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Bi ton xc nh cc ch s ca cht bo : ch s axit, ch s x


phng ho
lm cc bi tp dng ny, cn nm vng cckhi nim sau:
Ch s axit : l s mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong gam
ch!t bo
Ch s x "h#ng ho$ : l s mg KOH cn x "h#ng ho$ glix%rit & trung
ho axit bo t do c trong gam ch!t bo
Mt s bi tp vn dng
!"# $: ' x "h#ng ho$ () *g triol%in cn +,-(- *g .aOH thu /c (0,123 *g x
"h#ng4 Ch s axit c5a m6u ch!t bo tr7n l
%& 3 B& 8 !& -
'& 2
!"# (: 9:t lo;i ch!t bo c ch s x "h#ng ho$ l 88,31 ch<a axit st%aric &
trist%arin4 ' trung ho axit t do c trong --,8) g m6u ch!t bo tr7n th= cn
bao nhi7u ml dung d>ch .aOH 2,2)9
%& 22 ml B& 03) ml !& 122 ml
'& 1) ml
!"# ): Trong cht bo lun c mt lng nh axt t do. S mlgam !"# d$ng %& trung ho'
lung axt t do trong 1 gam cht b(o g l' ch) * axt c+a cht b(o. ,& trung ho' -./ gam cht b(o
c0n 1.2 ml dung d3ch !"# 2.1 4. 5h) * axt c+a m6u cht b(o tr7n l'8
9.: ;.< 5.1- =.-:
!"# *: ,& trung h>a 1: gam 1 cht b(o c0n 1?ml dung d3ch !"# 14. 5h) * axt c+a cht b(o %
b@ng
A. ? B. < C. A D. /
!"# +: ,& x' Bh>ng ha ho'n 1.?1 gam mt cht b(o c0n d$ng :?ml dung d3ch !"# 2.1 4. 5h)
* x' Bh>ng ha cht b(o l'
9. 1?1 ;. 1<A 5. 1-< =. -?-
!"# ,: ,& x' Bh>ng ha <1mg cht b(o cht b(o Ctrung tnhD c0n 12.2/mg Ea"# .TFm ch) * x'
Bh>ng ha
A. -22mg. B. --:mg C. --2mg. D. 1?2mg
!"# -: 5h) * x' Bh>ng ha l'8
9. ch) * axt c+a cht b(o.
;. * mol Ea"# c0n d$ng %& x' Bh>ng ha ho'n to'n 1 gam cht b(o.
5. * mol !"# c0n d$ng %& x' Bh>ng ha ho'n to'n 1 gam cht b(o.
=. TGng * mg !"# c0n %& trung h>a hHt lng axt b(o t do I' x' Bh>ng ha hHt lng J*tJ
trong 1 gam cht b(o.
Cu 8:9:t ch!t bo ? c ch s axit l ),04 Khi l/ng .aOH cn thi@t trung
ho 2g ch!t bo ? l
A& 2,2+ gam B4 2+ gam C4 + gam C4 2,2)0
gam
Cu 9: Khi x "h#ng ho$ ,) gam ch!t bo cn 22 ml dung d>ch KOH 2,9

4 Ch
s x phng ho c5a ch!t bo bDng
A& (3(,( B4 ((3,( C4 (((,3 C4
(33,(
Cu 10: ' "hEn <ng &Fi 22g li"it c ch s axit bDng 3 "hEi dGng 3,-1g KOH4
HInh *hi l/ng mui thu /c4
A& 28,10) B4 )2,1)0 C4 12,10) C4 2(,1)0
Cu 11: !h trung ho' -./g cht b(o c0n 1ml dung d3ch !"# 2.14 . 5h) * axt c+a cht b(o % l'
9. < ;. ? 5. ?.? =. <.?
Cu 12: ,& trung ho' axt d c trong ?.<g lBt c0n < ml dung d3ch Ea"# 2.14. 5h) * axt c+a cht
b(o % l'
- - -
9. < ;. -.: 5. :.-/ =. :./
Cu 13: ,& x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n -.?-g mt lBt c0n d$ng K2ml dung d3ch Ea"# 2.14. Tnh ch)
* x' Bh>ng ho c+a lBt
9. -22 ;. 122 5. 1:-./ =. :22
Cu 14: 9:t ch!t bo J c ch s axit l 34 Khi l/ng KOH cn thi@t trung ho
+g ch!t bo J l
A& 2,218 gam B4 2,18 gam C4 1,8 gam C4
18 gam
Cu 15: L' Bh>ng ha 1 Mg cht b(o c ch) * axt b@ng A. ch) * x' Bh>ng ha -22. !h lng
glxJrol thu %c l'8
9.1?-.:1g ;. 12?.?Kg 5. 1-2.?-g =. 1K1 g
Cu 16: ,& x' Bh>ng ha 12 Mg cht b(o c ch) * axt b@ngA ng ta %un cht b(o IN dung d3ch chOa
1.:- Mg Ea"#. Sau BhPn Ong ho'n to'n mun trung h>a hQn hB c0n ?2ml dd #5l 14. Tnh Mh
lng c+a glxJrol I' Mh lng x' Bh>ng nguR7n cht %S tTo ra
9. 12:/./g I' 121:<.Ag ;. 1-22g I' 11-12.1g
5. 11:?g I' 1:121.Ag =. 1:?-g I' 12?-?.-g
Cu 17: L' Bh>ng ha -.?- g cht b(o c0n K2ml dd !"# 2.14.4U V t Mhc x' Bh>ng ha ho'n to'n
?.2:g cht b(o 9 thu %c 2.?1 g glxJrol. TFm ch) * x' Bh>ng ha I' ch) * axt c+a cht b(o 98
9. -22 I' / ;. 1K/ I' A 5. -11 I' < =. 1K< I' ?
Cu 18: !h x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n -.?- gam cht b(o trung tnh c0n K2 ml dung d3ch !"# 2.14.
Tnh ch) * x' Bh>ng c+a cht b(o tr7nW
9. -22 ;. 1K- 5. 1K2 =. 1K/
Cu 19: Mh x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n -.?- gam cht b(o trung tnh thu %c 2.-<?gam glxJrol. Tnh
ch) * x' Bh>ng c+a cht b(oW
9. 1/ ;. /2 5. 1/2 =. /
Cu 20: ,& x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n 122gam cht b(o c ch) * axt b@ng A ngX ta d$ng hHt 2.1-
mol !"#. !h lng glxJrol thu %c l' bao nh7u gamW
9. K.: gam ;. K.1gam 5. /.:/A gam =. K.:1 gam
Cu 21: Tnh Mh lng !"# c0n d$ng %& trung ho' : gam cht b(o c ch) * axt l' AW
9. -/mg ;. 1:mg 5. /-mg =. ,B n Mhc.
Cu 22: Tnh Mh lng Ea"# c0n d$ng %& trung ho' axt t do c trong ? gam b(o IN ch) * axt
b@ng AW
9. 2.2-?mg ;. 2.2-?g 5. 2.-?mg =. 2.-?g
Cu 23: L' Bh>ng ho 1Mg lBt c ch) * axt l' -./ ngX ta c0n d$ng 1?2 ml !"# 14. !h lng
glxJrol thu %c l' bao nh7uW
9. K.-gam ;. 1/.: gam 5. 1-.- gam =. 1<.1 gam
Cu 24: 4t loT mY chOa :2Z trolJn. -2Z trBanmtn. :2Z tr*tJarn. L' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n m
gam mY tr7n b@ng Ea"# thu %c 11/ gam glxJrol. [ tr3 c+a m l'W
9. 1-2K ;. 112:.-A 5. 11-< =. 111?
Cu 25: 4t loT mY chOa A2Z trolJn I' 12Z tr*tJarn I\ Mh lng. Tnh Mh lng x' Bh>ng
thu %c Mh x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n 122Mg cht mY % b@ng Ea"#W
9. K2./Mg ;. </Mg 5. 121.1<Mg =. 112.?Mg
Cu 26: L' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n 2.1 mol cht h]u c^ L C chOa 5. #. "D c0n I_a %+ 122 ml dung d3ch
Ea"# 14. 5 cTn dung d3ch *au Bh`n Ong thu %c -:.< gam mu Mhan. Lc %3nh 5TaT c+a LW
9. C#5""D
1
5
1
#
?
;. C5#
1
5""D
1
5
1
#
?
5. 5
1
#
?
C5""5#
1
D
1
=. C5#
1
5""D
-
5
-
#
:
Cu 27: Tnh ch) * J*tJ c+a mt loT cht b(o chOa /KZ tr*tJarnW
9. 1</ ;. /: 5. ?< =. ,B n Mhc
- 1 -
Cu 28: ,un -2 gam lBt IN dung d3ch chOa 12 gam Ea"#. Sau Mh MHt thbc Bh`n Ong %& trung ho'
1c12 dung d3ch thu %c c0n d$ng K2 ml dung d3ch #5l 2.- 4. Tnh ch) * x' Bh>ng ho I' Bhdn te
Mh trung bFnh c+a axt b(o trong lBtW
9. 1:2 I' -A1 ;. 1-2 I' -A1 5. 112 I' -A1 =. ,B n Mhc
Cu 29: 5ho 2.-? mol Ea"# I'o -2 gam b(o trung tnh rf %un nng l7n. Mh Bh`n Ong xPR ra ho'n
to'n ngX ta thu %c dung d3ch c tnh bag^. %& trung ho' dung d3ch n'R Bh` d$ng hHt 2.1/ mol
#5l. Tnh Mh lng Ea"# c0n %& x' Bh>ng ho 1 tn cht b(o tr7nW
9. 2.1: tn ;. 1.:1 tn 5. 2.:1 tn =. ,B n Mhc
Cu 30: Tnh Mh lng Ea"# c0n d$ng %& trung ho' cc axt b(o t do c trong -22 gam cht b(o.
bHt cht b(o c ch) * axt b@ng AW
9. ?g ;. Kg 5. 1g =. 1?g
Cu 31: 5ho 2.-? mol Ea"# I'o -2 gam b(o trung tnh rf %un nng l7n. Mh Bh`n Ong xPR ra ho'n
to'n ngX ta thu %c dung d3ch c tnh bag^. %& trung ho' dung d3ch n'R Bh` d$ng hHt 2.1/ mol
#5l. Tnh Mh lng Ea"# c0n %& x' Bh>ng ho 1 tn cht b(o tr7nW
9. 2.1: tn ;. 1.:1 tn 5. 2.:1 tn =. ,B n Mhc
Cu 32: !h cho 1A/Mg cht b(o trung tnh Bh`n Ong I_a %+ IN 1-2Mg dung d3ch Ea"# -2Z. g` *e
hhu *ut Bh`n Ong l' 122Z. Tnh Mh lng x' Bh>ng thu %cW
9. <1.- Mg ;. 1/1.< Mg 5. 1--.: Mg =. ,B n Mhc
Cu 33: ,& x' Bh>ng ho ho'n to'n ?2 gam cht b(o c ch) * axt l' A c0n 2.1< mol Ea"#. Tnh
Mh lng glxJrol thu %cW
9. K.:1gam ;. 1:.1:?gam 5. :.A1?gam =. 1<.A gam
(RCOO)
3
C
3
H
5 (Cht bo)
+ 3KOH 3RCOOK + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
(1)
RCOOH
(t doD
+ KOH RCOOK + H
2
O (2)
Bo + KOH mui
Cx' Bh>ngD
+ C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
+ H
2
O (3)
Cn nm r cc khi nim
1. 5h) * axt8 l' * mg KOH (2) c0n %& trung ho' hHt axt t do c trong 1 gam cht b(o
-. 5h) * J*tJ8 l' * mg KOH (1) c0n %& thui Bhdn hHt J*tJ b(o c trong 1 gam cht b(o
1. 5h) * x' Bh>ng j ch) * axt k ch) * J*tJ
:. !h lng x' Bh>ng thu %c Mh x' Bh>ng ha.
p dng nh l!t b"o to#n kh$i l%&ng cho ph%'ng tr(nh )$ *+)
m
bo
+ m
KOH
m
!" #$%&'
+ m
&()*
+ m
'+,!-.o+
m
!" #$%&'
m
bo
+ m
KOH
/ m
&()*
/ m
'+,!-.o+

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