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Nguyn Phi Hng - V Thnh Vn
i hc Khoa hc Hu
**************
Phng php t n ph
trong gii phng trnh v t
A. Li ni u
Qua bi vit ny chng ti mun gii thiu cho cc bn mt s k nng t n ph trong gii
phng trnh v t. Nh chng ta bit c nhiu trng hp gii mt phng trnh v t m ta
bin i tng ng s ra mt phng trnh phc tp , c th l bc qu cao ...C l phng
php hu hiu nht gii quyt vn ny chnh l t n ph chuyn v mt phng trnh
n gin v d gii quyt hn .
C 3 bc c bn trong phng php ny :
- t n ph v gn lun iu kin cho n ph
- a phng trnh ban u v phng trnh c bin l n ph
Tin hnh gii quyt phng trnh va to ra ny . i chiu vi iu kin chn n ph thch
hp.
- Gii phng trnh cho bi n ph va tm c v kt lun nghim
* Nhn xt :
- Ci mu cht ca phng php ny chnh l bc u tin . L do l n quyt nh n ton
b li gii hay, d , ngn hay di ca bi ton .
- C 4 phng php t n ph m chng ti mun nu ra trong bi vit ny l :
+ PP Lng gic ho
+ PP dng n ph khng trit
+ PP dng n ph a v dng tch
+ PP dng n ph a v h
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B. Ni dung phng php
I. Phng php lng gic ho :
1. Nu |x| a s th ta c th t t a x sin = ,t |
.
|

\
|
e
2
;
2

hoc ( ) ; 0 , cos e = t t a x
V d 1 : Gii phng trnh: ) 1 2 1 ( 1 1
2 2
x x x + = +
Li gii : K :| 1 |s x t
|
.
|

\
|
e =
2
;
2
, sin

t t x Phng trnh cho tr thnh :
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= + = |
.
|

\
|
+ = +
2
cos
2
3
sin 2 2 sin sin
2
cos 2 ) cos 2 1 ( sin cos 1
t t
t t
t
t t t

+ =
+ =

= |
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

3
4
6
) 1 2 (
2
1
2
3
sin
0
2
cos
0 ) 1
2
3
sin 2 (
2
cos

k t
k t
t
t
t t
Kt h p vi iu kin ca t suy ra :
6

= t
Vy phng trnh c 1 nghim :
2
1
6
sin = |
.
|

\
|
=

x
V d 2 : Gii phng trnh: | |
3
1
3
2
) 1 ( ) 1 ( 1 1
2
3 3 2
x
x x x

+ = + +
Li gii : K : 1 | | s x
Khi VP > 0 .
Nu | | 0 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( : 0 ; 1
3 3
s + e x x x
Nu | | 0 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( : 1 ; 0
3 3
> + e x x x .
t t x cos = , vi
(

e
2
; 0

t ta c :
t t t
t t t t
sin 2 sin
2
1
1 cos 6 2 sin 2
2
sin
2
cos
2
cos
2
sin 6 2
3 3
+ = |
.
|

\
|
+ + =
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
( )( )
6
1
cos 0 sin 2 1 cos 6 = = + t t t
Vy nghim ca phng trnh l
6
1
= x
V d 3 : Gii phng trnh:
x
x
x
x
x x
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1 2 1

+
+
+

= + +
Li gii : K :
2
1
| | s x
t ( ) ; 0 , cos 2 e = t t x
phng trnh cho tr thnh :
( ) 0 cos 0 2 sin sin
sin
4
sin 1 2
2
cot
2
tan 2
2
cos
2
sin
2 3
2
= = + = + |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
t t t
t
t
t
an
t t t
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht 0 = x
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V d 4 (THTT): Gii phng trnh: 2 3
3
+ = x x x (1)
Hng dn :
Nu 2 < x : phng trnh khng xc nh .
Ch vi 2 > x ta c : ( ) 2 4 3
2 3
+ > > + = x x x x x x x
Vy gii phng trnh (1) ta ch cn xt vi | | 2 ; 2 e x
t ( ) ; 0 , cos 2 e = t t x
khi phng trnh cho tr thnh : |
.
|

\
|
=
2
cos 3 cos
t
t
2. Nu a x > | | th ta c th t :
0 ,
2
;
2
,
sin
= |
.
|

\
|
e = t t
t
a
x

hoc ( )
2
; ; 0 ,
cos

= e = t t
t
a
x
V d 5 : Gii phng trnh: 1
1
1
1
2
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
x
x
Li gii : K : 1 | | > x
t
|
.
|

\
|
e =
2
;
2
,
sin
1
t
t
x
Phng trnh cho tr thnh :
( ) 0
sin
1
cos cos cot cos 1 cot 1
sin
1
2
2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ = = +
t
t t ant t ant
t

+ =
=
=

k t
t
t
12
2
1
2 sin
0 cos
kt hp vi iu kin ca t suy ra
12

= t
Vy phng trnh c 1 nghim : ( ) 1 3 2
12
sin
1
+ =
|
.
|

\
|

x
Tng qut: Gii phng trnh a
x
a x =
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
1
1
2
2
V d 6 : Gii phng trnh: 2
9
3
2
=

+
x
x
x
Li gii : K : 3 | | > x
t ( )
2
, ; 0 ,
cos
3
= e = t t
t
x , phng trnh cho tr thnh :
2 3
4
cos
3
4
1 2 sin 2 sin 2 2 sin 1 2 2
sin
1
cos
1
2
=
|
.
|

\
|
= = = = + = +

x t t t t
t t
(tho mn)
Tng qut: Gii phng trnh: b
a x
ax
x =

+
2 2
vi b a, l cc hng s cho trc
3. t |
.
|

\
|
e =
2
;
2
, tan

t t x a v phng trnh lng gic n gin hn :
V d 7 : Gii phng trnh: 0 3 3 3 3
2 3
= + x x x (1)
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Li gii :
Do
3
1
= x khng l nghim ca phng trnh nn (1) 3
3 1
3
2
3
=

x
x x
(2)
t |
.
|

\
|
e =
2
;
2
, tan

t t x , Khi (2) tr thnh :
3 9
3 3 tan

k t t + = =
Suy ra (1) c 3 nghim : |
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
=
9
7
tan ;
9
4
tan ;
9
tan

x x x
V d 8 : Gii phng trnh:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 2
1
2
1
1
x x
x
x
x
x

+
=
+
+ +
Li gii : K : 1 ; 0 = = x x
t
4
; 0 ,
2
;
2
, tan

= |
.
|

\
|
e = t t t x , phng trnh cho tr thnh :
0 1 2 cos 2 cos . sin 2 0
2 cos . sin 2
1
sin 2
1
1
cos
1
4 sin
2
2 sin
1
cos
1
= + = |
.
|

\
|
+ = + t t t
t t t t t t t
( ) ( )

+ =
+ =

=
=
=
= =

2
6
2
2
2
1
sin
1 sin
0 sin
0 sin 2 sin 1 sin 0 sin 2 sin 2 1 sin 2
2 2 2
k t
k t
t
t
t
t t t t t t
Kt hp vi iu kin suy ra :
6

= t
Vy phng trnh c 1 nghim :
3
1
6
tan = |
.
|

\
|
=

x
4. Mc nh iu kin : a x s | | . Sau khi tm c s nghim chnh l s nghim ti a ca phng
trnh v kt lun :
V d 9 : Gii phng trnh: x x 2 1 6
3
= +
Li gii :
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi : 1 6 8
3
= x x (1)
t | | ; 0 , cos e = t t x , Lc (1) tr thnh : ( ) Z k k t t e + = =
3
2
9 2
1
3 cos

Suy ra (1) c tp nghim :
(

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
9
7
cos ;
9
5
cos ;
9
cos

S
Vy nghim ca phng trnh cho c tp nghim chnh l S
II. Phng php dng n ph khng trit
* Ni dung phng php :
a phng trnh cho v phng trnh bc hai vi n l n ph hay l n ca phng trnh cho :
a phng trnh v dng sau : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x x P x f x Q x f . . + =
khi :
t ( ) 0 , > = t t x f . Phng trnh vit thnh : ( ) ( ) 0 .
2
= + x P x Q t t
n y chng ta gii t theo x. Cui cng l gii quyt phng trnh ( ) t x f = sau khi n gin ha
v kt lun
V d 10 : Gii phng trnh 16 9 2 4 4 2 2
2
+ = + + x x x (1)
Li gii : K : 2 | | s x
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t ( )
2
4 2 x t =
Lc :(1) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x x x x x x x x 8 4 2 16 4 8 16 9 2 16 4 2 16 4 2 4
2 2 2 2 2
+ = + + = + + + Phng
trnh tr thnh : 0 8 16 4
2 2
= + x x t t
Gii phng trnh trn vi n t , ta tm c : 4
2
;
2
2 1
= =
x
t
x
t
Do 2 | | s x nn 0
2
< t khng tha iu kin 0 > t
Vi
2
x
t = th : ( )
( )

=
=
>
=
3
2 4
4 8
0
2
4 2
2 2
2
x
x x
x
x
x ( tha mn iu kin 2 | | s x )
V d 11 :Gii phng trnh 36 1 12
2
= + + + x x x
Li gii : K : 1 > x
t 0 1 > + = x t ,phng trnh cho tr thnh :
x
t
t t xt
6 6
0 36 12
2

= = +
* Vi
x
t
t
6 6
= , ta c : ( ) 6 6 = + t x (v nghim v : 0 ; 0 < > VP VT )
* Vi
x
t
t
6 6 +
= , ta c : t x) 6 ( 6 =
Do 6 = x khng l nghim ca phng trnh nn :
x
x
x
t

= +

=
6
6
1
6
6
Bnh phng hai v v rt gn ta c : 3 = x (tha mn)
Tng qut: Gii phng trnh:
2 2
2 b a x b ax x = + + +
V d 12 : Gii phng trnh: ( ) ( ) 1 2 8 3 1 1 1 2 3
2 2
+ + + = + x x x x
Li gii :
t 1 1 2
2
> = + t x
Phng trnh cho vit thnh :
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 3 3 8 3 8 3 1 3 1 3
2 2 2 2
= + + + = x x t x t xt x t x t
T ta tm c
3
x
t = hoc x t 3 1 =
Gii ra c : 0 = x
* Nhn xt : Ci kho lo trong vic t n ph c th hin r trong phng php ny v c th
l v d trn . bi trn nu ch dng li vi vic chn n ph th khng d gii quyt trn vn n .
Vn tip theo chnh l vic kheo lo bin i phn cn li lm bin mt h s t do , vic gi
quyt t theo x c thc hin d dng hn .
V d 13 : Gii phng trnh: 3 4 2007 3 4 2008
2
= + x x x x
Li gii : K :
4
3
> x
t 0 3 4 > = t x phng trnh cho tr thnh : 0 2007 2008
2 2
= t xt x
Gii ra : t x = hoc
2008
t
x = (loi)
* t x = ta c :

=
=
= +
3
1
0 3 4
2
x
x
x x
Vy 3 , 1 = = x x l cc nghim ca phng trnh cho .
V d 14 : Gii phng trnh: ( ) 1 2 2 1 1 4
3 3
+ + = + x x x x
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Li gii : K : 1 > x
t 1
3
+ = x t ,Phng trnh cho tr thnh ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 1 2 1 4 2 1 4 1 2 1 2
2 2
= + = + + x t x t t x x t
Phng trnh trn kh n gin !!!!!!!
III. Phng php dng n ph a v dng tch
1. Dng mt n ph
V d 15 : Gii phng trnh:
4
9
2
3
2
= + + x x (1)
Li gii : K :
2
3
> x
t 0
2
3
> = + t x phng trnh (1) tr thnh :
( )
( )

= +
=
= + = |
.
|

\
|

2 0 1 3
0
0 1 3
4
9
2
3
3
3
2
2
t t
t
t t t t t
(2) gii oc bng cch p dng phng php I :
t ( ) ; 0 , cos 2 e = t t x a v dng :
2
1
3 cos = t
Tng qut: Gii phng trnh:
2 2
a a x x = + + vi a l hng s cho trc .
V d 16 :Gii phng trnh: ( ) ( ) 1 6 2 2 3
3 2 3
x x x x = + +
Li gii : K : 2 > x
Vit li (1) di dng : ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 0 2 2 2 3
3 3
= + + + x x x x
t 0 2 > + = x t , Khi (2) tr thnh :
( ) ( )

+ =
+ =

=
=
= + = +
2 2
2
2
0 2 0 2 3
2 3 2 3
x x
x x
t x
t x
t x t x t xt x

=
=

=
s

=
>

3 2 2
2
0 8 4
0
0 2
0
2
2
x
x
x x
x
x x
x
Vy phng trnh cho c 2 nghim : 3 2 2 , 2 = = x x
V d 17 : Gii phng trnh : 0 1 5 = + + x x
Li gii : K : | | 6 ; 1 e x (1)
t 0 1 > = x t (2) , phng trnh cho tr thnh :
5 5
2
= + + t t (3) ( )( ) 0 5 4 0 20 10
2 2 2 4
= + = + t t t t t t t
i chiu vi hai iu kin (1) v (2) thay vo v gii ra :
2
17 11
= x
V d 18 : Gii phng trnh: ( )
2
1 1 2006 |
.
|

\
|
+ = x x x
Li gii : K : | | 1 ; 0 e x (1)
t 1 0 1 s s = t x t , Khi : ( )
2
2 2
1 , 1 t x t x = = ,phng trnh cho tr thnh :
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 0 1003 1 2 1 2007 1 1 1 1 2006 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= + = + + = t t t t t t t t t t
V 1 0 s s t nn 0 1003
2
< + t t
Do phng trnh tng ng vi : 1 0 1 = = t t
Do vy 0 = x (tha (1))
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2. Dng 2 n ph .
V d 19 : Gii phng trnh: 3 9 1 2 1 5 4
2 2
= + + + x x x x x
Li gii :
t 1 2 ; 1 5 4
2 2
+ = + + = x x b x x a
( )( ) 0 1 3 9
2 2 2 2
= + = = b a b a b a b a x b a

=
=
=

=
=
=

= +
=

65
56
0
3
1
2 9 2
3 9
3
1
0 1
0
x
x
x
x a
x b a
x
b a
b a
Vy tp nghim ca pt l
)
`

=
65
56
; 0 ;
3
1
S
V d 20 : Gii phng trnh: ( ) 8 3 2 3 2
3 2
+ = + x x x (1)
Li gii : K :

>
s s
2
1 2
x
x
(*)
t 2 , 4 2
2
+ = + = x v x x u ta c : 2 3
2 2
+ = x x v u
Lc (1) tr thnh : ( ) ( )( ) v u v u v u uv v u 2 0 2 2 3 2
2 2
= = + = (Do 0 2 > + v u )
Tm x ta gii : 13 3 0 4 6 2 2 4 2
2 2
= = + = + x x x x x x (Tha (*))
Vy (1) c 2 nghim : 13 3
2 , 1
= x
V d 21 : Gii phng trnh: 1 5 20 9 14 5
2 2
+ = + x x x x x
Li gii : K : 5 > x
Chuyn v ri bnh phng hai v phng trnh mi ,ta c:
( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) 0 4 5 4 5 4 3 5 4 2 1 5 4 10 5 24 9 5 1
2 2 2
= + + + + + + + + = + + x x x x x x x x x x x x x (2)
t 0 , , 4 , 5 4
2
> + = = v u x v x x u ,th :
(2) ( )( )

=
=

=
=
= = +
0 56 25 4
0 9 5
3 2
0 3 2 0 5 3 2
2
2
2 2
x x
x x
v u
v u
v u v u uv v u
Gii ra ta c 2 nghim tha mn : 8 ;
2
61 5
2 1
=
+
= x x
V d 22 : Gii phng trnh: ( ) ( ) ( )
4
2 4 3
4
3
4
2
1 1 1 1 x x x x x x x x + + = + +
Li gii : K : 1 0 s s x
t :

= +
>
>

=
=
1
0
0
1
4 4
4
4
v u
v
u
x v
x u
T phng trnh ta c :
( )( )( )

= +
=
= + + + = + +
1
0
0 1
2 3 2 3 2 2
v u
v u
v u v u v u v u u v v uv u ( Do 0 > + v u )
t ta gii ra c cc nghim :
2
1
; 1 ; 0 = = = x x x
3. Dng 3 n ph .
V d 23 : Gii phng trnh: 2 1 8 8 1 7
3 2 3 2 3
= + + + x x x x x
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Li gii :
t
3 2 3 2 3
1 8 , 8 , 1 7 + = = + = x x c x x b x a ta c :
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

= + + = + +
= + + = + +
2 8 1 8 8 1 7
1 8 2
2 2 3 3 3
3
x x x x x c b a
c b a c b a
T (1) v (2) ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) 0 3
3 3 3 3
= + + + = + + + + a c c b b a c b a c b a
Nn : ( )( )( )

=
=
=
= + + +
a c
c b
b a
a c c b b a 0
t d dng tm ra 4 nghim ca phng trnh : ( ) 9 ; 1 ; 0 ; 1 = S
V d 24 : Gii phng trnh: 0 3 4 9 2 5 1 3
3 3 3 3
= + + + x x x x (1)
Li gii :
t
3 3 3
9 2 , 5 , 1 3 = = + = x c x b x a ,ta c: 3 4
3 3 3
= + + x c b a
khi t (1) ta c : ( ) ( )( )( ) 0
3 3 3 3
= + + + + + = + + a c c b b a c b a c b a
Gii nh v d 23 suy ra c 3 nghim ca phng trnh :
5
8
; 4 ; 3 = = = x x x
IV. Phng php dng n ph a v h
1. Dng n ph a v h n gin gii bng php th hoc rt gn theo v .
a. Dng mt n ph .
V d 25 : Gii phng trnh: 5 5
2
= + + x x
Li gii : K : 5 > x
t 0 , 5 > + = t x t Ta c : 5
2
= t x
( )( )

=
= +

= +
= +

= + +
= +

= + +
= +

=
= +

2
21 1
2
21 1
1
5
0
5
0 1
5
0
5
5
5
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
x
x
t x
t x
t x
t x
t x t x
t x
x t t x
t x
x t
t x
Tng qut: Gii phng trnh: a a x x = + +
2
b. Dng 2 n ph .
* Ni Dung : ( ) ( ) c x f b x f a
n m
= + +
* Cch gii :
t : ( ) ( )
n m
x f b v x f a u = + = ,
Nh vy ta c h :

+ = +
= +
b a v u
c v u
n m
V d 26 : Gii phng trnh: 5 40 57
4 4
= + + x x (1)
Li gii : K : 57 40 s s x
t
4 4
40 , , 57 + = = x v x u
Khi :(1)
( ) | | ( )

= +
= +

= +
= +

= +
= +

0 528 10 2
5
97 2 2
5
97
5
2 2 2
2
2 4 4
uv uv
v u
v u uv v u
v u
v u
v u
d
i
e
n
d
a
n
t
o
a
n
h
o
c
.
n
e
t
9

=
=

=
=

=
= +

=
=
= +

2
3
3
2
6
5
44
6
5
v
u
v
u
uv
v u
uv
uv
v u
(Do h

=
= +
44
5
uv
v u
v nghim)
n y ch vic thay vo tm nghim ca phng trnh ban u .
V d 27 : Gii phng trnh:
4
4
2
1
1 2 = + x x
Li gii : K : 1 2 0 s s x
t :

=
=
v x
u x
4
1 2
vi

s s
s s
4
1 2 0
1 2 0
v
u
(*)
Nh vy ta c h :

= + |
.
|

\
|

=

= +
= +
) 1 ( 1 2
2
1
2
1
1 2
2
1
4
2
4
4
4 2
4
v v
v u
v u
v u
Gii (1) :(1) ( ) ( ) 0
2
3
2
4
1
0
2
1
1 0
2
1
1
2 , 1
4
2 , 1
4
2
2
4
2
2
>

= = + = |
.
|

\
|
+ + v v v v v v
Vy
2 , 1
v tha (*) chnh l 2 nghim ca phng trnh cho .
V d 28 : Gii phng trnh: ( )
2
2
1 1
4
7
x x x = +
Li gii :
t :
( )

=
= +

= =
= +

=
> =
(*) 1
4
7
1
1
1
4
7
1
4
7
1
1
0
4 4 4 4
y y y
z y
y x z y
z y
x z
x y
Gii phng trnh (*),ta c:

=
=

=
=
= |
.
|

\
|

16
9
0
4
3
0
0
4
3
4
2
x
x
y
y
y y
2. Dng n ph a v h i xng
Dng 1 : Gii phng trnh:
n n
b ax a b x = +
Cch gii: t
n
b ax t = ta c h :

= +
= +
ax b t
at b x
n
n
Vic gii h ny tr nn d dng
V d 29 : Gii phng trnh:
3 3
1 2 2 1 = + x x
Li gii :
t :
3
1 2 = x t ta c h :
( ) ( )( )

= + + +
= +

=
= +

= +
= +
0 2
2 1
2
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 2
3
3 3
3
3
3
tx t x t x
t x
x t t x
t x
x t
t x
( )
( )
( )( )
( )

=
=

= + + + +
= +

= + + +
= +

= +
=

2
5 1
1
0 4
0 1 1
2
0 2
2 1
1
0 1 2
2
2 2 2
2
2 2
3
3
x
x
t x x t
x x x
tx t x
t x
x x
t x
d
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10
Vy tp nghim ca phng trnh l :
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
2
5 1
; 1 S
Dng 2 : Gii phng trnh: x a a x + + =
Cch gii : t x a t + = ,phng trnh cho tng ng vi

+ =
+ =
x a t
t a x
V d 30 : Gii phng trnh: x x + + = 2007 2007
Li gii : K : 0 > x
t : x t + = 2007 (1), PT
Ly (3) tr (2) ta c : ( )( ) t x x t x t x t t x = = + + = 0 1
(1)
4
8029 2 8030
0 2007
+
= = x x x (Do 0 > x )
Dng 3 : Chn n ph t vic lm ngc :
V d 31 : Gii phng trnh: 1 2 2 2
2
= x x x
Li gii : K :
2
1
> x
t b ay x + = 1 2
Chn a, b h :
( )
( )

+ = +
+ =
1 2
2 2
2
2
x b ay
b ay x x
|
.
|

\
|
> > 1 ,
2
1
y x (*) l h i xng .
Ly 1 , 1 = = b a ta c h :
( )
( )
( )

=
=

=
=
0
1 2 2
1 2 2
1 2 2
2 2
2
2
2
y x
y x x
x y y
y x x
Gii h trn ta c : 2 2 = = y x
i chiu vi iu kin ca h (*) ta c nghim duy nht ca phng trnh l : 2 2 + = x
Dng 4 :
Ni dung phng php :
Cho phng trnh : ( ) + + + = + x e dx c b ax
n
n
vi cc h s tha mn :

+ =
+ =

bc e
ac d
Cch gii :
t
n
b ax e dy + = +
V d 32 : Gii phng trnh: 7 7
28
9 4
2
+ =
+
x
x
Li gii : K :
4
9
> x
PT
4
7
2
1
7
28
9 4
2
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
+
x
x
- Kim tra :
4
7
, 0 ,
2
1
, 1 , 7 ,
28
9
,
7
1
= = = = = = = e d c b a (tho mn)
t : y y x x y y
x
y y
x
y 7 7
2
1
4
9
4
7
7 7
28
9 4
4
1
28
9 4
2
1
2 2 2
+ = + + = + +
+
= + +
+
= + (1)
d
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Mt khc : x x y 7 7
2
1
2
+ = + (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c h :

+ = +
+ = +
x x y
y y x
7 7
2
1
7 7
2
1
2
2
y l h i xng loi II bit cch gii .
V d 33 : Gii phng trnh: 3 , 3 3 6
2
> + = + x x x x
Li gii :
PT ( ) 3 6 3
2
+ = x x
- Kim tra : 6 , 0 , 3 , 1 , 1 , 3 , 1 = = = = = = = e d c b a
t : 3 6 3 3 9 6 3 3
2 2
+ = + = + + = y y x x y y x y (1)
Mt khc : 3 6 3
2
+ = x x y (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c h :

+ =
+ =
3 6 3
3 6 3
2
2
x x y
y y x
n y kh d dng
V d 34 : Gii phng trnh: 25 53 36 8 5 3
2 3 3
+ = x x x x
Li gii :
PT ( ) ( ) 2 3 2 5 3 2 27 2 . 9 . 3 3 . 4 . 3 2 5 3
3
3 2 3
3
+ = + + = x x x x x x x x
- Kim tra : 2 , 1 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 5 , 3 = = = = = = = e d c b a (tho mn)
t : 3 3 25 53 36 8 5 3 27 54 36 8 5 3 3 2
2 3 2 3 3
= + = + = y x y y y x y y y x y (1)
Mt khc : 3 2 25 53 36 8
2 3
= + y x x x (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c h :

= +
= +
3 2 25 53 36 8
3 3 25 53 36 8
2 3
2 3
y x x x
y x y y y
Gii h trn tht n gin !!!!!!!!!
Hu , ngy 15 thng 4 nm 2007