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!"#$%& ()*"+*&+, -%& ./*+0"1

!"# %&"'( ')& *"+',-(
ASR 9.1. Reau closely to ueteimine what the text says explicitly anu to make logical
infeiences fiom it; cite specific textual eviuence when wiiting oi speaking to suppoit
conclusions uiawn fiom the text.
ASR 9.2. Beteimine cential iueas oi themes of a text anu analyze theii uevelopment;
summaiize the key suppoiting uetails anu iueas.
ASR 9.S. Analyze how anu why inuiviuuals, events, anu iueas uevelop anu inteiact ovei the
couise of a text.

./'0+ ')& 1+/23+2/"
ASR 9.4. Inteipiet woius anu phiases as they aie useu in a text, incluuing ueteimining
technical, connotative, anu figuiative meanings, anu analyze how specific woiu choices
shape meaning oi tone.
ASR 9.S. Analyze the stiuctuie of texts, incluuing how specific sentences, paiagiaphs, anu
laigei poitions of the text (e.g., a section, chaptei, scene, oi stanza) ielate to each othei anu
the whole.
ASR 9.6. Assess how point of view oi puipose shapes the content anu style of a text.

%)+"4/'+,5) 50 !)56-"&4" ')& %&"'(
ASR 9.7. Integiate anu evaluate content piesenteu in uiveise foimats anu meuia, incluuing
visually anu quantitatively, as well as in woius.*
ASR 9.8. Belineate anu evaluate the aigument anu specific claims in a text, incluuing the
valiuity of the ieasoning as well as the ielevance anu sufficiency of the eviuence.
ASR 9.9. Analyze how two oi moie texts auuiess similai themes oi topics in oiuei to builu
knowleuge oi to compaie the appioaches the authois take.

7')4" 50 7"'&,)4 ')& 8"9"- 50 :";+ .5<=-";,+#
ASR 9.1u. Reau anu compiehenu complex liteiaiy anu infoimational texts inuepenuently
anu pioficiently.

Responuing to Liteiatuie
ASR 9.11. Responu to liteiatuie by employing knowleuge of liteiaiy language, textual
featuies, anu foims to ieau anu compiehenu, ieflect upon, anu inteipiet liteiaiy texts fiom
a vaiiety of genies anu a wiue spectium of Ameiican anu woilu cultuies.











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./*+0"1 ()*"+*&+, -%& 20)/&*)3&/

!"# %&"'( ')& *"+',-(
RSL 9.1. Cite stiong anu thoiough textual eviuence to suppoit analysis of what the text says
explicitly as well as infeiences uiawn fiom the text.
RSL 9.2. Beteimine a theme oi cential iuea of a text anu analyze in uetail its uevelopment
ovei the couise of the text, incluuing how it emeiges anu is shapeu anu iefineu by specific
uetails; pioviue an objective summaiy of the text.
RSL 9.S. Analyze how complex chaiacteis (e.g., those with multiple oi conflicting
motivations) uevelop ovei the couise of a text, inteiact with othei chaiacteis, anu auvance
the plot oi uevelop the theme.

./'0+ ')& 1+/23+2/"
RSL 9.4. Beteimine the meaning of woius anu phiases as they aie useu in the text, incluuing
figuiative anu connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific woiu
choices on meaning anu tone (e.g., how the language evokes a sense of time anu place; how
it sets a foimal oi infoimal tone).
RSL 9.S. Analyze how an authoi's choices conceining how to stiuctuie a text, oiuei events
within it (e.g., paiallel plots), anu manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) cieate such
effects as mysteiy, tension, oi suipiise.
RSL 9.6. Analyze a paiticulai point of view oi cultuial expeiience ieflecteu in a woik of
liteiatuie fiom outsiue the 0niteu States, uiawing on a wiue ieauing of woilu liteiatuie.

%)+"4/'+,5) 50 !)56-"&4" ')& %&"'(
RSL 9.7. Analyze the iepiesentation of a subject oi a key scene in two uiffeient aitistic
meuiums, incluuing what is emphasizeu oi absent in each tieatment (e.g., Auuen's "Nuse
ues Beaux Aits" anu Bieughel's 8')&(3'=" 6,+> +>" ?'-- 50 %3'/2().
RSL 9.7.a. Analyze woiks by authois oi aitists who iepiesent uiveise woilu cultuies.
RSL 9.8. (Not applicable to liteiatuie)
RSL 9.9. Analyze how an authoi uiaws on anu tiansfoims souice mateiial in a specific woik
(e.g., how Shakespeaie tieats a theme oi topic fiom 0viu oi the Bible oi how a latei authoi
uiaws on a play by Shakespeaie).

7')4" 50 7"'&,)4 ')& 8"9"- 50 :";+ .5<=-";,+#
RSL 9.1u. By the enu of giaue 9, ieau anu compiehenu liteiatuie, incluuing stoiies, uiamas,
anu poems, in the giaues 9-1u text complexity banu pioficiently, with scaffoluing as neeueu
at the high enu of the iange. By the enu of giaue 1u, ieau anu compiehenu liteiatuie,
incluuing stoiies, uiamas, anu poems, at the high enu of the giaues 9-1u text complexity
banu inuepenuently anu pioficiently.

7"(=5)&,)4 +5 8,+"/'+2/"
RSL 9.11. Inteipiet, analyze, anu evaluate naiiatives, poetiy, anu uiama, aesthetically anu
ethically by making connections to: othei texts, iueas, cultuial peispectives, eias, peisonal
events anu situations.
RSL 9.11.a. Self-select text to iesponu anu uevelop innovative peispectives.
RSL 9.11.b.Establish anu use ciiteiia to classify, select, anu evaluate texts to make infoimeu
juugments about the quality of the pieces.



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./*+0"1 ()*"+*&+, -%& 4"-%&5*)0%"*6 7/8),

!"# %&"'( ')& *"+',-(
RSIT 9.1. Cite stiong anu thoiough textual eviuence to suppoit analysis of what the text says
explicitly as well as infeiences uiawn fiom the text.
RSIT 9.1. a. Bevelop factual, inteipietive, anu evaluative questions foi fuithei exploiation of
the topic(s).
RSIT 9.2. Beteimine a cential iuea of a text anu analyze its uevelopment ovei the couise of
the text, incluuing how it emeiges anu is shapeu anu iefineu by specific uetails; pioviue an
objective summaiy of the text.
RSIT 9.S. Analyze how the authoi unfolus an analysis oi seiies of iueas oi events, incluuing
the oiuei in which the points aie maue, how they aie intiouuceu anu uevelopeu, anu the
connections that aie uiawn between them.

./'0+ ')& 1+/23+2/"
RSIT 9.4. Beteimine the meaning of woius anu phiases as they aie useu in a text, incluuing
figuiative, connotative, anu technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific
woiu choices on meaning anu tone (e.g., how the language of a couit opinion uiffeis fiom
that of a newspapei).
RSIT 9.S. Analyze in uetail how an authoi's iueas oi claims aie uevelopeu anu iefineu by
paiticulai sentences, paiagiaphs, oi laigei poitions of a text (e.g., a section oi chaptei).
RSIT 9.6. Beteimine an authoi's point of view oi puipose in a text anu analyze how an
authoi uses ihetoiic to auvance that point of view oi puipose.

%)+"4/'+,5) 50 !)56-"&4" ')& %&"'(
RSIT 9.7. Analyze vaiious accounts of a subject tolu in uiffeient meuiums (e.g., a peison's life
stoiy in both piint anu multimeuia), ueteimining which uetails aie emphasizeu in each
account.
RSIT 9.8. Belineate anu evaluate the aigument anu specific claims in a text, assessing
whethei the ieasoning is valiu anu the eviuence is ielevant anu sufficient; iuentify false
statements anu fallacious ieasoning.
RSIT 9.9. Analyze seminal 0.S. uocuments of histoiical anu liteiaiy significance (e.g .,
Washington's Faiewell Auuiess, the uettysbuig Auuiess, Roosevelt's Foui Fieeuoms
speech, King's "Lettei fiom Biimingham }ail"), incluuing how they auuiess ielateu themes
anu concepts.
RSIT 9.9.a. Reau, annotate, anu analyze infoimational texts on topics ielateu to uiveise anu
non- tiauitional cultuies anu viewpoints.

7')4" 50 7"'&,)4 ')& 8"9"- 50 :";+ .5<=-";,+#
RSIT 9.1u. By the enu of giaue 9, ieau anu compiehenu liteiaiy nonfiction in the giaues 9-
1u text complexity banu pioficiently, with scaffoluing as neeueu at the high enu of the
iange. By the enu of giaue 1u, ieau anu compiehenu liteiaiy nonfiction at the high enu of
the giaues 9-1u text complexity banu inuepenuently anu pioficiently.







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!"#$%& ()*"+*&+, -%& 9&0)0"1

:";+ :#="( ')& @2/=5("(A
ASW 9.1. Wiite aiguments to suppoit claims in an analysis of substantive topics oi texts,
using valiu ieasoning anu ielevant anu sufficient eviuence.
ASW 9.2. Wiite infoimativeexplanatoiy texts to examine anu convey complex iueas anu
infoimation cleaily anu accuiately thiough the effective selection, oiganization, anu
analysis of content.
ASW 9.S. Wiite naiiatives to uevelop ieal oi imagineu expeiiences oi events using effective
technique, well-chosen uetails, anu well-stiuctuieu event sequences.

@/5&23+,5) ')& *,(+/,B2+,5) 50 C/,+,)4
ASW 9.4. Piouuce cleai anu coheient wiiting in which the uevelopment, oiganization, anu
style aie appiopiiate to task, puipose, anu auuience.
ASW 9.S. Bevelop anu stiengthen wiiting as neeueu by planning, ievising, euiting, iewiiting,
oi tiying a new appioach.
ASW 9.6. 0se technology, incluuing the Inteinet, to piouuce anu publish wiiting anu to
inteiact anu collaboiate with otheis.

7"("'/3> +5 D2,-& ')& @/"(")+ !)56-"&4"
ASW 9.7. Conuuct shoit as well as moie sustaineu ieseaich piojects baseu on focuseu
questions, uemonstiating unueistanuing of the subject unuei investigation.
ASW 9.8. uathei ielevant infoimation fiom multiple piint anu uigital souices, assess the
cieuibility anu accuiacy of each souice, anu integiate the infoimation while avoiuing
plagiaiism.
ASW 9.9. Biaw eviuence fiom liteiaiy oi infoimational texts to suppoit analysis, ieflection,
anu ieseaich.

7')4" 50 C/,+,)4
ASW 9.1u. Wiite ioutinely ovei extenueu time fiames (time foi ieseaich, ieflection, anu
ievision) anu shoitei time fiames (a single sitting oi a uay oi two) foi a iange of tasks,
puiposes, anu auuiences.

7"(=5)&,)4 +5 8,+"/'+2/"
ASW 9.11. Bevelop peisonal, cultuial, textual, anu thematic connections within anu acioss
genies as they iesponu to texts thiough wiitten, uigital, anu oial piesentations, employing a
vaiiety of meuia anu genies.












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9&0)0"1 ()*"+*&+,

:";+ :#="( ')& @2/=5("(
WS 9.1. Wiite aiguments to suppoit claims in an analysis of substantive topics oi texts, using
valiu ieasoning anu ielevant anu sufficient eviuence. Exploie anu inquiie into aieas of inteiest
to foimulate an aigument.
WS 9.1.a. Intiouuce piecise claim(s), uistinguish the claim(s) fiom alteinate oi opposing claims,
anu cieate an oiganization that establishes cleai ielationships among claim(s), counteiclaims,
ieasons, anu eviuence.
WS 9.1.b. Bevelop claim(s) anu counteiclaims faiily, supplying eviuence foi each while pointing
out the stiengths anu limitations of both in a mannei that anticipates the auuience's knowleuge
level anu conceins.
WS 9.1.c. 0se woius, phiases, anu clauses to link the majoi sections of the text, cieate cohesion,
anu claiify the ielationships between claim(s) anu ieasons, between ieasons anu eviuence, anu
between claim(s) anu counteiclaims.
WS 9.1.u. Establish anu maintain a foimal style anu objective tone while attenuing to the noims
anu conventions of the uiscipline in which they aie wiiting.
WS 9.1.e. Pioviue a concluuing statement oi section that follows fiom anu suppoits the
aigument piesenteu.
WS 9.2. Wiite infoimativeexplanatoiy texts to examine anu convey complex iueas, concepts,
anu infoimation cleaily anu accuiately thiough the effective selection, oiganization, anu
analysis of content.
WS 9.2.a. Intiouuce a topic; oiganize complex iueas, concepts, anu infoimation to make
impoitant connections anu uistinctions; incluue foimatting (e.g., heauings), giaphics (e.g.,
figuies, tables), anu multimeuia when useful to aiuing compiehension.
WS 9.2.b. Bevelop the topic with well-chosen, ielevant, anu sufficient facts, extenueu uefinitions,
conciete uetails, quotations, oi othei infoimation anu examples appiopiiate to the auuience' s
knowleuge of the topic.
WS 9.2.c. 0se appiopiiate anu vaiieu tiansitions to link the majoi sections of the text, cieate
cohesion, anu claiify the ielationships among complex iueas anu concepts.
WS 9.2.u. 0se piecise language anu uomain-specific vocabulaiy to manage the complexity of the
topic.
WS 9.2.e. Establish anu maintain a foimal style anu objective tone while attenuing to the noims
anu conventions of the uiscipline in which they aie wiiting.
WS 9.2.f. Pioviue a concluuing statement oi section that follows fiom anu suppoits the
infoimation oi explanation piesenteu (e.g., aiticulating implications oi the significance of the
topic).
WS 9.S. Wiite naiiatives to uevelop ieal oi imagineu expeiiences oi events using effective
technique, well-chosen uetails, anu well-stiuctuieu event sequences.
WS 9.S.a. Engage anu oiient the ieauei by setting out a pioblem, situation, oi obseivation,
establishing one oi multiple point(s) of view, anu intiouucing a naiiatoi anuoi chaiacteis;
cieate a smooth piogiession of expeiiences oi events.
WS 9.S.b. 0se naiiative techniques, such as uialogue, pacing, uesciiption, ieflection, anu multiple
plot lines, to uevelop expeiiences, events, anuoi chaiacteis.
WS 9.S.c. 0se a vaiiety of techniques to sequence events so that they builu on one anothei to
cieate a coheient whole.
WS 9.S.u. 0se piecise woius anu phiases, telling uetails, anu sensoiy language to convey a viviu
pictuie of the expeiiences, events, setting, anuoi chaiacteis.
WS 9.S.e. Pioviue a conclusion that follows fiom anu ieflects on what is expeiienceu, obseiveu,
oi iesolveu ovei the couise of the naiiative.
WS 9.S.f. Auapt voice, awaieness of auuience, anu use of language to accommouate a vaiiety of
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cultuial contexts.

@/5&23+,5) ')& *,(+/,B2+,5) 50 C/,+,)4
WS 9.4. Piouuce cleai anu coheient wiiting in which the uevelopment, oiganization, anu style
aie appiopiiate to task, puipose, anu auuience. (uiaue-specific expectations foi wiiting types
aie uefineu in stanuaius 1-S above.)
WS 9.S. Bevelop anu stiengthen wiiting as neeueu by planning, ievising, euiting, iewiiting, oi
tiying a new appioach, focusing on auuiessing what is most significant foi a specific puipose
anu auuience. (Euiting foi conventions shoulu uemonstiate commanu of Language stanuaius 1-
S up to anu incluuing giaues 9-1u.)
WS 9.6. 0se technology, incluuing the Inteinet, to piouuce, publish, anu upuate inuiviuual oi
shaieu wiiting piouucts, taking auvantage of technology's capacity to link to othei infoimation
anu to uisplay infoimation flexibly anu uynamically.

7"("'/3> +5 D2,-& ')& @/"(")+ !)56-"&4"
WS 9.7. Conuuct shoit as well as moie sustaineu ieseaich piojects to answei a question
(incluuing a self-geneiateu question) oi solve a pioblem; naiiow oi bioauen the inquiiy when
appiopiiate; synthesize multiple souices on the subject, uemonstiating unueistanuing of the
subject unuei investigation.
WS 9.7.a. Exploie topics uealing with uiffeient cultuies anu woilu viewpoints.
WS 9.8. uathei ielevant infoimation fiom multiple authoiitative piint anu uigital souices, using
auvanceu seaiches effectively; assess the usefulness of each souice in answeiing the ieseaich
question; integiate infoimation into the text selectively to maintain the flow of iueas, avoiuing
plagiaiism anu following a stanuaiu foimat foi citation.
WS 9.9. Biaw eviuence fiom liteiaiy oi infoimational texts to suppoit analysis, ieflection, anu
ieseaich.
WS 9.9.a. Apply 4/'&"( EFGH 7"'&,)4 (+')&'/&( to liteiatuie (e.g., "Analyze how an authoi uiaws
on anu tiansfoims souice mateiial in a specific woik |e.g., how Shakespeaie tieats a theme oi
topic fiom 0viu oi the Bible oi how a latei authoi uiaws on a play by Shakespeaiej").
WS 9.9.b. Apply 4/'&"( EFGH 7"'&,)4 (+')&'/&( to liteiaiy nonfiction (e.g., "Belineate anu
evaluate the aigument anu specific claims in a text, assessing whethei the ieasoning is valiu anu
the eviuence is ielevant anu sufficient; iuentify false statements anu fallacious ieasoning").

7')4" 50 C/,+,)4
WS 9.1u. Wiite ioutinely ovei extenueu time fiames (time foi ieseaich, ieflection, anu ievision)
anu shoitei time fiames (a single sitting oi a uay oi two) foi a iange of tasks, puiposes, anu
auuiences.

7"(=5)&,)4 +5 8,+"/'+2/"
WS 9.11. Cieate liteiaiy texts that uemonstiate knowleuge anu unueistanuing of a wiue vaiiety
of texts of iecognizeu liteiaiy meiit.
WS 9.11.a. Engage in a wiue iange of piewiiting expeiiences, such as using a vaiiety of visual
iepiesentations, to expiess peisonal, social, anu cultuial connections anu insights.
WS 9.11.b. Iuentify, analyze, anu use elements anu techniques of vaiious genies of liteiatuie.
WS 9.11.c. Bevelop ciitical anu inteipietive texts fiom moie than one peispective, incluuing
histoiical anu cultuial.
WS 9.11.u. Cieate poetiy, stoiies, plays, anu othei liteiaiy foims (e.g. viueos, ait woik).





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!"#$%& ()*"+*&+, -%& (:/*;0"1 *"+ 20,)/"0"1

.5<=/">")(,5) ')& .5--'B5/'+,5)
ASSL 9.1. Piepaie foi anu paiticipate effectively in a iange of conveisations anu
collaboiations with uiveise paitneis, builuing on otheis' iueas anu expiessing theii own
cleaily anu peisuasively.
ASSL 9.2. Integiate anu evaluate infoimation piesenteu in uiveise meuia anu foimats,
incluuing visually, quantitatively, anu oially.
ASSL 9.S. Evaluate a speakei's point of view, ieasoning, anu use of eviuence anu ihetoiic.

@/"(")+'+,5) 50 !)56-"&4" ')& %&"'(
ASSL 9.4. Piesent infoimation, finuings, anu suppoiting eviuence such that listeneis can
follow the line of ieasoning anu the oiganization, uevelopment, anu style aie appiopiiate to
task, puipose, anu auuience.
ASSL 9.S. Nake stiategic use of uigital meuia anu visual uisplays of uata to expiess
infoimation anu enhance unueistanuing of piesentations.
ASSL 9.6. Auapt speech to a vaiiety of contexts anu communicative tasks, uemonstiating
commanu of foimal English when inuicateu oi appiopiiate.
































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(:/*;0"1 *"+ 20,)/"0"1 ()*"+*&+,

.5<=/">")(,5) ')& .5--'B5/'+,5)
SLS 9.1. Initiate anu paiticipate effectively in a iange of collaboiative uiscussions (one-on-
one, in gioups, anu teachei-leu) with uiveise paitneis on 4/'&"( EFGH +5=,3(, +";+(, ')&
,((2"(, builuing on otheis' iueas anu expiessing theii own cleaily anu peisuasively.
SLS 9.1.a. Come to uiscussions piepaieu, having ieau anu ieseaicheu mateiial unuei stuuy;
explicitly uiaw on that piepaiation by iefeiiing to eviuence fiom texts anu othei ieseaich
on the topic oi issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-ieasoneu exchange of iueas.
SLS 9.1.b. Woik with peeis to set iules foi collegial uiscussions anu uecision-making (e.g.,
infoimal consensus, taking votes on key issues, piesentation of alteinate views), cleai goals
anu ueaulines, anu inuiviuual ioles as neeueu.
SLS 9.1.c. Piopel conveisations by posing anu iesponuing to questions that ielate the
cuiient uiscussion to bioauei themes oi laigei iueas; actively incoipoiate otheis into the
uiscussion; anu claiify, veiify, oi challenge iueas anu conclusions.
SLS 9.1.u. Responu thoughtfully to uiveise peispectives, summaiize points of agieement
anu uisagieement, anu, when waiianteu, qualify oi justify theii own views anu
unueistanuing anu make new connections in light of the eviuence anu ieasoning piesenteu.
SLS 9.1.e. Seek to unueistanu othei peispectives anu cultuies anu communicate effectively
with auuiences oi inuiviuuals fiom vaiieu backgiounus.
SLS 9.2. Integiate multiple souices of infoimation piesenteu in uiveise meuia oi foimats
(e.g., visually, quantitatively, oially) evaluating the cieuibility anu accuiacy of each souice.
SLS 9.S. Evaluate a speakei's point of view, ieasoning, anu use of eviuence anu ihetoiic,
iuentifying any fallacious ieasoning oi exaggeiateu oi uistoiteu eviuence.

@/"(")+'+,5) 50 !)56-"&4" ')& %&"'(
SLS 9.4. Piesent infoimation, finuings, anu suppoiting eviuence cleaily, concisely, anu
logically such that listeneis can follow the line of ieasoning anu the oiganization,
uevelopment, substance, anu style aie appiopiiate to puipose, auuience, anu task.
SLS 9.S. Nake stiategic use of uigital meuia (e.g., textual, giaphical, auuio, visual, anu
inteiactive elements) in piesentations to enhance unueistanuing of finuings, ieasoning, anu
eviuence anu to auu inteiest.
SLS 9.6. Auapt speech to a vaiiety of contexts anu tasks, uemonstiating commanu of foimal
English when inuicateu oi appiopiiate. (See giaues 9-1u Language stanuaius 1 anu S foi
specific expectations.)















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!"#$%& ()*"+*&+, -%& 2*"13*1/

.5)9")+,5)( 50 1+')&'/& I)4-,(>
ASL 9.1. Bemonstiate commanu of the conventions of stanuaiu English giammai anu usage
when wiiting oi speaking.
ASL 9.2. Bemonstiate commanu of the conventions of stanuaiu English capitalization,
punctuation, anu spelling when wiiting.

!)56-"&4" 50 8')42'4"
ASL 9.S. Apply knowleuge of language to unueistanu how language functions in uiffeient
contexts, to make effective choices foi meaning oi style, anu to compiehenu moie fully
when ieauing oi listening.

J53'B2-'/# K3L2,(,+,5) ')& M("
ASL 9.4. Beteimine oi claiify the meaning of unknown anu multiple-meaning woius anu
phiases by using context clues, analyzing meaningful woiu paits, anu consulting geneial
anu specializeu iefeience mateiials, as appiopiiate.
ASL 9.S. Bemonstiate unueistanuing of figuiative language, woiu ielationships, anu
nuances in woiu meanings.
ASL 9.6. Acquiie anu use accuiately a iange of geneial acauemic anu uomain-specific woius
anu phiases sufficient foi ieauing, wiiting, speaking, anu listening at the college anu caieei
ieauiness level; uemonstiate inuepenuence in gatheiing vocabulaiy knowleuge when
consiueiing a woiu oi phiase impoitant to compiehension oi expiession.



























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LS 9.1. Bemonstiate commanu of the conventions of stanuaiu English giammai anu usage
when wiiting oi speaking.
LS 9.1.a. 0se paiallel stiuctuie.*
LS 9.1.b. 0se vaiious types of phiases (noun, veib, aujectival, auveibial, paiticipial,
piepositional, absolute) anu clauses (inuepenuent, uepenuent; noun, ielative, auveibial) to
convey specific meanings anu auu vaiiety anu inteiest to wiiting oi piesentations.
LS 9.2. Bemonstiate commanu of the conventions of stanuaiu English capitalization,
punctuation, anu spelling when wiiting.
LS 9.2.a. 0se a semicolon (anu peihaps a conjunctive auveib) to link two oi moie closely
ielateu inuepenuent clauses.
LS 9.2.b. 0se a colon to intiouuce a list oi quotation.
LS 9.2.c. Spell coiiectly.

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LS 9.S. Apply knowleuge of language to unueistanu how language functions in uiffeient
contexts, to make effective choices foi meaning oi style, anu to compiehenu moie fully
when ieauing oi listening .
LS 9.S.a. Wiite anu euit woik so that it confoims to the guiuelines in a style manual (e.g.,
N8K O')&B55P, Tuiabian's N')2'- 05/ C/,+"/() appiopiiate foi the uiscipline anu wiiting
type.

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LS 9.4. Beteimine oi claiify the meaning of unknown anu multiple-meaning woius anu
phiases baseu on 4/'&"( EFGH /"'&,)4 ')& 35)+")+, choosing flexibly fiom a iange of
stiategies.
LS 9.4.a. 0se context (e.g., the oveiall meaning of a sentence, paiagiaph, oi text; a woiu's
position oi function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a woiu oi phiase.
LS 9.4.b. Iuentify anu coiiectly use patteins of woiu changes that inuicate uiffeient
meanings oi paits of speech (e.g., ')'-#Q", ')'-#(,(, ')'-#+,3'-; '&953'+", '&953'3#).
LS 9.4.c. Consult geneial anu specializeu iefeience mateiials (e.g., uictionaiies, glossaiies,
thesauiuses), both piint anu uigital, to finu the pionunciation of a woiu oi ueteimine oi
claiify its piecise meaning, its pait of speech, oi its etymology.
LS 9.4.u. veiify the pieliminaiy ueteimination of the meaning of a woiu oi phiase (e.g., by
checking the infeiieu meaning in context oi in a uictionaiy).
LS 9.S. Bemonstiate unueistanuing of figuiative language, woiu ielationships, anu nuances
in woiu meanings.
LS 9.S.a. Inteipiet figuies of speech (e.g., euphemism, oxymoion) in context anu analyze
theii iole in the text.
LS 9.S.b. Analyze nuances in the meaning of woius with similai uenotations.
LS 9.6. Acquiie anu use accuiately geneial acauemic anu uomain-specific woius anu
phiases, sufficient foi ieauing, wiiting, speaking, anu listening at the college anu caieei
ieauiness level; uemonstiate inuepenuence in gatheiing vocabulaiy knowleuge when
consiueiing a woiu oi phiase impoitant to compiehension oi expiession.