TRNG HXD MIN TRUNG KT CU B TNG CT THP

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CU HI N TP CHNG I

I. KHI NIM CHUNG

1) Th no l BTCT? Hy gii thch ti sao BT v CT c th
cng cng tc chu lc?
- BTCT l loi vt liu phc hp do BT v CT cng cng tc chu
lc.
- BT v CT c th cng cng tc chu lc v:
+ BT v CT dnh cht vo nhau do c th truyn lc qua li
cho nhau.
+ Gia BT v CT khng c phn ng ha hc.
+ H s dn n v nhit ca BT v CT gn bng nhau.
+ BT bo v CT khi b n mn.
2) Phn Loi BTCT?
- Theo phng php th cng:
+ BTCT ton khi.
+ BTCT lp ghp.
+ BTCT bn lp ghp.
- Phn theo trng thi ng sut khi ch to v s dng:
+ BTCT Thng.
+ BTCT ng Lc Trc.
3) Cho bit u im v nhc im, phm vi s dng ca kt cu
BTCT.
- u im:
+ C kh nng s dng vt liu a phng v tit kim vt liu
thp.
+ Va bn v t tn tin bo dng.
+ Chu la tt v BT bo v CT khi b nng chy nhanh.
+ C th to hnh dng kt cu khc nhau theo yu cu kin trc.
- Nhc im:
+ Trng lng ln kh lm c cc kt cu nhp ln bng BTCT
thng.
+ Cng tc ti ch phc tp ph thuc vo thi tit.
+ Kim tra cht lng kh.
+ Di tc dng ca ti trng v cc tc dng khc
CU HI N TP CHNG II

1) Hy cho bit cc nhn t quyt nh v nh hng n cng

ca BT?
TRNG HXD MIN TRUNG KT CU B TNG CT THP
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- Cc nhn t quyt nh: Cng ca BT ph thuc vo
thnh phn v cu trc ca n.
- Cc nhn t nh hng n cng ca BT:
+ Cht lng v s lng ca BT.
+ cng, sch v t l thnh phn ct liu.
+ T l nc XM.
+ Cht lng vic nho trn va BT
v m cht ca BT.
2) Th no l cng trung bnh, cng c trng, cng
tiu chun ca BT?
-
3) Mc theo cng chu nn M l g , cp bn chu nn ca BT
B l g? Mi quan h gia hai khi nim ny?
- Theo TCVN 574 -1991 Mc theo cng chu nn M l
con s ly bng cng trung bnh ca c c mu tnh bng
KG/cm
2
.
- Theo TCVN 356-2005 cp bn chu nn ca BT B l con
s ly t cng c trng ca mu th chun tnh bng n
v Mpa.
- Mi quan h gia hai khi nim ny l:
B= M
+

: h s chuyn i n v. (
=0,1)
+ : h s chuyn i t cng trung bnh sang
cng c trng. ( =0,778).
(Mu th chun l mu vung cn
h a=150 tui 28
ngy.)
4) Co ngt ca BT l g? Co ng
t ph thuc vo nhng yu t
no? Hy cho bit cc bin phap khc phc?
- Co ngt ca BT l hin tng BT gim th tch khi kh cng
trong khng kh. S co ngt khng u trong khi BT hoc co
ngt khng u s lm pht sinh ng sut ko v c th lm
BT b nt.
- Co ngt ph thuc vo nhng yu t:
+ Trong mi trng kh th co ngt ln hn mi trng mt.
+ Co ngt tng khi dng XM tng, t l nc - XM tng, dng
ct liu c rng hay ct mn.
- Hy cho bit cc bin phap khc phc:
+ Dng cu to thch hp.
+ t ct thp ni cn thit.
+ Lm khe co gin v to mch ngng khi thi cng.
5) Cho bit cc thnh phn bin dng ca BT?
TRNG HXD MIN TRUNG KT CU B TNG CT THP
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- Bin dng do ti trng.
- Bin dng n hi v bin dng do.
- Bin dng do t bin.
- Bin dng do mun n hi.
- Bin dng nhit.
6) T bin l g? T bin ph thuc vo nhng yu t no?
- T bin l hin tng bin dng tng theo thi gian.
- T bin ph thuc vo nhng yu t:
+ Khi r tng th bin dng t bin s tng.
R
r
b

= gi l ng sut t i.
- Tui BT bt u chu ti cng ln th bin dng t bin cng
gim.
- Mi trng m th t bin bin < mi trng kh.
- T l nc - Xm tng => cng ct liu b =>t bin s
tng.
7) ngha ca mun n hi ca BT?
-
8) Phn loi ct thp?
- Theo TCVN 1651- 1895 phn CT thnh 4 nhm:
+ CI: trn trn.
+ CII: c rn v c xon
vt 1 chiu.
+ CIII v CIV: c rn v c xon vt 2 chiu.
9) Th no l thp do?Thp dn? Khi nim thm chy? Cng
gii hn chy ca thp? Cng gii hn chy ca thp?
Cng tiu chun ca thp?
- Thp do l:
nhng thp c hm lng cabon thp v hp kim
thp cn nng.
- Thp dn l nhng CT qua gia cng ngui v gia cng nhit
thng thuc loi ny.
Thp dn khng c gii hn chy r
rng.
- Khi nim thm chy????
- Cng gii hn chy ca thp
10) ngha ca moun v n hi ca thp?
11) Nu tc dng ca lc dnh gia BT v ct thp
? Bin php
tng cng lc dnh? Cc nhn tt nh hng?
- Tc dng ca lc dnh gia BT v ct thp l yu t c bn m
bo s lm vic chung ca hai loi vt liu, lm cho CT v BT
cng bin dng vi nhau v c s truyn lc qua li gia
chng.
- Bin php tng cng lc dnh
:
+ Tng lc ma st gia BT v CT.
+ Tng s bm ca CT.
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+ Tng lc dn BT v CT.
- Cc nhn tt nh hng:
+ Trng thi chu lc.
+ chiu di on l.
+ Bin php nhm cn tr bin dng.
12) V sao ni rng do t bin m trong kt cu BTCT c s phn
phi li ng sut theo chiu hng c li?
V khi chu tt dng lu di Bt b t bin. CT khng t bin
v nh c lc dnh bm m CT cn tr t bin ca BT. Kt qu l
ng sut trong CT tng ln v ng sut trong BT gim
xung.
=> l s phn phi li ng sut do t bin ca BT.
13) Cho bit nhng h hng ca kt cu BT ct thp?
BTCT c th b ph hoi, h hng
do tc dng ca ngoi lc,
do bin dng cng bc hoc do tc ng bt li ca mi trng.
CU HI N TP CHNG III

1) Ni dung, yu cu thit k kt cu BTCT? Trnh t by bc thit

k kt cu BTCT?
Ni dung, yu cu thit k kt cu BTCT:
- Ni dung: thit k kt cu l vic lm bt u t cc tng
v n, tin hnh phn tch, tnh ton ri th hin kt qu bng
ngn ng v hnh nh.
- Yu cu thit k kt cu BTCT l tho mn cc diu kin v
s dng cng trnh, m bo bn vng
, dng vt liu mt
cch hp l, thun li cho thi cng v tnh ton kinh t.
By bc thit k kt cu BTCT:
- B1: M t v gii thiu v kt cu.
- B2: S b chn kch thc tit din.
- B3: Lp s tnh ton.
- B4: Xc nh cc loi ti trng tc dng ln kt cu.
- B5: Tnh ton ni lc.
- B6: Tnh ton v BTCT.
- B7: Thit k chi tit v th hin.
2) Phn loi ti trng tc dng? Phn bit ti trng tiu chun, ti
trng tnh ton?
Phn loi ti trng tc dng: Phn lm 2 nhm.
- Da vo tnh cht tc dng:
TRNG HXD MIN TRUNG KT CU B TNG CT THP
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+ Ti trng thng xuyn (tnh ti): l ti trng tc dng
khng i trong sut thi gian s dng kt cu.
+ Ti tm thi( hot ti): L ti trng c th thay i v im
c, gi tr, phng chiu.
+ Ti trng c bit: ng t, chy n, bom n,
- Da vo thi gian tc dng:
+ Ti trng di hn: ti trng thng xuyn cng vi mt phn
hot ti.
+ Ti trng ngn hn: Phn cn li ca hot ti.
+ Ti trng trng lp: l ti trng c tr s thay i nhanh,
thng theo chu k (ti trng rung ng).
Phn bit ti trng tiu chun, ti trng tnh ton:
- Ti trng tiu chun ly bng cc gi tr thng gp khi s
dng cng trnh c xc nh bng s liu thc t hay thng
k. (q
tc
)
- Ti trng tnh ton: q= n.q
tc
3) Trng thi gii hn l g? Kt cu BTCTc tnh theo nhng
trng thi gii hn no
?
Trng thi gii hn l trng thi m t tr i kt cu khng
tha mn nhng yu cu ra cho n nhm m bo kt cu
khng b mt n nh hay h hng do mi trng.
Kt cu BTCTc tnh theo nhng trng th i gii hn: theo 2
trng thi gii hn.
- TTGH 1: l trng thi gi hn v bn ( an ton). Tnh
ton theo trng thi gii hn ny nhm m bo cho kt cu
khng b ph hoi, khng b mt n nh, khng b h hng v
mi hoc chiu tc dng ng thi cc yu t v lc v nh
hng bt li ca mi trng.
- TTGH 2: l trng thi gi hn v iu kin lm vic lm bnh
thng. Ta tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn ny nhm m
bo cho kt cu khng c khe nt hoc bin dng qu mc cho
php.
4) Phn bit ct thpchu lc? Ct thp cu to?
Ct thp chu lc: c dng chu cc ng lc pht sinh do
ti trng tc dng. Chng c xc nh hoc c kim tra bng
tnh ton.
Ct thp cu to: t vo kt cu vi nhiu tc dng khc nhau:
lin kt ct lc th nh khung hoc li, gi ct chu lc khi
thi cng v lm gim co ngt khng u trong BT, chu ng
sut do nhit thay i, ngn s m rng ca vt nt, lm
phn b tc dng ca ti trng tp trung
5) Th no l chiu dy ca lp BT bo
v ct thp? Tc dng?
Nu quy nh c th trong cc cu kin?
TRNG HXD MIN TRUNG KT CU B TNG CT THP
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Chiu dy ca lp BT bo v ct thp l chiu dy ca lp bo v
c tnh t mp ngoi ca BT n mp
ngoi nht ca CT.
Tc dng: lp bo v m bo s lm vic ng thi ca BT v
CT. ng thi cng bo v CT khi cc tc ng ca mi trng.
Nu quy nh c th trong cc cu kin:
( xem phn)
6) Tc dng ca khong h gia cc ct thp? Nu quy nh c
th trong cc cu kin?
Tc dng ca khong h gia cc ct thp:
CT c t vi khon h rng va BT c th lt qua
v cho xung quanh mi CT c c mt lp bo v m bo cho
iu kin lc dnh.
Quy nh c th trong cc cu kin
: (xem hnh)
7) V sao phi neo ct thp? Chiu di on
no c tnh nh
th no?
Phi neo ct thp v CT pht huy ht kh nng chu lc. ( c 2
loi neo: neo gp = 4590
0
Chiu di on n o c tnh nh sau:

|
|

\
|
A + =
an
b
s
an an
R
R
w l
Trong thc t thng ly theo kinh nghim:
- on neo ca thp chu lc th on neo ta ly
an
l 30( )
(thng 35 )
- on neo ca thp chu nn
an
l 15( ) (thng 20 )
- Cc thanh thp dc chu ko, nn th phi ko di thm vung
gc vi trc cu kin m chng c tnh vi ton b
cng tnh ton.
8) V sao li phi ni ct thp? Ni hn, ni buc- u nhc im,
phm vi s dng?
Phi ni ct thp khi chiu di thanh thp khng hoc nu
dng thanh thp di qu s lm tr ngi trong thi cng (khi phi
dng ng thanh thp).????
CU HI N TP CHNG I V

1) Cho bit th no l kt cu dng bn, dm?

Kt cu dng bn c chiu dy kh b so vi chiu di v chiu
rng.
Kt cu dng dm c chiu di kh ln so vi chi rng v chiu
cao.
TRNG HXD MIN TRUNG KT CU B TNG CT THP
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2) Cho bit cc loi CT t trong bn. N
u yu cu v tc dng
ca tng loi?
Cc loi CT t trong bn gm: ct chu lc v ct phn b.
Thng s dng thp CI, CII v i khi l CIII.
Yu cu v tc dng ca tng loi:
- Ct chu lc c t trong vng chu ko do momen gy ra.
+ S lng do tnh ton.
+ ng knh ct chu lc: 6 12
+ Khong cch gia 2 trc ca ct chu lc ln nht 200 khi h
b
<
150, 1,5h
b
khi h
b
150.
+ BT c th d dng lt qua th khong cch gia 2
cy thp
khng c 70 (70 a 200)
- Thp phn b t vung gc vi thp chu lc:
+ ng knh ct phn b: 6 8
+ Ct phn b c s lng khng t hn 10% s lng ct chu
lc ti tit din c momen un ln nht.
+ khong cch t 250300.
3) Cho bit cc loi CT t trong dm. Nu yu cu c tc dng
ca tng loi?
Cc loi CT t trong dm gm: ct dc chu lc, ct dc cu to,
ct ai, ct xin.
Yu cu v tc dng ca tng loi:
- Ct thp c ng knh: 12 40 , ct ai: 6 , 8 , 10 .
- Ct chu lc c t trong vng chu ko ca dm
.
- Ct dc cu to c dng gi v tr ct ai khi thi cng v chu
cc ng lc do co ngt hay thay i nhit .
- Khi chiu cao ca dm h > 700 th cn phi t ct cu to 2 bn
cnh.
- Ct ai v ct xin chu lc ct.
4) Da trn c s no chn s b kch thc tit din ca dm?
S b kch thc tit din ca dm da trn c s:
- Gi b: chiu rng, h: chiu cao, l: chiu di ca dm.
+ h=(1/8 1/20)l
+ b=(1/21/4)h
*Ch : Khi chn kch thc tit din th cn phi xem st
iu kin kin trc v nh hnh ha vn khun.
5) Trnh by cc giai on ca trng thi ng sut
bin dng trn
tit din thng gc?
Gm 3 giai on trng thi ng sut bin dng trn tit din
thng gc:
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- Giai on 1: Khi momen cn b ( ti trng nh), c th xem
nh vt lm vic n hi, quan h ng sut bin dng l
ng thng s ng sut c dng hnh tam gic.
- Giai on 2: Khi momen tng ln, min BT chu ko b nt,
khe nt pht trin kn pha trn, hu nh ton b lc ko do
ct thp chu.
- Giai on 3: giai on ph hoi. Khi momen tip tc tng ln
,
khe nt pht trin kn pha trn, vng BT chu nn thu hp
li, ng sut trong vng chu nn tng ln trong khi ng sut
trong CT khng tng na(v CT chy).
6) Th no l ph hoi do? Ph hoi gin? Trong thit k nn
cho xy ra trng hp ph hoi no? Ti sao?
Ph hoi do l
: L s ph hoi khi ng sut trong CT t ti gii
hn chy (v ng sut trong BT t n R
b
).
Ph hoi gin l: Khi CT chu ko qu nhiu, ng sut trong CT
cha t n gii hn chy m BT vng nn b ph hoi th dm
s b ph hoi gin. y l s ph hoi t ngt v s ph hoi bt
u t vng BT
chu nn, m BT l vt liu gin, CT cha chy
do.
7) Hm lng CT trong dm BTCT chuun l g? Ti sao
phi khng ch hm lng CT ?
Hm lng CT trong dm BTCT chu un l t l % ca hm
lng CT c trong dm.
Phi khng ch hm lng CT
: Ta phi khng ch hm lng
thp trong dm dm khng sy ra trng hp ph hoi t
ngt(ph hoi gin), trng hp ny rt nguy him. V th ta phi
khng ch hm lng CT trong dm m bo s an ton!
(din t theo cch hiu ca mnh)
8) Hy cho bit trong kt cu dmsn BTCT ton khi, bn
sn c tham gia chu lc cng vi sn dm hay khng? Gi
thch r trn tng vtr nhp dm v trn gi?
- Trong kt cu dm sn BTCT ton khi, bn sn c tham
gia chu lc cng vi sn dm.
- Ti v tr nhp dm: th bn sn c tham gia chu
lc. Bn
sn ng vai tr l cnh v nm trong vng chu nn trong tnh
ton tnh vi tit din ch T.
- Ti v tr trn gi: th bn sn khng tham gia chu lc. Bn
sn ng vai tr l cnh v nm trong vng chu ko trong tnh
ton tnh vi tit din ch nht.
9) Quy nh v vn ca si cnh?
vn ca si cnh S
c
khng c ln hn 1/6 ca nhp dm
v khng c ln hn cc gi tr sau:
TRNG HXD MIN TRUNG KT CU B TNG CT THP
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- Khi c dm ngang hoc khi hf >0,1h th S
c
khng c ln
hn khong cch thng thy ca 2 dm dc.
- Khi c dm ngang hoc khi c dm c dang ngang nhng
khon cch ca chng > khong cch ca 2 dm dc v khi h'f
< 0,1h th S
c
6hf.
- Khi cnh c dng cng xn:
+ S
c
6hf khi h'f 0,1h.
+ S
c
3hf 0,05 hf 0,1hf.
+ Khi hf 0,05h th ta b qua phn cnh cnh chu lc.
10) Cho bit cc loi thp t trong bn n chiu un dng cng
xn v yu cu ca cc loi thp (v nhm thp, ng knh,
khong cch gia cc thanh)?
- Cc loi thp t trong bn n chiu un dng cng xn
:
- Yu cu ca cc loi thp :
11) Cho bit s ph hoi xy ra trn tit din nghing?
S ph hoi xy ra trn tit din nghing:
- ng sut php do M v ng sut tip do Q s gy ra ng sut
chnh nghin vi trc dm 1 gc v lm xut hin vt nt
nghing.
- Ct dc, ct ai v ct xin i qua vt nt nghing s chng
li s ph hoi trn tit din nghing.
12) V sao phi kim tra diu kin bo m kh nng chu ng sut
nn chnh ca bng dm? Nu khng tha phi gii quyt nh th
no?
Phi kim tra diu kin bo m kh nng chu ng sut nn chnh
ca bng dm v iu kin BTCT chiu tc dng ca lc ct cn
c tnh ton m bo bn trn cc di nghing gia cc vt
nt nging.
Nu khng tha phi th t phi tng cp bn BT hoc tng tit
din.
13) Trnh t tnh ton thit k ct ai khi khng t ct xin?
- Bc 1: iu kin t ct ai.
- Bc 2: chn ng knh ct ai v s nhnh ct ai .
- Bc 3: khong cch ct ai tnh ton.
- Bc 4: khong cch ct ai ln nht.
- Bc 5: khong cch ct ai cu to.
- Bc 6: Kim tra iu kin ng sut nn bng dm.
(xem thm phn cng thc)
14) Th no l ai 1 nhnh, 2 nhnh, 3 nhnh,? Phm vi s
dng?
15) Gii thch v sao trong thit k ct ai, tnh S
tt
ri m vn
tnh S
max
nhm mc ch g?
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16) Khi no th phi tnh ton thit k ct xin, cho bit trnh t
thit k?
17) V sao phi tnh khong cch cu to ca ct ai S
ct
?
18) ****
CU HI N TP CHNG V

1) Th no l cu kin chiu nn ng tm? Nn lch tm?

Cu kin chiu nn ng tm l cu kin chu tc dng ca lc nn
dc theo trc ca n. Tuy theo v tr ca trc ca N m c 2 trng
hp:
- Nn ng tm: Khi lc nn t ng trc cu kin.
- Nn lch tm: Khi lc nn N t lch so vi trc cu kin.
2) Da trn c s no s b chn kch thc tit din ca ct? So
snh vi dm?
3) Cho bit cc loi CT t trong ct BTCT chu nn ng tm,
nn lch tm? Yu cu v tc dng ca tng loi?
Cc loi CT t trong ct BTCT chu nn ng tm, nn lch tm
l: Ct dc chu lc, Ct dc cu to v Ct ai.
Yu cu v tc dng ca tng loi:
- Ct dc chu lc:
+ L CT c k n khi xc nh chu lc ca cu kin.
+ ng knh 12 40 , nu b 200 th chn
16 > .
+ Nn ng tm: ct dc c t theo chu vi.
+ Nn lch tm: A
S
c t pha chu nn nhiu, A
S
pha
i din.
+ Nu tit din ch nht, b l cnh nh th b tr CT theo
phng cnh b.
- Ct dc cu to:
+ Cu kin chu nn lch tm: khi h > 500 th cn phi t ct
dc cu to vo khong gia cnh h.
+ Ct dc cu to khng tham gia vo kh nng tnh ton chu
lc.
+ C ng knh 12 > , khong cch theo phng cnh h, S
0

500.
- Ct ai:
+ C tc dng gi ct dc khi thi cng v gi c nh CT chu
nn v chu lc ct.
+ng knh ct ai
(

= mm
d
5 ;
4
max

TRNG HXD MIN TRUNG KT CU B TNG CT THP

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+ khong cch ct ai:
j
0 min
; a k a s
- Khi R
SC
400 Mpa, k = 15, a
o
= 500.
- Khi R
SC
< 400 Mpa, k = 12, a
o
= 400.
4) Nu cc trng hp t CT dc trong cu kin chiu nn lch
tm. Trong thc t thng hay s dng trng hp no? V
sao?
- C 2 trng hp nn lch tm: nn lch tm ln v nn lch
tm b.
- Trong thc t thng hay s dng trng hp nn lch tm
ln. V khi s dng trng hp n y th ng sut trong CT
chu ko A
S
t n cng tnh ton R
S,
trng thi gii hn
t n bng s ph hoi do.
5) Tc dng ca CT ai trong ct? So snh vi trong dm? Cho bit
cch thit k?
- Ct ai trong ct c tc dng gi ct dc khi thi cng v gi
c nh CT chu nn v chu lc ct.
- Tc dng ca ct ia trong ct v trong dm ging nhau.
- Cch thit k:
+ng knh ct ai
(

= mm
d
5 ;
4
max

+ khong cch ct ai:

j
0 min
; a k a s
- Khi R
SC
400 Mpa, k = 15, a
o
= 500.
- Khi R
SC
< 400 Mpa, k = 12, a
o
= 400.
6) Gii thch cc xc nh R
sc
ca CT?
7) Cho bit cc trng hp nn lch tm? S ph hoi sy ra
trong tng trng hp? Lin h vi dm?
- C 2 trng hp nn lch tm: nn lch tm ln v nn lch
tm b.
- S ph hoi sy ra trong tng trng hp:
+ Nn lch tm ln: khi tho mn iu kin
0
h x
R
s , th ng
sut trong CT chu ko A
S
t n cng tnh ton R
S,
trng
thi gii hn t n bng s ph hoi do.
- Lin h vi dm: khi
0
h x
R
( ct thp A
S
c th chu nn hoc
ko m ng sut trong ct thp
S
cn b, cha t ti R
S
. S
ph hoi bt u t mp BT chu nn nhiu hn (ph hoi
gin).
8) V sao trong ct v dm
, cc phn ni lc xut hin y nh
nhau nhng tnh cht chu lc li khc nhau?
TRNG HXD MIN TRUNG KT CU B TNG CT THP
C10X5
BS: on Vn Thng 12
9) V sao phi ni CT trong ct? Cho bit v tr ni thp? Trong
phm vi ni thp s truyn lc dc thc hin nh th no?
END.