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TRNG THPT CHUYN QUC HC HU THI TH I HC LN 1

T Ton Mn: TON; khi B Nm hc: 2013 - 2014


Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian pht )
---------------------------------

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (7,0 im)
Cu 1 (2,0 im). Cho hm s
3
3 2 = + y x x .
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.
b) Gi d l ng thng i qua ( ) 2;4 A v c h s gc l k . Tm k d ct (C) ti ba im phn bit A, B, C sao
cho tam gic OBC cn ti O (vi O l gc ta ).
Cu 2 (1,0 im). Gii phng trnh:
2 cos 2
cot
sin 2 cos
=
x
x
x x
( ) x .
Cu 3 (1,0 im). Gii h phng trnh:
3 3
2 2
2 4
13 41 21 9
= +

+ =

x y x y
x xy y
( ) ; x y .
Cu 4 (1,0 im). Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) ( )
3
lim 4 sin
x
x
x
+
+ .
b)
3
2
2 3. 3 5 1
lim
2
x
x x
x

.
Cu 5 (1,0 im). Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A; AB = AC = a. Gi M l trung im ca
cnh AB, hnh chiu vung gc ca nh S ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi im O l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam
gic BMC. Gc gia ng thng SB v mt phng (ABC) bng 60
o
. Tnh theo a th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong
cch t im C n mt phng (SAB).
Cu 6 (1,0 im). Cho x ; y ; z l cc s thc dng thay i sao cho 2 x y z + + = . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
2 2 2
2 F x y z xyz = + + + .
II. PHN RING (3,0 im): Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn ( phn A hoc phn B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun
Cu 7a (1,0 im). Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD. Cc nh B v D ln lt thuc cc
ng thng
1
: 8 0 d x y + = v
2
: 2 3 0 d x y + = . ng thng AC c phng trnh l 7 31 0 + = x y . Tm ta
cc nh ca hnh thoi ABCD bit din tch hnh thoi ABCD bng 75 v im A c honh m.
Cu 8a (1,0 im). Cho
3 1
5
log 9 7
5
x
a

+
= v
( )
1
5
1
log 3 1
5
5
x
b

+
= . Tm cc s thc x bit rng s hng cha
3
a trong khai
trin Niu-tn ca ( )
8
a b + l 224.
Cu 9a (1,0 im). Tm cc s thc m bt phng trnh
2 2
2 2 1
4 .2 0
x x x x
m m
+
+ + nghim ng vi mi [ ] 0;2 x .
A. Theo chng trnh Nng cao
Cu 7b (1,0 im). Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ( ) 4;3 C ; ng phn gic trong v
ng trung tuyn k t nh A ca tam gic ln lt c phng trnh l 2 5 0 x y + = v 4 13 10 0 x y + = . Vit
phng trnh cc ng thng cha cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
Cu 8b (1,0 im). Chng minh rng:
2 1 2 2 2 2012 2 2013 2011
2013 2013 2013 2013
1 2 ... 2012 2013 2013 2014 2 C C C C + + + + = .
Cu 9b (1,0 im). Tm cc s thc m phng trnh
2
2 9 m x x m + = + c ng mt nghim thc.

-------------HT-------------

Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.
H v tn th sinh:..S bo danh:



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TRNG THPT CHUYN QUC HC P N TH I HC LN 1
T Ton Mn: TON; khi B Nm hc: 2013 - 2014
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu p n im
1a

Tp xc nh: = D
S bin thin:
- Chiu bin thin:
2
' 3 3 = y x ;
2
' 0 1 0 1 y x x = = = .
0,25
Hm s ng bin trn mi khong ( ) ; 1 v ( ) 1; + ; nghch bin trn khong ( ) 1;1 .
- Cc tr: Hm s t cc i ti 1 x = ,
C
4 y = ; t cc tiu ti 1 x = ,
CT
0 y = .
- Gii hn: lim
+
= +
x
y v lim

=
x
y .
0,25
- Bng bin thin:

0,25
th:
x
y
2 -2
4
2
-1 1
O

0,25
1b
ng thng d qua ( ) 2;4 A vi h s gc k c phng trnh l: 2 4 y kx k = + .
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v d:
3
3 2 2 4 x x kx k + = +
( ) ( )
2
2 2 1 0 x x x k + + =
2 x = hoc ( )
2
2 1 0 * x x k + + =
0,25
d ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit khi v ch khi (*) c hai nghim phn bit khc 2
( ) 1 1 0 0
9
9 0
k k
k
k
> >



(**)
O, B, C khng thng hng 2 O d k . (***)
0,25
Theo nh l Vi-t:
2
1
B C
B C
x x
x x k
+ =

. Ta c ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 4 2 4
B C B C B C
y y kx k kx k k x x = + + =
v ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 4 2 4 4 8 6 8
B C B C B C
y y kx k kx k k x x k k + = + + + = + + = + .
Tam gic OBC cn ti O
2 2 2 2
B B C C
OB OC x y x y = + = +
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) 2 6 8
B C B C C B C B B C B C
x x x x y y y y x x k x x k + = + = +
0,25
0
4
1 -1
+ +
x
y '
y
- +
0 - 0
+
-
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( ) 2 6 8 k k = + (v
B C
x x )
2
3 4 1 0 1 k k k + = = hoc
1
3
k = (tha (**) v (***)).
0,25
2
iu kin: ( )
cos 0

sin 0 2


x
k
x k
x
.
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi:
cos 1 cos 2
sin sin cos cos
=
x x
x x x x

0,25
( )
2 2
cos 1 sin cos 2 sin cos 2 sin sin cos 2 sin 0 = = = x x x x x x x x x
0,25
cos2 sin 0 x x = (v sin 0 x )
2
sin 1
2sin sin 1 0
1
sin
2
x
x x
x
=

+ =


sin 1 2
2
x x k

= = + ( ) k (khng tha mn iu kin).


0,25

2
1
6
sin
2 5
2
6
x k
x
x k

= +

= +

( ) k (tha mn iu kin).
0,25
3
3 3
2 2
2 4 (1)
13 41 21 9 (2)
= +

+ =

x y x y
x xy y

Nhn v tri (1) vi v phi (2) v v phi (1) vi v tri (2), ta c phng trnh:
( ) ( )( )
3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3
9 2 4 13 41 21 22 11 143 66 0 x y x y x xy y x x y xy y = + + + + =
0,25
( ) ( )( ) 2 2 3 0 2 x y x y x y y x + = = hoc 2 x y = hoc 3 x y = .
0,25
Thay 2 = y x vo (1), ta c: ( )
3
1 15 9 0 0 + = = x x x , lc 0 y = . Th li 0 x y = =
khng phi nghim ca h cho.
Thay 3 = x y vo (1), ta c: ( )
3
1 29 0 0 + = = y y y , lc 0 x = . Th li 0 x y = =
khng phi nghim ca h cho.
0,25
Thay 2 = x y vo (1), ta c: ( )
3
1 0 0 = = y y y hoc 1 y = .
0 y = th 0 x = , th li khng phi nghim ca h cho.
1 y = th 2 x = , th li tha mn h cho.
1 y = th 2 x = , th li tha mn h cho.
Vy h c hai nghim l ( ) ( ) ; 2;1 x y = v ( ) ( ) ; 2; 1 x y = .
0,25
4
a/ ( )
( )
3 3
sin sin
3 4
3 4
lim 4 sin lim . lim 3 1 .
3 3 x x x
x
x x
x
x x x
x x
+ + +
+
| |
+ = = +
|
\

0,25
V
4
lim 3 1 3
x
x
+
| |
+ =
|
\
v
3
lim 0
x
x
+
= nn
3
sin
lim 1
3 x
x
x
+
= . Suy ra ( )
3
lim 4 sin 3
x
x
x
+
+ = .
0,25
b/
3 3
2 2
2 3. 3 5 1 3 5 1 2 3 1
lim lim 2 3.
2 2 2
x x
x x x x
x
x x x

(

= +
(




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( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
3
3
3 6 2 4
lim 2 3.
2 2 3 1
2 3 5 3 5 1
x
x x
x
x x
x x x

(
(

= +
(
| |
+
(
+ +
|
(
\

0,25
( )
2 2
3
3
3 2 3 2
lim 1 1 2
2 3 1
3 5 3 5 1
x
x
x
x x

(
= + = + =
(
+
+ +

.
0,25
5
H
N
M
A
C
B
S
O
Gi N, H ln lt l trung im ca BC v MB. Suy ra AN l
trung trc ca BC v trung trc ca MB l ng thng d i
qua H v song song vi AC.
Suy ra O l giao im ca AN v d.
Ta c ( ) SO ABC nn gc gia ng thng SB v mt
phng (ABC) l gc

60
o
SBO = .
Tam gic HAO vung cn ti H nn
3 3
4 4
a
HO HA AB = = = .

0,25
Tam gic BHO vung ti H nn
2 2
10
4
a
BO BH HO = + = . Ta c:
30
. tan 60
4
= =
o
a
SO BO ;
Do :
3
.
1 30
. .
3 24

= =
S ABC ABC
a
V S SO .
0,25
V ( ) SO ABC v OH AB nn SH AB .
Suy ra
2 2
39
4
a
SH SO OH = + = v
2
1 39
.
2 8

= =
SAB
a
S AB SH .
0,25
( )
.
3 130
, ( )
13

= =
S ABC
SAB
V a
d C SAB
S
.
0,25
6 Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s z l s nh nht. Lc 0 1 z < < (v 1 z th 2 x y z + + > ).
Ta c ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 1 2 2 1 F x y z xy z z z xy z = + + + = + .
0,25

Mt khc
2 2
2
2 2
x y z
xy
+ | | | |
=
| |
\ \
nn ( ) ( )
2
2
2 1 2 1
2
z
xy z z
| |

|
\
.
T
( )
3 2
1
4
2
F z z + (1)
0,25

Xt ( ) ( )
3 2
1
4
2
f z z z = + vi 0 1 z < < . Ta c ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 2
' 3 2 0 0;1
2 3
f z z z z = = = .
Bng bin thin:



0,25
52
27
+
z
f '(z )
f (z)
1
2
3
- 0
0
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T bng bin thin suy ra ( )
52
27
f z (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c
52
27
F . Vy
min
52
27
F = t c khi
2
3
x y z = = = .
0,25
7a
( )
1
;8 B d B b b v ( )
2
2 3; D d D d d . Suy ra ( ) 2 3; 8 BD b d d b = + +

.
I l trung im ca BD nn
2 3 8
;
2 2
b d d b
I
+ + | |
|
\
.
0,25
Theo tnh cht hnh thoi:
8 13 13 0 0 . 0
2 3 3 0 1
AC
BD AC b d b u BD
I AC b d d
I AC
+ = = =


+ = =


.
Vy ( ) ( )
1 9
0;8 , 1;1 , ;
2 2
B D I
| |

|
\
.
0,25
Ta c ( ) 7 31; A AC A a a + .
1 2 15
. 15 2
2 2
2
ABCD
S AC
S AC BD AC IA
BD
= = = = = .
0,25
Ta c
2 2 2
15 63 9 15
7 3
2 2
2 2
IA a a a
| | | | | |
= + + = =
| | |
\ \ \
hoc 6 a = .
Suy ra ( ) 10;3 A hoc ( ) 11;6 A . Do 0
A
x < nn ( ) 11;6 A , t ( ) 10;3 C .
0,25
8a
Ta c
( )
1
3
1
9 7
x
a

= + ;
( )
1
5
1
3 1
x
b

= + .
0,25
S hng cha
3
a trong khai trin Niu-tn ca ( )
8
a b + l:
( ) ( ) ( )( )
3 5
1 1
1
5
3 5
8
1 1 1 1
9 7 . 3 1 56 9 7 3 1
x x x x
C


( (
+ + = + +
( (

.
0,25
Theo gi thit, ta c:
( )( ) ( )
1 2
1 1 1 1
56 9 7 3 1 224 3 4.3 3 0
x x x x


+ + = + = 0,25
1
1
3 1 1
2
3 3
x
x
x
x

= =


=
=

.
0,25
9a
t
2
2
2
x x
t

= . V 0 2 x nn
1
1
2
t .
0,25
Bt phng trnh cho tr thnh: ( )
2
2
2 0
2 1
t
t mt m m f t
t

+ + =
+
vi
1
1
2
t . 0,25
Ta c ( )
( )
2
2
2 2 1
' 0, ;1
2
2 1
t t
f t t
t
| |
= <
|
\ +
, hn na ( ) f t lin tc trn on
1
;1
2
(
(

nn suy ra
hm s ( ) f t nghch bin trn on
1
;1
2
(
(

.
0,25
Do ( ) ( ) ( )
1
;1
2
1 1
, ;1 min 1
2 3
m f t t m f t m f m
(
(

(

(

.
0,25
7b Gi AD l phn gic trong v AM l trung tuyn . Ta ca A l nghim ca h:
2 5 0 9
4 13 10 0 2
x y x
x y y
+ = =


+ = =

.
Vy ( ) 9; 2 A . T phng trnh AC l: 7 0 x y + = .
0,25
Gi C' l im i xng ca C qua ng phn gic trong AD th C' thuc AB.
ng thng CC' qua ( ) 4;3 C v vung gc vi AD nn c phng trnh: 2 5 0 x y = .
0,25
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Gi H l giao im ca CC' v AD th H(3;1). T ( ) ' 2; 1 C .
Suy ra phng trnh AB l 7 5 0 x y + + = .
0,25
ng thng MH qua H(3;1) v song song vi AB nn c phng trnh 7 10 0 x y + = .
V M l giao im ca MH v AM nn ( ) 4;2 M . Suy ra phng trnh BC l 8 20 0 x y + = .
Th li ta thy cc im B, C nm v hai pha ca ng thng AD nn AD l ng phn gic
trong ca tam gic ABC. Vy : 7 0; : 7 5 0 AC x y AB x y + = + + = v : 8 20 0 BC x y + = .
0,25
8b
Ta c ( )
2013
0 1 2 2 2012 2012 2013 2013
2013 2013 2013 2013 2013
1 ... x C C x C x C x C x + = + + + + + . 0,25
Ly o hm 2 v, ta c:
( )
2012
1 2 2012 2011 2013 2012
2013 2013 2013 2013
2013 1 2 ... 2012 2013 x C C x C x C x + = + + + + (1)
0,25
Nhn 2 v ca 1 vi x, ta c:
( )
2012
1 2 2 2012 2012 2013 2013
2013 2013 2013 2013
2013 1 2 ... 2012 2013 x x C x C x C x C x + = + + + +
Ly o hm 2 v, ta c:
( ) ( )
2011
1 2 2 2 2012 2011 2 2013 2012
2013 2013 2013 2013
2013 1 2013 1 2 ... 2012 2013 x x C C x C x C x + + = + + + + .
0,25
Cho 1 x = , ta c
2 1 2 2 2 2012 2 2013 2011
2013 2013 2013 2013
1 2 ... 2012 2013 2013 2014 2 C C C C + + + + = (pcm).
0,25
9b
Ta c phng trnh cho tng ng vi:
2
2 9 1
x
m
x
=
+

Xt hm s ( )
2
2 9 1
x
f x
x
=
+
c tp xc nh D= .
( )
( )
( )( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 36
'
2 9 9 2 9 2 9 1
x
f x
x x x

=
+ + + +
.
0,25
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
' 0 6; 6 ; 6
4 4
f x x f f = = = = v ( ) ( )
1 1
lim ; lim
2 2
x x
f x f x
+
= = .
0,25
Bng bin thin:

0,25
Da vo bng bin thin, ta c:
Phng trnh cho c ng mt nghim khi v ch khi
3
4
m = hoc
1 1
2 2
m .
0,25

HT
f(x)
1
2
3
4
-3
4
6 -6
-1
2
0 - 0
+ -
f'(x)
x
- +
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