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Bi gii chi tit TongDaiHiep.

Org
Page 1

TRNG HSP H NI
TRNG THPT CHUYN
M : 216
THI TH I HC LN TH I
Mn: HA HC
Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht
BI GII CHI TIT
TongDaiHiep.Org


Cu 1: p n C.
Bi ton thuc dng t chn lng cht, nn gi s khi lng dung dch H
2
SO
4
phn ng l 98g.
Vy n
H
2
SO
4
= 0,2 mol n
H
2
= n
Zn
+ n
Mg
= n
H
2
SO
4
= 0,2 mol.
V m
dd spu
= m
Zn
+ m
Mg
+ m
dd
- m
H
2
= 65.n
Zn
+ 24.(0,2 n
Zn
) + 98 0,2.2 = 102,4 + 41n
Zn.
M C%
MgSO
4
=
(24 +96).(0,2-n
Zn
)
1 02,4 +41n
Zn
. 1uu = 15,22 n
Zn
= 0,0667 mol
Suy ra C%
ZnSO
4
=
(65 +96).n
Zn
1 02,4 +41n
Zn
. 1uu = 10,21%.
Cu 2: p n A.
Xenlulozo
3HNO
3
-- Xenlulozo trinitrat
162297 g/mol
Ta c m
xenlulozo trinitat
=
2.297
1 62
. 6u% = 2,2 tn.
Cu 3: p n A.
p n A sai v phi kim va c th cho electron, va c th nhn electron.
V d: S + O
2

t
o
SO
2
;

S + Fe
t
o
FeS
Cu 4: p n A.
Cc cp cht tha mn ycb: (a), (b), (d).
Cu 5: p n C.
Ta c bt bo ha ca C
4
H
11
N = 0 Amin no, n, mch h.
Cc p bc 1:
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-NH
2
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH-CH
3
NH
2
CH
3
- C -CH
3
CH
3
NH
2
CH
3
-CH-CH
2
-NH
2
CH
3

Cu 6: p n A.
Ta c n
HNO
3
p.
= 2n
NO
2
= 2x n
NO
2
= x mol.
p dng LBT electron, ta c: n
NO
2
= n
e cho kl
x = n
e cho kl

S electron kim loi cho =
n
e cho RI
n
RI
= 1.
Vy M l kim loi c s oxi ha cao nht l +1.
Cu 7: p n A.
Ta c n
este
= 0,1 mol; n
NaOH
= 0,04 mol < n
este
Este d Cht rn khan thu c ch gm mui ca este,
v este d khi c cn s bay hi.
Vy m
CH
3
COONa
= 0,04.82 = 3,28g.
Cu 8: p n C.
S cht tha ycb: HCOONH
3
CH
3
; CH
3
COONH
4
.
Cu 9: p n D.

Phng php iu ch

in phn nng chy Kim loi ng trc Al (K, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg, Al).
in phn dung dch
Kim loi ng sau nhm (Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, )
Nhit luyn


Bi gii chi tit TongDaiHiep.Org
Page 2

Cu 10: p n B.
Ta c n
PVC

=

4mol.

2CH
4
C
2
H
2
C
2
H
3
Cl PVC
...............................................4 mol
Vy n
metan
=
4.2.1 00
H
= 16 mol n
kk
=
1 6.1 00
8 0
= 20 mol V
kk
= 448 lt.
Cu 11: p n C.
Ta c este no, n chc, mch h: C
n
H
2n
O
2
.
p dng LBT nguyn t [O]: ta c: n
este
+ 2n
O
2
= 2n
CO
2
+ n
H
2
O
(*)
M n
CO
2
= n
O
2
= n.n
este
(*) 2 + 2.n = 2.n + n n = 2.
Vy CTPT este: C
2
H
4
O
2
(HCOOCH
3
).
Cu 12: p n A.
Cu 13: p n A.
Ta c n
glucozo b
= 5/3 mol; n
ancol
= 2 mol n
glucozo p.
= 1 mol.
Vy H = 60%.
Cu 14: p n B.
Cu 15: p n B.
Pht biu ng: (a), (b), (c).
Cu 16: p n B.
p dng LBTKL, ta c: m
hh
+ m
O
2
= m
CO
2
+ m
H
2
O
m
O
2
= 36,8g n
O
2
= 1,15 mol.
p dng LBT nguyn t [O]: ta c: n
O/hh
+ 2n
O
2
= 2n
CO
2
+ n
H
2
O
n
O/hh
= 0,55 mol.
M ta c n
CO
2
< n
H
2
O
Ancol no, n chc, mch h; n
ancol
= n
H
2
O
- n
CO
2
= 0,15 mol.
Ta c n
O/hh
= 2n
axit
+ n
ancol
n
axit
=
0,5 5-0,1 5
2
= 0,2 mol.
Suy ra s C

=
n
CO
2
n
hh
=
0,9
0,2+0,1 5
= 2,57
V n
axit
n
ancol
v s C

2,5 Ancol l C
2
H
5
OH v axit l C
3
H
6
O
2
(kim tra li tha.)
Vy este: C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
, m
este
= 0,15.(29 + 44 +29).60% = 9,18g.
Cu 17: p n B
- Lu ch c etilen mi lm mt mu dd Brom, PE khng lm mt mu dd Brom.
Ta c n
Br
2
= n
etilen d
= 0,225 mol.
Vy n
etilen p.
= 1 0,225 = 0,775 mol n
PE
= n
etilen p.
= 0,775 mol m
PE
= 21,7g; H = 77,5%.
Cu 18: p n D.
- Lu khi cho dd Y phn ng vi Cu khng thy sn phm kh ca N
+5
HNO
3
ht nn dd Y c th cha
Fe
3+
v Fe
2+
.
- Xt ton b qu trnh, ta thy sau phn ng thu c Fe
2+
v Cu
2+
v NO.
p dng LBT electron, ta c: 2n
Fe
+ 2n
Cu
= 3n
NO
2n
Fe
+ 2.0,0325 = 3.0,07 n
Fe
= 0,0725 mol m
Fe
=
4,06g.
Cu 19: p n B.
- Lu saccarozo d khng tham gia phn ng trng bc, nhng mantozo c tham gia phn ng trng bc.
Saccarozo
Glucozo
Fructozo
Saccarozo
H
+
, t
o
75%
Mantozo
2Glucozo
Mantozo
H
+
, t
o
75%

Vy n
GIucozo
= 0,03 mol; n
Frucotozo
= 0,015 mol; n
mantozo d
= 0,0025 mol
Suy ra n
Ag
= 2.( n
GIucozo
+ n
Frucotozo
+ n
mantozo d
) = 0,095 mol.
Cu 20: p n B.
Cu 21: p n D.
Ta c M
este
= 16.6,25 = 100 g/mol n
este
= 0,2 mol < n
KOH
Cht rn khan gm mui v KOH d.

Bi gii chi tit TongDaiHiep.Org
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M n
KOH d
= 0,1 mol m
KOH d
= 5,6g m
mui
= m
rn khan
m
KOH d
= 28 5,6 = 22,4g
Vy M
mui
= 112 g/mol CTPT mui: C
2
H
5
COOK CTPT este: C
2
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
.
Cu 22: p n D.
Cc ng phn tha mn ycb: HCOOC
2
H
4
OOCH; CH
3
OOC-COOCH
3
; HCOOCH
2
COOCH
3
;
CH
3
COOCH
2
OOCH; HCOO-CH(CH
3
)-OOCH.
Cu 23: p n C.
Thit lp CTPT ca amino axit no, mch h, mt nhm amino v 2 nhm carboxyl; i t CTPT ca axit no,
hai chc, mch h: C
n
H
2n-2
O
4
C
n
H
2n-3
O
4
NH
2
= C
n
H
2n-1
O
4
N.
Cu 24: p n D.
Cu 25: p n D.
- Lu khi Fe
2
O
3
phn ng vi HCl to thnh Fe
3+
s phn ng vi Cu to thnh ion Fe
2+
v Cu
2+
, m sau
phn ng vn cn cht rn d nn ton b Fe
3+
b kh thnh Fe
2+
.
Cu 26: p n B.
Cc p n chc ca C
3
H
6
O
2
: C
2
H
5
COOH; CH
3
COOCH
3
; HCOOC
2
H
5
.
Ta thy C
2
H
5
COOH phn ng c vi Na, NaOH, NaHCO
3
.
.CH
3
COOCH
3
v HCOOC
2
H
5
phn ng c vi NaOH.
5 phn ng xy ra.
Cu 27: p n D.
- S n-peptit to ra t hn hp gm k amino axit: k
n
.
+ S ipeptit to ra t hh gm 3 amino axit: 3
2
= 9.
- S n-peptit to ra t hn hp gm n amino axit: n!
Cu 28: p n B.
Cu 29: p n B.
- Trong pin in ha v in phn:
+ Cc catot: xy ra qu trnh kh; cc anot: xy ra qu trnh oxi ha.
- Cht oxi ha l cht c s oxi ha gim; cht nhn electron.
- Cht kh l cht c s oxi ha tng; cht cho electron.
Kh tng, oxh (oxi ha) gim.
- Qu trnh cht oxi ha b kh: qu trnh kh; s kh.
- Qu trnh cht kh b oxi ha: qu trnh oxi ha; s oxi ha.
Cu 30: p n B.
Cu 31: p n A.
- Pt (2), ta suy ra Z c cha 1 nhm COOH v Y c cha 1 nhm COONa.
- Pt (1), p dng LBT ng.t [O], ta tnh c s O trong 1 phn t l 3.
Vy Y c cha 1 nhm COONa v 1 nhm OH Z c cha 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm OH.
Suy ra n
H
2
= 0,1 mol.
Cu 32: p n D.
- Lu dd sau in phn vn cn mu xanh, nn CuSO
4
cn d Gi s CuSO
4
b phn x mol.
Catod (-) Anod (+)
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
x.2x..x
H
2
O 2H
+
+
1
2
O
2
+ 2e
2x mol

Vy m
dd gim
= m
Cu
+ m
O
2
= 64. x + 32.
1
2
x = 8 g x = 0,1 mol.
- Lu khi cho Fe vo dd Y th Fe s phn ng Cu
2+
trc, ri phn ng vi H
+
to thnh t qu trnh in
phn.
Ta c m
KL gim
= m
Fe p.
m
Cu to thnh
= 4,4 g 56.(n
Cu
2+

+
1
2
n
H
+) 64.n
Cu
= 4,4g n
Cu
2+ = 0,15 mol.
Vy n
Cu
2+ = n
CuSO
4
b
= n
Cu
2+
p
+ n
Cu
2+
sp
= 0,1 + 0,15 = 0,25 mol C
M
= 1,25M.

Bi gii chi tit TongDaiHiep.Org
Page 4

Cu 33: p n D.
Cu 34: p n D.
Cu + AgNO
3
Ran X
Dd Y Cu
2+
Ag
+
Zn
Ran Z
Cu
Ag
Zn du (neu co)

Cch 1:
V hiu sut phn ng Cu vi dd AgNO
3
< 100%, nn gi s mol Cu phn ng vi dd AgNO
3
l y mol v
mol Cu ban u l x mol.
Cu + 2Ag
+
Cu
2+
+ 2Ag
y..2y...y.2y
Vy rn X gm 2y mol Ag v (x y) mol Cu (d); dd Y gm y mol Cu
2+
v (0,08 2y) mol Ag
+
.
Sau cho dd Y phn ng vi Zn, ta thy Zn d.
Nn m
KL tng
= m
Ag
+ m
Cu
m
Zn p.
= 108.(0,08 2y) + 64.y 65.(y + 0,5.(0,08 2y)) = 10,53 5,85
y = 0,009 mol (c sai s do lm trn).
M m
X
= m
Cu
+ m
Ag
= (x 0,009).64 + 2.0,009.108 = 7,76g x = 0,1 mol.
Suy ra m
Cu b
= 0,1.64 = 6,4g.
Cch 2:
Xt bi nh bi: Cho 5,85g Zn v m gam Cu vo 400 ml dd AgNO
3
0,2M. Sau mt thi gian phn ng
thu c (7,76 + 10,53)g cht rn.
Vy ta thy Zn d, nn cht rn gm 0,08 mol Ag v m gam Cu v Zn d 0,05 mol.
Ta c: m
rn
= m
Ag
+ m
Cu
+ m
Zn d
7,76 + 10,53 = 108.0,08 + m + 65.0,05 m = 6,4g.
Cu 35: p n C.
Cu 36: p n C.
Cu 37: p n D.
Cu 38: p n A.
- Lu th t u tin phn ng: Trung ha (H
+
+ OH
-
) > Trao i > Oxi ha kh.
Phn ng u tin l phn ng trao i to AgCl.
Ta c n
CI
-= 0,24 mol; n
Ag
+= 0,4 mol Ag
+
cn d 0,16 mol sau khi to ta AgCl.
Phn ng tip theo xy ra l phn ng oxi ha kh gia Fe
2+
v Ag
+
.
Fe
2+
+ Ag
+
Fe
3+
+ Ag
0,120,16
Vy n
Ag
= 0,12 mol.
Suy ra m
kt ta
= m
AgCl
+ m
Ag
= 0,24.(108 + 35,5) + 0,12.108 = 47,4g.
Cu 39: p n A.
Ta c n
Ala
= 0,32mol; n
Ala-Ala
= 0,2 mol; n
Ala-Ala-Ala
= 0,12 mol.
p dng LBT nguyn t [N], ta c: 4n
tetrapeptit
= n
Ala
+ 2n
Ala-Ala
+ 3n
Ala-Ala-Ala
= 1,08 mol n
tetrapeptit
= 0,27
mol
Vy m
tetrapeptit
= 0,27.(89.4 18.3) = 81,54g.
Cu 40: p n C.
Ta c n
X
= n
NaOH
= 0,02 mol X c 1 nhm carboxyl n
mui
= 0,02 mol M
mui
= 125 g/mol
M
amino axit
= M
mui
22 = 103 g/mol.
Mt khc, ta c n
X
= n
HCl
= 0,4 ml X c 1 nhm amino.
Vy CTPT ca X: C
4
H
9
O
2
N (5p).
Cu 41: p n A.
- Peptit mch h phn t cha hai lin kt peptit CO-NH- c gi l dipeptit tripeptit.

Bi gii chi tit TongDaiHiep.Org
Page 5

Cu 42: p n C.
- Lu cho Fe d, v phn ng xy ra hon ton nn s dng tng/ gim khi lng.
p dng tng/ gim khi lng, ta c: m
Kl tng
= (108 56.
1
2
).n
Ag
+ + (64 56).n
Cu
2+ = 2g.
Cu 43: p n C.
- Thy phn este thu c sn phm c kh nng trng gng Este c dng HCOOR; HCOOCH=CH-R;
RCOOCH=CH-R.
Ta c bt bo ha ca C
4
H
6
O
2
= 2 Este khng no, n chc, mch h.
Cc CTCT ha mn ycb: HCOOC=C-C (2p cis-; trans-); HCOOC-C=C; HCOO- C(C) =C; C-COO-C=C.
- Lu khi no bi yu cu ng cu to th khng xt ng phn lp th; khi bi hi c bao nhiu
cht ng vi CTPT hay s ng ca cht c CTPT th xt lun p lp th.
Cu 44: p n C.
V X l hp cht hu c n chc nn ancol to thnh l ancol n chc n
ancol
= 2n
H
2
= 0,3 mol < n
KOH
=
0,2 mol.
Vy hh X gm 1 este v 1 axit.
Cu 45: p n A.
- Cc kiu mng tinh th v lc lin kt.
Kiu mng tinh th Lin kt Tiu phn V d
Kim loi Kim loi Kim loi Fe, Al, Cr, Zn,
Ion Ion Mui (KL-PK)
NaCl, KCl, (ngoi tr
AlCl
3
v BeCl
2
)
Phn t Van der Waals Hp cht PK-PK H
2
O; HF, HCl, Cl
2
, I
2

Nguyn t Cng ha tr
n phi kim, hoc hp
cht ca nguyn t nhm
IV A.
C, Si, CO
2
, SiO
2
,

Cu 46: p n D.
Gi s m
dd H
2
SO
4
= 100g n
H
2
SO
4
= 0,25 mol.
Vy ta c C%
MSO4
=
0,25.(M+96)
1 00+0,25.(M+1 6)
. 1uu% = 33,33% M = 64 g/mol (Cu).
Cu 47: p n C.
V HNO
3
d v phn ng xy ra hon ton, nn ta c n
NO
3
-
muoI
= n
e cho
= n
e nhn
= 0,04 mol.
Vy m
mui
= m
KL
+ m
NO
3
-
muoI
= 2,8 + 0,04.62 = 5,28g.
Cu 48: p n C.
Cu 49: p n A.
- Tinh v xenlulozo khng phi l ng phn ca nhau.
Cu 50: p n C.
Ta c n
glucozo
= 0,15 mol n
Ag
= 2n
glucozo
= 0,3 mol m
Ag
= 32,4g.

Cu 51: p n B.
- in phn dd n khi dd ht mu xanh, l in phn ht ion Cu
2+
.
Catot (-) Anot (+)
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
2Cl
-
Cl
2
+ 2e
H
2
O 2H
+
+
1
2
O
2
+ 2e

p dng s ng cho or gii hpt, ta tm c n
CI
2
= 0,1mol; n
O
2
= 0,05 mol.
Vy n
e cho
= 2n
CI
2
+ 4n
O
2
= 0,4 mol = n
e nhn
= 2n
Cu
2+ n
Cu
2+= 0,2 mol.
Suy ra n
NaCl
= 2n
CI
2
= 0,2mol; n
Cu(NO
3
)
2
= n
Cu
2+= 0,2 mol m
hh
= 49,3g.

Bi gii chi tit TongDaiHiep.Org
Page 6

Cu 52: p n C.
- Pht biu ng: (a), (d), (g).
Pht biu (b) sai v glucozo v frutozo chuyn ha ln nhau trong mi trng kim.
Pht biu (c) sai v glucozo v fructozo u tham gia phn ng trng bc, nn th phn bit c.
Pht biu (e) sai v fructozo tn ti trogn dd dng , vng 5 or 6 cnh.
Cu 53: p n A.
- ch yu cu cht bo no, nn loi axit oelic v axit axetic ra khi hh. Vy cc cht bo tha mn ycb:
tristearin; tripanmitin;
(C
17
H
35
COO)
2
C
3
H
5
-OOCC
15
H
31
(2p); (C
15
H
31
COO)
2
-C
3
H
5
-OOCC
17
H
35
(2p).
Cu 54: p n B.
p n A Mch vng.
p n B Mch h.
p n C Nhiu nhm OH lin k.
Cu 55: p n D.
- in phn n khi catot xut hin bt kh va in phn ht ion Cu
2+
.
Cu 56: p n A.
- Zn c tnh kh ln hn nn cho electron, ng vai tr cht kh b oxi ha: Qu trnh oxi ha Anot (-).
Cu 57: p n D.
Ch s axit = 7: trung ha 1g cht bo th cn 7 mg KOH.
Vy trung ha 15g cht bo th cn 105 mg KOH = 75 mg NaOH.
Cu 58: p n C.
Cu 59: p n D.
Ta c E
Cu-Ag
o
= E
Ag
+
Ag
o
E
Cu
2+
Cu
o

M E
Zn-Cu
o
= E
Cu
2+
Cu
o
E
Zn
2+
Zn
o
E
Cu
2+
Cu
o
= 0,34 V
Vy E
Cu-Ag
o
= 0,46V.
Cu 60: p n B.
Ta c
n-Peptit + nNaOH Mui + H
2
O
Tetrapeptit + 4NaOH Hn hp mui + H
2
O
p dng LBTKL, ta c: m
X
+ m
NaOH
= m
Mui
+ m
nc
m
X
+ 0,3.40 = 34,95 + 18.0,075 m
X
= 24,3g.

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