Mmen lng cc t

Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia

Moment t
Mmen t, hay mmen lng cc t (magnetic dipole moment) l i lng vt l, c trng cho
mnh yu ca ngun t. Trong trng hp n gin l mt dng in kn, mmen lng cc t c nh
ngha bi:

vi l vct din tch (c ln l din tch, chiu l vct php tuyn ca mt , xc nh t quy tc
bn tay phi, l cng dng in. Trong trng hp mt in tch chuyn ng quay, mmen t s
c cho bi biu thc:

vi l mt dng in.
Trong vt l nguyn t, vt l ht nhn, ngi ta dng khi nim mmen t ca cc ht, c n v
l magneton Bohr (hay Bohr magneton, k hiu l ). Mmen t ca cc ht lin quan n chuyn
ng ni ti ca cc ht (chuyn ng spin) hoc mmen t ca nguyn t c to ra t mmen t tng
cng ca cc ht (chuyn ng spin) v chuyn ng trn qu o ca cc ht. Trong mt h ht, mmen
t c xc nh bi tng mmen t ca cc ht thnh phn.
Mc lc
[n]
1 Ngun gc
2 Tng tc vi t trng
3 Mmen t ca in t
4 Mmen t ht nhn
5 Xem thm
[sa]Ngun gc
Mmen t c th gii thch bng m hnh mt thanh nam chm thng c cc t cc nm 2 u v
ngc du nhau. Mi t cc l mt ngun to ra lc t c ln gim dn theo khong cch. Khi 2
cp n cc t ny kt hp vi nhau thnh mt cp, cc lc tng tc s ngc chiu nhau v to
nn mmen lng cc, t l vi ln ca n cc t v khong cch gia chng:

v y, chnh l mmen lng cc t Bt c mt vt th mang in no khi chuyn ng quay u
to ra mmen t, mmen t cng l c trng ca cc ht c bn. Mmen t ca mt h xc nh trn
mt n v th tch hay mt n v khi lng to ra t ha. n v ca mmen t l
[sa]Tng tc vi t trng
Khi mt vt th c mmen t m t trong t trng c cm ng t B, s c mt mmen lc tc dng ln
mmen lng cc t cho bi:
T = m B
Mmen lc ny khin cho cc mmen lng cc t c xu hng nh hng theo chiu t trng.
y l nguyn l hot ng ca la bn hay nhiu loi ng c in.
Do lc t tc ng ln mment t l lc th, cc mmen t nm trong t trng cng c th nng:
U = -m.B
Nu mmen t nm trong t trng khng u, n va chu mmen lc va chu lc y hoc
ko F:

Lc ht y ny l gii lc ht y gia cc nam chm.
[sa]Mmen t ca in t
in t trong nguyn t c mmen t to nn do ng gp ca 2 thnh phn:
Mmen t qu o: c to ra khi in t chuyn ng quanh ht nhn. Theo c hc
lng t, gi tr ny b gin on v c ln:

hnh chiu ca n ln trc ca t trng s nhn gi tr:

vi l s lng t qu o v s lng t t.
Mmen t spin: do in t c moment ring spin (xem bi Spin).
V mmen t tng cng ca in t trong nguyn t s l:

vi l mmen tng cng to nn t 2 mmen spin v qu o
l tha s
Land, l cc s lng t qu o v spin.
[sa]Mmen t ht nhn
Mmen t ht nhn c to nn t mmen t ring ca cc ht thnh
phn cu to nn ht nhn (proton, neutron..)