LA CHN NHM PHN MM GII BI TON BNH

SAI LI KHNG CH TRC A

THE SELECTION OF SOFTWARE GROUP TO CALCULATE
GEODETIC PROBLEMS
NGUYN TIN DNG PHM VN PHONG
Trng Cao ng Cng ngh, i hc Nng

TM TT
Vic gii v trnh by bi ton bnh sai li khng ch trc a thng phc tp v yu cu lm
nhiu php tnh, phi t chnh xc cao v c hnh v minh ha. y cng l nhng yu
cu ph bin nhng bi ton k thut. Cc phn mm c la chn l MathCAD, MS
Excel v MS Visio. Chng khng nhng p ng c cc yu cu trn m cn lm cho li
gii bi ton tr nn n gin, thun tin v c c tnh chng tnh.
ABSTRACT
The calculation and illustration of geodetic problems is complicated because it requires a lot of
accurate operations and illustrative pictures. This is also the common requirement of technical
problems. Some chosen software are MathCAD, MS Excel and MS Visio. They not only meet
the requirements but also make the solution simpler, more convenient, and highly
programmed.

1. T VN
1.1. Chn bi ton
Trong khun kh mt bi bo, minh ha cho vic trnh by, chng ti chn bi ton
bnh sai li khng ch mt bng, dng li ng chuyn khp kn.
1.1.1. S liu ban u
- S bi ton nh trong hnh 1;
ng chuyn kinh v khp kn c n nh;
- A, B l hai im khng ch mt
bng cp cao, bit ta ca chng;
- Gc ni ; Cc gc bng i (i =
1 n);
- Chiu di cc cnh di.
1.1.2. Yu cu: Tnh ta cc mc khng
ch 2, 3, , n?
1.1.3. S thut ton: Xem hnh 2.
1.2. La chn cng c
Vic gii v trnh by bi ton c
nhng c im nh sau:

Hnh 1. S ng chuyn

Sai

ng

Sai

ng

Hnh 2. S thut ton

1. Qu trnh tnh ton c thc

hin qua nhiu bc, cht ch v yu
cu chnh xc cao. Nu qua mi
bc, khi kim tra, thy iu kin sai
s khng tha mn th phi o c li
c s liu mi v phi tnh ton li
t u. Nh vy, s dng my tnh
vi nhng phn mm ph hp l iu
cn thit;
2. Vic gii bi ton v trnh by
li gii i hi mt nhm hp l cc
phn mm tnh ton, vit thuyt minh
v v hnh. y l mt c im
chung ca cc bi ton k thut
chuyn ngnh. S phi hp cc phn
mm cn phi thun li cho ngi
thc hin, tp tin kt qu phi gn
nh;
3. Cc php tnh c lp i lp
li vi cc gc v cc cnh ng
chuyn. Nh vy trnh by bi ton
dng bng tnh s gn gng v ph
hp. Nn chn phn mm MS Excel
v y l mt phn mm bng tnh
in t thng dng v quen thuc vi
hu ht mi ngi;
4. Trong vic din gii qu tnh
tnh ton v thc hin mt s php
tnh b sung th MathCAD l mt
phn mm ph hp hn c [1].
MathCAD cn c dng lm nn rt
tt chn cc bng tnh v hnh v t
cc phn mm khc, lm cho trang
tnh c hon chnh;
5. Hnh v th hin s ng
chuyn c th c thc hin trn cc
phn mm v ri dn vo trang tnh.
Vic lp bng tnh v v hnh vn
thun li khi thc hin ngay trn trang
tnh MathCAD. Dng lnh chn
Insert menu \ Object chn mt
bng tnh MS Excel v mt trang v
MS Visio. Khi , tp tin MathCAD
vn gn nh. Vic hiu chnh bng

tnh v hnh v c thc hin d dng bi nhng cng c c chn vo trang tnh
MathCAD.
2. THC HIN LI GII
2.1. Thit lp cng thc chuyn i n v gc
My kinh v cho kt qu o gc c n v , pht, giy. Trong tnh ton v th hin
kt qu ca bi ton trc a, thng phi i sang n v radian v ngc li. tin cho vic
thc hin nhiu bi ton khc trong trc a, nn lp hm chuyn i n v gc.
C nhiu cch thit lp hm chuyn i n v gc c mt s ti liu cp.
Chng ti thy s dng hm floor v hm round c sn trong MathCAD l thun li v d
hiu hn c. Kt qu lp hm v cc v d minh ha vic s dng hm ny nh trong hnh 3.

Hnh 3. Hm chuyn i n v gc Minh ha cch s dng

2.2. Nhp s liu ban u

2.3. Trnh by li gii

S ng chuyn c v trn MS Visio. Bng tnh ton v kt qu c trnh by
trn MS Excel. Mt s php tnh b sung v thuyt minh tnh ton c trnh by trong trang
tnh MathCAD. Cng trn trang tnh ny, cc ni dung lm vic trn MS Visio v MS Excel
c thc hin trc tip nh dng lnh chn Insert menu \ Object .

CH : Ton b ni dung trnh by trong mc 2.2 v 2.3 u c ly t nh chp

mn hnh my tnh khi my tnh ang thc hin bi ton trn Mathcad.
3. KT LUN
- Vi mt giao din tnh ton nh mt bn vit tay, ch chim hn mt trang giy, li
gii ca bi ton c thc hin mt cch cht ch, gn gng, chnh xc v p mt;
- Tuy bi ton c vn dng nhiu phn mm tin hc t hiu qu cao trong tnh
ton, nhng vi nhng ngi khng chuyn my tnh, cch trnh by vn t c c tnh
quen thuc, d hiu v d thc hin;
- Vic thc hin bi ton c c tnh chng trnh: bi ton s t cho ra cc kt qu
khc nhau vi cc s liu u vo khc nhau. iu s lm ngi thc hin li gii thm
hng th vi cng vic. Kh nng pht trin bi ton v tnh sng to s c nng cao. Cch

thc hin v th hin li gii ca bi ton c tnh in hnh cho nhiu bi ton bnh sai trc a
ni ring v nhiu bi ton k thut chuyn ngnh ni chung;
- T vic gii quyt c hiu qu bi ton nu trn, c th t ra vn ng dng cng
c v phng php tnh nu ra gii quyt nhiu bi ton k thut khc. Nn a vo
chng trnh ging dy mt chuyn hng dn s dng Mathcad v MS Excel trong k
thut mi sinh vin c th lm ch c c chng.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]

Nguyn Tin Dng, Nghin cu ng dng MathCAD trong ging dy chuyn ngnh
K thut Xy dng, Bo co NCKH cp B nm 2006.

[2]

Phm Xun Phong, Bo co tng kt ti NCKH sinh vin, Nghin cu ng dng tin
hc trong vic gii bi ton bnh sai li khng ch trc a. Nng, 2006.