Bi ton xc nh cc ch s ca cht bo : ch s axit, ch s x
phng ho lm cc bi tp dng ny, cn nm vng cckhi nim sau: Ch s axit : l s mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong gam ch!t bo Ch s x "h#ng ho$ : l s mg KOH cn x "h#ng ho$ glix%rit & trung ho axit bo t do c trong gam ch!t bo Mt s bi tp vn dng !"# $: ' x "h#ng ho$ () *g triol%in cn +,-(- *g .aOH thu /c (0,123 *g x "h#ng4 Ch s axit c5a m6u ch!t bo tr7n l %& 3 B& 8 !& - '& 2 !"# (: 9:t lo;i ch!t bo c ch s x "h#ng ho$ l 88,31 ch<a axit st%aric & trist%arin4 ' trung ho axit t do c trong --,8) g m6u ch!t bo tr7n th= cn bao nhi7u ml dung d>ch .aOH 2,2)9 %& 22 ml B& 03) ml !& 122 ml '& 1) ml !"# ): Trong cht bo lun c mt lng nh axt t do. S mlgam !"# d$ng %& trung ho' lung axt t do trong 1 gam cht b(o g l' ch) * axt c+a cht b(o. ,& trung ho' -./ gam cht b(o c0n 1.2 ml dung d3ch !"# 2.1 4. 5h) * axt c+a m6u cht b(o tr7n l'8 9.: ;.< 5.1- =.-: !"# *: ,& trung h>a 1: gam 1 cht b(o c0n 1?ml dung d3ch !"# 14. 5h) * axt c+a cht b(o % b@ng A. ? B. < C. A D. / !"# +: ,& x' Bh>ng ha ho'n 1.?1 gam mt cht b(o c0n d$ng :?ml dung d3ch !"# 2.1 4. 5h) * x' Bh>ng ha cht b(o l' 9. 1?1 ;. 1<A 5. 1-< =. -?- !"# ,: ,& x' Bh>ng ha <1mg cht b(o cht b(o Ctrung tnhD c0n 12.2/mg Ea"# .TFm ch) * x' Bh>ng ha A. -22mg. B. --:mg C. --2mg. D. 1?2mg !"# -: 5h) * x' Bh>ng ha l'8 9. ch) * axt c+a cht b(o. ;. * mol Ea"# c0n d$ng %& x' Bh>ng ha ho'n to'n 1 gam cht b(o. 5. * mol !"# c0n d$ng %& x' Bh>ng ha ho'n to'n 1 gam cht b(o. =. TGng * mg !"# c0n %& trung h>a hHt lng axt b(o t do I' x' Bh>ng ha hHt lng J*tJ trong 1 gam cht b(o. Cu 8:9:t ch!t bo ? c ch s axit l ),04 Khi l/ng .aOH cn thi@t trung ho 2g ch!t bo ? l A& 2,2+ gam B4 2+ gam C4 + gam C4 2,2)0 gam Cu 9: Khi x "h#ng ho$ ,) gam ch!t bo cn 22 ml dung d>ch KOH 2,9
4 Ch s x phng ho c5a ch!t bo bDng A& (3(,( B4 ((3,( C4 (((,3 C4 (33,( Cu 10: ' "hEn <ng &Fi 22g li"it c ch s axit bDng 3 "hEi dGng 3,-1g KOH4 HInh *hi l/ng mui thu /c4 A& 28,10) B4 )2,1)0 C4 12,10) C4 2(,1)0 Cu 11: !h trung ho' -./g cht b(o c0n 1ml dung d3ch !"# 2.14 . 5h) * axt c+a cht b(o % l' 9. < ;. ? 5. ?.? =. <.? Cu 12: ,& trung ho' axt d c trong ?.<g lBt c0n < ml dung d3ch Ea"# 2.14. 5h) * axt c+a cht b(o % l' - - - 9. < ;. -.: 5. :.-/ =. :./ Cu 13: ,& x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n -.?-g mt lBt c0n d$ng K2ml dung d3ch Ea"# 2.14. Tnh ch) * x' Bh>ng ho c+a lBt 9. -22 ;. 122 5. 1:-./ =. :22 Cu 14: 9:t ch!t bo J c ch s axit l 34 Khi l/ng KOH cn thi@t trung ho +g ch!t bo J l A& 2,218 gam B4 2,18 gam C4 1,8 gam C4 18 gam Cu 15: L' Bh>ng ha 1 Mg cht b(o c ch) * axt b@ng A. ch) * x' Bh>ng ha -22. !h lng glxJrol thu %c l'8 9.1?-.:1g ;. 12?.?Kg 5. 1-2.?-g =. 1K1 g Cu 16: ,& x' Bh>ng ha 12 Mg cht b(o c ch) * axt b@ngA ng ta %un cht b(o IN dung d3ch chOa 1.:- Mg Ea"#. Sau BhPn Ong ho'n to'n mun trung h>a hQn hB c0n ?2ml dd #5l 14. Tnh Mh lng c+a glxJrol I' Mh lng x' Bh>ng nguR7n cht %S tTo ra 9. 12:/./g I' 121:<.Ag ;. 1-22g I' 11-12.1g 5. 11:?g I' 1:121.Ag =. 1:?-g I' 12?-?.-g Cu 17: L' Bh>ng ha -.?- g cht b(o c0n K2ml dd !"# 2.14.4U V t Mhc x' Bh>ng ha ho'n to'n ?.2:g cht b(o 9 thu %c 2.?1 g glxJrol. TFm ch) * x' Bh>ng ha I' ch) * axt c+a cht b(o 98 9. -22 I' / ;. 1K/ I' A 5. -11 I' < =. 1K< I' ? Cu 18: !h x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n -.?- gam cht b(o trung tnh c0n K2 ml dung d3ch !"# 2.14. Tnh ch) * x' Bh>ng c+a cht b(o tr7nW 9. -22 ;. 1K- 5. 1K2 =. 1K/ Cu 19: Mh x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n -.?- gam cht b(o trung tnh thu %c 2.-<?gam glxJrol. Tnh ch) * x' Bh>ng c+a cht b(oW 9. 1/ ;. /2 5. 1/2 =. / Cu 20: ,& x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n 122gam cht b(o c ch) * axt b@ng A ngX ta d$ng hHt 2.1- mol !"#. !h lng glxJrol thu %c l' bao nh7u gamW 9. K.: gam ;. K.1gam 5. /.:/A gam =. K.:1 gam Cu 21: Tnh Mh lng !"# c0n d$ng %& trung ho' : gam cht b(o c ch) * axt l' AW 9. -/mg ;. 1:mg 5. /-mg =. ,B n Mhc. Cu 22: Tnh Mh lng Ea"# c0n d$ng %& trung ho' axt t do c trong ? gam b(o IN ch) * axt b@ng AW 9. 2.2-?mg ;. 2.2-?g 5. 2.-?mg =. 2.-?g Cu 23: L' Bh>ng ho 1Mg lBt c ch) * axt l' -./ ngX ta c0n d$ng 1?2 ml !"# 14. !h lng glxJrol thu %c l' bao nh7uW 9. K.-gam ;. 1/.: gam 5. 1-.- gam =. 1<.1 gam Cu 24: 4t loT mY chOa :2Z trolJn. -2Z trBanmtn. :2Z tr*tJarn. L' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n m gam mY tr7n b@ng Ea"# thu %c 11/ gam glxJrol. [ tr3 c+a m l'W 9. 1-2K ;. 112:.-A 5. 11-< =. 111? Cu 25: 4t loT mY chOa A2Z trolJn I' 12Z tr*tJarn I\ Mh lng. Tnh Mh lng x' Bh>ng thu %c Mh x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n 122Mg cht mY % b@ng Ea"#W 9. K2./Mg ;. </Mg 5. 121.1<Mg =. 112.?Mg Cu 26: L' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n 2.1 mol cht h]u c^ L C chOa 5. #. "D c0n I_a %+ 122 ml dung d3ch Ea"# 14. 5 cTn dung d3ch *au Bh`n Ong thu %c -:.< gam mu Mhan. Lc %3nh 5TaT c+a LW 9. C#5""D 1 5 1 # ? ;. C5# 1 5""D 1 5 1 # ? 5. 5 1 # ? C5""5# 1 D 1 =. C5# 1 5""D - 5 - # : Cu 27: Tnh ch) * J*tJ c+a mt loT cht b(o chOa /KZ tr*tJarnW 9. 1</ ;. /: 5. ?< =. ,B n Mhc - 1 - Cu 28: ,un -2 gam lBt IN dung d3ch chOa 12 gam Ea"#. Sau Mh MHt thbc Bh`n Ong %& trung ho' 1c12 dung d3ch thu %c c0n d$ng K2 ml dung d3ch #5l 2.- 4. Tnh ch) * x' Bh>ng ho I' Bhdn te Mh trung bFnh c+a axt b(o trong lBtW 9. 1:2 I' -A1 ;. 1-2 I' -A1 5. 112 I' -A1 =. ,B n Mhc Cu 29: 5ho 2.-? mol Ea"# I'o -2 gam b(o trung tnh rf %un nng l7n. Mh Bh`n Ong xPR ra ho'n to'n ngX ta thu %c dung d3ch c tnh bag^. %& trung ho' dung d3ch n'R Bh` d$ng hHt 2.1/ mol #5l. Tnh Mh lng Ea"# c0n %& x' Bh>ng ho 1 tn cht b(o tr7nW 9. 2.1: tn ;. 1.:1 tn 5. 2.:1 tn =. ,B n Mhc Cu 30: Tnh Mh lng Ea"# c0n d$ng %& trung ho' cc axt b(o t do c trong -22 gam cht b(o. bHt cht b(o c ch) * axt b@ng AW 9. ?g ;. Kg 5. 1g =. 1?g Cu 31: 5ho 2.-? mol Ea"# I'o -2 gam b(o trung tnh rf %un nng l7n. Mh Bh`n Ong xPR ra ho'n to'n ngX ta thu %c dung d3ch c tnh bag^. %& trung ho' dung d3ch n'R Bh` d$ng hHt 2.1/ mol #5l. Tnh Mh lng Ea"# c0n %& x' Bh>ng ho 1 tn cht b(o tr7nW 9. 2.1: tn ;. 1.:1 tn 5. 2.:1 tn =. ,B n Mhc Cu 32: !h cho 1A/Mg cht b(o trung tnh Bh`n Ong I_a %+ IN 1-2Mg dung d3ch Ea"# -2Z. g` *e hhu *ut Bh`n Ong l' 122Z. Tnh Mh lng x' Bh>ng thu %cW 9. <1.- Mg ;. 1/1.< Mg 5. 1--.: Mg =. ,B n Mhc Cu 33: ,& x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n ?2 gam cht b(o c ch) * axt l' A c0n 2.1< mol Ea"#. Tnh Mh lng glxJrol thu %cW 9. K.:1gam ;. 1:.1:?gam 5. :.A1?gam =. 1<.A gam (RCOO) 3 C 3 H 5 (Cht bo) + 3KOH 3RCOOK + C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 (1) RCOOH (t doD + KOH RCOOK + H 2 O (2) Bo + KOH mui Cx' Bh>ngD + C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 + H 2 O (3) Cn nm r cc khi nim 1. 5h) * axt8 l' * mg KOH (2) c0n %& trung ho' hHt axt t do c trong 1 gam cht b(o -. 5h) * J*tJ8 l' * mg KOH (1) c0n %& thui Bhdn hHt J*tJ b(o c trong 1 gam cht b(o 1. 5h) * x' Bh>ng j ch) * axt k ch) * J*tJ :. !h lng x' Bh>ng thu %c Mh x' Bh>ng ha. p dng nh l!t b"o to#n kh$i l%&ng cho ph%'ng tr(nh )$ *+) m bo + m KOH m !" #$%&' + m &()* + m '+,!-.o+ m !" #$%&' m bo + m KOH / m &()* / m '+,!-.o+