Chng 1

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hM Buang
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nh, 9uMng HEp hM Buang L*h,ng Hang kidu H"n HEpO k8* hRp cu/n *h;i *j
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2O Cu *Qo
Chng 7
Dao cch ly, dao ngn !ch , thi"t #$ ch%ng s&t, khng in
s.1 fao cch !# LfiGconnYc*YHO
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+* nhF= *h,ng k8* hRp v&i m# ngD* ho.c c$u chb cao p
_ K8* cu cUa Hao cch !#= n gi5n = + *in
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*N
= kch *h&c *hanh HVn
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!"m vic cc *hi8* 9< 95o v
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ngDn mQch HPng Bua m# ngD* !&n
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_ fao ngDn mQch c@ *i8p idm ncm *+ong m)i *+,ng kh S[\ Ld *Ang kh5
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m
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Chng g
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2 1
m
i
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i
v 6= 66...


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i i 2 +
O
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nm
12 x
m
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' (# 9i8n HPng *+ung gian L1222 122 1 nO
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' in p <nh m`c Lin p G cpO - in p Ho#
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m
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' K G% 9i8n ;i HPng in <nh m`c-
1Hm
Hm
2Hm
x
K
x

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x .122 .122
x x .


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1 2
S x = L x O
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2 * *
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Hm 2Hm 2Hm
S x .
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1
1Hm
x
K
x

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x kh)ng vR* Bu 12
' Kh,ng in *h8 *Qo 93i 0 pha kh)ng +ing +u

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X
9h
J
' Kh,ng Hang vE* !iu GD* *j c@ 2=2 mm
_ Cc #u c$u %i v&i vE* !iu *j
' X nhF *hb !&n Buan *+>ng v&i m# 9i8n HPng o !,ng
' / 9to hPa cao iu kin cho m# 9i8n HPng 95o v
' K;n hao *+ong !i *hZp nhF LHo Gu* *;n hao !&n *hb Go Gnh m# 9i8n HPng
*AngO
' !&n= kh)ng ;i *+ong 1 H5i +/ng
_ Kidu !i *hZp
' hbnh Nu#8n
' Jbnh ch nhE*
g.0 Knh *on m# 9i8n HPng L*nh *on in *j O
_ Ch>n k8* cu *nh *on- H$u= ch* +Dn= kh)ng kh
_ Knh cch in
_ Knh *on in *j
1O *nh *on !i *hZp
_ Cho
* * *
2Hm Hm 1Hm
W }
x = K = x
+
_ Nc <nh *i8* Hin !i *hZp
0
2
2 m
2 2 m 2 m
6= 1.12 .[

.X
[ 6= 66. . . 222. ..X

[
2
!" Gu* in /ng cUa cu/n 2 Lgi *+< hiu HngO
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2Hm 1 * 2 *
[ x . + W } } + + +
Coi
2 * 2 2
2 2Hm * *
2 *
+ W
v 2.x W }
} }

+
)

_ Knh
2
-
1Hm 2Hm
2Hm 1Hm
x
K
x

Ch>n
1
1=2= 0
Kbm
2
K.
1
_ Knh X
m
L2=222=1O
2O Knh Ho# Bun
_ Knh G% vPng Ho#
1
=
2
_ Knh ,ng knh Ho#-
i
B

Ch>n i 1=g 2=g v&i m# 9i8n HPng ngom H$u

12=\ v&i m# 9i8n HPng kh)ng kh
Kh,ng Hang d ch>n nhi*
g.6 Cch Nc <nh in khng m# 9i8n HPng
1.}c <nh in *+3- *hYo cch *h)ng *h,ng
_
!
cH
.! !
W . .
S S

L *h,n !# 3 *ng `ngO
:# 3
2 2
s1
Ls1 g2 CO *hb 2= 22mm m m
_ o- ' in *+3 1 chiu
' in *+3 Noa# chiu - L 12JO
W K.W K 1= 21 1=1


:
2.}c <nh in khng
_ o 9cng *h nghim
_ Knh *on
2 2 2
2 2 l 2
2 2
} .: 016.: L 12JO
S S
: . 6. . . .12
h 2 0


_
+

,
_ 2 cu/n Ho# cang Bun *+n 1 *+ c@ chiu cao 9cng nhau

2
*h` cp
h - chiu cao
J - h G% hiu chqnh Wogo!Y#
1 2
S
J 1
W.h
+ +

S - Chiu H"i *+ung 9bnh *j *5n m# 9i8n HPng in
_ Cu/n Ho# mQch *j hbnh Nu#8n
2 \
2 2
0\2
} L\= s gOJ .12 !g L O
2

_
H 112mm J a
L112 622Omm J a 9
622 mm J a 29
<
+
> +
g.1 Cp chnh Nc pM *h< vZc *_ hhng *+bnh Gai G%
1.Cp chnh Nc
_ Ka# Gai G%=x=S Cp chnh Nc- '2=1 2=2 2=1 1- o !,ng
' 0 12 - X5o v
_ fao /ng x= S *hu/c min x L2=11=2O x
m
2.M *h< vZc*
x
2=1
xmx
Hm
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 * 1 2
1 1 2 2 2 1
[ x + + N N
x x x
+ + +
+
0.hhng *+bnh Gai G%
2 1 2 2 1 1
1 1 1
2 1
1 1
2 *
2 *
2 1 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
Kx x x x
x .122 .122
x x
x
.SinL O.122
x
N N
*g
+ +
Gai G) g@c-
x x CX
Gin coGL O 0662. coGL O
x x x


+
+

+
+ +
g.\ Jiu chqnh Gai G% 9cng cch *ha# ;i G% vPng Ho# *h` cp

*
*
*
*
c
_ iu kin - Sai G% om L*5i c5mO

**
~
*c
2 1
hc 2
1 1 2Hm
x 122
x GinL O .
x
+ +
g.s uan h gia Go Gnh v" cc *h)ng G% *nh *on (# 9i8n HPng
_ Cc *h)ng G% ' x
1Hm

1
' Chiu H"i *+ung 9bnh !i GD* L!
*9
O
' *i8* Hin !i *hZp
0
2 m
6= 1.12

.X

'
o2
- kh)ng 9i8n *hin Rc

m
J .X -X conG*
2= 11 L*hZp*)*O
2=g2 L*hZp*+ung 9bnhO
1=1 L*hZp NouO

_ Khi8* k8 m# 9i8n HPng in-
' hhon *ch ch>n pha
' Knh *on in *j
' Knh *on Gai G% m# 9i8n HPng in
Q* Nong
Kh)ng Q* ph5i *nh !Qi

g.g Cc phng php hiu chqnh Go Gnh m# 9i8n HPng in
1.hhng php *u#8n *nh h@a ,ng cong *j h@a !i *hZp
2 1
1 1
m *9
2 1 2 *9
m *9
1 1
x
x .GinL O.122
x
X .!
x J !
X .!
x GinL O.122
.x
+

X
9h
X
J
NhEn NZ*-
' X nhF nhF x +* !&n
' X !&n nhF x +* !&n
aO fang Sun *j hYcma!oi
_ x
1
nhF i Bua Gun *j
_
2
*q ! v&i
21
gi%ng vic
_ x
1
!&n chU #8u khZp Bua mQch *j cu/n Ho# 2
2 21 22
2
x
1

K Gai G)

+

:
9O hhng php i!Gon
_ Nhnh 1- 1 c p

_ Nhnh 2- 2 c
+
x nhF 3 nhnh 2 - !&n oQn J
2
x !&n 3 nhnh 1- !&n oQn J
1
2O Xa Gai G% 9cng cch kch *j !i *hZp
aO Kch *j Hang nguMn ngo"i
9O KT kch *a
_ 2 !i *hZp c@ G% vPng Ho# khc nhau
_ :i n-
( )

2 2 2n 2 2Hm

1 1 2 2 2n
x x x
x x
+ <
+
_:i X -
( )

2 2 2X 2 2Hm

2 2 2X 1 1
x x x
x x
+ >
+
0O Xa Gai G% *hYo phng php (4
g.l in p khY h3 mQch *h` cp
]
2
!&n -
1 1 2 2 2 1
1 2
x x x
x x
+

*j h@a !i GD* 9to hPa

2 2 2 m
H
Y .
H*

2 1 2 *9 *9 m
6m
x J ! .!
.

Khi8* 9< hQ p chq *h< - 2122 4

g.12 Cc *h)ng G% 9/i m# 9i8n p HPng
1. X/i G% 12

2
12
2Hm
x
n
x

vn Gai G% 12 *ng `ng v&i

coG 2= g
Cch Nc <nh - 1 2 1 2Hm
n 1 x n x >
*nh GG 12 - ' N8u ng *hb n
1
n
12
' n8u Gai *hb *nh !Qi
x
2
n
12
.x
1Hm
.2=l1
2.X%i G% cTc Qi
2maN
maN maN 2maN
2Hm
x
X x -n
x

9/i G% cTc Qi cUa HPng *h` cp
2maN 2 maN
2maN
2 2
2 maN
2Hm 2
v 6= 66.. .X .
x

6= 66. . .X .
n
x .

0O X/i G% ngDn mQch m# 9i8n HPng LNZ* v nhi*O

1nm
nm
1Hm
1nm1
nm1
1Hm
x
n
x
x
n
x

g.11 (# 9i8n HPng kidu m&i
1Hm
] 122K4
1O (# 9i8n HPng !"m vic *hYo ngu#n !^ chu#dn ;i in Buang

i
6
fn :>c
2O (# 9i8n HPng !"m vic *hYo ngu#n !^ *j Buang

Chng l - (# 9i8n in p
l.1 Khi nim chung
(# 9i8n HPng in p !" kh c in Hang d 9i8n ;i in p c@ *+< G% cao
Nu%ng *+< G% *hp cung cp cho mQch o !,ng 95o v
_ ]
1Hm
*hYo Ht# 0 = \= 12=11 =22= 22= 01= 12=s2=112=222=622=122=s12 K4
_]
2 Hm
*hYo Ht# - 122= 122 m 0 =122 4
_ Kh)ng c$n d ^ 8n *nh *on in /ng = nhi* vb c)ng Gu* m# 9i8n in
p nhF kho5ng 1224n
_ Ngu#n !^ !"m vic gi%ng m# 9i8n p in !Tc= *5i +* nhF _ coi n@ !"m
vic 3 ch8 / kh)ng *5i. Kh,ng Rc ch8 *Qo *h"nh !oQi 1 pha v" !oQi 0 pha
0 *+ = 0 pha 1 *+
_ d 95o v ngDn mQch 1 pha chQm * kh)ng c@ *+ung *nh n%i *= Hang
m# 9i8n p 0 pha 1 *+ d o !,ng v" 95o v
_ Cp chnh Nc - *a# *hu/c Gai G% m# 9i8n chia +a cc cp in p - 2=1
2=2 2=1 1 0 L12O
_ Cc *h)ng G% c 95n -
' ]
Hm
- !" gi *+< in p .* v"o m# 9i8n p *+ong *h,i gian v) hQn m"
kh)ng 9< ph@ng in h hFng
' J G% 9i8n ;i HPng p K]
1
m]
2
' Sai G% v *+< G% in p-
2 1
1
K.] ]
u .122
]

' Sai G% v g@c -

1 2
S u = u v&i ]
1
L2=l1=1O ]
Hm
S L2=211OS
Hm
l.2 M *h< vZc * p hhng php Gai G%
1 1 2 2 2 1

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
x x x
] x L+ .N O L x OL+ N O L ] O
+
+ + + +
Kha#

1 2 2
x x x
v"o *a c@-
( ) ( )

1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2
] x + .N x + + LN N O L ] O + + + + + +
Kh)ng c@ Gai G% *hb p]
2
]
1

hhng *+bnh Gai G%-

2 1
1 2 1
1 1
] ]
K ] ]
u .122 .122
] ]

2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2
u x L+ Gin N coG O x L+ + OcoG LN N OGin 1 + + + + +
]

l.0 Knh *on !Ta ch>n m# 9i8n p
_ (# 9i8nin p n8u c@ S !&n ch8 *Qo 0 pha *+ong cang 1 vF ]
Hm
Lin
p Ho#O
_ m# 9i8n in p S nhF hn ho.c S +* !&n *hb Rc ch8 *Qo 1phm1vF
_ Ch>n ]
Hmcaoap
]
Hm!uoi
S
HmXu
S
*inh*oan
Cp chnh Nc - 2=2 Hang !"m mVu
2=1 Hang d 95o v
_ d gi5m }
1
= }
2
*hb cu%n 2 cu/n Ho# *hYo kho5ng cch gi5m H$n vb vE# 5nh
h3ng 8n kh c in
l.6 (/* v"i !oQi m# 9i8n in p
_ (# 9i8n in p n%i *$ng -
4&i cp in p cao p v" Giu cao p d gi5m 9&* in p v" phon ph%i
u in p *+n cc cu/n Ho# ng,i *a GC Hng m# 9i8n in p kidu n%i
*$ng.
' u idm- n gi5n= Hz !"m
' NhuRc idm - G% vPng Ho# G cp nhiu Gai G% !&n= Hang 3 h *h%ng
95o v= m# 9i8n in p kidu phon p 9cng *
_ (c ch - KhDc phc nhng nhRc idm Ho m# 9i8n in p kidu n%i
*$ng *Qo +a.
_ (# 9i8n in p kidu m&i
_ (# 9i8n p hockY!
_Jiu chqnh Gai G% m# 9i8n p
' i5m G% vPng Ho#
1
u
2
*Ang Go v&i 9an $u
' Kha# ;i idm !"m vic -

2
1
2 1 2
x
u
u
u 6= 66. ..X.S
x . J .!
_

:

J 1
u
X

:
Mm Ho# Bun 9a v" Ho# Bun con 9cng
_ Sai G% v g@c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
v[
*g 0662.x . + coG } Gin x + + Gin N N coG u
[
+ + +
Ka# *hYo gi *+< +
1
= +
2
* ! v&i N
1
= N
2
m" c@ gi *+< Hng om cUa *+ong 1
phQm vi n"o @m u 9i8n *hin * nh*
_ in p <nh m`c ]
1Hm
m]
2Hm
112m2=1
C)ng Gu* - S
Hm
1224n
Cp chnh Nc- 2=1
_ Ch>n cch in kidu m# 9i8n p *nh *on in *j*nh *on Gai G%
m# 9i8n p- u=S
1
_ Khi ]
Hm
622K4 phon p
_ ]
Hm
222K4 Hang 9i8n p phon *$ng 122m12m2=1
Chng 12- u *+bnh @ng cD*
12.1. Khi Bu*
_ :" cc *hi8* 9< @ng= cD*= ;i n%i mQch in n@i chung *j hQ p Gang cao p
' @ng cD* ;i n%i ch8 / !"m vic - x x
Hm
' KT /ng cD* khi c@ GT c% *+ong mQng inLBu *5i= ngDn mQch= Bu p =
*hp p= khc *$n G%= h
ngRc
= *hp HPngO
_ KhYo in p -
' in p *hp L21 K4O v&i Noa# chiu= L21=2K4O v&i 1 chiu
' K+ung p - 1122 K4
' Cao p - 122622 K4
' Siu cao p - y 622 K4
_ Khi8* 9< @ng cD* *ham gia v"o h$u h8* cc *hi8* 9< in
_ Cc !oQi *hi8* 9< in @ng cD* -
' (# ngD*
' C$u chb
' fao cch !#= Hao ngDn mQch
' c)ng *Dc *= + !Y
' Khi8* 9< @ng cD* hRp 9/
' X/ 95o v Bu in p L9ao gMm c5 *hi8* 9< ch%ng GZ*O
'KK Lc)ng *Dc * ' Khi8* 9< 95o vO
_ Cc hin *Rng c$n ch ^
' u / in - khi @ng= cD* *hb u=i 9i8n *hin *a# *hYo *5i
@ng *5i W:=fCLnCO
@ng *5i WC LfCO nC
@ng *5i W:C nCLfCO
' u / nhi* -
f"i hQn = ngDn hQn= ngDn hQn !.p !Qi
' :Tc in /ng
' JM Buang in Lkhi x12n= kh)ng c$n HEp hM Buang v 5nh h3ng kh)ng
!&nO
f"n HEp
H* H*1 H* 2
[ [ [ +
K+ong @- [
H*1
- (Qch vPng HVn in
[
H*2
- Ho cc *hanh GD* *j non
()i *+,ng hM Buang ch#
12.2 u / in
1O @ng nguMn 1 chiu v"o *5i W:
G* *+
G*
Hi
u Wi :
H*
i i i
]
i
W
+
+

G* - G*YaH#_G*a*Y
*+ - *+niYn*
G* *+ *+
G* *+ *+
Hi Hi Hi
u i .W :. i .W :. 2 i .W :.
H* H* H*
+ + + + +
*
K
u :
i 1 Y K
W W

_


,
W
i :
]
*
i i
G*
i
*+
i *+< i *Ang *j *j
2O @ng nguMn nC v"o *5i W:
( )
( )
m
m
u ] .coG *
i x .coG *
+
+
( ) ( ) ( )
* mK m
*
]
i coG * Y .Gin

+
_ J G% Bu *5i HPng
maN
p
m
x
K
x

Khi
maN m
x 2.x
2

t
Ch ^ -
' NgDn mQch g$n m# ph*k K
p
y 2 Ho in khng m# ph* *ha# ;i
' @ng cD* m# 9i8n p kh)ng *5i
m
+Y
k.

Khi S 22(4n x L1sOx

m
0. @ng nguMn 1 chiu v"o *5i WC
c
c
C
c
u i.W u
Hu
u WC. ]
H*
1 Hi
u
C H*
+
+

( )
* mK
c 2
* mK 2
u ] 1 Y K WC
]
iL*O 1L*O. .Y
W

6. @ng nguMn nC v"o WC

W
i :
]
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
* mK c
c m
* mK c m
}
u L*O ] . Gin * GinL * O.Y

Hu ]
iL*O C. . coG * Gin * Y
H*

+ + +
+ + + + +
1. @ng nguMn nc v"o *5i W:C
\. @ng nguMn fC v"o *5i W:C
s. @ng cD* mQch 0 pha
12.0 u / nhi*
_ hhng php con 9cng nhi*
' NguMn nhi* - x
2
WH*- <nh m`c= GT c% = Bu *5i = Bu p = Bu HPng= ngDn
mQch
Kh,i gian Bu *5i ph *hu/c .c *nh cUa %i *Rng 95o v
Kh,i gian ngDn mQch ph$n !&n %* h *h%ng mQch vPng HVn in-
' *;n hao Ho *j No#=*+z
' K;n hao Ho in m)i
ChU #8u *nh *on 3 mQch vPng HVn in= hM Buang in
2
H
x WH* CH K S H* .S. H*
HN

_
+ +

,
_ Khi *nh *on H"i hQn
)H
conG*

2
x WH* K S H*


_ ch8 / ngDn hQn= Mng nh*
2
x WH* CH
_ ch8 / kh)ng Mng nh*
2
H
x WH* CH S H*
HN
_
+

,
_ Knh *on Nc !Ep- H"i hQn= ngDn hQn= ngDn hQn !.p !Qi
12.6 :Tc in /ng
1.hhng php *nh con 9cng nAng !Rng
' Con 9cng nAng !Rng

2 2
* 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 1
: i : i (i i
2 2
+ +
' XioNava_!ap!acY

2 1 2
1 2
2 2
H! +
H .i .
6 +
H[ i .Hi X

uur ur
uuur
uur uuur ur
3 x
Hm
*hb [
HH
kh)ng !&n h *h%ng HVn in ch<u Rc
x
nm
- 5m 95o / 9n c kh cho h *h%ng HVn in= 5m 95o in *+3 *i8p Nc
gi&i hQn cho *i8p idm
12.1 JM Buang in
1. _ W
hM Buang
*hu$n *+3 = phi *u#8n Hang c)ng *h`c *hTc nghim
_ :^ *hu#8* - ' .c idm hM Buang in
' Bu *+bnh ph* Ginh v" HEp *D* hM Buang ph* Ginh Lion h@aO-
ion h@a Ho va *+Qm= ion h@a Ho nhi* = ph* NQ ngRc LYO 3 K= ph* NQ Y 3 K
Ho nhi* /
' fEp *D* Lph5n ion h@aO - khu8ch *n= *i hRp
_ JM Buang in 1 chiu= Noa# chiu
2. (# cD* in p cao 1 chiu p 122K4
x
Hm
2Kn= x
ngHm
12Kn
aO Khi Bu*
9O Cc phng php cD*-
_ Cc phng php cD* ]
ng
_ Cc phng php 9i8n *hin HPng in
_ Cc phng php 9m 1 HPng in ngRc
Chng 11- Nhng vn !in Buan 8n *h8 v"
vEn h"nh m#ngD*
11.1 Ngu#n !^ @ng cD* m# ngD*
_ Kh)ng *5i <nh m`c- !"m vic 9bnh *h,ng *hYo ^ mu%n ng,i vEn
h"nh
_ ST c% Bu *5i ngDn mQch = Bu p khc *$n G% - *T /ng cD* nh, + !Y
95o v v" nam chom @ng ngD*
1. J *h%ng *i8p idm
_ fang m)i *+,ng .c 9i* HEp hM Buang- H$u= kh nZn= S[
\
= chon kh)ng= *T
Ginh kh = p Gu* kh Bu#dn
2. X/ *+u#n /ng
_ KQo !Tc @ng cD*- !P No = in c= in *j= kh nZn *hU# !TcL* HangO
_ K+u#n /ng - *+u#n !Tc *j nguMn !Tc chp h"nh
_ C cu gi5 ph@ng nAng !Rng - *+u#n /ng chnh Nc= n%i v&i nam chom
in @ng cD*
11.2 @ng cD* Mng 9/ v" kidm *+a *bnh *+Qng m# ngD*
_ Nhbn chung Bu *+bnh @ng cD* !" ngVu nhin iu kin HEp hM Buang +*
kh@ khAn *h,ng *hTc hin @ng cD* *; hRp Q* iu kin *%* nh*
_ @ng cD* Mng 9/
aO X/ *+u#n /ng c kh
9O / 9n in kho5ng *+%ng 2 *i8p idm
S[
\
- 1221K4mmm
Chon kh)ng - 2202 K4mmm
cO CD* kh)ng *5i c@ in Hung k Ginh
HO CD* *5i c5m - in khng= m# 9i8n p
YO CD* HPng ngDn mQch
JQn ch8 *h,i gian ch# cUa hM Buang
2.Kidm *+a m# cD*
11 in
1l
iu
khidn=
kidm
*+a
s2 #8u *% c