BI TP NHM 3

Trng Trung Vit

H Minh Truyn
V B Lm
Nguyn Ch Trung
Nguyn Vit Tin
******

Cu 3:
a) Bng gi tr chn l ca biu thc logic mnh : a b bVc
a

a b

bVc

F
F
F
F
T
T
T
T

F
F
T
T
F
F
T
T

F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T

T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F

F
F
T
T
F
F
F
F

F
T
T
T
F
T
T
T

a b
bVc
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T

Vy a b bVc l ng
b) Theo ta c cc biu thc logic mnh sau:
1. (a b) c
2. c d
3. d (f h)
4. a h
5. h b
6. a
Dng phng php hp gii Ta thy:
7. (res 6, 4)
:
h
8. (res 5, 7)
:
b
9. (res 1, 8, 6)
:
c
10. (res 2, 9)
:
d
11. (res 10, 7, 3) :
f
(iu phi chng minh)
Vy f ng.

Cu 7:
a) Thut ton tm kim su trong cy biu din khng gian trng thi:
Procedure timkimsau;
Begin
Open = [start];
Close = [];
While open [] do
Begin
Loi b trng thi ngoi cng bn tri khi open, gi n l X;
If X l mt ch then tr li kt qu (thnh cng)
Else
Begin
Pht sinh cc con ca X;
a X vo close;
Loi cc con ca X trong open hoc close;
a cc con cn li vo u bn tri ca open;
End;
End;
Tr li kt qu (tht bi);
End.
a

b) Tm kim theo chiu su vi

su k = 6

p
s

q
t

v
o

1. open =[a]; close = []

2. open =[b,c]; close = [a]
3. open =[d,e,c]; close = [b,a]
4. open =[h,k,e,c]; close = [d,b,a]
5. open =[n,o,k,e,c]; close = [h,d,b,a]
6. open =[t,o,k,e,c]; close = [n,h,d,b,a]
Vi cy nh phn trn, tm kim su vi k = 6 s khng tm thy tp ch {u,v}
( tm thy tp ch phi duyt n k = 18)
2

Cu 10:
a) V khng gian trng thi ca bi ton Tr chi 8 s:
Hnh khng gian trng thi c nh s t 1- 39 c th nh sau:
1
2
1
7

3
4 6
5 8
Ngun

2
2
1
7

4
5

5
2
1
7

4
5

4
5
7

2
1
7

4
5
8

4
1

2
7
5

4
1
8

2
7

4
1
5

2
1
7

3
6
8

2
1
7

4
6

3
8
5

1
7
5

2
4

3
6

2
1

4
6
7

26

3
8
5

1
7
5

2
4
8

2
1
7

4
6
5

2
4
5

1
7

2
1
7

2
4
5

15
3
6
8

1
4
7

1
4
7

28

2
5

29
1
4

2
5
7

3
6
8

1
4
7

1
4
7

30
2 3
5 6
8
ch

1
4

2
6
7

3
8
5

2
6

2
6
5

2
6
5

3
4
5

6
8

3
4
5

17
6
8

2
1
7

23
3
8

2
1
7

3
4

2
1

3
4
7

31
1
4
7

6
4
8

24
6
8
5

2
1
7

32
3
8

3
5

25
6
4
8

33
6
8
5

2
1

3
5
7

2
7

3
1
5

34
6
4
8

2
1
7

3
5
8

6
4
8

35
6
4

2
7

3
1
5

2
7
5

3
1

2
7
5

3
1
8

6
4
8

37

36
1
4
7

38

2
1
7

22
3
6
8

6
8

16
3
6
8

21
3
6
8

3
6

3
4
5
9

3
6
8

14
3
8

20

27

2
1
7
8

13

19
3
6
8

4
6
5

12
3
6

18
2
7
5

3
6
8

11
3
6
8

3
6
8

4
1
5

2
4
5

1
7

6
3
6
8

10
2
1

3
3
6
8

3
8
5

6
4
8

39
8
26 3 6
74 1 4
5 8

8
2
7
5

3
1
8

2
7
5

3
1
8

6
4

6
4

b) M t qu trnh duyt cy theo thut ton tm kim theo chiu rng (BFS)
1. open = [1]; closed = []
2. open = [2,3,4]; closed = [1]
3. open = [3,4,5,6,7]; closed = [2,1]
4. open = [4,5,6,7,8]; closed = [3,2,1]
5. open = [5,6,7,8,9]; closed = [4,3,2,1]
6. open = [6,7,8,9,10,11]; closed = [5,4,3,2,1]
7. open = [7,8,9,10,11,12]; closed = [6,5,4,3,2,1]
8. open = [8,9,10,11,12,13]; closed = [7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
9. open = [9,10,11,12,13,14,15]; closed = [8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
10. open = [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]; closed = [9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
11. open = [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]; closed = [10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
12. open = [12,13,14,15,16,17]; closed = [11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
13. open = [13,14,15,16,17,18]; closed = [12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
14. open = [14,15,16,17,18,19]; closed = [13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
15. open = [15,16,17,18,19,20]; closed = [14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
16. open = [16,17,18,19,20,21,22]; closed = [15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
17. open = [17,18,19,20,21,22,23]; closed = [16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
18. open = [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25]; closed = [17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
19. open = [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26]; closed = [18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
20. open = [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]; closed = [19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
21. open = [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]; closed = [20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
22. open = [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]; closed = [21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
23. open = [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]; closed = [22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
24. open = [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]; closed = [23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
25. open = [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34]; closed = [24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]
26. open = [26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35]; closed = [25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3, 2,1]
27. open = [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35]; closed = [26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3, 2,1]
28. open = [28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35]; closed = [27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3, 2,1]
29. open = [29,30,31,32,33,34,35]; closed = [28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3, 2,1]
30. open = [30,31,32,33,34,35]; closed = [29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3, 2,1]
31. open = [31,32,33,34,35]; closed = [30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,
2,1]
Tm thy trng thi ch 30, kt thc.

Cu 14:

r
s

a) M t qu trnh duyt cy theo thut ton tm kim theo chiu rng (BFS)
1. open =[a]; close = []
2. open =[b,c]; close = [a]
3. open =[c,d,e]; close = [b,a]
4. open =[d,e,f,g]; close = [c,b,a]
5. open =[e,f,g,h,k]; close = [d,c,b,a]
6. open =[f,g,h,k]; close = [e,d,c,b,a]
7. open =[g,h,k,i,m]; close = [f, e,d,c,b,a]
8. open =[h,k,i,m]; close = [g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
9. open =[k,i,m,n,o]; close = [h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
10. open =[i,m,n,o]; close = [k,h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
11. open =[m,n,o,p,q]; close = [i,k,h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
12. open =[ n,o,p,q]; close = [m,i,k,h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
13. open =[o,p,q,r]; close = [n,m,i,k,h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
14. open =[o,p,q,r]; close = [n,m,i,k,h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
15. open =[p,q,r]; close = [o,n,m,i,k,h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
16. open =[q,r]; close = [p,o,n,m,i,k,h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
17. open =[r]; close = [q,p,o,n,m,i,k,h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
18. open =[s]; close = [r,q,p,o,n,m,i,k,h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
19. open =[]; close = [s, r,q,p,o,n,m,i,k,h,g,f, e,d,c,b,a]
Tm thy tp ch {s,p}, kt thc. (Duyt ht khng gian trng thi)

b) M t qu trnh duyt cy theo thut ton tm kim theo chiu su (DFS)

1. open =[a]; close = []
2. open =[b,c]; close = [a]
3. open =[d,e,c]; close = [b,a]
4. open =[h,k,e,c]; close = [d,b,a]
5. open =[n,o,k,e,c]; close = [h,d,b,a]
6. open =[r,o,k,e,c]; close = [n,h,d,b,a]
7. open =[s,o,k,e,c]; close = [r,n,h,d,b,a]
8. open =[o,k,e,c]; close = [s,r,n,h,d,b,a]
9. open =[k,e,c]; close = [o,s,r,n,h,d,b,a]
10. open =[e,c]; close = [k,o,s,r,n,h,d,b,a]
11. open =[c]; close = [e,k,o,s,r,n,h,d,b,a]
12. open =[f,g]; close = [c,e,k,o,s,r,n,h,d,b,a]
13. open =[i,m,g]; close = [f,c,e,k,o,s,r,n,h,d,b,a]
14. open =[p,q,m,g]; close = [i,f,c,e,k,o,s,r,n,h,d,b,a]
15. open =[q,m,g]; close = [p,i,f,c,e,k,o,s,r,n,h,d,b,a]
Tm thy tp ch {s,p}, kt thc.
Nhn xt:
Ta thy vi phng php tm kim BFS phi duyt ht khng gian trng thi
mi tm thy c tp ch {s,p}; phng php tm kim DFS th thi gian tm
c tp ch {s,p} ngn hn v khng cn duyt ht khng gian trng thi.