Giai Bai Tap Ly Thuyet Tin Hieu

Bi tp L Thuyt Tn Hiu su tm bi Trn Vn Thng
Trang 1
Bi 1.1. Hy tnh tch phn, nng lng, rng trung bnh ca cc tn hiu
sau y:
a) ( ) ( ) t t x = d) ( )
t
te t x

=
b) ( )
2
t
e t x

= e) ( ) ( ) ( ) t e t e t x
t t
1 1
2
+ =
c) ( )
2
1
1
t
t x
+
= f) ( )
|
\
|
=
3
cos
t
t t x
Gii
a)Tch phn ca tn hiu l:
[ ] ( )

= dt t x x ( ) ( )

+ + =
0
1
1
0
1 1 dt t dt t
( )
=
1
0
1 2 dt t
1
0
2
2
1
|
\
|
= t t
|
\
|
=
2
1
1 2 1 =
Nng lng ca tn hiu l:
( ) [ ]

= dt t x
Ex
2
( ) dt t
=
1
0
2
1 2
( )
1
0
3
1
3
2
t
=
3
2
=
b) ( )
2
t
e t x

=
*Tch phn ca tn hiu l:
[ ] ( )

= dt t x x
( )
= dt e
t
2

t I
( )
= dt e
t
2

dy e dx e I
y x

=
2

( )
dxdy e
y x
+
=
2 2

t cos r x = v sin r y =
Trang 2

=
0
2
0
2
2
rdr e d I
r
=
0
2
2
2
1
2 dr e
r
2
0
r
e

=
1 =
1 = I
*Nng lng ca tn hiu l:
( ) [ ]

= dt t x
Ex
2 ( )
= dt e
t
2
2

t M
( )
= dt e
t
2
2

dy e dx e M
y x

=
2 2
2 2 2

( )
dxdy e
y x
+
=
2 2
2

t cos r x = v sin r y =

=
0
2
2
0
2
2
rdr e d M
r
=
0
2 2
2
2
1
2 dr e
r
2
2
2
1
0
r
e

=

2
1
=
( ) [ ]

= dt t x
Ex
2
M =
2
2
=
c) ( )
2
1
1
t
t x
+
=
* Tch phn ca tn hiu l:
[ ]

= + =
=
+
=

2 2
1
1
) (
2
acrtgt dt
t
t x

* Nng lng ca tn hiu l:
( ) [ ]

= dt t x
Ex
2
=

+
dt
t
2 2
) 1 (
1

Trang 3
t tgu t =
( )
( )
2 4
1
2 2 sin
4
1
) 1 2 (cos
2
1
cos
cos
1
cos
cos
1
) 1 (
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2 2 2
= + =
+ = + =
= =
+
=
u u du u
udu du
u
u
du
u u tg
E
x

d) ( )
t
te t x

=
[ ]
( ) ( )
0 1 1
0
0
0
0
= + =
+ + =
+ =

t t t t
t t
e te e te
dt te dt te x

( ) [ ]

= dt t x
Ex
2

2
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
0
2 2 2 2
0
2 2 2 2
0
2 2
0
2 2
= + =
|
\
|
+ + |
\
|
+ =
+ =

t t t t t t
t t
e te e t e te e t
dt e t dt e t

e) ( ) ( ) ( ) t e t e t x
t t
1 1
2
+ =
Trang 4
[ ]
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
0
0
2
0
0
2
= + = =
+ =

t t
t t
e e
dt e dt e x

( ) [ ]

= dt t x
Ex
2

4
3
2
1
4
1
2
1
4
1
0
2
0
4
0
2
0
4
= + = =
+ =

t t
t t
e e
dt e dt e

f) ( )
|
\
|
=
3
cos
t
t t x
[ ]
2 1 1 sin
cos
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
= = =
=
t
tdt x

( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
2
3
3 3
4
1
2 cos 2
4
1
2 sin 1
2
1
cos
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
= + =
+ =
= =
=
t t
dt t tdt
dt t x
Ex

Trang 5
Bi 1.2 Dng in i(t) = Ie
t
1(t) chy qua in tr R .Hy tm :
a )Nng lng tiu hao trn in tr R trong khong t(0;)
b )Nng lng tiu hao trn in tr R trong khong t(0;1/)

Gii
a)Nng lng tiu hao trn in tr R trong khong t(0;) l:
E = ) ( ) (
2
0
t d t i R

= ) (
2
0
t d Ie R
t

= ) (
2
0
2
t d e RI
t
0
2
2
2
t
e
RI

= ) 1 0 (
2
2

RI

=
2
2
RI

b)Nng lng tiu hao trn in tr R trong khong t(0;1/) l :

E = ) ( ) (
2
/ 1
0
t d t i R

= ) (
2
/ 1
0
t d Ie R
t

= ) (
2
/ 1
0
2
t d e RI
t
/ 1
0
2
2
2
t
e
RI

= ) 1 (
2
2
2
e
RI

=
2
865 . 0
2
RI

Trang 6
Bi 1.3
Hy tm thnh phn chn , l ca cc tn hiu sau y v chng minh
rng cc thnh phn ny trc giao , nng lng ca tn hiu bng tng cc
nng lng thnh phn:

Gii

a)Ta c:
x(t) = A ( 1-
T
t
)[ 1(t)-1(t-T) ]
* Thnh phn chn ca tn hiu l:
x
ch
=
2
1
[x(t) + x(-t)]
=
2
1
(A ( 1-
T
t
)[ 1(t)-1(t-T)] + A ( 1+
T
t
)[ 1(-t)- 1(-t-T)] )
=
2
1
A
|
\
|
T
t

* Thnh phn l ca tn hiu l
x
le
=
2
1
(A ( 1-
T
t
)[ 1(t)-1(t-T)] - A ( 1+
T
t
)[ 1(-t)-1(-t-T)] )
=
2
1
A
|
\
|
T
t
sgn(t)

Xt tch v hng sau
dt t x t x
T
T
le ch
) ( * ) (

=
4
1
A
2
+
T
T
dt
T
t
T
t
] ) 1 ( ) 1 [(
2 2
=0
thnh phn ny trc giao
Trang 7
E
x
= A
2
dt
T
t
T
2
0
) 1 (
= A
2
(t-
T
t
2
+
T
t
3
3
)
T
0
= A
2
3
T

Nng lng ca tn hiu thnh phn chn:
E
ch
=
4
1
A
2
( dt
T
t
T
2
0
) 1 (
+ + dt
T
t
T
2
0
) 1 (
) =
4
1
A
2
3
2T
=A
2
6
T

Nng lng ca tn hiu thnh phn l l:
E
le
=
4
1
A
2
( dt
T
t
T
2
0
) 1 (
+ + dt
T
t
T
2
0
) 1 (
) = A
2
6
T

E
x
= E
ch
+ E
le
= A
2
3
T

b) Ta c
x(t) = e
t
1(t)


x
ch
(t) =
2
1
[e
t
1(t) + e
t
1(-t)]=
2
1
e
t

* Thnh phn l ca tn hiu l:
Trang 8

x
le
(t) =
2
1
[e
t
1(t) - e
t
1(-t)]=
2
1
e
t
sgn(t)
Xt tch v hng sau
dt t x t x
le ch
) ( * ) (

=
4
1
dt t e t e
t t
)] ( 1 ) ( 1 [
2 2

= -
4
1
dt e
t

0
2
+
4
1
dt e
t
0
2

=
8
1
(-e
t 2
0

+ e
t 2

0
)= 0

E
x
= dt e
t
0
2

= -
2
1
e
t 2

0
=
2
1

E
ch
=
4
1
(

0
2
dt e
t
+ dt e
t
0
2
)=
4
1

Nng lng ca tn hiu thnh phn l l:
E
le
=
4
1
( dt e
t

0
2
+ dt e
t
0
2
)=
4
1

Ta c E
x
= E
ch
+E
le
=
2
1

c) x(t) = e
t
sin( t )1(t)
Trang 9


x
ch
=
2
1
[ e
t
sin( t )1(t) - e
t
sin( t )1(-t) ]
=
2
1
e
t
sin( t )sgn(t)

x
le
=
2
1
[ e
t
sin( t )1(t) + e
t
sin( t )1(-t) ]
Trang 10
=
2
1
e
t
sin( t )
Xt tch v hng sau:
dt t x t x
le ch
) ( * ) (

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
) ( 2 ) ( 2 8
1
2 cos
8
1
2 cos
8
1
16
1
2 cos 1
8
1
2 cos 1
8
1
sin
4
1
sin
4
1
2 2 2 2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2 2
0
2 2
=
(
+
=
+ |
\
|
+ =
=
=

tdt e tdt e e e
dt t e dt t e
dt t e dt t e
t t t t
t t
t t


) (
1
) ( sin
2 2
0
2 2

+
+ =
=
dt t e E
t

) ( 2 2
1
) ( 4 4
1
) ( 4 4
1
) ( sin
4
1
) ( sin
4
1
2 2
2 2 2 2
0
2 2
0
2 2

+
+ =
+
+ +
+
+ =
+ =

dt t e dt t e E
t t
ch

Nng lng ca tn hiu thnh phn l:
) ( 2 2
1
) ( 4 4
1
) ( 4 4
1
) ( sin
4
1
) ( sin
4
1
2 2
2 2 2 2
0
2 2
0
2 2

+
+ =
+
+ +
+
+ =
+ =

dt t e dt t e E
t t
le

Ta c E
x
= E
ch
+E
le

Trang 11
d) x(t) = (t+1)
2

2
t


x
ch
=
2
1
[(t+1)
2

2
t
+ (1-t)
2

2
t
]
= (t
2
+1)
2
t


x
le
=
2
1
[(t+1)
2

2
t
- (1-t)
2

2
t
]
= 2t
2
t

Xt tch v hng sau:
dt t x t x
le ch
) ( * ) (

0 1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
) 1 ( 2
1
1
2 4
1
1
2
= + = |
\
|
+ =
+ =
t t
dt t t


Trang 12
3
8
2
3
4
5
2
2
3
2
5
1
) 1 4 2 4 (
) 1 2 (
) 1 (
1
1
2 3 4 5
1
1
2 3 4
1
1
2 2
1
1
4
= + + =
|
\
|
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + =
+ =
t t t t t
dt t t t t
dt t t
dt t E

15
56
2
3
4
5
2
3
2
5
1
) 1 2 (
) 1 (
1
1
3 5
1
1
2 4
1
1
2 2
= + + =
|
\
|
+ + =
+ + =
+ =
t t t
dt t t
dt t E

Nng lng ca tn hiu thnh phn l:
3
8
3
4
4
1
1
3
1
1
2
= =
=
t
dt t E

Ta c E
x
E
ch
+E
le

Bi 1.4. Hy tm thnh phn chn, l ca cc tn hiu sau. Trong mi trng
hp hy chng minh rng cc thnh phn trc giao v cng sut trung
bnh ca mi tn hiu bng tng cng sut trung bnh thnh phn.
a)
t j
e t x

= ) (
b) ) ( 1 ) ( t t x =
c) ) ( 1 ) 1 ( ) ( t e t x
t
=
d)
|
\
|
=
2
1
) ( t t x
Trang 13
e)
|
\
|
+ =
4
cos ) (

t A t x
Gii

a)
t j
e t x

= ) (
Thnh phn chn ca tn hiu l:
t e e t x
t j t j
ch

cos ] [
2
1
) ( = + =

Thnh phn l ca tn hiu l:
t j e e t x
t j t j
l

sin ] [
2
1
) ( = =

Xt tch v hng
dt t j t
dt x x
l ch
) sin ( cos
+

+

=

0 sin
2
1
) (sin ) sin (
1
0
2
0
= =
=
T
T
t
j
t d t j

Vy hm trc giao.

( ) [ ] 0 1 4 cos
4
1
) 1 (
4
1
2
1 1
.
1
4
0
2
0
2
= =
=
(
=
=
j
e
j
e
j T
dt e
T
p
j
T
t j
T
t j
x

Nng lng thnh phn chn ca tn hiu l:
Trang 14
2
1
) 2 sin 2 (
2
1
2
1
) 2 cos 1 (
2
1
) ( cos
1
0
0
0
2
=
+ =
+ =
=
T
T
T
x
t t
T
dt t
T
dt t
T
p
ch

Nng lng thnh phn l ca tn hiu l:
2
1
) 2 sin 2 (
2
1
2
1
) 2 cos 1 (
2
1
) ( sin
1
0
0
0
2
=
=
=
=
T
T
T
x
t t
T
dt t
T
dt t
T
P
l

l ch
x x x
p p p + =

b) ) ( 1 ) ( t t x =

2
1
) ( = t x
ch

)] ( 1 ) ( 1 [
2
1
) ( t t t x
l
=

Xt tch v hng
0 )] ( 1 ) ( 1 [
4
1
) ( *
2 2
2
1
= =
t t dt t x x
l
t
t
ch

Trang 15
Vy hm trc giao.

= =
T
T
x
dt
T
p
0
0
2
1
1
2
1
lim


4
1
4
1
2
1
lim
0
= =

dt
T
p
T
T
T
x
ch


4
1
]
4
1
2
1
4
1
2
1
[
0
0
0
lim
= + =

dt
T
dt
T
p
T
T
T
x
l

l ch
x x x
p p p + =

c) ) ( 1 ) 1 ( ) ( t e t x
t
=

) 1 (
2
1
) (
t
ch
e t x

=

)] ( 1 ) 1 ( ) ( 1 ) 1 [(
2
1
) (
t e t e x
t t
t l

=

Trang 16
2
1
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1
2
1 2
2
1
) 2 1 (
2
1
) 1 (
2
1
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
lim
lim
lim
lim
=
(
+ + =
(
+ =
+ =
=

T T
T
T
t t
T
T
t t
T
T
t
T
x
e e T
T
e e t
T
dt e e
T
dt e
T
p

4
1
1 4 1 4
2
8
1
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
8
1
2
1 2
2
1 2
8
1
] ) 2 1 ( ) 2 1 ( [
8
1
] ) 1 (
4
1
) 1 (
4
1
[
2
1
2
2 2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
lim
lim
lim
lim
lim
=
(
+ + =
(
\
|
+ + + + |
\
|
+ + =
(
(
\
|
+ + |
\
|
+ =
+ + + =
+ =

T T
T
T T T T
T
T
t t
T
t t
T
T
t t
T
t t
T
T
t
T
t
T
x
e e T
T
e e T e e T
T
e e t e e t
T
dt e e dt e e
T
dt e dt e
T
p
ch

(
\
|
+ + + + |
\
|
+ + =
(
(
\
|
+ + |
\
|
+ =
(
+ + + =
(
+ =

T T T T
T
T
t t
T
t t
T
T
t t
T
t t
T
T
t
T
t
T
x
e e T e e T
T
e e t e e t
T
dt e e dt e e
T
dt e dt e
T
p
l

2 2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
8
1
2
1 2
2
1 2
8
1
) 2 1 ( ) 2 1 (
8
1
) 1 (
4
1
) 1 (
4
1
2
1
lim
lim
lim
lim

Trang 17
4
1
1 4 1 4
2
8
1
2
lim
=
(
+ + =

T T
T
e e T
T

l ch
x x x
p p p + =
Xt tch v hng
dt x x
l ch
.
+

0
1 4 1 4
2
1
lim
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1
lim
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1
lim
) 2 1 ( ) 2 1 (
2
1
lim
) 1 ( ) 1 (
2
1
lim
0
0
0
2
0
2
2
0
0
2
=
(
+ =
(
\
|
+ + + |
\
|
+ + =
(
(
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ =
(
+ + =
(
+ =

T T
T
T T T T
T
T
t t
T
t t
T
T
t t
T
t t
T
T
t
T
t
T
e e
T
e e T e e T
T
e e t e e t
T
dt e e dt e e
T
dt e dt e
T

Vy hm trc giao.

d)
|
\
|
=
2
1
) ( t t x

(
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
2
1
2
1
2
1
) ( t t t x
ch

Trang 18
(
\
|
|
\
|
=
2
1
2
1
2
1
) ( t t t x
l

Xt tch v hng
0
2
1
2
1
4
1
) ( ) (
2 2
2
1
2
1
=
(
\
|
|
\
|
=

t t dt t x t x
t
t
t
t
l ch

Vy hm trc giao.
1 ) (
1
1
0
2
0 1
=
dt t x
t t
p
t
t
x

2
1
4
1
4
1
) (
1
2
0 1
1
0
= + =
dt t x
t t
p
ch
t
t
x
ch

2
1
4
1
4
1
) (
1
1
0
2
0 1
= + =
dt t x
t t
p
t
t
l x
l

l ch
x x x
p p p + =
e)
|
\
|
+ =
4
cos ) (

t A t x

Trang 19

) cos(
2
2
) cos(
4
cos
4
cos
4
cos
2
1
) (
t
A
t A
t t A t x
ch
=
(
\
|
=
(
\
|
+ +
|
\
|
+ =

) sin(
2
2
) sin( .
4
sin . 2 .
2
1
4
cos
4
cos
2
1
) (
t
A
t A
t t A t x
l
=
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+ =

Xt tch v hng
0 ) 2 ( sin
2
1
4
) ( sin
2
1
2
) (sin ). sin( .
2
) sin( ). cos(
2
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
0
2
=
=
|
\
|
=

A
t
A
t d t
A
dt t t
A
T
T
T

Vy hm trc giao.

2
] 1 1 2 [
4
2
2 sin 2
2
1
2
2
2 cos 1
2
1 1
4
cos
1
2 2
0
2
0
2
2
0
2
A
T
T
A
t t
T
A
dt t A
T
dt t A
T
p
T
T
T
x
= + =
(
\
|
+ + =
(
\
|
+ + =
|
\
|
+ =

Trang 20
4
) 2 (
8
) 2 sin 2 (
2
1
4
) 2 cos 1 (
2
1
2
) ( cos
2
2 1
2 2
0
2
0
2
2
0
2
A
T
T
A
t t
T
A
dt t
T
A
dt t
A
T
p
T
T
T
x
ch
= =
(
+ =
+ =
|
|
\
|
=

4
) 2 (
8
) 2 sin 2 (
8
) 2 cos 1 (
4
) ( sin
2
2 1
2 2
0
2
0
2
2
2
0
A
T
T
A
t t
T
A
dt t
T
A
dt t
A
T
p
T
T
T
x
l
= = =
=
|
|
\
|

l ch
x x x
p p p + =

Bi 1.5. Cho tn hiu [ ] ) cos( cos 1 ) ( + + = t t t x
a)Hy tm thnh phn mt chiu, thnh phn xoay chiu v chng mnh rng
chng trc giao.
b) Hy tm thnh phn chn, l v chng minh chng trc giao.

Gii
a) c
[ ] ) cos( cos 1 ) ( + + = t t t x
( )
) 2 cos(
2
1
) cos( ) cos(
2
1
) 2 cos( ) cos(
2
1
) cos(
) cos( ) cos( ) cos(

+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + =
t t
t t
t t t

Trang 21
* Vy thnh phn mt chiu l:
cos
2
1
= x
* Thnh phn xoay chiu l:
) 2 cos(
2
1
) cos(
~
+ + + = t t x

* Xt tch v hng sau
0
) 2 sin(
2
1
) 2 sin(
1
) 2 4 sin(
2
1
) 2 2 sin(
1
4
1
) 2 2 sin(
2
1
) 2 sin(
2
1
) 2 sin(
1
) sin(
1
4
1
) 2 2 cos(
4
1
) 2 cos(
4
1
) 2 cos(
2
1
) cos(
2
1
2
1
) 2 cos( cos
2
1
) cos( cos
2
1
) 2 cos(
2
1
) cos( cos
2
1
0
0
0
0
=
(
+ + + =
(
+ + + + + =
(
+ + + + + =
(
+ + + =
(
+ + +

T
T
T
T
t t t t
dt t t t t
dt t t
dt t t

Vy 2 thnh phn trc giao.

b) Thnh phn chn l:

[ ] [ ]
[ ][ ]
[ ] ) cos( cos cos 1
) cos( ) cos( . cos 1
2
1
) cos( cos 1
2
1
) cos( cos 1
2
1
t t
t t t
t t t t x
ch

+ =
+ + + + =
+ + + + + =

* Thnh phn l l:

[ ] [ ] ) cos( cos 1
2
1
) cos( cos 1
2
1
+ + + + = t t t t x
l

Trang 22
[ ][ ]
[ ] t t
t t t

sin sin cos 1
) cos( ) cos( . cos 1
2
1
+ =
+ + + =

* Xt tch v hng
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
0
4
1
3
2
2
1
4
1
3
2
2
1 sin cos
cos
4
1
cos
3
2
cos
2
1 sin cos
) (cos cos cos cos 2 1
sin cos
) (cos sin ) cos( cos cos 1
1
) sin( sin ) cos( cos cos 1
) ( ) (
0
4 3 2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
=
(
+ + =
(
+ =
+ + =
+ =
+ =

T
T
T
T
T
l ch
t t t
t td t t
t d t t
dt t t t
dt t x t x

Vy 2 thnh phn trc giao,

Bi 1.6. Tn hiu in p rng ca c cho trn hnh B1.6 c a qua
in tr R. Hy tnh cng sut trung bnh ca i(t) v cng sut trung bnh ca
thnh phn mt chiu v xoay chiu trn R.
Bit mA I 10 = ; = k R 1

Gii
*Cng sut trung bnh ca i(t) trn R l:
Trang 23
) (
30
1
10 10
3
1
3
1
4
1
1
3
1
4
4
4 4
1
4 3
2
4
0
3
2
4
0
2
w
RI t
I
R
dt t
I
I R P
= =
= |
\
|
=
|
\
|
=

Thnh phn mt chiu l:

2 4
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
4
1
1
4
4
4 4
1
4
0
2
4
0
4
0
I
t I
t d t
I
dt t
I
I i i
= |
\
|
=
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
|
\
|
= =

* Cng sut mt chiu l:
( ) w R
I
P
i
40
1
4
10 10
4
3 4 2
=
= =

* Cng xut xoay chiu l:
) (
120
1
12 4 3
2 2 2
~ w R
I
R
I
R
I
P P P
i i
= = = =
Bi 2.1. Hy xc nh hm t tng quan
a) b)

Trang 24
c) d)

Gii

a)

Hm t tng quan ca tn hiu :

= dt t x t x
xx
) ( ) ( ) (

x(t) l hm thc l hm chn

Trang 25
Vy

b)


= dt t x t x
xx
) ( ) ( ) (

Trang 26

Vy

c)
Trang 27


= dt t x t x
xx
) ( ) ( ) (

d)

Trang 28

= dt t x t x
xx
) ( ) ( ) (

Trang 29

Trang 30

Bi 2.2. Hy xc nh v v hm t tng quan ca tn hiu tun hon trn
hnh 2.2. Hy cho bit hm t tng quan ca hm ny trong trng hp tn
hiu b dch chuyn mt on
o
t >0

Gii

Ta c x(t)=
|
|
|
|
\
|

4
8
T
T
t

Vy hm t tng quan ca x(t) l
( )=
T
1

T
dt t x t x
) ( ) (
*

=
T
1
4
2
1
T
dt
=
|
\
|

4
1 T
T
=
T
4
1

*Khi tn hiu b dch chuyn mt on
to
>0
x(t) =
|
|
|
|
\
|

4
8
0
T
T
t
t

( ) =
T
1

T
dt t x t x
) ( ) (
*

=
T
1
+
+
t
t
dt
T
0
0
4
2
1
= ( )
|
\
|
+ +
t t
T
T
0 0
4
1
=
T
4
1

Bi 2.3. Tm hm t tng quan ca cc tn hiu sau:
a) A t x = ) ( ; A l hng s.
b) ( )
t
e A t x

= 1 ) (
c) ) ( ) ( t t x =

Trang 31
Gii

a) Hm t tng quan ca tn hiu l:
( ) dt
T
A
T
xx

=
2
2
1
lim
2 2
1
lim
2
2
A
A
T
T
T
=

b) Hm t tng quan ca tn hiu l:

( )
( )
( )dt
T
t t
T
xx e A

=

1 1
2
1
0
2
lim

=
( )
( )dt
T
T
t t t
e e e A

+

2 ( 2
1
2
1
lim

= ( ) ( ) ( )
(
(
+ + +

1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1 2 2
lim e
e
e e e A
T t t t
T
T

=
|
|
\
|
+ + +

2
1
2
lim
e e
T
T
A

=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+ + +

2
1 1
2 2
1
2
lim
e e A
T T

=
2
2
A

c) Hm t tng quan ca tn hiu l:
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) (

= =
=

dt t t
xx

Bi 2.4 Tm hm t tng quan ca tn hiu iu ha:
) sin( ) ( + = t A t x
Gii
Ta c: ) sin( ) ( + = t A t x

Trang 32

Hm t tng quan ca tn hiu l:
[ ]
( ) [ ]
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
2
cos
cos
2
2 sin 2 sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 sin
2
1
cos
2
2 sin
2
1
2 2 sin
2
1
cos
2
2 2 sin
2
1
cos
2
2 2 cos cos
2
1
) ( sin[ ) sin(
1
2 2
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
2

A
T
T
A
T T T
T
A
T T
T
A
t t
T
A
dt
T
A
dt t t A
T
T
T
T
xx
= =
)
`
+ =
(
+ + =
(
+ =
+ =
+ + =

Bi 2.5. hy xc nh v v hm tng quan ca cc hm sau:

a) b)

Trang 33

Gii
a) Hm tng quan ca tn hiu l:
dt t x t x
ui
) ( ) (
*
2 1
=

Ta c
1
x v
2
x l hm chn
* Xt
2
1
0 <
2
1
0
0
2
1
2
1
0
0
2
1
+
=
+ =

t t
t t
e e
dt e dt e

( )

+ =
+ =
e e
e
e e
1
2
1 1
2
1
2
1

* Xt
2
1
>
2
1
2
1
2
1
+
= =
=
e e
dt e
t
t

( )
>
< +
=
+
2
1
2
1 1
2
2
1

e
e e
e

Trang 34

b) Hm tng quan ca tn hiu l:
dt t x t x
ui
) ( ) (
*
2 1
=

* Xt 1 2 < <
( )
2 2
2
1
1
2
1
1 1
2
1
2
1
) 1 (
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
12
+ + =
+ + + + = |
\
|
+ =
+ =
+
t t
dt t

* Xt 0 1 < <

2
2
3
) 1 (
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
2
2 2 2
1
0
0
1
12
=
+ + + + =
+ + + + =

+
dt t dt t dt t

* Xt 1 0 < <

2
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1 ) 1 (
2
1
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
2
2 2 2
1
0
0
1
12
=
+ + + + =
+ + =

dt t dt t dt t

* Xt 2 1 < <
Trang 35
2 2
2
1
) 1 (
2
1
1
2
1
1
) 1 (
2
2
1
1
12
+ =
+ + =
=
dt t

* Xt 2 >
0 =

Vy hm tng quan ca tn hiu l:
>
< < +
< <
< <
< < + +
=
2 0
2 1 2 2
2
1
1 0 2
2
3
0 1 2
2
3
1 2 2 2
2
1
2
2
2
2

Bi 2.6. Tm hm tng quan gia in p u(t) v dng in i(t) sau:
a) U U t u = ) ( l hng s d)
|
\
|
=
T
t
U t u
2
) (
) sin( ) (
1 0
+ = t I t i
m

|
\
|
=
T
t
I t i ) (
Trang 36
b) ) cos( ) (
1 0
+ = t U t u
m
e) t Usa t u
0
) ( =
) cos( ) (
1 0
+ = t I t i
m
) ( ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( T t I T t I t I t i + + + =
c) ) cos( ) (
1 0
+ = t U t u
m
f)
|
\
|
=
T
T t
U t u
2
) (
) 2 cos( ) (
1 0
+ = t I t i
m
) ( ) ( t I t i =
Gii
a) Hm tng quan ca tn hiu l:
[ ]
0
) cos( ) cos(
) cos(
) sin(
1
) ( ) (
1
) (
1 0 1 0 0
0
0
1 0 0
0
0
1 0 0
0
*
=
+ + =
+ =
+ =
=

T
T
UI
t
T
UI
dt t UI
T
dt t i t u
T
m
T
m
T
m
T
ui

b) Hm tng quan ca tn hiu l:
[ ]
T
i u i u
m m
T
i u i u
m m
T
i m u m
T
ui
t t
T
I U
dt t
T
I U
dt t I t U
T
dt t i t u
T
0
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
0
*
) 2 sin(
2
1
) cos(
2
) 2 cos( ) cos(
2
) cos( ) cos(
1
) ( ) (
1
) (
(
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + =
=

) cos(
2
) sin(
2
1
) 2 sin(
2
1
) cos(
2
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
i u
m m
i u i u i u
m m
I U
T T
T
I U

+ =
(
+ + + + + + =

c) Hm tng quan ca tn hiu l:
Trang 37
[ ]
T
i u i u
m m
T
i u i u
m m
i m
T
u m ui
t t
T
I U
dt t t
T
I U
dt t I t U
T
0
0 0
0
0 0
0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0
0
0
) 2 3 sin(
3
1
) 2 sin(
1
2
) 2 3 cos( ) 2 cos(
2
) 2 2 cos( ) cos(
1
) (
(
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + =

0
) 2 sin(
3
1
) 2 3 sin(
3
1
) 2 sin(
1
) 2 sin(
1
2
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0
=
(
(
(
(
+ + +
+ + + + +
=
i u i u
i u i u
m m
T
T
T
I U

d) Hm tng quan ca tn hiu l:
dt t i t u
ui
) ( ) (
*
=

C u(t) v i(t) l hm chn
Xt
2
0
T

UIT
T T
UI
UIdt
T
T ui
=
|
\
|
+ + =
=

+
2 2
2
2

Xt
2
3
2
T T
<
|
\
|
= |
\
|
+ =
=

2
3
2
2
T
UI
T
T UI
UIdt
T
T ui

Xt
2
3T
>
0 =
ui

Vy ta c hm tng quan ca tn hiu l:
Trang 38
\
|
=
0
2
3

T
UI
UIT
ui

e) Hm tng quan ca tn hiu l:
dt t i t u
ui

= ) ( ) ( ) (
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] T T UISa
dt t t T t t t Sa UI
dt t t I T t I t I t USa
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =

2 * ) (
2 ) (
2 ) (
0
0
0

( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] T Sa T Sa Sa UI + + + = * ) ( * ) ( 2 * ) (
0 0 0

[ ] ) ( ) ( ) ( 2
0 0 0
T Sa T Sa Sa UI + + + =

f) Hm tng quan ca tn hiu l:
dt t i t u
ui

= ) ( ) ( ) (
|
\
|
=
\
|
=
|
\
|
=

T
T
UI
T
T
UI
dt t I
T
T t
U
2
) (
2
) (
2

Trang 39

Bi 3.1: Hy xc nh ph ca cc tn hiu trn hnh B. 3.1.

Gii:
a)
x( t ) c dng

Theo nh ngha:

vy ph ca tn hiu x(t) l

t
-
A
A
0
x(t)
2T T
a)

A
x(t
)
-
2T
T -
2T
- 0
t
b)

0 -T -
2T
A
2T T
t
x(t)
c)

Hnh B.3.1
Trang 40

b)
Tn hiu x( t ) c dng

Vy ph ca tn hiu x( t ) l:

c)
Tn hiu x( t ) c dng
2T
2A
x(t)

T -T -
2T
t
A
2T
x(t)

T -T -
2T
t
A
Trang 41

Vy ph ca tn hiu x( t ) l:

Bi 3.2: Hy xc nh ph ca tn hiu x(t) trn hnh B.3.2 bng cc cch sau:
a) Trc tip t nh ngha
b) T ph xung vung v xung tam gic.
c) p dng nh l vi phn trong min tn s.

Gii:
a)
Tn hiu x( t ) c dng

Theo nh ngha ta c:

x(t)
t
A
0 - T
Hnh B.3.2
Trang 42

b) x( t ) c dng:

Vy ph ca tn hiu x( t ) l: X(
c)
tn hiu x( t ) c dng:

Vy

Vy ph tn hiu x( t ) l

Trang 43

Bi 3.3: p dng nh l iu ch tm qu trnh thi gian ca cc tn hiu c
ph trn hnh B.3.3a,b.

a)

Vy

tn hiu x( t ) ca ph l:

b)

A
2

-

x
0
a)
x
0
b)
A

-
2A

4

Hnh
B.3.3
Trang 44
A
-10 -8 -
6
10 8
6
x(t)
t
a)
A
-10 -8 -
6
10 8
6
x(t)
t
c)
A
-10 -8 -
6
10 8
6
x(t)
t
b)
Hnh B.3.4

Bi 3.4: p dng nh l dch chuyn trong min thi gian tm ph ca cc tn
hiu trn hnh B.3.4a,b,c.

a)

Vy ca tn hiu dch chuyn trong min thi gian
trn l

Trang 45
b)

Theo nh ngha

Trang 46

c)

Bi 3.5: Dng in chy qua in tr R. Hy p dng nh
l Perseval tnh:
a) Ton b nng lng tiu hao trn R.
b) Mt phn nng lng trong di tn (0 )[ rd/s ].
Gii:
a)

Vy ( Ph tn hiu i(t) ).

Tm hm tng quan ca

Vy
M
Vy nng lng tiu hao trn R:

b)

Trang 47

Vy

Bi 3.6: Cho tn hiu .
a) Hy xc nh ph, hm t tng quan, mt ph nng lng ca x(t).
Tnh nng lng ca tn hiu trong di tn (0,).
b) Tm hm t tng quan v mt ph cng sut ca tn hiu x1(t) = a +
x(t). ( a l hng s ).
Gii:
a)

Ph l:

Mt ph nng lng ca l:
Hm t tng quan

Trang 48
Vy
Do nng lng tn hiu:

b)

Vy

Bi 3.7:Hy chng minh rng, nu X() l ph ca tn hiu phc x(t) = Rex(t) +
jI
m
x(t), th:

Gii:

Theo tnh cht ca tn hiu trong min tn s
Quan h:

Mt khc ta c:

Trang 49

Vy

Bi 3.8: Hy tm tn hiu x(t) nu ph bin v ph pha ca n c cho trn hnh
B.3.8

Da vo tn hiu x(t) tm c hy dch chuyn tn hiu i nhng khong 3k vi k
= 0, 1, 2 to nn tn hiu:

Hy tm biu thc thi gian ca z(t).
Gii:
theo nh ngha

|X |
1

Hnh B.3.8
Trang 50
x(t)

Hnh B.3.9
A

t

l tn hiu c lp li ca z(t) vi chu k
Ph ca tn hiu

Vi

Vy

Bi 3.9: Hy xc nh v v hm t tng quan ca tn hiu trn hnh B.3.9. Tm nng
lng ca tn hiu t hm t tng quan ca n.

Gii:

Trang 51

-

Mt ph tn hiu l:

Bit

Nng lng ca tn hiu l

Bi 3.10: Cho tn hiu tun hon vi chu k T; xt tn hiu
, trong n = 2m + 1; m = 0, 1 , l phn tn hiu c ct
ra t tn hiu x(t), sao cho vi , cn tn hiu bao gm n
= 2m + 1 phn gia ca tn hiu tun hon .
a) Hy tm ph v chng minh rng:
Trang 52

Trong l ph ca tn
hiu
vi n =1,( l ph ca phn trung
tm ca tn
hiu tun hon ).
b) p dng kt qu ny cho dy
xung vung
gc n cc ( H.B.3.7 ) vi n = 3; n
= 5 v suy
ra kt qu khi .
c) Hy v ph trong hai trng hp trn.

Gii:

Tn hiu vi

Vy ph l

Ph l

1
x(t)

T
t
.
.
Trang 53

b)

Tn hiu trung tm ca l

Vy

Bai 3.11:
a X =
0

2
n n
n
jb a
X

=
n n n
X X a

+ = ; ) (
n n n
X X j b

+ =
Trng hp chan: 0 =
n
b
Trng hp le: 0 =
n
a

=
jwnt
n
e X t x ) (
T
w
2
0
=
Tn hieu tuan hoan )
2
( ). (
1
0
0
0
T
w dt e t x
T
X
T t
t
jnwt
n
= =

Tn hieu khong tuan hoan (-L;L)
T
w
2
=
) ( 2 ) (
0
n d X X
n
=

=
t jnw
n
e X t X
0
. ) (
a)

T
n X
X
T
n
) (
0
=
Trang 54

=
t jnw
n
e X t X
0
. ) (
+ = ) (
2
sin ) (
T
t
T
A t X

T T
w

= =
2
2
0

2
. ) (
wT
Sa T
T
t

+
T
T
w Sa
T
T
w Sa
j
AT
t
T T
t
A ]
2
)
2
(
2
)
2
( [
2
2
sin ). (

=
=
+ =
=
=
+ =
+ = =
2 :
4
2 :
4
1 2 :
) 4 (
2 . ) 1 (
2 ; 2 : 0
)]
2
). 2 ( )]
2
). 2 ( [
4
)]
2
).
2
(
2
).
2
( [
4 2
) (
2
n
Aj
n
Aj
k n
n j
A
n k n
X
n Sa n Sa
j
A
X
T
T T
n
Sa
T
T T
n
Sa
j
A
T
w X
X
k
n
n
T
n

b)
Trang 55

+ =
=
=
=
+ + =
=
+ =
=
= +
=
=

1 2 :
) 4 (
. . ) 1 (
2 : 0
2 :
4
]
2
) 2 (
2
) 2 ( [
4
. ) (
]
2
)
2
(
2
)
2
( [
4
2
) (
) ( ]
2
)
2
(
2
)
2
( [
2
)
2
cos( . ) (
)
2
( . ) (
) ( ) .
2
cos( . ) (
2
0
k n
n
n A
k n
n
A
X
n Sa n Sa
A
X
e X t x
T
T
w Sa
T
T
w Sa
A
X
T
w X
X
w X
T
T
w Sa
T
T
w Sa
AT
t
T T
t
A
wT
Sa T
T
t
T
w
T
t
t
T
A t x
k
n
n
jwnt
n
n
t
n
T

Bai 3.12:
a)
Chu ki T=2T
w
0
= =
t + A , 0 < t < T
x(t)=
Trang 56
t + A , -T < t < 0
x(t)=
X
n
=
=
=
]
=

=

Voi n=2k ; k=1, 2
Suy ra X
n
= 0
Voi n=2k+1 ; k=0, 1, 2
Suy ra X
n
=
Voi n= 0
Suy ra X
n
=

0 , n=2k , k= 1, 2

, n=2k+1, k=0, 1, 2
Vay X
n
=
Trang 57
, n=0

Bai 3.12: b)
Chu k: T = 2T

0
=
'
2
T
=
T 2
2
=
T

x(t) =
< <
< < +
) 0 ( .
) 0 ( .
T t A t
T
A
t T A t
T
A

X(n) =
T
T
t jn
dt e t x
T
. ). (
2
1
0

=
(
\
|
+
|
\
|
+

T
t jn
T
t jn
dt e A t
T
A
dt e A t
T
A
T
0
0
. . . . . .
2
1
0 0

=
(
+ +

T
t jn
T
t jn
T
t jn
T
t jn
dt e dt e t
T
dt e dt e t
T T
A
0 0
0 0
. . .
1
. . .
1
2
0 0 0 0

=
0
2
. .
2 n
j
T
A
= j.
n
A

Vi: n 0
X(n)= j.
n
A

Vi: n=0
X(n)=
(
+ +

dt A
T
A
dt A t
T
A
T
T
T
). ( ). . (
2
1
0
0

=
+ +
T
T
t
T
t
t
T
t
T
A
0
2
0
2
)
2
( )
2
(
2

=0
Vy: X(n) =
=
0 , .
0 , 0
n
n
A
j
n

Bai 3.13:
a) Chu ki T=2T
Trang 58
w
0
= =
A , < t < 0
x(t)=
-A , 0 < t <
x(t)=
X
n
=
=
= - j - j +
]
Voi n=4k ; k=1, 2
Suy ra X
n
= [ ] = 0
Voi n=4k+2 ; k=0, 1, 2
Suy ra X
n
= [ ]
= =
Voi n= 2k+1 , k=0, 1, 2
Suy ra X
n
=

0 , n=4k , k=0, 1, 2

Vay X
n
= , n=4k+2, k=0, 1, 2

Trang 59
, n=2k+1, k=0, 1, 2

b) w
0
= =
x(t)=
x(t)= A
X
T
(w)= A + A
X
T
(w)= 2Acos(
X
n
=X
T
(nw
0
)/(2T)=
0 n=2k+1
X
n
=

k
n=2k

Bai 3.14 Khai trien chuoi thanh fourier
X(t)= a
0
+
=1 n
(a
n
cos(nt)+b
n
sin(n t))
X(t)=A
(
2 2 /
4 /
T
T t
) - A
(
2 2 /
4 /
+
T
T t
)
at b=T/2-2
X
T
()= AbSa
2
b
[ e
4 / T j
- e
4 / T j
]
=AbSa
2
b
(-2j)sin
4
T

0
=
T
2

X
n
=
T
n X
T
) (
0
=
T
jAb 2
Sa
T
b n
sin
2
n

X
n
= 0 n=0
X
n
= -2j
T
Ab
(-1)
k
Sa(
t
b n
) n=2k+1
Trang 60
b
n
=2jX
n

ket qua theo nh ngha b
n
=
T
2
T
tdt n t x
0
sin ) (
b
n
=
n
A 2
[cosn
0
T(1-(-1)
n
]
b
n
=0 n=2k
b
n
=
n
A 4
cos
0
T n=2k+1

Chng 4 : Truyn tn hiu qua mch tuyn tnh

Bi 4.2:
u

1
(t) = t.e
-|t|

,=
R
L

tm U

1
( ).
Ta c
e
-|t|

2
2

+
2

Trang 61
t.e
-|t|

= -j.
2.2
(
2

+
2

)

U

1
() = -j.
4
(
2

+
2

)
2

Tm K( )
U

2
=(-
-2R
R+jL
+1).U

1

= -
R-jL
R+jL
.U

1

K()=
U

2
()
U

1
()
= -
R-jL
R+jL

=
(
R
L
)-j
R
L
+j
=
-(
R
L
)
2

+
2

(
R
L
+j)
2

=
2

+
2

(+j)
2

U

2
=K().U

1
()= j
4
(
2

+
2

)(+j)
2

Tm U

2
(t)
Ta c U

2
() <=> u

2
(t)

U

2
() = j
4
(
2

+
2

)(+j)
2

= j
4
(
2

+
2

)(
2

-
2

+j2)

Ta c

1
2

+
2

+
1
(-j)
2

=
2
2

+j2
(
2

+
2

)(+j)
2

=
2(+j)
(
2

+
2

)(+j)
2

Mt khc ta li c
j
4
(
2

+
2

)(+j)
2

=
2(+j)-2(-j)
(
2

+
2

)(+j)
2

=
2(+j)
(
2

+
2

)(+j)
2

-
2
(+j)
3

Trang 62
=
1
2

+
2

+
1
(-j)
2

-
2
(+j)
3

u

2
(t) =
1
2
.e
-|t|

+ t e
-t

.1(t) t
2

. e
-t

.1(t)

=
1
2
.e
-|t|

+(t+t
2

).e
-t

.1(t)

Bi 4.3:

e(t)=.Sat.cosnt
u(t)= u

1
(t)*k(t)
k(t)=
-1

[K()]
k()= (

2

0
)

Tm k(t) , k(t)k()
Tac
Sa

0
t (

2

0
)
k(t) =
Sa.

0
t
a, Ta li c:
u(t)=u

1
(t)*k(t)
=>u()=I

1
()
U()
K()

M i

1
(t)
i

1
=
e(t)
R

1
= e(t)-cosSa

0
t.cos t
I

1
()=
2
[(
-
2

0
) + (
+
2

0
)]

V I

1
()

Trng hp 0 < <

0

Trang 63

Trng hp

0
<

b, Tm i

2
(t) ?
u(t) = i

1
(t)*k(t)
i

2
(t) =
u(t)
R

2
= u(t)
k(t) = F
-1

[K()]
K() = (

2

0
)
Theo cu a ta c : I

1
()=
2
[(
-
2

0
) + (
+
2

0
)]
Ph ca i

2
(t) l :
I

2
() =U() = K().I()
Trang 64

=
2
(

2

0
)[(
-
2

0
)+ (
+
2

0
)]

V I

2
()
Trng hp 0<<

Trng hp

0
< <2

0

d, Tm i

2
(t) ?
=
3
2

Da vo hnh v ( cu b, trng hp

0
) suy ra ph ca i

2
(t) l:
Trang 65

2
3 3
4 4
( )
1 1
2
2 2
o o
o o
I

| | | | | |
+
| | |
= +
| | |
| | |
|
\ \ \

M (

1
2

0
)
1
4

0
Sa
1
2

0
t
i

2
(t) =
1
4

0
Sa
1
4

0
t.cos
3
4

0
t

Bi 4.4:
Tn hiu x(t) =
1
4
Sa(
t-2
4
) c ph X()

Ta c:
1
4
Sa
t
4
.(2)

1
4
Sa(
t-2
4
) . (2).e
-j2
Y() = K( ).X( )
=
7
4
..(2 ).e
-j2
+
1
4
..(4 ).e
-j2

y(t) =
7
16
Sa(
t-2
4
) +
1
32
Sa
2
(
t-2
4
)
Nng lng E
y
:

y
( ) = |Y( )|
2

=[
7
4
..(2) +
1
4
..(4)]
2

Trang 66
=
1
16
.
2
.[7.(2) + (4)]
2

=
1
16
.
2
{49.(2) + [ (4)]
2
+ 14(4)}

=
1
16
.
2
[49.(2) + 14(4) + ( 16
2
-8|| +1) (2)]
E
y
=
y
( )d
=
1
2
.
1
16
.
2
[49.
1
2
+ 14.
1
4
+ 2
0

(16
2
-8 +1)d]
=
1
2
.
1
16
.
2
[49.
1
2
+ 14.
1
4
+
1
6
-
1
2
+
1
2
]
=
32
.[
147
6
+
21
6
+
1
6
]
=
169
192

Bi 4.5:

x
() = e
-||

K() = (
2
)
Ta c E

x
=

x
(0) = 1

x
()

x
()

x
() =
2
1+
2

y
() = | K() |
2

.

x
()
= (
2
) . (
2
1+
2

)
E

y
=
1
2

-

y
() d
=
1
2

-1
1

(
2
1+
2

)d
=
1
2
4
0
1

d
1+
2

Trang 67
E

y
=
2
[arctg]
1
0
=
2
4
=
1
2

Bi 4.6:
K() = A().e
j()

a,
x(t) = 2
X() = 4 ()
Y) = K).X() = K).4 () = K(0).4 () = 0
P

x
= lim
T

1
2T

-T
T

[x(t)]
2

.dt = 4
P

y
= 0
b,
x(t) = 2.1(t)
X() = 2 () +
2
j

Y() = K().X()

e
j(/2)

2
j
, >2
e
-j(/2)

2
j
, <-2
Y() =

2
e
j(/2)

2
j
,0 < < 2

2
e
-j(/2)

2
j
, -2 < < 0

1 , | | < 2
Trang 68
Y() =

2
||
, | | >2

P

x
= lim
T

1
2T

-T
T

[x(t)]
2

.dt
= lim
T

1
2T

0
T

4.dt = 2
1 , || < 2

y
() = | Y() |
2

=

4
2

, || >2

P

y
=
1
0

y
().d
=
1
0
2

d +
2

4
2

d
(
(
=
4

c,
x(t) = 2cost
X() = 2 [ ( - 1) + ( +1)]
Y() = X().K()
= 2
1
2
[e
j(/2)

( - 1) + e
-j(/2)

( +1)]
= .[e
j(/2)

( - 1) + e
-j(/2)

( +1)]
Trang 69

P

x
= lim
T

1
2T

-T
T

[x(t)]
2

.dt
= lim
T

1
2T

-T
T

4cos
2

t.dt = 2

y
() = 2.[
1
4
( - 1) +
1
4
( +1)]
P

y
=
1
2
(
0

y
() .d =
1
4
+
1
4
=
1
2

d,
x(t) = 2sint
X() =
-1
2
2j.[ ( - 1) - ( +1)]
Y() =
-1
2
2j.[e
j(/2)

( - 1) - e
-j(/2)

( +1)]
= .[ ( - 1) + ( +1)]
P

x
= lim
T

1
2T

-T
T

4sin
2

t.dt = 2

y
() = 2.[
1
4
( - 1) +
1
4
( +1)]
P

y
=
1
2

-

y
().d =
1
2
[
1
4
+
1
4
].2 =
1
2

Trang 70
e,
x(t) = 2cos
2

t + 4costcos2t
= 1 + 2cost +cos2t + 2cost3t
X() = 2 () + 2 [ ( - 1) + ( +1)] + [ ( - 2) + ( + 2)]

+ 2 [ ( - 3) + ( + 3)]
Y() = K().X()
= e
j(/2)

[ ( - 1) + ( - 2) + ( - 3)]
+e
-j(/2)

[ ( +1) + ( + 2) + ( + 3)]

P

x
= lim
T

1
2T

-T
T

(1 + 2cost +cos2t + 2cost3t)
2

= lim
T

1
2T

0
T

[(1 + 2cos2t +cos
2

2t) + 4( cos
2

t + 2costcos3t + cos
2

3t)
+ 4 (cost + cos3t + costcos2t + cos2cos3t)].dt
= lim
T

1
2T
(
0
T

(4 + 1 +
1
2
)dt = 5,5

y
() = 2[
1
4
( - 1) +
1
4
( - 2) + ( - 3)]
+2[
1
4
( +1) +
1
4
( + 2) + ( + 3)]
P

y
=
1
2

-

y
().d =
1
4
+
1
4
+ 1 +
1
4
+
1
4
+ 1 = 3
Bi 4.7:
x(t)=A.
t
T
.(
t
2T
)
a, Ta c (
t
2T
) 2TSaT
Trang 71

A
T
(
t
2T
) 2ASaT
t.
A
T
(
t
2T
) j.2A (
sinT
T
)
X( ) =j.2A. ( T
2

cosT - TsinT).
1
(T)
2

= j.
2A
( CosT - SaT )
E

x
=
-T
T

( A.
t
T
)
2

.dt =
2A
2

T
2

0
T

t
2

dt =
2A
2

T

.T
3

3

T
0
=
2
3
AT
2

Xt 0 <= < T

x
() =
-T
T

A
T
t.
A
t
( t - )dt
=
A
2

T
2

-T
T

( t
2

- t )dt
=
A
2

T
2

[
T
3

6
- T
2

+
2
3
T
3

]
Xt T < < 2T
Trang 72

x
() =
-T
T

A
T
t.
A
t
( t - )dt
=
A
2

T
2

[
T
3

6
- T
2

+
2
3
T
3

]
Xt 2T < :

x
() = 0
Vy

x
() =
A
2

T
2

(
1
6
|T|
3

- T
2

|| +
2
3
T
3

) (

4T
)
b, y(t) = h(t)*x(t)

=
-

h(u).x(t-u)du
=
-

e
-u

.1(t) (t - u)
(t-u)
2T
du
Trang 73

Xt -T < t <T
y(t) =
o
T+t

e
-u

A
T
(t - u)du
y(t) =
A
T
t
o
T+t

e
-u

du -
A
T

o
T+t

u.e
-u

du
=
A
T
t.
e
-u

-

T+t
0
+
A
T
u.
e
-u

-

T+t
0
+
A
T

e
-u

T+t
0

= A( t - T +
2T
e
e
-t
T

)
Xt t > T
y(t) =
t-T
t+T

e
-u

A
T
(t - u)du
=
2A
e
t.e
-t
T

Xt t < -T
y(t) = 0
Vy
A( t - T +
2T
e
e
-t
T

) , |t| < T
y(t) =
2A
e
t.e
-t
T

, t > T
Trang 74
0 , t <-T

Ta c h(t) = e
-t

.1(t) , =
1
T

H() =
1
+j
=
T
1+jT

| H() | =
T
1+(T)
2

Y() = H().X()
=
T
1+jT
. j
2A
(cosT - SaT)

y
() = | Y() |
2

=
4A
2

T
2

1+(T)
2

(cosT - SaT
2

) .
1
2

Bi 4.8:
a,
x(t) = A (
t
T
2
)
x(t) X

T
()
X

T
() =
AT
2
Sa (
T
4
)
X

n
=
X

T
()
T
=
A
2
Sa (
T
4
) =
A
2
Sa (n
2
)
X() = 2
n =

n = -
X

n
( - n

0
)
= 2
n =

n = -

A
2
Sa (n
2
) ( - n
2
T
)
= A
n =

n = -
Sa (n
2
) ( - n
2
T
)
b,
Y() = K().X()
Vi n =0 X() =0 Y() = 0
Vi n = 2; 4 X() =0 Y() = 0
Vi n = 1; 3
Trang 75
X() = A[
1
2
( -
2
T
) +
1
2
( +
2
T
) -
1
3
2
( -
6
T
) -
1
3
2
( +
6
T
)]
Y) = A[
1
2

2
( -
2
T
) +
1
2
2
( +
2
T
) -
1
3
2

3
2
( -
6
T
) -
1
3
2
3
2
( +
6
T
)]
Y) = A[ ( -
2
T
) + ( +
2
T
) - ( -
6
T
) - ( +
6
T
)]

c,
Ta c: Y) = 2[
A
2
( -
2
T
) +
A
2
( +
2
T
) -
A
2
( -
6
T
) -
A
2
( +
6
T
)]

y
() = 2[
A
2

4
( -
2
T
) +
A
2

4
( +
2
T
) -
A
2

4
( -
6
T
) -
A
2

4
( +
6
T
)]
=
A
2

2
[ ( -
2
T
) + ( +
2
T
) - ( -
6
T
) - ( +
6
T
)]
P

y
=
A
2

2.2
( 1+ 1 + 1 + 1) = A
2

Bi 4.9:
a,

x(t) = z(t)*Sa4

0
t
m z(t) = (
2t
T
)*
1
T
||| (
t
T
) , T=
2

0

Ta thy z(t) l tn hiu tun hon vi chu k T
z(t) = x

1
(t)*
1
T
||| (
t
T
)
Z() = X

1
().
2
T

n =

n = -
( - n

0
)
Xt tn hiu x

1
(t)
x

1
(t) = (
t
T
2
)
X

1
() =
T
2
Sa (
T
4
)

=
T
2
Sa (n
2
)
Trang 76
Z() =
n =

n = -
Sa (n
2
). ( - n

0
)
X() = Z().
4

0
(

8

0
)
=
3

4

0
[
1
2
( -

0
) +
1
2
( +

0
) +
1
-3
2
( - 3

0
) +
1
-3
2
( + 3

0
)]
=
2

2
[ ( -

0
) + ( +

0
) -
1
3
( - 3

0
) -
1
3
( + 3

0
)]
=
T
4
[ ( -

0
) + ( +

0
) -
1
3
( - 3

0
) -
1
3
( + 3

0
)]
X() = 2 [
T
8
( -

0
) +
T
8
( +

0
) -
T
24
( - 3

0
) -
T
24
( + 3

0
)]

x
() = 2
T
2

64
[
2

4
() + ( -

0
) + ( +

0
) +
1
9
( - 3

0
) +
1
9
( + 3

0
)]
P

x
=
1
2
.2.
T
2

64
[ 1 + 1 +
1
9
+
1
9
+
2

4
] = 0,0347T
2

b,
Y() = K().X()
Y() =
T
4
[
1
3
( -

0
) +
1
3
( +

0
) -
1
3
( - 3

0
) -
1
3
( + 3

0
)]
= 2 [
T
24
( -

0
) +
T
24
( +

0
) -
T
24
( - 3

0
) -
T
24
( + 3

0
)]

y
() = 2
T
2

576
[ ( -

0
) + ( +

0
) + ( - 3

0
) + ( + 3

0
)]
P

y
=
1
2
.2.
T
2

576
[ 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 ] = 0,0069T
2

= 0,1938P

x

c,
Ta c:
Y() =
T
12
[ ( -

0
) + ( +

0
) - ( - 3

0
) - ( + 3

0
)]
y(t) =
T
12
( cos

0
t - cos3

0
t )

y
() =
T
2

288
[ ( -

0
) + ( +

0
) + ( - 3

0
) + ( + 3

0
)]

y
(t) =
T
2

288
( cos

0
t + cos3

0
t )
Bi 4.10:
x(t)=|sin

0
t|
ta thy
x(t) l tn hiu tun hon ca x

1
(t) vi chu k
2

Trang 77
x

1
(t)=sin

0
t. (
t
T
2
)
X

1
()=
T
j4
[Sa
(-

0
)T
4
- Sa
(+

0
)T
4
]
=> X() =
2

j4

i =

i = n=-
(Sa
(n-1)
2
- Sa
(n+1)
2
)
Y()=K().X()

V hnh

Y()=

2
j4
[ (
1
2
+
1
3
2
) ]
4
5
j. (-

0
)+ (
1
3
2
-
1
2
).
4
5
(-j). (-

0
)

Trang 78
CHNG 5 TN HIU IU CH

Bi 5.1 Mt my pht lm vic trong h iu ch AM, c tn s ca sng mang
f
0
=104kHz. B rng ph ca tn hiu tin tc l 300 Hz - 3.4kHz. Hi my thu tn
hiu trn cn b rng di thng l bao nhiu v lm vic di tn no?
Bi 5.2 u vo ca mch lc thng thp c c tuyn tn s ( )
o
K

| |
=
|
\

c a n tn hiu [ ]
5
( ) ( ) . cos2 10
AM
t A t t y x = + ; cho bit h s su iu ch
0.5 m = v
1
1
2
o
= . Hy tm tn hiu u ra mch lc z(t), ph ( ) Z v cng
sut ca tn hiu.

Bi 5.3 Tn hiu AM c dng [ ]
5
( ) ( ) . cos2 10
AM
t A t t y x = + , trong tn hiu tin
tc x(t) l tn hiu tun hon c biu din trn hnh B5.1.Hy tm bin nh
nht ca sng mang
min
A , tn hiu ( )
AM
t y c tch sng khong b mo trong
mch tch sng hnh bao. Hy v tn hiu AM tng ng vi bin tm c v
tn hiu AM-SC,
5
( ) ( ). cos2 10
SC AM
t t t y x
=

Bi 5.4 Tn hiu AM c to trong mch iu ch nh trn hnh B.5.4. u
vo h thng c a ti tn hiu tin tc ( )
3
15. cos10 t t x = v
( )
6
5. cos10 t t y = .Hy tnh h s su iu ch ca tn hiu ( )
AM
t y u ra ca
mch iu ch. Cho bit c tuyn ca mch phi tuyn l
2
w 10 2 0.02 z z = + + ; cn
c tuyn tn s ca mch lc l: ( )
6 6
3 3
10 10
3.10 3.10
K

| | | | +
= +
| |
\ \

Bi 5.5 Cho tn hiu iu bin ( ) (1 cos ). cos
AM
t U m t t u = + . Hy a ra cng
thc tnh h s su iu ch m , vi m1, theo cc thng s ca tn hiu:
a) Gi tr cc i
max
U v gi tr cc tiu
min
U ca hnh bao ( )
AM
u t .
b) H s sng hi
m
AM
P
h
P
= , trong
AM
P l cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu
v
m
P l cng sut trung bnh khi lc b sng mang.

Trang 79
Bi 5.6 p dng kt qu bi 5.5, tm cc h s su iu ch ca tn hiu AM
sau y:
( ) (1 0.3cos 0.4cos2 ). cos
AM
t U t t t u = + +
Trang 80
Bi 5.7 u vo ca mt mch lc c c tuyn tn s ( ) K , c a n tn
hiu iu bin c dng:
( ) ( ) 1 cos
v
x t A x t t = + (

Tn hiu u ra ca mch cng l tn hiu iu bin:
( ) ( ) 1 cos
r
x t B y t t = + (

a)Hy v ph ca tn hiu u ra mch lc.
b)Tm qu trnh y(t) v nng lng ca n. Cho bit: 2 A = ; 10 / rd s = ;
( ) 2 x t Sa t = ;
10 10
( )
4 4
K

+
| | | |
= +
| |
\ \

Bi 5.8 Sng mang sin 2
o
t b iu ch bi tn hiu
o
Sa t trong h AM, u ra
ca mch iu ch nhn c ( ) ( ) 1 sin 2
AM o o
y t Sa t t = + . Tn hiu ( )
AM
y t c
a n mch phi tuyn c c tuyn z y = (hnh 5.8),v sau cho qua mch lc
thng di c c tuyn tn s:

4 4
( )
2 2
o o
o o
K

| | | | +
= +
| |
\ \

Hy tm tn hiu w( ) t v cng sut trung bnh ca n.

Bi 5.9 Mt i pht lm vic vi song mang c bc sng
300m = , sng mang b iu ch bi tn hiu ( )
3
cos 2 10 x t a t =
trong h AM. in p ca tn hiu iu bin AM c a n
mch cng hng vi tn s sng mang (hnh 5.9). Hy tm h s
phm cht nh nht cn c ca mch cng hng, t s gia
bin di bn vi bin sng mang ca dng i
AM
(t) suy gim
khng ln hn 3dB so vi t s gia bin sng bn vi bin
sng mang ca tn hiu u
AM
(t).

Bi 5.10 u vo mch cng hng ni tip trn hnh 5.9, c a n tn hiu
iu bin:
( ) ( ) ( )
4 6
100 50cos10 cos10
AM
u t t t V = +
Mch c iu chnh cng hng tn s sng mang.
a) Hy tnh h s phm cht,nu bit rng, ng bao ca tn hiu dng in
i
AM
(t) b dch chuyn so vi ng bao ca tn hiu in p u
AM
(t) mt gc
3
.
Trang 81
b) Tm cc thng s L, R ca mch, cng nh h s su iu ch dng in
m
i
, nu 2 C nF =
Trang 82
BI GII
Bi 5.1
Tn s sng mang: 104
o
f kHz =
B rng ph ca tn hiu tin tc: 300 Hz 400 kHz (
min max
f f )
B rng di thng:
max max
2 2.2 2 .2.3, 4 2 .6, 8
AM
B f = = = = (rad/s)
Di tn lm vic ca my thu tn hiu:
min max
' 104 3, 4 100, 6
o
f f f = = = kHz
max max
' 104 3, 4 107, 4
o
f f f = + = + = kHz

Bi 5.2
1
( ) (1 os ) os
4
AM o
y t mc t c t

| |
= + +
|
\

( ) (1 0.5 os ) os
2 4
o
AM o
y t c t c t

| |
= + +
|
\

os 0.5cos .cos
4 2 4
o
o o
c t t t

| | | |
= + + +
| |
\ \

1 3
os cos cos
4 4 2 4 2 4
o
o o
c t t t

| | | | | | | |
= + + + + +
| | | |
\ \ \ \

Ph ca tn hiu ( )
AM
y t l:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4
4
1 1 1 3 3
4 2 2 2 2
j
AM o o
j
o o o o
Y e
e

= + +
| | | | | | | | | |
+ + + + + +
| | | | |
\ \ \ \ \

t:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
'
1 1 1 3 3
4 2 2 2 2
AM o o
o o o o
Y

= + +
| | | | | | | | | |
+ + + + + +
| | | | |
\ \ \ \ \

u vo mch lc thng thp c c tuyn tn s:
( )
0
K

| |
=
|
\

Trang 83

Ph ca tn hiu u ra mch lc:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
1 1 1
. ' . .
8 2 2
j j
AM AM o o
Z Y K Y K e e

( | | | |
= = = + +
| | (
\ \

Tn hiu u ra mch lc:
1 1
( ) cos
8 2 4
o
z t t

| |
= +
|
\

Cng sut ca tn hiu z(t):

2
1
1 8
2 128
z
P
| |
|
\
= =
Kt lun:
*Tn hiu u ra mch lc:
1 1
( ) cos
8 2 4
o
z t t

| |
= +
|
\

*Ph ca tn hiu:
( )
4
1 1 1
8 2 2
j
o o
Z e

( | | | |
= + +
| | (
\ \

*Cng sut ca tn hiu:
1
128
z
P =

Bi 5.3
[ ]
5
( ) ( ) .cos 2 10
AM
y t A x t t = +
Bin nh nht ca sng mang
min
A tn hiu
( )
AM
y t c tch sng khng b mo trong mch
tch sng hnh bao
{ }
max ( ) : ( ) 0 A x t x t < =>
min
1 A =
Tn hiu AM tng ng vi bin A=1
Trang 84
Tn hiu AM-SC:
5
( ) ( ) cos 2 10
AM SC
y t x t t
=

Bi 5.4
Ta c:
3 6
( ) ( ) ( ) 15cos10 5cos10 z t x t y t t t = + = +
M
2
w 10 2 0.02 z z = + +
=>
3 6 2 3 2 6 3 6
9 1
w(t) 10 30cos10 10cos10 cos 10 cos 10 3cos10 . cos10
2 2
t t t t t t = + + + + +
3 6 3 6 3 6
9 9 1 1
10 30cos10 10cos10 cos 2.10 cos 2.10 3cos10 . cos10
4 4 4 4
t t t t t t = + + + + + + +
( )
3 6 3 6 3 6 6 3
25 9 1 3
30cos10 10cos10 cos 2.10 cos 2.10 cos(10 10 ) cos(10 10 )
2 4 4 2
t t t t t t = + + + + + + +

Ph ca tn hiu w(t):
3 3 6 6
W( ) 25 ( ) 30 ( 10 ) ( 10 ) 10 ( 10 ) ( 10 ) ( ( = + + + + + +

3 3 6 6
9 1
( 2.10 ) ( 2.10 ) ( 2.10 ) ( 2.10 )
4 4
( ( + + + + + +

3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6
3
( (10 10 )) ( (10 10 )) ( (10 10 )) ( (10 10 ))
2
( + + + + + + + +

c tuyn ca mch lc:
( )
6 6
3 3
10 10
3.10 3.10
K

| | | | +
= +
| |
\ \

Trang 85

Ph ca tn hiu ra sau khi qua mch lc:
( ) ( ) W( ).
AM
Y K =
6 6 3 6 3 6
3
10 ( 10 ) ( 10 ) ( (10 10 )) ( (10 10 ))
2
( ( = + + + + +

3 6 3 6
3
( (10 10 )) ( (10 10 ))
2
( + + + + +

Tn hiu u ra mch lc:
( ) ( )
6 3 6 3 6
3 3
( ) 10cos10 cos 10 10 cos 10 10
2 2
AM
y t t t t = + + +
6 3 6
10cos10 3cos10 cos10 t t t = +
Vy h s su iu ch ca tn hiu ( )
AM
t y :
3
0.3
10
m = =
Bi 5.5
a) ( ) (1 cos ).cos
AM
t U m t t u = +
t cos x t = (
[ ] 1;1 x )
( ) (1 ) f x U mx = + ( ) U mU f x U mU => +
ax ax
( )
m m
U f x U mU = = +
min min
( ) U f x U mU = =
=>
ax min
2
m
U U mU = ,
ax min
2
m
U U U + =
ax min
ax min
m
m
U U
m
U U
=> =
+

b)
m
AM
P
h
P
=
( ) (1 cos ). cos
AM
t U m t t u = + cos cos cos U t mU t t = +
( ) ( )
1
cos cos cos
2
U t mU t t = + + + (

Trang 86
2
1 1
. ( )
2 2
m
P mU = ,
2 2
1 1 1
. ( )
2 2 2
AM
P U mU = +
2
2
2 2
1
( )
2
1
( )
2
m
AM
mU
P
h
P
U mU
= =
+

2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 2 2
1
1 1
m h
m m h
h m m h h
+
= = + = =

Bi 5.6
a)
( ) (1 0.3cos 0.4cos2 ). cos
AM
t U t t t u = + +
2
(0.6 0.3cos 0.8cos ).cos U t t t = + +
t cos t x = vi
[ ] 1;1 x
2
( ) 0, 6 0, 3 0, 8 f x x x = + +
'( ) 0, 3 1, 6 f x x = +
3
'( ) 0
16
f x x

= <=> =
Bng bin thin:
x
-1
3
16
1
'( ) f x - 0 +
( ) f x 1,1 1,7

0,57

=>
max
( ) 1, 7 f x = ,
min
( ) 0, 57 f x =
ax ax
. 1.7
m m
U U f U = =
in min
. 0.57
m
U U f U = =
ax in
ax in
1, 7 0, 57 1,13
0.498
1, 7 0, 57 2, 27
m m
m m
U U U U
m
U U U U

= = =
+

b) ( ) (1 0.3cos 0.4cos2 ). cos
AM
t U t t t u = + +
cos 0.3 cos . cos 0.4 cos 2 . cos U t U t t U t t = + +
[ ] [ ]
0.3 0.4
cos cos( ) cos( ) cos(2 ) cos(2 )
2 2
U t U t U t U t U t = + + + + + +
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
(0.3 ) (0.4 )
2 2 2 16
m
P U U U
(
= + =
(

Trang 87
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 9
(0.3 ) (0.4 )
2 2 2 2 16
AM
P U U U U
(
= + + =
(

1
3
m
AM
P
h
P
= =
=>
2
2 1 2
0.5
1
1 3
1
9
m h
h
= = =

Kt lun:
a) 0.498 m =
b) 0.5 m =
Trang 88
Bi 5.7
a)
b)
[ ] ( ) 1 ( ) cos
v
x t A x t t = +
[ ] ( ) 2 1 2 cos10 2cos10 2 2 .cos10
v
x t Sa t t t Sa t t = + = +
Ph ca tn hiu ( )
v
x t :
[ ]
10 10
( ) 2 ( 10) ( 10)
2 4 2 4
v
X

+
| | | |
= + + + +
| |
\ \

Mch lc c c tuyn tn s:
10 10
( )
4 4
K

+ | | | |
= +
| |
\ \

Trang 89
Ph ca tn hiu ( )
r
x t :
( ) ( ). ( )
r v
X X K =
[ ]
10 10 10 10
2 ( 10) ( 10)
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2

+ + | | | | | | | |
= + + + + + +
| | | |
\ \ \ \
10 2 10 10 2 10
1 1 1 1
( ) 2cos10 2 . . 2 . .
2 4 2 4
j t j t j t j t
r
x t t Sa t e Sa t e Sa t e Sa t e

= + + + +

( ) ( )
10 10 2 10 10
1 1
2cos10 2 . .
2 4
j t j t j t j t
t Sa t e e Sa t e e

= + + + +

2
1 1
2cos10 2 .2cos10 .2cos10
2 4
t Sa t t Sa t t = + +

2
1 1
2 1 2 cos10
2 4
Sa t Sa t t
| |
= + +
|
\

M [ ] ( ) 1 ( ) cos
r
x t B y t t = +
2
1 1
( ) 2
2 4
y t Sa t Sa t => = +

Nng lng ca tn hiu y(t):
1 1 2 5
. . .
2 2 4 3 1 12
y
E

= + =

Bi 5.8

Tn hiu ( ) (1 ) sin 2
AM o o
y t Sa t t = + sau khi qua mch phi tuyn c dng:
( ) ( ) (1 )sin 2 (1 ). sin 2
AM o o o o
z t y t Sa t t Sa t t = = + = +
V 1 0
o
Sa t +
Ph ca ( ) sin(2 )
o
x t t = c dng:
( ) 2 . ( ')
n
n
X X n
+
=
=

( ) sin(2 )
o
x t t = l tn hiu tun hon vi:
- Chu k:
2
o
T

= ,
Trang 90
- Tn s gc
2 2
' 4
2
o
o
T

= = =
Trang 91
Tn hiu sin(2 )
o
t trong 1 chu k T, [0, ] t T c dng:
4
( ) sin(2 ).
2
o
T o
o
t
x t t
| |
|
| =
|
|
\

=>
( 2 ) ( 2 )
4 4
( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1
( ) . . .
2 2 4 4
o o
o o
j j
o o
T
o o o
X Sa e Sa e
j

+
| |
+
= |
|
\

(4 2 ) (4 2 )
4 4
(4 ) ( ')
2 (4 2 ) (4 2 ) 1
. . . .
2 2 4 4
o o o o
o o
o
N
n n
j j
o o o o o
o o o
X n X n
X
T T
n n
Sa e Sa e
j

+

= =
| |
+
= |
|
\

(2 1) (2 1)
2 2
(2 1) (2 1)
2 2
1 (2 1) (2 1)
. .
2 2 2
(2 1) (2 1)
sin sin
1 2 2
. .
(2 1) (2 1)
2
2 2
n n
j j
n n
j j
n n
Sa e Sa e
j
n n
e e
n n
j

+

+

| | +
=
|
\
| + | | | | |
| | |
\ \
| =
+
|
|
\

(2 1) (2 1)
2 2
(2 1) (2 1)
sin sin
1 2 2 2
. . .
2 2 1 2 1
n n
j j
n n
e e
j n n

+

| + | | | | |
| | |
\ \
| =
+
|
|
\

2 2
1 1 sin((2 1) ) ( 1) 1 sin((2 1) ) ( 1)
. . sin . sin
2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2
n n n n
j j
j n n

( | | | + + | | | | |
=
( | | | |
+
\ \ \ \
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1
. . 0 os ( ) . 0 os ( )
2 1 2 1
jc n jc n
j n n

(
=
(
+

2 2
1 os ( ) os ( )
.
2 1 2 1
jc n jc n
j n n

(
= +
(
+

2
os ( ) 1 1
.
2 1 2 1
c n
n n
(
= +
(
+

2
1 2
.
1 4n
(
=
(

v
2
cos ( ) 1 n =

Do :
Trang 92
0 2
0 2
2
( ) 2 . ( 4 )
(1 4 )
4
. ( 4 )
1 4
n
n
X n
n
n
n

+
=
+
=
=

Vy ta c: 1 2 ( )
2
o
o o
Sa t

| |
+ +
|
\

2
4
sin 2 . ( 4 )
1 4
o o
n
t n
n

+
=

p dng nh l ph ca tch tn hiu ta c:
2
1 4
(1 ). sin 2 2 ( ) * . ( 4 )
2 2 1 4
o o o
n
o o
Sa t t n
n

+
=
( | | | |
+ +
( | |
|

( \ \

Ph ca tn hiu ( ) z t l:
[ ]
2 2
4 2
( ) . ( ) * ( 4 ) . * ( 4 )
1 4 (1 4 ) 2
o o
n n
o o
Z n n
n n

+ +
= =
( | |
= +
( |

\

p dng tnh cht tch chp ca phn b ( ) vi hm bt k, ta c:
( ) * ( 4 ) ( 4 )
o o
n n =
4
* ( 4 )
2 2
o
o
o o
n
n

| | | |
=
| |
\ \

Vy:
2 2
4 4 2
( ) . ( 4 ) .
1 4 (1 4 ) 2
o
o
n n o o
n
Z n
n n

+ +
= =
| |
= +
|

\

Tn hiu ( ) z t c a qua mch lc thng di c c tuyn tn s:
4 4
( )
2 2
o o
o o
K

| | | | +
= +
| |
\ \

Trang 93

Trang 94
Ph ca ( ) w t l:
( ) ( ). ( ) W Z K =
4 4 4 2 4 2
. ( 4 ) . . ( 4 ) .
3 3 2 3 3 2
o o
o o
o o o o

| | | | +
= + + + +
| |

\ \

[ ]
4 4 4 2
. ( 4 ) ( 4 ) .
3 3 2 2
o o
o o
o o o

( | | | | +
= + + + +
( | |

\ \

=>
8 1 4
( ) . . os4 . . . os4
3 2 3
o
o o o
o
w t c t Sa t c t

= +

( )
4 4
os(4 ) . os(4 )
3 3
4
1 . os(4 )
3
o o o
o o
c t Sa t c t
Sa t c t

= +
= +

Xt tn hiu ( )
4
'( ) .cos 4
3
o o
w t Sa t t
= :
* '( ) w t tn ti v hn
* ( ) ( )
sin 4 4
lim .cos 4 lim cos 4 0
3 3
o
o o o
t t
o
t
Sa t t t
t

= =
=> ( )
4
.cos 4
3
o o
Sa t t
l tn hiu nng lng nn

'( )
0
w t
P =
Vy cng sut trung bnh ca ( ) w t l:
2
1 4
0.09
2 3
w
P
| |
= =
|
\

Kt lun:

Tn hiu ( )
4
( ) 1 . os(4 )
3
o o
w t Sa t c t
= +
Cng sut trung bnh: 0.09
w
P =
Trang 95
Bi 5.9

Sng mang c bc sng: 300m =
Tn s sng mang:
8
6
3.10
10
300.1
o
C
f Hz
n
= = = =>
6
2 10 ( / )
o
rad s =
in p:
3 6
( ) ( cos 2 10 ) cos 2 10
AM
u t A a t t = + [V]
( )
6 3 6
6 6 3 6 3
cos 2 10 cos 2 10 .cos 2 10
cos 2 10 cos(2 10 2 10 ) cos(2 10 2 10 )
2
A t a t t
a
A t t t

= +
= + + +

=>
o
0 0 0
2 2
AM
a a
A
U
= + +
t:
6 3
1
2 (10 10 ) = rad/s
6 3
2
2 (10 10 ) = + rad/s

Dng in chy qua mch:
1 2 0
o
1 2 0
0 0
0
2 2
AM
a a
A
Z Z Z
I

= + +

Mch cng hng vi tn s sng mang nn
1
o
o
L
C
=
=>
2
2 2
1
o
o
o
Z R L R R
C
| |
= + = =
|
\

1
0 0
o
o
o
L
C
arctg arctg
R
= = =
1
2
2
1
1
1
Z R L
C
| |
= +
|
\

1
1
1
1
L
C
arctg
R
=
2
2
2
2
2
1
Z R L
C
| |
= +
|
\

2
2
2
1
L
C
arctg
R
=
Ta thy:
2 2 2 12
6 3
1 1 1 6 3
1 1 1
1 4 10
2 (10 10 )
2 (10 10 )
o o
L L L L L
C

| | | |
= = =
| |
\ \
= - 12572.L
2 2 2 12
6 3
2 2 2 6 3
2 2 2
1 4 10
2 (10 10 )
2 (10 10 )
o o
L L L L L
C

| | | |
= = = +
| |
+
\ \
= 12560.L
Trang 96
=>
1 2
Z Z

=Z
1 2
= =
Trang 97
Vy:
o
0
2 2
AM
A a a
R Z Z
I
= + +

=>
6 6 3 6 3
( ) cos2 10 cos((2 10 2 10 ) ) cos((2 10 2 10 ) )
2 2
AM
A a a
i t t t t
R Z Z
= + + + +
6 6 3 6 3
cos2 10 cos(2 10 (2 10 )) cos(2 10 (2 10 ))
2 2
A a a
t t t t t
R Z Z
= + + +

T s gia bin sng bn vi bin sng mang ca tn hiu ( )
AM
u t l:
2
2
u
a
a
A A
= =
T s gia bin gii bn vi bin sng mang ca dng ( )
AM
i t l:
2
2 2 2
2
2 u
i u
a
a
Z
R
A
A
Z Z Z
R
R R
= = = =
Theo :
i
suy gim khng qu 3dB so vi
u
nn
2
2
1
2
2
Z
R
R Z
=>
=>
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2 1 2
R L
L
C
C
R R

| |
| |
+
|
|
\
| => +
|
|
\

=>
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 1
1 2 1
L L
C C
R R

| | | |

| |
| | + =>
| |
| |
\ \

V R, L, C >0 nn
2
2
1
12560. 0 L L
C
= >
Do :
12560. 1
1
12560
L L
R R
=>

H s phm cht:

6
1 2 10
. 500
12560 12456
o
o
L
Q
R

= = Vy
min
500 Q =
Trang 98
Bi 5.10
4 6
( ) (100 50cos10 ) cos10
AM
u t t t = + [V]
a)
4 6 6 6 4 6 4
( ) (100 50cos10 ) cos10 100cos10 25(cos(10 10 ) cos(10 10 ) )
AM
u t t t t t t = + = + + +

o
100 0 25 0 25 0
U
= + +
=>
1 2 0
o
1 2 0
100 0 25 0 25 0
Z Z Z
I

= + +

Vi:
6
10
o
= rad/s
6 4
1
(10 10 ) = rad/s
6 4
1
(10 10 ) = + rad/s
Mch cng hng vi tn s sng mang nn
1
o
o
L
C
=
=>
0
2
2 2
1
o
o
Z R L R R
C
| |
= + = =
|
\

1
0 0
o
o
o
L
C
arctg arctg
R
= = =
1
2
2
1
1
1
Z R L
C
| |
= +
|
\

1
1
1
1
L
C
arctg
R
=
2
2
2
2
2
1
Z R L
C
| |
= +
|
\

2
2
2
1
L
C
arctg
R
=
Nhn thy:
2 2 12
6 4
1 1 1 6 4
1 1 1
1 10
(10 10 )
(10 10 )
o o
L L L L L
C

| | | |
= = =
| |
\ \
= - 20000.L
2 2 12
6 4
2 2 2 6 4
2 2 2
1 10
(10 10 )
(10 10 )
o o
L L L L L
C

| | | |
= = = +
| |
+
\ \
=19900.L
=>
1 2
Z Z Z

=
1 2
= =

=>
o
100 25 25
0
R Z Z
I
= + +
Trang 99
Vy:
6 6 4 6 4
100 25 25
( ) cos10 cos((10 10 ) ) cos((10 10 ) )
AM
i t t t t
R Z Z
= + + + +
6 6 4 6 4
100 25 25
cos10 cos(10 (10 )) cos(10 (10 )) t t t t t
R Z Z
= + + +
6 4 6
100 50
cos10 cos(10 ).cos10 t t t
R Z
= +
4 6
100 50
cos(10 ) .cos10 t t
R Z

| |
= +
|
\

ng bao ca tn hiu dng in ( )
AM
i t l:
4
100 50
cos(10 ) t
R Z
+
ng bao ca tn hiu in p ( )
AM
u t l:
4
100 50cos10 t +

Theo : ng bao ca tn hiu dng in ( )
AM
i t b dch chuyn so vi ng bao
ca tn hiu in p ( )
AM
u t mt gc
3
nn ta c:
3
=
=>
1
1
1
3
L
C
arctg
R
= =>
20000. 3
3
20000
L L
R R
= => =
H s phm cht:
6
10 3
50 3
20000
o
L
Q
R
= = =
b)
9
2 2.10 C nF F
= =
Ta c:
3
2 12 9
1 1 1
0, 5.10 0, 5
10 .2.10
o
o o
L L H mH
C C
= => = = = =
3
20000 20000 10
.0, 5.10
3 3 3
R L

= = =
4 6
100 50
( ) cos(10 ) .cos10
AM
i t t t
R Z

| |
= +
|
\
[A]
H s su iu ch dng in ( )
AM
i t l:
( )
2
2
3
10
50
50
3
0, 5. 0, 25
100
100
10
20000.0, 5.10
3
i
R
Z
m
Z
R

= = = =
| |
+
|
\

Kt lun: a) 50 3 Q = b) 0, 5 L mH = ,
10
3
R = , 0, 25
i
m =
Trang 100
TM TT L THUYT TN HIU

1. Chng 1: Cc khi nim c bn

Cu 1.1: Tn hiu l g? Trnh by cc c s phn loi tn hiu? Phn loi tn hiu?
Tr li:
Khi nim: Tn hiu l biu hin vt l ca tin tc m n mang t ngun tin n
ni nhn tin.
Tn hiu xc nh v ngu nhin:
Tn hiu xc nh l tn hiu m qu trnh thi gian ca n c biu din bng
cc hm thc hay phc theo thi gian. V d: Tn hiu in p u(t) = 10 sin(300t +
45
0
).
Tn hiu ngu nhin l tn hiu m qu trnh thi gian ca n khng th biu din
bng cc hm thi gian nh ting ni, m nhc, hnh nh,..
Tn hiu lin tc v ri rc:
C th tin hnh ri rc thang gi tr hoc thang thi gian v tng ng ta s c cc
tn hiu sau:
- Tn hiu c gi tr lin tc theo thi gian lin tc c gi l tn hiu tng t.
- Tn hiu c gi tr ri rc theo thi gian lin tc c gi l tn hiu lng t.
- Tn hiu c gi tr lin tc theo thi gian ri rc, c gi l tn hiu ri rc.
- Tn hiu c gi tr v thi gian u ri rc c gi l tn hiu s.
Cc tn hiu khc:
Da vo cc thng s c trng cho tn hiu, ngi ta cn phn loi nh sau:
- Tn hiu nng lng v cng sut
- Tn hiu tn thp, tn cao, di rng, di hp.
- Tn hiu c thi gian hu hn v v hn.
- Tn hiu c gi tr hu hn.
- Tn hiu nhn qu.

Cu 1.2: nh ngha v chc nng ca l thuyt truyn tin (LTTT)?
Tr li:
nh ngha: LTTT l l thuyt ngu nhin ca tin tc, c ngha l n xt n tnh
cht bt ng ca tin tc i vi ngi nhn tin.
Trang 101
Chc nng: LTTT nghin cu cc phong php m ho tin tc ngha l tm ra cc
quy tc biu din tin tc nhm s dng hu hiu knh truyn, tng tnh chng
nhiu v bo m tnh b mt tin tc

Cu 1.3: nh ngha v Tnh cht ca tn hiu vt l?
Tr li: Mt tn hiu l biu din ca mt qu trnh vt l, do n phi l mt
tn hiu vt l thc hin c v phi to mn cc yu cu sau:
C nng lng hu hn
C bin hu hn
Bin l hm lin tc
C ph hu hn v tin ti 0 khi tn s

Cu 1.4: nh ngha tn hiu xc nh v tn hiu ngu nhin?
Tr li:
Tn hiu xc nh l tn hiu m qu trnh bin thin ca n c biu din bng
mt hm ton hc xc nh. V d: Tn hiu in p u(t) = 10 sin(300t + 45
0
).
Tn hiu ngu nhin l tn hiu m qu trnh bin thin khng bit trc c
khng th biu din bng cc hm ton hc xc nh m ch s dng cc cng c
thng k nh thi gian nh ting ni, m nhc, hnh nh,..

Cu 1.5: nh ngha v du hiu nhn bit tn hiu nng lng?
Tr li:
nh ngha: Tn hiu nng lng l tn hiu c nng lng hu hn
Nhn bit:
x(t) tn ti hu hn trong khong thi gian t
x(t) tn ti v hn nhng lim x(t) = 0 khi t

Cu 1.6: nh ngha v du hiu nhn bit tn hiu cng sut?
Tr li:
nh ngha: Tn hiu cng sut l tn hiu c cng sut trung bnh hu hn.
Nhn bit:
x(t) tn ti hu hn trong khong thi gian t
x(t) tn ti v hn nhng lim x(t) 0 khi t.

Cu 1.7: Phn loi tn hiu nng lng v tn hiu ri rc?
Tr li: C 4 loi:
Tn hiu c bin v thi gian lin tc c gi l tn hiu tng t (Analog).
Tnh hiu c bin ri rc v thi gian lin tc c gi l tn hiu lng t.
Tnh hiu c bin lin tc v thi gian ri rc c gi l tn hiu ri rc.
Tn hiu c bin v thi gian ri rc c gi l tn hiu s (Digital).

2. Chng 2: Phn tch min thi gian

Cu 2.1: Trnh by cc thng s c trng ca tnh hiu?
Trang 102
Tr li:
a. Tch phn tn hiu.
Vi tn hiu tn ti trong khong thi gian hu hn (t
1
-t
2
)
=
2
1
) ( ] [
t
t
dt t x x

Vi tn hiu tn ti v hn (-, + ):
+

= dt t x x ) ( ] [

b. Tr trung bnh ca tn hiu
Vi tn hiu thi hn hu hn:
T
x
t t
dt t x
x
t
t
] [
) (
1 2
2
1
=
>= <

Vi cc tn hiu c thi gian v hn:

>= <
T
T
T
dt t x
T
x ) (
2
1
lim

Tn hiu tun, chu k T:
+
>= <
T t
t
dt t x
T
x
0
0
) (
1

c. Nng lng ca tn hiu.
Nng lng tn hiu c nh ngha bi tch phn ca bnh phng tn hiu:
E
x
= [x
2
]
Vi tn hiu c thi hn hu hn
=
2
1
) (
2
t
t
x
dt t x E

V tn hiu c thi hn v hn
+

= dt t x E
x
) (
2

Trang 103
d. Cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu.
Vi tn hiu c thi hn hu hn:
T
x
t t
dt t x
P
t
t
x
] [
) (
1 2
2
2
1
=

Vi cc tn hiu c thi hn v hn:

=
T
T
T
x
dt t x
T
P ) (
2
1
lim
2

Vi tn hiu tun hon, chu k T:
=
2
1
) (
1
2
t
t
x
dt t x
T
P

Cu 2.2: Tn hiu phn b c dng trong nhng trng hp no?
Tr li:
Phn b c dng nh mt m hnh ton hc cho mt loi tn hiu no
.
Phn b c dng m t cc php ton tc ng ln tn hiu v d nh
php ri rc tn hiu hay lp tun hon tn hiu
Phn b c dng m t ph ca tn hiu trong trng hp tn hiu
khng c ph Fourier thng thng. V d nh bc nhy n v, tn hiu
tun hon v nhiu tn hiu c nng lng khng xc nh

Cu 2.3: nh ngha v tnh cht ca phn b Delta Diract?
Tr li:
nh ngha:
0 , t 0
(t) =
, t = 0
v

=1 ) ( dt t
Tnh cht:
1) Tnh cht chn:
(t) = (-t)
2) Tnh cht ri rc.
x(t) (t) = x(0) (t)
Trang 104
x(t) (t- t
0
) = x(t
0
) (t-t
0
)
3) Tnh cht lp :
x(t)* (t) = x(t)
x(t)* (t-t
0
) = x(t-t
0
)

Cu 2.4: nh ngha v tnh cht ca phn b lc?
Tr li:
nh ngha: x(t) =
=
=
|
\
|
n
nT t
T
t
III
T
) (
1

Tnh cht:
1) Tnh cht chn:
||| (t ) = ||| (-t )
2) Tnh cht ri rc:

=
=
= =
|
\
|
n n
nT t nT x nT t t x
T
t
III
T
t x ) ( ) ( ) ( ). (
1
). (
3) Tnh cht lp tun hon:

=
=
= =
|
\
|
n n
nT t x nT t t x
T
t
III
T
t x ) ( ) ( * ) (
1
* ) (

Cu 2.5: Khi nim, tnh cht hm tng quan v t tng quan ca tn hiu? ngha
ca hm t tng quan?
Tr li:
1) Hm tng quan ca tn hiu nng lng:
Cho hai tn hiu nng lng x(t), y(t)
Hm tng quan cho:
* *
* *
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
xy
yx
x t y t dt x t y t dt
y t x t dt y t x t dt

= = +
= = +

Hm t tng quan:
* *
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
xx
x t x t dt x t x t dt

= = +

Tnh cht:
Trang 105
*
( ) ( )
xy xy
=

*
( ) ( )
xx xx
=

Nu x(t) l hm thc
xx
: hm chn
2
(0) ( )
xx x
x t dt E
= =

Nng lng tn hiu chnh bng gi trhm t tng quan ti 0 =
2) Hm tng quan ca tn hiu cng sut:
a) Tn hiu tun hon
Cho hai tn hiu tun hon x(t), y(t)
Hm tng quan cho:
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
* *
* *
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
t T t T
xy
t t
t T t T
yx
t t
T T
T T

+ +
+ +
= = +
= = +

Hm t tng quan:
0 0
0 0
* *
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
t T t T
xx
t t
T T

+ +
= = +

Tnh cht:
*
*
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
xy yx
xx xx

=
=

Nu x(t) l hm thc
xx
: hm chn

( ) (0)
(0)
xx xx
x xx
P

=

Cng sut ca tn hiu tun honchnh bng gi tr hm t tng quan ti
0 =

b) Tn hiu c cng sut trung bnh hu hn:
Cho hai tn hiu x(t), y(t)
Hm tng quan cho:
Trang 106
* *
* *
1 1
( ) lim ( ) ( ) lim ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
( ) lim ( ) ( ) lim ( ) ( )
2 2
T T
xy
T T
T T
T T
yx
T T
T T
T T
T T

= = +
= = +

Hm t tng quan:
* *
1 1
( ) lim ( ) ( ) lim ( ) ( )
2 2
T T
xx
T T
T T
T T

= = +

ngha: -Hm t tng quan: th hin s tng quan (ph thuc)
gia cc gi tr cc thi im khc nhau ca mt qu trnh ngu nhin
(R(x1, x2, t1, t2)).
-Hm tng quan (hay tng quan cho): th hin s tng
quan gia cc gi tr ca hai qu trnh ngu nhin cc thi im khc
nhau (R(x1, x2, t1, t2)).
Khi R=0 th iu c ngha l cc gi tr cc thi im tng ng l
khng tng quan (c lp thng k)

Cu 2.6: C bao nhiu cch tnh Px, Ex, trnh by c th ?
Tr li:
C 3 cch tnh Ex:
Ex = [ ]

Ex= ()d().

3 cch tnh Px:
Px=< >
Px =xx(0)

Trang 107
Px = ()d()

Cu 2.7: Tn hiu trc giao c hiu nh th no?
Tr li: Hai tn hiu X(t) v Y(t) c gi l trc giao vi nhau trn [t
1,
t
2
] khi
tch v hng ca chng bng khng.
<x,y>=0

Cu 2.8: u im ca phn tch tn hiu so vi phn tch thi gian, phn tch tng quan,
phn tch thng k?
Tr li:
S dng phn tch nhiu loi tn hiu: tn hiu xc nh, tn hiu ngu
nhin
C s l thuyt c phn tch y
C mi lin h vi cc phng php khc nh phn tch thi gian, phn
tch tng quan..
C biu din vt l r rng

3. Chng 3: Phn tch min tn s

Cu 3.1: nh ngha b rng ph? Phn loi tn hiu da vo b rng ph?
Tr li:
B rng ph ca tn hiu l di tn s (dng hoc m) tp tung cng sut
ca tn hiu.
K hiu: B, xc nh theo cng thc:
2 1
B f f =

Trong :
1 2 2
0 , : f f f < tn s gii hn trn ca tn hiu.
Da vo b rng ph c th phn loi tn hiu:
Tn hiu tn s thp.
Tn hiu tn s cao.
Tn hiu di hp.
Tn hiu di rng

Cu 3.2: nh ngha v tnh cht ca ph?
Tr li:
nh ngha:

(Bin i thun)

Trang 108
1
x(t) ( )
2
j t
X e d
=
(Bin i ngc)

X () c gi l ph ca tn hiu x(t). K hiu: x(t) X( )
F

X () l ph ca mt hm phc phn tch ra thnh cc thnh phn
( )
( ) ( )
j
X X e

=
( ) ( ) ( ) X P jQ = +

X (): ph bin P (): ph thc
( )
: ph pha Q (): ph o
Tnh cht:
1) Tnh cht chn l:
Nu x(t) l tn hiu thc, th:
Ph thc l hm chn : P() = P(-)
ph o l hm l: Q() = Q(-)
V,
ph bin l hm chn: X()=X(-)
ph pha l hm l: ()= (-)
2) Tnh cht tuyn tnh:
Nu : x(t) x(), y(t) y()
Th ax(t) + by(t) bx(t) + ay(t)
3) Tnh cht i ngu:
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) x t X X t x

4) Tnh cht thay i thang o:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ); 0;
t
x t X x a X a a
a

5) Tnh cht dch chuyn trong min thi gian:
0
0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
j t
x t X x t t X e

6) Tnh cht dch chuyn trong min tn s:
0
0
0
0
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) {
j t
j t
x t e X
x t e X
xt X

+

Tnh cht iu ch:
Trang 109
0 0 0
0 0 0
1
( ) cos( ) [ ( ) ( )]
2
1
( )sin( ) [ ( ) ( )]
2
x t t X X
x t t X X
j

+ +
+

Cu 3.3: Ph ca tn hiu tun hon c dng g? Cch xc nh Xn trong ph ca tn hiu
tun hon?
Tr li:
Ph ca tn hiu tun hon c dng

Xc nh Xn trong ph ca tn hiu tun hon
Cch 1: S dng cng thc
0
0
0
1
( )
t T
jn t
n
t
X x t e dt
T

Cch 2:
Xt tn hiu X
T
(t) trong mt chu k T,t[t
0,
t
0
+T]
Xc nh X
T
()dung bin i Fourier cho X
t
(t)
0
( )
n T
n
X X
T
=

4. Chng 4: Truyn tn hiu qua mch tuyn tnh

Cu 4.1: nh ngha v tnh cht v ngha ca tch chp?
Tr li:
nh ngha: Tch chp gia hai tn hiu x(t) v y(t), k hiu: x(t)*y(t),
c xc nh nh sau:

Tnh cht:
1. Tnh cht giao hon:

2. Tnh cht kt hp:

Trang 110
3. Tnh cht phn phi:

4. Nhn vi hng s:

5. Lin h vi hm tng quan:

ngha: Tch chp gip xc nh tc ng ca h thng ln tn hiu ng
vo .Ngha l n gip xc nh tn hiu ng ra ca h thng LTI khi bit
tn hiu ng vo v p ng xung ca h thng.

Cu 4.2: nh ngha h thng bt bin LTI?
Tr li:
H thng bt bin LTI l h thng tho mn ng thi tnh cht tuyn tnh v bt
bin.
Tnh cht tuyn tnh:

Nu: x1(t) y1(t)
X2(t) y2(t)
Th:

Tnh cht bt bin:

Nu: x(t) y(t)
Th: x(t t0) y(t - t0)

Cu 4.3: Biu thc quan h cc c trng ng vo ng ra ca mch tuyn tnh?
Tr li:

H thng Bt bin
Input Out put

H thng Tuyn
tnh
Input Out put

Trang 111
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
x t y t
X Y
h t
Input Output
H

Trong min thi gian: y(t)=h(t)*x(t)
Trong min tn s:
( ) ( ) ( ) Y H X =

5. Chng 5: Tn hiu iu ch
Tr li:

Cu 5.1: iu ch l g? Mc ch iu ch? Tm quan trng ca iu ch tn hiu trong
h thng thng tin?
Tr li:
iu ch l qu trnh nh x tin tc vo sng mang bng cch thay i
thng s ca sng mang (bin , tn s hay pha) theo tin tc
iu ch ng vai tr rt quan trng khng th thiu trong h thng thng
tin
Mc ch:
1) To ra tn hiu ph hp vi knh truyn. c th bc x tn
hiu vo khng gian di dng sng in t.
2) Cho php to nhiu knh truyn. v s dng hu hiu knh
truyn.
3) Tng kh nng chng nhiu cho h thng thng tin
V tr ca iu ch trong h thng thng tin:

Cu 5.2: Phn loi cc phng php iu ch tn hiu?

Ngun tin
Bin i tin
tc Tn hiu

My pht
- iu ch
- Khch i
- anten

Knh
truyn

Nhn tin
Bin i tn
hiu, tin tc
My thu:
Khuch i
Gii iu ch
Trang 112
Tr li:
C 2 phng php iu ch tn hiu l iu ch xung v iu ch lin tc
Trong cc h thng iu ch lin tc, tin tc s tc ng lm thay i cc
thng s ca sng mang iu ho nh: bin , tn s v gc pha. Sng
mang c cc thng s thay i ngu nhin theo tin tc c gi l tn hiu
b iu ch tn hiu iu ch.
Trong cc h thng iu ch xung, tin tc tc ng lm thay i cc thng
s ca dy xung nh: bin , chu k (v tr) v rng. Dy xung vung
gc tun hon c cc thng s thay i ngu nhin theo tin tc c gi
tn hiu b iu ch tn hiu iu ch.

Cac he thong ieu che
Lien tuc Xung
Bien o Goc Tng t So
A
M
A
M
-
S
C
S
S
B
-
S
C
S
S
B
V
S
B
P
M
F
M
P
A
M
P
D
M
P
P
M
P
C
M
D
e
l
t
a

Cu 5.3: Sng mang l g? Trong thc t ngi ta thng dg my loi sng mang?
Tr li:
Trong h thng iu ch xung: sng mang l cc dy xung vung gc tun
hon, tin tc s lm thay i cc thng s ca n l bin , rng v v
tr xung.
Trong thc t th ngi ta thng dng hai loi sng mang l dao ng
iu ha cao tn hoc cc dy xung.

Cu 5.4: Ti sao li phi iu ch tn hiu trc khi truyn i xa?
Tr li: Tin tc thng c tn s thp, khng th truyn i xa c. truyn i
xa, ngi ta phi tm cch ghp n vi tn hiu c tn s cao, gi l sng mang. Qu trnh
ny gi l iu ch tn hiu cao tn.

Cu 5.5: S khc nhau khi iu ch tn hiu AM, FM, PM?
Tr li:
Trang 113
iu ch tn hiu AM, FM, PM u l loi iu ch tng t nhm mc ch l
iu ch tn hiu thng tin vo sng cao tn c th chuyn tn hiu thng tin i xa. Ba
loi iu ch ny c cc c im:
Ging nhau: u chuyn ph ca tn hiu thng tin vo sng mang cao tn
truyn i.
Khc nhau: Khi iu ch tn hiu:
AM th tn hiu thng tin s c iu ch vo bin ca sng mang hay
ni ng hn l n lm thay i bin ca sng mang.
FM th tn hiu thng tin s c iu ch vo tn s ca sng mang.
PM th tn hiu thng tin s c iu ch vo pha ca sng mang.

Cu 5.6: u v nhc im ca sng FM?
Tr li:
Sng FM c nhiu u im v mt tn s, di tn m thanh sau khi tch
sng iu tn c cht lng rt tt, cho m thanh trung thc v c th
truyn m thanh Stereo, sng FM t b can nhiu hn s vi sng AM.
Nhc im ca sng FM l c ly truyn sng ngn, ch truyn c c
ly t vi chc n vi trm Km, do sng FM thng c s dng lm
sng pht thanh trn cc a phng.

Cu 5.7: Ti sao PM di hp iu ha tng ng vi AM? FM v PM c th hon i
cho nhau c khng? Ti sao?
Tr li:
Dng tn hiu AM: y
AM
(t)=[A+x(t)]cost
Quan h trong min tn s

Dng tn hiu s PM di hp:
] sin . [cos ) ( t t XSin k t Y t Y
p PM
=

=
] ) cos(
2
1
) cos(
2
1
[cos t X k t X k t Y
p p
+ +

Quan h min tn s:

Trang 114
Ta thy tn hiu PM di hp tng ng vi tn hiu AM c su iu ch m =
k
p
X, n chnh bng lch pha ca tn hiu PM. S khc nhau ch ch, pha ca
di di ca tn hiu PM di hp khc pha ca di di tn hiu AM mt gc .

Cu 5.8: S khc nhau gia tn hiu PM v FM?
Tr li:

Tn hiu Tn hiu FM Tn hiu PM
1. Pha tc thi t l vi tch phn ca
tn hiu
Pha tc thi t l trc tip vo x(t)
2. Tn s t l trc tip vo x(t)

Tn s t l vi o hm ca x(t)

3. Tn hiu tin tc lm bin i tn s
tc thi bin i pha tc thi

Tn hiu tin tc bin i pha tc
thi bin i tn s tc thi bin
i

4.

c iu ch bi tn hiu x(t)

c iu ch bi
( ) x t dt

Cu 5.9: Ti sao gi biu thc 2x(t)cos(ot) X(-o)+X(+o) l biu thc iu
ch?
Tr li: Bi v trong iu ch bin th ngI ta gi nguyn (t) nn sng mang
sau iu ch c dng y(t)=Y(t)cos(ot+)

Cu 5.10: Trong iu ch tng t th no l iu bin, iu pha?
Tr li: Trong iu ch tng t:
Gi l iu bin khi ta cho pha tc thi ca sng mang iu ch gi
nguyn.
Gi l iu pha khi ta cho bin tc thi trong sng mang iu ch gi
Trang 115
nguyn
Sng mang ban u y(t)=Ycos(t+)
Sng mang sau iu ch y(t)=Y(t)cos((t))
Cu 5.11: S khc nhau cn bn gia iu ch lin tc v iu ch xung?
Tr li:
S khc nhau cn bn gia iu ch lin tc v iu ch xung l ch:
H thng iu ch lin tc tin tc c truyn i lin tc theo thi gian .
H thng iu ch xung, tn hiu tin tc ch c truyn trong khong thi
gian c xung.
Cu 5.12: Mi quan h gia h thng FM v PM? u im ca hai h thng so vi AM
Tr li:
Mi quan h:
Khi c b iu ch FM th ta c th to ra tn hiu PM v ngc li.

u im:
Kh nng chng nhiu cao hn AM
Bng thng tn hiu PM v FM rng hn nhiu so vi AM
( ) dx t
dt

B iu ch
FM
( ) x t dt

B iu ch
PM

x(t)
x(t)

YFM (t)

YPM (t)

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