Trang i

TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA NNG NGHIP & SINH HC NG DNG
B MN CNG NGH THC PHM





BI BO CO

MN HC: PH GIA TRONG CH BIN THC PHM
MSMH: CB322

Tn ti:
Gii thiu v ph gia Chitofood- cht thay th
hn the


Gio vin hng dn Sinh vin thc hin
TS. L Nguyn Bnh Trn Thanh Hin
MSSV: 2041500
Lp: CNTP K30B

Trang ii
MC LC


LI M U .............................................................................................................. 1
Chng 1. GII THIU ............................................................................................. 2
I. GII THIU CHUNG V PH GIA .................................................................. 2
II. GII THIU V HN THE ................................................................................. 3
III. GII THIU V TI .................................................................................. 4
Chng 2. CHITOFOOD V QUI TRNH MT S SN PHM C DNG
CHITOFOOD (PDP). ................................................................................................. 5
I. LCH S PHT TRIN ....................................................................................... 5
II. TNH CHT CA CHITOFOOD (PDP) ............................................................ 5
III. NG DNG ..................................................................................................... 7
IV. QUI TRNH SN XUT MT VI SN PHM C S DNG PDP ............ 8
Chng 3. KH NNG NG DNG CHITOFOOD TRONG THC T. .............. 10
I. QUI TRNH SN XUT CHITOFOOD (PDP) ................................................. 10
II. TNH HNH SN XUT CHITOFOOD HIN NAY.......................................... 10
KT LUN ................................................................................................................ 12

Trang 1

LI M U


Ngy nay, kinh t pht trin, cht lng cuc sng v nhu cu ca con ngi
ngy cng cao. Nht l v lng thc thc phm, gi tr v dinh dng ca thc
phm ngy cng c quan tm.
p ng nhu cu , cc nh sn xut lun tm kim vic s dng cc
cht ph gia thc phm cho php vo trong qu trnh sn xut, ch bin, bo qun
thc phm to ra sn phm c cht lng thng phm cao, hp dn ngi tiu
dng v c th tiu th rng ri vi s lng ln.
Trong k thut ch bin thc phm, ngi ta thng dng nhng ph gia
to cho thc phm c dai, gin v bo qun c lu ngy. Cht ph gia
thng c ni n l hn the. Tuy nhin, hn the li lm tn thng sc kho
ngi tiu dng. V vy, c thc phm an ton, ngi tiu dng cn bit n
nhng ph gia khc l Polyphosphat v Chitofood. Trong , Chitofood l cht c
nhiu tnh nng vt tri.

Trang 2
Chng 1.
GII THIU

I. GII THIU CHUNG V PH GIA
1. Ph gia l g?
Theo FAO: ph gia l cht khng dinh dng c thm vo sn phm vi cc
nh khc nhau. Thng thng, cc cht ny c hm lng thp dng ci thin tnh
cht cm quan, cu trc, mi v, cng nh bo qun sn phm.
Theo WHO: ph gia l mt cht khc hn l thc phm hin din trong thc phm l
kt qu ca mt s mt: sn xut ch bin, bao gi tn trCc cht ny khng bao gm
cc cht bn b nhim vo thc phm.
2. Tm quan trng ca vic s dng ph gia
Gp phn iu ha ngun nguyn liu cho cc nh my sn xut thc phm.
To c nhiu sn phm ph hp vi s thch v khu v ca ngi tiu dng.
Gi c cht lng ton vn ca thc phm cho ti khi s dung.
Ko di thi gian s dng ca thc phm.
To s d dng trong sn xut, ch bin thc phm v lm tng gi tr thng phm
trn th trng.
Lm gim ph liu trong cc cng on sn xut.
3. Nhng nguy hi ca ph gia thc phm
S dng ph gia thc phm khng ng liu lng, chng loi nht l ph gia khng
cho php dng trong thc phm s gy hi cho sc khe:
Gy ng c cp tnh: nu dng qu liu cho php.
Gy ng c mn tnh: d dng liu lng nh, thng xuyn, lin tc, mt cht
ph gia thc phm tch ly trong c th, gy tn thng lu di.
Nguy c hnh thnh khi u, ung th, t bin gen, qui thai, nht l cc cht ph
gia tng hp.

Trang 3
Nguy c nh hng cht lng thc phm: ph hy cc cht dinh dng, vitamin
4. Qui nh v s dng ph gia thc phm
Ch cho php sn xut, nhp khu, kinh doanh ti th trng Vit Nam cc ph gia
thc phm c trong DANH MC v phi c chng nhn ph hp tiu chun cht
lng v sinh an ton thc phm bi c quan c thm quyn.
Vic s dng ph gia thc phm trong danh mc sn xut ch bin, x l, bo qun,
bao gi, v vn chuyn thc phm phi thc hin theo Qui nh v cht lng v sinh an
ton thc phm ca b y t.
II. GII THIU V HN THE
Thi gian qua, vic vi phm v sinh an ton thc phm c khuyn co n mc
bo ng. Nhng v li ch c nhn, nhng ngi sn xut, ch bin vn c ngang nhin
di nhiu hnh thc pha ch mt s ha cht c hi vo sn xut, ch bin cc thc
phm, trong c hn the v formol Thc phm c cha cht hn the l ni s hi ca
ngi tiu dng, bi cht ny c hi cho sc khe chng nhng trc mt m c v lu
di.
Hn the l cht ha hc khng mu, d tan trong nc, c tnh st khun nhng rt
c. Khi vo c th, ch o thi khong 80%, cn li s tch t trong ngi vnh vin. V
vy, nu s dng hn the liu lng t trong mt thi gian di cng nguy him nh dng
nhiu hn the trong mt ln.
Tc hi ca hn the:
Gy nn ra mu v t vong nu tiu th khong 15 g i vi ngi ln v 5 g tr
nh.
S dng thng xuyn c th dn ti suy thn v cc bnh v ng rut - d dy.
Nghin cu trn ng vt nh chut, th v ch cho thy, hn the nh hng n
chc nng ca tinh hon, dn n v sinh. Gy suy gan v thn, gim cn t ngt ph
n mang thai. Lm gim trng lng v gy cht lu thai nhi.
Ngoi thc phm, hn the cn c s dng nh mt cht kh trng nh, tc nhn
ty ra v lm mm nc. Cht ny cng c dng trong phn bn, dc phm, m

Trang 4
phm, cht bo qun, thuc dit c... Hn the cn c dng dit gin, kin v b
cht.
Cc du hiu ng c hn the l: v trc da, co git, kch thch ng h hp,
vng mt.









III. GII THIU V TI
Trc hin trng dng hn the b sung vo thc phm, do vn c c ra
l s dng ph gia thc phm an ton thay th cho hn the. Trn th trng hin nay c
cc ph gia l hai loi ca Vit Nam l Chitofood (cn gi l bt PDP), v ph gia G2.
Ngoi ra cn c ph gia Tripolyphosphat ca c v ph gia Phosphates Mix ca Thi
Lan.
Chitofood l ph gia thc phm c 2 chc nng: ch bin (lm gin, dai) v bo qun
thc phm (chng thiu, thi), khng cn dng km vi ph gia bo qun khc nh bt ha
cht polyphotphat nhp ngoi. Ngoi ra, n cn c kh nng bo qun thc phm ti
sng, bo qun tm c ng lnh xut khu. Chitofood ha tan c trong nc nn c
th dng rng ri cho nhiu loi thc phm khc nhau. Mt u im na ca Chitofood l
gi thnh, mc d tng ng polyphotphat nhp ngoi, nhng liu dng li t hn.
Chng hn, 1 kg tht trong ch bin gi la phi mt 6 - 8 g polyphotphat, trong khi dng
Chitofood ch mt 2 g. Do chi ph cho ch bin thc phm s r hn.


Ngi tiu dng rt kh phn bit
bnh ph c hn the hay khng.

Trang 5
Chng 2.
CHITOFOOD V QUI TRNH SN XUT MT
S SN PHM C DNG CHITOFOOD (PDP)

I. LCH S PHT TRIN
Chitofood (hay cn gi l PDP) l mt polysaccarit gc t nhin, c tch chit v
bin tnh t v cc loi gip xc (tm, cua, gh,hn, trai, s, mai mc, a bin,... ), mng
t bo nm h zygemycetes, cc sinh khi nm mc, mt s loi to...
Qu trnh pht trin PDP bt u t nm 1997, sau khi B Y t nghim cm s dng
hn the trong ch bin thc phm do tnh c hi i vi sc khe. Bi ton t ra l phi
tm c cht an ton thay th hn the. Tin s Nguyn Th Ngc T (Phng nghin cu
Polyme Dc phm, Vin Ha hc) c tng tn dng ngun nguyn liu ph thi l
v tm, cua, mai mc v dng cng ngh cao to ra sn phm c ch. T y, ln u
tin, nhm khoa hc to ra c mt hp cht gi l chito, cha c trong danh mc ph
gia thc phm ca Vit Nam v th gii.
PDP ra i vi nhiu tnh nng u vit ca mt hp cht cao phn t, gip thay th
cho hn the v nhiu ph gia thc phm thp phn t c hi khc. Cc V sinh An ton
Thc phm Vit Nam cho php sn xut v lu hnh PDP trn ton quc theo h s
cng b s 4377-2003/CBTCYT ngy 2/12/2003
TNH CHT CA CHITOFOOD (PDP)
Cu trc ho hc ca PDP rt ging ca xenlulo, ch khc mt nhm chc v tr C2
ca mi n v D- glucoza, nhng tnh cht ca chng li khc nhau.
Tn ho hc ca PDP l : Poly- - (1 4 ) D- glucosamin. Hay cn gi l Poly-
- (1- 4) 2 amino 2- desoxy D- glucosa



Trang 6







Cng thc ha hc ca PDP

Tnh cht ho hc:
PDP l cht rn, xp, nh, mu trng ng, khng mi, khng v, ho tan d dng
trong cc dung dch axit long.
Loi PDP c trng lng phn t trung bnh (M) t 200.000 n 400.000 hay
c dng nhiu nht trong y t v thc phm.
Tnh cht sinh hc:
Vt liu PDP khng c, dng an ton cho ngi. Chng c tnh ha hp sinh hc
cao vi c th, c kh nng t phn hy sinh hc. Kt qu th nghim trn ng vt cho
thy, PDP khng gy c tnh cp v c tnh tch lu, khng gy d ng, khng nh
hng n trng lng c th, trng lng gan, chc nng ca gan, thn, lch, c quan
to mu, c nng tim, cc ch tiu sinh ha trong mu v nc tiu.
PDP c nhiu tc dng sinh hc a dng nh: tnh khng nm, tnh khng khun
vi nhiu chng loi khc nhau, kch thch s pht trin tng sinh ca t bo, c kh
nng nui dng t bo trong iu kin ngho dinh dng, tc dng cm mu, chng
sng u.
PDP c kh nng loi b cc kim loi nng c hi trong ung gii kht.
Ngoi ra, PDP cn c tc dng lm gim cholesterol v lipid mu, lm to vi ng
mch v h huyt p, iu tr thn mn tnh, chng ri lon ni tit.

Trang 7
PDP c tc dng ging nh hn the, lm tng gin, dai, st, mi v v mu sc
ca thc phm. N cn gip bo qun tt thc n v km hm s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
NG DNG
C th s dng trong cc loi sn phm:
Nhm tht nh gi, ch, tht hp, nem chua...
Nhm tinh bt: bn, bnh cun, bnh ph, bnh a nem, bnh sus...
Nc gii kht, kem, sa chua.
Cc loi bnh quy, bnh gat kem.
Qua kho st ti cc c s ch bin thc phm nh Cng ty Vissan, lng gi ch Uy
N (ng Anh), lng bnh cun Thanh Tr, c s ch bin nc p qu ng Nai cho
kt qu tt, bo m dai, gin, bo qun thc phm di ngy hn c hn the.
So snh kh nng bo qun sn phm Gi la khi s dng chitofood v hn the:
Cht ph gia Trng thi cm quan
Tng s vi khun hiu kh
Sau 4 h
(T=27
o
C)
Sau 28 h
(T=27
o
C)

Sau 26
ngy
(8
o
C)
Khng c
Gi trng, t, khng mn,
thm, b
6,8 x 10
4
2 x 10
6
PDP 2,5g/kg
Gi trng hng, ro mt,
mn, thm, gin
7 x 10
3
5 x 10
4
2 x 10
4
Hn the 5g/kg
Gi trng hng, mt t,
mn, thm, gin
5 x 10
3
2 x 10
4

Qua bng trn cho thy gi khi b sung 2,5g/kg PDP c kh nng bo qun tng
t nh hn the iu kin nhit T= 27
o
C v c th bo qun n 26 ngy
nhit T= 8
o
C.






Trang 8






Chitofood c ng gi v vo l ti Phng Nghin cu polyme dc phm - Vin Ha
hc thuc Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam.

QUI TRNH SN XUT MT VI SN PHM C S DNG PDP
1. Ch bin gi la:
Tht : 1000 gam
Bt PDP: 2,5 gam






2. Ch bin bnh su s:
Bt sn lc: 1000 gam
Bt PDP: 4 gam (pha thnh dung dch 3,5%)









Gia v (mui, m
chnh, nc mm)
Ph gia PDP
lnh
Tht thi ming
Xay nhuyn tht trong
ci xay in
Gi gi
Luc gi
PDP
Nc
Bc PE
Bt sn lc
kh

Bt c st

Bt bnh trong
Bnh su s
sn phm
Gi bnh
Bt chia
tng ming
ng
un
Khuy
Hp
trong ch
Bt
ra mm

ngui
Nhn bnh

Trang 9
3. Ch bin bnh cun:
Bt PDP: 1 gam
Go: 1000 gam
Pha ch PDP thnh dung dch 3,4%.








Go ngm

Bt go
nc

Bnh cun
thnh phm
Xay
nc
Trn
g
bnh
Dung dch PDP

Trang 10
Chng 3.
KH NNG NG DNG PH GIA CHITOFOOD
TRONG THC T

I. QUI TRNH SN XUT CHITOFOOD (PDP)
V tm Thu gm ti cc c s ch bin ng lnh Ra sch Sy kh Loi
b mui v c v cc protein Chitin Ngm trong dung dch kim PDP
Mt s c im chnh ca sn phm c ghi nhn nh sau:
Ch tiu cht lng ch yu: m thp hn 12,5%, hm lng Nit ton phn t
7,5 -8,5%.
Cch dng: Rc t t Bt an ton vo tht hoc go lc ang xay v trn tht u,
vi lng dng l 10g cho 4kg tht hoc 10kg go.
Bo qun: Bo qun ni thong mt, kh ro, trnh nh sng trc tip.
Hin nay, ga bn l l 30.000 ng/ chai 100g.
II. TNH HNH SN XUT CHITOFOOD HIN NAY
Trong nhng ngy ny, Phng Nghin cu polymer dc phm chuyn giao cng
ngh cho Nh my Pharfood Thng Long sn xut cng nghip, ngay sau khi nhn
c thng tin v kt qu nghin cu Chitofood, S Khoa hc- Cng ngh ng Nai
bt tay vo xy dng ti ng dng, trin khai ph gia thc phm Chitofood thay th
hn the trong ch bin, bo qun thc phm tnh ng Nai ngay trong nm 2006. S
Khoa hc- Cng ngh TP Nng cng ang xy dng ti ng dng Chitofood thay
th hn the trong a bn tnh.
Mc d c cp giy php s dng ca Cc v sinh an ton thc phm t cui nm
2003, nhng cho n thi im ny, Chitofood vn cha xut hin nhiu trn th trng.
t tm u ra cho sn phm nghin cu ca mnh. PGS.TS Nguyn Th Ngc T
cng cc ng nghip thnh lp Cng ty C phn Dc phm-Thc phm Thng Long

Trang 11
sn xut Chitofood trn dy chuyn cng ngh ton b c ch to trong nc vi cng
sut 100.000 tn/ nm ti Khu cng nghip nh Trm (Bc Giang).
Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn khin ph gia an ton cha c dng nhiu l gi
thnh v tnh cha hon thin v khu v. Nhng ni cha dng c th do ph gia an ton
t hn (mt kg ph gia an ton mua c 10 kg hn the).

Trang 12

KT LUN


Hin nay, chitofood l mt ph gia thc phm an ton va c gi thnh r
li khng c cho ngi tiu dng, y l ph gia c th thay th cho hn the c
hi c cm s dng. Bn cnh , vic ch to chitofood t v tm, v cua,
mai ca mc ng, tn dng d phm t ch bin thy hi sn cn gp phn bo v
mi trng.
Vn v vic tm cht thay th hn the c gii quyt, nhng trong
thc t hin nay chitofood vn cha c ng dng rng ri, cha thn thin vi
ngi tiu dng.
Kin ngh: Cn phi c thm nhiu chnh sch, k hoch hn na ph bin ph gia an
ton ny-chitofood. Gip cho n gn gi vi ngi tiu dng hn. V cng cn m thm
nhiu c s sn xut chitofood hn, thng qua cnh tranh th trng c th gip h
gi thnh sn phm, ph hp vi ti tin ca ngi tiu dng.