You are on page 1of 11

LOI BI TP

1. Cu to nguyn t: Quan h s p, s n, s e
Th tch v Bn knh nguyn t tnh ra
Mng tinh th (s nguyn t v cnh trng !"n v# c" s$%
&t nh'n v ph(ng ) (h*ng s ph(ng ), nin !i v+t c,%
2. Cu to phn t: -h.ng cch c/a cc nguyn t trng !0ng ph'n h1nh h2c
M3en 456ng c7c
3. ng h!: 8'n 9*ng h(a h2c
Tc !: ph.n ;ng
". #h$%t h&' h!: <hit ph.n ;ng
8hi=u >i?n 9i@n c/a ph.n ;ng
(. )ung *+!h ,$%n -$: <0ng !: >ung >#ch
p& c/a >ung >#ch
.. $%n h&' h!: Ain
Bin ph'n
/. L0p !1ng th2! phn t 34 56! ,+nh nguyn t7
8. 96! ,+nh th4nh ph:n ; !<' h=n h>p
? 9@AT
1. Ti CD
E
8, ph.n ;ngF
8&G8HH& I 8C&DH&


8&G8HH8C&D I &CH c( h*ng s c'n 9*ng - J K
Ban !Lu ng5Mi ta tr:n N,E 34 8C&DH& vOi E,P 34 8&G8HH&Q Tnh s 34 este thu
!5Rc khi ph.n ;ng !t tOi trng thi c'n 9*ngQ
8&G8HH& I 8C&DH&


8&G8HH8C&D I &CH
Ah.n ;ng ) )
S T N U ) E,P U ) ) )
- J
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
3 2 5 2
2 5 3
CH COOC H H O
C H OH CH COOH

2
x
(1 x)(0,6 x)
J K
G)
C
P,K) I C,K J E )N J E,KVDD v )C J N,PK W N
X+y, s 34 este thu !5Rc khi ph.n ;ng !t tOi trng thi c'n 9*ng J E,KVDD
1. Ti KEE
E
8, A J NEat3 ph.n ;ng <C(k% I G&C(k%


C<&G (k% c( -p J N,PK NE
K
Q
T13 Y th tch <&G $ trng thi c'n 9*ng, gi. thi@t 4Zc !Lu <C(k% v &C(k% c( t[ 4 s
34 the !Zng h s c/a ph5"ng tr1nhQ
<C(k% I G&C(k%


C<&G (k%
The AT&&F
2 2
2 2
N N
H H
P n
1
P n 3

The gtF A
3
NH I A
2
N I A
2
H J NE
A
3
NH I KA
2
N J NE
DB
X Ta c(F -p J
3
2 2
2
NH
3
N H
(P )
(P )(P )
J
2
NH
3
3
N N
2 2
(P )
(P )(3P )
J N,PK NE
K

3
2
NH
2
N
P
(P )

P,PDNE
C
Q
\i.i pt chF P,PD NE
C
(A
2
N %
C
I KA
2
N NE J E A
2
N J C,KEK v A
2
N J PC,DD ] E
X+y, A
2
N J C,KEK A
3
NH J NE KA
2
N J E,GVK at3 chi@3 G,VKY
2. &^n hRp G ki3 4i _e, `4, 8u nang Nb,K ga3Q <@u h tan h^n hRp 9*ng a)it &CcHK 4dng >5
th1 tht ra V,eP >3
G
&C ($ !kc%Q 8fn n@u h tan h^n hRp 9*ng a)it &CcHK !ac n(ng, >5 th1
tht ra NC,GC >3
G
cHC ($ !ktc%Q Tnh khi 45Rng 3^i ki3 4i 9an !LuQ
8u khgng tan trng &CcHK 4dng Q
_e I &CcHK _ecHK I &C
C`4 I G&CcHK `4C(cHK%G I G&C
&CcHK !ac n(ng h tan c. G ki3 4i F
C_e I P&CcHK _eC(cHK%G I GcHC I P&CH
C`4 I P&CcHK `4C(cHK%G I GcHC I P&CH
8u I C&CcHK 8ucHK I cHC I C&CH
c 34 &C J E,K h s 34 cHC J E,DD
& G ph5"ng tr1nh F DP) I Cby I PKi J Nb,K
) I N,Dy J E,K
N,D) I N,Dy I i J E,DD
\i.i h ph5"ng tr1nh ch F ) J E,N h y J E,C h i J E,N
j5Rng _e 9*ng D,Pga3 h `4 J D,Kga3 h 8u J P,Kga3
2. &^n hRp G ki3 4i `4, _e, 8uQ & tan a ga3 h^n hRp 9*ng a)it sunkuric !ac n(ng
vla !/ th1 tht ra ND,PV >3
G
cHC (!kc% v nh+n !5Rc >ung >#ch mQ 8hia !gi m, N na
!e3 cg cn nh+n !5Rc KD,N ga3 3ui khan, cfn N na th3 <aH& >5 r0i 42c k@t t/a
nung trng khgng kh !@n 45Rng khgng !,i c'n nang NC ga3Q T13 a v khi 45Rng
3^i ki3 4iQ
C_e I P&CcHK _eC(cHK%G I GcHC I P&CH
C`4 I P&CcHK `4C(cHK%G I GcHC I P&CH
8u I C&CcHK 8ucHK I cHC I C&CH
j5Rng G 3ui sunkat J KD,N ) C J eE,C ga3 v s 34 cHC J E,b34
_eC(cHK%G I P<aH& C_e(H&%G I G<aCcHK
`4C(cHK%G I P<aH& C`4(H&%G I G<aCcHK
8ucHK I C<aH& 8u(H&%C I <aCcHK
`4(H&%G I <aH& <a`4HC I C&CH
-@t t/a 42c !5Rc ch[ cfn _e(H&%G v 8u(H&%C
C_e(H&%G _eCHG I G&CH
8u(H&%C 8uH I &CH
NC ) C J CKga3 4 t,ng 45Rng C )it _eCHGI8uH
& G ph5"ng tr1nh F N,D) I N,Dy I i J E,b
CEE) I NbNy I NPEi J eE,C
VE) I VEi J CK
\i.i h ch ) J E,C h y J E,C h i J E,N
cuy ra 45Rng _e J NN,Cga3 h `4 J D,Kga3 h 8u J P,Kga3
CT
DB
(cn cc bi 40, 64, 79, 94 Sch bi dng ha hc THCS )
2. &^n hRp g03 _e84G, Mg84C, 8u84C hfa tan trng n5Oc !5Rc >ung >#ch mQ
8h m tc >nng vOi <aCc >5 tch ra 3:t 45Rng k@t t/a 3NQ <@u ch 3:t 45Rng >5 &Cc tc
>nng vOi m tch ra 3:t 45Rng k@t t/a 3CQ Th7c nghi3 ch 9i@t 3N J C,DN3CQ
<@u gio nguyn 45Rng cc chpt Mg84C, 8u84C trng m v thay _e84G 9*ng _e84C cqng
45Rng r0i hfa tan trng n5Oc th1 !5Rc >ung >#ch rQ
8h r tc >nng vOi <aCc >5 tch ra 3:t 45Rng k@t t/a 3GQ <@u ch 3:t 45Rng >5 &Cc tc
>nng vOi r tch ra 3:t 45Rng k@t t/a 3KQ Th7c nghi3 ch 9i@t 3G J G,GP3KQ
mc !#nh Y khi 45Rng 3^i 3ui trng h^n hRp 9an !LuQ
Mg84C I <aCc I C&CH Mg(H&%C I &Cc I C<a84
C_e84G I G<aCc C_ec I c I P<a84
8u84C I <aCc 8uc I C<a84
Mg84C I &Cc khgng ph.n ;ng
C_e84G I &Cc C_e84C I c I C&84
8u84C I &Cc 8uc I C&84
Bat s 34 cc 3ui 4Ln 45Rt 4 ), y, iQ Ta c(F
y
58x 88y 32 96z
2
16y 96z
+ + +
+
J C,DN DV) I PG,VKy J NKK,ePi (N%
c 34 _e84C J
162,5y
127
J N,CVy
_e84C I <aCc _ec I C<a84
_e84C I &Cc khgng ph.n ;ng
58x 88 1,28y 96z
96z
+ +
J G,GP DV) I NNC,PKy J CCP,DPi (C%
\i.i (N% v (C% ch KV,Vy J VN,Pi
8i i J NV,V th1 y J KV,V v ) J GC,ND
YMg84C J
95 32,15
100%
95 32,15 162,5 81,6 135 48,8

+ +
J NG,GY
Tnh t5"ng t7 !5RcF Y8u84C J CV,bPY v Y_e84G J Db,eDY
2. M:t h^n hRp 9:t ki3 4i c( kh. nsng g03 Mg, `4, cnQ &fa tan h@t E,bD ga3 h^n hRp
9*ng >ung >#ch &84 >5 thpy tht ra bVK 34 &C (! $ !ktc%Q <@u !t chy hn tn E,bD
ga3 h^n hRp trng )i >5 th1 thu !5Rc N,GN ga3 )itQ mc !#nh Y khi 45Rng 3^i ki3 4i
trng h^n hRpQ
Mg I C&84 Mg84C I &C
C`4 I P&84 C`484G I G&C
cn I C&84 cn84C I &C
CMg I H
C

0
t

CMgH
K`4 I GH
C

0
t

C`4
C
H
G

cn I CH
C

0
t

cnH
C

c 34 &C J E,EGD
& ptF CK) I Cby I NNei J E,bD (), y, i 4 s 34 tlng ki3 4i%
) I
3
2
y I i J E,EGD
KE) I NEC
y
2
I NVGi J N,GN
\i.i h pt chF ) J E,EC h y J E,EN h i J E
X+y, h^n hRp khgng c( cn v Y Mg J
0,02 24
100%
0,75

J PKY h Y`4 J GPY



3. Mt !" t#$n %&y t' #$n( )n( *+$ n(,- P.%-n/x-$n *0 t1- H$ O$- *2
t3* ) %4 13,6 5#6n #+y
14
C t78n( 1 (-6y t9n# :;- 1,0 ($ *$*<8n= B->t
t78n( 1,0 ($ *$*<8n )$n( t?n t1- *2 15,3 5#6n #+y
14
C t78n( 1 (-6y
:4 *#" @A <Bn #+y *+$
14
C %4 5730 nC = HDy *#8 <->t n-/n )1- *+$ E"
t#$n )2F
&*ng s ph(ng )F k J
1
2
%n2
t
J
0,693
5730

<in !i c/a 3tu than t J
0
t
N 1 5730 15,3
%n %n
@ N 0,693 13,6

J ebG,VV (ns3%
3. M:t 3tu than 4py tl hang !:ng $ vqng nZi ! vgi t[nh &fa B1nh c( e,K ph'n h/y
14
8Q hdy
ch 9i@t ng5Mi Xit c, !i !d t ra 3tu than !( cch !'y 9a nhiu ns3u Bi@t chu kv 9n
h/y c/a
14
8 4 DbGE ns3, trng kh wuyn c( ND,G ph'n h/y
14
8Q 8c s ph'n h/y n(i trn
!=u tnh vOi N,E ga3 cac9n, ).y ra trng N,E gi'yQ
&*ng s ph(ng )F k J
1
2
%n2
t
J
0,693
5730

<in !i c/a 3tu than t J
0
t
N 1 5730 15,3
%n %n
@ N 0,693 9,4

J GeVe,GC (ns3% KEEE (ns3%


<g5Mi Xit c, !i !d t ra 3tu than !( cch !'y kh.ng KEEE ns3

". 8pu h1nh e4ectrn ngi cqng c/a nguyn t c/a nguyn t m 4 Dp
D
Q T[ s n"trn v !in
tch ht nh'n 9*ng N,GePCQ c n"trn c/a m 9*ng G,b 4Ln s n"trn c/a nguyn t thu:c
nguyn t rQ -hi ch K,Ce ga3 r tc >nng vOi 45Rng >5 m thu !5Rc NV,CP ga3 s.n pht3 c(
cgng th;c mrQ mc !#nh !in tch ht nh'n c/a m, r v vi@t cpu h1nh e4ectrn c/a rQ
8pu h1nh !Ly !/ c/a m 4 S
36
-rT Ds
C
K>
NE
Dp
D
Q s xm J DG J s prtn
Mat khcF
x
x
n
5

N,GPeC nm J bK `m J pm I nm J DG I bK J NCb

x
y
n
n
J G,b nr J CE
m I r mr
DB
CT
DB
K,Ce NV,CP

G H G
4,29 18,26
+


G 127 G
4,29 18,26
+

r J Ge
`r J pr I nr Ge J pr I CE pr J Ne hay xr J Ne
8pu h1nh e4ectrn c/a r 4 S
18
`rT Ks
N
". M^i ph'n t 9B3 c( t,ng cc ht prtn, n"trn, e4ectrn 9*ng NePh trng !(, s ht 3ang
!in nhi=u h"n s ht khgng 3ang !in 4 PE, s ht 3ang !in c/a 9 t h"n s ht 3ang
!in c/a B 4 bPQ
$) &dy )c !#nh k hiu h h2c c/a 9,B v 9B3 Q
<) Xi@t cpu h1nh e4ectrn c/a nguyn t 9,BQ
a% - hiu s !"n v# !in tch ht nh'n c/a 9 4 x) , B 4 xy h s n"trn (ht khgng 3ang
!in% c/a 9 4 <) , B 4 <y Q XOi 9BG , ta c( cc ph5"ng tr1nhF
T,ng s 9a 4i htF C x) I P xy I <) I G <y J NeP (N%
C x) I P xy <) G <y J PE (C%
P xy C x) J bP (G%
8:ng (N% vOi (C% v nh'n (G% vOi C, ta c(F
K x) I NC xy J CDP (a%
NC xy Kx) J NDC (9%
xy J Nb h x) J NG
X+y m 4 nhg3, r 4 c4Q mrG 4 `484G Q
9% 8pu h1nh e4ectrnF C- F Ns
C
Cs
C
Cp
P
Gs
C
Gp
N
h C- F Ns
C
Cs
C
Cp
P
Gs
C
Gp
D

(. M:t 4i khng c( ch;a NG,bbY<ah b,NVYMgh Db,KVYHh C,GeY& v cfn 4i 4 nguyn t
m v= khi 45RngQ &dy )c !#nh cgng th;c ph'n tl c/a khng !(Q
&3 45Rng Ym J NEE U NG,bb U b,NV U Db,KV U C,Ge J Ne,NVY
8'n 9*ng )i h(a U kh trng hRp chptF

13,77 7,18 57,48 2,39 19,18
1 2 2 1 y
23 24 16 1 H
+ + + J E m J D,GGy
j+p 9.ng )ytF
r N C G K D P b V
m D,GG NE,PP QQQ QQQ QQQ GC
thpy ch[ c( y J P 4 thza 3dn m J GC c (45u huvnh%
<a F Mg F H F & F c J
13,77 7,18 57,48 2,39 19,18
I I I I
23 24 16 1 32
J C F N F NC F V F C
8gng th;c khngF <aCMgHNC&VcC <a
C
cH
K
QMgcH
K
QK&
C
H
(. M:t khng chpt c( ch;a CE,eGY<hg3h CN,bYci4ic v cfn 4i 4 )i v &i>r (v= khi
45Rng%Q &dy )c !#nh cgng th;c c/a khng chpt nyQ
Bat Y 45Rng H)i J a th1 Y 45Rng &i>r J Db,Gb U a
Ta c(F t{ 4 s nguyn t `4 F ci F H F & D
CE, eG CN, b a
F F F (Db, Gb a%
Cb CV NP

Mat khcF ph'n t khng chpt trung hfa !in nn
DB
CT
CT

CE, eG CN, b a
G K C (Db, Gb a% E
Cb CV NP
+ +
\i.i ph5"ng tr1nh ch a J DD,VC
cuy ra, `4 F ci F H F & D
CE, eG CN, b DD,VC
F F FN, DD
Cb CV NP
D C F C F e F K
X+y cgng th;c khng chpt `4CciCHe&K hay `4CHGQCciHCQC&CH (8a 4anh%
.. Tinh th !0ng ki3 4i c( cpu trZc 4+p ph5"ng t'3 >inQ
a% &dy v| cpu trZc 3ng t@ 9 c" s$ v ch 9i@t s nguyn t 8u ch;a trng t@ 9 s" !}ng
ny
9% Tnh cnh 4+p ph5"ng a(% c/a 3ng tinh th, 9i@t nguyn t 8u c( 9n knh 9*ng N,CV
c% mc !#nh kh.ng cch gLn nhpt gioa hai nguyn t 8u trng 3ng
>% Tnh khi 45Rng ring c/a 8u the g~c3
G
a% Mng t@ 9 c" s$ c/a 8u (h1nh 9n%
The h1nh v|, s nguyn t 8u 4
t3 ![nh 4+p ph5"ng J V
1
8
J N
P 3at 4+p ph5"ng J P
1
2
J G
X+y t,ng s nguyn t 8u ch;a trng t@
9 s" !.ng J N I G J K (nguyn t%
9% myt 3at 4+p ph5"ng `B8 ta c(F `8 J a 2 J K r
8u
a J
0
C"
4 7 4 1,28J
2 2


G,PG
c% -h.ng cch ngn nhpt gioa C nguyn t 4 !n `F
` J
JC $ 2
2 2
J C,DD
>% -hi 45Rng ringF I N 34 8u J PK ga3
I Th tch c/a N t@ 9 c" s$ J a
G
ch;a K nguyn t 8u
I N 34 8u c( <` J P,EC NE
CG
nguyn t
-hi 45Rng ring > J

K
J K
23 8 3
64
6,02 10 (3,63 10 )


J V,VV g~c3
G
.. ct >ng (_e

% k@t tinh trng 3ng 4+p ph5"ng t'3 khi, nguyn t c( 9n knh r J N,CK
= &dy tnhF
a% 8nh a c/a t@ 9 s" !}ng
9% T[ khi c/a _e the g~c3
G
Q
c% -h.ng cch ngn nhpt gioa hai nguyn t _e
8h _e J DP
a% Mng t@ 9 c" s$ c/a _e (h1nh v|%
The h1nh v|, s nguyn t _e 4
t3 ![nh 4+p ph5"ng J V
1
8
J N
A
B
C

a
!
A
B
C

a
C
A
B
!
!
a
C
A
B
!
CT
DB
t'3 4+p ph5"ng J N
X+y t,ng s nguyn t 8u ch;a trng t@ 9 s" !.ng J N I N J C (nguyn t%
9% Tl h1nh v|, ta c(F `
C
J a
C
I a
C
J Ca
C
)yt 3at `B8F `8
C
J a
C
I `
C
J Ga
C
3at khc, ta thpy `8 J Kr J a
3
nn a J
47
3
J
4 1,24
3

J C,VD
c% -h.ng cch ngn nhpt gioa C nguyn t 4 !n `F
` J
JC $ 3
2 2
J
2,85 3
2

J C,KPV
>% -hi 45Rng ringF I N 34 _e J DP ga3
I Th tch c/a N t@ 9 c" s$ J a
G
ch;a C nguyn t _e
I N 34 _e c( <` J P,EC NE
CG
nguyn t
-hi 45Rng ring > J

K
J C
23 8 3
56
6,02 10 (2,85 10 )


J b,eD g~c3
G
/. 8h r*ng ht nh'n nguyn t v chnh nguyn t & c( >ng h1nh cLuQ &t nh'n nguyn t
hi!r c( 9n knh gLn !Zng 9*ng NE
ND
3, 9n knh nguyn t hi!r 9*ng E,DG NE
NE
3Q
&dy )c !#nh khi 45Rng ring c/a ht nh'n v nguyn t hi!rQ
(ch khi 45Rng prtn J khi 45Rng n"trn N,PbC NE
Cb
kg
khi 45Rng e4ectrn J e,NEe NE
GN
kg%
-hi 45Rng ht nh'n nguyn t hi!r chnh 4 khi 45Rng c/a prtn J N,PbC NE
Cb
kg
I Th tch ht nh'n nguyn t hi!r 9*ng
X J
3
4 4
7
3 3
G,NK (NE
ND
%
G
J K,Ne NE
KD
(3
G
%
-hi 45Rng ring c/a ht nh'n nguyn t hi!r 9*ngF
J
27
45
1,672 10
4,19 10

J G,ee NE
V
(tpn~3
G
%
I Th tch gLn !Zng c/a nguyn t hi!r 4F
10 3
4 3,14 (0,53 10 )
3


J E,PG NE
GE
(3
G
%
I -hi 45Rng c/a nguyn t hi!r (tnh c. khi 45Rng c/a e4ectrn% J N,PbG NE
Cb
kg
-hi 45Rng ring c/a nguyn t hi!r 9*ng
27
30
1,673 10
0,63 10

J C,PP NE
G
(kg~3
G
% J C,PP NE
G
(g~c3
G
%
/. Tnh 9n knh nguyn t gLn !Zng c/a 8a $ CE
E
8, 9i@t ti nhit !: !( khi 45Rng ring c/a 8a
9*ng N,DD g~c3
G
Q \i. thi@t trng tinh th cc nguyn t 8a c( h1nh cLu, c( !: !ac kht 4 bKYQ
8h nguyn t khi c/a 8a J KE,EV
Th tch c/a N 34 8a J
40,08
1,55
J CD,VDV c3
G
, 3:t 34 8a ch;a <` J P,EC NE
CG
nguyn t 8a
The !: !ac kht, th tch c/a N nguyn t _e J
23
25,858 0,74
6,02 10

J G,NV NE
CG
c3
G
CT
Tl X J
3
4
7
3

Bn knh nguyn t 8a J r J
3
3K
4
J
23
3
3 3,18 10
4 3,14

J N,ePD NE
V
c3
/. Tnh 9n knh nguyn t gLn !Zng c/a _e $ CE
E
8, 9i@t ti nhit !: !( khi 45Rng ring c/a _e 9*ng
b,Vb g~c3
G
Q \i. thi@t trng tinh th cc nguyn t _e c( h1nh cLu, c( !: !ac kht 4 PVYQ
8h nguyn t khi c/a DD,VD J KE
Th tch c/a N 34 _e J
55,85
7,87
J b,Eeb c3
G
Q 3:t 34 _e ch;a <` J P,EC NE
CG
nguyn t _e
The !: !ac kht, th tch c/a N nguyn t _e J
23
7,097 0,68
6,02 10

J E,V NE
CG
c3
G
Tl X J
3
4
7
3

Bn knh nguyn t _e J r J
3
3K
4
J
23
3
3 0,8 10
4 3,14

J N,CK NE
V
c3
8. Bi@t r*ng 3n U c49enien c( 33en 456ng c7c N J N,DG Q
a% &dy tnh 33en 456ng c7c h 3 h p c/a ortho, meta, para U >ic49enienQ
9% B 33en 456ng c7c c/a 3:t trng 9a !0ng ph'n !( !5Rc J N,DG Q &zi !( 4 >ng n c/a
>ic49enienu
c4 c( !: '3 !in 4On, N h5Ong tl nh'n ra ngi

"#$h" %&$a 'a#a
J 3 J J E
8:ng vect" s >nng h th;c 45Rng trng ta3 gic a
C
J 9
C
I c
C
U C9c cs
4
J
n )upt rthF J
2 2 0
1 1
2 2 *8L60 + J N 3
n )upt 3etaF 3 J
2 2 0
1 1
2 2 *8L120 + J N
n )upt paraF p J N N J E
9% The !Lu 9i JN,DG J N !( 4 >n )upt meta >ic49enien
8. 849enien c( 33en 456ng c7c N J N,DG (N h5Ong tl nh'n ra ngi%h ani4in c( 33en 456ng
c7c C J N,PE (C h5Ong tl ngi v nh'n 9enien%Q &dy tnh c/a ortho c4ani4inh meta
c4ani4in v para c4ani4inQ
c4 c( !: '3 !in 4On, N h5Ong tl nh'n ra ngi U nh(3 <&C c( cap e t7 > 4in hRp vOi h e
c/a vfng 9enien hai 33en 456ng c7c cqng chi=u
DB

"#$h" %&$a 'a#a
8:ng vect" s >nng h th;c 45Rng trng ta3 gic a
C
J 9
C
I c
C
U C9c cs
4
J
n )upt rthF
2
O
J
2
1
I
2
2
CNC cs PE
E
J
2
1
I
2
2
NC J C,KD
J 2,45 J N,PD
n )upt 3etaF
2

J
2
1
I
2
2
CNC cs NCE
E
J
2
1
I
2
2
I NC J b,GD
3 J 7,35 J C,bN
n )upt paraF
2
5
J N I C J N,PE I N,DG J G,NG
E. Tnh p& c/a >ung >#ch 9eniatnatri 8P&D8HH<a n0ng !: C,E NE
D
MQ Bi@t h*ng s a)it
c/a a)it 9eniic 9*ng P,Ce NE
D
Q
8P&D8HH<a <a
I
I 8P&D8HH


8P&D8HH

I &
I



8P&D8HH& -a
N
&CH


&
I
I H&

-
T, hRp C ph5"ng tr1nh chF
8P&D8HH

I &CH


8P&D8HH& I H&

-tp
-tp J
M
$
N
N
J
14
5
10
6,29 10

J N,De NE
NE
n0ng !: !Lu c/a 8P&D8HH

nhzh 3at khc h*ng s c/a wu tr1nh khgng 4On h"n nhi=u s
vOi NE
NK
nn ph.i tnh !@n s7 !in 4i c/a n5OcQ
8P&D8HH

I &CH


8P&D8HH& I H&

-tp (N%
C,E NE
D
SH&

T
&CH


&
I
I H&

- (C%
The !#nh 4u+t 9. tn !in tchF SH&

T J S8P&D8HH&T I S&
I
T
hay S8P&D8HH&T J SH&

T S&
I
T J SH&

T
14
10
OH

1
]
thay v 9iu th;c h*ng s c'n 9*ng c/a (N%F
- J
[ ]
6 5
6 5
C H COOH OH
C H COO

1
]
1
]
J
14
6 5
10
OH OH
OH
C H COO

_
1 1
] ]
1
] ,
1
]
J N,De NE
NE
CT
DB

2
14
5
OH 10
2 10 OH


1
]
1
]
J N,De NE
NE
SH&

T
C
I N,De NE
NE
SH&

T NG,NV NE
ND
J E
SH&

T J N,NKV NE
b
pH& J 4g(N,NKV NE
b
% J P,eK p& J b,EP
E. CE
E
8 hfa tan v >ung >#ch <aH& n0ng !: E,ENP g~4t 3:t 45Rng it !/ ! ph.n ;ng
sau ).y ra hn tnF C<aH& I C


<a I <aH I &CH
Tnh p& c/a >ung >#ch thu !5RcQ Bi@t h*ng s a)it c/a &H J C,E NE
NN
<0ng !: !Lu c/a H&

J
0,016
40
J K,E NE
K
34~4t
Ah.n ;ng CH&

I C

I H

I &
C
H
K,E NE
K
C,E NE
K
H

I &
C
H


&H I H&

S T C,E NE
K
) ) ) S&HT J SH&

T
&H


&
I
I H

-a J C,E NE
NN
Ta c(F -a J
[ ]
OO H
HOO
+
1 1
] ]
J C,E NE
NN

OO H
OH
+

1 1
] ]
1
]
J C,E NE
NN


4
(2,0 10 OH ) H
OH
+

1 1
] ]
1
]
J
14
4
14
10
(2,0 10 ) H
H
10
H

+
+

+
1
]
1
]
1
]
J C,E NE
NN

C,E NE
NK
S&
I
T
C
N,E NE
NK
S&
I
T C,E NE
CD
J E S&
I
T J P,DG NE
NN
pF D -gGF
H
I D -gJ.K(3 1L
11
M D 1LK18(
1L. &^n hRp ` g03 G este !"n ch;c, 3ch th}ng, t thnh tl cqng 3:t r5Ru B vOi G a)it
hou c", trng !( c( hai a)it n 4 !0ng !}ng k@ ti@p nhau v 3:t a)it khgng n ch;a 3:t
4in k@t !giQ m phfng h hn tn NK,b ga3 ` 9*ng >ung >#ch <aH&, thu !5Rc h^n
hRp 3ui v p ga3 r5Ru BQ 8h p ga3 r5Ru B !( v 91nh !7ng natri >5, sau ph.n ;ng
c( C,CK 4t kh tht ra v khi 45Rng 91nh !7ng natri tsng P,C ga3Q Mat khc !t chy
hn tn NK,b ga3 `, thu !5Rc NG,KK 4t 8HC v e,e ga3 &CHQ mc !#nh cgng th;c cpu
t c/a tlng este trng `Q (8c th tch kh ! $ !i=u kin tiu chutn%Q
mc !#nh r5Ru BF v1 este !"n ch;c nn r5Ru B !"n ch;c
U H& I <a U H<a I
1
2
&C
E,C E,N 34
B: tsng -j J -j ( U H% J P,C g
-j 34 ( U H% J
6,2
0,2
J GN I NP J GN J ND 4 8&G 5Ru BF 8&
G
H&
8gng th;c c/a C este n 4F 8
n
&
2n 1 +
8HH8&
G
s 34 J )
8gng th;c c/a este ch5a n 4 8
3
&
C3N
8HH8&
G
s 34 J y
CT
8
n
&
2n 1 +
8HH8&
G
I
3n 4
2
+
H
C
(
n
I C% 8H
C
I (
n
I C% &
C
H
) (
n
I C% ) (
n
I C% )
8
3
&
C3N
8HH8&
G
I
3 3
2
+
H
C
(3 I C% 8H
C
I (3 I N% &
C
H
y (3 I C% y (3 I N% y
ta c( h ptF ) I y J E,C (N%
(
n
I C% ) I (3 I C% y J E,P (C%
(
n
I C% ) I (3 I N% y J E,DD (G%
\i.i h pt ch ) J E,ND h y J E,ED v G
n
I 3 J K

n
E v 3 C nn C 3 G 9i tn c( C nghi3 3 J C v 3 J G
XOi 3 J C
n
J
2
3
;ng vOi nghi3 &8HH8&G h 8&G8HH8&G v 8&CJ8&8HH8&G
XOi 3 J G
n
J
1
3
;ng vOi nghi3 &8HH8&G h 8&G8HH8&G v 8G&D8HH8&G
1L. <itrsy4 c4rua 4 3:t chpt rpt !:c, khi !un n(ng s| ph'n hu{ thnh nit" 3n)it v c4Q
a% &dy vi@t ph5"ng tr1nh ch ph.n ;ng ny
9% Tnh -p c/a ph.n ;ng $ CeV-(the at3 v the Aa%Q 8hF
<itrsy4 c4rua <it" 3n)it 84
C
&CeV (k~34% DN,bN eE,CD u
c
E
CeV
(~-Q34%
CPK CNN CCG
c% Tnh gLn !Zng -p c/a ph.n ;ng $ KbD-
a% C<H84


C<H I 84
C
Q
9% &*ng s c'n 9*ng nhit !:ng 47c h2c !5Rc tnh the ph5"ng tr1nh \ J T4n-
Trng !( \ J & TQ c
& J S(C eE,CDQ NE
G
% I E (C DN,bNQ NE
G
% J bbEVE ~34
c J S(C CNN% I CGG (C CPK% J NNb ~34
\ J bbEVE CeV NNb J KCCNK ~34
v 4n - J
KCCNK
V, GNK CeV
J Nb Np D 3KE8. 1L
8
'tO 34 Np D "KL". 1L
3

P'
c% Tnh gLn !ZngF
4n
C
N
( %
( %
Kp T
Kp T
J
N C
N N H
R T T
_


,
4n-p(KbD-% J
bbEVE N N
V, GNK CeV KbD
_


,
I 4n-p(CeV%
4n -p (KbD% J D,DKD

Np D "K32. 1L
3
'tO h'y Np D "3/P'
CT

You might also like