K THI CHN HSG CP TNH LP 12 THPT

Kha ngy 22-10-2013

Cu 1: (2im) Hp cht M2Xx c phn t khi l 158 vC, trong M chim 79,17% v khi
lng. X thuc chu k 3. Trong ht nhn M c N Z = 5; trong ht nhn ca X c N = Z.
Tng s proton trong M2Xx l 74.
a. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc.
b. T M2Xx, vit cc phn ng iu ch M.
Cu 2: (2im) 600K, i vi phn ng H2(k) + CO2(k) H2O(k) + CO(k), cn bng ca
H2, CO2, H2O, CO ln lt l 0,600; 0,459; 0,500; 0,425 mol/lt.
a. Tm KC ca phn ng.
b. Nu lng ban u ca H2 v CO2 bng nhau v bng 1 mol c t vo bnh 5 lt th
nng cn bng cc cht l bao nhiu?
Cu 3: (2im) KMnO4 l thuc th c dng xc nh nng cc mui st (II). Phn
ng gia KMnO4 v FeSO4 trong dung dch H2SO4 din ra theo s phn ng:
KMnO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O (1)
a. Hon thnh s phn ng (1) di dng phn t, ion.
b. Gi thit phng trnh ha hc vit dng ion l thun nghch, hy vit biu thc hng
s cn bng ca phn ng.
c. Hy tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng. Bit rng:

2+

= 1,51;

3+

2+

= 0,77.
d. Nu thay H2SO4 bng HCl th cn bng trn nh hng nh th no? Gii thch. Bit
rng:

2
2

= 1,36.
Cu 4: (2im) Trn 15,00 ml dung dch CH3COONa 0,030M vi 30,00 ml dung dch
HCOONa 0,15M. Tnh pH dung dch thu c. Bit pKa(CH3COOH) = 4,76; pKa(HCOOH) =
3,75.
Cu 5: (2im) Nung nng hn hp A gm Fe v 0,72 gam Mg trong oxi, thu c 4,24 gam
hn hp B gm Fe2O3, FeO v MgO. Khi un nng B trong kh CO d ta c hn hp kh
CO v CO2, hn hp ny khi qua nc vi trong d cho ra 5 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng Fe
trong A.
Cu 6: (2im) Xc nh cc cht t X1 n X5 trong dy chuyn ha sau:
Br
2
(1:1)
as
X
1
NaOH/H
2
O
X
2
CuO,to
X
3
Br
2
+H
2
O
X
4
C
2
H
5
OH/H
2
SO
4
X5

Cu 7: (2im)
a. T metan v cc cht v c cn thit, vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch 2,4,6-
tribromanilin.
b. T anilin, vit cc phng trnh iu ch 4,4-oxidianilin l cht rn khng mu dng
tng hp polyamit.
H
2
N
O
NH
2
Cu 8: (2im) T mt loi tinh du ngi ta tch c cht A cha 76,92%C; 12,82%H v
10,26%O trong phn t, MA = 156vC. A cn c iu ch bng cch hidro ha c xc tc
cht 2-isopropyl
-5-
metylphenol (B).
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A.
b. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A.
c. un nng A vi H2SO4 c 180
o
C thu c cht D, hidrat ha D to ra cht E. Xc
nh E v vit phng trnh phn ng, bit cc phn ng u to sn phm chnh.
d. So snh mnh tnh axit ca A v B.
Cu 10: (2im) TRF l tn vit tt mt homon iu khin hot ng ca tuyn gip. Thy
phn hon ton 1 mol TRF thu c 1 mol mi cht sau: Pro, Glu, His v NH3. Trong hn hp
sn phm thy phn khng hon ton TRF c ipeptit His-Pro. Ph khi lng cho bit ohaan
t khi ca TRF l 362vC. Phn t TRF khng cha vng ln hn 5 cnh. Hy xc nh
cng thc cu to ca TRF.























K THI CHN HSG CP TNH LP 12 THPT
Kha ngy 22-10-2012
Cu 1: (2im)
1. th cho di y biu din nhit si ca hp cht hidro ca cc nguyn t thuc
nhn VIA v IVA. Hy nhn xt v gii thch.

2. Cho cn bng: 2NOBr(k) 2NO(k) + Br2(k). Bit t l b phn hy ca NOBr l 34%
25
o
C v p sut chung ca h sau phn ng l 0,25 atm. Tnh Kp 25
o
C.
Cu 2: (2im)
1. Cn bng cc phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng electron:
(a) Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2 + N2O + H2O
Bit t l mol ca N2 v N2O l 1:2
(b) CuSO4 + P + H2O Cu3P + H3PO4 + H2SO4
2. Tnh s ml dung dch HClO4 0,001M cn ly iu ch 1 lt dung dch axit ny c pH
= 6,2.
Cu 3: (2im)
1. Nu hin tng xy ra v gii thch khi:
(a) Nh t t tng git dung dch NH3 vo dung dch FeCl3.
(b) Trn ln 2 dung dch AlCl3 v NaAlO2.
2. iu ch tng kim loi ring bit t:
(a) Hn hp MgO v CuO.
(b) Dung dch AlCl3 v FeCl2.
Cu 4: (2im)
Cho 44,8 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Cu, Fe2O3 vo dung dch HCl d thy X tan hon ton,
thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt H2 (ktc). Cho X vo 500 ml dung dch HNO3 xM thu c
V lt NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht ca N5
+
), 3,2 gam kim loi v dung dch Z. C cn Z
c m gam mui khan. Bit rng dung dch Y khng th ha tan c Cu. Tnh m, V v x.
Cu 5: (2im)
Chia 78,4 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn
th nht vo dung dch HCl d thu c 77,7 gam mui khan. Phn th 2 tc dng va ht
vi 500 ml dung dch Y gm hn hp HCl, H2SO4 long, thu c 83,95 gam mui khan. Xc
nh nng mol/lt ca Hcl v H2SO4 c trong Y.
Cu 6: (2im)
in phn 100 ml dung dch gm 13,5 gam CuCl2 v 14,9 gam KCl trong iu kin c
mng ngn v in cc tr.
1. Trnh by s v phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng in phn c th xy ra.
2. Tnh nng mol/lt cc cht cn li sau khi in phn vi thi gian 1,5 gi, cng
dng in l 5,361A. Bit rng dung dch thu c c th tch khng i.
Cu 7: (2im)
1. Trnh by c ch phn ng nitro ha benzen to ra nitrobenzen.
2. Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C10H12O c tch ra t l cy nguyt qu v l 1
gia v ni ting. X khng tan trong dung dch axit v baz nhng phn ng mnh vi Br2 trong
CCl4 v dung dch KMnO4 long. Khi X b oxi ha cho axit p-metoxibenzoic. Khi X tc dng
vi H2 nh cht xc tc cho hp cht C10H14O. Xc nh cu trc c th c ca X.
Cu 8: (2im) Thuc paracetamol c tc dng h st v gim au c cng thc cho bn.
Hy vit cc phng trnh ha hc iu ch paracetamol. Cho rng cc cht ph l c .
O
N
H
HO
paracetamol

Cu 9: (2im) Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C6H12O3 . Thc hin phn ng x phng ha
A bng dung dch NaOH c 2 cht B v E. Oxi ha B bng dung dch K2Cr2O7 sau oxi
ha tip bng dung dch nc Brom c hp cht C. Cho C tc dng vi Br2/PBr3 c cht
D. Thy phn D c cht E. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch HCl c cht F (40% C, 6,66%
H cn li l oxi). F c th to ra t hp cht H cha nito bng cch cho tc dung vi HNO2.
Thc hin phn ng este ha t 2 phn t F c cht G v c mt phn t H2O tch ra cc
nh cng thc cu to ca cc cht t A n H.
Cu 10: (2im) C 4 axit cacboxylic X, Y, Z, T u mch h v khi lng phn t tng
ng tng dn, trong X, Y, T no cn Z khng no c mt ni i. t chy hon ton a mol
hn hp A cha X v T thu c a mol H2O nhng t chy a mol hn hp B gm Y v Z thu
c 2 amol H2O.
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z v T.
2. Bng phng php ha hc nhn bit cc axit trn.








K THI CHN HSG CP TNH LP 12 THPT
Kha ngy 22-10-2011
Cu 1: (2im)
1. Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
v so snh bn knh ca chng.
2. Nng lng lin kt X-X (Kcal/mol) ca cc Halogen c gi tr sau:



Ti sao t F2 n Cl2 nng lng lin kt tng, nhng Cl2 n I2 nng lng lin kt gim.
Cu 2: (2im)
Tnh nng ca NH3, Ag
+
trong dung dch AgNO3 0,005M v NH3 0,1M. Bit rng:
Ag
+
+ NH3 Ag(NH3)
+
1 = 10
3,32

Ag
+
+ 2NH3 Ag(NH3)2
++
2 = 10
7,24

NH3 + HOH NH4
+
+ OH
-
Kb = 10
-4,76

Cu 3: (2im)
Vit s cc phn ng thc hin dy chuyn ha sau:
O
CH
3
O
OH
OH
CH
3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Cu 4: (2im) Trnh by c ch cc phn ng sau:
(a)
Cl
HCl
(b)
OH
H
+

Cu 5: t chy hon ton 14 gam hn hp X gm ankan, anken v ankin trong bnh kn cn
va 216 gam khng kh (80% N2, 20% O2 v th tch).
a. Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp thu c sau phn ng.
b. 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp X trn lm mt mu ti da m gam Br2 trong dung dch. Tm m.
Cu 6: (2im)
F2 Cl2 Br2 I2
(Kcal/mol) 38 59 46 35

1. Cho bit c im ca axit bo. Vit cng thc phn t ca trilinolein v cho bit s
lin kt xichma trong hp cht .
2. Mt hn hp X gm 2 este n chc ng phn ca nhau, t l mol ca 2 cht trong
hn hp l 3:5. Cho 70,4 gam hn hp tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp 2
mui khan. Xc nh thnh phn % v khi lng mi ancol c trong hn hp.
Cu 7: (2im) Hn hp kh X gm N2 v H2, t khi ca X i vi He bng 1,8. Nung nng (
c bt Fe xc tc) hn hp X sau mt thi gian c hn hp Y, t khi hi ca Y so vi He
bng 2,25. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng.
Cu 8: (2im) Ha tan hon ton 4,88 gam hn hp X gm Cu v mt oxit st vo dung dch
HNO3 thu c dung dch A v 1,12 lt (ktc) hn hp kh B (NO v NO2) c t khi hi vi
hidro bng 19,8. C cn dung dch A thu c 14,78 gam hn hp mui khan. Xc nh cng
thc oxit st v khi lng mi cht trong hn hp.
Cu 9: (2im) Cho hn hp gm (K,Al,Zn) vo trong nc thu c rn A v dung dch B.
Cho t t dung dch HCl n d vo A, sau thm NH3 d vo th thu c kt ta D.
Cho dung dch HCl n d vo B, sau nhng tm nhm vo mt thi gian, kt thc phn
ng em tm nhm cn li th thy khi lng tm nhm tng ln.
Xc nh cc cht trong A, B v D. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc minh ha.
Cu 10: (2im)
Dung dch hn hp X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v a mol NaCl. in phn (in cc tr, c
mng ngn) dung dch X vi dng in c cng I = 2,68A n khi nc in phn c 2
in cc th dng li thu c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y tc dng va vi 8,4 gam
NaHCO3
a. Xc nh a v thi gian in phn (tnh theo gi).
b. Tnh khi lng dung dch gim i so vi ban u.
















K THI CHN HSG CP TNH LP 12 THPT
Nm hc 2010 2011
Cu 1: (2im)
1. Cho Fe (Z=26). Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
. Ion no bn hn? Ti sao?
2. Cn c vo cu trc ca phn t CO v N2, gii thch v sao Co c kh nng to phc
vi mt s kim loi chuyn tip, trong khi N2 khng c tnh cht ny.
Cu 2: (2im)
1. Khi ha tan phn KAl(SO4)2.12H2O vo nc to ra dung dch c mi trng axit, baz
hay trung tnh? Hy gii thch kt lun bng phn ng ha hc.
2. Tnh pH ca dung dch hn hp CH3COOH 0,1M v CH3COONa 0,2M. Cho bit pKa
ca CH3CHOOH l 4,75.
Cu 3: (2im)
1. Xt phn ng N2O5 N2O4 + 1/2O2 25
o
C. Sau tng thi gian phn ng ngi ta o
nng ca N2O5 nh sau:
Thi gian (s) Nng N2O5 (mol/lit)
0 2,33
184 2,08
319 1,91
Xc nh tc trung bnh ca phn ng trong khong thi gian t 184 n 319s.
2. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng H2 + I2 2HI, 600
o
C l 70,0.
Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng trn vi t l s mol H2 v I2 ban u tng ng l 2:1.
Cu 4: (2im)
Xc nh cc cht v hon thnh cc phn ng ha hc sau:
A

B + C + D
C + E

F + G + H2O
A + E H + F + G + H2O
H + H2O
in phn c mng ng n
I + K + G
K + G

E
Bit A l mt mui trong c nguyn t Mn.
Cu 5: (2im)
Dung dch A cha x mol HCl; dung dch B cha y mol Na2CO3. Cho t t A n ht vo
B ta c dung dch C. Hi trong dung dch C c nhng cht g? Bao nhiu mol?
Cu 6: (2im)
1. Sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh baz ca amoniac, metyl amin, anilin. Gii thch.
2. Thc hin th nghim sau: ly 1 t propyl clorua v phenyl clorua cho vo 2 ng
nghim, thm tip vo 2 ng nghim mt t dung dch NaOH long ri un si c 2 ng
nghim. ngui v trung ha NaOH bng dung dch HNO3 v sau thm tip vo dung
dch AgNO3. Nu hin tng quan st c tng ng nghim v vit cc phng trnh phn
ng xy ra.
Cu 7: (2im)
1. Vit cng thc cu to ca cc sn phm to thnh t cc phn ng sau:
a.
CHO
+ CH
3
CHO
EtONa/EtOH
t
o

b.
N
CH
3
CH
3
(1) CH
3
I du
(2) Ag
2
O
(3) t
o

2. Hon thnh dy chuyn ha sau:

CH
3
COCl
AlCl
3
A
CH
2
O
NH
B
(1)
MgCl
Et
2
O
(2) H
2
O
C

Cu 8: (2im) Cht X c cng thc sau:
O
H
HO
H
OH
H
H
OH
H
OH
OH

1. Vit cng thc cu to mch h ca X.
2. Y l mt epime ca X. Khi cho X v y tc dng vi phenylhidrazin th cho cng 1 sn
phm. Vit cng thc Fisher ca Y.
3. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch nc brom c cht X1, cho X1 tc dng vi CaCO3
ri oxi ha sn phm bng H2O2/Fe2(SO4)3 c cht X2. Tm cng thc Fisher ca X1 v X2.
Cu 9: (2im) Cho 0,02 mol mt este phn ng va ht vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M,
sn phm thu c gm mt mui v mt ancol u c s mol bng s mol este v u c cu
to mch thng. Mt khc 2,58 gam este trn phn ng va vi 20 ml dung dch KOH
1,5M thu c 3,33 gam mui. Tm cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca axit, ancol v
este.
Cu 10: (2im) Hp cht A c cng thc C6H8O4. A tc dng vi etanol c axit v c lm
xc tc cho hp cht B c cng thc C10H16O4. A phn ng vi H2O2 v axit HCOOH, tip
theo l H2O cho hp cht C c cng thc C6H10O6. C khng c i quang. Hidro ha c Ni
xc tc A bin thnh D c cng thc C6H10O4. D mt nc bin thnh cht E c cng thc
C6H8O3. C hai cht E, D u c cht i quang. Xc nh cu trc ca cc cht A, B, C, d, E
v ch ra ha lp th ca cc cht .

K THI CHN HSG LP 12 THPT CP TNH
Kha ngy 09-11-2009
Cu 1: (2im)
Cho X, Y l 2 phi kim: trong nguyn t X v Y s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in ln lt l 14 v 16. Bit trong hp cht XYx th X chim 15,0486% v khi lng,
tng s proton l 100 v tng s ntron l 106.
a. Xc nh s khi v tn X, Y.
b. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca XYx, kiu lai ha nguyn t X v dng hnh hc ca
phn t XYx.
Cu 2: (2im)
Trng 1 mol CH3COOH vi 1 mol C2H2OH c H2SO4 c 25
o
C, khi phn ng t trng
thi cn bng ta thu c hn hp trong c 2/3 mol este.
a. Tnh hng s cn bng KC.
b. Trn 3 mol C2H5OH vi 1 mol CH3COOH, khi t trng thi cn bng nhit 25
o
C
th s mol este thu c l bao nhiu?
Cu 3: (2im)
1. H2S c iu ch bng cch cho FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl hoc thy phn
nhm sunfua. H2S l cht kh, n phn ng c vi SO2 v K2Cr2O7/H2SO4. Vit cc phn
ng ha hc xy ra.
2. Dung dch A gm FeCl3, AlCl3 v CuCl2 (nng mi cht xp x bng 0,1M).
a. Dung dch A c pH>7, pH<7 hay pH=7.
b. Cho H2S li chm qua dung dch A n khi bo ha c kt ta B v dung
dch C. Hy cho bit thnh phn ca kt ta B c dung dch C.
c. Thm dn dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch C. C hin tng g xy ra?
Vit phn ng ha hc di dng phng trnh ion gii thch.
Cu 4: (2im)
Cho 2,39 gam mt tinh th ngm nc A c dng MCln.6H2O (M l kim loi) tc dng
vi SOCl2 d theo phn ng: MCln.6H2O + 6SOCl2 6SO2 + 12HCl + MCln.
Cho kh sinh ra tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 c ha tan H2O2 (d) c 13,98 gam kt
ta.
Mt khc, ha tan 1,195 gam A vo nc c 100 ml dung dch B. Cho 1/5 dung dch B
phn ng va vi dung dich AgNO3 to ra 0,287 gam kt ta.
Xc nh khi lng mol nguyn t ca M v cng thc ca A.
Cu 5: (2im)
1. Ha tan ht m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 120 ml dung dch KOH
2M vo X, thu c x mol kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 180 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th
cng thu c x mol kt ta. Tm m v x.
2. Trn 0,54g bt nhm vi bt Fe2O3 v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu
c hn hp A. Ha tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO3 c hn hp kh B gm NO
v NO2 c t l s mol tng ng l 1:3. Tnh th tch (ktc) kh NO v NO2.
Cu 6: (2im)
1. T cumen vit s phn ng tng hp poli(metyl metacrylat).
2. Vit v trnh by c ch phn ng to ra amyl axetat (du chui) t axit v ancol tng
ng.
Cu 7: (2im) Cho bit cng thc cu to cc hp cht t B n inen trong s cho di
y:

Br
Mg, ete
B
O 1.
2. H
2
O
C
PBr
3
D
NaCN
E
H
2
O,
H
2
SO
4
F
SOCl
2
G
Friel-Crafts
AlCl
3
H
H
2
xt
I
H
2
SO
4
dd
inden

Cu 8: (2im)
1. Vit cng thc cu to ca cc ng phn c th c ca C4H6.
2. Mt hidrocacbon X c t khi hi so vi hidro l 41.
a. Tm cng thc phn t ca X.
b. Tm cng thc cu to ca X bit rng: X trong dung dch KMnO4 to ancol hai
chc cn trong dung dch KMnO4/H2SO4 th to axit adipic HOOC[CH2]COOH.
Cu 9: (2im)
1. Hp cht A (C10H18O) c phn lp t 1 loi tinh du Vit Nam. A khng lm
mt mu nc brom v dung dch thuc tm long, cng khng tc dng vi hidro c xc tc
niken, nhng li tc dng vi axit clohidric m c sinh ra 1-clo-4-(1-clo-1-metyletyl)-1-
metylxiclohexan. Hy xut cu trc ca A.
2. Hp cht B (C10H20O2) c trong mt loi tinh du Nam M. T B c th tng hp
c A bng cch un nng vi axit. Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn B.
Cu 10: (2im)
1. Trong t nhin glucozo tn ti dng mch vng no? Dng no chim t l nhiu
hn? V sao?
2. Khi hidro ha glucozo v fructozo th sn phm thu c ging nhau hay khc nhau?
V sao?