(1,100,78): to ma trn 1 dng
100 ct, cc gi tr chn ngu nhin t 0-
78.
Sample time: Thi gian ly mu 1/1600
=> trong 1 giy nhy 1600 ln. (Theo yu
cu bi)

Khi FH/CPM Modulator:
cung cp s nhy tn (1600 ln
1 giy), iu ch GFSK (iu
ch tn s Gaussian).


GFSK Modulation (khi CPM Modulator
Baseband):
Thc cht l iu ch CPM (iu ch pha
lin tc). y, hnh dng xung l dng
Gaussian (frequency pulse shape).
M-ary number: 2 (2
k
vi k=1), chn input
type l bit th khi ny s nhm k=1 bit li, 1
nhm k bit nh vy gi l 1 binary word (1
sample lc ny tng ng ang l 1 bit), sau
s iu ch theo mi nhm k bit.
Samples per symbol: l h s upsampling,
dng tng chiu di chui ng ra. Do ng
vo l framebased, nn ta c:
- Output sample time = input sample
time
- Output length = (sample ng vo =
625) * 100 = 62500

Khi M-FSK Modulator
Baseband - Generate
79 possible carriers
-39MHz to 39MHz:

M-ary: s tn s trong tn hiu
c iu ch (79 l 79 knh tn
s).
Input type: do M-ary mnh mong
mun l 79 knh tn s, nn phn
ny phi Integer, nu mun
Bit th M-ary phi l s ly tha
ca 2.

Frequency Separation: khong cch gia cc tn s k tip nhau (1MHz).
Phase Continuity: chn l Continuous th tn hiu c iu ch s thay i
pha lin tc khi tn s thay i.
Samples per symbol: s sample u ra.
u ra ca GFSK Modulation v khi to tn s nhy phi c chung 1 lng
sample output, v vy nn khi qua b nhn, mi tn hiu ra s c gn vi 1 tn
s ring v truyn i.
Khi AWGN:

Khi Selector: Ly 512 mu
hin th scope


Gii iu ch FH-FM:

Cc thnh phn:
Khi M-FSK Modulator Baseband (Generate 79 possible carriers -39MHz to 39MHz)
Khi Math:

Khi M-FSK Demodulator Baseband M-FSK Demodulator Baseband

Khi buffer: Khi Delay:

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Nội Dung Ôn Tập Không Dây

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1 Hng Dn Thc Hnh Truyn thng khng dy-k10

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