1.

Thit k mch ngun n nh 5V - 1A

S nguyn l ca mch ngun 5V - 1A

==> Thng s chnh ca mch

+ in p u vo t 12VDC n 40VDC
+ in p u ra 5V - 1A
+ C bo v qu ti bng cu ch 1A
+ C bi v chng dng ngc
==> Linh kin cn c trong mch
+ Cc ngun u vo 3A
+ Diode 3A
+ Cu ch 1A
+ T in ha 470uF - 50V
+ T in khng phn cc 104
+ LED bo ngun v in tr LED
+ n p 7805
+ Cc ngun u ra (rm)
II - Nguyn tc hot ng ca mch
Trn l mch n p 5V kh n gin s dng 7805 . Mch c bo v chng dng ngc, bo v qu
ti. Cng sut u ra kh thp (5W). Mch c s dng nhiu trong cc mch iu khin, mch cp
ngun cho cc mch tn hiu...Mch ch xoay quanh chc nng n nh in p ca con 7805. By gi
chng ta hy i phn tch mch hiu r mch hot ng nh th no? Do mch s dng linh kin n
p 7805 nn hot ng ca mch chnh l s hot ng bn trong ca 7805.
1) Linh kin n p 7805
Trn thc t th linh kin n p 7805 c dng rt nhiu trong cc mch in iu khin dng cp

ngun n nh cho mch. Vi u im l d ghp ni , d thit k vi chi ph thp, ngun u ra n

nh. Nhc im ca n l cng sut u ra kh thp (1A) v hot ng khng n nh khi c nhiu
bn ngoi. Hot ng c gii nhit kh cao l 0 -125 C

Trn hnh v trn l 2 dng ng v ca 7805. Ty theo mch thit k m ngi ta dng cc dng ng
v. V d nh trong mch dng nhiu linh kin dn th ngi ta dng dng ng v D-PAL v n tip
kim din tch ca mch.
* 7805 c 3 chn cho ta kt ni vi n : Chn 1 l chn ngun u vo, chn 2 l chn GND , chn 3 l
chn ly in p ra.
+ Chn 1 - 2 (Chn in p u vo) : y l chn cp ngun u vo cho 7805 hot ng. Gii in
p cho php u vo ln nht l 40V. Theo datasheet th gii in p u ra l 5V ta nn cho in p
vo l 35V mch lc no cng hot ng n nh in p khng b ln xung do ngun u vo
+ Chn 3 ( Chn in p u ra) : Chn ny cho chng ta ly in p u ra n nh 5V. m bo u
ra n nh lun nm trong gii t (4.75V n 5.25V).
* m bo thng s : Vi - V0 > 3V. Thng s ny phi lun m bo khi cp ngun cho 7805. Tc l
in p cp vo cho 7805 phi nm trong 8V n 40V. Nu di 8V th mch n p khng cn tc
dng. Thng thng ngi ta khng bao gi cp ngun 8V vo c m ngi ta phi cp ngun ln hn
t nht l gp i ngun u ra trng trng hp st p u vo sinh ra ngun u ra khng n nh
trong thi gian ngn.
* m bo tn nhit tt cho 7805 khi chy vi ti. Khi cng sut tng ln th do 7805 l linh kin bn
dn cng sut nn rt nng khi ti ln. trng hng linh kin v cho linh kin hot ng trong nhit
bnh thng th cn phi tn nhit tt.

2) Thnh phn lc ngun v lc nhiu

* Nh chng ta bit th cc t C2 v C4 l cc t ha dng lc in p. V y l in p 1 chiu
nhng cha c phng vn cn cc gn nhp nh nn cc t ny c tc dng lc ngun cho thnh
in p mt chiu phng
+ T C2 l lc ngun u vo cho 7805. T ny l t ha phi c in dung ln lc phng in
p u vo v in p t chu ng phi ln hn in p u vo
+ T C4 l lc ngun u ra cho 7805. T ny cng l t ha dng lc ngun u ra cho bng
phng

* Trong thnh phn mt chiu cn c cc sng iu ha bc 2, 3..., sng nhp nh c tn s cao, nhiu
bn ngoi. Cc sng ny nh hng n hot ng ca 7805. Nu trong mch tn ti nhng thnh phn
sng ny s lm sai st kh pht hin trong mch lm cho mch hot ng khng n nh
Hai t lc nhiu tn s cao C1 v C3. T ny phi l t khng phn cc, t Ceramic. Hai t ny lc cc
thnh phn trn cho u vo v u ra m bo cho mch hot ng bnh thng
3) Thnh phn bo v v chng dng ngc
* bo v cho 7805 chng ta cn phi dng 1 cu ch bo v cho 7805. Trng hp 7805 qu ti
(>1A) th cu ch s t. Khng bit th no ch dng 7805 ngn mch u ra trong thi gian th 7805
khng cht m nng ry ln. Do cu ch s bo v trng hp ny.
* Chng dng ngc hay bo v mch chng dng ngc l mch no cng phi c trong mch 1
chiu. Trnh c trng hp ngi s dng lp ngc ngun sinh ra hng mch v chy mch.
Diode 3A c tc dng bo v hin tng lp ngc ngun u vo bo v mch. Ci ny rt quan
trng trong mch 1 chiu
4) Kt qu v mch PCB
Trong mch s dng rt t linh kin nn mch kh n gin. Lm th cng rt nhanh. Mch nh sau :

5) Hng pht trin ca mch

Vi mch ny c th dng nhiu cho cc dng ca 78. Nu nh cc pc mun n nh in p
6V,8V, 12V... Ch cn chn 78 thch hp vi in p cc bn mun n p nh 7806, 7808, 7812...
Nguyn l cng ging nh mch n nh trn v ch khc l cc IC 78xx tng ng vi in p ra cn.

2. Mch ngun n nh 12V - 15A

y l dng mch ngun n nh in p u ra vi cng sut ln. S dng IC n p h 78XX v

transitor cng sut.. i vi nhng mch ch s dng 78 th cng sut rt b do vy nng cng sut
ln ngi ta kt hp vi cc transitor hay cc linh kin khc nng cng sut ca b ngun!
Nhim v ca 7812 trong mch dng n nh gi tr in p u ra l 12V c nh. Vi dng u ra
ca 7812 l 1A
Nhim v ca transitor Tip2955 l mt transitor cng sut vi dng Iec ln dng cp dng u ra
cho ti. Xem datasheet bit dng Ice l bao nhiu?
Nguyn l ca mch : Nhn trn mch chng ta thy c in p u ra lun mc 12V do IC 7812
n p mc in p n nh. Cc transitor TIP2955 lun c m v cp dng ra ti tc l tng thm
dng ra ti do 7812 c dng u ra thp.
in p nh sau b chnh lu khong Ud = 12*sqrt(2) -1.5V tc l khong Ud = 15V
Do cc in tr cng sut R4, R3, R2 nn in p t trn cc in tr l Ur = 15V - (12V-0.6V) =
2.4V ( 0.6 l in p st trn transitor v in p ti chn E ca transitor l 12V do 7812 to ra) in
p t trn cc con tr R4,R3, R2 khi mch hot ng khong 2.4V nh vy ta phi tnh cng sut hp
l dng qua tr nm trong khong cho php nh hnh trn ( Ir = 2.4/R) tc l mt phn cng sut s
tiu tn trn in tr. Nn vy 7812 lun n nh in p u ra l 12Vv cc TIP2955 mc song song
nn kch dng cho u ra t c 15A. Dng u ra bao gm cc dng u ra ca 7812 v dng ra
ca 3 con TIP2955
Cu ch 15A bo v qu ti v 1A bo v cho 7812
M rng ca mch :
+ Nh i vi mch ny th mun tng cng sut u ra ch cn thay i con TIP2955 ln hn c
dng Ice ln.
+ Mun n nh in p u ra no ch cn tnh ton gi tr in tr cng sut R2,R3,R4 l c.
Ch : i vi mch ny cn ch n ngun cung cp u vo. Bin p h p phi c dng u ra

ln hn 15A v in p 12VAC. Chng ta nn chn 20A v cu diode phi l 20A.

Cn tn nhit cho TIP2955 v 7812. Khi chy cng sut th cc linh kin ny rt nng.

3. Nguyn tc n p 78xx - 79xx

Vi nhng mch in khng i hi n nh ca in p qu cao, s dng IC n p thng c
ngi thit k s dng v mch in kh n gin. Cc loi n p thng c s dng l IC 78xx 79xx, vi xx l in p cn n p. V d 7805 n p 5V,7808 n p 8V, 7812 n p 12V hay n p
in p m c 7905 n p in p -5V, 7912 n p -12V. Vic dng cc loi IC n p 78xx tng t
nhau hay i vi 79xx cng tng t, di y l minh ha cho IC n p 7805
Hm nay ti hng dn cc bn qua cch s dng qua loi IC n p. m trong cc mch ta thng hay
s dng lm ngun h thng. l loi IC ca h 78 v 79 vi cc ngun n p u ra khc nhau.
+ H 78xx l h cho n nh in p u ra l dng. Cn xx l gi tr in p u ra nh 5V, 6V...
+ H 79xx l h n n in p u ra l m. Cn xx l gi tr in p u ra nh : -5V,-6V
S kt hp ca hai con ny s to ra c b ngun i xng.
V mt nguyn l n hot ng tng i ging nhau. By gi ta xt tng IC 78, 79!
78xx
78xx l loi dng IC dng n nh in p dng u ra vi iu kin u vo lun lun ln hn
u ra 3V
Ty loi IC 78 m n n p u ra l bao nhiu.
v d : 7806 - 7809...
+ 78xx gm c 3 chn :
1 : Vin - Chn ngun u vo
2 : GND - Chn ni t
3 : Vo - chn ngun u ra.

Nh chng ta bit :Mch n p dng Diode Zener nh trn c u im l n gin nhng nhc
im l cho dng in nh ( 20mA ) . c th to ra mt in p c nh nhng cho dng in
mnh hn nhiu ln ngi ta mc thm Transistor khuych i v dng nh s di y

 mch trn in p ti im 3 c th thay i v cn gn xoay chiu nhng in p ti im Rt khng

thay i v tng i phng.
Nguyn l n p : Thng qua in tr R2 v D1 gim c nh in p chn Rt ca Transistor Q1, gi s
khi in p chn E n Q1 gim => khi in p UBE tng => dng qua n Q1 tng => lm in p
chn E ca n tng , v ngc li ...
Mch n p trn n gin v hiu qu nn c s dng rt rng di v ngi ta sn xut cc loi
IC h LA78.. thay th cho mch n p trn, IC LA78.. c s mch nh phn mch c mu xanh
ca s trn

Ch : in p t trc IC78xx phi ln hn in p cn n p t 2V n 3V

* Nhng dng seri ca 78XX
LA7805 IC n p 5V
LA7806 IC n p 6V
LA7808 IC n p 8V
LA7809 IC n p 9V
LA7812 IC n p 12V
LA7815 IC n p 15V

LA7818 IC n p 18V
LA7824 IC n p 24V
y l dng cho in p ra tng ng vi dng l 1A. Ngoi ra cn cc seri khc chu c dng
78xx +5V --> +24V. Dng 1A
78Lxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.1A
78Mxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.5A
78Sxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.2A
* Cch xc nh chn:
78xx l ic c 3 chn v cc seri khc nhau th n chung th t chn. Cc bn xem di y!

79xx
Cng nh h 78 th h 79 c hot ng tng t nhng in p u ra l m (-) tri ngc vi h 78.
cng c nhiu loi mc n p u ra nh dng 78 : 7905, 7906... vi dng chi l 1A v 0.1A

Xc nh chn th n khng ging vi 78 n c theo th t nh hnh sau y!

ng dng ca 78 v 79 vo b ngun
Trong cc b ngun th 78 v 79 c s dng rt nhiu trong cc mch ngun to in p u ra
mong mun c bit nhng thit b ny cn in p u vo c nh ko thay i ln xung! y l
mch nguyn l ca 78 v 79

4. Ngun cung cp in p +- 5V bng +-12VDC dng Lm317 v Lm337

Mch ny c ng dng rt nhiu trong cc b ngun cung cp

5. Ngun cung cp 20V/15A v 12V/3A

Ngun c hai mc u ra l t 4.5V n 25V vi dng 15A v 1.25V n 25V vi dng 3A

Linh kin:
R1-2-3=0.1R 5W C3-5-8-10=100nF 100V MKT IC1-2-3=LM338 [TO-3 case] on Heatsink
R4=100R 0.5W C4=220pF 100V ceramic IC4=LM308
R5=150R 0.5W C6-11=47uF 63V IC5=LM350 [TO-220 or TO-3 case] on Heatsink
R6-8=330R 0.5W C7=4700uF 63V J1=3 terminal block computer type
R7-9=4K7 0.5W C9=10uF 40V J2-3-4-5=2pin Connector 3.96mm step pin
R10-13=1K5 0.5W D1-2=Led Red 5mm F1=Fuse 5A slow block
R11-12=220R 0.5W D3=1N4007 T1=230Vac/22Vac 600VA transformer
TR1=1K5 trimmer BR1=Bridge Rectifier >250V 35A on Heatsink
TR2=4K7 trimmer BR2=Bridge Rectifier >250V 3A
C-2=10000uF 63V Q1=2N2905

6. Ngun cung cp 13.8V 5A dng LM338

Linh kin :
R1=270R 1/4W 2% C4-5=10uF 25V T1=220Vac/15VAC - 8A Mains Transformer
TR1=4k7 (Multiturn) D1-2=1N4002 (1A/100V) S1=2 Pole Single Throw Mains Switch
C1=10000uF 40V B1=25A Bridge Rectifier F1=250mA Fuse
C2-3=100 nF 100V Polyester IC1=LM338

7. Ngun in cung cp i xng

Mch ny to ngun i xng!

Linh kin:
R1-2-4=22Kohm C1=100uF 63V C5=220nF 100V MKT
R3=1Kohm C2=100nF 100V MKT IC1=L165
R5=1ohm 1W C3-4=10uF 40V

8. Nhng in p ra khc nhau t 12V

Linh kin :
R1=6.8Kohms C19-20-21-22-23=220uF 25V IC2=7912
C1-4-8-12-18=100nF 100V C13-24-25-29=100nF 100V IC3=7805
C2=220uF 25V C28=3.3nF 63V D1....9=1N4001
C3-9-=680nF 63V Q1-3=TIP31 BATT=BATTERY 12V >3Ah
C5-11-26=4.7uF 16V Q2-4=TIP32 L1-2=VK200
C6-7-10-27=47uF 25V IC1=74HC14 L3-4=560H
C14-15-16-17=220uF 25V IC2=7824

9.

Ngun cung cp in p ra 50V 3A n nh v iu chnh.

Mch ny c th cho in p ra t 40 n 60 V. nhng c th ln ti 70V.

Linh kin:
R1=10Kohm R8=1.8Kohm 0.5W Q3=BC303 or BC461
R2=1 ohm 5W R9=3.3Kohm 0.5W D1....4=Bridge 15A
R3=3.9 ohms 1W RV1=470 ohms pot. D5=LED RED 5mm
R4=6.8Kohm 1W C1-2-4=4700uF 100V D6-7=10V 1W Zener
R5=390 ohms 1W C3-5=100nF 250V MKT D8-9-10=1N4007
R6=100Kohm 0.5W Q1=2N3055 on heatsink T1=230Vac / 55V 3A
R7=1.2Kohm 1W Q2=BD162 or BD243 or BD543

10. Ngun

cung cp iu chnh c t 0 - 30VDC ,2A

Ngun ny c ng dng rt nhiu trong thc t. V n iu chnh c gii in p u ra.

Linh kin:
R1=1.2Kohm C1=4700uF/63V IC1=LM723 V1=0-30V DC
R2=680ohm C2=100nF63V MKT Q1=2N3055 TR1=220VAC/ 27V 4A
R3=0.33ohm/5W C3=4.7nF63V MKT B1=Brindge 100V 5A S1=2x10A SW
R4=15Kohm C4=220uF/63V F1=0.5A Fast Fuse
R5=3.9Kohm P1=4K7 LOG. POT. F2=2A Slow Fuse

11. Ngun

iu chnh c in p u ra i xng t 1.25 - 30VDC ,1A

Mch ny tao ra gii in p i xng rng!

Linh kin :
R1-2=270ohms C6-10=100uF/63V D1-2=1N4001
R3-4=2.2Kohms C7-9=100nF/100V D3-4=1N4001
R5-6=10Kohms RV1-2=10Kohms Lin. L1-2=LED 3mm
C1-5=100uF/63V RV3=2X10Kohms Lin. F1-2=1A slow Blow Fuse
C2-4=100nF/100V IC 1=LM 317T S1-2=2X ON-ON SW
C3-8=10uF/25V IC 2=LM 337T V1=0-30V DC Voltmeter

12.

Ngun cung cp di in t 0 -15V , 1A

Tng t nh mch trn nhng gii in p l 0 n 15V, 1A

Linh kin :
R1= 56ohm 2W Q1= 2N3055
R2= 330ohm Lin. pot. T1=220V@18V 1.5A
C1= 2200uF 35V
C2= 100uF 35V D1= 18V 1.5W zener
C3= 10uF 25V
C4= 220uF 25V
C5= 100nF 100V
GR1= 4 X 1N4007

13. Ngun cung cp di in p t 0 n 30V v dng u ra 0 n 2A

Linh kin :
R1= 1.2Kohm 1W R20= 3.9Kohm D6= LED 5mm RED
R2-12= 100ohm R22= 56Kohm D7= 1N5252B
R3= 47Kohm Lin. C1-3= 330nF 250V D8= IN5236B
R4-7-21= 10Kohm trimmer C2= 4700uF 63V D9....14= 1N4002
R5= 8.2Kohm C4= 68uF 63V D15= MR501
R6-10= 12Kohm C5= 47uF 40V Q1= MPSL01
R8= 470ohm Lin. C6-15= 10nF 100V polyester Q2= 2N4923
R9= 1.2Kohm C7-12= 100nF 100V polyester Q3-4= 2N3055
R11= 820ohm C8= 680nF 100V polyester IC1= MC1466L Motorola
R13= 560ohm C9-14= 1uF 40V T1=220VAC/ A:34V/4A B:36V/50mA
R14-15= 0.68ohm 2W C10= 220pF ceramic F1= 1A/250V slow Fuse
R16= 330ohm C11= 10pF ceramic F2= 2A slow Fuse
R17= 470ohm C13= 220uF 40V S1= 2XON/OFF 10A/250V switch

R18= 470ohm trimmer D1-4= 15A Bridge S2= 2X2 ON 1A switch

R19= 0.22ohm 2W D5= 1N4002

14. Ngun cung cp cho mch khuych i ch B

Cc in p u ra :
+V1=+60V -V1=-60V
+V2=+12V -V2=-12V
+V3=+65V -V3=-65V
Linh kin :
C1....4=15000uF 100V C15=33nF 630V S1= 2X2 switch 250V/10A
C5-8=2200uF 25V BR1=Bridge 250V 25A IC1=7812 IC2=7912
C6-9=100nF 100V BR2=Bridge 250V 3A T1=220V / 2X43V AC - 250VA
/2X15V AC - 20VA/2X46V AC - 40VA
C7-10=47uF 25V BR3=Bridge 250V 3A
C11....14=2200uF 100V F1=Fuse 2A slow

15. Cung cp ngun chun in p t 0.8 n 5VDC dng LM334

c in p u ra nm trong gii cho php ta ch cn iu chnh bin tr.

16. B

ngun tng in p 5V - 12V dng Lm2577

Ta ch cn thay th con Lm2577-xx th c th cho in p ra l gn bng 40V

LM2577-12 (12Vdc output)
- LM2577-15 (15Vdc output)
- LM2577-ADJ (1.23Vdc to 37Vdc output)

17.

B iu chnh chuyn i ngun cung cp (3A)

Switching Power Supply Regulator with LM2596 (3A

Linh kin LM2596 c th thay th c bng LM2576. in p u ra n nh 5V - 3A. ng dng

c lm trong cc mch ngun cng sut ln.

18.

B chuyn i in p 2.5-3.5V ln 5V dng Max 756

Nguyn l hot ng theo ngun boot

19.

Ngun cung cp iu chnh c t 0-300V DC

Mch to in p 1 chiu t 0 - 300VDC t in p u vo 300VDC. in p u ra c iu chnh

bi bin tr R3.

20.

Cung cp ngun 9V khng dng bin p

Mch dng bin i trc tip t in 220VAC khng qua bin p. in p xoay chiu trc khi vo
cu chnh lu th c h p thng qua in tr 100K v t in 33uF. in p u ra c bo v
bng zener trnh cho in p vt qu 9V.

21.

iu chnh in p ra t 0 - 30V 1A dng LM317T

Mch s dng IC bin i in p LM317 cho in p u ra t 1.25V n 30VDC vi u vo l

24VDC. in p u ra c iu chnh bi bin tr VR1. Mch ny c th dng trong mch ngun c
iu chnh gii rng tc l cn nhiu in p u ra khc nhau. Mch c dng u ra kh nh ln nht
l 1.5A

22.

Mch ngun 12VDC n gin

Mch kh n gin ch dng 1 transiotor A1061 bin i t 12VAC sang 12VDC. Nguyn tc da
vo mch dao ng RC gia R1 v C2. cho in p u ra l 12VDC. Cng sut ca mch ph
thuc vo cng sut ca transitor A1061.

23.

Mch chuyn i t 1.5 ln 5V

Mch dng chuyn i t 1.5V ln 5V cng sut thp dng MAX1674 chuyn i. Vi in p
chuyn i u vo 1.5V qua MAX1684 nng p ln 5V. y cng l nguyn l ca ngun Boot
trong mch convert DC-DC

24.

Mch cung cp 1.2 - 12V 1A c ch bo mc thp

Mch ngun n gin dng LM317 iu chnh bin i in p t 1.2V n 12V u ra. Dng ln nht
1.5A