Multi-Protocol Label Switching

Nguyn Xun Hong

Khoa Vin Thng 1 - PTIT
Ni dung
ng lc ra i
C bn v MPLS
Cc thnh phn v giao thc
Hot ng
Kin trc chng giao thc
u nhc im, ng dng ca MPLS
ng c ra i
IP
Giao thc c s dng ph bin nht
L giao thc duy nht c s dng cho mng
Internet
Mng Internet ang pht trin vi mt tc rt
nhanh
tuy nhin IP c cc nhc im sau
ng c ra i(tip)
Nhc im ca nh tuyn IP
Connectionless
- khng h tr QoS, khng h tr phn loi dch v
Mi router phi thc hin cng vic tm ng i
cho mi gi tin da trn a ch IP ch. tc
chm dn n kh m rng mng
Thng s dng phng thc tm ng i ngn
nht
- Khng quan tm n cc tham s khc (ti, QoS)
iu khin lu lng km
ng c ra i(tip)
nh tuyn IP hop by hop
47.1
47.2
47.3
IP 47.1.1.1
D e s t O u t
4 7 . 1 1
4 7 . 2 2
4 7 . 3 3
1
2
3
D e s t O u t
4 7 . 1 1
4 7 . 2 2
4 7 . 3 3
1
2
1
2
3
IP 47.1.1.1
IP 47.1.1.1
IP 47.1.1.1
D e s t O u t
4 7 . 1 1
4 7 . 2 2
4 7 . 3 3
ng c ra i(tip)
ATM
connection oriented
- H tr QoS
Chuyn mch gi nhanh vi cc t bo c kch
thc c nh
C kh nng tch hp nhiu loi lu lng khc
nhau(voice, data, video)
tuy nhin ATM cng c cc nhc im
ng c ra i(tip)
Cc nhc im ca ATM
Phc tp
t
Cha c s dng ph bin
ng c ra i(tip)
Cn mt c ch chuyn gi cc nhanh y cc cng vic x l
gi phc tp ra ra mng
iu khin lu lng IP
Constraint-based Routing, h tr kiu nh tuyn ngun
Mng ring o VPN
C ch ng ngm (tunneling) iu khin c
Voice/Video qua mng IP
Bin thin tr +cc rng buc v QoS
Gii php ban u l IP over ATM
Phc tp, v c qu nhiu giao thc ng thi
Khng hiu qu, v phn mo u ATM kh ln so vi ti trng
Gi c thit b ATM kh t , khng ph bin
ng c ra i(tip)
Trc MPLS c cc cng ngh nh:
Cell switching router (Toshiba-1994)
IP Swiching (Ipsilon/Nokia-1996)
Tag Swiching (Cisco)
Aggregate Route-based IP Switching ARIS (IBM)
V c bn, cc cng ngh trn u da trn tng
phn tch gia cng vic nh tuyn lp 3 (routing)
vi cng vic chuyn gi lp 2 (forwarding), s dng
mt nhn c kch thc c nh tng tc chuyn
gi
ng c ra i(tip)
Thng 4-1997, nhm lm vic v MPLS ca IETF
c thnh lp
tng: Kt hp phng thc chuyn gi ca
ATM vi giao thc nh tuyn IP
Chuyn
mch knh
Chuyn
mch gi
Lai ghp
Tng quan v MPLS
ng lc ra i
C bn v MPLS
Cc thnh phn v giao thc
Hot ng
Kin trc chng giao thc
u nhc im, ng dng ca MPLS
C bn v MPLS
Multi Protocol Label Switching nm gia lp 2
v lp 3
C bn v MPLS(tip)
Cc c im ca MPLS
c lp vi cc giao thc lp 2 v lp 3
nh x(map) a ch IP vi nhn (label) c kch
thc khng i
Giao tip vi cc giao thc nh tuyn ang c
s dng trn mng IP (RSVP, OSPF)
H tr ATM, Frame-Relay v Ethernet
C cc c ch qun l cho cc lung lu lng vi
cc c tnh khc nhau (Flow Management)
Tng quan v MPLS
ng lc ra i
C bn v MPLS
Cc thnh phn v giao thc
Hot ng
Kin trc chng giao thc
u nhc im, ng dng ca MPLS
Cc thut ng c dng trong MPLS
LER - Label Edge Router
LSR - Label Switch Router
FEC - Forward Equivalence Class
Label lin kt mt gi vi mt FEC
Label Stack Ngn xp cc nhn.
Label Switch Path - ng i m mt gi thuc v mt FEC s i
qua
LDP - Label Distribution Protocol, s dng phn phi thng tin
v nhn gia cc node mng MPLS
Label Swapping - x l nhn chuyn gi t ngun ti ch.
Nhn
C di c nh, ngn (32 bit), c chc nng
phn bit mt gi thuc vo mt FEC no ,
ch c gi tr ti ch (local)
cc node mng k nhau hiu c mi quan
h gia mt nhn vi mt FEC, cn giao thc
phn phi nhn LDP
C th mt gi c thm nhiu nhn, gi l
ngn xp nhn h tr chc nng mng ring
o (VPN)
Nhn
Khun dng tng qut
Nhn (tip)
Cc thnh phn trong mng MPLS
Label Edge Router - LER
Nm ra ca mng MPLS, c nhim v: Phn
loi FEC, gn nhn vo gi cng nh g nhn
ra khi gi
H tr cc giao din kt ni vi cc mng khc
nhau nh Frame relay, ATM, v Ethernet.
Label Switching Router - LSR
L router tc cao, nm li ca mng
MPLS
Cc chuyn mch ATM c th c s dng
nh cc LSRs m khng cn thay i v phn
cng. Chuyn mch nhn tng ng vi
chuyn mch ATM s dng VP/VC.
Chc nng ca LER & LSR
Forward Equivalence Class - FEC
L mt nhm cc gi tin c chung cc c tnh,
c cc router (LSR) i x nh nhau.
Vic gn mt gi tin nht nh vo mt FEC
c thc hin mt ln duy nht khi gi tin bt
u i vo mng MPLS
FEC (tip)
Mt gi c th c nh x vo mt FEC da
trn cc tiu ch sau::
destination IP address,
source IP address,
TCP/UDP port,
Loi dch v,
ng dng,

Kt hp ca cc tiu ch trn.
Label-Switched Paths - LSPs
L ng i c thit lp trc khi bt u
thc hin vic gi thng tin.
Mt FEC s c gn vi mt ng i
LSP (tip)
MPLS cung cp 2 phng thc thit lp mt LSP
nh tuyn hop-by-hop
Mi LSR s t chn ra mt node tip theo cho mi FEC. Cc
LSR c th s dng cc giao thc nh tuyn ca mng IP nh
OSPF, BGP. ng i ca nhn cng l ng i ca gi tin
c nh tuyn theo cch thng thng
nh tuyn ngun (explicit routing)
LSR ra mng s xc nh nn danh sch cc node (ng i)
m cc gi tin s i qua. C 2 cch l CR-LDP v RVSP m
rng
ng i (LSP) cho mi FEC l theo mt hng
(unidirectional). Lu lng chiu ngc li phi i trn mt
LSP khc!
Label Distribution Protocol - LDP
Phn phi nhn m bo cc router gn nhau c cng mt
ci nhn chung v mi quan h gia FEC v vic gn nhn
Routing Table:
Addr-prefix Next Hop
47.0.0.0/8 LSR2
Routing Table:
Addr-prefix Next Hop
47.0.0.0/8 LSR2
LSR1
LSR2
LSR3
IP Packet 47.80.55.3
Routing Table:
Addr-prefix Next Hop
47.0.0.0/8 LSR3
Routing Table:
Addr-prefix Next Hop
47.0.0.0/8 LSR3
For 47.0.0.0/8
use label 17
Label Information Base:
Label-In FEC Label-Out
17 47.0.0.0/8 XX
Label Information Base:
Label-In FEC Label-Out
17 47.0.0.0/8 XX
Label Information Base:
Label-In FEC Label-Out
XX 47.0.0.0/8 17
Label Information Base:
Label-In FEC Label-Out
XX 47.0.0.0/8 17
Bc 1: LSR to ra mi quan h gia
FEC v gi tr nhn
Bc 2: LSR trao i mi quan
h vi LSR k n
Bc 3: LSR chn gi tr
nhn vo bng chuyn tip nhn
Cc LSR phi nht qun l mt nhn ang thuc FEC no? !
Phn phi nhn c th i nh (piggyback) trn giao thc nh tuyn hin
c,hoc thng qua mt giao thc phn phi nhn ring (LDP)
LDP (tip)
LSR1
LSR2
Label Distribution c th s dng mt trong 2 phng php sau:
Label Distribution c th s dng mt trong 2 phng php sau:
Downstream Label Distribution
Label-FEC Binding
LSR2 v LSR1 c gi l LDP k cn (LSR2 l
downstream LSR)
Gi s l LSR2 tm c next hop cho mt
FEC
LSR2 to mt nhn cho FEC v trao i vic gn
nhn cho LSR1
LSR1 chn mi quan h vo bng chuyn tip
nhn ca n
Nu LSR2 l next hop ca FEC, LSR1 c th dng
nhn v yn tm l LSR2 hiu c nhn
LSR1
LSR2
Downstream-on-Demand Label Distribution
Label-FEC Binding
LSR1 bit LSR2 l next-hop ca mt FEC
LSR1 gi mt yu cu ti LSR2 hi v mi quan h
gia FEC v mt nhn
Nu LSR2 nhn ra FEC v c next hop cho n,
LSR2 s gn nhn cho FEC v tr li cho LSR1
Request for Binding
LSP v LDP (hop by hop routing)
Intf
In
Label
In
Dest Intf
Out
Label
Out
3 0.50 44.1 1 0.40


44.1
44.2
44.3
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
3
Intf
In
Dest Intf
Out
Label
Out
3 44.1 1 0.50


M
app
ing: 0.4
0
Request: 44.1
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
:

0
.
5
0
R
e
q
u
e
s
t
:

4
4
.
1
IP 44.1.1.1
IP 44.1.1.1
Intf
In
Label
In
Dest Intf
Out
3 0.40 44.1 1


Label Edge Router
Label Edge Router
Core Network
LSP v LDP (explicit routing)
Intf
In
Label
In
Dest Intf
Out
3 0.40 44.1 1


Intf
In
Label
In
Dest Intf
Out
Label
Out
3 0.50 44.1 1 0.40


44.1
44.2
44.3
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
3
Intf
In
Dest Intf
Out
Label
Out
3 44.1.1 2 1.33
3 44.1 1 0.50


IP 44.1.1.1
IP 44.1.1.1
K thut iu khin lu lng
(Traffic Engineering)
Trong mng MPLS, iu khin lu lng c thc hin
thng qua cc ng i c nh tuyn ngun (explicitly
routed paths).
Cc LSPs khc nhau c to ra c lp vi nhau, ty theo
cc chnh sch m ngi s dng yu cu.
Hai phng php cho php iu khin lu lng v h tr
QoS trong mng MPLS l RSVP-TE v CR-
LDP(constraint based routing)
RSVP-TE
Yu cu cc iu kin v lu lng v bng tn
trn mt ng xc nh
Nhc im:
Cn phi lm ti theo nh k dn n tiu tn ti
nguyn mng
Kh nng m rng mng km. V cc node mng
cn phi h tr RSVP, yu cu kh nng x l
mnh
CR-LDP
Cn nhc cc tham s lin quan n c tnh
ca ng truyn nh bandwidth, delay, vv,
hop count, v c QoS.
Mt ng i xa hn (v mt gi c) nhng c
ti (loaded) t hn vn c th l ng c
chn.
Nhc im: lm cho tnh ton tuyn phc tp
hn
Tng quan v MPLS
ng lc ra i
C bn v MPLS
Cc thnh phn v giao thc
Hot ng
Kin trc chng giao thc
u nhc im, ng dng ca MPLS
Hot ng ca mng MPLS
mt gi tin truyn qua mng MPLS, cn tri
qua cc bc sau.
To v phn phi nhn
To ra cc bng chuyn nhn ti mi router
To ra cc ng chuyn nhn (LSP)
Tm kim trong bng/Chn nhn mi
Chuyn gi tin
Bc 1
To v phn phi nhn
u tin cc router phi quyt nh gn nhn cho mt FEC
v xy dng bng chuyn nhn cho FEC . Bng chuyn
nhn c th thng qua hop by hop hoc explicit routing
Thng qua LDP, downstream routers s bt u vic phn
phi nhn v thng tin v mi quan h gia nhn v FEC.
Ngoi ra, cc c tnh v lu lng cng c th c m
phn thng qua LDP.
Bc 2
To bng chuyn nhn
Khi nhn c thng tin v mi quan h nhn/FEC
(c gi l label bindings) t LSR khc chuyn
n, mi LSR s to ra mt bng chuyn nhn gi
l label information base (LIB).
Bng chuyn nhn cho bit nh x gia mt nhn
v mt FEC.
nh x gia mt cng vo v nhn u vo vi mt
cng ra v nhn u ra.
Ni dung ca bng c cp nht sau mi ln qu trnh
trao i thng tin v nhn gia cc node xy ra
V d v bng chuyn nhn (LIB Table)
Input Port
Incoming
Port Label
Output Port
Outgoing
Port Label
1 3 3 6
2 9 1 7
V d v hot ng ca mng MPLS
Bc 3
To ra cc ng chuyn nhn (Label Switched
Path-LSP)
Cc ng chuyn nhn c to theo hng
ngc li vi qu trnh to bng chuyn nhn
V d v hot ng ca mng MPLS
Bc 4
Tra cu bng/chn nhn mi
Router u tin trong min MPLS (LER1) gn nhn
cho mt FECv s dng bng LIB tm ra ng
i tip theo.
Cc router tip theo ch cn dng nhn chuyn
gi (thng qua nhn tm ng i cho gi).
Khi gi tin n router cui cng trong min MPLS
(Egress LSR - LER4), nhn s c g ra v gi s
c chuyn tip ti ch.
V d v hot ng ca mng MPLS
Bc 5
Chuyn gi
LER1 c th cha c nhn cho mt gi v gi l gi u
tin n. Trong mng IP, n s tm kim trong bng nh
tuyn mt ng i cho gi tin da trn a ch IP. Gi s
LSR1 l node tip theo ca gi tin
LER1 s gi mt yu cu v nhn n LSR1.
Yu cu ny s c truyn qua mng nh ng mu xanh
l trn hnh v.
Bc 5 (tip)
Mi router trung gian s nhn c mt nhn t node pha
sau n gi ti (downstream router), bt u t LER4 cho n
LER1. ng chuyn nhn c thit lp nh ng mu
xanh lc trn hnh v thng qua LDP hoc mt giao thc bo
hiu. Nu yu cu iu khin lu lng, c th s dng CR
LDP thit lp ng i ti u ng thi m bo cc yu
cu v QoS/CoS.
LER1 s chn nhn v gi gi tin ti LSR1.
Bc 5 (tip)
Cc LSR tip theo, (LSR2 v LSR3), s kim tra
nhn trong gi tin nhn c, thay th nhn bng
mt nhn mi v chuyn tip gi tin ti node tip
theo.
Khi gi tin n LER4, n s g nhn ra khi gi v
chuyn tip gi tin i(c th l n router ch hoc
i ra mt mng khng h tr MPLS).
ng i thc t ca thng tin c th hin bng
cc ng mu trn hnh v.
V d v hot ng ca mng MPLS
MPLS Protocol Stack Architecture
MPLS v ATM
S dng phn cng ATM chuyn mch nhn
Thay phn mm ca ATM bng phn mm IP/MPLS
IP Routing
MPLS
ATM HW
MPLS v ATM
Chuyn mch nhn c dng chuyn gi tin lp 3
S dng chuyn mch ATM vi giao thc nh tuyn lp 3
Label Switching Router
IP Packet
17
IP Packet
05
B
A
D
C
Forwarding
Table
B 17 C 05

Port
Forwarding
Table
Network Layer
Routing
(eg. OSPF, BGP4)
Label
Cc gi c chuyn i bng cch
chuyn mch cc nhn
(I.e. ATM technique)
Cc gi c chuyn i bng cch
chuyn mch cc nhn
(I.e. ATM technique)
ng i gi tin c tnh ton thng
qua giao thc nh tuyn lp 3
(I.e. TCP/IP technique)
ng i gi tin c tnh ton thng
qua giao thc nh tuyn lp 3
(I.e. TCP/IP technique)
Label
u im ca MPLS
Nng cao tc chuyn gi
H tr QoS v kh nng phn bit dch v
H tr kh nng m rng mng (network
scalability)
Tch hp IP v ATM trong cng mt mng
Cho php hot ng vi nhiu kiu giao thc
lp 2 v lp 3
Nhc im MPLS
Thm mt lp mi
Router phi h tr MPLS
Mt s ti liu tham kho
http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/mpls/index.html
http://www.iaik.tu-
graz.ac.at/teaching/03_advanced%20computer%20network
s/ss2004/vo3/MPLS.pdf
http://ica1www.epfl.ch/cn2/0304/doc/lecture/mpls.pdf
Thank you!