Kha hc LTH mn Vt L - Thy ng Vit Hng

Mt s bi ton hay v kh VLHN

Bi ging s 07:

MT S BI TON HAY V KH VLHN

y thi i km vi Bi ging mt s bi ton hay v kh vt l ht nhn thuc kha hc luyn thi H C mn Vt l

ti website Hocmai.vn. c th nm vng ni dung kin thc Bi ging mt s bi ton hay v kh vt l ht nhn , Bn
cn kt hp xem ti liu bi ging cng vi bi ging ny.

Cu 1: Mt bnh nhn iu tr bng ng v phng x, dng tia dit t bo bnh. Thi gian chiu x ln u l t = 22
pht, c sau 20 ngy th bnh nhn phi ti bnh vin khm bnh v tip tc chiu x. Bit ng v phng x c chu k
bn r T = 3 thng (coi t
T v mt thng gm 30 ngy) v vn dng ngun phng x trong ln u. Hi ln chiu x
th ba phi tin hnh trong bao lu bnh nhn c chiu x vi cng mt lng tia nh ln u?
A. 28 pht.
B. 24 pht.
C. 36 pht.
D. 30 pht.
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Cu 2: Mt bnh nhn iu tr bng ng v phng x, dng tia dit t bo bnh. Thi gian chiu x ln u l t = 23
pht, c sau 25 ngy th bnh nhn phi ti bnh vin khm bnh v tip tc chiu x. Bit ng v phng x c chu k
bn r T = 3 thng (coi t
T v mt thng gm 30 ngy) v vn dng ngun phng x trong ln u. Hi ln chiu x
th ba phi tin hnh trong bao lu bnh nhn c chiu x vi cng mt lng tia nh ln u?
A. 33,8 pht.
B. 24 pht.
C. 32 pht.
D. 30 pht.
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............................................................................................................................................................................... .........
Cu 3. Mt cht phng x , ban u trong thi gian 4 pht c 350 nguyn t b phn r nhng sau 3 gi trong thi
gian 2 pht c 32 nguyn t b phn r. Xc nh chu k bn r ca cht .
A. 1,22 gi.
B. 3,2 gi.
C. 2,2 gi.
D. 1,8 gi.
.............................................................................................................................................. ..........................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 4. Mt cht phng x , ban u trong thi gian 2 pht c 500 nguyn t b phn r nhng sau 4 gi trong thi
gian 5 pht c 60 nguyn t b phn r. Xc nh chu k bn r ca cht .
A. 1,02 gi.
B. 1,22 gi.
C. 0,91 gi.
D. 0,81 gi.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................. .......
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Cu 5. Cht phng x 210
84 Po c chu k bn r 138,4 ngy. Ngi ta dng my m s ht phng x m cht ny
phng ra. Ln th nht m trong t = 1 pht (coi t << T). Sau ln m th nht 15 ngy ngi ta dng my m ln
th 2. my m c s ht phng x bng s ht my m trong ln th nht th cn thi gian l
A. 68 s
B. 72 s
C. 62 s
D. 65 s
........................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................

Cu 6. Ngi ta dng ht proton bn vo ht nhn 73Li ng yn, gy ra phn ng 11 P + 73 Li

2 .
Bit phn ng ta nng lng v hai ht c cng ng nng. Ly khi lng cc ht theo n v u gn
bng s khi ca chng. Gc to bi hng ca cc ht c th l:
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Kha hc LTH mn Vt L - Thy ng Vit Hng

A. C gi tr bt k.

Mt s bi ton hay v kh VLHN

B. 600

C. 1600

D. 1200

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Cu 7. Cho prtn c ng nng KP = 3,25 MeV bn ph ht nhn Liti 37 Li ng yn. Sau phn ng xut hin hai ht
X ging nhau, c cng ng nng v c phng chuyn ng hp vi phng chuyn ng ca prtn gc nh
nhau. Cho bit mp = 1,0073u; mLi = 7,0142u; mX = 4,0015u; 1u = 931,5 MeV/c 2. Coi phn ng khng km theo
phng x gamma gi tr ca gc l
A. 82,450
B. 40,90
C. 78,90.
D. 81,870.
............................................................................................................................................................................... .........
......................................................................................................................... ...............................................................
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Cu 8: Ngi dng prtn c 2,0 MeV vo Nhn 7Li ng yn th thu hai nhn X c cng ng nng. Nng
lng lin kt ca ht nhn X l 28,3 MeV v ht khi ca ht 7 Li l 0,0421u. Cho 1u = 931,5MeV/c2 ;
khi lng ht nhn tnh theo u xp x bng s khi. Tc ca ht nhn X bng
A. 1,96 m/s.
B. 2,20 m/s.
C. 2,16.107m/s.
D. 1,93.107m/s.
Gii:
Ta c phng trnh phn ng: 11 H + 37 Li
2 24 X
28 ,3
mX = 2mP + 2mn mX -----> mX = 2mP + 2mn - mX vi mX =
= 0,0304u
931,5
mLi = 3mP + 4mn mLi ------>mLi = 3mP + 4mn - mLi
M = 2mX (mLi + mp) = mLi - 2 mX = - 0,0187u < 0; phn ng ta nng lng E
E = 0,0187. 931,5 MeV = 17,42MeV
mv 2
2WX = E + Kp = 19,42MeV -----> WX =
= 9,71 MeV
2
2WX
2WX
2.9,71
2.9,71MeV
v=
=
=
=c
= 3.108.0,072 = 2,16.10 7 m/s
MeV
m
4u
4.931,5
4.931,5 2
c
24
Na c chu k bn r T = 15 h vi nng 10 Cu 9: Tim vo mu bnh nhn 10cm 3 dung dch cha 11
3
mol/lt. Sau 6h ly 10 cm3 mu tm thy 1,5.10-8 mol Na24. Coi Na24 phn b u. Th tch mu ca ngi
c tim khong
A. 5 lt.
B. 6 lt.
C. 4 lt.
D. 8 lt.
-3
-2
-5
Gii: S mol Na24 tim vo mu: n0 = 10 .10 =10 mol.
- t

-5

S mol Na24 cn li sau 6h: n = n 0 e = 10 . e

0,7579 .10 5.10
Th tch mu ca bnh nhn V =
1,5.10 8

ln 2. t
T
2

-5

ln 2.6
15

= 10 e
= 0,7579.10-5 mol.
7,578
5,05l 5lit
1,5

Cu 10. xc nh lng mu trong bnh nhn ngi ta tim vo mu mt ngi mt lng nh dung dch cha
ng v phng x Na24 (chu k bn r 15 gi) c phng x 2 Ci. Sau 7,5 gi ngi ta ly ra 1 cm3 mu ngi
th thy n c phng x 10 Bq. Th tch mu ca ngi bng bao nhiu?
A. 6,25 lt
B. 5,54 lt
C. 5,52 lt
D. 5,23 lt

Cu 11: Ngy nay t l ca U235 l 0,72% urani t nhin, cn li l U238. Cho bit chu k bn r ca chng
l 7,04.108 nm v 4,46.109 nm. T l ca U235 trong urani t nhin vo thi k tri t c to thnh
cch y 4,5 t nm l
A. 32%.
B. 46%.
C. 23%.
D. 16%.
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Kha hc LTH mn Vt L - Thy ng Vit Hng

Mt s bi ton hay v kh VLHN

Gii:
N1 = N01 e
-------->

1t

; N2 = N01 e

N 01
N
= 1 e(
N 02 N 2

2t

N
N1
= 01 e (
N2
N 02

------>
1

2 )t

0,72 t ( T1
e
99 ,28

1
) ln 2
T2

1 )t

1
0,72 4,5( 0, 704
=
e
99 ,28

1
) ln 2
4 , 46

= 0,303

N 01
0,3
N 01
= 0,3 ------>
=
= 0,23 = 23%. Chn p n C
N 02
N 01 N 02 1,3
17
Cu 12: Bn ph hat anpha vo ht nhn 14
7 N ang ng yn to ra proton v 8 O . Phn ng thu nng lng 1,52
MeV. Gi s hai ht sinh ra c cng vecto vn tc. ng nng ca ht anpha (xem khi lng ht nhn tnh theo n
v u gn bng s khi ca n) bng bao nhiu?
A. 1,36 MeV
B. 1,65 MeV
C. 1,95 MeV
D. 1,56 MeV

Gii:
1
Phng trnh phn ng 24 He 147N
1H +
Theo L bo ton ng lng ta c;

O . Phn ng thu nng lng

E = 1,21 MeV

m v = (mH + mO )v (vi v l vn tc ca hai ht sau phn ng) ----> v =

m v
2
= v
m H mO
9

17
8

m v2
= 2v 2
2
( m H mO ) v 2
(mH mO ) 2 2 2 4 2
2
KH + KO =
=
( ) v = v = K
2
2
9
9
9
2
7
K = KH + KO + E --------> K - K = K = E
9
9
9
------> K =
E = 1,95 MeV. Chn p n C
7
139
94
3 01 n
Cu 13: Bit U235 c th b phn hch theo phn ng sau : 01 n 235
92 U
53 I 39Y
Khi lng ca cc ht tham gia phn ng: m U = 234,99332u; mn = 1,0087u; mI = 138,8970u; mY =
93,89014u; 1uc2 = 931,5MeV. Nu c mt lng ht nhn U235 nhiu, gi s ban u ta kch thch cho
1012 ht U235 phn hch theo phng trnh trn v sau phn ng dy chuyn xy ra trong khi ht nhn
vi h s nhn ntrn l k = 2. Coi phn ng khng phng x gamma. Nng lng to ra sau 5 phn
hch dy chuyn u tin (k c phn hch kch thch ban u):
A. 175,85 MeV
B. 5,45.1015 MeV
C. 5,45.1013MeV
D. 8,79.1012 MeV
Gii:
Nang lng ta ra sau mi phn hch:
E = ( mU + mn - mI - mY - 3mn )c2 = 0,18878 uc2 = 175,84857 MeV = 175,85 MeV
Khi 1 phn hch kch thch ban u sau 5 phn hach dy chuyn s phn hch xy ra l
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 = 31
Do s phn hch sau 5 phn hch dy chuyn t 10 10 phn hch ban u N = 31.10 10
Nng lng ta ra E = N E = 31.1012 x175,85 = 5,45.1015 MeV Chn p n B
K =

Cu 14. ng v Si phng x . Mt mu phng x Si ban u trong thi gian 5 pht c 190 nguyn t b phn
r nhng sau 3 gi trong thi gian 1 pht c 17 nguyn t b phn r. Xc nh chu k bn r ca cht .
A. 2,5 h.
B. 2,6 h.
C. 2,7 h.
D. 2,8 h.

Gii:
N1

N 0 (1 e
t

t1

N0

t1 ( t1 << T)

t2

N 2 N 0 e (1 e
) N 0 t2 e t vi t = 3h.
N 0 t1
N1
t
190
e t 1 5e t
t
N 2 N 0 t2 e
t2
17
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Kha hc LTH mn Vt L - Thy ng Vit Hng

Mt s bi ton hay v kh VLHN

190
38
ln 2
38
et
3 ln
T 2,585 h 2,6 h
17
17
T
17
Cu 15: Gi s ban u c mt mu phng x X nguyn cht, c chu k bn r T v bin thnh ht nhn bn Y.
Ti thi im t1 t l gia ht nhn Y v ht nhn X l k. Ti thi im t2 t1 2T th t l l
A. k + 4.
B. 4k/3.
C. 4k.
D. 4k + 3.
Gii:
.p dng cng thc L phng x ta c:
NY1
N1 N0 (1 e t1 )
1
(1)
k e t1
t1
N1 X1
N1
N0 e
k 1
t

5e

NY2

k2

N0 (1 e t2 )
N 0 e t2

N2
N2

N1 X 2

(1 e (t1 2T ) )
e (t1 2T )

1
e

t1

2 T

1 (2)

Ta c

2 T

ln 2
T
T

1
(3). Thay (1), (3) vo (2) ta c t l cn tm:
4

2ln 2

1
1 4k 3 .
1 1
1 k4
Cu 8: C hai mu cht phng x A v B thuc cng mt cht c chu k bn r T = 138,2 ngy v c khi
N
lng ban u nh nhau . Ti thi im quan st , t s s ht nhn hai mu cht B 2, 72 . Tui ca mu
NA
A nhiu hn mu B l
A. 199,8 ngy
B. 199,5 ngy
C. 190,4 ngy
D. 189,8 ngy
k2

Gii Ta c NA = N0 e
NB
e (t2 t1 ) 2, 72
NA

t1

; NB = N 0 e t 2
T ln 2, 72
ln 2
199,506 199,5 ngy
(t1 t2 ) ln 2, 72 ----- t1 t2 =
T
ln 2

Cu 9: Mt bnh nhn iu tr bng ng v phng x, dng tia dit t bo bnh. Thi gian chiu x ln
u l t 20 pht, c sau 1 thng th bnh nhn phi ti bnh vin khm bnh v tip tc chiu x. Bit ng v
phng x c chu k bn r T = 4 thng (coi t T ) v vn dng ngun phng x trong ln u. Hi ln
chiu x th 3 phi tin hnh trong bao lu bnh nhn c chiu x vi cng mt lng tia nh ln u?
A. 28,2 pht.
B. 24,2 pht.
C. 40 pht.
D. 20 pht.
Gii:
Lng tia phng x ln u: N1 N 0 (1 e t ) N 0 t
( p dng cng thc gn ng: Khi x << 1 th 1-e-x x, y coi t T nn 1 - e-t = t
Sau thi gian 2 thng, mt na chu k t = T/2, Lng phng x trong ngun phng x s dng ln u cn
N

N 0e
N'

Do

N 0e

N 0e
ln 2
2

t' e

ln 2 T
T 2

(1 e

ln 2
2

N 0e
t'

t 1, 41.20

ln 2
2

N 0e

. Thi gian chiu x ln ny t

ln 2
2

t'

28, 2 pht. Chn p n A

Cu 12: Cho chm ntron bn ph ng v bn

55
25

Mn ta thu c ng v phng x

56
25

Mn . ng v
56
55
phng x Mn c chu tr bn r T = 2,5h v pht x ra tia -. Sau qu trnh bn ph Mn bng ntron
56
55
kt thc ngi ta thy trong mu trn t s gia s nguyn t Mn v s lng nguyn t Mn = 10-10.
Sau 10 gi tip th t s gia nguyn t ca hai loi ht trn l:
A. 1,25.10-11
B. 3,125.10-12
C. 6,25.10-12
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Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

D. 2,5.10-11
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Kha hc LTH mn Vt L - Thy ng Vit Hng

Gii: Sau qu trnh bn ph

55
25

55

Mt s bi ton hay v kh VLHN

Mn bng ntron kt thc th s nguyn t ca

Mn khng i, Sau 10 gi = 4 chu k s nguyn t ca

56
25

56
25

Mn gim, c s nguyn t

Mn gim 24 = 16 ln. Do th t s gia

nguyn t ca hai loi ht trn l:

N Mn56 10 10
=
= 6,25.10-12
16
N Mn55
Cu 16 : Bn ht nhn
14
7

17
8

c ng nng 18 MeV vo ht nhn

14
7

N ng yn ta c phn ng

O p . Bit cc ht nhn sinh ra cng vc t vn tc. Cho m = 4,0015u; m p = 1,0072u; m N =

13,9992u; m O =16,9947u; cho u = 931 MeV/c2 . ng nng ca ht prtn sinh ra c gi tr l bao nhiu?
A. 0,111 MeV
B. 0,22 MeV
C. 0,333 MeV
D. p s khc
Cu 17. Mt khi cht phng x hn hp gm hai ng v vi s lng ht nhn ban u nh nhau .ng
v th nht c chu k T 1 = 2,4 ngy ngy ng v th hai c T 2 = 40 ngy ngy.Sau thi gian t1 th c
87,5% s ht nhn ca hn hp b phn r,sau thi gian t 2 c 75% s ht nhn ca hn hp b phn r.T s
t1
l.
t2
A. t1 = 1,5 t2.
B. t2 = 1,5 t1
C. t1 = 2,5 t2
D. t2 = 2,5 t1
Gii:
Gi T l khong thi gian m mt na s ht nhn ca hn hp hai ng v b phn r ( chu k bn r ca
hn hp, ta c th tnh c T = 5,277 ngy).
Sau thi
N
N
gian t1 s ht nhn ca hn hp cn li N1 = N0 e t1 = 0 = . 30 ----> t1 = 3T (*)
8
2
N
N
Sau thi gian t2 s ht nhn ca hn hp cn li N2 = N0 e t2 = 0 .= 20 ----> t2 = 2T. (**).
4
2
T (*) v (**) suy ra

t1 3
=
hay t1 = 1,5t2
t2 2

Cu 18: o chu k bn r ca 1 cht phng x - ngi ta dng my m electron. K t thi im t=0

n t1 = 2 gi my m ghi dc N1 phn r/giy. n thi im t2 = 6 gi my m dc N2 phn r/giy. Vi
N2 = 2,3N1. tm chu k bn r.
p n
A. 3,31 gi.
B. 4,71 gi
C. 14,92 gi
D. 3,95 gi
Gii:
H1 = H0 (1- e t1 ) -----> N1 = H0 (1- e t1 )
H2 = H0 (1- e t2 ) -----> N2 = H0 (1- e t2 )
-----> (1- e t2 ) = 2,3(1- e t1 ) ----> (1- e 6 ) = 2,3 ( 1 - e 2 )
t X = e 2 ta c: (1 X3) = 2,3(1-X) ------> (1-X)( X2 + X 1,3) = 0.
Do X 1 0 -----> X2 + X 1,3 = 0 -----. X = 0,745
2 ln 2
e 2 = 0,745 ------> = ln0,745 ------> T = 4,709 = 4,71 h Chn p n B
T
Cu 21: cho chu k bn r T ca mt cht phng x, ngi ta dng my m xung. Trong t 1 gi u tin
my m c n1 xung; trong t2 = 2t1 gi tip theo my m c n2 =
tr l bao nhiu?
A. T = t1/2
Gii
Ta c n1 = N1 = N0(1- e

B. T = t1/3
t1

17
n1 xung. Chu k bn r T c gi
256

C. T = t1/4

D. T = t1/6

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Kha hc LTH mn Vt L - Thy ng Vit Hng

Mt s bi ton hay v kh VLHN

n2 = N2 = N1 (1- e t2 ) = N0 e t1 (1- e 2 t1 )
1 X
1 e t1
n1
=
=
(Vi X = e t1
t1
2 t1
2
)
X (1 X )
n2 e (1 e
9
9
n
do ta c phng trnh: X2 + X = 1 =
hay X2 + X
= 0.
n2 64
64
Phng btrnh c cc nghim X1 = 0,125 v X2 = - 1,125 <0 loi
ln 2
e- t1 = 0,125 --- - t1 = ln 0,125 -- t1 = ln0,125
T
ln 2
t
T =t1= 1 .
ln 0,125
3
235
93
140
Cu 22. Xt phn ng: n + 235
U l 7,7
92 U
58 Ce + 41 Nb + 3n + 7e . Cho nng lng lin kt ring
140
93
MeV, ca Ce l 8,43 MeV, ca Nb l 8,7 MeV. Nng lng ta ra phn ng trn bng
A. 179,8 MeV.
B. 173,4 MeV.
C. 82,75 MeV.
D. 128,5 MeV.
Gii: Nng lng ta ra phn ng
E = (mn + mU mCe mNb 7mn 7me)c2 = Mc2
Vi : mU = 92mp + 143mn - mU
mCe = 58mp + 82mn - mCe
mNb = 41mp + 52mn - mNb
M = mCe + mNb - mU + 7mn 7mp 7me mCe + mNb - mU
WLKR A
WLK
WLKR =
-----> Wlk = WLKR.A = mc2 -----> m =
A
c2
MeV
MeV
mU = 235 . 7,7 2 = 1809,5 2
c
c
MeV
MeV
mCe = 140 . 8,43 2 = 1180,2 2
c
c
MeV
MeV
mNb = 93 . 8,7
= 809,1 2
c2
c
Do E = Mc2 = 1180,2 + 809,1 1809,5 = 179,8 MeV.
Cu 23 .Trong phn ng dy chuyn ca ht nhn 235U , phn ng th nht c 100 ht nhn 235U b phn r v h s
nhn notron l 1,6. Tnh tng s ht nhn b phn r n phn ng th 101.
A. 5,45.1023

B.3,24.1022

C. 6,88.1022

D. 6,22.1023

Gii: Phn ng th nht c 100 ht nhn 235U b phn r, phn ng th hai c 100x1,6 =160 ht nhn 235U
; phn ng th ba c 100 x (1,6)2 ht nhn 235U ;..... phn ng th 100 c 100x (1,6) 99
Tng s ht nhn b phn r n phn ng th 101
100 (1,6.101 1)
N = 100( 1,60 + 1,61 + 1,62 +.... +1,6100) =
= 6,88.1022 ht .
1,6 1
Cu 24. xc nh lng mu trong bnh nhn ngi ta tim vo mu mt ngi mt lng nh dung
dch cha ng v phng x Na24 (chu k bn r 15 gi) c phng x 2 Ci. Sau 7,5 gi ngi ta ly ra
1cm3 mu ngi th thy n c phng x 502 phn r/pht. Th tch mu ca ngi bng bao
nhiu?
A. 6,25 lt
B. 6,54 lt
C. 5,52 lt
D. 6,00 lt
Gii:
H0 = 2,10-6.3,7.1010 = 7,4.104Bq; H = 502V phn r/pht = 8,37V Bq (V th tch ca mu tnh theo cm 3 )
H = H0 2-t/T = H0 2-0,5 -------> 2-0,5 =

8,37V
H
=
------> 8,37 V = 7,4.10 4.2-0,5
H0
7,4.10 4

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Kha hc LTH mn Vt L - Thy ng Vit Hng

Mt s bi ton hay v kh VLHN

7,4.10 4 2 0,5
= 6251,6 cm3 = 6,25 dm3 = 6,25 lit. Chn p n A
8,37
Cu 25: Ngi ta trn 2 ngun phng x vi nhau. Ngun phng x c hng s phng x l 1 , ngun
phng x th 2 c hng s phng x l 2 . Bit 2 2 1 . S ht nhn ban u ca ngun th nht gp 3 ln
s ht nhn ban u ca ngun th 2. Hng s phng x ca ngun hn hp l
A. 1,2 1
B. 1,5 1
C. 2,5 1
D. 3 1
GII.
Gi N 01 l s ht nhn ban u ca ngun phng x 1
Gi N 02 l s ht nhn ban u ca ngun phng x 2. Th N 02 = N01/3.
Sau thi gian t s ht nhn cn li ca mi ngun l:
N 01 2 1.t
N1 N 01.e 1t v N 2 N 02 .e 2t
.
.e
3
1
N 01
.e 2t )
(3.e 1.t e 2 1t )
Tng s ht nhn cn li ca 2 ngun: N N1 N 2 N 01 (e 1t
(1)
3
3
Khi t = T(T l chu k bn r ca hn hp) th N = (N 01 +N02 )=2/3 N01. (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c : 3.e 1.t e 2 1t 2
t e 1.t = X ta c : X 2 3X 2 0 (*)
Phng trnh (*) c nghim X = 0,5615528.
1
1
ln 2
ln 2
.ln
1, 20. 1 .
Do : e 1.t = 0,5615528. T t T
1.
1
0,5615528
T
1
ln
0,5615528
Cu 26: Ngi ta dng my m s ht nhn b phn r ca mt ngun phng x trong cc khong thi
gian lin tip bng nhau t. T s ht m my m c trong khong thi gian ny l:
A. gim theo cp s cng
B. Gim theo hm s m
C. Gim theo cp s nhn
D. hng s
Gii: Gi s ti thi im t s ht nhn nguyn t ca cht phng x: N = N 0 e t .
(t
t)
Ti thi im t 1 = t + t: N1 = N0 e t1 = N0 e
N1 = N1 N = N0 e t ( 1- e t ) (*)
Ti thi im t2 = t1 + t: N2 = N0 e t2 = N0 e (t1 t )
N2 = N1 N2 = N0 e t1 ( 1- e t ) = N0 e (t1 t ) ( 1- e t ) (**)
N1
T (*) v (**) ta suy ra :
= e t = const.Chn p n D
N2

V=

55
Cu 27. : phng x ca mt mu cht phng x 24
Cr c sau 5 pht c o mt ln cho kt qu ba ln
o lin tip l: 7,13mCi ; 2,65 mCi ; 0,985 mCi. Chu k bn r ca Cr bng bao nhiu ?
A. 3,5 pht
B. 1,12 pht
C. 35 giy
D. 112 giy
t
Gii: Gi s ti thi im t phng x ca mu cht : H = H 0 e .
Ti thi im t 1 = t + t: H1 = H0 e t1 = H0 e (t t )
H1 = H1 H = H0 e t ( 1- e t ) (*)
Ti thi im t2 = t1 + t: H2 = H0 e t2 = H0 e (t1 t )
H2 = H1 H2 = H0 e t1 ( 1- e t ) = H0 e (t1 t ) ( 1- e t ) (**)

H1
= e t ; t = 5 pht
H2
Vi H1 = 7,13 2,65 = 4,48mCi
H2 = 2,65 0,985 = 1,665mCi
t
e = 2,697------> t = ln2,697 = 0,99214 ------> = 0,19843
ln 2
ln 2
=
-----> T =
= 3,493 pht = 3,5 pht.
T

Tng t ta c

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

- Trang | 7 -

Kha hc LTH mn Vt L - Thy ng Vit Hng

Mt s bi ton hay v kh VLHN

Cu 28: Mt bnh nhn iu tr bng ng v phng x, dng tia dit t bo bnh. Thi gian chiu x ln
u l t = 30 pht, c sau 1 thng th bnh nhn phi ti bnh vin khm bnh v tip tc chiu x. Bit ng v
phng x c chu k bn r T = 4 thng (coi t T ) v vn dng ngun phng x trong ln u. Hi ln
chiu x th 3 phi tin hnh trong bao lu bnh nhn c chiu x vi cng mt lng tia nh ln u?
A. 40 pht.
B. 20 pht
Gii:
Lng tia phng x ln u: N1 N 0 (1 e

C. 28,2pht.
t

N0

D. 42,42 pht

( p dng cng thc gn ng: Khi x << 1 th 1-e-x x, y coi t T nn 1 - e- t = t)

Sau thi gian 2 thng, mt na chu k t = T/2, Lng phng x trong ngun phng x s dng ln u cn
N

N 0e
N'

N 0e

N 0e
ln 2
2

ln 2 T
T 2

(1 e

N 0e
t'

ln 2
2

N 0e

. Thi gian chiu x ln ny t

ln 2
2

t'

ln 2

Do t = e 2 t = 2 .30 = 42,42 pht. Chn p n D

Cu 29: Ht nhn 210
, bin i thnh ht nhn 206
84 Po ng yn phng x ra mt ht
82 Pb c km theo mt
photon.Bng thc nghim, ngi ta o uc nng lng to ra t phn ng l 6,42735 MeV, ng nng ca
ht l 6,18 MeV, tn s ca bc x pht ra l 3,07417.10 19 Hz, khi lng cc ht nhn m PO = 209,9828u;
m = 4,0015u ; Khi lng ht nhn

206
82

Pb lc va sinh ra l bao nhiu?:

Gii: ( m PO - m Pb - m )c2 = E + K + hf
hf = 6,625.10-34.3,07417.1019 = 20,3664.,10-15 J = 0,12729MeV
( m PO - m Pb - m )c2 = E + K + hf = 12,73464MeV = 0,01367uc2
----> m Pb = m PO - m - 0,01367u = 209,9828u - 4,0015u - 0,01367u = 205, 96763u
Cu 30: Nng lng ta ra ca 10g nhin liu trong phn ng 12 H + 13 H 24 He + 01 n +17,6MeV l E1 v ca
139
95
1
10 g nhin liu trong phn ng 01 n + 235
92 U 54 Xe + 38 Sr +2 0 n +210 MeV l E2. Ta c:
A. E1 > E2
B. E1 = 12E2
C. E1 = 4E2
D. E1 = E2
Gii:
Trong phn ng th nht trong 2g 12 H v 3g 13 H c NA ht nhn 12 H v NA ht nhn 12 H .
Tc l trong trong 5 g nhin liu c NA phn ng . Do n s phn ng trong 10 g nhin liu l 2N A ---->
E1 = 2NA. 17,6 MeV (*)
Trong phn ng th hai c th b qua khi lng 01 n . Trong 235 g nhin liu c NA ht nhn 235
92 U , c NA
phn ng. Suy ra s phn ng xy ra trong 10 g nhin liu l 10N A/235
10 N A
Do E2 =
.210 MeV
235
E
2 N A .17,6
-------> 1 =
= 3,939 4 -------> E1 = 4E2 , Chn p n C
10 N A
E2
.210
235
Cu 31. Mt ngi bnh phi chy thn bng phng php phng x. Ngun phng x uc s dng c chu
k bn r T 40 ngy. Trong ln khm u tin ngi bnh c chp trong khong thi gian 12pht. Do
bnh giai on u nn trong 1 thng ngi ny 2 ln phi ti bnh vin chp c th lch hn vi bc s
nh sau:
Thi gian: 08h Ngy 05/11/2012
PP iu tr: Chp phng x (BS. V Ngc Minh)
Thi gian: 08h Ngy 20/11/2012
PP iu tr: Chp phng x (BS. V Ngc Minh)
Hi ln chp th 3 ngi ny cn chp trong khong thi gian bng bao nhiu nhn c liu lng
phng x nh cc ln trc: Coi rng khong thi gian chp rt nh so vi thi gian iu tr mi ln.
A. 15,24 pht
B. 18,18 pht
C. 20,18 pht
D. 21,36 pht.

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

- Trang | 8 -

Kha hc LTH mn Vt L - Thy ng Vit Hng

Gii: Liu lng phng x mi ln chiu:

Mt s bi ton hay v kh VLHN

N0 (1 e

N0

t Vi t = 12 pht

(p dng cng thc gn ng: Khi x << 1 th 1-e-x x, y coi t T nn 1 - e- t = t

Sau thi gian 1 thng (30 ngy), t = 30T/40 = 3T/4, Lng phng x trong ngun phng x s dng ln u cn

N0e

N ' N0e

t
3 ln 2
4

N0e

ln 2 3T
T 4

(1 e

t'

N0e
)

N0e

3 ln 2
4
3 ln 2
4

Thi gian chiu x ln ny t

t'

N1

N0

3 ln 2

t ' e 4 t 1,6818 20 ,18 pht

Cu 32: U238 phn r thnh Pb 206 vi chu k bn r 4,47.10 9 nam. Mt khi cha 93,94.10 -5 kg v
4,27.10-5 kg Pb .Gi s khi lc u hon ton nguyn cht ch c U238. Tui ca khi l
A. 5,28.106(nm)
B. 3,64.108(nm)
C. 3,32.108(nam)
D. 6,04.109(nm)
Gii:
Gi N l s ht nhn U238 hin ti , N 0 l s ht U238 lc u
Khi N0 = N + N = N + N Pb
N m
N m
N = A ; NPb = A Pb ;
238
206
N m
N m N m
Theo L phng x: N = N0 e- t -----------------------> A = ( A + A Pb )e- t
238
238
206
N A m N A m Pb
m Pb 238
206
-------> e t = 238
= 1,0525
1
N Am
m 206
238
ln 2
t ln 1,0525------> t = 3,3 .108 nm. Cu 39 . Tnh cng cn thit tng tc mt electron t
-------->
T
trng thi ngh n vn tc 0,50c.
A. 0,144m0 c2.
B. 0,225m0 c2.
C. 0,25m0 c2.
D. 0,5m0 c2 .
Gii:
mv 2
(0,5) 2 c 2
m0
E0 = m0 c2; E = E0 + W = m0 c2 +
= m0 c2 +
2
2
v2
1 2
c
2 2
m (0,5) c
E = m0 c2 + 0
= m0c2 + 0,144m0 c2
2
3

4
Do A = E E0 = 0,144m0c2

Gio vin : ng Vit Hng

Ngun :

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

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