www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.

com
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
www.MATHVN.com
TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN
TRNG THPT CHUYN KHTN
THI KSCL LP 12 D THI I HC 2014
Mn: Ha hc
Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht
BI GII CHI TIT
M thi: 179

Cu 1: p n A.
Ta c n
CO
2
= 4,5 +2.1,5 =7,5 mol n
Tinh bt p.
=3,75 mol m
Tinh bt
=607,5g.
Vy H =
607,5
1500
. 100% =40,5%.
Cu 2: p n B.
Phn ng cng theo quy tc Maccopnhicop.
Cu 3: p n C.
Ta lu dd Y ch cha mt cht tan duy nht l MSO
4

Axit H
2
SO
4
phn ng ht n
MSO
4
= n
H
2
SO
4
=0,4 mol.
M m
dd spu
=m
dd b
+m
X
m
CO
2
=100 +24 0,05.44 =121,8g.
Vy m
MSO
4
=
121,8.39,41
100
=48g M
MSO
4
=
48
0,4
=120g/mol M =24 g/mol M l Magie (Mg).
Cu 4: p n B.
Hn hp kh Y: NO
2
v O
2
Khi cho kh Y hp th vo nc, kh khng b hp th l oxi.
4NO
2
+O
2
+2H
2
O 4HNO
3

Ta thy n
NO
2
: n
O
2
p.
=4: 1 m n
NO
2
+n
O
2
p.
=
8,963,36
22,4
=0,25 mol n
NO
2
=n
HNO
3
=0,2 mol.
Vy [H
+
] =
0,2
2
=0,1M pH =-lg[H
+
] =1.
Cu 5: p n A.
S th nghim p. oxi ha kh: (1), (2), (3), (4).
Cu 6: p n B.
Ta c E
Zn
2+
Zn
o
<E
Cu
2+
Cu
o
Zn c tnh kh mnh hn Cu, nn Zn kh Cu
2+
thnh Cu.
Cu 7: p n B.
Quy i hh X v Fe v S, ta c 0,005 mol Fe v 0,007 mol S.
Cch 1:
Khi hh X phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
c nng, th Fe Fe
3+
v S SO
2
.
p dng LBT electron, ta c: 3n
Fe
+4n
S
=2n
SO
2
spk
n
SO
2
spk
=0,0215 mol
Vy n
SO
2
=n
S
+n
SO
2
spk
=0,0285 mol.
Khi cho kh tc dng vi dd KMnO
4
, th SO
2
SO
4
2-
.
p dng LBT electron, ta c: 2n
SO
2
=5n
Mn
2+ n
Mn
2+=0,0114 mol V
KMnO
4
=0,228 lt.
Cch 2:
Quan st ton b qu trnh phn ng, cui cng thu c Fe
3+
v SO
4
2-
.
B qua qu trnh phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
, xt s thay i electron gia Fe, S v KMnO
4
.
p dng LBT electron, ta c: 3n
Fe
+6n
S
=5n
Mn
2+ n
Mn
2+= =0,0114 mol V
KMnO
4
=0,228 lt.

Cu 8: p n B.
Ancol
[O]
Andehit +H
2
O
Phn 1: n
ancol d
+n
H
2
O
=2n
H
2
n
ancol b
=2n
H
2
=0,3 mol (v n
H
2
O
=n
ancol p.
).
Phn 2: n
Ag
=2n
andehit
n
andehit
=n
ancol p.
=0,2 mol.
Vy H =
n
p.

n
b
. 100% =
0,2
0,3
. 100% =66,67%.
Cu 9: p n A.
Ta thy kh Z lm xanh qu m Z l hn hp cc kh amin X hn hp mui ca amin vi axit carboxylic.
Cch 1:
p dng LBTKL, ta c: m
X
+m
NaOH
=m
mui
+m
Z
+ m
H
2
O

0,2.77 +0,2.40 =m
mui
+0,2.13,75.2 +0,2.18 m
mui
=14,3g.
Cch 2:
Page 1

www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
www.MATHVN.com

ng vi CTPT C
2
H
7
NO
2
c 2 ng phn mui amin vi axit carboxylic tng ng: HCOONH
3
CH
3
v CH
3
COONH
4
.
Vy hn hp kh Z gm NH
3
v CH
3
NH
2
.
Gii hpt or p dng s ng cho, ta tnh c n
NH
3
=0,05 mol; n
CH
3
NH
2
=0,15 nol.
Suy ra m
Mui
=m
HCOONa
+m
CH
3
COONa
=0,15.68 +0,05.82 =14,3g.
Cu 10: p n D.
Ta c bt bo ha =1 vi n Axit no, n chc, mch h tha mn khi n =1.
Vy CTPT: C
3
H
6
O
2
.
Cu 11: p n A.
- Phn ng vi dd brom; dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
un nng: ch c Glucoz phn ng.
- Thy phn trong mi trng axit: ch c saccaroz b thy phn.
Cu 12: p n B.
Quan st p n ta thy ch c p n B v D tha mn iu kin.
Ta c CTTQ ca X: C
x
H
y
.
M x: y =
%M
C
12
:
%M
H
1
=
90,566
12
:
9,434
1
=7,547: 9,434 =4: 5
Vy CTGN: (C
4
H
5
)
n
Vi n =2, ta c CTPT: C
8
H
10.
Cu 13: p n C.
Ta c th tch kh H
2
to thnh khi phn ng vi dd Ba(OH)
2
>th tch kh H
2
to thnh khi phn ng vi H
2
O (xt
cng m g hn hp kl).
Khi phn ng vi H
2
O
d
th Al cn d, ch mt phn Al tc dng vi OH
-
to thnh.
- Phn ng vi nc: n
H
2
=4n
Ba
n
Ba
=0,015 mol (ng vi m g hh).
- Phn ng vi Ba(OH)
2
: n
H
2
=
3
2
.n
Al
+n
Ba
n
Al
=0,6 mol (ng vi 2m g hh).
Vy %m
Al
=
0,6.27
0,6.27+0,03.137
. 100% =79,8%.
Cu 14: p n A.
Lu khi dd Y ha tan Cu khng to thnh sn phm kh ca N
+5
ion NO
3
-
phn ng ht.
Cch 1: V khng cho HNO
3
d, nn khng chc chn ton Fe b oxi ha thnh Fe
3+
, nn torng dung dch gm Fe
2+

v Fe
3+
.
M n
Fe
3+=2n
Cu
=0,13mol.
p dng LBT electron, ta c: 2n
Fe
2+ +3n
Fe
3+ =3n
NO
n
Fe
2+ =0,015 mol
Vy n
Fe
=n
Fe
2++n
Fe
3+ =0,145 mol m
Fe
=8,12g.
Cch 2: Quan st qu trnh phn ng, dung dch cui cng gm Fe
2+
, Cu
2+
.
p dng LBT electron, ta c: 2n
Fe
+2n
Cu
=3n
NO
2n
Fe
+2.0,065 =3.(0,1 +0,04) n
Fe
=0,145 mol m
Fe
=
8,12g.
Cu 15: p n B.
Lu khi nung n khi lng ton b mui hidrocarbon b nhit phn thnh mui carbonat, sau mui carbonat
ca kim loi (ngoi tr mui carbonat ca kim loi kim) tip tc b nhit phn thnh oxit kim loi tng ng.
p dng LBT in tch, ta c: 1.n
Na
+ +2. n
Ba
2+ =1.n
HCO
3
+1. n
Cl
x +y =0,5 mol.
Quan st p n, d dng loi p n D, cn p n A, B u c n
HCO
3
< 0,2 mol n
CO
3
2 < n
Ba
2+ =0,2mol.
Nn ton b mui BaCO
3
b nhit phn:
BaCO
3

t
o
BaO +CO
2

Vy m
rn
=m
Na
+ +m
Ba
2+ +m
Cl
+m
O
2 =0,1.23 +0,2.137 +35,5.y +16.x/2 =29,7 +35,5y +30x =43,6g.
Gii hpt, ta c x =0,14mol; y =0,36 mol.
Cu 16: p n C.
Lu kt ta thu c gm Cu(OH)
2
v BaSO
4
.
Cu 17: p n C.
Ta c m
H
2
O
=
500.30
100
=150g; m
H
2
SO
4
=
500.70
100
=350g.
Gi x l mol oleum cn dng.
H
2
SO
4
.3SO
3
+3H
2
O 4H
2
SO
4

x..3x4x
Page 2

www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
www.MATHVN.com
Vy C% =
m
H
2
SO
4
m
H
2
SO
4
+m
H
2
O
. 100% =
350 +98.4x
350+98.4x+15018.3x
. 100% =98% x =500/217 mol m
oleum
=778,8g.
Cu 18: p n C.
Ta c n
Br
2
=n
X
=n
mui
= 0,1mol M
Mui
=108g/mol R =41 g/mol (C
3
H
5
).
Vy X: C
3
H
5
COOH (4 p, k c p hnh hc).
Cu 19: p n B.
Cu 20: p n C.
C
2
H
2
C
2
Ag
2
CH
3
CHO 2Ag
Gii hpt, ta c n
axetilen
=n
etanal
=0,01 mol.
Cu 21: p n B.
A. Sai, nhn bit frucotozo v glucozo dng dd brom.
C. Sai, tinh bt v xenluloz khng phi ng phn ca nhau.
D. Sai, ch c xenluloz d ko thnh si.
Cu 22: p n A.
Ta c V
ru
=
5,75.6
100
= 0,345 lt = 345ml m
ru
=V
ru
.d=345.0,8 =276g n
ru
=6mol =n
axit
m
axit
=360g.
Cu 23: p n D.
Ta c n
AgCl
=
7,175
108+35,5
= 0,05mol n
Cl
=0,05 mol trong 50g dd A.
M ban u ta c m
dd A
> 385,4g tng ng n
Cl
>
0,05.385,4
50
=0,3854 mol n
Cl
2
p.
=
1
2
. n
Cl
>0,1927 mol
Vy H =
n
Cl
2
p.
n
Cl
2
b
. 100% >64,23%.
Cu 24: p n C.
Gii hpt, 27n
Al
+64n
cu
=18,2g v 3n
Al
+2n
Cu
=3n
NO
+2n
SO
2

n
Al
=n
Cu
=0,2 mol m
Al
=0,2.27 =5,4g %m
Al
=29,7%.
Cu 25: p n A.
Ta c n
BaCO
3
=0,6 mol.
TH1: NaOH d n
CO
2
=n
BaCO
3
=0,6 mol.
TH2: To dung dch 2 mui CO
3
2-
v HCO
3
-
n
CO
2
=n
OH
- n
CO
3
=1,5 0,6 =0,9 mol.
M
166
197
=0,843 <n
hh
=n
CO
2
<
166
84
=1,98 mol Loi trng hp 1.
ng vi 0,9 mol CO
2
to thnh, gii hpt, ta c n
MgCO
3
=0,1 mol; n
BaCO
3
=0,8 mol.
Vy m
MgCO
3
= 8,4g %m
MgCO
3
=5,06%.
Cu 26: p n C.
Cc dd khi tc dng vi bt st d to Fe
2+
l FeCl
3
, CuSO
4
, Pb(NO
3
)
2
, HCl, HNO
3
(long), H
2
SO
4
(c nng).
Cu 27: p n D.
2SO
2
+O
2
2SO
3
vi H < 0
M H < 0 Phn ng ta nhit.
cn bng dch chuyn sang chiu to SO
3
(chiu thun), ta gim nhit , v tng p sut bnh.
Cu 28: p n B.
Cc cht tc dng vi dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
to kt ta l C
2
H
2
, CH
2
O, CH
2
O
2
(HCOOH); C
3
H
4
O
2
(HCOOCH=CH
2
).
Cu 29: p n B (T xeluloz axetat l t bn tng hp).
Cu 30: p n D.
Cc ng phn tha mn ycb l HCOOC=C-C-C (2p, cis-, trans-); HCOOC=C(C)-C; C-C-COOC=C-C (2p, cis-,
trans-); C-C-C-COOC=C.
Cu 31: p n C (Trong dipeptit ch c 1 lk peptit).
Cu 32: p n B.
- Ch c nhm OH gn trc tip vo vng benzen mi c kh nng tham gia phn ng vi dd NaOH.
Cu 33: p n C.
Ta c n
Cu
=0,005mol.
Catot Anot
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu 2Cl
-
Cl
2
+2e
Page 3

www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
www.MATHVN.com
..0,01...0,005 mol ..0,01 mol
Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O
0,005..0,01 mol.
M n
NaOH spu
= 0,05.0,2 = 0,01 mol n
NaOH b
=0,01 +0,01 =0,02 mol C
M NaOH
=0,1M.
Cu 34: p n A.
Quan st ta thy m = 0 (64 56).n
Fe
+(64 65).n
Zn
=0 8n
Fe
=n
Zn.
Vy %m
Zn
=
65.n
Zn
65.n
Zn
+56.n
Fe
. 100% =90,27%.
Cu 35: p n A.
p dng LBT nguyn t [C], ta c: n
Na
2
CO
3
+n
KHCO
3
=n
CO
2
+n
BaCO
3
=0,045 +0,15 =0,195 mol.
M n
H
+=n
CO
3
2 +n
CO
2
=0,15 mol n
CO
3
2 =n
Na
2
CO
3
= 0,105 mol n
KHCO
3
=0,09 mol.
Vy m
hh
=a =0,105.(23.2 +60) +0,09.(39 +1 +60) =20,13g.
Cu 36: p n C (n mn in ha mi lm pht sinh dng in).
Cu 37: p n A.
Dd X c pH = 12 OH
-
d.
Vy [OH
-
]
d
=10
-2
M n
OH

d
=0,005 mol.
M n
OH

p.
=n
H
+=0,25.0,08 +2.0,25.0,01 =0,025 mol
Suy ra n
OH

bd
= 0,025 + 0,005 = 0,03 mol n
Ba(OH)
2
=
1
2
. n
OH

bd
=0,015mol C
M Ba(OH)
2
=a =0,06M.
Cu 38: p n A.
Ta c ch s axit ca cht bo bng 7, vy lng NaOH cn dng trung ha 10kg cht bo trn l 50g
n
NaOH trung

ha
=1,25 mol =n
H
2
O
.
M n
NaOH p.
=n
NaOH b
n
NaOH d
=35,5 0,5 =35mol.
Mt khc n
NaOH p.
=n
NaOH trung ha
+n
NaOH thy phn
n
NaOH thy phn
= 33,75 mol n
glixerol
=
1
3
.n
NaOH thy phn
=11,25 mol
Vy m
glixerol
=1035g =1,035kg.
Cu 39: p n B.
Quan st p n, ta thy A, B, D u c gc ancol l CH
3
OH Gi s este A c dng RCOOCH
3
.
V hn hp mui khan gm RCOONa v NaCl.
Vy n
Ag
=0,4 mol n
ancol
=n
RCOONa
=n
andehit
=0,1mol.
M m
mui
=m
RCOONa
+m
NaCl
m
RCOONa
=15,25 0,1.58,5 = 9,4g M
RCOONa
=94 g/mol M
R
=27 g/mol (C
2
H
3
-).
Cu 40: p n D.
Hn hp Y gm nc v andehit, m n
H
2
O
=n
andehit.
p dng s ng cho, ta c M

andehit
=40 g/mol
Vy hn hp andehit gm HCHO v CH
3
CHO.
p dng s ng cho, hoc gii hpt, ta tnh c n
HCHO
=0,1 mol v n
CH
3
CHO
=0,25 mol.
Suy ra m
ancol
=0,1.32 +0,25.46 =14,7g.
Cu 41: p n D.
Cht rn gm cc oxit ng v ng Quy cht rn X v 0,2 mol Cu v y mol O.
p dng LBT nguyn t [N], ta c: n
HNO
3
=n
NO
3

/mui
+n
NO
=0,2.2 +0,02 =0,42 mol.
Vy V
dd
=0,84 lt.
Cu 42: p n B (Phenol khng lm i mu qu tim).
Cu 43: p n A.
S +2H
2
SO
4 , nng
3SO
2
+2H
2
O
Cu 44: p n C.
Hn hp X gm MgO v CuO Dung dch A gm Mg
2+
v Cu
2+
Mg phn ng ht.
Cht rn B gm Ag v Cu (nu c).
Mg +2Ag
+
Mg
2+
+2Ag
x...0,06 mol
Mg + Cu
2+
Mg
2+
+Cu
x-0,03...0,05mol
M m
oxit
=m
MgO
+m
CuO
=40.x +80.(0,05 (x 0,03)) =3,6g x =0,07 mol.
Vy Mg phn ng vi Cu
2+
to thnh (0,07 0,03) mol Cu.
Page 4

www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
www.MATHVN.com

Mt khc, khi ha tan rn B vo dd H
2
SO
4
c nng, ta c:
n
Ag
+2n
Cu
=2n
SO
2
0,06 +2n
Cu
=2.0,09 n
Cu
= 0,06 mol (Theo LBT electron).
Ta thy mol rn Cu thu c l 0,06 mol trong gm 0,04 mol Cu to thnh t phn ng trn, vy mol Cu trong hh
kim loi l 0,02 mol (v Mg kh ht ion Ag
+
, nn Cu khng tham gia phn ng).
Suy ra m
hh kl
= 0,07.24 + 0,02.64 = 2,96g %m
Mg
=56,8%.
Cu 45: p n C.
Phn ng gia oxit v axit, tht ra l phn ng trao i O trong oxit thnh gc axit.
p dng tng/ gim khi lng, ta c: m
O/ Oxit
=m
Oxit
m
Kl
=22,3 14,3 =8g n
O/ Oxit
=0,5 mol.
Ta c 1O
2-
2Cl
-

Vy n
Cl

mui

=2n
O/ Oxit
=1mol m
Cl

mui

=35,5g m
mui
=m
KL
+m
Cl

mui

=49,8g.
Hoc s dng tng/ gim khi lng, ta c: m
mui
m
Oxit
=(35,5.2 16).0,5 =27,5 m
mui
=22,3 +27,5 =49,8g.
Cu 46: p n D.
Nc
cng
Ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+


Ton
phn
Tm thi HCO
3
-
- un nng.
- Thm mt lng va Ca(OH)
2
.
- Thm mui Na
2
CO
3
; Na
3
PO
4
.
Vnh cu Cl
-
, SO
4
2-
-Thm mui Na
2
CO
3
; Na
3
PO
4
.

Cu 47: p n A.
Ta c n
H
2
/X
= n
H
2
p.
+n
H
2
d
=n
ankan
+n
H
2
d
=n
Z
=0,25 mol
Vy n
olefin/X
=n
X
- n
H
2
/X
=0,4 0,25 =0,15 mol.
p dng LBTKL, ta c: m
X
=m
Y
m
X
=m
olefin d
+m
Z
=1,82 +0,25.7,72.2 =5,68g
M m
X
=m
H
2
/X
+m
olefin/X
m
olefin/X
= 5,18g M
olefin
= 34,5(3) g/mol n =2,4(6).
Cch 1: p dng s ng cho, hoc gii hpt, ta c n
C
2
H
4
= 0,08 mol %V
C
2
H
4
=20%.
Cch 2: Ta thy n =2,4(6) 2,5 nn n
C
2
H
4
n
C
3
H
6
0,075 mol %V
C
2
H
4
18,75%
V n <2,5 nn n
C
2
H
4
>n
C
3
H
6
%V
C
2
H
4
>18,75% p n A.
Cu 48: p n B.
Ta c n
X
=0,05 mol =n
ancol Y
; n
Ag
>0,14 n
Ag
>2n
ancol Y
Y l CH
3
OH.
Cu 49: p n A.
Lu cho khi lng Na v khi lng cht rn, nn c th Na d.
p dng LBTKL, ta c m
axit
=m
rn
+m
kh
m
Na
=12,4g.
M n
axit
=2n
kh
= 0,22mol M

axit
= 56,36 g/mol n =1,74.
Vy hh axit gm HCOOH v CH
3
COOH.
Cu 50: p n C (CH
3
NH
2
c tnh baz nn lm qu tm i mu xanh).
Page 5

www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
www.MATHVN.com