NHNG CHT C HI

TRONG CY THC PHM V

CY THC N GIA SC
PGS.TS. Dng Thanh Lim
B mn Thc n & Dinh dng ng vt
Khoa Chn nui Th y
Trng i hc Nng Lm
TP. H Ch Minh
Phn II: Phenolic & Tannin
Acid amin & Protein c hi
Nhng acid Phenolic n gin
y l nhng hp cht chng li cn trng v nm
Mt s phenolic (furanocoumarins) khng gy ng,
nhng khi tip xc vi nhit cao, di nh sng c bc
sng gn vi tia t ngoi (near UV-A) th n tr nn rt
c hi.
Mt dng hot ng khc ca phenol n gin l
furanocoumarins, n c th gn vi DNA v tr gc
kim pyrimidine - c ch s sao chp (transcription) v
cui cng dn n ci cht ca t bo hoc t bin gen.
Nhng hp cht ny c rt di giu trong cy Apiaceae
Hp cht Urushiol c nhiu trong cy ivy c.
Hp cht Allelopathic
Cc hp cht phenolic n gin
trong thc vt
O H COOH
P-hydroxybenzoic acid
O H
O H
O H
COOH
H
3
CO
O H COOH
Gallic acid
Vanillic acid
O H
O H CH CH COOH
Caffeic acid
H
3
CO
O H
H
3
CO
CH CH COOH
Sinapic acid
O H
O H
O H
COOH
COO
O H
O H
O H
O H
O H
HOOC O H
O H
O H
COOH
O H
O H
O H
HOOC
Gallic acid
m-Digallic acid
Hexahydroxydiphenic acid
O H COOH
P-hydroxybenzoic acid
O H
O H
O H
COOH
H
3
CO
O H COOH
Gallic acid
Vanillic acid
O H
O H CH CH COOH
Caffeic acid
H
3
CO
O H
H
3
CO
CH CH COOH
Sinapic acid
O H
O H
O H
COOH
COO
O H
O H
O H
O H
O H
HOOC O H
O H
O H
COOH
O H
O H
O H
HOOC
Gallic acid
m-Digallic acid
Hexahydroxydiphenic acid
Coumarins

Nhm cht c phn b
rng n nay ngi ta
xc nh c trn
1.300 loi coumarins
Coumarin c bn c cu
trc 2 vng 6 cnh,
phenol v pyrone
Nhiu loi thuc chng
ng t anticoagulants
c cha Warfarin
Lignin l complex phenolic
Polymer ca 3 phenolic alochol
Nhng loi thc vt khc nhau c t l monomers khc
nhau.
Lignin trong cy si c t l monomers l 100:70:7
(coniferyl: sinapyl: para-coumaryl).
Lignin monomers
Phn ng trng hp cc phenolic to
thnh tannin trong thc vt
O
O C
O
O R
O R
CH
2
OR OH
OH
OH
O
C O
OH
OH
O H
R = Gallic acid
Tannic Acid (Hydrolyzable Tannin)
O
OH
O H
OH
OH
OH
O H
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O O H
OH
OH
OH
OH
5-6
Condensed tannin from Sorghum grain
(CTs)
(HTs)
O
O C
O
O R
O R
CH
2
OR OH
OH
OH
O
C O
OH
OH
O H
R = Gallic acid
Tannic Acid (Hydrolyzable Tannin)
O
OH
O H
OH
OH
OH
O H
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O O H
OH
OH
OH
OH
5
O
O C
O
O R
O R
CH
2
OR OH
OH
OH
O
C O
OH
OH
O H
R = Gallic acid
Tannic Acid (Hydrolyzable Tannin)
O
OH
O H
OH
OH
OH
O H
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O O H
OH
OH
OH
OH
5-6
Condensed tannin from Sorghum grain
(CTs)
(HTs)
Nhng tc hi ca phenolic acid
Phenolic chim 10 - 20 % trng lng l kh trong cc loi cy thn
bi nhit i c th dao ng t 13 - 50% (Lowry, Thahar. 1983).
Phenolic n c tnh c v n kch thch hoc bo mn t chc nim
mc.
Phenolic c tc dng c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt thng qua
tc dng bt kn cc trung tm hot ng ca enzyme.
Acid phenolic, sn phn gii ca tannin c tc dng c ch men tiu
ha, kt qu cui cng lm gim ng k s tiu ha thc n .
S lin kt, gii c phenolic vi glycin, acid glucoronic hoc sulfat
lm gim tc hi ca phenolic.
Nhng gii hn khi s dng ngun thc n c hm lng phenolic
cao cng l nhng vn c cc nh khoa hc rt quan tm
nghin cu s dng tt ngun thc n t nhin c hm lng
tannin v phenolic cao.
Nhng tc hi ca tannin
C ch tc ng ca tannin trong dinh dng ng vt:

1. Phn ng vi protein gy kt ta v bin tnh cht m lm cho n tr nn
kh tiu
Tannin c s lin kt gy bin tnh kt ta cht m nn lm cho protein
tr nn rt kh tiu ha. Trong cc loi cy cao lng, nhng ging
nguyn thy, hm lng tannin rt cao. Nhng ging cao lng lai, ci
tin ca M c hm lng protein kh cao (11 - 13%), nhng v c cha
tannin nn kh nng tiu ha km, protein bao bc xung quanh ht tinh
bt, di tc ng ca tannin lm cho n kt ta, tiu ha km, t t l
tiu ha tinh bt cng km theo. Nu cao lng c hp hi v p dp
lm kh cho th n s tiu ha tt hn rt nhiu.

2. Tannin cn c nh hng nh l mt cht khng dinh dng:
S c mt ca tannin trong mt vi loi cy c lm thc n gia sc c nh
hng quan trng, khng nhng lm gim kh nng tiu ha, m cn lm
gim tnh ngon ming ca th, lm thay i trao i cht trong d c v
gy c hi (toxicity) cho ng vt.
Cu trc ha hc ca gossypol
(Peter R. Cheeke, 1998)
O H
O H
CHO O H
CH
C H
3
C H
3
C H
3
CH
C H
3
C H
3
O H CHO
O H
O H
C H
3
Gossypol trong ht bng vi.
Gi tr v gii hn ca ht bng vi
Gossypol l hp cht hu c c hi c tng hp ra bi cy
bng vi (Gossypium spp.), c rt nhiu ging cy thuc h
ny. Loi bng vi s dng sn xut si c 2 ging ch yu,
l Gossypium hirsutum v gossypium barbadense. Ht bng
vi gy ng c cho gia sc c ngi ta bit n rt lu,
cng chnh l yu t gii hn ca kh du bng vi.
Nu s dng mc thp kh du bng vi, khong 3,5 kg cho
b sa trong 1 ngy th c tc dng nng cao sc sn xut sa
v t l bo trong sa (theo ti liu DMello, 1997). Kh du
bng vi l ngun cung cp protein rt c gi tr cho gia sc,
gia cm.
Nhng v ht bng vi c cha c t gossypol cho nn cn thn
trng khi s dng. Gia cc loi th th th nhai li trng
thnh, nh c vi sinh vt d c m kh nng gii c cht
gossypol tt hn cc loi th n v.
Tn sn
phm
Gossypol
Gossypol isomers
(% tng s)
Tng s
(mg/kg)
T do
(mg/kg)
(+) (-)
V ht
bng vi
1.070 490 58,4 40,6
Nhn ht
bng vi
12.000 12.400 61,2 38,8
Ton b ht
bng vi
6.600 6.800 61,2 38,8
Kh du
p c hc
10.900 600 59,9 40,1
Ngun ti liu: Forster, L. A., Calhoun, M. C., M. C., Feedstuffs,
67,16, 1995.
Hm lng c t gossypol trong ht bng vi
C ch v triu chng ng c gossypol
Triu chng ng c trn heo, cu, b l s u c tim (cardiotoxic). Biu hin
lm sng l th kh th, au vng bng, c lin hm sng ty ln, tnh
mch c cng phng biu hin tnh trng suy tim rt nng v cui cng cht.
Do suy tim m mu khng ht v tim c nn ng li tnh mch rt
cng. Bnh tch gan c s mu v hoi t, t bo gan, vim ph n.

Kim tra cc ch tiu sinh l sinh ha mu c nhng bin i bt thng nh:
V t bo hng cu do tng p sut thm thu bn trong t bo. Cc ch tiu
huyt hc nh hemoglobin v hematocrit u gim di mc bnh thng.

Kim tra ch tiu sinh ha mu trn chut th nghim nhn thy vitamin E,
vitamin C, enzyme glutathion peroxidase v cc hot cht chng oxyha
khc u gim mnh (Bender et al, 1988). Nguyn nhn ca s gim sc ny
l do gossypol lin kt trc tip vi mng t bo, thc y phn ng ca
mng vi oxygen to ra nhiu gc t do (free radicals) peroxyd lm h hng
cc cht chng oxyha ca mu v t bo, lm hi ty lp th (mitochondrial)
v acid nucleic (DNA). Do ph hy mng t bo c tim nn nng ion K
+

thay i gy ra ri lon hot ng ca c tim.
Phng php gim tc hi ca gossypol
Kh c bng x l cng nghip kh du bng vi,
phng php kh c gossypol gm 2 bc :
- S dng acetol chit rt bo,
- Nng cao nhit kh du bng vi.
Sau khi x l nh vy gossypol trong kh du s tr
nn mt tc dng c hi. Nhc im ca phng
php ny l lm cho protein b bin tnh tr nn kh
tiu v gim gi tr sinh vt hc.

Gim tc hi ca gossypol: B sung vo thc n mui
Fe kt ta gossypol thi ra theo phn.
Cc acid amin bt thng NPAA
(Non Protein Amino Acid)
145
Leucaena
leucocephala
Aromatic:
Mimosine
51
40
98
9
29
20
12
Canavalia
ensiformis
Gliricidia sepium
Robinia
pseudoacacia
Indigofera spicata
Vicia villosa
Indigofera spicata
Lathyrus cicera
Arginine analogues:
Canavanine
Indospicine
Homoarginine
1,5
25
16
Vicina Sativa
Lathyrus sativa
Lathyrus latifolius
Neurolathyrogens:
-cyanoalanine
-(N-oxalylamino)alanine
,-diaminobutyric acid
Hm lng
(g kg
-1
cht kh)
Cc ging
cy h u
Acid amin bt thng
OH
H
2
C CH COOH
NH
2
OH
OH
H
2
C CH CH
3
NH
2
Thyrosine dihydroxyphenylalanyle (DOPA)
3,4-
OH
OH
H
2
C CH
2
NH
2
OH
OH
HC CH
2
NH
2
OH Noradrenaline
Dopamine
N
O
OH
H
2
C CH COOH
NH
2
Mimosine
C H
3
J J J
CH
3
J J J J
OH OH O O
J J J
OH OH
MIT
DIT
T
3
T
4
OH
H
2
C CH COOH
NH
2
OH
OH
H
2
C CH CH
3
NH
2
Thyrosine dihydroxyphenylalanyle (DOPA)
3,4-
OH
OH
H
2
C CH
2
NH
2
OH
OH
HC CH
2
NH
2
OH Noradrenaline
Dopamine
N
O
OH
H
2
C CH COOH
NH
2
Mimosine
C H
3
J J J
CH
3
J J J J
OH OH O O
J J J
OH OH
MIT
DIT
T
3
T
4
Mimosin v Thyrosin
Cy Bnh linh Leucaena
Scientific Name:

Leucaena Leucocephala

Common Name:

Ipin - ipin

Species Most Often Affected:

Cattle, goats, sheep

Poisonous Parts:

leaves, seed

Primary Poisons:

Mimosin

Hm lng mimosin trong l bnh linh (%) trng thi kh
(IDRC, Devendra, C - 1989)
3,9 4,9 4,3 4,0 2,5 7,1 7,6 7,2 7,4 6,3 Trung bnh


4,2
4,3
3,9
4,5
3,4
4,0
3,0
3,7
4,1


4,8
6,7
4,4
4,5
4,3
5,8
4,5
4,8
4,3


3,8
4,2
4,1
4,6
4,0
3,8
5,1
4,8
4,4


6,2
3,8
5,6
4,0
3,5
3,4
1,3
3,3
4,4


2,0
2,6
1,6
4,9
1,9
3,0
1,3
1,8
3,5


7,8
9,2
6,9
7,6
5,2
6,6
6,8
6,9
7,2


8,7
9,1
7,7
6,7
6,7
7,2
8,0
7,7
6,4


5,8
7,8
7,0
8,0
5,8
7,0
8,7
7,8
6,9


9,6
8,7
9,3
6,3
5,0
5,7
7,8
6,8
7,5


6,9
11,2
3,7
9,3
3,4
6,4
2,5
5,5
7,8
Cc ging bnh linh
Leucaena type:
K
8
. (c)
K
8
. (Hawaiian)
K
28
.
K
67
.
K
156
.
Cv Peru
Cv Cunningham
Peruvian
Cte dvoire
Trung
bnh
8 6 4 2
Trung
bnh
8 6 4 2
L gi L non Trng thi l

Thng
D con b bu c do n thc n c
cht khng gip trong thc vt
Hai tuyn gip trng hai bn c phnh to
Canavanine v nhng hp cht i khng vi Arginine
Arginine
C N H
2
NH O CH
2
CH
2
CH COOH
NH NH
2
C N H
2
NH CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH COOH
NH NH
2
Canavanine
C N H
2
CH
2
NH
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH COOH
NH
2
Indospicine
C N H
2
NH CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH COOH
NH NH
2
Homoarginine
CH
2
N H
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH COOH
NH
2
Lysine
Cy so a Sesbania grandiflora
Scientific Name:

Sebania grandiflora

Common Name:



Species Most Often Affected:

cattle, chickens, humans, sheep

Poisonous Parts:

all

Primary Poisons:

canavanine

C Linh lng (C Alfalfa, Lucerna)
Scientific Name:

Medicago sativa

Common Name:

Alfalfa or Lucerne

Species Most Often Affected:

cattle, chickens, humans, sheep

Poisonous Parts:

all

Primary Poisons:

canavanine, saponins

Nhm cht acid amin bt thng
gy triu chng ng c thn kinh Neurolathyrogen
C
O
CH
2
HC
COOH
NH
2
NH
2
CH
2
NH
2
HC
COOH
NH
2
CH
2
NH
C
COOH
O
HC
COOH
NH
2
Asparagine
Alfa, Beta-Diamino
Propionic Acid
Beta-N-Oxalyl, Alfa, Beta-Diamino
Propionic Acid, ODAP
(Neurolathyrogen)
C
CH
2
HC
COOH
N
NH
2
NH
2
CH
2
CH
2
HC
COOH
NH
2
CH
3
C
NH
CH
2
CH
2
HC
COOH
O
NH
2
Gama-N-Diaminobutyric Acid
(Neurolathyrogen)
Alfa, Gama-Diaminobutyric Acid
BCNA (Neurolathyrogen)
Beta-Cyanoalanine
BCNA (Neurolathyrogen)
C
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
N
Beta-Aminopropionitrile, BAPN
(Osteolathyrogen)
Gama-Glutamyl-Beta-Cyanoalanine
(Neurolathyrogen)
Gama-Glutamyl-aminopropionitrile
(Osteolathyrogen)
1
2
3
4
5
Cy u Lathyrus
Scientific Name:

Lathyrus spp.

Common Name:

Sweet Pea, Tangier Pea, Everlasting Pea, Caley Pea and
Singletary Pea

Species Most Often Affected:

horses, rodents, turkeys, sheep, humans

Poisonous Parts:

seeds

Primary Poisons:

DABA, ODAP, amine, phenol, glycoside

S c hi thn kinh ca lathyrogens trn gia cm.
Lathyrogen Loi gia cm Cch cp v liu Biu hin ng c
-Cyanoalanine G con, gi
Trong T (0,75g/kg)
hoc chch di da
Co git tetanos, cht
LD
50
=70mg/kgBW.
-(N-oxalylamino)-
alanine (BOAA)
G con, gi



Loi c cnh
trng thnh
Chch trong phc mc
* 20mg/con
* 30mg/con

Chch phc mc
* 100 mg/con
- u, c co
git
khc thng.
- T vong

- Biu hin ng c
,-diaminobutyric acid
G con, gi
Chch phc mc
3,2 hoc 6,5mmol/kg
BW

12,9mmol/kg th
trngBW
Cha xut hin triu
chng ng c.

Tng hm lng
glutamine trn no
Protein c hi (Toxic protein)
protease inhibitor
1. Trong sa u c cht antitrypsine, n chng li s tiu ha protein ca
enzyme Trypsin v chymotrypsin. Nh vy m n bo v c cc
cht khng th c trong sa u ca m chuyn sang con bng cch
hp th trc tip qua lp t bo nim mc rut.

2. Trong cc loi ht h u cha x l u c mt lng ng k cht
antitrypsine, ty thuc theo cc ging u. Trong thc tin ng ch
nht l ht u nnh v u c ve c cht khng tiu ha v khng
dinh dng rt cao.

3. Trong u nnh cn c cht lectin cn gI l hemagglutinin, n gy ra
kt dnh lm ngng kt hng cu.

Tt c chng u l protein c hi !
Hot ng
protease
Protease
inhibitor
Thnh phn cc cht khng enzyme proteinase
trong u nnh
1. Glycinin: Bng phng php in di ngi ta tch ra 1
fracio protein glycin gi n l glycinin . Cht ny c tc
dng c ch hot ng thi tit ca tuyn ty v lm gim
hot ng ca dch tuyn, gim hot ng men trypsin,
chymotrypsin v amylase.

2. Lectin (hemagglutinin): N cng l mt loi protein (Lectin
protein fracio). N c c tnh l lm kt dnh (ngng kt)
hng cu.

3. Soyin: Cht ny c pht hin trc tin trong ht u
nnh nn ly tn u nnh t tn cho n, trong rut,
soyin c ch hot ng ca men trypsin v lipase lm gim
s tiu ha m v m.



Khng c antigen
C antigen
Antigen trong u nnh sng lm h hng
lp t bo lng nhung ca rut
Hnh m phng lp t bo lng nhung c v khng
c antigen u nnh vi ng thi hp thu dinh dng
Khng c antigen
C antigen
So snh tc dng khng dinh dng ca
Lectin v cht khng enzyme proteinase
Cht kt dnh protein (Lectin)
Cht khng men proteinase
T l cht cao.
Gim tnh ngon ming.
c ch sinh trng.
Gim s hp thu cht dinh dng.
Tng sinh rut non (rut non ln) .
Tng sinh gan (gan b ln).
Bi trin tuyn ty.
Tng sn sinh vi sinh vt trong rut.
Gim ngun d tr lipid, glucogen
v protein.

c ch sinh trng.
Gim tiu ha protein.
Tng s o thi acid amin cha
lu- hunh.
Bi trin tuyn ty.
Protein kt dnh c hi: Lectin
c tnh rt mnh ca cy thu du c ghi nhn nhng
thp k gn y. Ngi ta chit xut mt hot cht lm
ngng kt hng cu. Sau ngi ta cng tm thy loi cht
c c tnh ny cng c trong mt s loi thc vt khc nh:
u nnh soybean, u Abrus precatorius, trong mt s loi
nm v c trong mt s loi ng vt cng c. Ngi ta t tn
cho n l lectin.

Lectins l mt i phn t glycoproteins c phn t trng t
60.000 100.000 v., n c coi l cht kt dnh hng cu.
Lectin lm gim s sinh trng trn ng vt, gy tiu chy
v gy tr ngi cho vic hp thu dinh dng, v vy ngi ta
coi n l cht c. Ty theo loi lectin khc nhau, cu trc
khc nhau m tc hi ca n cng khc nhau.

Trong nhiu loi lectin th c nht vn l Ricin trong cy thu
du.
Chc nng sinh hc ca lectin
Cho n nay ngi ta bit c lectin c th c lin kt gia t bo v cc phn t
carbohydrate. N c th c chc nng sinh l iu khin c ch chng li vi sinh
vt, su b v cc loi ng vt ph hi cy trng.

Khi ngi ta cho nhim nm ln cy trng th nhn thy hm lng lectin trong cy
trng tng ln. Trong nhng cy h u th lectin c tha nhn l mt c cht
c cha ng cho vi khun c nh m hot ng.

Lectin trong cy h u s kt dnh vi vi khun c nh m trong t vo r cy.
y vi khun ly ng t cy u qua lectin cung cp v vi khun ly nitrogen
t kh tri tng hp ra cht m hu c ban u ri cung cp li cho cy. Trn
nguyn l ny, th cy h u sn xut nhiu lectin hn cc loi cy khc.

Nhng chc nng khc ca lectin c th:
- L mt enzyme (nhng cha bit r c cht tc ng ca n)
- L ngun d tr protein cung cp cho cy pht trin.
- Lectin cn c tc dng bo v v mt c hc i vi cy.
- Lectin l cnh tay ca t bo vn rng ra mi trng.
- Lectin kch thch Mitogenic
- Lectin chuyn vn carbohydrate.
- Lectin ng gi hoc huy ng cht liu d tr cho t bo.
Cu trc ca lectin
Lectin c c tnh kt dnh vi nhiu hp cht khc nhau. Ngi ta rt ch
n cc v tr kt dnh v coi l nhng im hot ng ca lectin.

im kt dnh vi ion kim loi: y l nhng v tr c kh nng bt gi ion
kim loi rt cao.Nhng im ny c cu trc acid amin c kh nng lin
kt vi ion kim loi, gi mt cm nh vy l mt n v ph (subunit), v
tr bt ion kim loi gi l concanavalin A, n l mt chui polypeptide c
cha: aspartic 10, asparagine 14, histidine 24, serin 34, glutamic acid 8 v
tyrosione 12.

im kt dnh k nc:
im cu to ny c dng l hng, c vai tr sinh hc rt quan trng, im
kt dch k nc c auxins, hoc cytokinin v adenine, n c chc nng
tng cng chu k sng thc vt.

im kt dnh Glycosylation:
y l im kt dnh khng phi l glycoprotein m l mt v tr sulfur
ha glucose (glycosynolated precursors).

im kt dnh carbohydrate:
y l v tr cho lectin c kh nng kt dnh vi cc loi
Cu trc phn t ca lectin
Cu trc khng gian (Stereos) ca phn t lectin trong cy u
c tnh ca Lectin
Khi tim dch chit xut u kidney bean cho chut th gy ra s thoi ha m t
chc.
Gan b hoi t cc b, thi ha m. Xut huyt d dy, thnh rut non v mt s c
quan khc. Sng phng cc mao mch, xut hin trn thn, c tim vi nhiu cc
mu nghn.
Biu m rut non tng sinh, t bo khe ln ra v s tng hp DNA nhiu, cui cng
lm gim hp thu dng cht, nht l glucose rut non. Ricin, abrin, crotin, v
nhng c t khc c lin quan n lectin u gy ra nhng bnh tch kh ging
nhau nh: Vim sng rut non vi s h hi t bo nim mc, ph n, xung huyt,
xut huyt trong t chc hch bch huyt, l bnh tch chung rt ph bin. Mt
vi triu chng khc nh thoi ha m v hoi t gan, suy c tim, xut hin mu
cc lm tt nghn mao qun cng c th thy khi th n nhiu lectin thc vt.
Lectin gy ra triu chng tit cht nhy rt nhiu trn ng tiu ha, c th gy
cht sc vt. Trong th nghim invitro cho thy t bo rut b thng tn rt nng
n do lectin trong u sng. Lectin cng c ch hp thu vitamin nhm B rt mnh.
Lectin c tnh kt dnh cao nn n lm h hi chc nng t bo, git cht t bo.
Nhng t bo c vai tr cm th (receptor) cng nhanh chng mt i vai tr ny.
Nhng t bo hng cu cng ri vo tnh trng nh th v b tiu dit. Lectin cn
lm mt ht tc dng ca nhng protein vn chuyn khng cn kh nng vn
chuyn dinh dng, kch thch t, khong cho t chc m bo.
H thng khng th cng b v hiu ha bi c t lectin ny.
Cc phng php kh c t Lectin
S dng nhit cao:
y l c t c cu trc nh mt protein, v vy mun kh chng,
phi lm cho n bin tnh khng cn kh nng kt dnh na, nh
th n khng cn tnh cht ca mt c t lectin, n s tr thnh
mt loi protein no cung cp dinh dng cho c th. Tuy nhin
mi loi lectin c yu cu ch x l nhit khc nhau. V d lectin
trong cy thu du l ricin phi hm chn trong autoclauve nhit
cao di 1 atm mi ph c n. Trong khi lectin trong u
nnh ch cn 105
o
C trong na gi th c th ph hy n.
S dng vi sinh vt ln men:
Ngy nay bng cng ngh ln men acid, c th ph hy c t lectin
m khng cn nhit cao x l. DabomB l sn phm giu m
u nnh c ch t cng ngh ln men ny (Taiwan, 2003).
S dng ha cht kh c t:
C th s dng ha cht nh formaldehyd ph hy c t kt
dnh lectin, ricin.. Nhng formaldehyd lm h hng acid amin c
cha vng phenol, d lng ca n kh c hi cho t bo, c th
gy ung th nn hng ny khng c s dng.
Lectin v bnh ung th
Lectin c kh nng kt dnh trn b mt t bo ung th do ngi ta c
th s dng n trong chin lc iu tr bnh ung th. Khi sn xut
khng th n dng anti-lectin antibodie, c th to ra khng th
kim ch s sinh trng ca t bo ung th, c ch s pht trin t bo
ung th phi trong th nghim in vivo.
Lectin c tim nng trong chin lc iu tr ung th rt ln, bi v s c
mt ca n trn b mt t bo ung th bao bc v git cht t bo
ung th.
Th nghim a lectin ca mm ht la m (wheat germ lectin, WGA) vo
ng nghim c cha t bo ung th (bladder cancer T-24 cells) v i
bch cu macrophage th WGA kt dnh v git ch t bo ung th, sau
i bch cu thc bo t bo v tiu bin t bo ung th.
Nhng nghin cu gn y ngi ta nhn thy c 4 loi t bo ung th rt
nhy cm vi cht kt dnh b mt WGA ca la m, l: T-24
bladder carcinoma, A-375 melanoma, ACHN renal carcinoma, and
U373MG glioblastoma.
Ngi ta cng coi lectin trong mm ht la m l yu t ngn chn ung th.
D ng thc phm
(Food Hypersensitivity)
Lin quan n IgE
Phn ng mnh
Ty thuc tnh
mn cm ca c th
Lin quan n t bo
Bnh Celiac
Gy vim rut mn, tiu chy
Ci cc chm ln vi tr em
D ng thc phm
Food Allergy
C ch gii phng cht mi gii gy d ng
Food Allergy Research & Resource Program
T bo
Nhy cm
T bo ch
Basophil
T bo
nhy cm
Kch thch
sn xut
khng th
Bch cu
mt ht nh
Gii phng: Histamin,
C cht phn ng chm
ca tnh qu mn SRS-A,
Nhn t ha hc ca t
Bo a eosin ECF-A
Yu t gy d ng
C ch sinh khng th IgE gy d ng
Link Video Clips
Tnh ph bin ca
d ng thc phm
Tr em m nga/tr em ln - 4-8%
Ngi trng thnh - 1-2%

-u phng.
-Cy hch.
-Sa.
-Trng.
-u nnh.
-C bin.
-Nhuyn th.
-La m.
Do cc nguyn
nhn khc
Nguyn nhn
d ng thc n
(90%):
Cc nguyn nhn
Khc 10%:
Nguyn nhn d ng
Nguyn nhn
do thc n
Triu chng in hnh ca d ng
thc n c lin quan n phn ng
khng th IgE vi thc n
ng tiu ha
Bun nn
i ma
au bng
Tiu chy
Ton thn
Shock qu mn cp
Trn da
Ni m ai
angioedema
Vim da atopic
ng h hp
Vim mi
Ph thanh qun
Ln cn hen
Nguyn nhn g gy ra
d ng thc n?
Protein thng xy ra mt cch t nhin.
Protein khng nhit, khng bin tnh khi nu.
Sn phm thy phn protein cng c th gy ra.
Protein khng vi s bin i pH d dy.
Thng thng protein ng vai tr ch yu.
Thc phm c cha 1 hoc nhiu yu t gy d
ng trong n.
Nhng cht gy d ng
Hu nh tt c nhng cht gy d ng l protein
nhng khng phi tt c protein u gy d ng
Thc phm c cha protein gy d ng khong
1% ca protein, mt t l rt thp.
Rt nhiu cht gy d ng u n nh, khng b
bin i trong qu trnh tiu ha v ch bin.
Cht gy d ng ch yu nm trong ngun thc
phm giu protein.
Phn ng d ng c th
Link Video Clips
Protein v cng ngh sinh hc
K thut gene kim sot chnh xc protein do c th sinh
vt sn xut ra
i b phn protein do cy trng sn xut ra u b
enzyme phn gii, khng n nh trong qu trnh tiu ha
v ch bin.
Yu cu ng dng sn phm thc phm cng ngh sinh
hc phi th loi protein mi sn xut ra vi enzyme tiu
ha v qu trnh ch bin, nht l loi cy trng khng su
bnh, chm chn)
Cng ngh sinh hc c th lm gim kh nng gy d ng
ca thc phm nu c kim sot ngun gen mt cch k
lng. Ngc li vi qu trnh ny, cng ngh sinh hc
cng c th lm tng kh nng gy d ng nu khng kim
sot k.
Cn quan tm v yu t gy d ng
tm nng ca thc phm chuyn gen
GMO
Nn tng ca s nh gi kh nng
gy d ng ca sn phm chuyn gen
Trnh chuyn yu t gy d ng bit c
Gen tha nhn t ngun thc phm gy d
ng phi c m ha v tch khi sinh vt
chuyn gen.
Phi nh gi tm nng gy d ng ca tt c
protein do sinh vt chuyn gen sn xut ra.
Gen no u gy d ng cn phi xc nh
c, nn cn nhc k ngun thay th hoc
chin lc gim thp nguy c, hoc loi
thi sn phm c nguy c.
Qu trnh tiu
ha lin tip
ging nhau
Ngun Gene
(gy d ng): Yes - No
Thc hin lin
tip ging nhau
Th chch
trn da
DBPCFC
(IRB)
P d ng

C th d ng

Khng d ng

C Khng
C
C C
C
C
Khng
Khng (<5 sera)
Khng (>5 sera)
C
Khng
Pha quyt nh th tnh min dch



Less Commonly
Allergenic
Commonly
Allergenic
Khng c du hin
D ng

Khng
Khng
Pha quyt nh th tnh min dch



D ng
him thy
D ng
thng thng
nh gi tm nng gy d ng ca thc
phm t thc vt c thit k di truyn
Food Allergy Research & Resource Program
Ngun gene
gy d ng
Th lin tip
ging nhau
Th lin tip
Ging nhau
Kim tra
sn lc
huyt thanh
Kim tra
sn lc mc tiu
huyt thanh
Th khng pepsin
&
Th nghim trn ng vt
+/+ +/ - - / -
Cao thp
Kh nng
d ng
Biu hin
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
C
Khng C
C
C
C
ging nh
d ng
nh gi tm nng gy d ng ca thc phm
t sn phm cng ngh thc phm FAO/WHO 2001
Ngun gene
Ngun gene bit c c th gy d ng
Cht gy d ng thc phm
Cht gy d ng mi trng (phn hoa, bo t
mc, vt b nh, mt s ng vt...)
Cht d ng ngh nghip.
Ngun gen khng c kh nng gy d ng.
Sn lc huyt thanh mc tiu
Th kh nng kt dnh gia IgE ca huyt thanh
ca ngi d b d ng vi protein l.
Ngun: Cy 1 l mm (phn c)
Cy 2 l mm (u phng, birch pollen)
ng vt khng xng sng (tm, dust mite)
ng vt c xng sng (trng, s b)
Mc meo, Nm men, v nm cao cp.
Ly mu sn lc huyt thanh ch,
th biu l d ng huyt thanh
Hiu lc v cht lng huyt thanh ca mu
ngi th phn ng.
Th vi protein l c trong t nhin xem c.
phn ng i khng ngng kt khng.
Xc nh phn ng cho do carbohydrate.
Kh nng phn ng dng tnh gi.
Th phn ng c c hiu hay cn m h.
Thuc tnh ha l ca cht gy d
ng thc phm
Tt c nhng cht gy d ng thc n phi
c th trn m hnh tiu ha mu.
Protein khng gy d ng d dng b phn
hy trong m hnh tiu ha mu.
Cht gy d ng thng khng b phn hy,
n nh trong qu trnh ch bin thc n
(v d b u phng, bt u nnh c th..).
Cht gy d ng c rt phong ph trong
thc phm.
Nhng cht gy d ng thc phm
Ngun Protein % Protein TS Tnh n nh Mnh v

Cht gy d ng ca trng v sa:
Egg Ovalbumin (Gal d 2) 54 60 -
Milk -lactoglobulin 9 60 -
Egg Ovomucoid (Gal d 1) 11 8 -
Milk Casein 80 2 15
Milk BSA 1 0.5 15
Milk a-lactalbumin 4 0.5 2
Egg Conalbumin (Gal d 3) 12 0 15

Cht gy d ng ca ht
Soy -Conglycinin (b ) 18.5 60 -
Soy Kunitz trypsin Inhibitor 2 - 4 60 -
Peanut Ara h 2 6 60 -
Mustard Sin a I 20 60 -
Mustard Bra j IE 20 60 -
Soy Lectin 1- 2 15 -
Peanut Lectin 1.3 8 -
Soy -Conglycinin (a) 18.5 2 60
Soy Glycinin 51 0.5 15
Soy Gly m BD 30K 2 - 3 0 8
Protein trong thc vt thng thng v
Protein c gii thiu
_
Protein % Protein TS Tnh n nh

Protein thc vt th6ng thng
Rubisco LSU (spinach leaf) 25 <15 giy
Rubisco SSU (spinach leaf) 25 <15 sec
Lipoxygenase (soybean seed) < 1 <15 sec
Glcolate reductase (spinach leaf) < 1 <15 sec
PEP carboxylase (corn kernel) < 1 <15 sec
Acid phosphatase (potato tube) < 1 <15 sec
Sucrose Synthetase (wheat kernel) < 1 <15 sec
-amylase (barley kernel) < 1 <15 sec

Protein gii thiu
B.t.t < .01 < 30 sec
B.t.k. HD-73 < .01 30 sec
B.t.k. HD-1 < .01 30 sec
CP4 EPSPS < .1 < 15 sec
GOX < .01 < 15 sec
ACCd < .4 < 15 sec
GUS .01 < 15 sec
NPTII < .01 < 10 sec

Cy mui (Rhus copallina, R. aromata)
(sumac tree) c cha cht gy d ng da
Cy mui cng c cht c hi gy d ng da
Ng c cy si, cy Ivy, v cy mui
Cy Ivy, Oak, v Sumac
l loi thc vt sn xut
ra cht cht nha c gi
l urushiol. Loi nha
ny c trong r, thn, l,
v qu chn mng. Nha
ny dnh vo da gy ra
d ng rt mnh.
http://peer.tamu.edu/integrated/2_China/china.ppt
Cy Ivy (Hedera helix),
Cy thng xun
Cy Oak (Quercus spp.)
Cy Sumac (Rhus copallina,
R. aromata)
Hp cht Urushiol
Cht urushiol trong cy ivy c
Cht urushiol trong cy oak c
Forearm approximately 10 days after
exposure to poison ivy in a garden
http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic452.htm
Nha cy gy d ng da
Link Video Clips
Scientific Name:

Quercus spp.

Common Name:

Oak Trees

Species Most Often Affected:

horse, cattle

Poisonous Parts:

acorns, young leaves

Primary Poisons:


gallotannins, quercitrin, and
quercitin

Cy si (Oak Trees) cng gy d ng
Ng c cy si / cy thng xun / cy mui
(oak tree / ivy tree / sumac tree)
Gy d ng (Allergen):
Nguyn nhn gy ng c d ng ca 3 loi cy ny
l do trong nha cy, qu, l c cha cht Urushiol
kch thch rt mnh.

C ch gy c:
Khi tip xc vi cht nha ny s gy ra d ng rt
mnh; ch 1 liu rt nh khong 1 mcg.
Nha cc loi cy ny thm qua da rt nhanh v lin
kt vi protein ca da, gy ra d ng mnh, ra cng
khng c tc dng g khi n lin kt cht.
Triu chng bnh tch:
Bnh tch ch xut hin trn ch da ni tip xc vi nha cy ny.
Nga da d di, sau ni ban rc, ph, sng gip da.
Pht sinh triu chng mnh lit trong khong 24-48 gi.
Cha lnh vt thng c th ko di 2-3 tun

Phng tr nhim c:
Aluminum Acetate (Burow's Soaks) ngm trong 15-30 min
Aveeno bath (colloidal oatmeal) bi 2-3 ln/ngy/30 pht
Ung antihistamines (NOT topical) cho gim nga

Lm kh vt thng:
Bi ln ch d ng loi thuc Hydrocortisone CREAM 0.5 % dng
4-6 ln/ngy
Triu chng v phng tr nhim c d ng
V. Cc cht nhy cm quang hc
Photosensitive compounds
Hypericum perforatum
c tnh dc liu v
c tnh Hypericin
http://www.cdfin.iastate.edu/botanical/presentations/center/general/2004 EAC meeting progress.ppt
Cy nc si Hypericum
Scientific Name:

Hypericum perforatum

Common Name:

St. Johns Wort, Klamath Weed

Species Most Often Affected:

horses, sheep, goats

Poisonous Parts:

all

Primary Poisons:

hypericum

Cu trc ha hc ca Hypericin
CH
3
CH
3
O H
O H
OH O OH
OH O OH
Hypericin
OH
OH
Me
OH OH
OH OH O
O
Me
CH
2
OH
OH
OH
Me
OH OH
OH OH O
O
Hypericin
Pseudohypericin
Khng virus
Khng ung th
Cn tr ng tn hiu
t bo
Nhng dn xut c hot tnh sinh hc
Trong cy Hypericum perforatum
S sp xp li lin kt v s chuyn Proton trong
hot ng quang hc ca Hypericin
aaa
H H
H
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
Me
O O
O O O
O
H
H H
H
H
H
OH
OH
Me
O O
O O O
O
H
Light Energy
http://www.cdfin.iastate.edu/botanical/presentations/center/general/2004 EAC meeting progress.ppt
Hypericin Hypericin hot ha
O
2

H
2
O
Reactive Oxygen Species
1O
2
O
2
._
H
2
O
2
OH
._

nh sng
Phn ng nh sng ca Hypericin
Hot ng khng virus ca Hypericin
Hot ng khng virus c hiu nghim
99.99% gim virus HIV-1
nh hng chng li virus gm c:
retroviruses, herpesviruses, influenza
virus
Ebola, SARS, West Nile Virus,
Hepatitis C
Hot tnh ca n ph thuc vo nh sng
http://www.cdfin.iastate.edu/botanical/presentations/center/general/2004 EAC meeting progress.ppt
C ch tm nng tiu dit Virus ca Hypericin
http://www.cdfin.iastate.edu/botanical/presentations/center/general/2004 EAC meeting progress.ppt

Sn xut oxygen nguyn t
Sn xut gc t do
Chuyn vn Proton thay i pH
Tng tc vt l vi co-factors ca t bo
Y
o nghch
Phin m
ssRNA
dsDNA
Tch hp
Phin m
Dch m
M bc
Kt dnh/hp nht/i vo
Lp t
Gii phng
AAA
C ch gy c hi t bo ca Hypericin
Kiu
phn ng
oxyha
Hot ha JNK/p38
c ch PKC, ERK
cytochrome C
Hot ha caspase
Git cht t bo
Cao ROS
Peroxid lipid
Hoi t
O O O
O O O
H H
HO
HO
CH 3
CH 3
hn
(Reactive oxygen species)
http://www.cdfin.iastate.edu/botanical/presentations/center/general/2004 EAC meeting progress.ppt
Hypericin/St. John's Wort Info Sheet
PWA Health Group May, 1996
St. John's Wort may offer herbal
relief for depression
USC HYPERICIN FOR MALIGNANT GLIOMA STUDY
VIMRX Pharmaceuticals Inc.
PHYTO PROZ SUPREME
Nature's RX
Cy Kiu mch Buckwheat
Scientific Name:

Fagoypyrum esculentum

Common Name:

Buckwheat

Species Most Often Affected:

horses, goats

Poisonous Parts:



Primary Poisons:

Photosensitive compounds


Cy kiu mch v ht ca n
c s dng lm thc phm
cc nc n i
Kiu mch c
Ch bin nh lng thc
S phn b cht nhy cm quang hc trong thc n
v thuc phng tr bnh cho gia sc, gia cm
C nhiu loi thc vt c th gy ra ng c cho th khi
th n phi mt lng nhiu nh: Loi thc vt
Fagopirum vulgare, , Fagopirum esculentum (kiu
mch), Ammi visnaga v Ammi majus.
Vit nam cha c nhng nghin cu cht c t nhin
thuc loi ny, cn quan st bnh l trn gia sc k hn
mi pht hin c loi thc n no c cha hp cht
nhy cm quang hc.
Cht nhy cm quang hc cn c trong hm ru v nc
ra ca qu trnh ch tinh bt. Nu dng cc loi ny
v bo b, heo kt hp vi cho n c alfalfa v c
c 3 l Trifolium repens hoc T. pratense th cng xut
hin triu chng bnh vim dp da khi ra nng.
Triu chng ng c cht nhy cm quang hc
- Nu b sa n cht nhy cm quanh hc th hm lng ca n
trong sa cng tng ln. B sa v b s nhim c, di tc
dng ca tia nng mt tri c bc sng 540 - 610 nm lm cho
da ln nh qu t chn.
- Nu tip tc cho th n loi c ny na th lm vim dp lp t
bo da v tr thnh lp t bo cht trn da.
- Th rt kh chu, lm gim sc sn xut ng k, h hi n s
chuyn ho thc n. Nu qu nng c th gy t vong.
- Ngi ta cn nhn thy cht ny lm gim lng m ca sa v
gy tnh trng khng bnh thng v mi v v ca sa. Vi b
th khng nn cho n loi c ny (fagopyrum vulgare) qu 10
kg/con/ngy. Sau ny khi xc nh cu trc ha hc ca
Fagopyrin ngi ta thy n chnh l hp cht hypericin.

Nga ng c vim dp da sng mi do n loi
c c cha cht nhy cm quang hc Hypericin

B n c c cha cht nhy cm quang hc gy ra vim l da
Nhim c cht nhy cm quang
hc Phototoxin trn ngi
Hypericin
Furanocoumarins
Nguyn tc phng tr bnh tt do
cht nhy cm quang hc gy ra
Mun cha tr bnh ny phi trnh khng cho th trc tip di
nh sng mt tri hoc che chung cho ti bt, lm nh vy
cho n khi c th thi ra ht cc cht nhy cm quang hc
(photosensitiv compounds) mi cho th tr li mi trng
chn th bnh thng.
Khi xc nh bnh ng th a th vo phng ti v ct ngun
thc n c cha cht nhy cm quang hc (photosensitiv
compounds). Nu cho n thng xuyn cht photosensitiv th
sn phm ca n khi phn gii c th gy nh hng n chc
nng gan. Ngi ta cng c nhn xt khi cho heo n c alfalfa
thng xuyn th heo Yorkshire thiu sc t da hay sinh ra
chng vim da cn heo da mu th li khng sao, nh c sc
t mu ngn cn khng cho tia t ngai tc ng.
THE END