Các Bài Luận Mẫu Tiếng Anh

Phn 1
Life in the city

Bi mu
Life in the city is full of activity. Early in the
morning hundreds of people rush out of their
homes in the manner ants do when their nest
is broken. Soon the streets are full of traffic.
Shops and offices open, students flock to
their schools and the day's work begins. The
city now throb with activity, and it is full of
noise. Hundreds of sightseers, tourists and
others visit many places of interest in the
city while businessmen from various parts
of the world arrive to transact business.
Then towards evening, the offices and day
schools begin to close. !any of the shops
too close. There is now a rush for buses and
other means of transport. Everyone seems to
be in a hurry to reach home. "s a result of
this rush, many accidents occur. #ne who
has not been to the city before finds it hard
to move about at this time. Soon, however,
there is almost no activity in several parts of
the city. These parts are usually the business
centres.
$ith the coming of night, another kind of
act%vity begins. The streets are now full of
colorful lights. The air is cooler and life
becomes more leisurely. &eople now seek
entertainment. !any visit the cinemas, parks
and clubs, while others remain indoors to
watch television or listen to the radio. Some
visit friends and relatives and some spend
their time reading books and maga'ines.
Those who are interested in politics discuss
the latest political developments. "t the
same time, hundreds of crimes are
committed. Thieves and robbers who wait
for the coming of night become active, and
misfortune descends upon many. (or the
greed of a few, many are killed, and some
live in constant fear. To bring criminals to
)ustice, the officers of the law are always on
the move.
$orkers and others who seek advancement
in their careers attend educational
Bi dch
*u+c s,ng - th.nh th% cu+c s,ng - th.nh th%
r/t nh+n nh%p. T0 t1 m1 s2ng h.ng tr3m
ng41i 5a ra kh6i nh. nh4 7.n ki8n v9 t:.
*h;ng bao lt ?e
c+. *2c c@a h.ng v. v3n phAng m- c@a. HBc
sinh h,i hC cDp s2ch 78n tr41ng v. m+t ng.y
l.m viEc bDt 7Fu. Gi1 7<y th.nh ph,
hoHt 7=ng nh+n nh%p v. 7Fy Dp ti8ng huyIn
n2o. H.ng tr3m ng41i ngoHn cCnh, du kh2ch
v. nhiJu ng41i kh2c vi8ng th3m nhKng
thDng cCnh cLa th.nh ph, trong khi c2c
doanh nh<n t0 nhiJu nMi trIn th8 giNi 78n
trao7:i c=ng viEc l.m 3n.
Tr1i vJ chiJu, nhKng v3n phAng v. tr41ng
hBc bDt 7Fu 7Ong c@a. PhiJu cLa h.ng cQng
7=ng c@a. LRc n.y diSn ra m+t cu+c 7: ?=
7On ?e buTt v. c2c ph4Mng tiEn vUn chuyIn
kh2c. V41ng nh4 mBi ng41i 7Ju v+i vW vJ
nh.. X8t Yu2 cLa sZ.v+i vW n.y l. nhiJu tai
nHn ?Cy ra. PhKng ai ch4a t0ng 78n th.nh
ph, cCm th/y khO m. 7i lHi v.o gi1 n.y. Tuy
vU[ kh=ng bao l<u sau m+t s, khu vZc cLa
th.nh ph, nh4 ng0ng hoHt 7+ng. PhKng nMi
n.y th41ng l. c2c trung t<m kinh doanh.
\Im ?u,ng, m+t h]nh th^c hoHt 7+ng kh2c
lHi bDt 7Fu. \41ng ph, tr.n ngUp 2nh 7_n
m.u. `Fu kh=ng kha d%u ?u,ng v. cu+c s,ng
tr- nIn th4 thC hMn. Gi1 7<y ng41i t]m 78n
nhKng thR vui giCi tra. PhiJu ng41i 78n rHp
chi8u bOng, c=ng viIn v. c<u lHc b+, trong
khi nhKng ng41i kh2c - nh. ?em ti vi v.
nghe 7.i ph2t thanh. *O ng41i 7i th3m
bHn b_ v. b. con. *O ng41i d.nh th] gi1 7Bc
s2ch v. tHp cha. PhKng ng41i Yuan t<m 78n
chanh tr% b.n luUn vJ nhKng sZ kiEn chanh tr%
nOng h:i. *Qng trong th1i gian n.y, h.ng
tr3m vb tr+m c4Np diSn ra. Tr+m c4Np ch1
7Im ?u,ng 7c hoHt 7+ng, v. vUn rLi Up
?u,ng nhiJu ng4Ai. *hd v] lAng tham cLa
m+t s= at ng41i m. nhiJu ng41i se b% gi8t, v.
nhiJu ng41ikh2c phCi s,ng trong cCnh sf hWi
triJn miIn . \c 74a t+i phHm ra tr4Nc c=ng
lT, c2c viIn ch^c luUt ph2p lu=n lu=n sgn
s.ng h.nh 7+ng.
institutions which are open till late in the
night. Hundreds of them sit for various
e?aminations every year. The facilities and
opportunities that the people in the city have
to further their studies and increase their
knowledge of human affairs are indeed
many. "s a result, the people of the city are
usually better informed than those of the
village, where even a newspaper is
sometimes difficult to get.
The city could, therefore, be described as a
place of ceaseless activity. Here, the drama
of life is enacted every day.
Pg41i lao 7+ng v. nhKng ng4Ai mu,n ti8n
tricn trIn con 741ng c=ng
danh sZ nghiEp cLa m]nh th] tham gia c2c
lOp hBc ban 7Im. !hi n3m cO h.ng tr3m
ng41i trong s, hB tham dZ v.o nhiJu ki thi
kh2c nhau. *2c ph4Mng tiEn v. cM h+i d.nh
cho ng41i d<n th.nh th% 7c m- r+ng hBc
h6i v. gia t3ng ki8n th^c nh<n sinh thZc sZ
r/t phong phR. Vo 7O ng41i d<n - th.nh ph,
lu=n nDm bDt th=ng tin nhanh hfn ng41i d<n
v5ng n=ng th=n, nMi m. cO khi ngay 78n m+t
t1 b2o cQng khO ki8m.
TOm lHi th.nh th% cO thc nOi l. nMi cLa
nhKng hoHt 7+ng kh=ng ng0ng nghd. *hanh
tHi 7<y v- k%ch cu+c 71i t2i diSn mhi ng.y.
New words:
j. flock kvlm lQ l4ft kno 78n, tb tUp, Yu<y Yuanh
o . throb kvlm r+n r.ng, nOi r+n lIn, rung 7+ng
p. sightseer knlm ng41i 7i tham Yuan
q. transact kvlm thZc hiEn, ti8n h.nhr giCi Yuy8t
s. means of transportm ph4Mng tiEn vUn chuycn
t. commit kvlm phHm phCi
u. misfortune knlm rLi ro, sZ b/t hHnh, 7iJu kh=ng may
v. descend upon kvlm Up ?u,ng b/t ng1, 78n b/t ng1
w. greed knlm tanh tham lam
jx. to bring S.# to )usticem 7em ai ra tAa, truy t, ai tr4Nc tAa
jj. on the movem di chuycn
jo. facility knlm 7iJu kiEn thuUn lfi, ph4Mng tiEn dS d.ng
Living in a multiracial community
Bi mu
Living in a community where there are
people of various races could be a rewarding
and an e?citing e?perience. Such a
community is like a small world with many
types and races of people in it.
Everyone, young or old, en)oys listening to
stories about people in other lands. $e read
books and newspapers to learn about the
habits, customs and beliefsl of people who
do not belong to our race, but when we live
in a community composed of many races,
Bi dch
S,ng trong m+t c+ng 7yng 7a chLng t+c
S,ng trong m+t c+ng 7yng m. c2c c4 d<n
thu+c nhiJu chLng t+c kh2c nhau cO.thI l.
m+t trCi nghiEm thR v% v. b: ach. !+t c+ng
7yng nh4 th8 cQng gi,ng nh4 m+t th8 giNi
thu nh6 gym nhiJu sDc t+c v. kicu tanh
c2ch.
T/t cC mBt ng41i, d5 gi. hay trz, 7Ju thach
nghe chuyEn kc vJ nhKng ng41i d<n ?^
kh2c. *hRng ta 7Bc s2ch, b2o 7c bi8t vJ
nhKng thOi Yuen phong tbc v. tan ng49ng
we have the opportunity to meet and talk
with people or various races. $e can learn
about their customs and beliefs directly from
them. {n this way, w> have a better
understanding of their ways of life. (or
e?ample, in Singapore and !alaysia, which
are known as multiracial countries, !alays,
*hinese, {ndians and others have lived
together for several decades. They have
learnt a lot about the cultures of one another,
more than what they could have learnt by
reading books or newspapers. `y living
together, they have also absorbed many of
the habits of one another to their common
benefit.
(urther, living in a multiracial community
teaches us how to respect the views and
beliefs of people of other races. $e learn to
be tolerant and to understand and appreciate
the peculiarities of those who are not of our
race. {n this way, we learn to live in peace
and harmony with foreigners whose ways of
life are different from ours in several
respects. $e become less suspicious of
strangers and foreigners.
The relationship that develops among the
people from common understanding in a
multiracial community makes life in such a
community very e?citing. "ny celebration
of any race becomes a celebration of all the
other races. Thus, there is a lot of fun and
e?citement during every celebration. {n this
way, better understanding is promoted
among the peoples of the world. Through
each of the races of the people in a multi
racial community, we come to know about
their respective countries. (or e?ample,
through the *hinese and the {ndians in
!alaysia or Singapore we have come to
know much about *hina and {ndia. "s a
result, we have a better understanding of the
peoples of *hina and {ndia as a whole.
{t could therefore be said that life in a multi
racial community teaches us many useful
lessons in human relations.
cLa c2c d<n t+c kh2c, nh4ng khi chRng ta
s,ng trong m+t c+ng 7yng 7a sDc t+c, chRng
ta cO cM h+i g|p g9 v. trA chuyEn vNi ng41i
d<n.thu+c nhiJu chLng t+c kh2c nhau.
*hRng ta cO thc trZc ti8p hBc hOi vJ nhKng
phong tbc v. tan ng49ng cLa hB. `3ng c2ch
n.y, chRng ta cO thc hicu nhiJu hMn vJ l,i
s,ng cLa hB. *h;ng hHn nh4 tHi Singapore
v. !alaysia, nhKng n4Nc 74fc ?em l. 7a
SDc t+c, ng41i !W Lai, Trung }u,c, ~n \+
v. c2c sDc d<n kh2c 7W chung s,ng vNi nhau
Yua v.i thUp k. HB 7W hBc h6i r/t nhiJu vJ
v3n hOa cLa nhau m. viEc 7Bc s2ch b2o
kh=ng .thc s2nh bng. }ua viEc chung s,ng
vNi nhau, hB cQng 7W ti8p thu nhiJu tUp Yu2n
cLa nhau 78 mang lHi lfi ach chung cho c+ng
7yng.
ThIm v.o 7O, cu+c s,ng trong m+t c+ng
7yng 7a sDc t+c dHy cho ta bi8t t=n trBng
Yuan 7icm v. tan ng49ng cLa d<n t+c kh2c.
*hRng ta bi8t khoan dung, hicu bi8t v. 72nh
gi2 cao nnt 7|c th5 cLa nhKng ng41i kh=ng
thu+c chLng t+c m]nh. `ng c2ch n.y, chRng
ta hBc chung s,ng trong hAa b]nh v. hAa
thuUn vNi nhKng ng41i ngoHi Yu,c m. l,i
s,ng cLa hB kh2c chRng ta trIn v.i ph4Mng
diEn. *hRng ta tr- nIn at nghi ngHi nhKng
ng41i lH v. ng41i n4Nc ngo.i.
!,i Yuan hE nCy sinh giKa c2c d<n t+c t0 sZ
hicu bi8t chung trong m+t c+ng 7yng 7a sDc
t+c l.m cho cu+c s,ng trong c+ng 7yng nh4
th8 tr- nIn h8t s^c thR v%. `/t ki lS kT niEm
cLa m+t d<n t+c n.o cQng tr- th.nh lS kT
niEm cLa t/t cC c2c d<n t+c kh2c. Ph1 vUy
cO r/t nhiJu niJm vui thach v. thR v% trong
mhi m+t d%p lS h+i. `ng c2ch n.y, sZ hicu
bi8t ln nhau giKa c2c d<n t+c trIn th8 giNi
74fc 7y mHnh. Th=ng Yua mhi m+t d<n t+c
trong c+ng 7yng 7a chLng t+c, chRng ta dFn
dFn hicu bi8t vJ Yu,c gia m. hB l. 7Hi diEn.
*h;ng hHn, th=ng Yua ng41i Trung }u,c v.
~n \+ - !alaysia hay Singapo. chRng ta
bi8t nhiJu vJ Trung Hoa v. ~n \+. ] vUy
chRng ta hicu nhiJu hMn vJ t:ng thc d<n t+c
v. 7/t n4Nc Trung Hoa v. ~n \+.
] th8 cO thc nOi rng cu+c s,ng - m+t c+ng
7yng 7a chLng t+c dHy cho ta nhiJu b.i hBc
hKu ach vJ m,i Yuan hE cLa con ng41i.
New words:
j. race knlm chLng t+c, gi,ng ng41i
o. belief knlm tan ng49ng
p. composed kad)lm gym cO, bao gym
q. multiracial kad)lm 7a chLng t+c, nhiJu chLng t+c
s. decade knlm th1i ki m41i n3m, thUp k
t. absorb kvlm h/p thu
u. peculiarity knlm tanh ch/t riIng, nnt riIng biEt, nnt 7|c biEt
v. in peace and harmony withm trong hAa b]nh v. ho. thuUn
w. promote kvlm n<ng cao, ?Rc ti8n, 7y mHnh
jx. as a wholem nOi chung, to.n b+
A visit to a famous city
Bi mu
" few months ago my father and { visited
Singapore, one of the most famous cities in
"sia.
Singapore, a small island, lies at the
southern and of $est !alaysia. " long and
narrow piece of land )oins Singapore with
ohore Hahru, the southernmost town of
$est !alaysia. Singapore is now an
independent.
The city of Singapore is e?tremely beautiful.
{t is well known for its centres of business
and other activities. There are many places
of interest such as the Tiger àlm Garden,
the òtanical Gardens and affles !useum.
There are also many important centres of
learning such as the niversity of
Singapore, Science *entre, the Panyang
niversity and the &olytechnic. èing a
famous city, hundreds of people come every
day from various parts of the world to do
business or to en)oy the sights of the city.
Singapore therefore has large and beautiful
airports and its harbours are full of ships.
There are many night schools where people
who cannot go to the day schools for some
reason or other can continue their studies.
"nd, the government of Singapore is still
Bi dch
*2ch 7<y v.i th2ng, b, t=i v. t=i 7i tham
Yuan Singapore, m+t trong nhKng th.nh ph,
n:i ti8ng nh/t chp n,i liJn Singapore vNi
ohore àhru, th.nh ph, cZc nam cLa v5ng
T<y !alay?ia. Singapore hiEn nay l. m+t
Yu,c gia 7+c lUp.
Th.nh ph, Singapore cZc ki diSm lE. PO
n:i ti8ng b-i nhKng trung t<m bu=n b2n v.
c2c hoHt 7+ng kh2c. *O nhiJu thDng cCnh
nh4 41n Tiger ành, v41n sinh hBc v.
viEn `Co t.ng affles. Pgo.i ra cAn cO
nhiJu trung t<m nghiIn cû Yuan trBng nh4
\Hi hBc t:ng hfp Singapore, Trung t<m
khoa hBc, \Hi hBc Panyang v. \Hi hBc
`2ch khoa. ] l. m+t th.nh ph, n:i ti8ng
nIn h.ng ng.y cO h.ng tr3m ng41i t0 c2c
n4Nc kh2c nhau trIn th8 giNi 78n 7c l.m
viEc hay chiIm ng49ng cCnh Yuan th.nh
ph,. ] th8 Singapore cO nhKng s<n bay to
v. 7>p, cAn nhKng hCi cCng cLa nO lRc n.o
cQng t/p nUp t.u b_.
*O nhKng lNp hBc ban 7Im cho nhKng ng41i
kh=ng thc 78n tr41ng v.o ban ng.y v] m+t
doing its best to make further improvements
in the city for the benefit of the people.
Vuring my stay in Singapore, { went out
every day with my father to see the beautiful
and interesting places and things in the city.
#ne day we went to the Tiger àlm Garden
where { saw several statues of people,
animals and other strange creature
beautifully made and kept. The sea near this
garden makes this a pleasant place to visit.
$e spent almost half of the day at this
place.
"nother day we visited the museum where {
saw hundreds of curious things preserved
for scholars and others. {t was indeed an
education to see all those things. There is so
much to learn here that every visit by any
person is sure to add to his knowledge.
{ also visited some of the harbours and saw
the large ships anchored there. The sight of
the ships aroused a desire in me to cross the
oceans and go round the world. { was indeed
deeply impressed by the activities at the
harbour.
Then every night, { went round the town and
visited some of the parks and other places of
interest. The numerous sights and the
constant stream of traffic kept the city alive.
{ visited a few of the cinemas as well. {n
short, { en)oyed every moment of my stay in
this famous city of Singapore
lT do n.o 7O 7c hB ti8p tbc hBc tUp. . hiEn
nay chanh phL Singapore 7ang l.m h8t s^c
m]nh 7c ng.y c.ng ph2t tricn th.nh ph, v]
lfi ach cho ng41i d<n Singapore.
Trong khi d0ng ch<n - Singapore, h.ng
ng.y t=i ra ph, dHo chMi vNi b, v. ngDm
nh]n cCnh vUt thi v% r. 7>p 7e cLa th.nh ph,.
!+t ng.y nB t=i 78n v41n Tiger àlm nMi
t=i th/y cO v.i b^c t4fng ng41i, nhiJu lo.i
thR v. nhKng tHo vUt lH ki 74fc tHo t2c v.
g]n giK r/t c=ng phu. *hRng t=i - 7O gFn
n@a ng.y.
*hRng t=i cQng tham Yuan viEn bCo t.ng, -
7O t=i th/y h.ng tr3m th^ YuT gi2 74fc giK
g]n cho c2c hBc giC v. nhKng ng41i kh2c.
ThUt l. m+t cM h+i hBc tUp khi 74fc ?em t/t
cC c2c vUt n.y. 7<y cO r/t nhiJu 7iJu 7c
hBc h6i 78n nhi b/t c^ ng41i n.o 78n th3m
viEn bCo t.ng cQng cO thIm ki8n th^c cho
m]nh.
T=i cQng 7i th3m v.i hCi cCng v. th/y nhKng
con t.u lNn thC neo - \O. *Cnh t4fng t.u b_
khu/y 7+ng trong t=i 4Nc mu,n v4ft 7Hi
d4Mng 7i vAng Yuanh th8 giNi. *2c hoHt
7+ng - b8n cCng thUt sZ g<y cho t=i /n
t4fng s<u sDc.
yi mhi 7Im t=i 7Ju 7i Yuanh th.nh ph,
vi8ng th3m nhKng c=ng viIn v. thDng cCnh
kh2c. = s, 2nh 7_n v. dAng ?e c+ b/t tUn
l.m th.nh ph, r/t s,ng 7+ng. T=i cQng 78n
th3m m+t v.i rHp chi8u bOng. TOm lHi t=i
yIu thach mhi khoCnh khDc t=i s,ng tHi
th.nh ph, Singopore n:i ti8ng n.y.
New words:
j. places of interestm nhKng nMi 72ng chR T, nhKng nMi thR vi
o. strange creaturesm nhKng sinh vUt lH
p. curious kad)lm ham hicu bi8t, tA mA, hi8u ki
q. anchor kvlm b6 neo, thC neo
s. arouse a desirem gfi lIn sZ khao kh2t
t. impress kvlm g<y /n t4fng
u. numerous lightsm nhiJu 2nh 7_n
v. scholar knlm th.nh phFn tra th^c
An unusual opportunity I had
Bi mu
Seldom does one have opportunity of seeing
a fight between a tiger and a crocodile. {,
however, had this opportunity one day when
{ went with my father into a forest in search
of some wild plants.
{ had never been to a forest before.
Therefore, whatever { saw in the forest
interested me greatly. { looked Ht the rich
vegetation all round as well as the variety of
colourful flowers and birds, large and small.
{ saw the activity of some of the wild
creatures, such as snakes, sYuirrels and
insects. #ccasionally, { heard the cry of
some strange animal in pain, perhaps while
being eaten by a larger animal. { also heard
some rustling noises in the undergrowthr but
{ was not afraid of all these. Such things, {
knew, were natural to the forest.
!y father whose only interest was in the
type of plants he wanted for my mother's
garden, however, paid little attention to the
sounds and movements in these green
depths. He continued his search for more
and more of those plants until we reached
one of the banks of a large river in the
forest. There we stopped for a while to en)oy
the sights around.
The scene was peaceful. Then, to our
surprises and honor, we saw a tiger on the
other side of the river. {t was moving Yuietly
and cautiously towards the water for a drink.
" hush fell upon the )ungle. !y father and {
were now too frightened to move from
there.
However, as the tiger put its mouth into the
river there was a sudden swirl of the waters,
and before the tiger could rush out, it was
sei'ed by a huge crocodile. The tiger's howl
of pain and anger filled me and my father
Bi dch
/t hi8m khi ng41i ta cO d%p ?em m+t trUn
72nh nhau giKa m+t con h: v. m+t con c2
s/u. Tuy nhiIn t=i 7W t0ng cO cM h+i n.y v.o
m+t ng.y nB, khi c5ng vNi b, t=i v.o r0ng
7c t]m c<y dHi.
Tr4Nc 7O, t=i ch4a bao gi1 b4Nc ch<n v.o
r0ng. ] th8 b/t c^ 7iJu g] t=i th/y trong khu
r0ng 7O cQng l.m cho t=i thach thR. T=i nh]n
nhKng loHi thCo m+c sum ?uI - khDp nMi
cQng nh4 nhKng loHi hoa c6 v. chim mu=ng
lNn nh6 s|c s9 7L m.u. T=i th/y nhKng lo.i
thR hoang nh4 rDn sOc v. c=n tr5ng 7ang
hoHt 7+ng. Thdnh thoCng t=i nghe ti8ng kIu
cLa m+t lo.i thR lH b% th4Mng, cO le l. b% m+t
con thR lNn hMn 3n th%t. T=i cAn nghe th/y
ti8ng ?.o ?Hc cLa nhKng l5m c<y th/pr
nh4ng t=i kh=ng sf. T=i bi8t nhKng 7iJu n.y
l. phCi cO trong m+t khu r0ng.
*ha t=i chd Yuan t<m 78n nhQng loHi c<y m.
=ng mu,n tryng trong v41n cLa m> nIn at 7c
T tNi nhKng <m thanh v. hoHt 7+ng trong
khu r0ng rUm s<u th;m n.y. ng mCi mI t]m
thIm nhiJu c<y dHi cho 78n khi chRng t=i
78n bIn b1 m+t con s=ng lNn trong r0ng.
*hRng t=i d0ng lHi 7O m+t ch,c 7c ngDm
cCnh vUt ?ung Yuanh.
Xhung cCnh r/t th.nh b]nh. Th8 ryi h8t s^c
ngHc nhiIn v. sf hWi, chRng t=i th/y m+t con
h: bIn kia b1 s=ng. PO 7ang l|ng le v. thUn
trBng ti8n tNi 7c u,ng n4Nc. {m l|ng bao
tr5m lIn khu r0ng rUm. *C cha t=i v. t=i 7Ju
kinh sf 7^ng ch=n ch<n m+t chh.
Tuy nhiIn, khi con h: cRi s<u ?u,ng m|t
s=ng, b/t ng1 m+t ?o2y n4Nc ?=ng lIn v.,
kh=ng k%p chHy tho2t, con h: 7W b% m+t con
c2 s/u kh:ng ly tOm ch|t. Ti8ng rR 7au 7Nn
v. giUn dK cLa con h, l.m t=i v. cha t=i h8t
s^c kinh ho.ng. Ph4ng chRng t=i vn 7^ng
7c ?em k8t cbc cLa trUn Yuy8t chi8n giKa hai
with terrors. et we waited there to see the
end of the struggle between these two lords
of the forest and the river. The crocodile had
the advantage from the beginning. {t used all
its strength to pull the tiger deeper into the
water, and the tiger too fought desperately to
free itself from the )aws of the merciless
reptiler but the tiger soon gave up the
struggle and all was Yuiet again. { now felt
pity for the tiger which had died )ust to slake
its thirst.
Then, my father reminded me of the narrow
escape that we had ourselves had. {f the tiger
had been on this side of the river, one of us
might have died in the way the tiger did, a
victim of animal appetite. "nd as we were
returning home, { began to think of the
struggle for life and savagery that lurks
beneath peaceful scenes.
lo.i chRa tc cLa r0ng ?anh v. s=ng n4Nc.
*on c2 s/u cO lfi th8 ngay t0 lRc 7Fu. PO
d5ng h8t s^c kno con h: ?u,ng n4Nc, v. con
h: cQng chi8n 7/u m+t c2ch tuyEt vBng 7c
tho2t kh6i h.m con c2 s/u t.n bHo. PhKng
ch;ng bao l<u sau con h: thua cu+c v. im
l|ng lHi tr5m lIn khu r0ng. LRc 7O t=i cCm
th/y 72ng th4Mng cho con h: b% ch8t chd v]
kh2t n4Nc.
Th8 ryi cha t=i nhDc t=i nhN 78n sZ tho2t
ch8t mong manh v0a Yua. P8u con h: - b1
s=ng bIn n.y, h;n l. m+t trong hai chRng t=i
7W ch8t nh4 con h:, nHn nh<n cLa lo.i thR
kh2t m2u. . trIn su,t YuWng 741ng vJ nh.,
t=i bDt 7Fu ngh vJ sZ 7/u tranh 7c sinh tyn
v. sZ bHo t.n n s<u d4Ni c2i vz thanh b]nh
cLa cu+c s,ng.
New words:
j. rustling noise knlm ti8ng 7+ng s+t soHt, ?.o ?Hc
o. in these green depthsm trong s<u th;m cLa khu r0ng, trong c5ng th;m cLa khu r0ng
p. cautiously kadvlm cn thUn, thUn trBng
q. hush knlm s4 im l|ng
s. swirl knlm chh n4Nc ?o2y, chh n4Nc cu+n
t. howl knlm rR k7au 7Nnl
u. fill kvlm l.m tr.n ngUp, l.m 7Fy
v. terror knlm sZ kinh ho.ng, nhi khi8p sf
w. merciless kad)lm nhn t<m, t.n nhn
jx. reptile knl m lo.i bA s2t
jj. slake one's thirst m l.m cho 79 kh2t, giCi kh2t
jo. savagery knl m s4 t.n bHo, s4 7+c 2c, h.nh vi t.n bHo, h.nh vi 7+c 2c
jp. jurk kvl m ng/m ngFm, n n/p, nRp, tr,n
The value of liraries
Bi mu
" good library is an ocean of information,
whose boundaries continue to e?tend with
the endless contribution of the numerous
streams of knowledge. Thus, it has a
Bi dch
!+t th4 viEn lNn l. m+t 7Hi d4Mng cLa
th=ng tin m. ranh giNi cLa nO ti8p tbc m-
r+ng vNi sZ 7Ong gOp v= tUn nhKng dAng
su,i tri th^c kh=ng bao gi1 ng0ng lHi. ]
peculiar fascination for scholars, and all
those whose thirst for knowledge is
instable.
The usefulness of libraries in the spread of
knowledge has been proved through the
years. The field of knowledge is so
e?tensive and life is so brief that even the
most avid reader can never e?pect to absorb
it all. Those who have a love for knowledge,
therefore, try to master only a small fraction
of it. Even this reYuires reading of hundreds
of books, cheap and e?pensive, new and old.
ùt few people are able to buy all the books
on the sub)ect in which they wish to attain
proficiency. {t is therefore necessary for
them to visit a good library, where they can
read a great variety of books on the sub)ect
they love. èsides, many old and valuable
books on certain sub)ects are found only in a
good library. Even the original manuscript
of an author, who died several years ago,
can be found in it, sometimes.
Today, men everywhere have discovered the
benefits of learning. !ore and more books
are being written to e?tend human
knowledge and e?perience. Governments
and individuals throughout the world are,
therefore, opening more and more libraries
to enable people to read as many books as
possible. Libraries have been opened even in
the remotest regions of the earth, so that
people who are unable to buy books from
the towns can still gain access to the various
sources of knowledge. !obile libraries
serve the people in various parts of the
earth.
The importance of libraries, however, is felt
most acutely by students in schools and
universities, where most students are
engaged in deep studies. The number of
books that a student has to study, especially
at a university, is so large that unless he
comes from a rich family, he can hardly buy
them all. èsides, many of the books may
not be available in the bookshops within his
reach. {t is therefore to his advantage to visit
vUy nO cO s^c Yuy8n rQ 7|c biEt 7,i vNi c2c
hBc giC v. nhKng ng41i kh2t khao ch<n tr1i
ki8n th^c.
SZ hKu dbng cLa th4 viEn trong viEc truyJn
b2 ki8n th^c 7W 74fc !inh ch^ng h.ng bao
n3m Yua. *2nh 7yng cLa tri th^c th] Yu2
r+ng v. cu+c 71i th] Yu2 ngDn cho nIn ngay
cC nhKng 7+c giC tham lam nh/t cQng 70ng
bao gi1 mong rng se 7Bc 74fc t/t cC. ]
th8, nhKng ng41i yIu m8n tri th^c chd nDm
vKng m+t phFn n.o 7O m. th=i. !. chd th8
th=i cQng phCi 7Bc h.ng tr3m Yuycn s2ch, rz
v. 7Dt, mNi v. cQ. Ph4ng at ai cO thc mua t/t
cC nhKng Yuycn s2ch vJ chuyIn m=n m. hB
mu,n th.nh thHo. ] th8 hB cFn phCi 78n th4
viEn nMi hB cO thc 7Bc thUt nhiJu s2ch vJ
chL 7J yIu thach. HMn nKa nhiJu Yuycn s2ch
Yua gi2 chd cO trong th4 viEn. \=i khi cC m+t
bCn thCo nguyIn g,c cLa m+t t2c giC Yua 71i
c2ch 7<y v.i n3m cQng cO thc t]m th/y trong
th4 viEn.
Pg.y nay, con ng41i - khDp nMi 7W ph2t
hiEn ra lfi ach cLa viEc hBc tUp. Pg.y c.ng
cO nhiJu cu,n s2ch 74fc vi8t 7c m- r+ng
ki8n th^c v. kinh nghiEm con ng41i. ] th8
c2c chanh phL v. c2 nh<n trIn th8 giNi kh=ng
ng0ng m- nhKng th4 viEn giRp ng41i ta 7Bc
c.ng nhiJu s2ch c.ng t,t. Th4 viEn cQng
?u/t hiEn tHi ngay cC - nhKng v5ng ?a ?=i
nh/t cLa tr2i 7/t 7c nhKng ai kh=ng thc mua
s2ch t0 th.nh ph, vn cO th8 ti8p thu nhKng
nguyn ki8n th^c 7a dHng. PhKng th4 viEn di
7+ng phbc vb ng41i 7Bc s2ch - mBi nMi trIn
th8 giNi.
Tuy nhiIn tFm Yuan trBng cLa th4 viEn l. dS
th/y nh/t - sinh viIn, hBc sinh c2c tr41ng
ph: th=ng v. 7Hi hBc, nMi m. phFn lNn hBc
sinh lu=n bUn r+n nghiIn cû. *on s, nhKng
Yuycn s2ch m. m+t sinh viIn phCi nghiIn
cû 7|c biEt - tr41ng 7Hi hBc l. kh2 lNn 78n
nhi gFn nh4 kh=ng thc mua h8t 74fc, tr0 khi
gia cCnh cLa anh ta h8t s^c gi.u cO. HMn
nKa, nhiJu Yuycn s2ch cO thc kh=ng cO sgn
trong hiEu s2ch 7c anh ta mua. ] vUy 78n
th4 viEn r/t l. tiEn lfi.
a good library.
Some people even have then own private
libraries in which they spend their leisure,
reading the books that they have collected
over the years and drive great intellectual
benefit and pleasure.
{n short, libraries have contributed so much
to the e?tension of knowledge that they have
become almost indispensable to all literate
men.
!+t s, ng41i cO th4 viEn riIng 7c khi nh.n
rhi 7Bc nhKng Yuycn s2ch hB 7W s4u tUp
h.ng bao n3m tr1i v. mang vJ niJm vui v.
nguyn tri th^c.
TOm lHi, th4 viEn 7W 7Ong gOp r/t nhiJu
trong viEc m- mang ki8n th^c 78n nhi nO tr-
nIn kh=ng thc thi8u 74fc 7,i vNi t/t cC con
ng41i.
New words:
j. fascination knlm sZ th=i miInr sZ mI ho|c, sZ Yuy8n rQ
o. instable kad)lm kh=ng :n 7%nh
p. avid kad)lm khao kh2t, th_m kh2t, th_m thuyng
q. fraction knlm phFn nh6, mi8ng nh6
s. to attain proficiency kvlm tr- nIn th.nh thHo, gi6i giang
t. manuscript knlm bCn vi8t tay
u. acutely kadvlm s<u sDc
v. intellectual kad)lm kthu+cl tra tuE
w. to drive great intellectual benefitm theo 7u:i lfi ach tri th^c lNn
jx. indispensable kad)lm tuyEt 7,i cFn thi8t, kh=ng thc thi8u 74fc
jj. literate men knlm nhKng ng41i cO hBc
A horrile sight
Bi mu
#n the main roads of $est !alaysia
accidents occur almost every day.
!ost of them are caused by young
drivers who are long of speed. The
recklessness has caused the death of
even careful drivers. $hat { am
about to relate concems the death of
some young people, resulting from
the reckless driving of a young
man.
#n the day in Yuestion, { was
travelling with my brother to {poh.
"s my brother's car was old, he had
Bi dch
TrIn nhKng con 741ng chanh - T<y
!alay?ia tai nHn ?Cy ra hFu nh4
mhi ng.y. &hFn lNn c2c tai nHn l. do
nhKng tay l2i trz 4a thach t,c 7+. SZ
liJu lnh cLa hB 7W g<y nIn c2i ch8t
cLa nhKng l2i ?e thUn trBng kh2c.
PhKng g] t=i sDp kc sau 7<y liIn
Yuan 78n c2i ch8t cLa m+t s, thanh
niIn g<y ra do sZ khinh su/t cLa
m+t t.i ?8 trz.
.o m+t ng.y nh4 vUy, t=i 7ang
trIn 741ng 78n {poh vNi anh t=i. ]
chi8c ?e 7W cQ, anh t=i phCi l2i r/t
to drive slowly. $e left Singapore,
our hometown, very early in the
morning, so that we could reach our
destination before . The slow
)ourney soon made me so tired that
{ fell asleep. However, we broke
our ourney at ong &eng, a small
town in ohore for some
refreshment. $hen we resumed our
)ourney, we saw a number of badly
damaged vehicles in front of the
&olice Station of that town. !y
brother then began to talk about the
various accidents that he had seen
on that road. { began to grow
uneasy about the rest of the )ourney.
!y brother had told me that most of
the accidents occurred within a few
miles of that town. { now began to
fear for our own safety. Then,
suddenly, a car, running at great
speed, outtook our car. !y brother
then predicted that the car would be
involved in an accident soon. "fter
that my heart began to beat fast.
The car was soon out of sight. !y
brother, however, assured me that {
would have an opportunity to see a
very bad accident, and sure enough,
we soon arrived at a distressing
scene.
The car that had overtaken our car
was in a ditch and four young girls
were lying dead on the roadside.
Their faces and clothes were
covered with blood. Some people
were trying to e?tricate the other
occupants, including the young
driver, who were still alive in the
car. ùt all of a sudden, the car was
on fire, and their efforts failed.
Thus, the occupants in the car were
burnt alive, and it was indeed heart
rending to hear their last screams.
Soon a fire engine and the police
arrived with an ambulance, but it
was too late.
chUm. *hRng t=i t0 giW Singapore
YuI h4Mng chRng t=i v.o bu:i s2ng
sNm 7c cO thc 78n nMi tr4Nc khi tr1i
t,i. *huy8n kh-i h.nh chUm chHp
ch;ng m/y ch,c l.m t=i buyn ch2n
78n ngL thi8p 7i. Tuy nhiIn, chRng
t=i d0ng lHi - ong &ens, m+t th%
tr/n nh6 - ohore 7c mua thZc
phm t4Mi. Xhi lIn 741ng tr- lHi,
chRng t=i th/y v.i chi8c ?e h6ng
n|ng tr4Nc s- cCnh s2t cLa th.nh
ph,. "nh t=i bDt 7Fu kc vJ nhKng
tai nHn anh 7W ch^ng ki8n trIn con
741ng 7O. *An t=i cCm th/y byn
chyn su,t cC YuWng 741ng cAn lHi.
"nh t=i b2o t=i rng phFn lNn c2c
tai nHn ?Cy ra c2ch th% tr/n 7O v.i
d|m. LRc 7O t=i cCm th/y lo sf cho
sZ an to.n cLa chRng t=i. Th8 ryi
bhng nhiIn m+t chi8c ?e hMi chHy
h8t t,c lZc v4ft Yua ?e chRng t=i.
"nh t=i 7o2n rng th8 n.o chi8c ?e
kia cQng g<y tai nHn. Sau 7O tim t=i
bDt 7Fu 7Up nhanh hMn.
*h;ng bao l<u, chi8c ?e chHy khu/t
dHng. Ph4ng anh t=i YuC Yuy8t vNi
t=i rng t=i se 74fc d%p nh]n th/y
m+t tai nHn tyi tE, v. 7Rng nh4 th8,
m+t l2t sau chRng t=i 7i 78n m+t
Yuang cCnh thI l4Mng.
*hi8c ?e 7W v4ft ?e chRng t=i lRc
n.y 7ang nm trong con m4Mng v.
b,n c= g2i trz nm ch8t trIn 741ng
ph,. !|t v. YuFn 2o hB bI b8t m2u.
!+t s, ng41i c, s^c giCi tho2t h.nh
kh2ch cAn s,ng trong ?e, v. ng41i
t.i ?8 trzr nh4ng thUt b/t ng1, chi8c
?e b5ng ch2y v. nh lZc cLa hB tiIu
tan. Th8 l. nhKng ng41i trong ?e b%
thiIu s,ng v. ti8ng g.o h/p h,i cLa
hB nh4 ?n lAng. Pgay sau 7O, ?e
cû h6a v. cCnh s2t 78n vNi ?e c/p
cû nh4ng 7W Yu2 mu+n.
\<y thUt l. m+t cCnh t4fng kinh
ho.ng v. cho 78n tUn h=m nay, khi
nOi 78n tai nHn t=i lHi nhN 78n
This was indeed a horrible sight,
and even today the mention of
accidents reminds me of those
piteous screams of the dying ones in
that car.
nhKng ti8ng kIu cû thCm kh,c cLa
nhKng ng41i sDp ch8t trong chi8c ?e
kia.
New words:
j. recklessness knlm tanh thi8u thUn trBng, tanh khinh su/t, tanh liJu lnh
o. to be about tom 7%nh l.m g] ngay, sDp l.m g]
p. in Yuestionm 74fc nOi 78n, 74fc b.n 78n
q. resume kvlm bDt 7Fu lHi, lHi ti8p tbc ksau khi nghd, d0ngl
s. overtake overtook overtaken kvlm v4ft Yua
t. ditch knlm rWnh, m4Mng
u. e?tricate kvlm g9, g9 tho2t, giCi tho2t
v. occupant knlm ng41i s- hKu, ng41i s@ dbng
w. heartrending kad)lm 7au lAng, nWo lAng
jx. piteous kad)lm thCm th4Mng, 72ng th4Mng hHi
!iscuss the part that money plays in our lives
Bi mu
!oney plays an important part in our lives.
{n several aspects, it is the most important
thing in life. {t is therefore much sought
after.
$ithout money we could not buy our food,
clothes and all the other things that we need
to live comfortably. $e reYuire money to
travel, to buy medicine when we are ill and
also to pay for the services rendered to us by
others. {n truth, money is almost
indispensable to our survival. !ost of our
activities are therefore directed towards
earning as much money as possible.
$e use money not only to meet the basic
needs of life but also to pay for our own
advancement. $e use it for education which
helps us to live a better life. Thousands of
students are unable to attend school or
continue their studies for want of money.
Lack of money also causes great hardship
Bi dch
TiJn giK vai trA Yuan trBng trong 71i s,ng
chRng ta. TrIn m+t v.i ph4Mng diEn n.o 7O,
tiJn l. Yuan trBng nh/t trong cu+c s,ng. ]
vUy ng41i ta chHy theo tiJn.
Xh=ng cO tiJn chRng ra kh=ng thc mua thZc
phm, 2o YuFn v. t/t cC nhKng vUt dbng cFn
thi8t cho m+t cu+c s,ng tiEn nghi. *hRng ta
cFn tiJn 7c 7i lHi mua thu,c khi 7au ,m v.
trC cho nhKng d%ch vb m. ng41i kh2c l.m
cho chRng ta. POi cho 7Rng, tiJn hFu nh4
kh=ng thc thi8u vNi sZ tyn tHi cLa chRng ta.
&hFn lNn c2c hoHt 7+ng cLa chRng ta v] th8
h4Nng tNi viEc ki8m ra c.ng nhiJu tiJn c.ng
t,t.
*hRng ta d5ng tiJn bHc kh=ng chd 7c th6a
mWn nhKng nhu cFu t,i thicu trong cu+c
s,ng m. cAn 7c n<ng c/p cu+c s,ng cLa
m]nh. *hRng ta d5ng tiJn trong gi2o dbc 7c
cO cu+c s,ng t,t hMn. H.ng ng.n hBc sinh
kh=ng thc 78n tr41ng hay ti8p tbc hBc tUp
and sorrow in hundreds of families.
Thousands of people are dying everyday
throughout the world because they are not
able to pay their doctors fee or because they
cannot buy nutritious food.
"s money is so important, many crimes are
committed everyday in all parts or the world
to gain possession of it. Some are driven by
hunger and desperation to steal, rob, and
even kill to get at least what they reYuire to
keep body and soul together. #thers commit
the most serious crimes out of sheer greed
for money. Such people cause much trouble
and unpleasantness in society, and to bring
them to )ustice, large sums of money are
spent by every government.
Today, millions of dollars are being spent by
the various governments in the world for the
betterment of the people. Pumerous schools
and hospitals are being built, and hundreds
of acres or land are being cultivated to
produce more food for the growing
population of the world. "s a result, the
world is gradually becoming a better place
to live in.
"t the same time, however, much money is
being wasted in producing deadly weapons
of war. *ountries which have more money
than the others have become more powerful
by strengthening their armed forces. This
has led to rivalries among the powerful
nations, and several parts of the world are in
turmoil. "ll this shows what an important
part money plays in human affairs.
chd v] thi8u tiJn. iEc thi8u tiJn g<y ra khO
kh3n v. nhKng nhi lo lNn cho h.ng tr3m gia
7]nh. TrIn th8 giNi h.ng ng.n ng41i 7ang
ch8t dFn v] hB kh=ng cO tiJn 78 78n b2c s
hay v] hB kh=ng cO tiJn 7c mua thZc phm
gi.u ch/t dinh d49ng.
] tiJn Yuan trBng nh4 th8 nIn hng ng.y
trIn th8 giNi diSn ra r/t nhiJu vb phHm ph2p
7c gi.nh l/y YuyJn s- hKu tiJn. *O ng41i
7iIn kh5ng v] 7Oi kh2t v. tuyEt vBng phCi 7i
3n cDp, 3n tr+m v. ngay cC gi8t ng41i 7c at
nh/t giK cho phFn hyn v. phFn ?2c cLa hB
kh=ng phCi l]a nhau. *O ng41i phHm nhKng
t+i 2c nghiEm trBng nh/t 7Mn giCn chd v]
tham tiJn. PhKng ng41i nh4 vUy g<y ra r/t
nhiJu phiJn to2i v. khO ch%u trong ?W h+i v.
7c 74a hB ra tr4Nc c=ng lT, mhi m+t Yu,c
gia phCi b6 ra nhKng mOn tiJn r/t lNn.
Pg.y nay, nhiJu Yu,c gia 7ang b6 ra h.ng
triEu 7= la 7c cCi thiEn 71i s,ng nh<n d<n.
PhiJu tr41ng hBc v. bEnh viEn 7ang 74fc
?<y dZng. H.ng tr3m mCnh 7/t 7ang 74fc
tryng trBt 7c sCn ?u/t ra nhiJu thZc phm
cho d<n s, 7ang gia t3ng trIn th8 giNi. ]
vUy th8 giNi dFn dFn tr- th.nh m+t nMi c4
ngb t,t hMn.
Tuy nhiIn c5ng lRc 7O, r/t nhiJu tiJn b%
hoang pha 7c sCn ?u/t nhKng vQ kha gi8t
ng41i trong chi8n tranh. PhKng Yu,c gia
nhiJu tiJn hMn tr- nIn h5ng mHnh hMn bng
c2ch t3ng c41ng lZc l4fng vQ trang cLa hB.
\iJu n.y l.m c2c c41ng Yu,c 7i 78n th5
7%ch v. nhiJu nMi trIn th8 giNi 7ang trong
t]nh trHng r,i loHn. T/t cC nhKng 7iJu 7O nOi
lIn rng tiJn Yuan trBng nh4 th8 n.o trong
cu+c s,ng con ng41i.
New words:
j. play an important partm 7Ong m+t vai trA Yuan trBng
o. in several aspectsm ?nt trIn m+t v.i khaa cHnh
p. render kvlm render a servicem giRp 79
q. in truthm thUt sZ, thUt ra
s. survival knlm sZ s,ng cAn, sZ tyn tHi
t. not only... but also... kh=ng nhKng... m. cAn...
u. be unable tom kh=ng thc
v. jack of m thi8u
w. hardshipm sZ gian kh:, sZ th@ th2ch gay go
jx. at leastm at nh/t
jj. sheer kad)lm chd l.
jo. at the same timem c5ng lRc 7O
jp. in turmoilm trong t]nh trHng r,i loHn, hhn 7+n
jq. affairs knlm c=ng viEc, cu+c s,ng
"cience and its effects
Bi mu
#ne of the most striking features of the
present century is the progress of science
and its effects on almost every aspect of
social life. ùilding on the foundation laid
by the predecessors, the scientists of today
are carrying their investigation into ever
widening fields of knowledge.
!odern civili'ation depends largely on the
scientist and inventor. $e depend on the
doctor who seeks the cause and cure of
disease, the chemist who analyses our food
and purifies our water, the entomologist who
wages war on the insect pests, the engineer
who conYuers time and space, and a host of
other specialists who aid in the development
of agriculture and industry.
The advance of science and technology has
brought the different parts of the world into
closer touch with one another than ever
before. $e are able to reach distant lands
within a very short time. $e are also able to
communicate with people far away by
means of the telephone and the wireless. The
invention of the printing machine has made
it possible for us to learn from books and
newspapers about people in other lands.
{ndeed, man's curiosity and resourcefulness
have been responsible for the steady stream
of inventions that have created our
civili'ation.
Bi dch
!+t trong nhKng 7|c 7icm n:i bUt nh/t
trong th8 k hiEn nay l. sZ ti8n b+ cLa khoa
hBc v. Cnh h4-ng cLa nO trIn hFu nh4 mBi
m|t cLa cu+c s,ng ?W h+i. <y dZng trIn
nJn tCng cLa nhKng ng41i 7i tr4Nc, c2c nh.
khoa hBc ng.y nay 7ang ti8n h.nh nghiIn
cû nhKng lnh vZc ki8n th^c lNn ch4a t0ng
cO.
PJn v3n minh hiEn 7Hi phb thu+c phFn lNn
v.o c2c nh. khoa hBc v. nh. ph2t minh.
*u+c s,ng chRng ta phb thu+c v.o c2c b2c s
trong viEc t]m ki8m nguyIn nh<n v. c2ch
chKa bEnh, v.o c2c nh. ho2 hBc ph<n tach
thZc phm v. l.m sHch nguyn n4Nc u,ng,
v.o c2c nh. c=n tr5ng hBc chi8n 7/u vNi c2c
loHi c=n tr5ng g<y hHi, v.o k s4 chinh phbc
th1i gian v. kh=ng gian v. r/t nhiJu nhKng
chuyIn gia kh2c gOp phFn v.o sZ ph2t tricn
cLa n=ng nghiEp v. c=ng nghiEp.
SZ ti8n b+ cLa khoa hBc v. k thuUt 7W l.m
cho c2c n4Nc kh2c nhau trIn th8 giNi ?ach lHi
gFn nhau hMn bao gi1 h8t. *hRng ta cO thc
78n nhKng v5ng 7/t ?a ?=i trong m+t th1i
gian r/t ngDn. *hRng ta cO thc liIn lHc vNi
nhKng ng41i - ?a Yua ph4Mng tiEn 7iEn
thoHi v. m2y v= tuy8n. iEc ph2t minh ra
m2y in giRp chRng ta 7Bc s2ch, b2o vJ con
ng41i - nhKng 7/t n4Nc kh2c.
ThUt vUy tanh tA mA v. t.i th2o v2t cLa con
ng41i l. nguyIn nh<n cLa nguyn ph2t minh
bJn vKng tHo ra th1i 7Hi v3n minh cLa chRng
"t the same time, however, there have been
harmful effects. #ur machine civili'ation is
responsible for numerous accidents and
industrial rivalries among nations. Everyday
hundreds of people are dying from serious
wounds and in)uries. (urther, the rapid
tempo of modern life results in widespread
nervous disorder. !oreover, science, which
has helped man to secure control over
nature, has also made it possible for him to
develop more deadly weapons or war. !ore
and more countries are competing with one
another in the production of war material.
ùt in these instances the fault lies not with
science, but rather with mans intention to
misuse the discoveries of science.
Science is admittedly the dominating
intellectual force of the modern age.
ta ng.y
Tuy nhiIn, bIn cHnh 7O khoa hBc cQng cO
nhKng Cnh h4-ng tai hHi. Th1i 7Hi v3n minh
m2y mOc cLa chRng ta l. nguyIn nh<n cLa
v= s, tai nHn v. nhKng sZ 7,i 7Fu vJ c=ng
nghiEp giKa c2c Yu,c gia. H.ng ng.y h.ng
tr3m ng41i 7ang h/p h,i v] c2c th4Mng tach
trFm trBng. HMn nKa nh%p 7+ t/t bUt cLa cu+c
s,ng hiEn 7Hi g<y nIn sZ r,i loHn thFn kinh
7ang ng.y c.ng lan r+ng. Ìn cHnh 7O,
chanh khoa hBc 7W giRp con ng41i 7Ht 74fc
YuyJn kicm so2t thiIn nhiIn, nhKng cQng
chanh khoa hBc 7W giRp con ng41i tHo ra
c.ng nhiJu vQ kha gi8t ng41i trong chi8n
tranh. Pg.y c.ng nhiJu Yu,c gia cHnh tranh
vNi nhau sCn ?u/t ra trang thi8t bi chi8n
tranh. Ph4ng trong nhKng tr41ng hfp n.y
lhi lFm kh=ng thu+c vJ khoa hBc m. thu+c
vJ con ng41i 7W s@ dbng sai lFm nhKng ph2t
minh khoa hBc.
Xhoa hBc 74fc c=ng nhUn v. lZc l4fng tri
th^c then ch,t cLa k nguyIn hiEn 7Hi ng.y
nay.
New words:
j. striking kad)lm n:i bUt, thu hRt sZ chR T, thu hRt sZ Yuan t<m, 72ng chR T, g<y /n t4fng
o. foundation knlm nJn tCng, nJn mOng
p. predecessor knlm ng41i 7i tr4Nc, ng41i tiJn nhiEm
q. depend on kvlm phb thu+c v.o
s. analyse kvlm ph<n tach
t. purify kvlm l.m sHch, lBc trong, tinh ch8
u. communicate with kvlm liIn lHc vNi, giao thiEp vNi
v. invention knlm sZ ph2t minh, sZ s2ng ch8
w. curiosity knlm sZ ham t]m hicu, tra tA mA, tanh hi8u ki
jx. harmful kadilm g<y tai hHi, cO hHi
jj. compete kvlm 7ua tranh, ganh 7ua, cHnh tranh
jo. intention knlm T 7%nh, mbc 7ach
The rights and duties of a citi#en
Bi mu Bi dch
"lmost every modern state, especially a
democracy, allows its citi'ens several rightsr
but in return, it e?pects its citi'ens to
perform certain duties.
"mong the rights en)oyed by the citi'en in a
democracy are the right to pursue his own
affairs as he prefersr. the right to e?press his
views, however silly they may appear to
others, and the right to move about as he
pleases. The citi'en is considered so
important that his rights are protected by the
law of the state, and whenever they are
infringed, he can secure redress.
ùt in a totalitarian state, the rights of the
citi'en are so restricted that he has
practically no freedom. The citi'en is
supposed to e?ist for the state. His interests
are always subordinated to those of the state.
Thus, his duties e?ceed his rights.
Even in a democracy, however, the citi'en is
e?pected to e?ercise his rights within the
limits of the law. He should not do or say
anything that may affect the rights of others.
{n e?ercising his right to act as he pleases,
for e?ample, he should not try to elope with
another man's wife or say anything
slanderous about her or anyone. {n the same
way, his actions should not cause in)ury or
damage to any individual or his property. He
cannot kill as he pleases. {f his conduct
infringes the rights of others, then those who
have been affected by his misconduct could
take legal action against him and he will be
punished according to the law of the state. {n
this way, the state protects its citi'ens and
their rights from the thoughtlessness of any
individual in the state. This means, of
course, that every citi'en in the state is
e?pected to do his duty to his fellow
citi'ens.
The citi'en is also e?pected to give his
services for the protection of the state in
times of war, and to maintain law and order
in his state, at all times.
HFu nh4 mhi m+t Yu,c gia hiEn 7Hi, 7|c biEt
l. m+t Yu,c gia d<n chL, 7Ju cho phnp c=ng
d<n cO nhKng YuyJn lfi nh/t 7%nhr nh4ng
ng4fc lHi nh. n4Nc cQng yIu cFu c=ng d<n
thi h.nh nhKng b:n phUn cLa m]nh.
Trong s, c2c YuyJn lfi m. c=ng d<n cLa m+t
Yu,c gia d<n chL 74fc h4-ng thb, cO bao
gym YuyJn theo 7u:i nhKng viEc l.m ta
thach, YuyJn 74fc b.y t6 c2c Yuan 7icm cLa
m]nh d5 cho chRng nghe cO vz ngN ngn, v.
YuyJn 74fc 7i lHi t5y thach. Pg41i c=ng d<n
r/t 74fc t=n trBng 78n m^c c2c YuyJn lfi
cLa c=ng d<n 74fc luUt ph2p nh. n4Nc bCo
vE v. b/t ki lRc n.o nhKng YuyJn n.y b% vi
phHm ng41i c=ng d<n cO thc yIu cFu byi
th41ng.
Ph4ng trong m+t Yu,c gia 7+c t.i, c2c
YuyJn lfi cLa c=ng d<n b% hHn ch8 nhiJu 78n
nhi trIn thZc t8 anh ta ch;ng cO chRt tZ do
n.o. Pg41i c=ng d<n 74fc ?em l. phCi tyn
tHi v] nh. n4Nc. *2c lfi ach cLa anh ta lu=n
b% ?em nh> so vNi lfi ach cLa nh. n4Nc. Ph4
vUy, ngha vb cLa c=ng d<n v4ft Yu2 YuyJn
lfi cLa hB. Tuy nhiIn ngay cC trong ch8 7+
d<n chL ng41i c=ng d<n vn phCi s@ dbng
YuyJn lfi cLa m]nh trong giNi hHn cLa ph2p
luUt. "nh ta kh=ng 74fc l.m hay nOi 7iJu g]
Cnh h4-ng 78n YuyJn lfi cLa ng41i kh2c.
*h;ng hHn trong khi s@ dbng YuyJn 74fc
l.m nhKng g] m]nh mu,n, anh ta kh=ng
74fc c, gDng t2n tdnh vf ng41i kh2c hay vu
kh,ng c= ta ho|c b/t ki ng41i n.o kh2c.
T4Mng tZ, nhKng h.nh 7+ng cLa anh ta
kh=ng 74fc g<y th4Mng tach hao t:n hHi 78n
b/t ki c2 nh<n n.o cQng nh4 t.i sCn cLa hB.
P8u anh ta vi phHm YuyJn lfi cLa ng41i
kh2c th] nhKng ng41i b% Cnh h4-ng b-i h.nh
vi sai tr2i cLa anh ta cO thc nh1 78n luUt
ph2p ?nt ?@ anh ta v. anh ta se b% tr0ng tr%
theo ph2p luUt nh. n4Nc. `ng c2ch n.y, nh.
n4Nc bCo vE c2c c=ng d<n v. YuyJn lfi cLa
hB kh6i sZ v= T th^c cLa b/t ki c2c c2 nh<n
n.o trong 7/t n4Nc. \4Mng nhiIn 7iJu n.y
cO ngha l. mBi c=ng d<n trong n4Nc phCi
thZc hiEn ngha vb cLa m]nh vNi nhKng c=ng
d<n kh2c.
Thus every citi'en who is conscious of his
rights should also be conscious of his duties
to the state and his fellow citi'ens.
Pg41i c=ng d<n cQng 74fc yIu cFu thZc
hiEn ngha vb bCo vE t: Yu,c trong chi8n
tranh, duy tr] trUt tZ v. luUt ph2p trong mBi
th1i 7icm.
] th8 mhi c=ng d<n hicu bi8t vJ YuyJn lfi
cQng nIn hicu bi8t vJ ngha vb cLa m]nh 7,i
vNi Yu,c gia v. c2c c=ng d<n kh2c.
New words:
j. democracy knlm nJn d<n chL, ch8 7+ d<n chL
o. rights knlm c2c YuyJn lfi
p. infringe kvlm ?<m phHm, vi phHm
q . redress knlm sZ s@a sai, sZ u,n nDn, s4 7Jn b5, sZ byi th41ng
s. totalitarian kad)lm chuyIn ch8
t. subordinated to kvlm l.m cho phb thu+c v.o
u. slanderous kad)lm vu kh,ng, phd b2ng
v. misconduct knlm h.nh vi sai tr2i
w. thoughtlessness knlm sZ v= T th^c, n=ng cHn, h1i hft
jx. conscious kad)lm bi8t 74fc, nhUn ra, cO T th^c
The most important day in my life
Bi mu
The most important day in my life was the
day when my parents decided to send me to
school.
{ was then about seven years old. { had been
playing with the children living around my
house for some years. { had no thought of
ever going to school. { en)oyed playing to
catch fish from the shallow streams near by.
Sometimes we went to the forest to catch
birds and sYuirrels, and { had always thought
that life would continue to be the same for
me. ùt, one day, to my great sorrow, my
parents suddenly announced that { was no
longer to play about and that { was to go to a
school.
$ords can hardly describe how sad { felt at
the thought of having to go to a school. { had
Bi dch
Pg.y Yuan trBng nh/t trong 71i t=i l. ng.y
ba m> t=i Yuy8t 7%nh g-i t=i 78n tr41ng.
LRc 7O t=i lIn bCy. T=i 7W rong chMi v.i n3m
vNi c2c trz em Yuanh nh.. T=i ch4a bao gi1
ngh 78n viEc 7i hBc. T=i thach chMi c t=i b/t ng1 tuyIn b, rng t=i kh=ng
74fc rong chMi nKa m. phCi 78n tr41ng.
Xh=ng cO t0 n.o diSn tC nhi buyn cLa t=i khi
phCi 7i hBc. T=i th41ng nghe rng c2c thFy
gi2o - tr41ng r/t nghiIm khDc v. dK tfn.
T=i cQng nghe nOi rng cO nhiJu m=n hBc
r/t khO - tr41ng v. t=i kh=ng t.i n.o ch%u
74fc T ngh rng m]nh b% bu+c phCi hBc
often heard that school teachers were very
strict and cruel. { had also been told that
there were many difficult sub)ects to learn in
school and { could not bear the thought of
being compelled to learn them. ùt
everything had been decided for me and {
had no choice but to go to school.
Soon after { was admitted to school,
however, { discovered to my great )oy that
learning in school was a pleasure. { began to
learn about the people and other wonderful
things spread throughout the world. The
teachers were very kind and friendly and
they often told many interesting stories. The
sub)ects that they taught were also very
interesting as a result of all this, { began to
take a keen interest in my lessons and { no
longer wanted to waste my time playing
about.
Today, { am older and { am in a secondary
school, learning more and more about the
world around us. The knowledge that { have
gained has enriched my mind and { have a
better understanding of human problems. {
am also able to speak the English language
with some ease, and { know that my
knowledge of English will prove of great
value in all my future activities. { also know
that if { can pass all my e?aminations, { will
some day occupy an important position in
some profession. { might even become a
minister in the government of my country or
a wellknown person in some way.
Therefore, when { now think of the day
when my parents arrived at the decision to
send me to school, { am filled with love for
them. That was indeed the most important
day in my life, a day which has changed the
whole course of my life.
chRng. Ph4ng mBi viEc 7W 7%nh sgn cho t=i.
T=i kh=ng cAn sZ lZa chBn n.o kh2c ngo.i
viEc 78n tr41ng.
Tuy nhiIn, ch;ng bao l<u sau khi 4ng thuUn
7i hBc, t=i vui s4Nng th/y rng 7i hBc thUt l.
thR v%. T=i bDt 7Fu hBc vJ con ng41i v.
nhKng 7iJu ki diEu kh2c 7ang diSn ra trIn
khDp th8 giNi. *2c thFy gi2o r/t t,t bbng v.
th<n thiEn, hB th41ng kc nhiJu c<u chuyEn
lT thR. ] th8 t=i bDt 7Fu yIu thach c2c b.i
hBc v. kh=ng cAn mu,n pha th1i gian rong
chMi nKa.
Gi1 7<y t=i 7W lNn hMn v. l. m+t hBc sinh
trung hBc 7ang hBc ng.y c.ng nhiJu vJ th8
giNi ?ung Yuanh chRng ra. PhKng ki8n th^c
t=i thu l4fm 74fc l.m phong phR tra Oc t=i
v. t=i 7W hicu bi8t nhiJu hMn vJ c2c v/n 7J
cLa nh<n loHi. T=i cQng cO th8 nOi ti8ng "nh
l4u lo2t, v. t=i bi8t rng ki8n th^c ti8ng "nh
cLa t=i se cO ach trong cu+c s,ng t4Mng lai
cLa m]nh. T=i cQng bi8t rng n8u t=i 7h t/t
cC c2c ki thi, m+t ng.y n.o 7O t=i se giK
m+t v% tra Yuan trBng trong m+t ng.nh nghJ
n.o 7O. ì8t 7 Yuy8t 7%nh
g@i t=i 78n hBc 741ng, trong t=i tr.n ngUp
yIu th4Mng. \O thZc sZ l. ng.y 72ng nhN
nh/t trong cu+c 71i t=i 7O l. ng.y 7W thay
7:i to.n b+ cu+c 71i t=i.
New words:
j. sYuirrel knlm con sOc
o. as a resultm do, v]
p. ease knlm sZ dS d.ng, sZ tho2i m2i
q. minister knlm `+ tr4-ng
The su$ect I consider most important
Bi mu
#f all the sub)ects that { study in school, {
think that English is the most important
sub)ect. {t is mainly through the English
language that we gain access to the various
sources of knowledge.
English is a language which is spoken and
understood by many people in most
countries of the world. {t is, in fact, the most
important means of communication among
the vanous countries of the wodd.
Xnowledge of new discoveries and
inventions in one country is transmitted to
other countries through English for the
benefit of the world. {n this way English
helps to spread knowledge and progress.
{t is true, however, that in the modern age,
the study of Science and !athematics too
should be considered very important.
Science has conferred many benefits in man.
ùt it reYuires little thought to realise that
scientific principles cannot be understood
well without a good knowledge of a
language. "nd, though other languages such
as German and ussian are important in the
world of Science, it is English that plays the
most important role in spreading scientific
knowledge. There is in fact no branch of
study that has not been communicated in
English. The original writings of great
scientists, economists, philosophers,
psychologists and others who did not speak
and write the English language have all been
translated into English. Therefore, one who
has a good knowledge of English has access
to all the sources of information.
(urther, as the English language is used by
people of different lands and cultures, it has
become very rich. {t contains so many
Bi dch
Trong t/t cC c2c m=n t=i hBc - tr41ng, t=i
ngh rng ti8ng "nh l. Yuan trBng nh/t. *hL
y8u nh1 th=ng Yua ti8ng "nh m. chRng ta cO
thc ti8p cUn nhiJu nguyn ki8n th^c 7a dHng.
Ti8ng "nh l. ng=n ngK 74fc nOi v. hicu bi8t
r/t nhiJu ng41i 7ang s,ng tHi phFn lNn c2c
Yu,c gia trIn th8 giNi. TrIn thZc t8 ti8ng
"nh l. ph4Mng tiEn giao ti8p Yuan trBng
nh/t giKa nhiJu Yu,c gia kh2c nhau trIn th8
giNi. Xi8n th^c vJ nhKng ph2t minh v. kh2m
ph2 mNi trong m+t n4Nc 74fc truyJn sang
c2c n4Nc kh2c th=ng Yua ti8ng "nh 7c mang
lHi lfi ach cho c+ng 7yng th8 giNi. `ng c2ch
n.y ti8ng "nh gOp phFn truyJn b2 ki8n th^c
v. sZ ti8n b+.
Tuy nhiIn, ho.n to.n 7Rng khi cho rng
trong k nguyIn hiEn 7Hi, viEc nghiIn cû
Xhoa hBc v. To2n cQng nIn 74fc ?em
trBng. Xhoa hBc 7W ban cho lo.i ng41i nhiJu
ach lfi. Ph4ng kh=ng cFn suy ngh cQng
nhUn th/y rng ng41i ta kh=ng thc hicu bi8t
c2c nguyIn lT khoa hBc m. kh=ng cO ki8n
th^c vJ ng=n ngK. . m|c d5 c2c ng=n ngK
kh2c nh4 ti8ng \^c v. ti8ng Pga cQng Yuan
trBng trong giNi khoa hBc, nh4ng chanh ti8ng
"nh chi8m giK vai trA Yuan trBng nh/t trong
viEc truyJn b2 ki8n th^c khoa hBc. ThUt vUy
kh=ng cO ng.nh nghiIn cû n.o m. kh=ng
liIn Yuan 78n ti8ng "nh. T/t cC nhKng c=ng
tr]nh nghiIn cû nguyIn bCn cLa c2c nh.
khoa hBc, kinh t8 hBc, tri8t hBc, t<m lT hBc
v 7Hi 7Ju 7W 74fc d%ch sang ti8ng "nh. ]
th8 nhKng ai hicu bi8t vJ ti8ng "nh cO thc
ti8p cUn 74fc mBi nguyn th=ng tin.
HMn nKa v] 74fc s@ dbng b-i nhiJu ng41i
cLa nhiJu 7/t n4Nc v. nJn v3n hOa kh2c
nhau, ti8ng "nh tr- nIn r/t phong phR. PO
bao gym r/t nhiJu t0 ngK, T ki8n v. t4
words, ideas and thoughts that a good
knowledge of English enriches the mind and
enables one to e?press oneself well. {t also
helps one to think better and to understand
the people of other lands. {t is for all these
reasons that { consider English the most
important sub)ect in school.
t4-ng, cho nIn m+t sZ hicu bi8t s<u sDc vJ
ti8ng "nh se l.m phong phR tra tuE v. giRp
ta diSn 7Ht T t4-ng cLa m]nh t,t hMn. PO
cQng giRp ta suy ngh t,t hMn v. hi8u bi8t vJ
con ng41i cLa nhKng 7/t n4Nc kh2c. Ni t/t
cC nhKng lT do n.y t=i cho rng ti8ng "nh l.
m=n hBc Yuan trBng nh/t - tr41ng.
New words:
j. various kad)lm kh2c nhau, thu+c vJ nhiJu loHi, 7a dHng
o. transmit kvlm truyJn 7i kYua c2c ph4Mng tiEn th=ng tin 7Hi chRngl
p. progress knlm sZ ti8n b+, sZ ph2t tricn
q. confer kvlm trao t|ng, b.n bHc, h+i T, h6i T ki8n
s. role knlm ch^c n3ng, vai trA
t. philosopher knlm nh. tri8t hBc, tri8t gia
u. psychologist knlm nh. t<m lT hBc
An incident I shall never forget
Bi mu
*ertain incidents so impress us that they
leave an indelible mark on our memory. {
was once involved in an incident of which {
shall always have vivid recollections.
The incident occurred when { visited a
village in {ndia together with my parents,
sometime during my holidays last year.
Early in the morning on the day the incident
occurred, { was talking with a few of my
new friends in that village. "ll of a sudden, a
boy of my age came rushing towards us to
break the news that violence had broken out
in the neighbourhood. "larmed at this news,
we began to protect ourselves, and before
long the violence spread like wild fire
throughout our area. { was a little confused
at first for { had no idea about the cause of
the outbreak of violence there. #ne of my
friends told me that the area had been
notorious for such occurrence owing to
rivalry between two parties. Each party tried
to destroy the influence of the other in that
Bi dch
*O nhKng sZ viEc m. /n t4fng vJ chRng
mHnh me 78n m^c 78 lHi d/u /n kh=ng thc
?Oa nhAa trong kT ^c chRng ta. !+t lFn t=i
7W ch^ng ki8n m+t sZ kiEn m. kT ^c vJ nO
vn mWi s,ng 7+ng trong t=i.
SZ viEc ?Cy ra khi t=i vi8ng th3m m+t l.ng
YuI ~n \+ c5ng vNi b, m> t=i trong ki nghd
n3m ngo2i.
.o bu:i s2ng sNm ng.y ?Cy ra c<u chuyEn,
t=i 7ang trA chuyEn vNi v.i ng41i bHn mNi
trong l.ng. `hng nhiIn, m+t 7â con trai
trHc tu:i t=i chHy vJ phaa chRng t=i b2o tin
rng bHo 7+ng 7W ?Cy ra - v5ng l<n cUn.
\4fc b2o 7+ng, chRng t=i bDt 7Fu tZ vE v.
ch;ng bao l<u cu+c bHo 7+ng 7W lan nhanh
nh4 l@a ch2y Yua v5ng chRng t=i. ThoHt 7Fu
t=i hMi b,i r,i v] kh=ng bi8t nguyIn nh<n n:
ra bHo 7+ng - \O. !+t ng41i bHn cho t=i
bi8t rng v5ng n.y khnt ti8ng vJ nhKng sZ
vb nh4 th8 do sZ th5 ngh%ch giKa hai 7Cng
ph2i. \Cng n.y c, gDng triEt hH Cnh h4-ng
cLa 7Cng kia trong khu vZc v. sZ m<u thun
area, and the bad blood that e?isted between
them had caused several deaths and great
misery to innocent people for a long time.
#fficial influence could not be e?ercised
effectively in this area owing to its
remoteness from the centres of authority.
The members of the rival parties therefore
en)oyed almost complete freedom of action.
The police arrived only when there was
news of violence, and often long after the
damage has been done.
$hile { was listening to this account of facts
and events, the situation suddenly took an
ugly turn. " man who had been standing a
short distance away from us ran into his
house most une?pectedly, and within
minutes his house was abla'e. !y friends
and { then ran towards his house to put out
the firer but we were stopped by a few burly
men who were holding lethal weapons in
their hands. They threatened to kill if we
offered any help to anyone. #ne of them had
even struck me on my head with a stick. $e
realised instantly that we were no match for
them and that discretion was the better part
valour. $e therefore decided to proceed no
further.
Soon the fire from that house began to
spread and several houses were burning.
There were frantic cries for help. !en,
women and children were running in all
directions in their desparate attempts to save
whatever they could from the fire, in spite of
the interference of the gangsters. " few of
the unfortunate ones were burned to death,
including the man who had set fire to his
own house. $e then concluded that the man
must have been so disgusted with what we
had seen for so long that he had no more
desire to live, and this was his way of
putting an end to himself. {t was indeed a
pathetic sight.
Then, after several hours, the police arrived
when more than a Yuarter of the village had
already been burned to ashes. They asked us
several Yuestions to find out if we had
giKa hB 7W l.m m+t s, ng41i thiEt mHng v.
g<y ra sZ b/t hHnh cho nhKng ng41i v= t+i
trong m+t th1i gian d.i. PhKng Cnh h4-ng
cLa chanh YuyJn kh=ng cO hiEu YuC - v5ng
n.y b-i nO Yu2 ?a c2c trung t<m YuyJn lZc.
*2c phFn t@ cLa hai 7Cng ph2i th5 ngh%ch v]
th8 hFu nh4 74fc tZ do hoHt 7+ng. *Cnh s2t
chd ?u/t hiEn khi cO tin t^c vJ vb bHo 7+ng
v. th41ng l. r/t l<u sau khi c2c thiEt hHi 7W
?Cy ra.
Trong khi t=i lDng nghe giCi thach vJ tin t^c
v. sZ viEc n.y, t]nh th8 7W bhng chuycn sang
m+t b4Nc ngo|t nguy hicm. !+t ng41i 7.n
=ng 7^ng c2ch chRng t=i kh=ng ?a bhng
chHy v.o nh., v. chd trong v.i phRt ng=i nh.
cLa =ng ta b,c l@a. *2c bHn t=i v. t=i chHy
vJ phaa ng=i nh. 78 dUp tDt l@a, nh4ng
chRng t=i b% ng3n c2n b-i nhKng ng41i 7.n
=ng lZc l4fng mang vQ kha gi8t ng41i trong
tay. HB dBa se gi8t chRng t=i n8u chRng t=i
giRp 79 b/t ki ng41i n.o. !+t ng41i trong
s, hB thUm cha 7W d5ng gUy 72nh v.o 7Fu
t=i. Pgay lUp t^c chRng t=i th/y m]nh kh=ng
phCi l. 7,i thL cLa hB, 7yng th1i cQng nhUn
ra rng liJu lnh lRc n.y l. kh=ng thach hfp.
] th8 chRng t=i Yuy8t 7%nh kh=ng ti8n thIm
b4Nc n.o nKa.
Trong phRt ch,c l@a t0 ng=i nh. ch2y lan ra
v. v.i ng=i nh. kh2c cQng b% ch2y. \<y 7O
vang lIn nhKng ti8ng kIu cû 7iIn cuyng.
\.n =ng, 7.n b. v. trz em chHy to2n loHn
trong sZ nh lZc tuyEt vBng 78 cû l/y b/t c^
c2i g] cO thc t0 ngBn l@a b/t kc sZ can thiEp
cLa nhKng tIn c=n 7y. !+t v.i ng41i rLi ro
b% thiIu cho 78n ch8t, trong s, 7O cO ng41i
7.n =ng 7W 7,t nh. m]nh. Sau 7O chRng t=i
k8t luUn rng h;n l. ng41i 7.n =ng 7O v] Yu2
ghI t-m vNi nhKng g] chRng t=i 7W ch^ng
ki8n trong m+t th1i gian d.i 78n nhi =ng ta
kh=ng mu,n s,ng nKa v. 7<y l. c2ch =ng
k8t thRc cu+c 71i =ng. ThUt l. m+t cCnh
t4fng bi th4Mng.
yi sau 7O v.i gi1 cCnh s2t ?u/t hiEn khi
hMn m+t phFn t4 ng=i l.ng 7W ch2y ra tro.
HB ch/t v/n chRng t=i 7c ?em chRng t=i cO
tham dZ v.o cu+c bHo 7+ng hay kh=ng. ] l.
ourselves participated in the violence. "s {
was foreigner who would be leaving that
village the following day, { had the courage
to answer all their Yuestions and to point out
the men who had threatened to kill us. Those
men were then arrested together with other
suspects.
Early ne?t morning, my parents and { left
the village with no more desire to revisit
this placer but my memory of this incident
will remain fresh forever.
m+t ng41i ngoHi Yu,c se r1i l.ng v.o ng.y
h=m sau, t=i 7W can 7Cm trC l1i t/t cC c t=i v. t=i tHm biEt
ng=i l.ng m. kh=ng mong tr- lHir nh4ng ka
^c vJ sZ kiEn n.y se mWi mWi kh=ng phai m1
trong t=i.
New words:
j. incident knlm bi8n c,
o. indelible kad)lm kh=ng thc ty sHch, kh=ng thc g+t sHch
p. vivid kad)lm s,ng 7+ng, mHnh me
q. all of a suddenm b/t th]nh l]nhr m+t c2ch b/t ng1
s. confused kad)lm b,i r,i, lRng tRng
t. notorious kad)lm khnt ti8ng, cO ti8ng ?/u
u. owing to kad)lm do, v], b-i v]
v. rivalry knlm sZ k]nh 7%ch, sZ ganh 7ua
w. remoteness knlm sZ ?a ?=i, hzo l2nh
jx. abla'e kad)lm rZc ch2y, b,c ch2y
jj. lethal weapons knlm vQ kha ch8t ng41i
jo. discretion was the better part of valourm liJu lnh 7Rng chh th] mNi 72ng liJu lnh
jp. frantic kad)lm 7iIn cuyng, 7iIn ry
jq. desperate kad)lm tuyEt vBng, liJu mHng, liJu lnh
js. conclude kvlm k8t luUn
jt. disgusted kad)lm ch2n ghnt, phn n+
The value of music in the happiness of man
Bi mu
!usic has always been a source of
happiness to all men on the earth. (rom their
primitive days, men's love of music has led
them to make instruments of all descriptions
to produce beautiful music for their
en)oyment and happiness.
$ithout music the world would indeed be a
very dull place to live in. Even nature is full
Bi dch
m nhHc lu=n lu=n l. nguyn hHnh phRc cho
mBi ng41i trIn tr2i 7/t n.y. T0 thu- ban sM,
lAng say mI <m nhHc 7W khi8n con ng41i
s2ng tHo nhKng nhHc cb 7L loHi 7c tHo ra <m
7iEu tuyEt v1i mang lHi thach thR v. hHnh
phRc cho m]nh.
Xh=ng cO <m nhHc th8 giNi thZc sZ tr- th.nh
nMi c4 ngb buyn tz. Pgay cC thiIn nhiIn
of music. There is music in the movements
of the winds, the sea, as well as the treesr
there is music in the calls of the birds, flies
and insects and also in the night of the birds
and animals. {t is from all these things that
men have learnt to appreciate the value of
music. The same things have also taught
men how to produce music from the
simplest of things such as sticks, bamboos,
and animal horns. !en make many kinds of
flutes with bamboos which produce
beautiful music.
That music is very important for men's
happiness is hard to deny. !usic removes
men's depression and fills them with
gladness. {t is for this reason that music is
played even in hospitals to cheer up the sick
people.
"s music has the capacity to make men
happy, it contributes greatly to men's success
in life. " happy man is a good and hard
worker. He works happily among people and
>arns the goodwill or all around. &eople
like to associate with him and to employ
him in all kinds of work. Thus, he leads a
happy and successful life.
The value of music in the happiness of man
is therefore great.
cQng tr.n 7Fy <m nhHc. *O ti8ng du d4Mng
trong nhKng chuycn 7+ng cLa giO, cLa bicn
cC cQng nh4 cLa c<y ?anh. *O <m 7iEu rno
rDt trong ti8ng hOt cLa chim chOc, ti8ng vo
ve cLa ruyi muhi v. c=n tr5ng cQng nh4 <m
thanh trong ti8ng vh c2nh bay 7i hay chHy
nhCy cLa chim v. thR r0ng. T0 7O con ng41i
7W bi8t cCm nhUn gi2 tr% cLa <m nhHc. *Qng
chanh nhKng <m thanh 7O 7W giRp con ng41i
tHo ra <m nhHc t0 nhKng dbng cb th= sM nh/t
nh4 gUy, tre v. s0ng 7+ng vUt. *on ng41i 7W
ch8 tHo ra nhiJu loHi s2o bng tre ph2t ra
nhKng <m thanh du d4Mng.
XhO m. phL nhUn rng nhHc r/t Yuan trBng
tNi hHnh phRc con ng41i. m nhHc ?oa d%u
nhi buyn cLa con ng41i v. l.m hB tr.n 7Fy
niJm vui. \O l. lT do tHi sao <m nhHc 74fc
s@ dbng trong bEnh viEn 7c khach lE tinh
thFn bEnh nh<n.
] <m nhHc cO thc l.m cho con ng41i hHnh
phRc, nO gOp phFn Yuan trBng cho sZ th.nh
c=ng cLa cBn ng41i trong cu+c s,ng. !+t
ng41i hHnh phRc l. m+t ng41i l.m viEc t,t
v. siIng n3ng. "nh ta l.m viEc giKa mBi
ng41i v. lu=n 74fc mBi ng41i yIu m8n.
Pg41i ta thach k8t bHn vNi anh ta, thach thuI
anh ta l.m mBi c=ng viEc. ] th8 cu+c s,ng
cLa anh ta lu=n sung s4Nng v. th.nh c=ng.
TOm lHi <m nhHc cO gi2 tr% to lNn trong hHnh
phRc con ng41i.
New words:
j. instrument knlm nhHc cb
o. appreciate kvlm 72nh gi2 7Rng, 72nh gi2 cao, hicu r gi2 tr%, th4-ng th^c
p. flute knlm ,ng s2o
q. capacity knlm cO khC n3ng
s. associate kvlm k8t giao, giao thiEp
The advantages and disadvantages of the cinema
Bi mu Bi dch
The influence that the cinema e?erts on the
minds of those who visit it is at once
beneficial and harmful.
Today, there is a cinema in almost every
town. The cinema provides so much
entertainment that few people fail to visit it.
#ne of the reasons for the popularity of the
cinema is that, it entertains all types of
people, young and old, literate and illiterate.
ècause it is so popular, it must e?ercise
some influence on those whom it attracts.
The films shown in the cinema are often
very instructive and informative. "lmost
every film shows something about the
activities and customs of the people in other
lands. `y seeing such films, one learns a lot
about human activities. #ne also gains a
better understanding of people of the world.
(urther, some films show the battles that
were fought in the past. They also
sometimes show very vividly how man has
struggled through the centuries to remove
discomfort from his life. {n this way, some
films have given many people an insight
into the past. Even illiterate people have
benefited from such films. $hat they cannot
acYuire from books owing to their inability
to read, they can acYuire from films. School
students, too, often benefit from a visit to
the cinema. $hat they see and hear in the
cinema makes a better impression on their
minds than only the spoken words or their
teachers. (or e?ample, a teacher of history
can hardly describe a battle scene to his
students as vividly as a film does. (or all
these reasons, the cinema is often regarded
as an important means of spreading
knowledge.
{t must be admitted, however, that some
films have e?erted an evil influence on
many people. (ilms which show the
activities of criminals have encouraged
many youths to commit acts or crime. #ther
films, too, such as those dealing with se?
and other natural weaknesses of man, have
PhKng Cnh h4-ng m. rHp chi8u phim t2c
7+ng 78n t4 t4-ng cLa c2c kh2n giC 78n ?em
v0a cO lfi cQng v0a cO hHi.
Pg.y nay hFu nh4 th.nh ph,, th% tr/n n.o
cQng cO rHp chi8u bOng. Hp chi8u bOng
mang lHi sZ giCi tra to lNn 78n nhi kh=ng
m/y ai ch4a t0ng 78n rHp 7c ?em phim. !+t
trong nhKng lT do l.m cho rHp chi8u bOng
74fc 4a thach l. v] 7<y l. ph4Mng tiEn giCi
tra cLa mBi ng41i d<n, d5 gi. hay trz, tra
th^c hay th/t hBc. ] phim Cnh kh2 ph:
bi8n, nO cO t2c 7+ng 78n nhKng ng41i thach
?em phim.
PhKng b+ phim 74fc chi8u - rHp th41ng cO
tanh ch/t truyJn b2 ki8n th^c v. th=ng tin.
HFu nh4 mhi b+ phim 7Ju kc chuyEn vJ
nhKng sinh hoHt, phong tbc cLa con ng41i -
nhKng ?^ s- kh2c. `ng c2ch ?em phim,
ng41i ta hBc 74fc r/t nhiJu vJ sinh hoHt con
ng41i. Pg41i ta cQng cO thc hicu nhiJu hMn
vJ c2c d<n t+c trIn th8 giNi.
HMn nKa, cO nhKng phim kc vJ c2c cu+c
chi8n tranh trong Yu2 kh^. PhiJu b+ phim
kc lHi m+t c2ch r/t sinh 7+ng cu+c 7/u tranh
cLa con ng41i Yua h.ng th8 k 7c cCi thiEn
71i s,ng cLa m]nh. `ng c2ch n.y phim Cnh
7W cho con ng41i c2i nh]n s<u sDc vJ Yu2
kh^. Pgay cC ng41i hBc cQng thu 74fc
nhiJu lfi ach khi ?em c2c phim n.y. HB cO
thc ?em phim 7c nDm bDt 74fc nhKng 7iJu
m. hB kh=ng 7Bc 74fc trong s2ch v] m5
chK. HBc sinh, sinh viIn cQng hBc 74fc
nhiJu 7iJu b: ach sau khi ?em phim. T/t cC
nhKng 7iJu hB nghe v. th/y trong phim cO
/n t4fng s<u 7Um trong tra t4-ng cLa hB hMn
b/t ki b.i giCng n.o cLa gi2o viIn. *h;ng
hHn m+t gi2o viIn l%ch s@ hFu nh4 kh=ng thc
miIu tC cho hBc sinh Yuang cCnh trUn 72nh
sinh 7+ng nh4 phim Cnh. ] th8 phim Cnh
74fc ?em l. m+t ph4Mng tiEn Yuan trBng 7c
truyJn b2 ki8n th^c.
Tuy nhiIn phCi th0a nhUn rng phim Cnh 7W
g<y ra Cnh h4-ng t+i lhi cho nhiJu ng41i.
PhKng b+ phim vJ c2c hoHt 7+ng t+i phHm
7W khuyIn khach nhiJu thanh niIn phHm
corrupted the morals of many people. "s a
result, the governments of many countries
have been compelled to interfere in the
display and production of certain films. et,
the cinema continues to retain its
popularity.
ph2p. PhKng b+ phim kh2c vJ t]nh dbc v.
bCn n3ng y8u 7u,i cLa con ng41i 7W l.m suy
7yi 7Ho 7^c cLa kh2 nhiJu ng41i. ] vUy
chanh YuyJn cLa nhiJu n4Nc 7W bu+c phCi
can thiEp v.o viEc sCn ?u/t v. tr]nh chi8u
phim Cnh. V5 vUy, rHp chi8u phim vn ti8p
tbc duy tr] 74Mc tanh 7Hi chRng cLa m]nh.
New words:
j. entertainment knlm sZ giCi tra, sZ tiIu khicn
o. entertain kvlm phbc vb
p. literate kad)lm cO hBc, bi8t 7Bc bi8t vi8t
illiterate kad)lm m5 chK th/t hBc
q. struggle kvlm 7/u tranh
s. acYuire kvlm 74fc, gi.nh 74fc, thu 74fc
t. regard kvlm coi nh4, ?em nh4
u. commit kvlm phHm ph2p, can phHm v.o
v. weakness knlm 7icm y8u, khuy8t 7icm, lhi
w. corrupt kvlm l.m b3ng hoHi, l.m cho 7yi bHi
jx. morals knlm 7Ho 7^c, 7^c hHnh, phm hHnh
!escrie some of the interesting places in your country
Bi mu
Though my country is small, yet there are
many places of interest spread throughout
the country.
{n the southern most part of the country,
where the state of ohore lies, there are some
very interesting and beautiful places. {n
Xota Tinggi, for e?ample, there are beautiful
waterfalls which are visited by many people
everyday. Then, there is ohore Lama, a
place of great historical interest. {n ohore
àhru, there is a beautiful beach which is
visited daily by several people who love the
sea. {n àtu &ahat, another town in ohore,
is !inyak ùku, an interesting place on the
coast.
"s we go towards the north, we arrive at
!alacca, the oldest town that the Europeans
Bi dch
V5 chd l. m+t Yu,c gia nh6 bn nh4ng trIn
khDp 7/t n4Nc t=i cO r/t nhiJu thDng cCnh.
v5ng cZc nam cLa 7/t n4Nc, nMi cO ticu
bang ohore, cO r/t nhiJu cCnh sDc 7>p 7e v.
thR v%. Xota Tinggi ch;ng hHn cO nhKng
th2c n4Nc tuyEt v1i m. hng ng.y cO r/t
nhiJu du kh2ch 78n chiIm ng49ng. Sau 7O
l. ohore Lama, m+t thDng c2nh l%ch s@ n:i
ti8ng. ohore àhru cO m+t bWi bicn 7>p
m. nhiJu ng41i yIu bicn th41ng ghn 78n
mhi ng.y. àtu &ahat, m+t th% tr/n kh2c
cLa ohore, cO !inyak ùku, m+t phong
cCnh lT thR v5ng duyIn hCi.
J phaa bDc chRng ta 78n !alacca, th% tr/n
c: ?4a nh/t m. ng41i ch<u u 7W chi8m
7Ong tHi !alaya tr4Nc 7<y. *O thc th/y trIn
c2c to. nh. - 7<y d/u /n s<u 7Um cLa ng41i
occupied in !alaya in the past. The
influences of the &ortuguese and the Vutch
can still be seen in many of the buildings
there.
(urther north lies &ort Vickson which is
well known for its beautiful beaches.
{n Xuala Lumpur, the capital of !alaysia,
there are many places of interest such as
àtu *aves, the 'oo and the museum. The
city itself is an interesting place to visit.
"nother beautiful town is &enang, situated
on an island. The sea around it makes it the
most beautiful town in the country.
(inally, the paddy ficlds in the northern
most parts of the country are also very
beautiful and interesting to look at. #n the
east coast of the country too there are some
beautiful towns such as Xuantan and Xuala
Trenganu. "ll these places have indeed
made my country an interesting place to live
in.
`y \.o Pha v. H. Lan.
a hMn vJ phaa bDc l. cCng Vickson n:i
ti8ng vNi nhKng bWi bicn 7>p.
Xuala Lumpur thL 7= !alay?ia cO nhiJu
thDng cCnh nh4 hang 7+ng àtu, v41n thR
v. viEn bCo t.ng. Pgay chanh th.nh ph, n.y
cQng l. m+t nMi thR v% cho du kh2ch tham
Yuan.
!+t th% tr/n ?inh 7>p kh2c l. &enang, toH lHc
trIn m+t hAn 7Co. 5ng bicn Yuanh 7Co giRp
cho &enang tr- th.nh th.nh ph, 7>p nh/t
cLa 7/t n4Nc.
*u,i c5ng l. nhKng c2nh 7yng lRa - v5ng
cZc bDc cLa 7/t n4Nc, tHo nIn cCnh Yuan 7>p
mDt v. h/p dn. THi v5ng bicn phaa 7=ng cLa
7/t n4Nc cQng cO m+t v.i th% tr/n ?inh 7>p
nh4 Xuantan v. Xuala Trengalu. T/t cC
nhKng thDng c2nh n.y thUt sZ l.m cho 7/t
n4Nc chRng t=i tr- th.nh m+t v5ng 7/t tuyEt
v1i 7c sinh s,ng.
New words:
j. waterfall knlm th2c n4Nc
o. occupy kvlm chi8m, chi8m lnh, chi8m c^
p. situate kvlm nm, ?<y dZng -
q. paddy field knlm ru+ng lRa, c2nh 7yng, n4Mng lRa
%hat career &ould you li'e to choose after leaving school
Bi mu
Today, it is not easy to choose a career.
Hundreds of students pass various
e?aminations every year and compete with
one another for positions in the various
professions which are not so many as there
are applicants. { would, however, like to
choose teaching as my career.
Teaching is an interesting career for several
Bi dch
Pg.y nay, chBn nghJ l. m+t 7iJu ch;ng dS
d.ng. H.ng tr3m sinh viIn trCi Yua nhiJu ki
thi mhi n3m v. tranh 7ua vNi nhau 7c gi.nh
chh trong nhiJu ng.nh nghJ kh2c nhau m.
s, l4fng at 6i hMn nhiJu so vNi s, ^ng c@
viIn. *An t=i, t=i mu,n tr- th.nh m+t thFy
gi2o.
*O nhiJu lT do 7c cho rng dHy hBc l. m+t
reasons. "s a teacher { can learn many
things, especially if { teach to an udder
secondary school. {f { teach History or
English, for e?ample, { have to read many
books to make my teaching lessons more
interesting to my pupils. Thus, { can acYuire
more knowledge of the sub)ects that { teach
than what { can learn from the class te?t
books. {t is indeed a fact that a teacher
learns a lot from the class te?t booksr but
that is hardly enough to make the teacher's
lessons interesting to pupils. " good teacher
must therefore read many other books.
"gain, as a teacher, { have to speak well so
that my pupils will be able to understand my
instructions well. {n this way { can improve
my powers of e?pression. Even my
pronunciation of words will improve to
great e?tent.
(urther, as a teacher, { shall have enough
leisure to read and prepare for various
e?aminations. {t is possible today to sit for
many important e?aminations by studying
entirely at home. Thus, { can acYuire
important Yualifications.
(inally, as a teacher { will be respected as an
educated person. &eople will assume that {
have certain Yualifications and show their
regard for me and the opinions that {
e?press. Thus, { shall be able to live a happy
nghJ thR v%. L.m gi2o viIn t=i cO thc hBc h6i
74fc nhiJu 7iJu, 7|c biEt n8u t=i dHy N m+t
tr41ng trung hBc ph: th=ng. P8u t=i dHy
L%ch s@ hay "nh v3n ch;ng hHn, t=i phCi 7Bc
nhiJu s2ch 7c b.i giCng tr- nIn thR v% hMn
7,i vNi hBc sinh. Ph4 vUy t=i se ti8p thu
74fc nhiJu ki8n th^c vJ c2c 7J t.i m]nh
7ang dHy hMn l. nhKng g] cO thc 7Bc Yua
s2ch gi2o khoa - lNp. }uC thZc kh=ng thc
phL nhUn rng m+t gi2o viIn hBc 74fc r/t
nhiJu 7iJu t0 s2ch gi2o khoar nh4ng nh4 th8
vn ch4a 7L 7c l.m cho b.i hBc h/p dn vNi
hBc sinh. !+t gi2o viIn gi6i phCi 7Bc nhiJu
Yuycn s2ch kh2c nKa.
T4Mng tZ, 7c l.m m+t gi2o viIn gi6i t=i phCi
cO khC n3ng diSn 7Ht t,t 7c hBc sinh cO thc
hicu 74fc nhKng chd dn cLa m]nh. `ng
c2ch n.y t=i cO thc ph2t tricn khC n3ng diSn
7Ht cLa m]nh. Pgay cC c2ch ph2t <m cLa t=i
cQng se t,t hMn nhiJu.
HMn nKa, n8u l. m+t gi2o viIn t=i se cO 7L
th1i gian rCnh rhi 7c 7Bc s2ch v. =n luyEn
cho nhiJu ki thi kh2c nhau. Pg.y nay chRng
ta cO thc ho.n to.n tZ hBc - nh. 7c =n luyEn
cho nhiJu ki thi Yuan trBng. Ph1 vUy t=i cO
thc cO nhKng bng c/p Yuan trong.
*u,i c5ng, khi l.m gi2o viIn t=i se 74fc
kanh trBng nh4 m+t ng41i tra th^c. !Bi
ng41i se c=ng nhUn rng t=i cO n3ng lZc, hB
se coi trBng t=i cQng nh4 nhKng T ki8n t=i
74a ra. Ph4 vUy cu+c s,ng cLa t=i se r/t
hHnh phRc.
New words:
j. career knlm nghJ nghiEp, sZ nghiEp
o. applicant knlm ng41i ?in viEc
p. uppersecondary schoolm tr41ng trung hBc, ph: th=ng, c/p ba
q. pronunciation knlm sZ ph2t <m, c2ch ph2t <m
s. leisure knlm th1i gian nh.n rhi
u. entirely kadvlm ho.n to.n, to.n v>n, trBn v>n
u. Yualification knlm khC n3ng chuyIn m=n, tr]nh 7+ chuyIn m=n, tiIu chun chuyIn m=n, v3n
bng, hBc v%
v. respect kvlm kanh trBng, t=n trBng
w. assume kvlm cho rng, th0a nhUn
%hy is agriculture important in the &orld of today(
Bi mu
Since the dawn of history, agriculture has
been one of the important means of
producing food for human consumption.
Today more and more lands are being
developed for the production of a large
variety of crops. {n "sia, vast areas of land
are being used to produce rice, wheat,
rubber and a variety of other crops. !ore
than half of the lands occupied and
developed by human beings in the world are
devoted to agriculture.
That agriculture is one of the most essential
means of producing food is realised easily
when we think of the types of things that we
eat. The rice or wheat that we eat comes
from the land. Even potatoes and other roots
or vegetables and even leaves such as tea, as
well as the fruits that men eat are the
products of the soil that covers the earth. {n
fact, everything that we eat, e?cept meat,
fish and other kinds of flesh come from the
land, and what grows on the land is part of
agriculture. Even the sugar, oil, coffee and
other beverages that we use are products of
plants that grow on land. {n the same way,
many of the medicines that we use are made
of plants that grow in various parts of the
world. The tobacco that we use for
rela?ation also comes from a plant.
Thus, it can be easily observed that without
agriculture we would be almost without
food. {t is true, however, that in the remote
past men did live mainly on flesh that he
obtained by hunting. ùt such a kind of life
was unhappy and inconvenient, for animals
were not found everywhere easily.
Therefore, men turned to agriculture for his
livelihood. Today, agriculture continues to
provide almost all the food that men reYuire
to survive on the earth.
Bi dch
T0 bu:i b]nh minh cLa l%ch s@, n=ng nghiEp
7W tr- th.nh ph4Mng tiEn sCn ?u/t thZc phm
Yuan trBng cho con ng41i tiIu thb. HiEn nay
ng.y c.ng cO nhiJu 7/t 7ai 74fc khai khn
7c sCn ?u/t nhKng vb m5a lNn. ch<u
nhKng v5ng 7/t mInh m=ng 7ang 74fc s@
dbng 7c tryng lRa gHo, lRa mHch, cao su v.
nhiJu hoa m.u kh2c. HMn m+t n@a diEn tach
7/t 7ai m. con ng41i 7W chi8m hKu v. khai
ph2 trIn th8 giNi 74fc d.nh 7c ph2t tricn
n=ng nghiEp.
TFm Yuan trBng thi8t y8u cLa n=ng nghiEp
trong vai trA ph4Mng tiEn sCn ?u/t thZc
phm cO thc 74fc dS d.ng nhUn ra khi
chRng ta ngh 78n c2c loHi thZc phm m]nh
th41ng 3n. LRa gHo v. lRa mHch chRng ta 3n
mBc t0 7yng ru+ng. Pgay cC khoai t<y hay
nhKng loHi rau cL kh2c, kc cC l2 c<y nh4 l2
tr., cQng nh4 c2c loHi tr2i c<y m. cQng l.
sCn phm cLa lNp 7/t bao phL bJ m|t tr2i
7/t. TrIn thZc t8, t/t cC nhKng g] chRng ta 3n
tr0 th%t, c2 v. nhKng th^ th%t s,ng kh2c 7Ju
sinh ra t0 7/t 7ai, v. nhKng g] mBc trIn 7/t
7Ju l. m+t phFn cLa n=ng nghiEp. Pgay cC
741ng, dFu, c. phI v. c2c th^c u,ng kh2c
cQng 7Ju l. sCn phm cLa thZc vUt mBc trIn
7/t. T4Mng tZ, nhiJu v% thu,c chRng ta l/y t0
c2c thZc vUt - nhiJu nMi trIn th8 giNi. Thu,c
l2 m. chRng ta d5ng 7c th4 giWn cQng l/y t0
m+t loHi c<y.
Ph4 vUy dS d.ng nhUn th/y rng kh=ng cO
n=ng nghiEp, chRng ta hFu nh4 cQng kh=ng
cO thZc phm. Tuy nhiIn sZ thUt l. v.o th1i
?a ?4a con ng41i s,ng chL y8u nh1 v.o th%t
7+ng vUt ki8m 74fc khi s3n bDn. Ph4ng m+t
cu+c s,ng nh4 th8 kh=ng sung s4Nng v.
thoCi m2i b-i v] kh=ng phCi - 7<u cQng dS
d.ng t]m th/y thR vUt. ] vUy con ng41i
chuycn sang n=ng nghiEp 7c nu=i s,ng bCn
th<n hB. Pg.y nay, n=ng nghiEp ti8p tbc
cung c/p phFn lNn l4Mng thZc cFn thi8t cho
sZ tyn tHi cLa lo.i ng41i trIn tr2i 7/t.
New words:
j. dawn knlm b]nh minh, bu:i 7Fu
o. agriculture knlm n=ng nghiEp
p. consumption knlm sZ tiIu thb, sZ tiIu d5ng
q. variety knlm nhiJu th^ 7L joHi, sZ 7a dHng
s. flesh m th%t
t. remote kad)lm ?a ?=i, ?a ?3m
u. inconvenient kad)lm b/t tiEn, thi8u tiEn nghi
v. livelihood knlm ph4Mng k8 sinh nhai, sinh k8
Phn )
A heroic deed
The story of man is full of heroic deeds. #ne of the acts of heroism that { have seen myself was that
of my uncle, who was attacked by a huge tiger while we were in our plantation, one day.
!y uncle, a young and wellbuilt man, and { had left our home early in the morning to do some
work in the plantation. $hen we reached there, we could hear some dogs barking in the distance.
ùt we did not suspect anything, and began to do our work.
$hile we were working, however, we noticed some footprints of some animal. $e then e?amined
them closely and were satisfied that they did not belong to any member of the cat family, the most
ferocious of animals. $e then resumed our work. !y uncle took a long knife and began to cut some
sticks and branches of plants scattered throughout the plantation, while { did some other work.
Soon, however, { saw a movement in the bush, a short distance away. { was alarmed. { ran up to my
uncle to draw his attention, but he was hardly interested in what { had to say. He continued to do his
work. ùt shortly afterwards, my uncle himself observed the movement in the bush. et, he showed
no signs of fear, and his composure dispelled my an?ieties. He warned me, however, to be careful,
and picked up an a?e that had been lying on the ground. His knife, he gave to me. Then, he moved
slowly and cautiously towards the bush, ready for any attack.
To our horror, a huge tiger soon emerged from the bush. ùt my uncle was prepared to face it, to
escape seemed impossible. The tiger too seemed to be fully aware of the strength and courage of its
adversary. {t paused several times while advancing towards my uncle. Then all of a sudden, it
sprang on my uncle, but his agility enabled him to escape the sharp claws of the brute with the
slightest in)ury. Pow with the a?e still in his firm grip, my uncle struck the tigers face again and
again, until it was bleeding profusely. The length of the handle of the a?e made it difficult for the
tiger to get to close to my uncle. That the tiger was at a disadvantage was clear to me from the
beginning.
{n the end, however, the tiger collapsed and died. $ithin hours, after that all the people in our area
heard of my uncle's bravery, which saved us both from death. {t was indeed a greatest act of
heroism that { had witnessed.
*+% %,-!".
j. heroic deed knlm h.nh 7+ng dQng cCm
o. plantation knlm 7yn 7iJn, v41n c<y, khu 7/t tryng trBt
p. wellbuilt kad)lm lZc l49ng, c41ng tr2ng
q. suspect kvlm nghi, nghi ng1, ho.i nghi, ng1 vZc
s. ferocious kad)lm dK tfn, hung 2c
t. composure knlm sZ b]nh tnh, sZ 7iJm tnh
u. cautiously kadvlm cn thUn, thUn trBng
v . horror knlm nhi kinh ho.ng, sZ khi8p sf, sZ ghI rfn
w. spring ksprangsprungl kvlm nhCy, bUt m]nh
jx. agility knlm sZ nhanh nh>n, sZ l> l.ng, sZ lanh lfi
jj. profusely kadvlm 4Nt 7m, nhiJu, dyi d.o
jo. collapse kvlm 7: sbp ?u,ng, ngW gbc
/rimes in society
The human society is full of activity. &eople work in all kinds of business (irms, government
offices, factories and other places, to earn their livelihood. Some work from dawn till darkr many
work only at nightr and others work during the day. "t the same time men with criminal tendency
are engaged in all kinds of activity, which often cause great hardship and sorrow to a large number
of people in society.
!en develop criminal tendencies because of numerous frustrations. Society has always failed to
satisfy the social, emotional and other needs of a large number of people, many of whom have
therefore turned to crime for either survival or recognition. The activities of such men represent a
constant threat to the welfare society, and much being done to reform them.
ùt criminals cannot be reformed until they are apprehended. `y that time, hundreds of people are
forced to live in fear at the hands of criminals, who resort to violence at the slightest provocation.
Pumerous people of various descriptions have been killed by criminals without proper cause.
Society is therefore straining all its resources to bring criminals to )ustice. Large sums of money are
being spent to employ men and eYuipment for the prevention and detection of crime.
*riminals are desperate men, and when they are pursued, they fight tooth and nail to escape
capture. Therefore, those who are employed to capture them have to be brave, intelligent and well
trained men. To have such men always on the alert for the protection of society involves much
e?penditure.
&unishment of criminals today, however, is not the same as what it was in the past. Society has
reali'ed its responsibility towards individuals who always find a bone to pick with at. {t is now
believed that criminals could be reformed. Therefore, psychologists and others who are responsible
for the welfare of criminals are doing their utmost to train criminals to live a good life in the future.
#nly those who commit the most serious crimes are punished severely to deter others from
committing such crimes.
*+% %,-!".
j. tendency knlm ?u h4Nng, khuynh h4Nng
o. engage kvlm tham gia v.o
p. hardship knlm sZ th@ th2ch gay gor sZ gian kh:
q. numerous kad)lm nhiJu, 7=ng 7Co
s. frustration knlm t<m trHng th/t vBng, t<m trHng v9 m+ng, sZ l.m th/t bHi, sZ l.m h6ng
t. welfare knlm hHnh phRc, sZ th%nh v4fng
u. provocation knlm sZ khiIu khach
v. welltrained knlm 74fc gi2o dbc t,t
w. e?penditure knlm chi pha, pha t:n
jx. utmost kad)lm m^c s,ng
A strange happening
The mysteries of nature have always fascinated the human mind, and many of them remain
unsolved for a long time. The story that { am about to relate concerns a mysterious relationship
between a baby boy and a snake somewhere in !alaysia.
{ was indeed intrigued when { read a report in a newspaper sometime ago that a snake had suddenly
appeared in a room, with the birth of a child and that it had attempted to show some relationship
with the child. { could hardly believe it. The report added that the mother or the child was finally
convinced that there was indeed some relationship between her child and the snake and she allowed
the snake complete freedom to play and live with the child. To make sure that the report was true, {
made up my mind to visit the house where this unnatural relationship between a reptile and a
human being was established.
Then, one morning, my brothers, sisters and { arrived at the house, not very far from ours. "s we
enter the house we were greatly surprised to find a baby boy and a large snake playing with each
other mirthfully. Soon, the mother of the child appeared and narrated the events that led to the
snake and the child to live together. {t seems that the snake was found lying near the baby )ust a few
hours after the baby was born. " man was called in to kill the snaker but every time the man struck
at it with the stick that he brought, the child cried with pain. The man then tried to take the snake
out of the room, but again the child began to cry. The child's mother then realised that there was
some mysterious relationship between the snake and her child. She ordered the man to stop
molesting the reptile, and to the surprise of all those who had arrived on the scene, the child
stopped crying. The snake then returned to the child without attempting to harm anyone. Since then
the snake has been fed by the mother of the child, and the snake and the child have been living
together as brothers.
To see this strange occurrence, many people from all parts of the country come everyday. {t is said
that the snake, by its touch, has cured many sick peopler but the mystery remains unsolved.
*+% %,-!".
j. fascinate kvlm mI ho|c, Yuy8n rQ, l.m mI
o. intrigue kvlm h/p dn, gfi thach thR, kach thach tA mA
p. convince kad)lm tin chDc, 7o2n chDc
q. reptile knlm lo.i bA s2t
s. mirthfully kadvlm vui, vui vz
t. narrate kvlm kc lHi, thuUt lHi
u. bitterly kadvlm m+t c2ch 7au 7Nn, Yuy8t liEt, cay 7Dng, chua ch2t
v. molest kvlm Yu/y rFy, Yu/y nhiSu, l.m phiJn
A $ourney y train
The house in which { lived before was near the railway station. Trains used to pass by at regular
interval and { had become so familiar with their sound and sight that { took little interest in them. {t
never occurred to me that { might make )ourney by train some day. However, when my father
decided to take up a new appointment in the place where we now live, it was decided that we
should travel by train. {t was only then that { discovered how pleasant a )ourney by train might be.
!y father, mother and { boarded a train one afternoon. "s the train moved out of the station, {
began to think of the days { had spent in our old house which { could still see from the train. ùt
soon the house went out of sight, and { began to think of my )ourney itself.
The train was now moving Yuite fast. The first thing that impressed me was the beauty of the
landscape. There were green valleys, and tropical plants could be seen everywhere. {n certain
places there was tall grass. "ll this reminded me of the geography lessons { had in the classroom.
Several palmoil and rubber plantations could be seen now and then. Sometimes { saw a few houses
here and there. { also saw many vegetable gardens at several places.
The train stopped at many stations, and soon it became dark. ùt sometime later the moon appeared
and the landscape looked romantic. "s { looked outside, { felt a thrill of admiration for the great
artistry of nature.
{nside the train, too, everything was interesting. Some restless passengers moved about aimlessly
and their restlessness was amusing. Some were sleeping with their mouths wide open, into which
some mosYuitoes blundered. #thers were reading maga'ines and newspapers. #ccasionally, the
ticketchecker passed by. "t one corner { saw two policemen keeping a close watch on a man who
was handcuffed.
"t every station a few passengers alighted from the train while a few boarded it. $henever the train
stopped at a big station, { saw a large number of people on the platforms, smartly dressed, and often
smiling. "s the train moved out, many waved their hands and the passengers too waved in
response. "fter we had passed several stations, { felt sleepy and closed my eyes. $hen { opened
them, { saw the dim light of the dawn. { looked outside and saw the mistcovered plants. The air
was fresh, and some birds were flying about. The scene looked e?tremely beautiful and { was lost in
admiration of it. ùt we soon arrived at our destination and my en)oyment came to an end.
*+% %,-!".
j. interval knlm th1i gian giKa hai sZ kiEnr khoCng th1i gian
o. appointment knlm c=ng viEc 74fc b: nhiEm, sZ h>n g|p
p. admiration knlm sZ say mI, ng49ng m+
q. mosYuito knlm con muhi
s. blunder kvlm m6 mm v.o
t. handcuff kvlm ?ach tay, cAng tay
u. e?tremely kadvlm v= c5ng, cZc 7+, cZc ki
!iscuss 0ne&s travel fast0
ntil a few decades ago news travelled very slowly. {t took several days to know what was
happening in places only a few miles away. ùt today news travels at a speed much greater than
ever before.
{n the past, men had to travel on root to get information, even about the most unimportant thing.
There were no motor vehicles and travel was slow and difficult. "s a result, news too travelled very
slowly. {f one's relative died in some distant place, one received the news of the death several days
later. Sometimes there was no news at all. The difficulty in getting news and information about
people in other places made life dull and miserable. There was little communication among those
whom we would regard as neighbours today. Pews was therefore difficult to send and in times of
need, it was hard to obtain help.
ùt all this has changed today. The invention of the means of communication such as the telephone,
the wireless and several others has made it possible to send and receive news within a matter of
hours and minutes. Even the newspaper and the post office help to spread news and information
Yuickly. "s a result, we know what is happening today in all parts of the world. {f a great man dies
or a war breaks out in some corner or the earth. we receive news about it almost immediately. The
ease and speed with which news travels today have helped greatly in promoting better
understanding and cooperation among the peoples of the world. $hen the people of one place or
country suffer a sudden calamity, news is at once sent to all parts of the world and help comes from
many countries within a very short time. This is not possible in the past when news travelled
slowly.
That news travels fast can also be known from our own personal affairs. {f we are ill or if
something unfortunate happens to us, our friends and relatives come to know about it very Yuickly.
{t is therefore true to say that today. news travels fast.
*+% %,-!".
j. decade knlm th1iki m41i n3m, thUp k
o. motor vehicle knlm ?e m2y
p. miserable kad)lm ngh_o n.n
q. wireless knlm radio, m2y thu thanh, v= tuy8n
s. promote kvl ?Rc ti8n, 7y mHnhr th3ng ch^c
t. cooperation knlm sZ hfp t2c, c+ng t2c
u. calamity knlm tai hBa, tai 4Mng, thiIn tai
%orld trade
{n the past when mens needs were few, it was not necessary to get things from distant lands. ùt
today, the people of one country depend on the people of another country for a variety of things. "s
a result, world trade has developed.
$ithout world trade, it would be difficult for the people of any country to get many things which
are now considered necessaries. Some countries are not rich in mineral resources. They have no
iron or coal mines, while others have too many of them. "gain, some countries are not suitable for
agriculture while others have several fertile plains to grow crops
(urther, even if a country is rich in natural resources, it may not have enough skilled men to e?ploit
them. (or such geographical and other reasons the peoples of the world have learnt to buy things
which they cannot produce profitably and to sell things for which they have a special ability to
produce. $est !alaysia, for e?ample, specialises in producing rubber for which there is a great
demand from several courtiers in the world. ùt she has no ability to produce machinery and
several other things. $est !alaysia therefore depends on other courtiers for many of her needs.
{n the same way, all the countries of the world cooperate and e?change things with one another.
(rom other countries we get motor cars, radios, television sets and several other things, which we
cannot produce ourselves. "t the same time we give to other countries the things that we can
produce better than many others. {n this way, every country specialises in producing only a few
things. "s a result, the Yuality of goods is improved to the common benefit of the people of the
world.
$orld trade has also raised the standard of living of the people in the world. $e are able to use
things made in countries across miles of ocean. "s a result of all this, life has become more
comfortable than what it was beforer and it is realised that a country could hardly progress without
world trade.
*+% %,-!".
j. mineral kad)lm kho2ng, kthu+cl kho2ng sCn
o. fertile kad)lm ph] nhiIu, m.u m9
p. e?ploit kvlm khai th2c, bOc l+t, lfi dbng
A narro& escape
$henever my mind travels over the past events in my lif_, one incident stands out prominently to
remind me of the narrow escape { once had from almost certain death.
{n the rubber estates of west !alaysia there are hundreds of snakes of which the cobra is the most
dangerous and venomous. This snake has a preference for cool places along the numerous streams
found in the estates, where it rela?es, especially in the afternoons. Those who catch fish from these
streams have, therefore, to be on the lookout for cobras. "ll this { did not know until { came face to
face with a cobra one day, while fishing with my brother.
!y brother and { were then spending our holidays in an estate where our father was employed. {n
the afternoons, my brother, who loves fishing, and { would go out to catch fish from the streams not
very far from our father's house.
$herever the water was shallow, we got down into the streams and searched for holes where fish
usually like to shelter. $hen we found one, we put our hands in and often caught some fish. (ishing
in this way had its moments of e?citement, for at times we also caught some water snakes, which
we found to be harmless. Then, one day, { came so close to death that { made up my mind never to
catch fish again in that way.
" cobra, about si? feet long, was lying along the water's edge of one side of the stream in which we
were fishing. {ts tail was in the water, but it was concealed by the reeds and grasses along that
stream. "s { put my hand into the water, my searching fingers touched something tender. Thinking
that it was a fish, { gripped it at once and tried to bring it out of the water. ùt it resisted violently,
and to my consternation { discovered that it was a cobra. { rela?ed my grip at once and rushed for
safety. !y brother, who was a few yards away, was too surprised to speak. ùt he soon saw the
cobra which was now rushing towards him with its hood fully opened. { picked up stick hurriedly
and threw it at the cobra. Surprisingly, the cobra now turned towards me, and { took to my heels.
!y brother then picked up a stick and ran after the cobra and managed to kill it )ust at the time
when { was almost e?hausted. lf he had been a little late, { might have been killed by the cobra.
That was indeed a very narrow escape, an escape { shall never forget.
*+% %,-!".
j. prominently kadvlm dS th/y, n:i bUt
o. narrow escape knlm suTt ch8t
p. estate knlm v5ng 7/t knh/t l. n=ng th=nl
q. cobra knlm rDn mang b.nh
s. shelter kvlm n n2u, n4Mng tZa
t. conceal kvlm gi/u gi8m, gi/u, che 7Uy
u. resist kvlm kh2ng cZ, ch,ng lHi
v. consternation knlm sZ kinh ho.ng
w. e?haust kad)lm kiEt s^c, mEt l@
Travel as a means of education
{n the past travel was considered an essential part of education. &oets and writers realised the value
of travel and went out to other countries in search of knowledge. " man's education was not
completed until he had visited foreign lands.
That travel broadens the mind cannot be denied. Those who remain within the confines of their
homes are cut off from the outside world. "s a result, they develop a narrow outlook on life. ùt
those who travel come into contact with various types of people whose ways of life are completely
different from theirs. They see things with their own eyes and have a better understanding of the
affairs of the world. The impressions that they receive while they travel remain fresh in their minds
for many years, and all false impressions and ideas are removed from their minds. Thus, they are
able to see things in their proper perspective and make correct )udgments and decisions, and to be
able to make connect decisions is a valuable part of education.
{t is argued, however, that the presence of the great variety of books, newspapers, the radio and
television today obviates the need for travel to acYuire knowledge. #ne would study in the comfort
and privacy of one's own home and absorb all the knowledge that one desires. ùt there are many
things which books cannot describe effectively. (or e?ample, the love and respect people in other
lands have for us and the natural beauty of the various parts or the world cannot be described
properly in words. They have to be seen and felt. èsides, not all can understand everything that
they read about people away from their homes. To such people, especially, travel is an important
means of education. #f course, travel involves time and money which most people cannot afford.
ùt the value of travel as a means of education is so great that time and money spent on travel are
not a waste of effort.
*+% %,-!".
j. broaden kvlm m- r+ng
o. confines knlm biIn giNi, ranh giNi
p. outlook knlm Yuan 7icm, c2ch nh]n
q. perspective knlm ph,i cCnh, viSn cCnh
s. obviate kvlm ?o2 b6, ty tr0
t. absorb kvlm h/p thb
The country I &ould li'e to visit
{ have heard much about the beauty of the East as well as the $est, about the wonderful islands in
the &acific and also in the "tlantic. {n short, the whole world seems to be full of beautiful places.
The country that { would like to visit, however, is the nited States of "merica.
!y knowledge of the nited States of "merica is derived from the geography and history books
that { have read, the films that { have seen and the stories that { have heard from people who have
visited this country.
The nited States of "merica is a vast country with a mi?ed population. &eople from many
different lands have come and settled here. This mi?ture of different races of people with different
customs, religions, cultures and abilities have created a nation uniYue in history. "lthough this
country has a very short history compared with that of the other large countries in the world, it is an
e?ample to the world of how people of different races could live together in peace and harmony.
The e?change of ideas among the people of so many racial origins here has contributed greatly to
the progress and prosperity of the nation. There are world famous scientists, doctors, lawyers,
engineers, teachers and politicians whose original homes were in many different lands. The work of
such men has made this country a wonderful land indeed. The roads, buildings and cinemas here
may be said to be the best in the world. There are many places and things of interest such as
Hollywood, the nited Pations building. Piagara (alls and the skyscrapers. Even the natural
vegetation and features are rich in variety. {f one travels across the land, one will find different
kinds of scenery in different places. (urther, as the people here still follow their original customs
and traditions, one will also have the feeling that one is passing through many different countries.
The people of the nited States are proud of their country, for it was their country that gave the
modern world ideas of freedom. The name of "braham Lincoln will always be remembered by
those who believe in the freedom of man. {t was the nited States, again, who saved the world
from destruction in two $orld $ars. Such a country must be a wonderful land, and it is for this
reason that { would like to visit this country some day.
*+% %,-!".
j. derive kvlm ?u/t ph2t t0, bDt nguyn t0
o. racial kad)lm thu+c chLng t+c
p. skyscraper knlm nh. chBc tr1i
q. destruction knlm sZ ph2 hu, sZ tiIu diEt
1ood manners
Good manners play an important part in maintaining peace and good will in a community. " man
who has good manners does not hurt the feelings of others, and therefore he is on good terms with
his friends and neighbors and also with others. {n this way he helps to keep peace in society.
ùt a man whose manners are bad has no respect for others. He uses words carelessly and behaves
rudely towards other and causes a lot of ill will and unpleasantness. {n the end, it is he himself who
suffers the most. Everyone avoids him and he is forced to live almost in isolation.
To live well in a society, money alone is not enough. $e should also have good manners, for it is
human nature to seek friendshipr and friendship cannot be bought with money. (riendship with
others makes life pleasant and it has to be earned through our own attitude towards others. {f we are
kind to others, they will be kind to us, and kindness is the essence of good manners. àd manners
not only drive away friends but also others, including our own family members.
Even the richest man cannot afford to have had manners. (or a man may have enough money to
buy all the things than he wantsr but if his manners are bad he will have no friends, and no one can
live happily without friends. Even the members of his own family may not respect him and finally
he will become a lonely man.
#n the other hand, a man whose manners are good has many friends. He commands the respect of
all those who come into contact with him. He does not talk ill about others. Even when he is
provoked, he tries his best to use words in a way which will not offend others. He is also
sympathetic towards the weak and ignorant and does not poke fun at the deformities and
weaknesses of others.
There are, however, many people who behave so well outside their homes that they are respected
and admired by everyone outside. ùt in their own homes they are worse than the devil. Such
people could not be said to have good manners. Their whole behavior is a pretence and it does not
take long for others to discover this. {f one's manners are good, one behaves well everywhere, even
when one is away from the critical eyes of others. #nly such a person can live well in society. {t is
therefore essential for everyone to cultivate good manners.
*+% %,-2".
j. maintain kvlm duy tr], giK vKng
o. isolation knl m sZ c= lUp ho|c c2ch ly
p. seek kvlm t]m, t]m ki8m
q. attitude knlm th2i 7+, Yuan 7icm
s. provoke kvlm khiIu khach, chBc t^c, kach 7+ng
t. sympathetic knlm th=ng cCm, 7yng cCm
u. deformity knlm d% dHng, d% h]nh
/hoosing a career
{t is not easy to choose a career today. Hundreds of students are leaving schools and universities
every year to seek employment in the various professions, though employment opportunities are
not increasing proportionately. "s a result, there is a lot of unemployment.
The inability of the various professions to absorb all those seeking employment makes the choice
of a career more difficult. èfore one leaves school or university, one has many plans, confident
that choosing a career will not be difficult. ùt when the time comes to choose a career, one finds
that there are others with better Yualifications waiting to enter the same profession. Visillusioned,
one then looks for any kind of employment. {n this way, many who wanted to become police,
inspectors or field assistants in the rubber estates in this country, become teachers instead, and
many who wanted to become teachers, have become clerks.
The lack of institutions where people could acYuire the skills necessary for a particular career
makes the choice of a career even more difficult. (or e?ample, if one desires to become a )ournalist,
one has to receive some training and instruction in a school of )ournalism. ùt if there is no such
school, one is compelled to think of some other career. #n the other hand, even if there are
institutions where one could acYuire the necessary skills, one may still e?perience difficulty in
gaining admission to them because one may not have the financial resources or the academic
ability. Thus, many who wanted to become doctors and lawyers have actually become clerks and
teachers.
(urther, even if one has all the academic and intellectual reYuirements for the career that one has
chosen, one's temperament may not enable one to make a success of that career. Thus, many who
passed several professional e?aminations and began their career as teachers are now working in the
banks and other commercial firms.
"ll this indicates the difficulty in choosing a career. #nly a few are able to remain in the
professions of their choice.
*+% %,-!".
j. opportunity knlm cM h+i, th1i cM
o. proportionately kadvlm c<n ?^ng, t4Mng ?^ng
p. disillusion kvlm l.m v9 m+ng, l.m tan v9 Co t4-ng
q. institution knlm cM Yuan, t: ch^c
s. on the other handm tr2i lHi
t. academic kad)lm thu+c vJ hBc thuUt, hBc v/n
u. intellectual kad)lm kthu+cl tra Oc, kthu+cl tra tuE
v. commercial kad)lm thu+c vJ ho|c d.nh cho th4Mng mHi
A visit to a #oo
The 'oo is an artificial forest created by man. Though there are few trees compared with the natural
forest, the animals, birds and other creatures found in the 'oo must always remind us of the forest.
{t is indeed an interesting place to visit.
Even in the natural forest such a variety of animals, birds and other creatures cannot be found as are
found in a big 'oo. "nimals which are not found in the forests of one country are caught in other
parts of the world and brought to the 'oo. The lion, for e?ample, is not found in !alaysiar but one
may see an "frican lion in the 'oo at ohore àhru.
ntil { visited the 'oo at ohore àhru, a few months ago, { had no idea how informative a visit to a
'oo might be. Though the 'oo at ohore àhru is not big, { found many kinds of interesting animals
and other creatures there. Lions, tigers and other animals were moving about la'ily in their cages.
Some of the animals appeared to be bored, and they took little interest in the visitors. The monkeys,
however. showed their natural agility. $henever they saw a visitor, they ran towards him and
begged for something to eat. { was indeed amused at their behavior. !ost of them were caught in
!alaysia and their variety was ama'ing.
Some of the birds too were very interesting to see. Their beautiful feathers and looks fascinated me.
ìrds are indeed one of the loveliest creations of God. " few birds are larger than many animals.
The lions and the tigers in this 'oo were so docile that { could not but treat them as domestic
animals like the dog and the cat. { went very close to them, but they showed little interest in me. {
then began to think of how the animal or even human spirit could be broken by confinement.
*onfined to their cages, these animals had become spiritless. Even the sight of food did not seem to
e?cite them much.
Then, there was the crocodile with its usual pretence of innocence. {t refused to be disturbed.
Heaven knows how it might have reacted if a child had fallen into its pit. However, my visit to the
'oo had increased my knowledge of animals.
*+% %,-!".
j. informative kad)lm cung c/p nhiJu th=ng tin, cO t2c dbng n<ng cao ki8n th^c
o. agility knlm sZ nhanh nh>n, sZ lanh lfi
p. beg kvlm ?in, cFu ?in
q. fascinate kvlm mI ho|c, Yuy8n rQ
s. docile kad)lm dS bCo, dS sai khi8n, ngoan ngoWn
t. crocodile kad)lm c2 s/u ch<u &hi, c2 s/u
The importance of the ne&spaper
The newspaper, today, plays a vital role in human affairs. {ts importance has not been diminished
by the appearance of the radio or the television. !en no longer have travel to get information. The
newspaper has become the main source of information about local and foreign affairs. Though the
radio and television convey important news and messages Yuicker than the newspaper, they seldom
give the details of an incident. The newspaper, on the other hand, gives not only more details about
a particular incident but it also contains more new items. This is of great importance today when
political changes occur with a rapidity unknown before. èsides, the newspaper is easier to carry
and it could be read at any time during the day. (urther, the permanence of the printed word helps
one to refresh ones memory of certain facts and incidents reported in the past.
The importance of the newspaper has been increased greatly by the spread of education. Education
sharpens one's curiosity about events in distant lands and also makes one conscious of the necessity
to maintain one's reading habits. {n both respects the newspaper appeals most, especially if one
finds little time to read books.
The newspaper should, however, be read with caution, for its capacity to do harm is great. !ost
people believe every thing that is reported by the newspaper. "s a result, the newspaper e?erts a
profound influence on the minds of its reader. Therefore, when some news is reported wrongly
either by mistake or design, it may cause a lot of harm. #n the other hand, if the policy of the
newspaper is to promote the welfare of the people, it could do a lot of good. (or e?ample, it could
e?ercise its influence to persuade the government of a country to do many things for the benefit of
the people. {n a country like !alaysia, where there are many races of people, the newspaper could
also use its influence to promote goodwill and harmony among the people. {t is therefore important
to know the policy of the newspaper that one reads.
{n general, however, the newspaper tries to report as accurately as possible, for there are various
maga'ines and periodicals competing with the newspaper to provide accurate information on world
developments, and it is the newspaper that links us with the outside world.
*+% %,-!"m
j. vital role knlm vai trA thi8t y8u
o. diminish kvlm giCm bNt, thu nh6
p. convey kvlm truyJn 7Ht, chuycn tCi
q. permanence knlm tanh l<u d.i, l<u bJn, tanh vnh cKu
s. conscious kad)lm cO T th^c, bi8t 74fc, nhUn ra
t. policy knlm 741ng l,i h.nh 7+ng, chanh s2ch
u. accurately kadvlm m+t c2ch 7Rng 7Dn, chanh ?2c
v. periodical knlm tHp cha ?u/t bCn 7%nh ki
The things that I li'e most
There are so many things around us that one finds it hard to have a special preference for a few
particular things. {, however, take a special interest in motorcar and television.
!otorcars have always fascinated me. Since my childhood { have been travelling in motorcars,
and { have visited hundreds of places in this country. { have been to remote villages and almost all
the towns, large and small. Travel has broadened my outlook on life. { have met various types of
people, and my knowledge of the people and places of this country has increased greatly. {f { am at
home or if { am walking along a road, { feel the urge to travel as soon as { see a car.
{t is because of motorcars that { am able to do various types of work. {n the morning { go to my
school, a long distance away, in my father's car. "fter school { go to my father's plantation to help
him in his work. Then { visit one of my classmates and discuss our school work. Sometimes { visit
the cinema, miles away. {f there were no motorcars, { would not have seen so much. Even in this
small country, { would perhaps not have been able even to attend school.
The ne?t thing that { like is television. Television helps us to see and hear some of the famous
leaders of the world. $e are also able to see some of the great events of the day. {n addition, we can
get news from all parts of the world, and listen to songs and music. Sometimes there are special
programmes which are very amusing. The television programmes become more interesting on a
rainy day. $e can then sit in the comfort of our home and watch the television programme. Even if
we cannot read the newspaper for some reason, television keeps us well informed about the latest
developments in the world. {n this respect, television is better than the radio because the pictures
and incidents shown on television convey a better impression than only the spoken words of the
radio.
{ shall therefore always have a special preference for the motorcar and television.
*+% %,-!".
j. childhood knlm tu:i thM /u, th1i thM /u
o. broaden kvlm m- r+ng
p. urge kadvlm sZ th=i thRc, sZ thRc 7y mHnh me, sZ ham mu,n mHnh me
3y hoy
To have a hobby is to know how to spend one's leisure moments. " hobby, besides providing an
avenue of escape from boredom, can also add to one's knowledge of human affairs. !y hobby is
reading.
$hen my day's work is over, { sit down in the privacy of my room and read the newspaper.
eading the newspaper is like travelling round the world. "s { read about the developments in the
various parts of the world, { fell that { am there myself observing the incidents. { also feel that { am
having contacts with many leaders and peoples of the world. This feeling is a source of pleasure to
me. `y reading the newspaper { have acYuired a better knowledge of the world. { am aware of what
scientists, economists and politicians are doing to make this world a better place to live in. "t the
same time, { am also aware of the activities of those who are trying to create chaos in the world.
"fter reading the newspaper, { take a book which reYuires deep concentration, such as a history
book or a book on psychology. Sometimes { read a novel or a popular maga'ine. Through this
hobby { have learned that people everywhere are the same, in all ages, and in all countries. { have
also learned that the world was made not for man alone but for every creature that can feel hunger
and thirst, warm and cold. {t has also helped me to see not only into the most remote regions of the
world today but also into the world in which our ancestors lived.
!y hobby has deepened and widened my knowledge of man and his place in the universe. eading,
{ think, has made men more human, broadminded and sympathetic. {t has brought me into contact
with many great minds, and acYuainted with the beauty of language and ideas. {t has also improved
my powers of e?pression. { have little difficulty in e?pressing my thoughts and feelings. Therefore,
{ could say that my hobby has made me a better person.
*+% %,-!".
j. avenue knlm 7Hi l+
o. privacy knlm sZ riIng t4, sZ c2ch biEt
p. chaos knlm sZ hhn 7+n, sZ hhn loHn, sZ l+n ?+n
q. concentration knlm sZ tUp trung
s. ancestor knlm =ng b., t: tiIn
t. universe knlm vQ trb
u. acYuaint kvlm l.m Yuen
*inemas are a common sight nowadays. They are found in every town. The e?istence of so many
cinemas reflects their popularity. They have indeed become the most popular places of
entertainment.
The cinema attracts large numbers of people everyday. {t is the magnet of the town. {t sometimes
attracts even those who do not wish to see a film.
"s it is so popular, the cinema e?erts a profound influence on the minds of many people, young and
old. The influence is sometimes good, and sometimes it is bad. (ilms showing criminal activities
and the sensual desires of man have caused much harm to many youths. Some youths have become
criminals themselves though almost every film shows how the good always triumphs over the evil.
The cinema has also caused many people to waste money. Such people have become so addicted to
visiting the cinema that they see almost every film, good or bad. {n this way money is wasted not
only on purchasing tickets for admittance to the cinema but also on travelling and many other
things.
#ften, however, the cinema helps to spread knowledge. There are many films which show the
activities of the various races of people living in the remote regions of the earth. Some films show
how man has struggled through the centuries to make the world a better place to live in. There are
also films which show the events that led to some of the important battles in the past. They are
shown with so much realism that one remembers them for a long time. Such films are indeed
invaluable, especially to those who are illiterate. {n this respect the cinema could be regarded as a
school. Even the dullest student learns many things if he sees an educational film in the cinema
though he may learn nothing from his teacher or his books. Such is the effect of the film, and in
many countries, educational authorities are trying to make the best use of the cinema to spread
knowledge and information.
{t is therefore clear that the cinema has many advantages as well as disadvantages. #ften the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Those who visit the cinema with the purpose of learning
something good are sure to benefit from almost every visit to the cinema.
*+% %,-!".
j. entertainment knlm tiIu khicn, giCi tra
o. magnet knlm nam ch<m
p. profound kad)lm s<u sDc, s<u r+ng
q. sensual kad)lm kthu+cl ?2c th%t, nhbc dbc
s. triumph kvlm chi8n thDng, thDng lfi
t. addicted kad)lm say mI, nghiEn
u. purchase kvlm mua sDm
v. realism knlm chL ngha hiEn thZc
w. outweigh kvlm n|ng hMn, cO nhiJu gi2 tr% hMn, cO nhiJu Cnh h4-ng hMn
The importance of e4aminations
Life today has become so comple? that e?aminations have come to play an important part in one's
educational career. E?aminations are considered so important that most students are afraid of them.
The ability to pass an e?amination is indeed a valuable Yuality. {t shows that the student is able to
e?press his thought and ideas to a manner others can understand. {t also shows that the student has
acYuired a certain amount of knowledge in some branches of study. èsides, the mind of a student,
even if he is dull, receives good e?ercise when he prepares for an e?amination. " student's success
in an e?amination, therefore, helps employers and others to assess his mental or general ability.
Some people, however, argue that e?aminations test only a certain kind of skill. They say that many
people have a good memory and a special ability to pass e?aminations and achieve brilliant results,
though they have no capacity for original thought or imagination. ùt it should be reali'ed that
today the syllabuses are so e?tensive that a student cannot e?pect to pass an e?amination by relying
entirely on his memory. The student of today must not only have a fair knowledge of the sub)ect
manner but also be able to show his intelligence and power of reasoning, especially if he is sitting
for a higher e?amination. Therefore, a student's ability to pass an e?amination must indicate some
of his mental powers as well as his grasp of the sub)ects that he has studied.
{f there were no e?aminations, most scholars would have been less informed than they are today.
E?aminations compel students to read as much as they can, and as they do so, they absorb
knowledge unconsciously. (urther, because of e?aminationsr teachers have to confine themselves to
the syllabuses which are aimed at imparting knowledge in a systematic manner, and thus develop
mental discipline. E?aminations are therefore an important part of academic studies.
*+% %,-!".
j. comple? kad)lm ph^c tHp, rDc r,i
o. acYuire kvlm thu 74fc, 7Ht 74fc
p. assess kvlm 72nh gi2, 4Nc 7%nh
q. argue kvlm biEn luUn, tranh juUn
s. achieve kvlm 7Ht 74fc, gi.nh 74fc
t. syllabus knlm ch4Mng tr]nh hBc, 7J c4Mng b.i giCng
u. entirely kadvlm ho.n to.n
v. grasp knlm sZ nDm 74fc, sZ hicu th/u
w. scholar knlm hBc giC
jx. compel kvlm bu+c phCi, bDt bu+c, thRc np
jj. unconsciously kadvlm kh=ng tZ gi2c, kh=ng cO T 7%nh, kh=ng cO T th^c
jo. impart kvlm truyJn 7Ht, kc cho hay, ph: bi8n
jp. systematic kad)lm cO ph4Mng ph2p
A &ee' in hospital
{ had always dreaded the thought of being admitted to hospital. The peculiar smell of the hospital,
the sight of deformed and critically ill persons and dead bodies in the hospital are things that { had
always wished to avoid. ùt a serious illness sometime ago necessitated my admission to the
General Hospital in !alacca.
Though { was seriously ill and reYuired special attention, yet the knowledge that { was in the
hospital made me feel miserable during the first few days. The clothes that { had to wear in the
hospital were uncomfortable and the food was tasteless. "t night, when all the patients were asleep,
{ used to wake up and think of what might happen it the dead bodies in the mortuary nearby came
back to life. { also thought of the patients who might die at anytime. Sometimes { thought that {
myself might not wake up from my sleepr that { might have to leave my dear parents, brothers and
sisters and never return. Tears would then flow from my eyes.
(rom the fourth day, however, my spirits were high. The doctors and nurses assured me that {
would recover completely in a few days and that { could move about in the hospital as { wished.
{ now began to think of the good work that was being done in the hospital to reduce pain and
suffering. Hundreds of sick people were coming to the hospital, many with serious in)uries caused
by various kinds of accidents, with the last hope of survival. "nd while many were dying, many
more were returning home with smiles on their faces. $orking every minute and sacrificing their
own pleasures and pastimes, the doctors, nurses, hospital assistants and all the other staffs were
doing their utmost to save another life. Their humanity impressed me deeply.
{ now realised what an important role the hospitals were playing in our daily life, and the disgust
that { fell on the first few days was gone. "fter being in the hospital for a week, { returned home
with a better knowledge of human misery and sacrifice.
*+% %,-!".
j. dread kvlm kinh hWi, kinh sf
o. peculiar kad)lm lH k], riIng biEt
p. critically kadvlm nguy k%ch, trFm trBng
q. necessitate knlm bDt phCi, 7Ai h6i phCi, cFn phCi cO
s. tasteless kad)lm v= v%, nhHt nheo
t. mortuary knlm nh. ?2c
u. assure kvlm YuC Yuy8t, cam 7oan
v. sacrifice kvlm hy sinh
w. disgust knlm sZ ghI t-m, sZ kinh t-m
A frightening e4perience
!iscuss 0fire is a good servant ut a ad master0
How man first learnt to use fire is still unknown, but it is known that even the most primitive man,
centuries ago, found it to be of great service to him as it is to us today. !an, in his early days, did
not cook his food. He ate everything raw, including meat and fish. ùt the discovery of fire
changed his eating habits completely. He now learnt to cook his foodr and, when he found that
cooked food was more delicious, fire became an important thing in his life.
(ire also gave the early man warmth and light. Even in his scanty clothes he could keep himself
warm in his cave on rainy or cold nights. His cave was no longer dark and he could move about
freely at night. (urther, fire gave him protection from wild beasts, and his life was more secure than
it was before. {n fact, fire, like water and air, became indispensable to manr and, today, we use fire
for a diversity of purposes. $e use it even to operate machinery to produce goods.
ùt fire has to be kept under strict control, for its capacity to destroy his great. #nce it is out of
control, it will destroy life and property at tremendous speed and the world has lost things worth
millions of dollars because of fire. "nd, people often use fire's enormous capacity to great
advantage. They use it to burn thousands of acres of forest and grow cropsm "s a result, we now find
green fields where once there were forests.
#n the other hand, fire has been used by men, especially of the modern age, to destroy men. {n
every human battle in the past fire was used to destroy the enemy. Even today, thousands of
people.in many parts of the world are being destroyed by firer and, when furious men try to make
the best use of fire's e?treme anger, misery is hard to avoid. lt then reigns supremes. {nnocent
people, young and old, must die in thousands. {t is, therefore, true to say that, fire is a good
servant, but a bad master.
*+% %,-!".
j. scanty kad)lm at 6i, thieu, kh=ng 7L
o. indispensable kad)lm tuyEt 7,i cFn thiet, kh=ng thc thi8u 74fc
p. diversity knlm tanh 7a dHng
q. out of controlm v4ft ngo.i tFm kicm so2t
s. tremendous kad)lm ghI gNm, kinh khLng, khLng khi8p, dK d+i
t. acre knlm mu "nh kkhoCng x.q hectal
u. furious kad)lm giUn dK
v. supreme kad)lm t+t 7dnh, t,i cao
An accident I have &itnessed
#ne rainy day last year, while { was returning home from !ersing, a town in the east coast of
!alaysia, { witnessed an accident which { shall never forget.
{ was returning home in my father's car. {t was raining heavily and the road could not be seen
clearly. !y father, an old man, was driving slowly to avoid an accident. The )ourney, therefore,
seemed unusually long, and { began to feel tired. Then, suddenly, a small car, running at great
speed, overtook our car. !y father was shocked at the recklessness of the driver of that car. $e
could not count the number of persons in that car, but were sure that there were at least five,
including two children. !y father at once predicted that tragedy would befall the occupants of the
car. "fter this prediction { began to grow impatient. { did not wish to see any ugly scene resulting
from an accident. Though the car had gone Yuite far its rear lights would still be seen.
{n the distance there was a narrow bridge. Looking at the way the car was being driven, { too was
now sure that an accident would occur and sure enough it did occur. This is how it happened.
" lorry was coming from the opposite direction. {t was already on the bridge. The driver of the
small car, however, could not slow down in good time. He lost control of the car which skidded and
plunged into the swollen river. Somehow, the driver managed to slip out of the car, but the others
were doomed. $hen we arrived at the bridge, we were touched deeply by what we saw. Two
children were struggling in the river and we could do nothing to save them. Their mother, as we
came to know later, was at the bottom of the river, trapped in the car, and they were swept away by
the rush of the current and drowned. The driver, and father of the children, began to cry piteously
for the wife and children he had lost so suddenly. {t was indeed a very touching scene and { shall
never forget this day.
*+% %,-!".
j. witness kvlm ch^ng ki8n, l.m ch^ng
o. overtake kvlm kovertook overtakenlm bDt k%p, v4ft
p. recklessness knlm tanh thi8u thUn trBng, tanh h/p t/p, tanh khinh su/t, tanh liJu lnh
q. tragedy knlm thCm k%ch, bi k%ch
s. occupant knlm ng41i s- hKu, ng41i s@ dbng
t. skid kvlm tr4ft ?e
u. swollen kad)lm d<ng lIn caor ph]nh ra
v. doomed kad)lm phCi ch%u s, phUn bi 72t
w. struggle kvlm v5ng vy, vUt l+n
jx. piteously kadvlm thCm th4Mng, 72ng th4Mng hHi
The importance of good roads in a country
Good roads are essential for the development of a country. The omans realised this centuries ago,
and wherever they established themselves, , they tried to improve the roads there. Today, the
governments of all countries in the world are building more and more roads to gain access to the
remotest regions of their countries.
oads link towns and villages and enable the people of one place to communicate with the people
of another place. $hen food is scarce in one place, it can be brought from another place without
much difficulty. Even things which cannot be produced in one region can be brought from another
region where they are produced in abundance. The invention of motorvehicles has made it easy to
transport goods from place to place. ùt these vehicles reYuire good roads to travel Yuickly, and the
better the roads the more goods can be transported from one place to another in a very short time.
Thus, trade is improved.
(urther, good roads help people to travel easily to places where they can work and develop their
lands and industries. {n !alaysia, for e?ample, the improvement of roads has made it easy for
skilled workers from the towns to work in remote villages. The people of the villages, on the other
hand, have been able to learn much from the towns. "s a result, there has been a lot of
improvement in this country in all spheres of activity.
(inally, in times of war good roads help armies to move about without difficulty. Sometimes, a
country is defeated because its army is not able to reach a place in good time owing to bad roads.
Even the police may not be able to reach a place where there is some trouble if the roads are bad.
(or all these reasonsm it is always necessary for a country to have good roads.
*+% %,-!".
j. establish kvlm th.nh lUp, thi8t lUp, ki8n lUp
o. scarce kad)lm khan hi8m
p. abundance knlm nhiJu, d4 dUt, gi.u cO, phong phR
q. sphere knlm lnh vZc, phHm vi, tFm Cnh h4-ng
s. defeat kvlm 72nh bHi, l.m th/t bHi
Life in the village
The village has always been known to be a place of peace and Yuiet. The scattered houses among
hundreds of plants and trees at once indicate the lack of activity in the village.
The workers in the village leave their homes early in the morning to work in the plantations or
towns nearby. Some have their own plantations, and some make certain articles in their homes to
sell them in the towns. " few of the villagers, including women, go out to catch fish in the streams
and rivers found in the village. Though the people of the village do not usually earn much, yet they
seem to be contented.
{n the afternoon, most of the villagers are at home. Some of them take a nap after lunchr some work
in their small gardens, and some visit the small shops in the village. {n various parts of the village
children may be seen playing the popular games of the village. #ccasionally, a cyclist passes by.
Then, in the evening, the villagers meet one another. Some play cards and other types of games
peculiar to the village. Some talk about the day's incidents in the village, and those whose minds go
beyond the village discuss world events.
{n almost every village there is a headman whose duty is to settle Yuarrels among the villagers and
maintain peace in the village. $henever there is a dispute, the villagers go to the headman who is
held in such esteem that his word has the force or law. {n this way the villagers have developed
their own simple laws, and the crimes of cities are almost unknown to the people of the village.
Vuring a festival, the whole village is alive with activities. Everyone is in a happy mood and plays
his part to make the festival a success. This is the time for the men, women and children of the
village to wear their best clothes and the village is full of colour. These simple ways of life in the
village, however, must soon change. &rogress in science and education has already begun to affect
the outlook of the people in the village, and hundreds are leaving the village to seek their fortunes
in the towns and cities.
*+% %,-!".
j. scattered kad)lm l2c 72c, l4a th4a, rCi r2c
o. article knlm h.ng, vUt phm, 7y 7Hc
p. contented kad)lm thoC mWn, mWn nguyEn
q. nap knlm gi/c ngL tr4a
take a nap after lunchm ngL m+t gi/c sau bKa 3n tr4a
s. cyclist knlm ng41i 7i ?e 7Hp
s. headman knlm tr4-ng l.ng, gi. l.ng, t5 tr4-ng
u. dispute knlm cu+c b.n cWi, cu+c tranh luUn
v. esteem knlm sZ kanh m8n, sZ YuT trBng
w. mood kad)lm t<m trHng, tanh kha, t<m tanh
jx. fortune knlm vUn may
3y favourite author
!y favourite author is $illiam Shakespeare, a man who has written enough for immortality.
Though a few hundred years have elapsed since the death of Shakespeare and volumes have been
written on the life and work of this great writer, his early life still remains a sub)ect for speculation
and con)ecture. {t is generally believed that Shakespeare had very little schooling. et his keen
intellect and mastery of language have earned for him the appreciation and applause of the literary
world.
Shakespeare's fame, '{ think, originates from his ability to identify his readers with the characters in
his stories. {n most of his stories we find reflections of our own e?periences. This shows strikingly
that Shakespeare had an insight into 'human nature and the problems of life. His tragedies such as
!acbeth' and Hamlet clearly show his deep knowledge of the human mind. !an's ambition,
desperation, sorrows, frustrations and hopes are dealt with in these tragedies with such skill that the
reader himself e?periences all the mental conflicts and emotions, and thus gets a better idea about
human nature. $ith eYual skill, Shakespeare deals with man's )oys and pleasures in all his
comedies. His comedies like, Twelfth Pight and "s ou Like {t,' are a delight to read. Through
the characters in his stories Shakespeare conveys his views on life and the world. !ost of his
characters, such as Hamlet, are vehicles for moral instruction. !an's nature is the theme of all his
writings. `y a skillful combination of words and situations, he reveals the worst as well as the best
in man. His choice of words is masterly and many of his phrases are literary gems. "s man's nature
is his theme, what he wrote years ago remains true even today, and it will remain so till the end of
time. {t is for all these reasons that { en)oy reading Shakespeare.
However, { do en)oy reading the works of other writers too, such as those of *harles Vickens and
ane "usten. ùt they do not give the satisfaction that Shakespeare gives. { find Shakespeare's
stories so interesting that { have read the same stories several times in last few yearsr and, every
time { read the same story, { learn something new about human nature. Shakespeare was indeed a
genius.
PE$ $#VSm
j favourite kad)lm 74fc m8n chu+ng nh/t 74fc 4a thach nh/t
o. immortality knlm b/t t@ b/t diEt, b/t hL, danh ti8ng mu=n thu-
p. elapse kvlm knOi vJ th1i gianl tr=i Yua
q. speculation knlm sZ nghiIn cû, sZ suy ?nt
s. con)ecture knlm sZ ph6ng 7o2n
t. applause knlm sZ hoan nghInh, sZ t2n th4-ng
u. ambition knlm ho.i bWo, tham vBng
v. frustration knlm sZ l.m th/t bHi, t<m trHng v9 m+ng
w. conflict knlm sZ ?ung 7+t, cu+c ?ung 7+t
jx. theme knlm 7J t.i, chL 7J
jj. combination knlm sZ k8t hfp, sZ ph=a hfp
jo. reveal kvlm b+c l+, bicu l+, kh2m ph2
jp. masterly kad)lm r/t gi6i, bUc thFy, t.i t]nh
jq. gem knlm 72 YuT, viIn ngBc
js. genius knlm ng41i thiIn t.i, ng41i anh t.i, bUc ki t.i
A frightening e4perience
{ am not one who is frightened easilyr but { must admit that one night { saw a figure that struck
terror into my heart.
{t was a moonlitnight. { was returning home on foot from a town a few miles away. That was the
first night in my life that { was out alone. The road along which { was walking was not used much
at night. Even during the day, it was used only by those who worked in the rubber and banana
plantations long that road. "s { was walking, { could hear the noises made by sYuirrels, insects and
owls. *reatures that love the night world such as bats were very active, and there were hundreds of
shadows. "ll these did not, however, frighten me. { held a stick in my hand and moved rapidly
towards home for my dinner. Then, suddenly, { caught sight of an old lady, a short distance away.
Her head was covered with a white cloth, and she was waving to me.
*urious to know why she was there at that time of the night, { stopped for a while. "s { stood there,
however, vague memories of stories about ghosts began to come back to my mind. { was soon
gripped with fear and took to my heels. { ran as fast as { could, and when { reached home { could
hardly speak.
#n the ne?t day, however, { visited that place again to make sure that the woman was indeed a real
person and not a ghost. ùt { could find no footprints there. #nly a banana plant stood there with its
leaves moving in the bree'e. { realised then that it was the banana plant with its leaves moving in
the bree'e that looked like a woman waving her hand. { had indeed made a tool of myselfr but after
the previous night's e?perience, this discovery was small relief to me.
*+% %,-!".
j. frighten kvlm l.m hoCng sf, l.m sf
o. moonlit nightm 7Im s2ng tr3ng
p. vague kad)lm mM hy, l1 m1, mUp m1
q. bree'e knlm giO nh>
s. previous kad)lm tr4Nc
The value of higher education
Since the dawn of civili'ation, great thinkers like &lato and "ristotle have been doing their utmost
to spread education to the remotest corners of the earth. {t is realised that education develops the
intellect and enables one to discriminate between the good and the bad. !ore and more universities
and other education institutions are therefore being opened in all parts of the world to provide
higher education.
{n almost every country today, there is a lot of unemployment. #nly those who have received a high
standard of education are able to secure high positions in society and in the various professions. {t
has therefore become necessary for many people to attend institutions or higher learning to improve
their prospects of employment.
Higher education confers many other benefits. {t broadens the mind and increases one's powers of
thinking, reasoning and imagination. (urther, it makes one more sympathetic towards others. {t
helps us to understand the problems and weaknesses of man, and we become less suspicious of
strangers and others. $e also become more thoughtful of the feelings and needs of others. "s a
result, we are able to mi? better with people. èsides, higher education helps us greatly in deciding
what is right and what is wrong, what is true and what is false. Therefore, people can hardly
deceive or mislead us. Higher education also teaches us how to spend our leisure moments. $e
learn to make the best use of our spare time. Even during old age we know how to keep ourselves
occupied. "gain, higher education develops selfconfidence. $e learn to have faith in our own
abilities. "s a result, we are able to meet and talk with people anywhere. "ll these Yualities,
acYuired through higher education, combine to make one a leader among men. #ne is able to live a
better life in society.
The benefits of education are therefore many, and everyone should try his best to acYuire the
highest of education, either by attendance at an educational institution or by private studies.
*+% %,-!".
j civili'ation knlm nJn v3n minh
o. discriminate kvlm ph<n biEt
p. institution knlm cM Yuan, t: ch^c
q. suspicious kad)lm nghi ng1, t6 ra cO sZ nghi ng1
s. mislead kvlm l.m cho mI mu+i, l.m cho lHc 741ng, lHc l,i
t. selfconfidence knlm sZ tZ tin, lAng tZ tin
u. combine kvlm ph,i hfp, k8t hfp
The rainy season
$hen the grass dry, the trees have lost their leaves, the rivers have very little water in them and the
fields are parched, everyone prays for the coming of rain. ùt when it continues to rain for several
days, there are prayers everywhere for the rain to stop, for heavy and continuous rain often causes
great hardship to many people, especially in the eYuatorial region. The rainy season is therefore
welcomed at times, and at other times, it is hated.
{n eYuatorial countries like !alaysia, the rainy season often causes much damage to crops, life and
property. &eople who work in the paddy fields, rubber and other plantations have to stop their
work for sometime. "s a result, they lose income and suffer hardship. (armers too suffer as they
have to stop selling vegetables and poultry for a few days. Even school children e?perience a lot of
inconvenience. They find it difficult to go to school in comfort and ease. Some places are
completely under water and many children are unable to go to school. Sometimes the schools have
to be closed. Even to go to the market becomes a problem, and people cannot go out to en)oy or do
any work.
*ontinuous rain during the rainy season also causes much illness among children and adults.
Sometimes many children are drowned in the floods caused by heavy rains. `ridges and houses are
swept away by the floods and there is much suffering.
ùt if the rains are not heavy, the rainy season can bring a lot of )oy to farmers and others. ains
bring water for our crops and for use in our homes. Light rains make the day cool and pleasant and
people find it easy to work in the fields and other places. The soil remains moist. &lants and flowers
grow easily to make our gardens beautiful. egetables too grow well and markets are full of green
vegetables. Even animals, like cows and goats find enough grass to eat. There is also enough water
for them to drink.
et, those who live in places where there is a lot of rainfall do not realise how fortunate they are.
#nly those who live in the hot deserts realise the value of rainfall. They would surely welcome the
rainy season.
*+% %,-!".
j. parch kvlm kh= nz, rang, nung
o. eYuatorial kad)lm kthu+cl ?ach 7Ho, gFn ?ach 7Ho
p. poultry knlm gia cFm, g., v%t, th%t gia cFm
q. inconvenience kad)lm sZ b/t tiEn, sZ phiJn ph^c
s. moist kad)lm m 4Nt
The importance of &ater
Since the beginning of time, water has continued to be an important thing to all living things.
$ithout water nothing could live. $e may change our food according to the climate of a place but
we find no substitute for water. !an has always looked for pure fresh water to slake his thirst.
$ater not only Yuenches our thirst but it is also a source of food to us. (rom the sea we catch large
Yuantities of fish and other creatures. $e use water to irrigate our lands to produce crops. !any
parts of the world are dry and barren because there is no water there. &eople in such places lead a
very hard life. Even the plants and animals find it a real struggle to survive. They can obtain water
only by some means of ingenuity. $ater also helps to increase the fertility of the land in several
parts of the world. The alluvium that is brought down by rivers is very fertile and yields large
Yuantities of crops. Even electricity, which has changed our lives completely, is produced by water
power in many countries.
(urther, water is an important means of communication. $e use waterways to carry our goods or
trade. $ater transport is cheaper than land transport and in many remote regions, rivers are the only
means of communication. {n many countries rivers are used to bring down timber from the hilly
regions to the lower regions where the timber mills are. {n this way much money is saved.
{t is true, however, that water has also caused much destruction to life and property throughout
human history. Heavy rainfall, swollen rivers and the angry waves of the sea have killed thousands
of people and destroyed homes and crops. et, water is indispensable to life, and people
everywhere are trying their best to bring water to places where it is scarce, to control its flow in
times of floods and to make greater use of it.
*+% %,-!".
j. substitute knlm vUt thay th8, ng41i thay th8
o. slake kvlm l.m nh>, l.m d%u k7au 7Nnl, l.m ngu=i
p. Yuench kvlm l.m h8t kh2t
q. irrigate kvlm t4Ni, l.m 4Nt 7/t.
s. barren kad)lm cn chi
t. ingenuity knlm t.i khno no, tanh ch/t khno lno
u. fertility knlm t]nh trHng mFu m9
v. alluvium knlm 7/t ph5 sa, byi tach, 7/t byi
w. yield kvlm mang lHi, sinh ra, sCn ?u/t
jx. timber mill knlm ?4-ng gh
jj. indispensable kad)lm tuyEt 7,i cFn thi8t, kh=ng th8 thi8u 74fc
5o& I spend my time after school
"s { am now preparing for an important e?amination which will be held at the end of this year, {
spend most of my time reading my books. There are, however, a few other things that { sometimes
do during my leisure.
"s soon as { reach home everyday after school. { have my lunch Yuickly in order to have as much
time as possible to read my books. Eating Yuickly is not good for health but { have to pass my
e?amination. Therefore, the more { am able to read the more certain { can be of passing my
e?amination. {t is for this reason that { read my books for about two hours after lunch everyday.
"fter reading in the afternoon, { have my bath and then a cup of tea. Having done these, { go out to
my friend's house nearby and discuss our lessons for about an hour with my friend. Sometimes we
go for a walk and as we do so, we talk mainly about our lessons. !y friend is very good at her
lessons and she e?plains many of the things that { do not understand clearly in school.
Sometimes, however, { remain at home to help my mother in the kitchen, especially if we e?pect
some visitors. { must admit that { en)oy doing such work, as it helps me to learn how to prepare a
good meal. { have already learned how to make some delicious cakes by helping my mother. There
are times when { spend some time working in our vegetable garden. !y parents have planted many
varieties of vegetables, and { help them to water the plants so that they may grow well. (urther, {
also spend some time decorating my house, when { feel that things in my house have become too
dull to look at. "t night, { study my lesson again, and go to bed late after dinner. Thus, my time
after school is spent in a variety of way.
*+% %,-!".
j prepare kvlm chun b%
o. leisure knlm th1i gian rhi
p. delicious kad)lm ngon
q. decorate kvlm trang ho.ng, trang tra
The things I disli'e the most
There are many things that most people dislike. The things that { dislike the most are noise, crowds
and la'iness.
Poise disturbs me greatly. This is why { do not like to live in a city where noise predominates.
(rom dawn till midnight, vehicles run to and for in the city to make the place e?tremely noisy. The
noise is further increased by the voices of thousands of people engaged in all kinds of activity and
the sounds of other things such as busy factories and machines. (or this reason, the very thought of
going to a city, even for a short visit, is distasteful to me.
{n the same way, { also dislike crowds. *rowds make movement difficult. {f a place is crowded, it is
not easy to move about or do any work. {f we are in a hurry to go somewhere, a crowd can delay
our progress.
" crowd can also interfere with our en)oyment of sights and visits. (or e?ample, if we go with
others to places like the museum and the 'oo, we may not be able to en)oy looking at the things
around because of the constant fear of losing sight of the others with us, especially if they are
small.
(inally, { dislike la'iness because { feel that a la'y person is always a burden not only to his parents
but also to others. `y refusing to do any work he compels others to work for his comforts.
Sometimes even a weak and poor person has to struggle to provide for a strong and healthy man
who will not e?ert himself only because he is la'y. Such a person is certainly inconsiderate and ill
mannered towards others. "s long as he gets what he needs and wants, he does not care what others
think of him. { hate to see such a person, even if he is my own brother or father.
These arguments e?plain why { hate the things that { mentioned above.
*+% %,-!".
j. la'iness knlm sZ l41i bi8ng, tanh l41i bi8ng
o. predominate kvlm chi8m 4u th8, v4ft tr+i
p. run to and fro kvlm 7i 7i, lHi lHi
q. distasteful kad)lm khO ch%u, kh=ng v0a T
s. interfere kvlm g<y tr- ngHi
t. constant kad)lm kh=ng ngNt, kh=ng d^t, liIn miIn
u. burden knlm g2nh n|ng
v. compel kvlm bDt bu+c, np bu+c, thRc np
w. inconsiderate kad)lm thi8u <n cFn, thi8u chu 72o, thi8u Yuan t<m
jx. argument knlm lT le, luUn c^
!escrie the things you en$oy doing
{ do many things everydaym but the things { en)oy doing most are picking flowers and preparing my
school lessons.
"s a girl of fourteen years of age, { help my mother everyday. !y mother is a very religious lady.
Every evening, before her prayers, { go out in search of flowers which she needs during her prayers.
{ must admit that looking for flowers around my house is a very pleasant e?ercise. { go to all our
neighbours' gardens where a great variety of flowers can be found. #ur neighbours are very kind
and they allow me to pick as many flowers as j like.
"s { look at the flowers, { fell e?tremely happy. They are so beautiful and colourful that they make
the gardens the best place to visit in our area. #nce { am in these gardens { spend a long time to
pick flowers because of the sheer pleasure of walking inside the gardens. Then, { return to the house
with the best flowers that grow in these gardens, and my mother is always happy to see them. Thus,
{ must say that { en)oy picking fjowers very much.
&reparing my school lessons also gives me a lot of pleasure. "s { prepare them. { learn many things
about the world and its affairs, past and present. j also learn about the people around us as well as
those who are thousands of miles away in different lands across the oceans. (urther, { jearn more
and more new words and phrases which help me to e?press my own thoughts and feelings better.
èsides, the knowledge that { acYuire while preparing my lessons helps me to meet and talk with
people with greater confidence. {t is for these reasons that { like to prepare my lessons.
Thus, the things that { like to do most not only amuse my mind but also contribute to the e?tension
of my knowledge.
*+% %,-!".
j. pick kvlm h2i khoal
o. religious kad)lm s5ng 7Ho, m+ 7Ho, ngoan 7Ho
p. sheer kad)lm ho.n to.n, 7Mn thuFn
q. confidence knlm sZ tin cUy, sZ YuC Yuy8t
s. e?tension knlm sZ m- r+ng
Phn 6
+4press your opinion on the importance of studying geography
Geography is a fascinating sub)ect. {t reveals all the wonderful changes and activities that have
been going on in the world since the beginning of time.
`y reading geography we learn not only about our own country but also about countries beyond the
seas. $e also learn about the mountains, oceans, islands, lakes, volcanoes, the winds and a number
of other very interesting things about the world and the bniverse.
"mong the important things that we learn in Geography are the infinite varieties of creatures.
plants, birds and land features that e?ist in the world. $e know that there are millions of creaturesm
small and large, of various kinds in all parts of the earth. $e also know that many of the early
creatures have now become e?tinct, while many of them have changed from their original forms.
eading about all these is indeed very interesting.
$e also learn about the various types of plants and birds that e?ist throughout the world. The plants
and birds in the cold lands are not the same as those in warmer lands. {n the same way, the land
forms in the cold regions are different from those in other regions. {n the eYuatorial regions, for
e?ample, plant and animal life is lu?uriant while in the poles the land is covered with snow, and
animal and plant life is less abundant. {n eYuatorial regions abundant rain has produced large rivers
and lakes, while in areas where little rain falls there are large deserts without many rivers and
lakes.
"s the climate and vegetation of one place are not the same as those of another, the habits and
activities of the people of different regions are also different. Even their religious convictions and
languages are different from those of other parts of the world.
Thus, Geography is a very important sub)ect, and because of its width and variety it is one of the
most interesting sub)ects to read.
*+% %,-!".
j. geography knlm 7%a lT hBc
o. volcano knlm nRi l@a
p. universe knlm vQ trb, vHn vUt
q. lu?uriant kadilm phong phR, phyn th%nh, um t5m
s. abundant kad)lm nhiJu, phong phR, dyi d.o
t. vegetation knl m th4c vUt, c<y c,i, thCm thZc vUt .
u. conviction knlm sZ nhUn th^c, th/y t+i lhi
The importance of rivers
ivers have been very useful to men in all parts of the earth since very early times. They provide
water to slake the thirst of men, to fertili'e their lands and to provide a means of communication for
the goods that they transport from place to place.
Early civili'ation began on the banks of the great rivers of the world, such as the Pile and the
{ndus. These rivers provided the water, the people on their banks needed for all their purposes. "s
people in those early days did not have the transport facilities that we have today . They had to live
close to the rivers to transport their goods to places along the rivers and to draw the water that they
needed.
ivers not only provided water for their domestic needs and agricultural purposes but also enabled
the people to move from place to place along their banks. òats or rafts were used to travel from
one end of a river to another. {n the same way, goods were also transported. $ith the transport of
good and the contacts of people between different parts of the same river there were also many
cultural e?changes. Thus, rivers helped to spread civili'ation.
{t is true, however, that rivers have also caused much misery and unhappiness to millions of people
throughout history. They have caused floods and destroyed lives and property in all parts of the
earth. (or e?ample, the Hwang Ho in *hina has been described as the sorrow of *hina because of
the destruction that it had caused in the past.
ùt it should be realised that floods occur once in several years. Therefore, the damage that rivers
cause is not so great as the benefits that they confer on humanity. Today,rivers continue to be used
not only as a source of water for drinking and fertili'ing the lands or as a means of transport but
also as a source of electricity which has revolutioni'ed society. The importance of rivers is
therefore not difficult to appreciate.
*+% %,-!".
j. slake the thirst kvlm l.m giCm cMn kh2t, 79 kh2t
o. civili'ation knlm nJn v3n minh
p. bank knlm b1 s=ng
q. facilities knlm 7iJu kiEn dS d.ng, thuUn lfi, tiEn nghi
s. domestic kad)lm trong nh., trong gia 7]nh
t. raft k n lm b_, mCng, b_ gh
u. revolutioni'e kvlm c2ch mHng ho2
v. appreciate kvlm 72nh gi2 7Rng, 72nh gi2 cao, th4-ng th^c
The value of oo's
Veep in the heart of every good book lies the distilled wisdom of centuries. To read it is to become
wiser.
òoks are written for the benefit and pleasure of all those who like to read them. ùt they are of
various types. There are books for children, as well as for adults. Some books are written for the
specialists, some are written for students in the schools and universities, and many are written )ust
for the pleasures of the mind. {ndeed, the variety of books is infinite.
#ne of the reasons for the e?istence of such a wide variety of books is that the field of knowledge is
very e?tensive. Even to grasp a small part of it one has to read several books for many years.
"nother reason is that different people have different likes and dislikes. The book that one likes to
read, the other may not like. To meet these broad and varying needs of people for information,
knowledge, recreation and aesthetic en)oyment, more and more books are being written every year.
Those who aim to speciali'e in a certain branch of knowledge concentrate more on the books that
provide information on their particular field of study. {n the libraries and book shops they look
mainly for such books. ùt those who have no particular interest in any sub)ect read and buy all
types of books. Sometimes they buy books intended for the specialist, sometimes they buy those
written for children. and sometimes if they are preparing for some e?amination, they buy books
which give some information on their e?amination sub)ects.
"lmost every book e?tends the knowledge of the reader and develops his intellect as well. Even if
the reader does not learn any new facts from the book, he may at least learn a few new words,
e?pressions or ideas. {n fact, certain books are written mainly to acYuaint the reader with the beauty
of language and ideas. They do not deal with facts or actual human e?periences. òoks of this type
provide great pleasure to the mind, and almost everyone who loves reading buys a few of such
books. òoks have also helped to promote better understanding among the peoples of the world. `y
reading books. The people of one country have come to know about the achievements of those in
other countries.
Thus, books could be regarded as one of the channels of communication among men. {ndeed,
without books man would not have made so much progress as he has made today. `y applying the
knowledge that he has gained from books to practical purposes, he has made the world a pleasant
place to live in. *ivili'ation therefore owes a great debt to these inanimate things called books.
*+% %,-!".
j. distil kvlm 7Rc k8t, ch4ng c/t
o. specialist knlm chuyIn gia, chuyIn viIn
p. varying kad)lm hay thay 7:i, hay bi8n 7:i, kh=ng :n 7%nh
q. aesthetic kad)lm kthu+cl m hBc, thm m
s. field knlm lnh vZc, phHm vi
t. intellect knlm tra tuE
u. at least m at nh/t, t,i thicu
v. promote kvlm thRc 7y, khach jE, ?Rc ti8n
w. achievement knlm th.nh tach, th.nh tZu
jx. channel knlm kInh, nguyn kth=ng tin, tin t^c...l
jj. inanimate kad)lm v= tri, v= gi2c
!o you thin' that physical education is important(
The value of physical education has been reali'ed since the earliest times of human e?istence. The
Greeks and the omans considered it indispensable to the development of a good personality and
character.
Today in all the schools and universities in the world, a great deal emphasis is being placed on
physical education as a means of producing citi'ens of good character and personality.
&hysical education develops the muscles of the body scientifically and increases muscular activity
and physical strength. "ll this makes the body active and efficient. {t is now also reali'ed that there
is a close connection between the body and the mind. Therefore, if the body is active, the mind too
is active. &roof of this can be easily found among children. *hildren who are inactive physically are
usually also mentally la'y. "n active and efficient body is a healthy body. $hen the body is
healthy, the mind too is and therefore happy. Thus, physical education contributes greatly to the
health and happiness of an individual such an individual could do a great deal for the good of
society.
&hysical education can also contribute to the strength of a nation. {f the youths of a country receive
proper physical education, they can build up a strong country to protect itself from foreign attacks
or invasions.
(urther, physical education provides opportunities for contacts with people of other lands. "thletes
of all countries meet at various countries at various times to compete with one another and thus
promote common understanding among countries for the benefit of one another.
{t is therefore, not without reason that physical education has been a part and parcel of academic
pursuit today. { do therefore agree that physical education is important to all people.
*+% %,-!".
j. physical kad)lm kthu+cl thc ch/t
o. indispensable kad)lm tuyEt 7,i cFn thi8t
p. emphasis knlm sZ nh/n mHnh, tFm Yuan trBng
q. muscle knlm bDp th%t, cM
s. proof knlm ch^ng c^, bng ch^ng
t. inactive kad)lm kh=ng hoHt 7+ng, thi8u hoHt 7+ng
u. individual kad)lm c2 nh<n
v. invasion knlm sZ ?<m l4fc
w. opportunity kad)lm cM h+i, th1i cM
jx. athlete knlm vUn 7+ng viInr lZc s
jj. part and parcel m th.nh phFn kh=ng thc thi8u
jo. pursuit knlm sZ theo 7u:i nghJ nghiEp ho|c hoHt 7+ng
The importance of reading ne&spapers
"s the name suggests newspapers are a source of news and information. {n several respects they are
also a medium of communication among the peoples of the world.
Today there are hundreds of newspapers all over the world. Everywhere there is a keen desire to
learn more and more about the affairs of the world. This is partly the result of the spread of
education which sharpens one's curiosity to learn about distant lands.
"s a source of newsm the newspaper is almost indispensable to those whose thirst for knowledge is
insatiable. They contain news on events in distant corners of the earth. {nformation about such
events arrives almost immediately. "s a result. people everywhere are informed about the most
important events in the world ver[ Yuickly and almost all the same time. (or e?ample, if a war
breaks out in one part of the world today , the people in the other parts will certainly come to know
about it tomorrow. "s a result, all the countries of the world are able to do something Yuickly to
help those who have suffered because of the war or to persuade the countries at war to cease
fighting.
Pewspapers also play an important part in keeping the peoples of the world informed about the
troubles that might arise in the future, if nothing is done to prevent them from happening. (or
e?ample, if a dispute arises between two countries for any reasonm the newspapers can keep the
peoples of the world informed about what might happen if nothing is done to persuade the two
countries to resolve their differences peacefully. {n this way many wars have been avoided because
of the intervention of some countries in the disputes of many countries which were given
prominences in newspapers.
$hen all this is considered, we feel that there is some silent communication among countries
through the medium of newspapers for the common benefit of the countries of the world.
(urther, constant reading of newspapers improves ones outlook on life and makes one a more
reasonable person. The importance of the newspaper is therefore obvious.
*+% %,-!".
j. respect knlm ph4Mng diEn, khaa cHnh
o. medium knlm ph4Mng tiEn
p. keen kad)lm mWnh liEt, thi8t tha, nhiEt t]nh
q. insatiable kad)lm kh=ng thc thoC mWn 74fc
s. cease kvlm d0ng, ng0ng, ngNt, tHnh
t. arise kvlm ?u/t hiEn, nCy sinh ra, ?Cy ra
u. intervention knlm sZ can thiEp, sZ ?en v.o
v. prominenceknlm sZ n:i bUt, sZ 72ng chR T
!iscuss the part played y science in the promotion of pulic health during the last hundreds years
#ne of the most striking features of the present century is the progress of science and its effects on
almost every aspect of social life. ùilding on the foundations laid by their precedessors the
scientists of today are carrying their investigation into ever widening fields of knowledge.
The contribution of science to the promotion of public health in the last hundred years has indeed
been tremendous. The unceasing work and e?periments of scientists during this time have led to
numerous discoveries and removed many misconceptions that many people had before, regarding
health illness. The causes of many of the diseases have become generally known. {ndeed, many of
the facts relating to public health, which are now regarded as common knowledge, were unknown
even to the doctors of those days. The fact that germs were the cause of most of the common
diseases was not realised by doctors of high repute in the not very distant past. Today, however,
even a pupil of a primary school has some knowledge of the destruction that germs can cause. The
discovery of germs has indeed revolutionised all medical concepts of disease and illnessm
everywhere people have come to realise the importance of cleanliness in the prevention of disease.
The researchers or scientists of all countries have also revealed other secrets. {t is now known that
illness and diseases can be caused by other living creatures also, such as flies, insects and even
birds, animals and human beings. Their discoveries have contributed to the progress of medical
science. Today, people in all parts of the world are doing their utmost to destroy the creatures that
carry diseases. "t the same time, however, scientists have also discovered that certain animals and
creatures could provide some cure for a variety of diseases that are dangerous to human beings.
Even the curative value of certain plants has been discovered.
"n important result of the discoveries of scientists has been that, they have also found the cure of
almost every disease. {t is a practice of the scientists to work for the discovery of a cure as soon as
they have discovered the causes of a certain disease. This service of the scientists has promoted the
welfare of the human race. {n this field of research, scientists make no distinction between races.
$hatever they discover is used for the advantage of men everywhere. The progress of humanity is
their main aim.
The work of medical scientists also reduced pain to great e?tent. {n the past operations were
performed on individuals in a very crude manner. "mputation was a very painful affair. Today,
however. the whole body of a man could be cut open without his feeling any pain by the use of
chloroform. {n this way science has relieved the misery of men tremendously.
"nother very important discovery has been that, water, without which life cannot e?ist, sometimes
contains the elements of destruction as well. impure water could spread disease and death at
tremendous speed. This knowledge has led people in all parts of the world to use only pure water
tor all domestic and other purposes. $ater is considered so important a factor in public health that
all the governments of the world control its use for drinking purposes. "ll these discoveries have
indeed promoted public health during the last hundred years.
*+% %,-!".
j. foundationknlm sZ th.nh lUp, sZ s2ng lUp
o. precedessor knlm ng41i 7i tr4Nc, ng41i tiJn nhiEm
p. unceasing kad)lm liIn tbc, kh=ng ng0ng, kh=ng mEt m6i
q. misconception knlm Yuan niEm sai lFm
s. germknlm vi tr5ng, mFm bEnh
t. crude kad)lm th= thicn, th= bHo
u. amputation knlm thL thuUt cDt cbt
v. chloroform knlm cloroform m+t loHi hOa ch/t g<y mI
w. factor knlm nh<n t,
%ater is important for all living things7 !o you agree or disagree( 1ive your reasons7
$ithout water no living thing on the earth could survive. $e need water To Yuench our thirst. water
our lands to grow crops or to keep the animals and fowls in our homes alive. Even the plants and
insects in all parts in the world need water to live.
$e also need water to produce electricity and to carry our goods or trade. Electricity is very
important for our comforts today. "lmost everything that we use in our homes today depends on the
use of electricity. {n the same way, water also helps to transport many or the goods that we need for
our homes. Ships, rafts and boats carry many things from distant lands and help to e?change goods
between one country and another. Transport by water is easier and cheaper than by air or land.
ùt water has also caused much sorrow and hardship in all parts of the world floods and heavy
rains have destroyed crops, lives and property through the centuries and caused much sorrow
everywhere.
et, water is so important that all living things, including the tiniest of creatures, will continue to
struggle to get it whenever or wherever they can.
*+% %,-!".
j. Yuench kvlm l.m h8t kh2t
o. fowl knlm chim, g.
The value of education
`riefly, education means the acYuisition of knowledge and abilities, and the development of one's
character and mental powers by systematic training and instruction. Education is therefore of great
value to any person.
{t has been reali'ed that a person without education is deprived of many benefits. He not only lacks
the knowledge of human affairs but also the ability to appreciate the value of many of the things
that concern his own welfare. Thus, he is not able to contribute his full share to the progress of
society and the world. Peither is he able to develop his personality to the fullest e?tent.
#ne of the greatest benefits of education is that it helps a person to understand the position that he
occupies in society. {t helps him to speak and conduct himself with confidence and dignity which
earn him the respect and admiration of others. Thus, he occupies an important position in society,
and people look up to him as their leader.
"nother benefit of education today is that it helps one to secure lucrative employment. {n the world
of today, almost every kind of employment reYuires some understanding of a few basic principles
of science, mathematics, economics, engineering, accountancy or some other sub)ects on the part of
the worker. Thus, the better education a person has better prospects he has of securing attractive
positions in the various professions.
(inally, education makes a person sympathetic and considerate towards others. He is helpful to
those who need his advice and guidance, and is not critical of those who commit offences or
mistakes out of ignorance or necessity. (urther, he does not like to hurt the feelings of others. Even
if he is e?tremely provoked, he tries to e?press his displeasure or anger in words which give the
slightest offence to others and yet e?press his outraged feelings adeYuately.
"s a result of all these Yualities that a person acYuires through education, he becomes a very
pleasant person to associate with. He thus lives a fuller life in socially.
*+% %,-!".
j. brieflykadvlm m+t c2ch vDn tDt, ngDn gBn
o. acYuisition knlm sZ gi.nh 74fc, sZ thu 74fc
p. deprive kvlm l/y 7i, t4Nc 7i
q . dignity k n lm phm gi2, nh<n c2ch, lAng tZ trBng
s. lucrative kadilm cO lfi, sinh lfi
s. accountancy knlm nghJ k8 to2n
u. prospects kn. plu.lm khC n3ng th.nh c=ng, tricn vBng
v. offence knlm sZ phHm t+i
w. ignoranceknlm ngu d,t
jx. provoke kvlm khiIu khach, chBc t^c
jj. adeYuately kadvlm t4Mng ?^ng, thach 72ng, thoC 72ng
jo. associate kvlm k8t giao, giao thiEp
An interesting story I have heard
"n interesting story that { have heard is about a deserted house in a remote village somewhere in
{ndia.
The house had not been occupied for several years after the death of its owner. (or some reason no
one liked or cared for the owner. Therefore, when he died, he was not buried. His dead body
remained in his bed until it was reduced to its skeleton.
#ne evening a traveller was passing by this house when it suddenly began to rain heavily. Looking
for shelter , he ran into this house, where, to his surprise and terror, he saw a human skeleton. ùt
the rain had not stopped and it was rapidly growing dark. He has therefore no choice but to sit
there, in the hope that somebody like him might come in to keep him company. ùt no one came. {t
was now too dark to see anything outside. He therefore decided to spend the night in that dark and
lonely house. The rain continued to fall unabated. The wind was strong and there was much
lightning. The traveller lay on the floor but he could not sleep with the skeleton inside the house.
"fter several hours, there was a sudden very cold crawling over his body. he was now too
frightened to move. "fter a while, he heard another strange cry. ust at that moment, a lightning
flashed across the sky when he saw a large animal )ump out of the house through a window which
had been open. He now began to pray for his safety.
$hile he was in this position, some robbers happened to take shelter in the verandah of the house.
They began to talk and laugh loudly. Hearing the voices, the traveller began to ask some Yuestions
from inside to make sure that there were some people outside. ùt the robbers were now frightened.
They thought that it was the voice of ghost. They ran away as fast as they could. when morning
came. The traveller rushed out of the house and never returned to that part of the country.
*+% %,-!".
j. skeleton knlm b+ ?4Mng
o. shelter knlm chh n4Mng tZa, chh n n2u
p. keep s.b company m cO ai bIn cHnh l.m bFu bHn
q. unabated kad)lm kh=ng giCm sRt, kh=ng y8u 7i
s. crawl knlm l.m s-n gai ,c
t. robber knlm kz c4Npr kz tr+m
u. verandah knlm hiIn, h_, h.nh lang
3y most favorite su$ect
!y most favourite sub)ect is English which is today one of the most important languages in the
world. {t is spoken and understood in all parts of the earth.
English has become an international language for a variety of reasons. #ne of the most important of
them is that the English people have been wellknown for their knowledge of science medicine,
engineering, government and all other matters that are useful for the progress of the human race. {t
is because of the scientists of England that the motor engine has become the most important
machine in the world today.
{n the same way, English scholar have studied the past and discovered many things of great value to
the peoples of the world. Some of the things which were useful to men in the early days were later
forgotten by others. Such things are now again being used, owing to the work of English scholars.
The insatiable thirst for knowledge of the English scholars has contributed to the progress of man in
almost all fields of his activity. Thousands of books have been written by such scholars on almost
every sub)ect that one can think of. Thus, people whose native tongue is not English have learnt
English with great interest as a means of acYuiring knowledge of all human affairs.
"s a result or this interest English is used almost everywhere in the world. {t is used in all the
important meetings and conferences and debates such as in nited Pation. {t is also used in all the
leading universities in the world and in international trade and commerce. "s it is used so widely,
English has indeed become a very rich language. &eople of all the countries of the world have
contributed new ideas and thoughts to this language.
Thus, more and more new words are being coined to make this language more and more useful tor
the communication of ideas and information among the peoples of the world. {t is for all these
reasons that { like to study the English language.
*+% %,-!".
j. scholar knlm hBc giC
o. insatiable thirst m sZ kh2t khao kh=ng thc th6a mWn
p. native tongue knlm ti8ng m> 7z
q. debate knlm cu+c tranh luUn, cu+c thCo luUn, cu+c tranh cWi
s. commerce knlm th4Mng mHi, th4Mng nghiEp
!escrie an unpleasant dream you have had
Everyone dreams. Some dreams are pleasant and some are not. #ne of the most unpleasant dreams
that { have had concerns a wild creature which used to visit a village every night in search of blood
and flesh.
{t is difficult for me to give a proper description of the creature. {t was tall, black and hairy. {ts legs
and hands resembled those of a man, but its face was like that of a leopard. {t walked like a man but
it could also run like an animal when it wished. {ts home was not on land but in the sea. However,
its thirst for blood was insatiable. Every night when all the people in the village that it used to visit
went to bed, it would come out of the sea and Yuietly go into the village. {t would look for a man
who might be outside. Such was its luck that it found at least one man every night. {ts method of
attack was simple. "s soon as it saw a man, it would put its powerful hands round his neck and
strangle him. "t the same time it would sink its teeth into the flesh and drink his blood. This
unfortunate man would have no time to shout, for death came swiftly.
{n this way, the creature had killed a lot of people, but no one could e?plain their disappearance. "s
the foot prints of the creature were similar to those of a tall and big man, no one could distinguish
between the foot prints of the creature and those of a man. Then, one night, { happened to be in the
village. The creature, however, did not see me when it came. { was at first frightened. but when {
saw it had caught and killed a man, j felt brave. { knew that it would now not bother to kill me. {
therefore decided to follow the creature.
Pot suspecting that it was being followed, the creature stopped at a place and began to eat the man.
$hen it was satisfied, it picked up the remains of the man and slowly walked back into the sea
which was only a short distance from the village. "ll the while { moved very cautiously. Then, { ran
back to the village and told the people what had happened. #n the ne?t day, the villagers waited
near the sea with all the weapons that they had. The creature came out for its usual meals, but this
was an unfortunate day for the creature. "s soon as it was on the land, the villagers surrounded it
and killed it. {ts cries of pain and anger before it died were such that { suddenly woke up to find that
{ was only dreaming. { felt greatly relieved.
*+% %,-!".
j. concern kvlm liIn Yuan 78n, danh lau tNi
o. description knlm sZ diSn tC, sZ miIu tC
p. resemble kvlm gi,ng vNi, t4Mng tZ
q. leopard knlm con b2o
s. strangle kvlm bOp ngh>t
s. swiftly kadvlm nhanhr nhanh chOng, ngay lUp t^c
u. distinguish kvlm ph<n biEt
v. bother kvlm 2y n2y, b3n kho3n, lo ngHi
w. cautiously kadvlm cn thn, thUn trBng
jx. surround kvlm v<y Yuanh, bao Yuanh
!escrie your last holiday
Vuring my last school holidays. { spent a few days at my cousin's house at !orib, a wellknown sea
resort. { shall never forget that visit.
#n the day { arrived at !orib, my cousin told me that he would do to make my stay there a very
interesting one. He said that he would first make a raft to use it in the sea. Then he would buy
fishing net to catch some fish in the shallow waters near the coast. $hen { heard all this, { was very
delighted because it was for these reasons that { had decided to visit my cousin. $e then walked up
to the beach which is near his house.
$hile we were there, sometime in the evening, the sea looked e?tremely beautiful. { saw the
islands and hills in the distance, the birds in the air, and a few boys and girls playing on the beach. {
also saw some fishermen coming out of the water with their catch. "ll this was indeed very
interesting to look at.
#n the ne?t day, my cousin and { collected some tree trunks from the forest nearby. "s my cousin's
house is close to the sea, we decided to make the raft on the beach itself. {t took us almost the
whole morning to make the raft. $e then had our lunch and went to ànting, the nearest town, to
buy fishing net. "fter that we returned to my cousin's house.
{n the evening we put the ran on the sea. The water was still high, but the raft floated Yuite well.
!y cousin and { sat on it and began to row it by using the oars that we had made ourselves. $e felt
very happy indeed and continued to row it. $e remained on it for a long time, but as it was already
getting dark we did not go far. $e returned to the shore and tied the raft to a tree.
#n the ne?t day, we went out to catch some crabs and fish. $e used the net that we had bought and
caught a lot of fish. Then, we had our lunch and went out again on the ran. we continued to row it
as far as we could. {t was really a pleasure to be away from the shore. The sea was calm and we
could row with ease. !y cousin told me many interesting things about !orib. $e then returned to
the shore.
{n this way, { spent my holidays happily at !orib, a place { shall never forget.
*+% %,-!".
j. sea resort knlm nMi nghd m2t - b1 bicn
o. raft knlm c2i b_, c2i mCng
p. delighted kad)lm h.o h^ng, h.i lAng
q. e?tremely kadvlm t+t c5ng, cZc 7+, cZc k]
s. trunk knlm th<n c.y
u. row kvlm ch_o thuyJn
v. oar knlm m2i ch_o
w. remain kvlm - lHi
jx. to get dark m ktr1il t,i dFn
jj. tie kvlm bu+c, c+t, trOa
jo. crab knlm con cua
jp. ease knlm sZ dS d.ng
8ournalism as a career
"lmost everyone who can read and write sometimes feels the urge to write on some favourite topic.
ùt some people love writing so much that they spend much of their time in writing something on
various sub)ects for the sheer pleasure of writing. Such people usually become skillful writersr and
if the ability to write with ease and facility was enough to achieve success in the field of
)ournalism, many people would make )ournalism their career.
{n countries like England and apan, where there are hundreds of newspapers and )ournals,
)ournalism is an attractive profession. {t is a very good source or income to many. ùt in !alaysia
there are so few newspapers and )ournals that )ournalism offers almost no prospect of success. Even
in England and apan, however, many people have failed to achieve any success in this field. To be
successful in )ournalism, one must have many other Yualities, besides the ability to write
effectively. #ne of the most important Yualities is the ability to )udge what the average reader likes
or dislikes. {f one writes for a political )ournal, one should have a fair knowledge of what the
readers of that )ournal e?pect from it. {f one writes for a women's )ournal, one should know almost
instinctively what its readers prefer. "ccordingly, the )ournalist should gather information from all
possible sources for his articles and stories for publication. He may even have to distort or omit
certain facts and information, which in his )udgement may appear unpleasant to his readers.
(urther, if certain unpleasant facts have to be revealed to his readers, he has to employ words with
such skill that his readers will take almost no offence. "ll these reYuire great intellectual Yualities.
èsides, to collect information, the )ournalist has to travel e?tensively and meet many people, far
and near. "s too much travelling involve great physical activity, the )ournalist has to pay sufficient
attention to his health to keep himself strong. He has also to cultivate pleasing habits to meet all
sorts of people. He must also he prepared to work under very unpleasant circumstances. (or
e?ample, if he is working for a popular newspaper, he may have to be at the scene or a battle and
risk his life to send his report to his newspaper office. "ll this involves great personal sacrifice.
(inally, a good )ournalist should have a good grasp of the constitutional rights of the citi'ens of his
country and the policies of his government. He should also know the laws of libel and slander.
{gnorance of any or these may lead him to make unfair criticisms and disclosures which may cause
serious troubles in the country. Thus, success in )ournalism is not easy to attain, and only a few
people make it their career.
*+% %,-!".
j. facility knlm khC n3ng hBc ho3c l.m viEc m+t c2ch dS d.ng
o. achieve kvlm 7Ht 74fc, gi.nh 74fc
p. )ournalism knlm nghJ l.m b2o, vi8t b2o
q . )udge k v lm ?nt 7o2n, ph2n 7o2n, 72nh gi2
s. instinctively kadvlm theo bCn n3ng, do bCn n3ng
t. distort knlm bOp mno, ?uyIn tHc
u. sufficient kad)lm 7Fy 7L
v. circumstance knl m ho.n cCnh, tr41ng hfp
w. constitutional kad)l m thu+c hi8n ph2p, theo hi8n ph2p
jx. libel knl m l1i phd b2ng, t+i phd b2ng
jj. slander knlm sZ vu kh,ng. sZ vu c2o
jo. disclosure knl m sZ vHch trFn, sZ phMi b.y
Beauty in nature
èauty is hard to define but easy to recognise. {n nature beauty may be discerned in all things and
places, even in the most une?pected regions of the earth. There is beauty in the infinite variety of
flowers, birds, animals and plants, many of which are vividly colourful.
There is beauty in mountains, valleys and hills, and in the skies. Thus, beauty can be found in all
the creations of God. Then hunter who scans the forests for his Yuarry is often fascinated by the
beauty that he finds in ob)ects, which conceal beautiful flowers from human sight, suddenly reveal
their secrets to him when he stumbles over them. The fisherman who turns to the sea for his
livelihood is fascinated by the beauty of the multitudinous creatures that swarm in the seas. !any
of these creatures are found even on the shore. ùt the oceans often conceal the beauty that lies
below their surface, and to catch a glimpse of the beauty of the world below the sea, hundreds of
divers everywhere e?plore the bottoms of the oceans, even at the risk of losing their lives in the
unknown regions of the world below.
Even the farmer and the traveller appreciate the beauty that is found in nature. The farmer finds
beauty in the variety of the plants that he grows. The traveller is impressed with the beauty of
distant hills and mountains, and the beauty of meadering rivers in large valleys. He is also
appreciative of the beauty of the night. "s he travel in the moonlight, he looks at the landscape and
is lost in admiration of it.
The beauty in nature is also appreciated by others. "lmost every one delights to see the rushing
streams and the numerous birds and animals that may be found in every part of the earth, for these
are part of the ornaments of nature. Even the tiniest of creatures has a beauty of its own. {n search
of this beauty in nature, men in all parts of the world are travelling great distances and spending a
great deal of money, even in some cases, even their life savings. {t is this appreciation of natural
beauty that impels men to visit distant lands which have a beauty of their own. !en have also
visited the islands that are spread throughout the world in search of the natural beauty. !any have
seen visited the cold deserts in the "rtics as well as the hot deserts where few plants grow, in search
of the beauty that may be found in these regions, despite the lack of vegetation and animals life.
The deserts are indeed the home of many beautiful plants and animals which find sufficient refuge
in these pans, and many of the birds too, here are remarkable for their beauty.
ùt the person who is most appreciative of natural beauty is the poet who finds music and beauty
even in the movement of the clouds and winds. His deep appreciation of the beauty that he finds
around him impels him to give utterance to it in the most e?pressive language, which is itself often
of imperishable beauty.
*+% %,-!".
j. discern kvlm nhUn th^c, th/y r
o. God knlm chRa tr1i, th4fng 78
p. scan kvlm ?em td md, kicm tra cn thUn
q. Yuarry knlm con myi
s. conceal kvlm gi/u gi8m, che 7Uy
t. reveal kvlm b+c l+, bicu l+, ti8t l+
u. stumble kvlm v/p, tr4ft ch<n
v. multitudinous kad)lm r/t nhiJu, v= s, kc
w. glimpse knlm c2i nh]n tho2ng Yua
jx. meander kvlm ngon ngo_o, Yuanh co, khRc khuu
jj. ornament knlm 7y trang ho.ng, 7y trang tra
jo. impel kvlm thRc np, bDt bu+c
jp. refuge knlm nMi tr,n tr2nh, nMi n n2u, nMi trR /n
jq. remarkable kad)lm 72ng chR T, 72ng 7c T
js. utterance knlm sZ ph2t bicu, sZ b.y t6
jt. imperishable kad)lm b/t hL, b/t t@, b/t diEt
!o you agree that the study of 3athematics is essential to the progress of the human race(
Though the study of !athematics had occupied the attention of Egyptian and Greek scholars
centuries ago, yet it was only after the advent of the {ndustrial evolution that the importance of the
sub)ect was fully realised by scholars and educationists everywhere. Today, !athematics is one of
the most important sub)ects in all the schools and universities of the world.
èfore the {ndustrial evolution, men lived very simple lives. "griculture, hunting and fishing
were then their main sources of livelihood. {t did not occur to them that their lives could be made
more comfortable if they only e?ercised their mental faculties a little more and organised a system
of knowledge, which we now call the Science, and applied it to practical purposes. Thus, they
turned to nature for sustenance, and were satisfied with what they could acYuire from nature with
their skills. This simple mode of e?istence was, however, disturbed by the inventions of a few men,
sometime in the eighteenth century, which caused people everywhere to think of new ways of
improving their conditions of living. The inventions revealed new sources of comfort, and power
for the production of goods. Thus, the {ndustrial evolution began. !ore and more machines were
invented for the rapid production of goods, and the study of !athematics began to receive great
encouragement, for it was realised that machines function on mathematical principles.
The intensive study of !athematics revealed its potentialities. {t was soon applied not only to
invent new machinery but also to e?plain abstruse sub)ects such as &hysics, Logic and many others.
{n fact, !athematics is now used to teach and e?plain almost every important sub)ect in schools
and universities. Even the construction of buildings and bridges reYuires a deep knowledge of
!athematics.
The study of !athematics has also helped to increase the mental powers of men. They are not only
able to think more clearly than they could before but are also able to understand and e?plain many
of the things which they could not understand earlier.
Sometimes, however, !athematical principles have been applied for tragic conseYuences. {n battles
and wars, bombs and cannonballs have been released with remarkable accuracy to destroy the
enemy. This fact reveals how knowledge of !athematics could be used to hinder human progress.
ùt such a situation develops only when men have lost their patience and their capacity for
compromise and fortunately the leaders of the world today are trying their utmost to remove the
causes for war.
{n general, however, men have a natural impulse to live in peace and harmony with others, and
almost every invention is aimed at promoting the welfare of the peoples of the world. Thus, the
human race has benefited from the efforts of those who have made the fullest use of !athematical
principles for all their inventions. { therefore agree that the study of !athematics is essential to the
progress of the human race.
*+% %,-!".
j. the mental facultiesm n3ng lZc, tra tuE
o. sustenance knlm ch/t b,, sZ b: d49ng
p. encouragement knlm niJm khach lE, niJm c: vQ, niJm 7+ng viIn
q. intensive kad)lm chuyIn s<u, cao 7+, mHnh me, s<u sDc, tUp trung
s. potentiality knlm tiJm n3ng, tiJm lZc
t. abstruse kad)lm khO hicu, th<m thuT, s<u sDc
u. conseYuence knlm hUu YuC, k8t YuC
v. cannonball knlm 7Hn tr2i ph2
w. impulse knlm sZ thRc 7y, sZ th=i thRc
jx. welfare knlm hHnh phRc, sZ th%nh v4fng
%hat contriutions can &riters ma'e to the promtion of good&ill among the people of a country(
Since remote antiYuity writers in every country have e?erted a profound influence on the minds of
the people. The writings or political philosophers, like ousseau and oltaire, have even caused
revolutions and diverted the course of history. Such is the power of writers who e?press their ideas
and views with lucidity and cogency.
!ost writers who dwell upon the affairs of their countries are deeply conscious of their
responsibility towards their countries and compatriots. This consciousness not only impels them to
avoid issues which tend to divide the people but also to e?press their views on delicate issues in the
most temperate language. Their main aim is to promote goodwill among the people of the country,
and this they try to achieve in various ways.
{n a country dominated by people of the same race and language, writers can promote goodwill
among its people by clarifying political and economic issues which the people understand only
vaguely. {f the people are divided by ideological differences or by differences of economic status,
writers can e?ercise their influence to remove the resentment and pre)udices among the people.
Even those who write on social problems can emphasise the issues that tend to unite the people.
They can also suggest ways and means of removing the causes of resentment and frustration that
e?ist among the people. "s the written word is more effective than the spoken word, people tend to
accept the views of writers more readily than those e?pressed verbally by various people.
ùt it is in countries in which people of various races reside that writers can make the greatest
contribution to the promotion of goodwill among the people. {n a country like !alaya, for e?ample,
writers can concentrate on the issues that tend to unite the people. They should not be too critical of
the attitudes of one race to gratify the emotions of another race. {f they do so, they will incite racial
discord and even violence which may affect the whole country adversely. {f short speeches to a
small group of people can cause riots and racial conflicts in all parts of the country, writers can do
greater harm, for the written word circulates more e?tensively for a longer period.
This power of the written word, however, could be used by writers for the benefit of the whole
nation. `y giving prominence to the social aspects of life that affect the people as human beings
and as individuals of a particular race, writers can help in the development of a common outlook
among the people. They could also help in making the people realise the benefits in peace and
harmony. " study of the history of many countries reveals how the ways and habits of its people are
influenced by the pen of distinguished writers. Even the leaders of the country are often guided by
the opinions of noted writers.
{ndeed, in times of great discontent in a country, writers advise the people to e?ercise patience and
moderation in e?pressing their grievance. There are many e?amples of how writers in various
countries have been able to remove feelings of hatred among the people. The newspaper, for
e?ample, which is the product of the combined effort of many writers, is able to e?ert a restraining
influence on people who are easily provoked. This is the best e?ample of what writers could do to
promote goodwill among the people of a country.
*+% %,-!".
j. antiYuity knlm th1i ?4a
o. divert kvl m l.m 7:i h4Nng
p. lucidity knlm sZ r r.ng, minh bHch
q. cogency kvlm sZ vKng chDc, s^c thuy8t phbc
s. dwell upon kvlm chuyIn chR v.o
t. conscious kad)lm cO T th^c, bi8t r
u. compatriot knlm 7yng b.o
v. delicate kad)lm tinh vi, tinh t8, t8 nh%
w. dominate kvlm chi8m 4u th8, chi ph,i, th,ng tr%
jx. clarify kvlm l.m cho dS hicu
jj. vaguely kadvlm mM hy, ng1 ngf
jo. ideological kad)lm thu+c hE t4 t4-ng
jp. pre)udice knlm sZ th.nh ki8n, 7%nh ki8n, thiIn ki8n
jq. frustration knlm t<m trHng th/t vBng, v9 m+ng
js. verbally kadvlm bng l1i nOi
jt. adversely kadvlm b/t lfi
ju. circulate kvlm l4u truyJn, truyJn b2
jv. discontent knlm sZ b/t mWn, sZ b/t b]nh
jw. grievance knlm l1i ph.n n.n, l1i kIu ca, l1i than phiJn, nhi b/t b]nh
%hich language do you thin' has made the greatest contriution to the promotion of etter
understanding among the peoples of the &orld(
The human race is divided by a multiplicity of languages, many of which have come to play an
important part in the affairs of the world.
" little reflection reveals that the importance of a language is associated mainly with the ideas and
knowledge it contains. The more ideas a language can convey to the peoples of the world, the more
it will be used by people everywhere. Thus, the language that is used most e?tensively is the
language that makes the greatest contribution to human progress and mutual understanding between
peoples.
{t cannot be denied that today the most widely used language is the English language. There are
few countries in which this language is not understood or used. Even the countries which preached
hatred for everything English, including the English language, during their struggle for
independence from `ritish rule such as {ndia, found it difficult to dispense with this language after
they became independent. Therefore, they not only continued to use English in all spheres of public
activity but also began to encourage the use and study of the English language as means of
achieving national progress and unity. These efforts on the part of the various countries of the world
convey an idea of the importance of the English language.
{t would be instructive, however to consider the reason for the e?tensive use of the English
language. #ne of the reasons is that several countries in the world have been occupied mainly by
immigrants from England such as the nited States of "merica, "ustralia and Pew ealand. {t is
therefore not surprising that the people of such countries have continued to use the English
language, though they have severed their political conne?ions with their mother country and
acYuired independent status, for one cannot discard ones language easily. "nother reason is that, in
the course or history, a large number of countries throughout the world came directly under `ritish
rule, where English was made the main language for administrative, commercial and all other
purposes.
"s the leading colonial power in the world, England has indeed e?erted a profound influence on the
affairs of the world, though her colonial possessions are rapidly becoming independent one after the
other. *oncomitantly, the English language too has come to play a leading role in international
communication. Thus, many people whose native language is not English have studied English and
become more conversation with English than with their own languages. This is especially true with
the leaders of the people to whom English is a foreign language. "s a result, the English language is
used by them not only in the administration of their countries but also in all their institutions of
higher learning.
The most important reason for the preeminence of the English language, however, is that it is the
source of all knowledge. The {ndustrial evolution that began in England and spread to other
countries revealed the English genius for invention. Even the political and social institutions of
England, which were affected tremendously by the {ndustrial evolution, have evoked the
admiration of all countries. The knowledge, ideas, e?periences and profound thoughts of the
English people have made a deep impression on the minds of the people of other countries.
{nnumerable books have been written in the English language on all branches of study, and such is
the thirst of English scholars for knowledge and their desire to communicate it, that they have even
translated books of great value from other language to English for the benefit of all. $riters of
other nationalities too have written a great number of books in English and made a substantial
contribution to the enrichment of the English language. "s a result of all these efforts, the English
language has become the main avenue to the greatest storehouse or information. Therefore, people
everywhere have developed a special respect for the language and they continue to learn it with
avidity.
"s the English language is used so e?tensively it is mainly in this language that the peoples of the
world communicate with and understand one another. Po other language has such a wide appeal or
popularity. { am therefore of the opinion that it is the English language that has made the greatest
contribution to the promotion of the better understanding among the peoples of the world.
*+% %,-!".
j. multiplicity knlm v= s,
o. mutual kad)lm Yua lHi, ln nhau
p. preach kvlm chL tr4Mng, thuy8t gi2o
q. immigrant knl m ng41i nhUp c4
s. conne?ion knl m m,i Yuan hE
t. discard kvl m v^t b6, thCi hyi
u. administrative kad)l m kthu+cl h.nh chanh
v. commercial kad)l m kthu+cl th4Mng mHi
w. concomitantly kadvl m 7i 7=i vNi, 7yng th1i
jx. preeminence knl m s4u viEt hMn h;n
jj. evoke kvlm gfi lIn
jo. innumerable kad)l m v= s,
jp. substantial kad)l m lNn lao, 72ng kc, Yuan trBng
jq. avidity knl m sZ kh2t khao
js. appeal knl m sZ h/p dn
Lierty
Since his appearance on the earth, man has instinctively longed for liberty, an ideal which has
inspired revolts and revolutions throughout the long history of the human race.
The yearning for liberty or freedom is not restricted to man alone. Even animals, birds and all
living creatures love the freedom that God has given to them. Like men, these creatures will never
submit to captivity without resistance. Peither will they cease to make tenacious efforts to escape,
once they are captured.
{n the early days of their e?istence, men were free to pursue their own affairs, within the limits of
their own ability. They moved from place to place in small isolated groups and families, in search
of food, which consisted of edible plants. fruits and the flesh of animals. The pursuit of the means
of survival was their only occupation, and the things that restricted their freedom of movement, to
some e?tent, were their own fears of the unknown and natural barriers such as mountains, dense
forests, and rivers. These were no restraints imposed upon them by human institution and they
en)oyed their liberty.
Gradually, men learned to live in communities and various institutions were established, which
soon curtailed their liberty to a great e?tent. ules were made for the cohesions of each community
and obedience to those rules was secured by the threat of punishment. This element of compulsion
imposed upon the conduct of the individuals in the community restricted the liberty of the peopler
but the greater security that men en)oyed in community life provided the incentive to partial
sacrifices.
Soon, however, conflicts developed among the various communities. The stronger one conYuered
the weaker one and in the contest for power and domination, hundreds of people lost their liberty
completely. The enslavement and suppression of one group of people by another provided the
stimulus for numerous revolts and revolutions for liberty which have not ceased till this day. Even
in the same community. Sometimes, there were divisions. The rulers, who came to be known as
kings, with the development of the communities into countries, were at variance with their sub)ects.
To maintain their status and to assert their authority, kings developed their own theories of
kingship, and many of them ruled in the most despotic manner. Vefiance of the king's authority was
punished by death and imprisonment. $hat constituted defiance was decided arbitrarily by the king
or his ministers, and thousands or people were deprived of their liberty.
Eventually, however, despotism aroused the fury of political thinkers and writers in many countries.
" crusade then began against oppression and despotism, and the cry for liberty was heard
everywhere. evolutions eruptedr despotic rulers were overthrown, and new rulers were compelled
to rule with the consent of the people. The (rench evolution of the eighteenth century is the best
e?ample of the e?tremity to which people were prepared to go to retain or regain their liberty,
which is claimed to be the birthright of every man.
ùt liberty does not mean licence. {n other words, men's liberty of action should not be e?cessive.
The (rench evolution is, unfortunately, also the best e?ample of how men may lose their sense of
proportion and )ustice, in their attempts to assert their liberty. {n that revolution hundreds of
innocent men, women, and children lost their lives at the hands of those who took full advantage of
the anarchy that then prevailed in (rance, to assert their liberty of action. Such actions are indeed
licentious .
Thus, it may be argued that liberty will remain the battlecry of all the people, but those who have it
should not use it to hurt or offend others or to deprive others of their liberty.
*+% %,-!".
j. liberty knlm sZ tZ do, YuyJn tZ do
o. revolt knlm cu+c n:i dUy, cu+c kh-i ngha, cu+c n:i loHn
p. submit kvlm ch%u phbc t5ng, Yuy phbc, ng0ng phCn kh2ng
q. tenacious kad)lm kiIn tr], ngoan c41ng, ngoan c,
s. isolated kad)lm biEt lUp, c= 7Mn
t. restraint knlm sZ kiJm ch8, sZ gA bO, sZ r.ng bu+c
u. curtail kvlm t4Nc 7i, l/y 7i
v. cohesion knlm sZ danh liJn, sZ c, k8t
w. compulsion knlm sZ np bu+c, sZ c49ng b^c
jx. conYuer kvlm chinh phbc, ch8 ngZ
jj. enslavement knlm sZ n= d%ch ho2, t]nh trHng b% n= d%ch
jo. suppression knlm sZ 7.n 2p ho|c b% 7.n 2p
jp. stimulus knlm sZ kach thach, t2c nh<n kach thach
jq. status knlm 7ia v%, th<n phUn, th<n th8
js. despotic kad)lm chuyIn ch8, chuyIn YuyJn, bHo ng4fc
jt. defiance knlm sZ c=ng khai kh2ng cZ ho|c kh=ng tu<n theo
ju. constitute kvlm c/u th.nh, tHo th.nh
jv. arbitrarily kadvlm chuyIn YuyJn, 7+c 7o2n
jw. arouse kvlm 72nh th^c, khu<T 7+ng, gfi
ox. crusade knlm chi8n d%chr cu+c vUn 7+ng lNn
oj. claim kvlm kh;ng 7%nh, Yu2 Yuy8t
oo. e?cessive kad)lm Yu2 thc, Yu2 72ng
op. anarchy knlm t]nh trHng v= chanh phR, t]nh trHng hhn loHn
oq. prevail kvlm thDng th8, chi8m 4u th8, ph: bi8n khDp nMi
os. licentious kad)lm b0a bWi, phOng tRng
ot. oppress kvlm 2p b^c, 7.n 2p
!iscuss the role of the police force in society
The police force plays a vital role in the maintenance of law and order in society. {t is a source of
moral strength, confidence and happiness to all individuals who seek to live a good life in society.
The ideal of a police force has been conceived centuries ago, when lawyers acts were committed
everywherer but it was only in the nineteenth century that effectual steps were taken to build up a
strong police force in almost every country. Life, before the introduction of the police force, was
indeed insecure. iolent acts such as murder were committed with impunity by cruel and reckless
men. Even those who were weak and feared revenge by stronger men nevertheless found it safe
sometimes to commit lesser crimes such as theft and robbery. $ithout the restraining influence of a
powerful organi'ation such as the police force, the passions of men were aroused easily, and
lawlessness prevailed everywhere. {ndividuals grouped themselves together and terrori'ed whole
villages and towns, and there were wars between rival groups. This state of affairs caused great
sorrow and acute an?iety to whole communities and everyone lived in constant fear, uncertain even
about his immediate future.
The establishment of the police force, however, has changed the state of affairs in society. The
police force has enabled the law courts, which have e?isted since ancient times, in certain countries
even before the introduction of the police force, to function more efficiently. *riminals are
apprehended and punished, with the help of the police force, to deter others from committing acts
in)urious to innocent citi'ens. !ost people therefore have learned to control their criminal
tendencies. The alertness of the police force in the detection of crimes has not only discouraged
most people from breaking the laws of society but also compelled them to e?ercise restrain and
selfdiscipline. *onseYuently, society as a whole is more peaceful than what it was before the
establishment of the police force.
"s the aim of the police force is to promote the welfare of society, it is constantly engaged in
creating the conditions in which people can live and pursue their own affairs without interference
from thoughtless individuals. The rights of every member in society are protected by the courts
through the agency of the police force, which is therefore a source of inspiration and hope to all
lawabiding citi'ens. "ny interference with the rights of one citi'en by another is frowned upon by
the police force.
{n their efforts to promote the welfare of society the police force e?tends its activities even to the
remotest regions of the country. {f a man is lost in a dense forest or at sea by his own fault or
otherwise, members of the force do their utmost to find and bring him back to his family, however
unpleasant the effort may prove. Seldom do they give up their search if they are certain that the
man still survives. Vedicated to the service of society, they are prepared to work under any
conditions to protect a person, sometimes even at the risk of losing their own lives.
The knowledge of the activities in which the police force is engaged has increased the confidence
and moral strength of people in society. Even the cripple and invalid are given every protection.
Thus, people today can live in greater security and happiness than they could before. Society
therefore owes a great debt of gratitude to the police force.
*+% %,-!".
j. vital kad)lm s,ng cAn, Yuan trBng
o. seek kvlm m4u cFu, theo 7u:i
p. conceive kvlm h]nh th.nh j T ngh, trong 7Fu cO T t4-ng
q. commit kvlm phHm lhi
s. impunity knlm sZ kh=ng b% tr0ng phHt
s . rival kad) lm 7,i 7%ch, cHnh tranh
u. ancient kad)l m ?4a, c:
v. apprehend kvl m bDt, tOm, nDm, l/y
w. deter kvl m ng3n cCn, ng3n ch|n, l.m nCn lAng
jx. alertness knlm sZ tdnh t2o, sZ cCnh gi2c
jj. discourage kvl m l.m nCn lAng, l.m ch2n nCn
jo. compel kvl m bDt bu+c, thRc np
jp. conseYuently kadvl m do 7O, v] vUy, b-i vUy, cho nIn
jq. interference knl m sZ can thiEp, sZ ?en v.o
js. lawabiding m trung th.nh vNi ph2p luUt, tu<n theo luUt ph2p
jt. frown kvl m kh=ng bng lAng, phCn 7,i
ju. prove kvlm t6 ra, ch^ng t6, ch^ng minh
jv. dedicated kad)lm tUn tby, tUn t<m
jw. gratitude knlm lAng bi8t Mn, sZ nhN Mn
!iscuss the vie& that tolerance is essential for peace and harmony in any community or country
The progress of any community or country depends largely on the conduct of the people who reside
in it. Viscontent, )ealousies, pre)udices, and intolerance among a few of the people can cause great
damage to the whole community or country.
Gregarious by nature, men hate to live in isolation. The urge for association, therefore, enables men
to tolerate the views and habits of others, to great e?tent. !ost men have come to realise that the
cohesion of society cannot be secured without the e?ercise of tolerance on the part of its members.
" community or country is composed of various types of people, whose psychological social an
temperamental attitudes and needs are not the same. {n a great number of cases, there are
fundamental differences even in race, language and religion among the people. This is the result of
the economic and social necessities of the modern age, which have compelled people to leave their
original homes and live among people of foreign descent. These diversities in a community or
country necessitate the maintenance of a tolerant attitude on the part of the people towards one
another. They have to respect the cultural and social habits and beliefs of one another and refrain
themselves from doing, or saying things which might offend the susceptibilities of some people.
The racial and religious clashes that have occurred in various parts of the world indicate the
damage that the e?pression of hatred and pre)udice can cause in a country. Even differences in the
colour of the skin can cause trouble and violence in a community, and when passions are aroused,
men lose their reason and sense of proportion and indulge in the most barbaric acts. {nnocent lives
become the victims of insensate cruelty.
That tolerance is essential for peace and harmony in a country could be illustrated by reference to
the people in !alaysia, a country in which people of various races reside. Vespite cultural, racial
and religious differences among themselves, the people here have lived for generations in peace
and harmony. They have also helped one another in various ways at various times. {t must be
admitted, however, there have been a few incidents from time to time caused by communal
differences in certain localities, yet they can hardly be attributed to the general uprising of the races
against one another. {n fact, the goodwill that prevails among the different races of people here has
contributed to the development of a new nation, which has become the envy of many countries. The
racial unity among the people is the main factor that has contributed to the progress of the country
in all spheres of activity.
"nother country that deserves mention is the nited States of "merica. The people of this country
too are made up of a diversity of races and cultures. et, by tolerance, cooperation and goodwill
among the people as a whole, it has become the richest country in the world. "ll this proves what
could be achieved by the people of a community or country who e?ercise tolerance among
themselves.
*+% %,-!".
j. tolerance knlm sZ khoan dung, lAng khoan dung, sZ tha th^
o. conduct knlm hHnh kicm, t4 c2ch 7Ho 7^c
p. reside kvlm cO nh. cLa m]nh - m+t nMi nh/t 7%nh, c4 trR
q. pre)udice knlm 7%nh ki8n, th.nh ki8n
s. gregarious kad)lm s,ng th.nh tUp thc
t. psychological kad)lm thu+c t<m lT
u. temperamental kad)lm th/t th41ng, hay thay 7:i kh=ng b]nh tnh
v. diversity knlm tanh 7a dHng
w. necessitate kvlm 76i h6i cFn phCi cO
jx. refrain kvlm kiJm ch8 l.m viEc g], c, nh%n, c, nan
jj. susceptibility knlm tanh nhHy cCm, dS ?Rc cCm, tZ 2i
jo. clash knlm sZ ?ung 7+t, sZ va chHm
jp. hatred knlm lAng c3m th5, c3m h1n, c3m ghnt
jq. proportion knlm sZ c<n ?^ng, sZ c<n 7,i
js. indulge kvlm ham mI, theo 7u:i
js. barbaric kad)lm dW man, man rf
ju. insensate kadilm kh=ng cCm ?Rc, nhn t<m, 7iIn ry
jv. despite kpreplm b/t ch/p, m|c d5
jw. communal kad)l kthu+cl c2c nhOm chLng t+c v. t=n gi2o 7,i lUp - j v5ng
ox. attribute kvl m cho l. do, Yuy cho
oj. uprising knl cu+c n:i dUy, cu+c kh-i ngha
oo. contribute knl m 7Ong gOp, gOp phFn
op. envy knl m sZ th_m mu,n, sZ ghen t%, sZ 7, k[
oq. sphere knl m lnh vZc, phHm vi Cnh h4-ng
!iscuss the advantages and disadvantages of having too many university graduates in your country
niversity education confers many benefits on the individual. {t develops his intellect and broadens
his outlook on life, and enables him to discriminate between the good and the bad. Thus, in the
past, only those who sought to acYuire these benefits proceeded to the various universities in the
world. Today, however, men are usually driven to the universities by economic necessity. (ew of
them seek the true benefits of education, for the growing competition for positions in the various
professions has made it difficult to secure proper employment without some university degrees. "s
a conseYuence, there are a large number of university graduates today in almost every country.
The advantages of having too many university graduates in a country, however, are many. {n my
country, for e?ample, the presence of a large number of graduates would enable the government of
my country lo find sufficient men to assume responsible positions in the various administrative
departments. {t would also raise the status of the country in the eyes of the world, as one with a
high literacy rate. The efficiency of the administrative organs of the state would also be increased,
and in time of national crises, the government could draw on the intellectual resources of the
people. Even the younger generation of men would benefit from the contacts with university
graduates. They would draw inspiration from the work of the graduates and themselves develop,
consciously or unconsciously, some of the mental abilities of the graduates. {n other words, the
presence of a large number of university graduates would create an atmosphere conducive to the
mental development of the younger people in the country.
The various private firms and industries too would benefit from the presence of large number of
university graduates in my country. {t would facilitate the selection of suitable men for positions of
responsibility in the firms and industries. This would contribute substantially to the progress and
productivity of the business concerns.
There would, however, also be certain disadvantages in having too many university graduates in my
country. The worst of them would be that people without university Yualifications would find
themselves in a precarious position. Good positions in the various professions would be closed to
them. Thus, they would have to be content with humble positions and meagre incomes, $ithout
any prospects of promotion in their respective places of work. èsides, the general drop in salary
scales owing to the competition among graduates for position, would further add to the misery of
those without university training, for employers would always look for university graduates, even
for low positions.
"nother disadvantage would be that those without university degrees would be regarded as
ignorant and of no conseYuence. They would receive little respect, unless they were wealthy.
Though the university graduates may not deliberately adopt such an attitude towards them, yet they
would always remain sensitive to any remarks upon their abilities. Such a situation would produce
a group of disgruntle men, and there would be much unemployment among those without
university education, thus giving rise to many problems in the country.
*+% %,-!".
j. confer kvlm trao ho|c t|ng
o. intellect knlm khC n3ng hicu bi8t, tra tuE, tra n3ng
p. discriminate kvlm ph<n biEt
q. conseYuence knlm hUu YuC, k8t YuC
s. sufficient kad)l m 7L
t. assume kvl m nDm l/y, chi8m l/y
u. literacy knl m sZ bi8t vi8t, bi8t 7Bc
v. efficiency kad)lm hiEu YuC, n3ng lZc, khC n3ng
w. conducive kad)lm cO ach, cO lfi
jx. facilitate kvl m l.m cho dS d.ng, l.m cho thuUn tiEn
jj. substantially kadvlm vJ thZc ch/t, c3n bCn
jo. precarious kad)l m tHm th1i, nh/t th1i, kh=ng :n 7%nh
jp. humble kad)l m th/p knm, h_n mBn
jq. meagre kad)l m ngh_o n.n, ?o.ng, 7Hm bHc
js. scale knl m Yuy m=, phHm vi
jt. owing to kpreplm do v], b-i v]
ju. deliberately kadvlm m+t c2ch tanh to2n, cO chL t<m
jv. adopt kvlm ch/p nhUn, th=ng Yua
jw. disgruntled kad)lm bZc t^c
%ar and peace
Since the time men learned to live in communities, in the remote past, wars have been fought at
regular intervals in various parts of the world. {n fact, the history of the human race is mainly a
record of the battles and wars fought in the past between communities and nations.
$ars are caused mainly by human greed and ambition. {n the early days of men's e?istence, many
communities lived a very hard life, owing perhaps to the lack of geographical advantages or
intellectual ability. "s a result, the prosperity of other communities aroused their greed and envy,
and wars between communities became inevitable. #ne side fought to conYuer the prosperous
communities in order to gain control of the means of prosperity, and the other side fought to defend
its independence and way of life. $ith the passage of time, the communities developed into
nations, and wars were fought on a bigger scaler but the basic causes of war remained the same. {t
was only occasionally that battles were fought with other aims such as the capture of a woman to
satisfy the se?ual of a conYueror or ruler.
However, success in wars stirred the ambition of many nations. $ars were then fought for
domination and e?tension of power. Several small nations soon came under the dominion of a
powerful country, which then developed into an Empire. The oman Empire, for e?ample, was
created mainly by conYuest. Even the personal ambitions of some individuals have been the cause
of wars at times. The ambitions of Papoleon and Hitler for world conYuest caused many battles, in
which millions of people, young and old, gave their lives.
The devastation caused by wars, however, has always aroused the conscience of several nations,
and attempts have been made by such nations to prevent wars in the future. Their leaders have met
at various times, in the course of history, to discuss peace and to find a way of removing the causes
of war. {t is this urge that led to the creation of the nited Pations, after the failure of the League of
Pations, which today is doing its utmost to maintain peace between nations.
ùt the desire peace has instead led to further wars, for peace often demands the destruction of the
ambitions of those who begin wars. The wars begun by Papoleon and Hitler could be ended only
by fighting further wars to destroy these men, who have been responsible for the greatest sufferings
in the history of the world. Human ambition, however, is indifferent to the lessons of history. {n
times of wars, men seek peacer but when there is peace, there are attempts to begin wars. #nce a
war is begun, however, those responsible for it are crushed in the end. et ambitious countries and
individuals are still trying to e?tend their power. but they are being opposed by those who love
peace. Thus, wars will continue to e?ist, while at the same time attempts will be made to attain
peace in the world.
*+% %,-!".
j. at regular intervals knlm 7Ju 7|n
o. greed knlm tanh tham lam
p. prosperity knlm sZ th%nh v4fng
q . conYuer kvlm chinh phbc, ?<m chi8m
s. defend kvlm bCo vE
t. lust knlm sZ th_m kh2t, lAng tham
u. stir kvlm kach thach, khach 7+ng, ?Ri gibc
v. domination knlm sZ th,ng tr%
w. dominion knlm YuyJn th,ng tr%, YuyJn chi ph,i
jx. devastation knlm sZ t.n ph2, sZ ph2 hLy
jj. conscience knlm l4Mng t<m
jo . failure knlm sZ th/t bHi, c, gDng kh=ng th.nh c=ng
jp. League of Pations knlm H+i }u,c LiIn
jq. destruction knlm sZ ph2 hLy, sZ tiIu diEt
jS. crush kvlm tiIu diEt 7%ch, d>p tan, l.m tiIu tan
jt. oppose kvlm ch,ng 7,i, phCn 7,i
ju. attain kvlm 7Ht 74fc, gi.nh 74fc
/ourage
*ourage, like all human Yualities, is an abstract thingr but it is this Yuality in man that has enabled
him to advance against all natural obstacles through the centuries.
Endowed with intelligence and manual skills man's courage, even in the early days of his e?istence,
enabled him to accept the challenges of nature. He not only lived in the midst of wild animals but
also began to domesticate many of them for his own advantage. Soon, even the most ferocious and
largest of animals learnt to respect his courage. They began to avoid him as far as they could.
{ndeed, without courage man would never be able to advance from the primitive stage. He would
never try to reach the skies or e?plore the depths of the oceansr but impelled by courage, he left his
immediate confines to defy nature, and soon made the world more hospitable and secure for
himself. {t is this irrespressible energy of man, aided by his courage, that has contributed to the
comfort and happiness that people everywhere en)oy today.
*ourage is therefore indispensable to almost all human activities. !en need courage to face their
enemies and the uncertainties of life. They need courage to operate machinery, to fly aeroplanes, to
construct tall buildings. {n fact, they need courage to meet all the dangers that constantly threaten
them in all their pursuits. Even to accept the responsibilities of a family reYuires e?treme courage.
Human courage and valour have been displayed most strikingly in all the battles that have been
fought in the history of mankind. !en have fought against men with deadly weapons to protect
themselves their countries, families and home. (or the protection and comfort of their families, men
have also faced other dangers. They have defied dangerous currents in rivers to bring food for their
families by boats and rafts. They have also defied storm and battled the waves of the oceans to
e?tract food from them.
*ourage, however, does not assert itself always. The instinct of self preservation usually impels
men to seek safety in fight or concealment whenever there is a threat to personal security. {t is in
moments of desperation that courage asserts itself and enables one to meet all threatsr and it is in
such moments that men also discover their own physical strength, and other advantages of
resistance. (or instance, a man who is attacked by an animal will fiercely in an effort to avert
tragedy to himself, and in the process discover his own strength and the advantages of using certain
weapons to overpower his adversary.
(eelings of loyalty and devotion too have often aroused the courage of amen. " person who is
devoted to his family fights tooth and nail to protect his family from destruction or e?tinction,
whatever the conseYuences to himself. Similarly, a loyal servant may give his life for the protection
of his master.
Thus, courage is the most important Yuality in man. He needs it for his own advancement and to
meet all the challenges of his e?istence.
*+% %,-!".
j. obstacle knlm sZ cCn tr-, tr- ngHi, ch4Nng ngHi vUt
o. endow kvlm phR cho, ban cho
p. manual kad)lm thL c=ng
q. challenge knlm sZ th2ch th^c
s. ferociouskad)lm dK tfn, hung 2c, dW man, t.n bHo
t. hospitable kad)lm m8n kh2ch, hi8u kh2ch
u. irrepressible kad)lm kh=ng thc k]m nnn 74fc
v. indispensable kad)lm tuyEt 7,i kh=ng thc thi8u 74fc
w. strikingly kadvlm n:i bUt, 72ng chR T
jx. assert oneself kvlm kh;ng 7%nh, YuC Yuy8t
jj. selfpreservation knlm sZ thRc b2ch tZ nhiIn 7c sinh tyn
jo. desperation knlm sZ tuyEt vBng
jp. fiercely kadvlm dK d+i, mWnh liEt
jq. overpower kvlm 2p 7Co, ch8 ngZ, khu/t phbc
js. adversary knlm kz 7%ch, kz th5, 7,i ph4Mng
jt. devotion knlm sZ tUn tby, sZ th.nh t<m, sZ hi8n d<ng
!o you thin' that literary education is preferale to scientific education today(
" literary education has always been regarded as indispensable to the development of character and
a broad outlook on life. $hether such an education is preferable to a scientific education is,
however, a moot Yuestion.
èfore the advent of the Scientific "ge most scholars pursued a literary education which conferred
many benefits on them. {t not only gave them an insight into the affairs of the world but also
eYuipped them with a vocabulary that enabled them to e?press their views and feelings with
cogency and facility. èsides, it developed their mental ability and intellectual powers, and many of
the achieved distinction in public life as forcible speakers and writers or even as lawyers and
political thinkers. Having discovered the benefits of such an education, ambitious men in all
countries proceeded to the universities or other institutions of learning to acYuire the advantages of
a literary education, and this tendency is discernible even today, though a scientific education is
being considered more advantageous to the needs of the present day.
The inventions of the modern age have indeed revolutionised society. Pumerous goods are being
produced, with rapidity unknown before in various parts of the earth with the aid of science and
scientists of all countries are continuing to e?ert their brains to e?tend the realms of science. Every
invention has helped to increase the leisure and convenience of men everywhere, and the demand
for goods is increasing everyday. "s a conseYuence, more and more machines are being invented to
increase the production of goods within the shortest time possible.
Every mechanical invention, however, has to be operated by skilled men. The larger the machine
the more complicated its operation, and any mechanical faults in it can be detected only by men
with a scientific education, who are but few in number compared with those with a literary
education. {t is this scarcity of men with a scientific education that has led to the assumption that a
scientific education today is preferable to a literary education. The large factories reYuire men to
operate machinery, dealers in motorvehicles reYuire men for all types of work in the industry, and
there are a diversity of other industries which are looking for men with a scientific education. The
demand for men with a scientific education is, therefore, great, and this serves as an incentive to
young men to acYuire industrial and technical skills, for the possession of such skills will not only
enable them to secure remunerative occupations but also enable them to manage their own factories
or workshops in the future to increase their earnings.
"ll this, however, does not imply that the man with a literary education is losing his importance
rapidly. {n truth, he is an indispensable person even today in various departments of human activity.
He provides the managerial skill in an industry, contributes his literary abilities to the promotion of
literacy in the country, provides ministerial and )udicial services in the state, and performs a host of
other functions.
Thus, it is not possible to say with finality that a certain type of education is preferable to another. {t
is for the individual to make the best of the type of education that he has received.
*+% %,-!".
j. indispensable kad)lm r/t cFn, kh=ng thc thi8u
o. moot kad)lm cO thc b.n juUn
p. eYuip kvlm trang b%
q. cogency knlm sZ vKng chDc, s^c thuy8t phbc
s. distinction knl sZ 4u tR, sZ ?u/t chRng, sZ lhi lHc
t. forcible kad)lm sinh 7+ng, cO s^c thuy8t phbc
u. discernible kad)lm cO thc nhUn th^c 74fc, cO thc th/y r
v. e?ert kvlm 74a v.o s@ dbng, 2p dbng
w. realm knlm lnh vZc
jx. complicated kad)lm ph^c tHp, rDc r,i
jj. scarcity knlm sZ khan hi8m, sZ khO t]m
jo. diversity knlm sZ 7a dHng
jp. incentive knlm sZ khuy8n khachr sZ khach lE, 7+ng viIn
jq. remunerative kad)lm 74fc trC hUu, cO lfi
js. imply kvlm h.m T, ngb T
jt. ministerial kad)lm thu+c b+ tr4-ng
ju. )udicial kad)lm thu+c ho|c b-i m+t to. 2n

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Life in the city

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