Dung Coi Thuong Phien Nao - T.S. U Tejaniya - Org

NAMO TASSA BHAGAVATO
ARAHATO
SAMMA SAMBUDDHASSA

Con xin em ht lng thnh knh nh l
c Th Tn, bc ng Cng cao thng,
ng Chnh ng Chnh Gic
2 NG COI THNG PHIN NO !

MC LC

Trang
Li cm t ................................................................ 3

Phin no l g? ........................................................ 4

c gi thn mn .................................................... 7

Thin chnh nim ..................................................... 9

Cc bui trnh Php .................................................. 31

Ly chnh nim.32

Tr tu....39

Cng c v suy ngm. 44

Tip tc thc hnh.. 76

Th no l thi ng khi hnh thin.. .78

Bn ting Anh chnh thc, c hnh minh ha, c pht hnh vo cui nm
2006. Bn dch ny c in n p ng nhu cu trc mt ca cc thin sinh.
Cun sch ny l mt mn qu Php Bo v khng c bn di bt k
hnh thc no. Bn c th pht cun sch ny dng ring hay tng cho
bn b. Mi hnh thc in n ton b hay mt phn cun sch ny pht hnh
u khng c php. Phn pht di dng vi tnh hoc qua Internet, ton b
hay mt phn cun sch ny, cng khng c php.

Copyright Ashin Tejaniya 2006

LI CM T

m lng tri n su sc ca ti xin c knh dng
ln c i Trng lo Thin s Shwe Oo Min Sayadaw
Bhaddanta Kosalla Maha Thera, ngi truyn dy
Gio Php v thi chn chnh trong con ng pht
trin tm linh v php hnh ca ti.

Ti mun by t s cm n i vi tt c cc thin
sinh. Nhng kh khn, vng mc v nhng cu hi ca
h a n nhng cu tr li v nhng im din
ging c trnh by trong cun sch ny. Ti thc s hy
vng rng cun sch ny s gip cc thin sinh hiu r
hn v thin chnh nim v gip cho php hnh ca h
thm phn su sc.

Cui cng, xin cm n tt c nhng ngi ng
gp cng sc hon thnh nn cun sch ny.

Ashin Tejaniya
Myanmar

PHIN NO L G?

hin no khng ch l s th hin ca tham, sn,
si dng th, m cn l bn b v h hng thn thch,
thm ch l h hng rt xa ca chng na !! Hy xem bn
bao gi c mt trong nhng ngh sau y - hay
nhng iu tng t nh vy - thong qua trong tm
cha:

L ra khng nn bt n vo gi ny trong ngy nh
vy!.
Thi ca anh ta tht l kh chu!.
L ra anh ta khng nn lm nh th.
Ti c th lm nhanh hn th nhiu.
Mnh ng l mt thin sinh km ci; khng th tr
tm c trn mc phng-xp, d ch l trong 1
pht.
Ngy hm qua ti hnh thin rt tt; th m hm
nay mi th c ri tinh c ln.
i ch, thi thin ny tuyt vi qu; by gi mnh
phi tht chnh nim ng mt i cm gic ny.
Mnh phi ln thin ng hnh thin; nu khng s
c k ngh mnh l li bing.
Hm nay mnh cn phi n thm mt t khoai ty
na, th s tt cho sc kho.
i tri, sao li c c hnh trong sa-lt th ny.
Li khng c chui na ri!.
Hn ta tht l ch k, tht thiu t nh.

Ti sao iu ny li xy ra vi mnh c ch?.
Ai chu trch nhim chi ra toa lt th nh?.
Ti sao thin sinh ny li i kinh hnh y?.
Bn h khng nn lm n nh th!.
y c qu nhiu ngi; ti khng th hnh thin
c.
C k chim mt ch ca mnh ri!.
C y xinh qu!.
Dng i ca anh y p qu.

Tt c nhng ngh y u b thc y bi phin no!
ng nh gi thp chng!

Bn bao gi ni vi mt ngi no l bn khng
tc gin, mc d r rng l bn khng thch vic lm ca
anh ta? bao gi bn ni xu xp ca mnh, ni xu
mt ngi trong gia nh hay thm ch mt ngi bn tt
cha? Bn c thnh thong k chuyn tiu lm by
khng? Bn c thi quen n ni ngt nht nh v
ngi khc lm ci g cho mnh khng? Bn c t
ng cao ging ln khi c ngi khng ng vi quan
im ca mnh khng?

Tt c nhng li ni u b thc y bi phin no!
Hy nhn r n!

Bn bao gi g tht mnh vo ca nh ngi khc
cha, hay nht nh khng bc vo phng, n gin ch
v c k m bn khng a ang ngi trong ? bao
gi bn chen ngang khi ngi ta ang xp hng, dng
du gi u ca ai qun trong phng tm, s dng
in thoi c quan vo vic ring hay c nhng hnh

ng tng t nh vy bao gi cha? Bn tng lm
nhng vic thiu suy ngh nh vy bao gi cha?

Tt c nhng hnh ng y u b thc y bi phin
no! Hy thc r v chng!


C GI THN MN

un sch ny khng phi l trnh by mt
phng php thin hon chnh v c h thng no c.
n gin chng ti ch mun chia s vi cc bn nhng
im thc tin ca phng php thin tp ny m thi.
Nhng iu t vn di y c da trn kinh nghim
hnh thin v dy thin ca Thin s Ashin Tejaniya.
Chng ti hy vng n s c li ch cho s thc hnh ca
bn. Tuy nhin, con ngi vn chng ging nhau, do
m cng c rt nhiu cch thc khc nhau tu tp chnh
nim. Chng ti nhn thy phng php ny c hiu qu
nht i vi mnh, do cng mun khuyn khch cc
bn hy thc hnh th xem sao. Ni dung cun sch ny
l trnh by nhng cch hiu v din dch ca chng
ti v phng php ny. D nhin, cn nhiu cu hi hoc
nhng kh khn, vng mc khc m chng ti cha th
hin ht trong cun sch ny - bn cn nu nhng vn
ln trong nhng bui trnh Php vi thin s.

Khi c cun sch ny, xin bn ng chp cht vo
nhng cch gii ngha ghi trong t in. Chng hn,
lm r ngha, chng ti phi s dng thay i nhng t
nh quan st, theo di, chnh nim, ch , hay
bit. Chnh nim v hay bit mang cng mt ngha
nh nhau. Hiu bit, chng ng, tu gic, tr tu
c dng din t cng mt iu tng t, t kinh
nghim thng c s dng vi ngha i tng,
mc. Cm gic ch cc cm th thuc thn, cm
xc, tnh cm ch cc cm th thuc tm. Chng ti

cng trnh by nhng im chnh ca phng php ny t
nhiu gc v trong cc ng cnh khc nhau. Kinh
nghim cho thy s lp li nh th l rt c ch, nht l
i vi nhng ngi mi bt u thc hnh thin chnh
nim.

Chng ti c gng chuyn dch v din t mt
cch chnh xc nhng t tng v li dy ca Thin s
Ashin Tejaniya. Tuy nhin, cng kh trnh khi mt s
thiu st nht nh v chc chn mt s chi tit s b mt
mt, tht lc trong qu trnh bin dch.

Ngi ghi chp, dch gi v ban bin tp.

THIN CHNH NIM
(T NIM X- SATIPATTHANA)

i thin vin ny, chng ta thc hnh thin
chnh nim (hay thin T Nim X-Satipatthna). Tuy
nhin, trc khi bt tay vo thc hnh, chng ta cn hiu
cch thc thc hnh ra sao. Chng ta cn phi c nhng
thng tin v quan kin ng n v thc cht ca php
hnh, nh vy s c c thi ng n khi hnh
thin.

Chng ta thc hnh trn Bn Nim X (thn, th, tm,
php). Khi php hnh tin b, chng ta s ch trng hn
v phn nim tm, bi v hnh thin vn l mt cng vic
ca tm.

Nhng li ch dn sau y l bn bt u thc
hnh. Nhng bui trnh php sau ny s hng dn cc
bn i su hn vo php hnh. Xin cc bn c i c li
nhng ch dn ny mt cch chm ri v cn thn.

CNG VIC CA TM

Hnh thin l mt cng vic ca tm, vic hay bit.
N khng phi l vic lm ca thn. N khng phi l
vic bn phi lm i vi thn, nh cch ngi, cch i
ng hay c ng. Hnh thin l kinh nghim v thn v
tm ca mnh mt cch trc tip, trong tng st na, tng
giy pht, vi mt s hiu bit ng n.


Chng hn, by gi bn hy chp hai tay li v ch
vo , bn s cm nhn v hay bit c cc cm gic
xc chm - chnh l tm ang lm vic. Bn c th
hay bit c cm gic khi tm mi ngh ngi chuyn
khc khng? Chc chn l khng th. Bn phi ch th
mi hay bit c. Khi ch vo c th mnh, bn s
nhn bit c rt nhiu cm gic. Bn c th cm nhn
c nhng tnh cht khc bit ca cc cm gic ny
khng? Bn c cn phi nim thm (nh danh, gi tn
cm gic) th mi ko c s ch v hay bit tr li
vi chng khng? Chc chn khng cn phi lm th.
Thc ra, chnh nim thm li gy tr ngi cho bn trong
vic quan st cc chi tit. Ch cn n gin hay bit l !
Tuy nhin, chnh nim mi ch l mt phn ca thin m
thi.

Ngoi nhng iu , bn cn phi c thng tin ng
n v s hiu bit r rng v php hnh thc hnh
chnh nim mt cch thng minh, khn kho. By gi,
bn ang c cun sch ny l c hiu bit v php
hnh thin chnh nim. Khi bn hnh thin, nhng thng
tin s tip tc vn hnh ng sau hu trng, su
bn trong tm bn. c sch, m lun Php, t duy, suy
ngm v phng php thc hnh; tt c u l cng vic
ca tm; tt c u l mt phn ca qu trnh thin tp.

Thc hnh lin tc l iu ti cn thit i vi php
hnh, l iu ti cn thit cho tm thin hot ng.
Bn phi lun t nhc nh mnh gi chnh nim trong
mi lc. Lun quan st bn thn mnh mi ni, mi lc:
khi ngi, khi i, khi lau chi dn dp, khi ni chuyn, hay
trong bt c cng vic g bn lm quan st, hay bit v

chnh nim v bt c nhng g ang din ra.

TH GIN

Thc hin cng vic ca tm, bn phi th gin, thoi
mi v khng b cng thng, khng t cng p mnh.
Cng th gin, thoi mi th bn s cng d pht trin
chnh nim. Chng ti khng bo bn phi ch tm
(focus: ch tm su vo mc-ND), tp trung hay
xuyn thu, bi v tt c nhng vic u c ngha l
phi dng qu nhiu sc. Thay vo , chng ti khuyn
khch bn quan st, theo di , hay bit hay l ch
.

Nu bn cng thng hay pht hin ra l mnh ang b
cng thng th hy th gin, th lng ra. Khng cn thit
phi c gng mt cch gng p nh th. Ngay by gi,
bn c hay bit c t th, oai nghi (i, ng, ngi,
nm) ca c th mnh khng? Bn c hay bit c hai
bn tay ang cm cun sch ny khng? Bn c cm
nhn c bn chn ca mnh ra sao khng? Hy xem,
bn ch cn s dng rt t nng lng hay ch cn mt
cht c gng khng ng k hay bit c tt c
nhng iu ny. l tt c nng lng bn cn b ra
gi chnh nim, song nn nh l bn phi gi c nh
vy trong sut c ngy. Nu dng qu nhiu sc, bn s
b mt mi. thc hnh c lin tc, bn ch cn lun
t nhc nh mnh gi chnh nim l . Chnh s n lc
ng n ny (Chnh Tinh tn) s gip bn hnh thin
mt cch th gin, thoi mi, khng b cng thng. Khi
tm qu cng thng hay mt mi, bn s khng th hc
hi c iu g c. Mt khi thn v tm bn mt mi th

nht nh l cch thc hnh ca bn c iu g khng
n. Hy kim tra li t th ca mnh; kim tra li cch
thc hnh ca mnh. Bn c thy tho mi v tnh to
khng? Cng cn phi kim tra li c thi hnh thin
ca mnh na; ng hnh thin vi mt tm mong cu,
trng ngng iu g hoc mun mt iu g phi xy
ra. Lm nh vy bn s ch t gy thm mt mi cho
chnh mnh m thi.

Do , bn phi lun bit c mnh ang b cng
thng hay ang th gin, thoi mi. Hy kim tra li iu
ny nhiu ln trong ngy. Nu bn cm thy cng thng
th hy quan st s cng thng ; nu khng th cng
thng s ngy cng tng (xem on cui ca phn Sinh
hot hng ngy). Khi th gin, thoi mi, bn s hnh
thin d dng hn nhiu.

THI NG N
(Yoniso mansikra-Nh l tc )

Th gin v chnh nim l nhng im ct yu, song
c thi hnh thin ng n v bit t tm mnh trong
mt khun kh thch hp cng l iu rt quan trng.
Thi ng n ngha l g? Thi ng n l mt
cch nhn nhn s vic, sao cho bn lun cm thy bng
lng, tri tc-bit , tho mi v d chu vi bt c iu
g bn ang tri nghim. Nhng quan kin sai tri (t
kin), nhng thng tin lch lc hay s dt nt, thiu hiu
bit v nhng phin no ang c trong mnh s c nh
hng xu n thi ca bn.

Tt c chng ta u c nhng thi sai lm; bi

chng ta khng th khng c chng. V vy, ng c
c c thi ng n ngay lp tc, m thay vo
bn hy c gng nhn nhn r xem: mnh ang c thi
ng n hay sai lm. Bit mnh ang c thi ng
n l iu quan trng, song nhn r v thm ngim, xem
xt nhng thi sai lm ca mnh cn quan trng hn.
Hy c gng hiu r hn v nhng thi sai lm ca
mnh; pht hin xem chng nh hng n s thc hnh
ca mnh nh th no, chng khin mnh cm nhn ra
sao. Do vy, bn hy lun quan st bn thn mnh, lun
nhn li v kim tra xem mnh ang thc hnh vi thi
nh th no.

C thi ng s gip bn chp nhn, hay bit v
quan st bt c iu g ang din ra, mt cch th gin v
tnh thc - d n l d chu hay kh chu. Bn phi chp
nhn v quan st c kinh nghim tt ln kinh nghim xu.
Mi i tng, mi kinh nghim d tt hay xu, u em
li cho bn c hi hc hi, bit tm mnh c chp nhn
c mi vic nh chng ang l hay khng, hay l n
vn quanh qun, vng vn vi thch hoc khng thch,
vn cn tip tc phn ng hay nh gi, phn xt.

Thch mt iu g c ngha l bn ang khao kht,
mong cu iu (tham); khng thch ngha l bn ang
mun chi b n (sn). Tham v sn l nhng phin no
bt ngun t si m, v minh - v minh cng l mt loi
phin no. V vy, ng c to ra mt iu g c; bi c
to ra iu g l tham. ng chi b nhng g ang din
ra; bi chi b iu ang din ra l sn. Khng bit iu
g ang din ra hay chm dt khng cn din ra
na, l si.


Bn ng c gng bt buc mi th phi xy n nh
mnh mong mun, m hy c gng hay bit nhng g
ang din ra nh n ang l. Ngh rng mi th nht nh
phi nh th ny th kia, mong mun iu ny iu n
phi xy ra hoc khng c xy ra, l chnh mong
cu, mong i. Mong cu s to ra lo lng, bt an v c
th dn n sn. iu quan trng l bn phi thc c
thi ca mnh nh th no!

nh gi, phn xt v php hnh ca mnh ri tr nn
bt mn, khng hi lng vi cch thc hnh ca mnh,
chnh l thi sai lm. S bt mn sanh khi khi bn
cho rng mi th khng din ra nh mnh ngh; hoc
do bn mong mun n phi khc i ch khng phi nh
th ny, hoc do bt ngun t s ngu dt, thiu hiu bit
v mt php hnh chn chnh. Nhng thi ny s ng
cht tm bn v cn tr php hnh ca bn. Hy c gng
nhn r s bt mn ny, chp nhn n mt cch hon
ton v quan st n mt cch tht tnh to. Trong qu
trnh quan st v khm ph, nhng nguyn nhn ca n
s dn dn bc l r rng. Hiu c nguyn nhn s lm
tan bin s bt mn v gip bn nhn din r rng mi
khi chng quay tr li. Bn s ngy cng thy r hn
nhng tc hi s bt mn gy ra cho thn, tm mnh. Bn
s chnh nim hn v nhng thi nh gi, phn xt
ca mnh v s dn dn t b chng. Bng cch ny, bn
s pht trin c nhng k nng cn thit ng ph
vi phin no.

Thi sai lm bt ngun t v minh. Chng c mt
trong tm ca tt c chng ta. Tt c thi sai lm u
l nhng phin no tham v sn, hoc l b con, h hng

ca chng nh l: mng vui, sung sng hay lo lng,
bun kh. Khng chp nhn phin no th ch lm cho
chng gia tng thm sc mnh m thi. Cc loi phin
no s cn tr s tin b ca bn v khng cho bn sng
cuc i mnh mt cch hon ton. Chng cng gy tr
ngi cho bn trn con ng i tm gii thot v s bnh
an ch thc. ng coi thng phin no, chng s ci
vo mi bn y!

Hy nhn cho r nhng loi phin no ang c trong
mnh. C gng hay bit nhng phin no ang sanh khi
trong tm. Hy quan st v c gng thu hiu chng.
ng dnh mc vo chng, ng chi b hay lm ng, b
qua v cng ng t ng ho mnh vi chng (nhn
chng l mnh). Khi bn khng cn dnh mc hoc t
ng ho vi chng, th chng s dn dn mt sc mnh.
Bn phi lun kim tra li xem mnh ang hnh thin vi
thi nh th no.

Lun ghi nh rng, thin chnh nim l mt qu trnh
hc hi thy r mi lin h gia thn v tm ca mnh.
Hy tht t nhin v n gin; bn khng cn phi lm
mi vic tht chm chp mt cch gng p, thiu t
nhin. Bn ch n gin nhn mi vic nh chng ang
l.

Bn khng cn phi gng sc, gng ngi ln ch
tm. Kh nng ch tm s pht trin mt cch t nhin
nh s thc hnh u n, kin tr. Mc ch ca chng
ta l c chnh nim ngy cng min mt, ngy cng
thng xuyn hn. Chnh nim cng lin tc th tm
cng nhy bn v tip nhn i tng trung thc hn.


ng qun: mc khng quan trng, tm quan st
ang lm vic pha sau hay bit mc mi thc s
quan trng. Nu bn quan st vi mt thi ng n,
th bt c mc no cng l mc ng n c. Bn
c thi ng n hay khng?

CHNH NIM MT CCH THNG MINH

Thin chnh nim khng ch l quan st mi vic vi
tm nhn bit m thi. Bn khng th thc hnh mt cch
m qung, my mc m khng suy ngh cht no. Bn
phi vn dng c kin thc v s thng minh ca mnh
p dng thin tp vo trong cuc sng.

Nhng cng c chnh cn phi c chnh nim mt
cch thng minh l:

1. C thng tin hng dn ng n v c s hiu bit
r rng v php hnh,
2. C s say m, hng th v ng c chn chnh,
3. C t duy, suy tm, tm hiu ng n, chn chnh
(chnh t duy).

Thng tin hng dn ng n v hiu bit r rng v
php hnh l nhng iu bn thu c t sch v, kinh
in v t nhng bui trnh Php. S say m, hng th v
ng c chn chnh c da trn s hiu bit r rng l
do bn n y hnh thin. bao gi bn t hi mnh
nhng cu hi nh th ny cha: Ti sao ti mun hnh
thin?, Ti mong cu t c iu g?, Ti c hiu
c thin l g khng?. ng c chn chnh v s say
m, hng th s sinh trng, ln mnh ln t chnh cu

tr li ca bn. Thng tin hng dn ng n v ng
c thc hnh chn chnh s c nh hng rt ln n
cch t duy, suy ngh ca bn khi bn h th cng phu.
Chng s gip bn c c nhng cu hi thng minh v
ng lc.

Chnh t duy (t duy, suy tm v cch t vn
ng n) l nhng suy ngh gip cho bn thc hnh mt
cch ng n. L mt ngi mi tp hnh thin, khi
ng trc mt tnh hung kh khn trong qu trnh thc
hnh, trc tin bn nn nh li li hng dn i ph
vi tnh hung nh th no, ri sau em ra p
dng. Nu bn khng r rng v nhng g ang din ra
trong qu trnh thc hnh ca mnh, th hy t hi mnh
cc cu hi nh vy: Thi hnh thin ca mnh ra
sao?, Mnh ang phi i mt vi loi phin no no
y?. Tuy nhin, bn ng mnh suy ngh qu nhiu,
nht l khi mi tp hnh thin; tm ca bn c th s
phng i lung tung y . Nhng cu hi hay nhng suy
ngh nh vy ch nn vn dng lm tng s hng th,
say m cho bn m thi.

Tuy nhin, ngay c khi c thng tin hng dn
ng n, c ng c chn chnh v t duy, suy tm
ng n, bn vn c th mc sai lm. Nhn r sai lm
ca mnh l mt phn quan trng c th chnh nim
mt cch thng minh. Tt c chng ta u c th phm
sai lm; l iu ht sc t nhin. Khi bn pht hin
mnh phm sai lm, hy nhn bit v chp nhn n; c
gng hc hi t chnh nhng sai lm .

Khi chnh nim ca bn min mt hn, s hng
th, say m ca bn vi php hnh s ngy mt ln

mnh. Chnh nim mt cch thng minh s gip bn i
su vo php hnh v t ti nhng hiu bit mi. Cui
cng, n s gip bn thnh t c mc tiu ca thin
chnh nim: l cc tng tu minh st.

Thin chnh nim l mt qu trnh hc hi; hy s
dng chnh nim ca mnh mt cch thng minh!

CC OAI NGHI, T TH/N UNG/
SINH HOT HNG NGY

ng qun lun nhn li mnh, t lc bn thc dy
cho n khi ln ging i ng. Bt c khi no bn pht
hin mnh tht nim, hy kim tra li trng thi tm ca
mnh khi ; c gng cm nhn c tm mnh ang nh
th no, c th gin, thoi mi hay khng? Ri sau
quan st nhng cm gic no r nht bt c b phn
no trn c th. Tm thin phi tht n gin, khng
c phc tp. Bn c th s dng bt c cm gic no
lm mc chnh a tm v vi hin ti. mc
chnh gip bn duy tr c tm hay bit, trong khonh
khc hin ti. l ch cho bn quay v mi khi bn
phn vn khng bit nn quan st ci g. Tuy nhin,
khng nht thit l lc no bn cng phi gi tm trn
mc . Nu s ch chuyn sang cc mc khc nh
cm gic, ting ng, v thm ch c l s phng tm th
cng khng sao, min l bn lun thc c rng mnh
vn ang hay bit cc mc l c. Nu bn hay
bit c nhiu mc cng mt lc th rt tt.

Khi ngi thin, thn v tm cn phi tht tha mi.
Lun kim tra li xem mnh c th gin, thoi mi hay

khng. Nu b cng thng, trc ht bn phi th gin,
th lng ra, sau kim tra li thi ca mnh c ng
n hay khng. Nu tm c s chng i, hy cm nhn
s chng i v quan st n. Hy gi tm tht n
gin v ch n thun quan st nhng g ang din ra.
Quan st, theo di bt c i tng g tm ang hay bit:
t th-oai nghi, cc cm gic trn thn, hi th, cc tnh
cm v cm xc, phng tm hay suy ngh, m thanh hay
mi v. Nu bn ngi tht tha mi trn m m gi m
m bn rn suy ngh n mt vic rt quan trng no ,
n mc cng chng nhn ra c l mnh ang suy ngh
na, lc th khng phi l bn ang hnh thin! Khi
bn cht nhn ra iu , cng ng bn tm, lo lng;
hy th gin ra v kim tra li thi hnh thin ca
mnh, ri li bt u li t u.

Lun lun chnh nim, hay bit mnh ang i, bt c
khi no bn i v bt c ch no bn n. Bn khng cn
thit phi i nhanh hay i chm, m ch cn i ht sc t
nhin. Bn c th theo di xem tm mnh ang ch vo
ci g, hay ch cn cm nhn tng qut ton b cc cm
gic trn thn khi bc i nh th no. Nu tm an tr
trn mt cm gic c th no hay trn s di chuyn
ca thn, th cng c. Nhng nn nh l bn khng
nht thit phi tp trung lin tc trn mt mc nht
nh, m thc ra bn cn trnh lm iu ny nu nh n
lm cho bn b cng thng. Bn cng cn nhn bit cc
ting ng v c vic nhn quanh xem ang i n ch
no. C gng ng nhn lung tung bi n s lm bn b
xao lng. Tuy nhin, khi chnh nim ca bn c
lin tc, bn cn phi hc cch chnh nim mi khi nhn
bt c ci g. Kh nng chnh nim v ci nhn ny s

n trong qu trnh thc hnh. Khi bn cn cha kho
lo, thun thc, th nhn ng lung tung vn c xu hng
lm bn b xao lng v mt chnh nim.

Khi hnh thin trong t th ng, bn cng c th
thc hnh theo nhng nguyn tc c bn nh khi ngi v
i kinh hnh. Lun lun kim tra xem mnh c b cng
thng hay khng!

ng vi vng trong khi n ung. Khi ham n ham
ung bn s mt chnh nim. Nu bn chnh nim bit l
mnh ang n nhanh th hy dng li v nhn cm gic
tham mun mt lc. Bn cn phi trm tnh thy ra
c khi mnh n ung trng nh th no. Cm nhn cc
cm gic, mi v, cc trng thi tm ca mnh khi n
ung ra sao, ci g mnh thch, ci g khng thch. V
cng cn phi nhn bit mi ng tc ca mnh khi n
ung. ng qu quan tm n vic quan st y mi
chi tit, ch cn lun hay bit nhng iu mnh cm nhn
v kinh nghim c l .

Khong thi gian ring t v nhng sinh hot c nhn
cng l lc rt quan trng chnh nim. Khi mt
mnh l lc chng ta thng d mt chnh nim nht. Bn
c chnh nim khi ng ca, khi nh rng, mc qun o,
tm ra v i v sinh khng? Khi lm nhng cng vic
ny bn cm thy ra sao? Bn c nhn ra c nhng ci
thch v khng thch ca mnh khng? Khi nhn mt ci
g bn c chnh nim khng? Bn c chnh nim khi
nghe khng? Bn c chnh nim khi nh gi, ph phn
v nhng th mnh nghe, nhn, nm, ngi, xc chm, suy
ngh hay cm nhn khng? Khi ni chuyn bn c chnh
nim khng? Bn c hay bit c m iu v m lng

ca ging ni mnh hay khng?

iu quan trng l bn phi thng xuyn kim tra li
xem mnh ang th gin, thoi mi hay ang b cng
thng; nu khng t kim tra nh vy, bn s khng
thc c mnh ang b cng thng u. Khi bn thy
mnh b cng thng th hy quan st chnh s cng thng
. Bn khng th hnh thin c khi tm b cng
thng. iu cho thy bn khng thc hnh ng
cch. Hy xem xt cch thc tm mnh ang hot ng ra
sao. Nu bn lm iu ny mt cch thng xuyn trong
ngy th s c th ngn chn uc khng cho cng
thng tch t li. Nh thc hnh, bn cng s hiu c
nguyn nhn gy ra s cng thng . ng qun quan
st n! Nu bn d b cng thng th hy thc hnh thin
trong t th nm mi ngy mt ln. iu ny cng gip
bn thc hnh chnh nim c trong bt c t th no.

PHNG TM/ TING NG

Khi b phng tm, suy ngh lung tung, hoc c ting
ng no thu ht s ch ca bn, hy chnh nim
hay bit n. Suy ngh l mt hot ng t nhin ca tm.
Nu c kh nng nghe tt, th bn s nghe c ting
ng, iu l rt t nhin. Bn vn thc hnh tt khi
hay bit tm mnh ang suy ngh hoc ang nghe. Song
nu bn cm thy b quy ry bi cc suy ngh hay ting
ng, hoc nu bn phn ng hay nh gi, phn xt
chng, th tc l bn ang c vn trong thi hnh
thin. Tm ngh ngi hay ting ng khng thnh vn ,
m chnh thi ca bn l ra khng nn c nhng iu
- mi thc s l vn . Khi hy hiu l mnh ang

chnh nim, hay bit v nhng hot ng ca tm. Chng
ch l nhng mc mnh tp trung ch m thi.

Suy ngh l mt hot ng ca tm. Nu bn l ngi
mi tp hnh thin th khng nn c gng theo di s suy
ngh mt cch lin tc. Cng ng c n trnh s suy
ngh bng cch quay tr li ngay lp tc vi mc
chnh. Khi nhn ra l mnh ang suy ngh, vic u tin
bn cn lm l ch vo chnh suy ngh , ri sau t
nhc nh mnh rng suy ngh ch l suy ngh. ng cho
rng l suy ngh ca ti. Ri sau , bn mi quay
tr li vi mc chnh.

Khi bn cm thy b quy ry bi tm suy ngh, hy t
nhc nh rng khng phi mnh hnh thin l ngn
chn s suy ngh, m l nhn ra v bit r suy ngh
mi khi chng sanh khi. Nu khng c chnh nim bn
s khng th bit c l mnh ang ngh ngi. Khi nhn
ra mnh ang suy ngh, ngha l bn c chnh nim.
Nn nh l tm vn v suy ngh bao nhiu ln, phng i
ch ny ch n hay bc bi chuyn ny chuyn kia - tt
c nhng iu khng thnh vn , min l bn c
chnh nim, hay bit n l c.

Suy ngh c chm dt hay khng cng khng phi l
vn quan trng. iu quan trng hn l bn hiu c
rng suy ngh l suy ngh thin hay bt thin, c thch
hp hay khng, c cn thit hay khng. V vy, iu ct
yu l phi hc cch quan st s suy ngh m khng b li
theo n. Khi mt suy ngh ang nhn rng ra th d c c
gng n u thun quan st n, bn vn c th b
cun theo n phn no. Khi iu ny xy ra, khi suy ngh
tr thnh min man, khng dt n mc bn khng cn

quan st c n na, th hy dng li khng nhn suy
ngh na m thay vo hy quan st cc cm xc i
km hoc l cc cm gic trn thn lc .

D bn i, ng, nm, ngi hay trong mi sinh hot
hng ngy, hy thng xuyn hi li mnh xem: Tm
ang lm g? C ang suy ngh hay khng? Suy ngh v
ci g? Hay ang chnh nim? C chnh nim th chnh
nim v ci g?

AU NHC V CC CM GIC KH CHU

Khi bn b au, nhc, kh chu trong thn, iu c
ngha l tm bn ang c phn ng chng i li chng
v do bn cha th quan st nhng cm gic kh chu
ny mt cch trc tip c. D nhin khng ai thch au
c, nhng nu bn quan st cn au trong khi vn cn
chng i, khng c li, th n s cng au hn. Cng
ging nh khi bn ang tc gin mt ai , cng nhn
thy mt li cng thy tc. V vy, ng bao gi t cng
p mnh quan st ci au; y khng phi l mt trn
chin m ch l mt c hi bn hc hi. ng quan st
ci au vi mc ch l lm cho n bt au hoc bin
mt. Bn quan st ci au, v nht l phn ng ca tm
i vi ci au , hiu c mi lin h gia phn
ng ca tm vi cc cm gic trn thn.

Vic u tin l phi kim tra li thi hnh thin
ca mnh. Mong mun cho ci au gim bt i hoc bin
mt l mt thi sai lm. Vn khng phi l ch
ci au c mt i hay khng. au khng phi l mt vn
kh khn; phn ng tiu cc ca bn vi n mi chnh

l vn . Nu au do mt chn thng no th bn
cn phi thn trng khng lm cho s vic ti t hn,
song nu bn vn kho mnh th ci au ch l c hi tt
cho bn tp quan st tm mnh ang hot ng ra sao.
Khi au, cc cm xc v phn ng trong tm rt r v do
rt d quan st. Hy hc cch quan st tm sn hoc
s khng c, chng i ci au, s cng thng v kh
chu trong tm bn. Nu cn thit, hy lun phin kim
tra li cc cm xc ca mnh v thi ng sau s
khng c y. Thng xuyn t nhc nh mnh th gin
c thn ln tm, quan st tc ng ca vic i vi sc
khng c trong tm mnh nh th no. Gia tm v ci
au c mt mi lin h trc tip vi nhau. Tm quan st
cng th gin v tnh lng, bn cng t b cng thng khi
c cm gic au. D nhin, khi tm phn ng qu mnh
vi ci au (khi ci au n mc khng th chu ng ni
chng hn), th bn nn nh nhng chuyn sang mt t
th khc cho thn mnh c tho mi i cht.

V vy, nu bn mun hc cch ng ph vi ci au
mt cch khn kho th hy lm nh sau: ngay t khi bt
u c cm gic au, d ch au rt t, hy kim tra li
xem thn v tm mnh c b cng thng hay khng, ri
th gin, bung lng ra. Mt phn tm ca bn vn hay
bit c ci au. Hy kim tra li nhiu ln xem mnh
c b cng thng khng v th gin, th lng ra na.
Cng cn kim tra li thi hnh thin ca mnh v t
nhc mnh rng nu au qu th ta c th i sang t th
khc, chnh iu ny s lm cho tm bn sn sng quan
st ci au hn. Hy lp li cch lm ny nhiu ln cho
n khi bn cm thy khng mun ngi thm quan st
s cng thng, ni s au, mun ng dy hay tip tc

tr li cht no na. By gi, bn hy thay i t th.

C th chu ng c ci au khng c ngha l bn
c c tm x. Hu ht chng ta u bt u bng
cch c gng ngi cho trn mt khong thi gian n nh
no , t cng p mnh phi ngi yn, khng c
nhc nhch, ca quy. Khi ngi c sut c gi nh vy,
chng ta cm thy mnh tht l ti, tht l gii; cn nu
khng c th chng ta li cho l mnh tht bi.
Thng thng, chng ta c c chu ng ci au c
cng lu cng tt, c gng rn luyn y ci ngng
chu ng ln cao hn mt cht. Tuy nhin, trong qu
trnh chng ta li qun khng chu nhn li tm mnh
v khng thc c cc phn ng ca tm i vi ci
au nh th no. Chng ta khng nhn ra c mt
iu l: y cao ngng chu ng ln nh vy khng c
ngha l tm ht phn ng i vi ci au.

Nu bn khng t cng p mnh phi ngi cho trn
thi gian n nh, m thay vo bn quan st cc phn
ng trong tm theo cch nh trn, s khng c ci au s
gim dn v tm bn s tr nn qun bnh hn. Hiu
c s khc bit gia tm qun bnh-x v kh nng
chu au l iu rt quan trng. Thin chnh nim khng
phi l cng p m l hiu bit. Tm x thc s l
kt qu ca s hiu bit v bn cht ca nhng ci thch
v khng thch ca mnh, n ch c c qua qu trnh
quan st v thm nghim.

Tt nht l ch quan st trc tip ci au khi khng
cn cm thy chng i, khng c li ci au na. Hy
lun nh rng c th vn cn s phn ng mt mc
vi t no . Ngay khi bn nhn ra c tm kh chu

nh vy, hy quay s ch ca mnh v cm gic kh
chu . Nu bn c th thy c s kh chu vi t trong
tm, hy quan st s thay i ca n; n tng ln hay
gim i? Khi tm tr nn nhy cm v qun bnh hn,
n s nhn din c nhng phn ng vi t mt cch d
dng. Nu bn nhn s kh chu trong tm mc vi t,
bn s t n mt mc m tm bn cm thy hon ton
bung x. Nu bn nhn thng vo cn au vi mt tm
x thc s, s kh chu trong tm s khng cn khi ln
na.

Lun nh rng bn khng quan st cc phn ng ca
tm vi mc ch l dit tr chng. Hy coi cc phn
ng ca tm mnh nh mt c hi nghin cu v bn
cht ca chng. Hy t hi mnh cc cu hi nh: cc
phn ng y lm bn cm thy ra sao? Khi y bn c
nhng suy ngh g? Ci bn ngh c nh hng th no
n cc cm xc trong tm mnh? V ngc li, nhng
cm xc trong tm nh hng n suy ngh ca bn ra
sao? ng sau nhng suy ngh y l thi g? Nhng
cm xc, suy ngh v thi y c lm thay i nhn
thc ca bn v ci au hay khng?

Hy c gng p dng cch thc trn ng ph vi
bt c cm gic kh chu no trong thn nh nga ngy,
nng, lnhHn na, nhng k nng hc c khi x l
cc phn ng i vi cm gic kh chu ni thn cng c
th c p dng i vi cc loi phin no nh sn hn,
gin d, tht vng, chng i cng nh hnh phc, vui
sng, tham dc hay s dnh mc. Chng v tt c h
hng, thn thch - k c b con xa ca chng u cn phi
c gii quyt theo cch tng t nh ci au. Chng ta

cn phi hc cch nhn din v bung b c dnh mc ln
chng i, sn hn.

iu quan trng l khi xem xt cc cm xc, bn nn
nh rng chng ch l cc hin tng t nhin. Chng
khng phi l cm xc ca bn bt c ai cng tri
nghim nhng cm xc nh th. Nhng t tng v hnh
nh trong tm i km vi cc cm xc cng vy, ch l
nhng hot ng t nhin ca tm. Mi khi bn t ng
ha mnh vi cc t tng hay hnh nh y, cm xc li
c thm du bng chy mnh lit hn.

Tuy nhin, nu cm xc qu mnh, rt c th bn s
khng kh nng qun st cc t tng lin h vi
chng m khng b dao ng. Trong trng hp y, tt
nht l ch n thun ghi nhn trng thi thch hay khng
thch lin quan n cm xc y. Gii php sau cng l
hng tm ti mt i tng trung tnh no , nh hi
th chng hn, gii ta dng suy ngh bt tn y.
Phng cch ny gip bn dt ra, khng b li cun vo
cu chuyn trong tm ang tr nn l th v phc tp.

Dn dn, khi s quan st cm xc tr nn nhy bn
v qun bnh, bn s nhn ra c mi quan h cht ch
gia cc cm xc trong tm v cc cm gic trn thn,
cng nh cc t tng lin h vi chng. Cng hiu bit
v mi tng quan y, bn cng c kh nng x l mt
cch hu hiu bt c cm xc no ni ln.

Cui cng, bn cn phi lun lun kim tra li thi
ca mnh, kim tra li xem mnh ang n nhn cc cm
xc hay ang chng c li n. Chng no bn cn cha
nhn ra c s chng i hay s t ng ha mnh vi

cc cm xc, chng y cc cm xc vn c c hi tng
trng. Nn nh rng bn khng cn phi xua ui cm
xc hay trch c bt c ngi no, m hy dng cm xc
hiu thm v s vn hnh v bn cht ca tm mnh.

CHNH NIM LIN TC

Bn phi gi chnh nim lin tc, hay bit mnh trong
bt c oai nghi, t th no, t khi thc dy cho n khi i
ng. ng tm li bing hoc bay nhy t do, v t
chc. iu quan trng l tm phi lun lun lm vic,
lun lun hay bit. Trong bt c vic g bn lm, gi
chnh nim vn l iu quan trng hng u. chnh
nim lin tc, cn phi c chnh tinh tn (s n lc, c
gng ng n). i vi chng ta, chnh tinh tn ngha l
lun t nhc nh mnh chnh nim. Chnh tinh tn l s
c gng bn b v lin tc, ch khng phi l dng sc
tp trung quyt lit vo mt vic g . Chnh tinh tn ch
n gin l hng n duy tr chnh nim, n khng cn
tn nhiu nng lng v sc lc.

Bn khng cn phi bit tt c mi chi tit ca i
tng. Ch cn hay bit v bit l mnh ang hay bit ci
g l . Khi c chnh nim, hy bit rng mnh ang c
chnh nim. Thng xuyn t hi mnh: "By gi ti
ang chnh nim v ci g?" "Ti c hay bit mt cch
tng tn, thch ng hay khng, hay ch hay bit mt
cch hi ht?". iu ny s gip cho chnh nim c
lin tc. Nn nh rng: chnh nim th khng kh, ci
kh l lm sao chnh nim c lin tc!

C c qun tnh l iu rt quan trng cng

c vng chc php hnh ca bn, v iu ny ch c th
t c bng vic gi chnh nim lin tc. Vi s c
gng ng n, chnh nim s dn dn ly c tin
v tr nn mnh m hn. Khi c c chnh nim,
tm bn s tr nn mnh m. Mt ci tm mnh s c
chnh nim, chnh nh v tr tu.

Hy c gng tinh tn mt cch lin tc. Lun lun t
nhc nh mnh chnh nim, ri chnh nim ca bn s
ngy cng lin tc hn.

TI SAO PHI CN BIT NHIU NH VY?

Ngang y, c l bn s cm thy chong ngp v cc
thng tin m bn cn phi nh khi hnh thin. Ti sao li
cn phi bit nhiu nh vy trc khi bt tay vo hnh
thin? Chng ti c gng trao truyn n cc bn nhng
gi v hng dn ny ch nhm mt mc ch: gip bn
c s hiu bit ng n hnh thin vi thi chn
chnh. Khi c s hiu bit ng n, bn s n lc mt
cch t nhin pht trin chnh nim v tr tu. Cc
thng tin m bn thu lm, nm vng v thu hiu s
lm nn tng cho nhng tri kin ca bn, v chnh nhng
tri kin ng n y s nh hng n s vn hnh t
nhin ca tm bn trong bt c hon cnh no.


TINH YU CA PHP HNH

C hiu bit ng n v php hnh.

Thc hnh mt cch lin tc; y l iu ht sc
quan trng pht trin php hnh ca bn.

Th gin, thoi mi!

C thi hnh thin ng n; chp nhn mi
i tng nh n ang l.

Chnh nim mt cch khn kho, thng minh.

Nhn din r cc loi phin no.


CC BUI TRNH PHP

Cc bui trnh php l c hi bn trnh by kinh
nghim thin tp ca mnh vi thin s v nhn ly
nhng li khuyn.

Thin s mun bit xem bn ang thc hnh nh th
no; c th th gin v chnh nim c khng; chnh
nim c c lin tc khng; bn c phn bit c th
no l thi ng n v th no l thi sai lm
khng; c nhn bit v quan st c cc phn ng ca
mnh hay khng; bn cm thy ra sao, hiu bit c
nhng g l nhng thng tin c bn bn phi trnh
by trong bui trnh php; ch khi no thin s hiu c
nhng im mnh, im yu ca bn th mi c th cho
bn nhng ch dn ng n thc hnh.

Bn cng c th ni trnh ca mnh hin ang
mc no v bn mun t n u. Bn phi ht sc
thnh thc vi chnh mnh. Nu ch trnh nhng kinh
nghim tt hay ch trnh nhng kinh nghim xu thi th
s rt kh cho bn nhng li hng dn cn thit.

LY CHNH NIM

u l ngi mi bt u hnh thin, bn phi
thng xuyn t nhc nh mnh chnh nim. Lc u th
bn nhn ra mnh mt chnh nim hi chm v c th
ngh rng chnh nim ca mnh nh th l tng i
lin tc. Song khi chnh nim tr nn sc bn hn, bn
s bt u nhn ra rng thc ra mnh thng xuyn b mt
chnh nim. Thm ch bn cn c cm tng l chnh
nim ca mnh ngy cng km i, song thc ra l v
bn thng xuyn thc c mi khi mnh b mt
chnh nim. y l mt bc tin ng hng. N cho
thy chnh nim ca bn tt hn trc. Do , ng
bao gi t dn vt mnh nh vy, ch n gin chp nhn
mc trnh ang c ca mnh v tip tc t nhc nh
mnh chnh nim.

Tuy nhin, ch t nhc mnh chnh nim th cng cha
. chnh nim tr nn mnh hn, bn cn phi c
thi hnh thin ng n, c mt ci tm quan st
khng b phin no chi phi. S quan st s tr nn kh
khn hn khi bn c mi bn tm, lo lng v s tin b
ca mnh. Trc ht, bn phi thc c rng chnh
l phin no, v ri ly chnh n lm i tng quan
st. Mi khi bn c nhng trng thi nh phn vn, nghi
ng, khng thoi mi, bt mn, cng thng, cu gt, bc
bi hay vui mng, hy nhn k chng. Tm hiu, xem xt
chng v t hi mnh xem: "Tm mnh ang suy ngh
iu g?" "Thi ca mnh ra sao?". Vic ny s gip
bn hiu c tc ng ca phin no n mnh th no.

Bn cn phi kin nhn, c s hng th, say m v mt
cm gic t m mun lm, mun khm ph, tm hiu.
Dn dn, khi bn tr nn thin xo, kho lo hn trong
vic quan st vi thi ng n, chnh nim s mnh
m v lin tc hn. Chnh iu ny s gip bn thm t
tin trong php hnh ca mnh.

thi im ny bn s bt u thy c li ch ca
thin v lc hnh thin khng cn l mt "cng vic"
na, m bn s c thm nhiu hng th trong php hnh.
Bn t nhc mnh chnh nim d dng hn v d nhn
din phin no hn. Kt qu l chnh nim s tr nn
ngy cng lin tc, v cng vi thi gian, khi php hnh
chn mui, chnh nim s t c qun tnh.

Mt khi c qun tnh, bn s gi chnh nim
mt cch t nhin. Loi chnh nim t nhin hu nh c
th cm nhn r rt c ny s mang li cho bn cm
gic gii thot cha tng thy. Bn ch n gin lun
lun hay bit mi khi n c mt, v trn thc t hu nh
n c mt trong mi lc. Ni cch khc, bn bit l mnh
ang c chnh nim, khi tm tr thnh mc
quan st. Khi c c chnh nim nh th, tm bn
s tr nn ngy cng qun bnh, bung x.

Chnh nim lc ny s rt mnh v bn ch cn rt t
c gng duy tr qun tnh ca n. Bn s lun lun
hay bit nhiu mc khc nhau, m khng cn c gng
dng cng. Khi ra tay chng hn, bn nhn bit c
cc c ng, xc chm, mi x phng, cm gic v c
ting nc chyTrong khi hay bit tt c nhng iu
ny, bn c th hay bit c c cm gic chn ang xc
chm vi sn nh, nghe c ting loa vng li t ngi

cha bn kia cnh ng, hay nhn thy vt bn trn tng
v cm thy mun ra sch n i. Trong khi tt c
nhng iu ny din ra, bn cng c th hay bit c
tm mnh c thch hay khng thch. Tt nhin, mi ln
ra tay bn li hay bit nhng i tng khc nhau.
Chnh nim t nhin th mc lun thay i, chuyn
dch lin tc, bung b mc ny nm bt mc
kia, chuyn t mt t hp mc ny sang t hp
mc khc.

Khi c chnh nim t nhin, dng nh mi vic
u chm li bi v gi y bn nhn bit c rt nhiu
mc khc nhau, trong khi lc mi thc hnh bn vn
phi c vt ln gi chnh nim trn mt, hai mc
chnh m thi. Tuy nhin, bn vn c th t nhin b mt
thng bng khi bt ng chm trn vi nhng loi phin
no tham, sn tht mnh. iu khc bit l gi y tm
bn pht hin ra cc phin no loi th hay nhng thi
sai lm ca mnh mt cch rt nhanh chng, ri hoc l
chng s tan bin ngay tc khc, hoc l t nht cng b
mt sc mnh. Bn vn c th b tht nim, tm vn c
th lang thang y hay c lc chnh nim suy yu,
nht nho i, song s ly li chnh nim tng i nhanh,
chnh nim t nhin s nhanh chng tr li lm cng tc
ca mnh.

Tuy nhin, trc khi qu phn khi vi thnh tch ,
xin cnh bo bn mt iu rng: t c qun tnh
ny khng phi l chuyn d. Bn khng th bt n phi
xy ra c. Phi tht kin nhn. C th bn s t c
chnh nim ny sau mt vi tun dnh trn thi gian
hnh thin, song n cng khng ko di c lu. duy

tr c n, cn phi c s kho lo v qu trnh thc
hnh. Ln u tin t c chnh nim t nhin, bn s
nhanh chng nh mt n trong vng mt vi gi hay
thm ch ch trong vi pht. ng bao gi c gng ly
li trng thi ; n ch c th xy n mt cch t nhin
v n gin thng qua qu trnh thc hnh bn b, lin
tc. Hu ht tt c cc thin sinh phi mt nhiu thng
hoc nhiu nm nm vng k nng v hiu bit cn
thit, duy tr c chnh nim t nhin trong sut c
ngy.

Khi php hnh ca bn c qun tnh, nh tm s
pht trin mt cch t nhin, tm bn s ngy cng n
nh hn. Tm tr nn sc bn hn, bit bng lng-tri tc,
n gin v chn thc, nhu nhuyn v nhy cm hn. N
c th nhn din c nhng loi phin no vi t mt
cch d dng trong khi vn chnh nim, hay bit c
cc mc khc. Chnh nim t nhin khng nhng gip
bn c kh nng chnh nim c trn nhiu i tng
m cn gip bn hiu c nhn-qu, quan st mi chi
tit v x l hiu qu cc loi phin no vi t.

Chng hn, bn ang cm thy rt th gin v tnh
lng khi i kinh hnh trong thin ng, ri khi vo ngi
thin, bn cht nhn thy c mt s xo ng, bt an rt
vi t trong tm. Lc ny tm bn nhn bit c
phin no, chp nhn n v bt u cm thy hng th
vi cng vic . C th bn s t hi "Ti sao c s bt
an ny?". Tm bn s xoay quanh cu hi . Cng lc,
bn cng khm ph ra rng thn mnh ang b cng
thng, c th l mt cm gic cng cng ni bng
chng hn. Ri, bt cht bn hiu rng chnh l do s

tch t ca nhng trng thi stress, bc bi, bt mn hay
phn khch no np sau nhng bt an v cng thng
th l ny. Ni cch khc, tr tu bt u phn loi, chn
lc mi th. Khi tm hiu nguyn nhn ca cm gic
xo ng, bt an, ngay lp tc s bt an s gim cng
v nhng cng thng trn thn cng nh dn.

Nu tip tc quan st, bn s pht hin ra rng mt s
bt an v cng thng vn cn d st li bn trong. Tm
bn s khi ln cu hi "Ti sao c s vic ny?"; cu hi
s dn bn tin ln mt trnh cao hn. Bn s pht
hin ra nhng mong cu, chng i, nhng quan kin v
hy vng cn giu mt bn trong, chnh chng l th phm
gy ra nhng cng thng . Bi v gi y bn thy
c nguyn nhn "gc" ca s bt an, nn tm bn mi
c th hon ton bung b c.

V bit r nguyn nhn, nn tm bn s , canh
chng, phng nhng tnh hung tng t c th gy ra
stress, bc bi hay phn khch ni ln. Mi khi chng
xut u l din, tr tu s vch mt nhng loi phin no
giu mt ng sau chng. Theo cch ny, chnh nim s
ngy cng min mt v tm s ngy cng mnh m hn.
By gi Tn, Tn, Nim, nh, Tu s phi hp cht ch
vi nhau. Ni cch khc, Php s t vn hnh.

Tuy nhin, ngay c chnh nim t nhin cng khng
th lun lun pht hin c mi phin no. Tt c chng
ta u c nhng "vng m", nhng c tt thm cn c
cha thc c. Chnh nim t nhin khng th thy
c nhng "vng m" ny. Chng cn tim n su trong
tm thc, s quan st trc tip khng th tip cn n.
Ci m chnh nim c th thy c l nhng phn ng

cm tnh ca ngi ngoi. V vy, mi khi bn nhn thy
nhng ngi xung quanh mnh bng nhin tr nn bo
th-t v theo mt cch no , hy nhn li cch c x
v thi ca mnh. Tuy nhin, thng th bn khng
thy r c mnh chc gin hoc lm tn thng n
ngi khc nh th no. Nu bn cm thy thn mt, tho
mi vi ngi mnh l chc gin, th c th hi xem
kin ngi y th no hay c iu g khng va lng v
mnh khng. Nu khng th tt nht l nn k ton b s
vic li cho mt ngi bn tt, ngi y xem mnh sai
ch no. Mt khi bn thy ra c vn ca mnh,
th c th trnh by iu ln trong bui trnh php.
iu quan trng l phi pht hin v khm ph ra nhng
thi quen v c tt tim n ca mnh. Ch khi bn
thc c nhng thi sai lm, vn l th phm ca
nhng c tt "m" , th tr tu mi c th canh
chng chng c.

Nu l ngi mi tp thin, bn phi c gng cho
tr tu hot ng, th hin chc nng ca n. Bn phi s
dng chnh nim ca mnh mt cch thng minh v khn
kho thc hnh mt cch hiu qu. Nht l khi phi
i mt vi kh khn, bn phi vn dng t duy tm ra
cch thc gii quyt tnh hung . Theo thi gian, khi
chnh nim tr nn min mt hn, tr tu s n v nhanh
chng thc hin chc nng, nhim v ca n. Tr tu bit
r s khc bit gia thi sai lm v thi chn
chnh, tr tu s xua tan phin no. Khi php hnh ca
bn c tin, chnh nim v tr tu s bt u lm
vic cng nhau. Khi chnh nim c t nhin, tr tu
c c s lun lun sn sng hot ng.


Mc d vn cn tht nim, nhng bn hy lun kin
nhn v nh nhng a tm mnh v vi hin ti. Lin tc
t nhc nh mnh, nhng ng tham lam, ham tin b
qu mc. Cng ng bn lng khi thy ngi khc tin
nhanh hn mnh nhiu; bn ang bc i trn con ng
ring ca mnh vi tc ring ca mnh. Tt c nhng
iu bn cn lm l duy tr chnh nim, khng sm th
mun, chnh nim s c c tin mt cch t nhin.

TR TU

hng ta thng tip thu kin thc v tr tu
thng qua hc hi, nghe php, c sch (sutamya pa
- vn tu), thng qua t duy, suy lun (cintamya pa -
t tu) v thng qua kinh nghim trc tip ca thin tp
(bhavanamya pa - tu tu).

Vn tu l tip thu thng tin hng dn ng n
khi s thc hnh. T tu l qu trnh tiu ho nhng
thng tin ny, thm thu v dung np chng. Tu tu l
nhng hiu bit sanh khi thng qua kinh nghim trc
tip. Chng ta cn phi c c vn tu v t tu thc
hnh chnh nim mt cch hiu qu, lm cho tr tu trc
gic (tu tu) sanh khi. C ba loi tr tu ny u l mt
phn ca thin tp, tt c u cn yu i vi thin
Vipassan.

Nu l ngi mi bt u tp thin, chng ta cn tm
c sch v Pht Php, hoc t nht l cng phi nghe
thuyt php v tham d cc bui trnh php. Nhng hot
ng ny s gip bn c c nhng thng tin t vn v
hng dn cn thit cho qu trnh thin tp, cung cp mt
s "cht liu" t duy, suy ngm. Chng ta cn ghi nh
nhng thng tin t vn v hng dn, mi khi i din
vi kh khn chng ta s nh li v bit cch ng x v
tt nhin bn cng cn phi nu cu hi trong cc bui
trnh php na.

Ci chnh l bn phi n lc, c gng mt cch c

thc c c tr tu. Tuy nhin, iu rt quan trng l
bn phi lu v nh hng ca nhng kin thc ny
n qu trnh thc hnh ca mnh. Tt c nhng thng tin
s cn tip tc hot ng ngm bn di b mt
thc, s tc ng n cch suy ngh v nhn nhn s vic
ca chng ta. V vy, hy bo m l mnh thc s
hiu nhng iu "c bn" ; hiu c cng vic mnh
ang lm. Mi khi bn thy cn bn khon, kh hiu, hy
trnh by vi thin s. iu ht sc cn thit l phi c
thng tin hng dn ng n, c ng c v suy ngh
chn chnh thc hnh mt cch thng minh v hiu
qu. i vi hu ht chng ta, qu trnh thnh tu tr tu
l mt qu trnh hc hi chm chp, lu di v thng l
au n - chng ta s lin tc vp vp, sai lm.

ng s phi vp vp v phm sai lm - v iu quan
trng hn l ng bao gi cm thy mnh xu xa, yu
km v phm sai lm. Chng ta khng th trnh c
sai lm; xt v mt mt no , chng chnh l nhng
vin lt ng tin ln ca chng ta. Hay bit, quan
st mt cch cn thn, k cng v hc hi t sai lm -
chnh l tr tu ang vn hnh. Khi chng ta hc hi t
sai lm, tr tu s bt u n mt cch t ng v t
nhin hn. Tri qua nhiu nm thng, php hnh ca
chng ta s ngy cng tin b, chng ta ngy cng chnh
nim hn, nhng kin thc v hiu bit thu c s n
nhanh chng hn mt cch t nhin. Chnh nim v tr
tu s tr thnh mt cp song hnh lm vic cng nhau.

Khi chnh nim t nhin, tm s vng mnh v tr tu
c c s lun sn sng c mt. Bn khng cn phi c
gng tm kim, thu nht na. Khi tm quan st

vng, tr tu s ng ph vi phin no mt cch hu hiu
hn. Tr tu cng chn mui, tm s cng trong sng v
qun bnh hn. Cui cng, bn s bt u kinh nghim
c nhng khonh khc minh tr, sng sut v qun
bnh, bung x; trong khonh khc bn s nhn mi
vic vi mt ci nhn hon ton mi m. Ni cch khc,
bn bt u c c tu gic.

C c tu gic ngha l hiu bit mt cch su sc
nhng g trc kia bn ch hiu mt cch hi ht trn b
mt kin thc. l iu din ra ht sc t nhin v t
pht, ngay tc thi; bn khng th bt n phi xy ra
c. Nhng kinh nghim dn ti tu gic c ngi
khc t li v tu gic thc s l hai iu khc bit nhau
v cn bn. C nhng kinh nghim tng t nh vy
hon ton khng c ngha l bn t c hay s t
c tu gic . Khi thi im chn mui, bn sn
sng, th s c c kinh nghim v tu gic r nt, khc
bit ca chnh mnh. Khi bn s hiu c s khc
bit to ln gia nhng g c nghe, c vi tu gic
thc s. Bn c th m t v nh hng, tc ng ca tu
gic i vi mnh nh th no hay v nhng kinh
nghim "xung quanh" tu gic , nhng s khng th
no din t c chiu su hiu bit thu c qua tu
gic y.

Mt kinh nghim trc gic v chn l nh vy s c
tc ng su sc n s thc hnh ca bn, n cch nhn
thc v li sng ca bn. Ni cch khc, tr tu c c
theo cch ny, ngay lp tc s chuyn ho cch nhn nhn
mi vic ca bn. Tuy nhin, ci "tm tu gic" ny
khng phi l thng hng; n ch ko di trong mt

khonh khc ngn ngi. Ci thm thu v "sng ng"
cn li chnh l tnh cht ca n. Nu chng ta khng tip
tc vun trng, nui dng ci phm cht y, n s nhanh
chng phai nho. Ch c s thc hnh lin tc mi c th
duy tr c n, mi c th m bo chc chn rng tr
tu s tip tc pht trin v th hin chc nng ca
mnh. Thc hnh lin tc khng c ngha l bn phi b
ra mt s gi no mi ngy hay mi tun ngi
thin, d rng iu cng rt tt. M thc hnh lin tc
c ngha l chnh nim hay bit bt c vic g bn lm,
vi tt c kh nng ca mnh.

Trong giai on ny, tr tu s dn dn bc l. Chnh
nim vn lun c mt thng xuyn bn cnh, song gi
y tr tu s ng vai tr ch o. Loi tr tu ny s
gip chng ta t c nhng tin b quan trng, y
ngha trong php hnh.

Vn tu, T tu, Tu tu (Vn-T-Tu), s cng vn
hnh cht ch vi nhau. Tr tu thu c t t duy, suy
lun s lm tng trng c tin ca bn vo Php v do
s cng khuyn khch s say m, hng th ca bn
trong php hnh. Nim say m ny s to duyn bn
tip tc hc hi v t duy. Bn khng cn s phm sai
lm na v s bt u khm ph nhng phng cch mi
ng ph vi mi kh khn. Bn s thy r rng hn li
ch ca php hnh v s hiu c nhng iu hc
mt tng mc thm su hn. Tt c nhng iu ny s
lm c tin ca bn tng trng hn na. Mt khi c
c tu gic, lng tin ca bn vo Gio Php s c
gia tng ht sc mnh m. iu ny li lm vng mnh
thm ch quyt tm ca bn thc hnh mt cch

nhit tm, ht mnh. Php hnh thin chnh nim s tr
thnh tm im ca cuc i bn v th gii ca bn s
khng bao gi cn nh c na.

D bn kinh nghim c n u, d bn c
c nhiu kin thc hn tt c nhng ngi khc, cng
ng bao gi t tho mn vi tm mc tr tu m mnh
t c hay tho mn vi mc su sc ca tu
gic c. ng t hn ch mnh; hy lun m rng
cnh ca cho nhng hiu bit mi m v su sc hn na.

CNG C V SUY NGM

hng im di y c rt ra t cc bui trnh
php ca thin sinh. Mt s mi bt u hnh thin, mt
s l nhng thin sinh dy dn kinh nghim. Tu
thuc vo trnh thin tp ca mnh m bn c th hiu
hoc cha hiu c mt s im trong . ng bn
khon v nhng im bn cha hiu c. Hy b qua
chng. Theo thi gian, khi php hnh ca bn tin trin,
ngha ca chng s tr nn r rng v bn s hiu chng
mt tm mc su sc hn. Khi thin tp ca bn
thc s tin b, cui cng bn s hiu c tt c. Nhng
im ny khng c sp xp theo mt th t nht nh
no c, do ch cn c tng cht mt, mi khi bn cn
c mt vi tng hay mt s khch l, sch tn no
cho mnh.

1. Thin khng ch l ngi yn trn mt tm to c. Bt
c t th no, nu tm bn ang hay bit vi tr tu, th
chnh l lc bn ang hnh thin.

2. Nu bn khng th quan st c na, th ng t p
buc mnh phi lm iu . M trc tin, hy hc cch
th gin, bung x , lm sao cho mnh c tho mi .

3. Lc no thun tin, hy th tp hnh thin trong t
th nm mt cht. Bn cn hc cch gi chnh nim
trong bt c t th no. Lun lun hay bit mc ca
mnh v nhn bit r mc tinh tn cn thit gi chnh

nim trong cc t th khc nhau.

4. Chnh tinh tn ngha l s bn b, kin nhn, u n
thc hnh. Chnh tinh tn khng c ngha l phi ch tm
tht quyt lit, c gng kim sot, cng p hay t g b,
hn ch mnh. Ch tm qu mc xut pht t tham, sn
v s thiu hiu bit v phng php thc hnh.

5. Bn c th chnh nim v cc cm gic trn thn, hoc
cc cm xc, tnh cm hoc cc hot ng ca tm thc.
Nhng ng ngh chng l "ca ti"; chng ch nh
chng ang l: cm gic ch l cm gic, tnh cm ch l
tnh cm, hot ng ca tm ch l hot ng ca tm -
l bn cht ch thc ca chng. Lun lun quan st
vi ci nhn nh vy, nu khng lm nh th, nu cn coi
chng l "ca ti", th bn s khng sao trnh khi vic b
dnh mc vo i tng hoc l chi b n.

6. Hc cch quan st, thm nghim v hiu bit v bn
cht ca i tung cn quan trng hn l thy cho c
s dit hay c gng lm cho i tng dit mt. Mun
thy i tng dit mt, l mt thi hnh thin sai
lm.

7. Khi tm quan st khng c phin no, l lc bn c
Chnh nim.

8. Tm hay bit (viana-thc) l tm nhn bit bt c
ci g n qua cc cn mn. N lun lun hin hu,
nhng khng nhn thc hay din dch; n khng c tr
tu, khng hiu bit c nhng g ang din ra. Tm
hay bit ch n gin tip nhn i tng m thi.

9. Tm quan st hay tm theo di, quan st bt c iu g
bn kinh nghim. Khi bn thc c l mnh ang quan
st, th bn cng hay bit c chnh tm quan st .

10. Bn ch c th bit c tm mnh thng qua cc biu
hin hot ng ca tm thc, cc trng thi tnh cm-cm
xc hay ni dung ca i tng hay bit. Mi khi bn
hay bit c s suy ngh hoc thc c mnh ang
c tm sn, tht vng-bun bc, tham mun l lc
bn chnh nim, bit c tm mnh. Bn phi nhn ra
c chnh tm ang lm hay ang cm nhn tt c
nhng iu .

11. Khi bn can thip vo tm quan st th tu gic s
khng th sanh khi. Hy hc cch quan st mt cch
khch quan, vi mt s ch thun tu.

12. Khi theo di tm mnh, bn s cm thy ngc nhin,
kinh ngc hay thm ch cn b sc khi pht hin ra nhng
nh kin, nhng tham mun, s hi, hy vng v mong
i, trng ch m trc nay mnh khng h thc c
v chng.

13. Tt c cc hot ng bn ngoi (c sch, nghe nhc,
chi th thao) u c lin quan n suy ngh v tng
(qu trnh khi nim ho hay ch nh ho). Khng c n
th nhng tc nhn kch thch bn ngoi s tr thnh v
ngha. Song nu nhng suy ngh khi nim xut hin
trong khi hnh thin, th bn ch cn n gin hay bit
rng: l "tm ang suy ngh".


14. Khi bn c th d dng an tr tm trn mc, th
l do mt trong hai nguyn nhn sau: hoc l do mc
(i tng) qu th-r, hoc l do chnh nim ca bn
mnh. Ch dng li vic quan st cc mc th-r m
thi. Khi bn hc cch quan st nhng mc vi t, nh
nhim, chnh nim ca bn s tr nn mnh m hn.

15. Khi bn khng thch mt ai , th s vic tr
thnh mt du n in m trong tm bn. Du n ny
khin bn nhn nhn ngi theo mt nh kin c sn;
n ngn che khng cho bn thy ngi nh thc s
anh ta ang l. chnh l v minh ang vn hnh.

16. Khi tm bn sn sng, iu kin cho tu gic
sanh khi, n s pht sanh mt cch t nhin v ngay tc
khc. ng hy vng, trng ngng n s n. Trng
ngng v tm kim s ch mang li loi tu gic gi mo
do tm mnh t to ra m thi.

17. Lun gi mt ci tm rng m i vi bt c iu g
bn kinh nghim c. ng vi vng kt lun bt c
iu g c. Ch n gin tip tc quan st v thm
nghim, xem xt kinh nghim ca mnh mt cch k
lng v lin tc. Kt lun vi vng s ngn che, khng
cho bn lm su sc thm s hiu bit ca mnh.

18. Nu c trnh n nhng hon cnh kh khn th bn s
khng th hc hi v trng thnh c. iu ny c
bit ng khi bn i din vi phin no. Hc cch i
din vi phin no s gip bn thm nghim v thu hiu
c bn cht ca chng v vt qua chng.


19. Hy hc cch to hng th cho mnh trong nhng
hon cnh kh khn. Bng cch i din vi chng mt
cch nh nhng, mm mng, ri mt lc no bn s
cht thu hiu c nguyn nhn ca nhng kh khn
.

20. Khng nht thit phi xc nh hay phn loi cc cm
th thnh cc loi th lc (d chu), th kh (kh chu)
hay th x (khng kh khng lc). Hy t nhc nh mnh
rng cm th ch l cm th. V n gin chp nhn nh
n ang l.

21. Khi xem mt b phim, mi khn gi hiu mt cch
khc nhau, xut pht t cch nhn nhn ca mi c nhn.
Ngi no tm cn non nt, u tr th coi vic xem phim
ch l gii tr. Ngi trng thnh hn s c gng
hiu ngha b phim mun ni ln iu g. Trong thin
tp cng vy, bn phi lun c gng hiu c nhng
g ang din ra.

22. Cng tp trung hay ch tm su vo mt mc, bn
cng hao tn nhiu nng lng v sc lc. iu lm
cho s thc hnh ca bn tr nn kh khn v mt mi.
Chnh nim trn thc t s tr nn lng lo, tr tr. Khi
cht nhn ra iu , bn li c gng tht quyt lit
xy dng li mc chnh nim c. iu c ngha l bn
s phi tn thm nhiu nng lng hn na, v hiu ng
qu cu tuyt
1
ny s t chy bn trong sut qu trnh

1
Hiu ng qu cu tuyt (snowball effect) l hin tng tuyt dnh chm vo mt
qu cu tuyt rt nh ban u, trong qu trnh ln xung dc. S tuyt dnh t vo
trn ng i ngy cng ln, n mc khi xung n chn ni, qu cu tuyt nh

thin tp di hn.

23. Khi bn c gng qu sc chnh nim, bn s
nhanh chng tiu ph nng lng v do s khng th
duy tr chnh nim sut c ngy c. Nu bn thc hnh
mt cch th gin, thoi mi, bn s bo tn c nng
lng v c th thc hnh c trong mt thi gian di.
Nu l mt thin sinh di hn th bn khng th phung
ph nng lng nh th. Thin l cng vic ca c mt
i ngi; n l mt cuc ua ng trng marathon
ch khng phi l cuc chy ua c ly 100m.

24. Hy coi mi giy pht v tng giy pht nh l
nhng c hi qu gi pht trin chnh nim, song
cng khng nn qu quan trng ho v thc hnh qu
nghim ngt. Nghim tc qu mc s lm bn cng thng
v khng cn t nhin c na.

25. Nu bit cch th gin, bn s tr nn rt nhy cm
v bit r mnh cn ci g. Bn s nhn bit c ngay
mi khi mnh tiu ph nng lng mt cch khng cn
thit; v bn cng s hc c cch bo tn nng lng
v sc lc ca mnh.

26. Khi c nghe hay c v kinh nghim thin tp ca
ngi khc, c th, mt cch ch tm hay v thc, bn s
mong mun tm kim cho c nhng kinh nghim nh
th. Th ri, khi c c mt kinh nghim no tng
t, bn s vi vng cho rng chnh l tu gic. Nhng

b ny tr thnh mt khi cu tuyt khng l, c sc tn ph rt ln Ch
thch ca ngi dch.

thc ra, bn ch c c mt kinh nghim tng t nh
vy m thi. Cn tu gic ch thc chnh l s hiu bit
thc s v chn l.

27. Phng tm l mt hot ng t nhin ca tm. Nu c
c xua ui n, tc l chng ta khng chu chp nhn s
t nhin. Khi chp nhn c n, tc l c thi ng
n, th vic quan st tm phng tm s tr nn d dng
hn nhiu. Lc u, c th bn s thng b li theo dng
suy ngh, nhng cng khng sao. Qua thi gian v vi
cng phu thc hnh, bn s bt u quan st c s
phng tm ch nh l "cc suy ngh" v s t b li theo
hn.

28. Khng khng c, chng i, khng mong i, trng
ngng iu g - hy chp nhn mi s nh chng ang l.

29. Phng tm khng thnh vn ; m chnh thi cho
rng khng nn c phng tm mi l vn cn phi gii
quyt. i tng hoc mc khng quan trng; cch
bn nhn nhn hoc quan st mc mi thc s l
quan trng.

30. i tng quan st hay ni bn quan st khng quan
trng; tm chnh nim, hay bit mi l quan trng.

31. Khonh khc no cng u l khonh khc thch hp
hnh thin.

32. Mc ch ca thin Samatha (thin ch) l t n
mt trng thi tm nht nh no , trong khi thin
Vipassan (thin minh st)Il mt qu trnh hc hi v

hiu bit.

33. Thin chnh nim c th c so snh nh xem mt
b phim. Bn ch cn ngi ng ra sau, th gin tho mi
v xem phim. Cu chuyn bn ang theo di s m dn
ra mt cch t nhin - v mc bn hc hi c bao
nhiu s ph thuc vo mc hiu bit ca chnh bn.

34. Nu khng c thi ng n th d cch ny hay
cch khc, tm bn cng s b phin no, nhim .

35. Tu gic t n th chng c g l quan trng; iu
quan trng thc s l tu gic c em li s chuyn
ho trong tm bn hay khng, c th gip bn x l
nhng tnh hung tng t trong tng lai m khng b
phin no chi phi.

36. Khi tm c phin no, bn phi nhn bit r s c mt
ca chng. Nhng iu quan trng khc l cng phi bit
khi tm mnh khng cn phin no.

37. S hiu bit khng phi ch theo mt chiu nht nh.
Bn c th hiu s vic theo nhng cch khc nhau,
nhng tng mc khc nhau v t nhng gc khc
nhau.

38. Tr tu thin v thin, nhng khng b dnh mc vo
thin. N xa lnh bt thin, nhng khng chng i v
chi b. Tr tu nhn bit s khc nhau gia iu thin,
iu li ch vi nhng g v ch v bt thin, v thy r
nhng iu v ch v bt thin l khng ng mong
cu.

39. V minh c th lm cho bn thy mi th o in-
in o; thy sai thnh ng, v ng li thnh sai.

40. Thng thng, trnh n hoc chy trn kh khn
khng cn nhiu n lc v s kho lo lm. Nhng lm
vy bn s khng kim tra c nhng gii hn ca mnh
v trng thnh ln. Kh nng ng ph vi kh khn l
iu ti cn thit i vi s trng thnh ca chng ta.
Tuy nhin, trong mt tnh hung c qu nhiu kh khn
p o, th trc mt bn nn li li mt cht v ch i
cho n khi tch lu sc mnh ng ph vi n mt
cch thun thc v kho lo.

41. Mc ch ca s tu tp l pht trin tr tu. Tr tu
ch c th pht trin c khi chng ta nhn bit c
phin no, hiu r phin no v vt qua c phin no.
kim tra th gii hn ca mnh v trng thnh ln,
bn phi t cho mnh c hi i din vi phin no.
Khng i mt vi nhng th thch ca cuc i, tm
bn s mi mi yu hn.

42. Pht trin chnh nim l mt hnh trnh c cuc i.
Khng cn thit phi vi vng hay bn khon, lo lng
iu g c. iu quan trng l phi thc hnh ng cch,
nh vy bt c iu g bn hc hi c cng u hu
dng trong cuc sng hng ngy, ch khng ch trong
khun kh ca thin vin.

43. Cng c thy c iu g , bn s cng khng
th nhn r c n. Ch khi bn th gin, thoi mi th
mi c th thy c mi s nh chng ang l. Ngi

khng c tm kim iu g c, s thy c nhiu hn.

44. Chnh nim mnh khng phi l mt loi quyn
nng. Chnh nim mnh khi phin no khng c mt, khi
bn c thi ng n.

45. Phi hay bit mnh ang quan st vi thi nh th
no. Ch mi quan st thi th khng .

46. Nu cm gic au n bn ang phi chu ng l do
mt chn thng hoc ri lon no trong c th th
phi thn trng, ng cho n tr nn nng hn.

47. C nhng lc, khi mi vic tr nn kh khn, tm rt
min cng quan st v hnh thin. Tu thuc vo kh
nng v trng thi tm ca bn lc m bn c th hoc
l tip tc thc hnh hoc l dng li v ngh ngi mt
cch chnh nim.

48. Trong cuc sng, bn cn phi hc cch khng mong
i bt c s n p no i vi nhng iu mnh
lm cho ngi khc. Vi chnh nim cng vy, bn cn
phi hc cch khng mong i bt c kt qu hay kinh
nghim tt p no n vi mnh.

49. iu quan trng hng u l phi nhn din c thi
ng mn ca mnh lm suy yu, khng cho n ln
mnh ln. Tr tu ch c th sanh khi khi ng mn b dp
b.

50. Nm gi, chp th vo mt nh kin c sn rng tu
gic th phi nh th ny th n, l iu rt nguy him,

bi v n s lm ng mn tng trng khi bn c c
mt kinh nghim no ging ging nh ci mnh ngh.
Bn cht ca chn l l lun nm ngoi mi quan im
v t tng. Quan im v t tng ch l nhng sn
phm ca v minh m thi.

51. ng b hp, hn ch s thc hnh ca mnh trong
khun kh ca thin vin; hy p dng n vo trong cuc
sng hng ngy. Khi bn ri thin vin, hy mang s thc
hnh i theo cng vi bn.

52. Nu tm bn thc s vng vng, mnh m, khi tip
xc vi mt i tng, n s khng nh gi, phn xt;
m s thu hiu i tng nh n ang l.

53. Hy c gng thng xuyn quan st cch tm mnh
x l mt tnh hung kh khn nh th no, quan st t
cng nhiu gc khc nhau cng tt. Mt khi bn
hiu c cch thc hot ng ca tm, tr tu s bt u
thc hin cng vic ca n mt cch t nhin. Ln sau,
nu bn i mt vi mt tnh hung tng t, tr tu s
ngn khng cho bn phn ng mt cch di dt na. Tr
tu bit s phi lm g.

54. Khi mi bt u quan st suy ngh, bn khng th
nhn ra chnh l tm. Bn ch hay bit c s suy
ngh v ni dung ca suy ngh . Qua qu trnh thc
hnh, bng cch lin tc quan st, bn s hiu c rng
chnh l tm ang suy ngh. Rt kh din t c iu
ny bng ngn t. Nhng mt khi lm c, bn s
quan st c tm mnh mt cch khch quan. Bn ch
cn nhn bit n nh l nhng suy ngh xut hin trong

tm m thi. Hy hc cch nhn din suy ngh mi khi
chng khi sanh. ng c trnh n n bng cch kh kh
gi cht chnh nim trn thn m thi; lm vy bn s
mt c hi hiu c cch thc hot ng thc s ca
tm mnh nh th no.

55. Khi chnh nim ca bn mnh v lin tc, mt cch
t nhin, bn s bt u quan st c cc i tng vi
t. Kh nng chnh nim trn nhng mc vi t s lm
cho sc mnh ca chnh nim tng trng, do s gip
bn quan st c nhng mc vi t hn na. Kh nng
quan st mc vi t s pht trin mt cch dn dn; bn
khng th t c iu bng cch t p buc mnh
chnh nim hay c gng ht sc quan st chng.
(Ch : Chnh nim mnh c dng din t mt
trng thi tm trong c ng cn: Tn, Tn, Nim,
nh, Tu cn bng vi nhau; l mt trng thi tm
t c qua qu trnh thc hnh bn b v lin tc).

56. Chnh nim th khng kh. Ci kh l lm sao duy tr
c chnh nim mt cch lin tc. t c iu
ny, bn cn phi c chnh tinh tn. Chnh tinh tn n
gin ch l s kin tr thc hnh u n.

57. Th gin thoi mi v t tm trong mt khun kh
thch hp l iu quan trng hng u. Mi th cn li s
n sau. Nhn bit c mnh c ch tm mt cch thch
hp hay khng cn quan trng hn l c c nhng
trng thi an lc hay mt thi to thin "tt p".

58. Nu ln no ngi thin bn cng bun ng th tc l
bn ang nui dng mt thi quen xu. V vy, mi khi

bt u thy bun ng th hy m mt ra. Nu vn cn
bun ng na, hy ng dy v i kinh hnh. Ngi hay i
khng thnh vn ; iu quan trng l tm phi lun
lun tnh thc.

59. Chnh tinh tn l lun t nhc nh mnh chnh nim.
Chnh tinh tn khng phi l dn sc, gng mnh tp
trung su vo mt mc.

60. Nu bn b mt mi vo bui ti, cui ngy hnh
thin, th c th l trong ngy bn tiu tn qu nhiu
nng lng. qun tnh ca s thc hnh s gip bn
thy cng lc cng ti tnh ch khng mt mi, d di
nh vy. V vy, ng dng sc qu mc c gi chnh
nim; ch cn n gin t nhc mnh chnh nim l .

61. Khi nhm mt hnh thin, bn c cm tng rng suy
ngh t nhin n rt nhiu. Song thc ra tm mnh lc
no cng suy ngh nh vy c. Bn ch khng nhn ra
c iu , bi v khi m mt bn ch n cc i
tng bn ngoi nhiu hn l n cc suy ngh trong tm.

62. duy tr cc k nng t c, bn cn phi tip
tc thc hnh, mi da chng. Phi thc hnh lin tc.
C gng thc hnh bt c ch no, vi tt c kh nng
ca mnh. Hy kin tr, u n v khng ph hoi
nhng g mnh hc hi c.

63. Nu c chnh nim, hy hoan h rng mnh ang c
chnh nim. l thi ng n. Do vy, khi i mt
vi phin no v c chnh nim, bn hy hoan h rng
mnh ang c chnh nim, hay bit n, ngay c khi n

vn khng chu bin mt. Ch cn c chnh nim, nhn
din c phin no l bn ang thc hnh rt tt ri .

64. Phin no cng l Php. ng chi b hay xua ui
n. C thin sinh rt tht vng khi thy phin no bin
mt qu nhanh. Khng phi bi v c y mun c phin
no, m bi v c mun hc hi v hiu chng hn na.
y chnh l thi cn phi c khi i din vi phin
no.

65. Hy c gng nhn thc r: phin no n gin ch l
phin no; chng khng phi l phin no "ca ti". Mi
khi bn t ng ho mnh vi chng hay chi b chng,
bn ch cng lm tng thm sc mnh cho chng m thi.

66. Lun ghi nh rng khng phi l bn on tr phin
no m chnh l tr tu lm vic . Khi c chnh nim
min mt, tr tu s hin by mt cch t nhin.

67. Khi c ngi ly trm ca bn, ng c ni rng
mnh chng quan tm, rng l mt cch b th cho
ngi. ch l mt tr la o ca tm tr. Hy nhn
bit v chp nhn s bc bi ca bn i! Ch khi bn c
th quan st s tc gin mt cch trc tip v thu hiu
c n, khi bn mi c th hon ton dt b c.

68. Vic chng nghim c mt trng thi yn tnh,
vng lng khng quan trng. iu quan trng hn l phi
bit v hiu c l do ti sao c c trng thi vng
lng y sanh ln, v ti sao lc khc n li khng sanh.

69. thy bit s tht, bn phi c can m. Mun tm

n s tht, bn phi bt tay vo hnh thin, phi c
chnh nim, bit mnh. Vic u tin bn phi nhn din
r rng l nhng phin no trong tm mnh. y l iu
c bn. Tt c chng ta u mun l ngi tt v do
chng ta thng c xu hng ch thy v ch th hin cho
ngi khc thy nhng mt tt ca mnh. Nu khng chu
i din vi phin no, rt cuc chng ta s ch t "la
di" chnh bn thn mnh v ngi khc. Nu mun thay
i thnh ngi tt, bn phi thy ra c nhng ci xu
ca mnh. Khi bn thy c mnh mt cch thc t,
nhn thc r c mt tt ln thi xu, l lc bn ang
thc hnh rt tt.

70. c Pht khng bo chng ta ng suy ngh, ni
nng hay hnh ng; m Ngi dy chng ta phi ngh,
phi ni, phi lm vi tr tu, ch khng b phin no
git dy, thao tng.

71. Khi ni chuyn, chng ta thng c thi quen hng
tm ra bn ngoi hoc b li theo cu chuyn v ngi
mnh ang ni chuyn. Hu nh trong mi lc, chng ta
thng qu quan tm n cc cm xc, tnh cm ca
ngi khc. Hy t hun luyn mnh lun nhn vo bn
trong; dn dn t nhin bn s lm vic ngy mt
kho lo hn. Cng phi tp thi quen lun hay bit thi
ca mnh. Ch khi bn khng cn b li cun theo cc
cm xc v tnh cm trong khi giao tip, th tr tu mi
sanh khi. Bn s bit im dng, bit nn chm dt cu
chuyn u, bit iu g nn ni v iu g khng nn
ni, bit cch giao tip m khng b li theo cc cm xc
v tnh cm.


72. Khi quan st mt mc no , bn nn kim tra li
chnh nim ca mnh nhiu ln. Vic s gip bn hay
bit c tm chnh nim - hy hc cch quan st chnh
tm quan st ca mnh.

73. Khi c c cht t kinh nghim thin tp, bn s
bt u cho rng th l mnh hiu v thin. Nhng mt
kt lun vi vng nh vy s ch lm cn tr, khng cho
bn o su, mi sc thm tr tu ca mnh m thi.

74. Khi kinh nghim thin tp ca bn m rng v su
sc hn, bn s c xu hng kt lun v bn cht ca
kinh nghim mnh c. Thm ch bn cn t cho l
mnh hiu c mt chn l c bn no , nh l v
thng chng hn. Loi "gi tng", "cho l" ny s ngn
cn bn nhn su hn na v s lm chng ngi cho s
tin b ca bn.

75. Nu bn c th nhn ra c nhng xung lc vi t
trong tm, th bn cng s thy ra c nhng ng c vi
t ng sau chng v nhn ra rng hu ht nhng ng c
ny u l phin no.

76. ng quyt nh trc l mnh s ngi thin trong
bao lu; iu s to ra mt s cng thng, mt sc p
v thi gian i vi bn. ng g p mnh theo chng
trnh hnh thin ca thin vin mt cch qu nghim tc.
Ch cn n gin t nhc nh mnh duy tr chnh nim
lin tc trong mi t th.

77. Khi ham tin b, bn s khng hon ton chnh nim
c trong hin ti. l l do ti sao vic thng xuyn

kim tra li thi hnh thin ca mnh l ht sc quan
trng. Mt thin sinh ni, anh nhn ra rng chnh s hng
hi mun p dng thi ng n mt cch lin tc ca
mnh li l mt thi sai lm.

78. Mi nh (tc ) u i km vi mt ng c. Hu
ht cc ng c y chnh l phin no. Ch khi bn hon
ton nhn r v thu hiu c phin no th tr tu mi
sanh khi. By gi, chnh tr tu s l ng c lm sanh
khi tc ca bn.

79. Tc khng ch din ra trc mi hnh ng hay mi
ng tc. Tc cn c trong sut qu trnh hnh ng,
trong ton b ng tc . Thm ch mi khonh khc
bn ngi cng u c s tc . y l iu quan trng
cn phi nh.

80. Mt khi thy c s nguy him ca cc phin
no, bn s ch mun gi tm mnh lun trong trng
thi tch cc, tnh thc nht n mc c th.

81. Bn cht ca tm l lun lun tip xc vi i tng,
do bn khng cn phi gia cng c bit c gng
thy c n. Ch cn hay bit nhng g ang hin hu
v khng c thy cho c ci m bn cho l i tng
(hoc mc) ng n cn phi thy. Khng cn thit
phi kim sot hay iu khin kinh nghim ca mnh.

82. Khi bt u hnh thin, ngi ta thng c xu hng
nh sn trong u mt trnh t, hay mt o l thc hnh
nht nh no . Thc ra khng cn phi lm hay to ra
mt ci g ht. Bn ch cn pht trin chnh nim lin tc,

quan st v theo di. Th l . Bn khng th bt mi
vic phi din ra c, nhng khi pht trin chnh nim
mt cch ng n th mi vic s t ng din ra. S
hiu bit sanh ln cng theo cch y nh vy, d l
nhng hiu bit n gin hay su sc, hay thm ch ngay
c o qu cng th.

83. Bn ch c th gieo nhn ch khng th to qu. Bn
khng th t c iu mnh mun ch bng cch nhm
nhm ngh n n. Khng th ch c gng tp trung m
pht trin c tm nh. Bn cn phi bit cch pht
trin nh tm nh th no cho ng. Khi chnh nim
c p dng lin tc cng vi thi ng n th nh
tm s tng trng. Thc ra ci bn c th lm c ch
l t nhc nh mnh chnh nim v kim tra li xem mnh
c lm iu vi thi ng n hay khng m thi.
Ni cch khc, khi bn c Chnh tinh tn v Chnh nim
th Chnh nh s n mt cch t nhin. Nu hiu c
mi quan h nhn qu, bn s bit cch ng ph vi bt
c hon cnh no. Lun lun t hi xem mnh hiu
c nhn duyn no l cn thit t c kt qu
mong mun hay cha. Ri sau hy bi p cho cc
nhn duyn y tr nn y , vin mn. Bn cn phi c
chnh kin ng n nh th.

84. Chnh nim l khng qun hay bit mc ng n,
thch hp; chnh tinh tn l kin tr, bn b thc hnh u
n; chnh nh l s tnh lng, n nh ca tm. mc
ng n chnh l iu bn ang kinh nghim, nh l
cm gic gin d chng hn- ch KHNG PHI l
ngi m bn ang gin.


85. ng thc hnh mt cch qu nghim tc, hy thc
hnh mt cch bnh lng v trn trng.

86. Nu ngh rng mnh ang quan st mt vic lp i lp
li, bn s thy nhm chn. Tuy nhin, nu nhn k hn
vo i tng, bn s hiu c rng khng c hai
khonh khc no l ging ht nhau c. Ci lm bn chn
chnh l ci suy ngh cho rng mnh ang quan st cng
mt s vic y ht nhau. Trong thc t, khng c ci g l
ging ht nhau c, mi khonh khc u lun mi m.
Khi thc s thy c iu ny, tm bn s lun hng
th vi bt c iu g mnh quan st. Khng c pht giy
no l nhm chn, bi v kinh nghim s cho thy r: mi
s u khng ngng bin dch.

87. T tng c nh hng n cch cm nhn ca bn.
Cch bn nhn nhn hnh ng ca mnh nh th no l
iu rt quan trng.

88. Ngi hiu c li ch ca tu tp s khng bao gi
ngng tu tp. Ngi ngng li ch n gin l v khng
hiu c php hnh mt cch y .

89. Bt c khi no bn cm thy l khng bit phi lm
g, th hy ch i. ng lm bt c vic g lc c.

90. Chnh nim l khi tm bn c y s hay bit!

91. Chnh nim cn c thi gian pht trin; khi mi tu
tp bn phi lun t nhc mnh chnh nim, nhng khi
c c qun tnh, bn s duy tr c s hay bit mt
cch t nhin. Bn khng th p buc chnh nim phi

tr nn mnh c. Ch bng cch chnh nim lin tc
th mi to c qun tnh cho n.

92. Khi tm thanh tnh, an lc v qun bnh, bn s pht
hin c ngay lp tc bt c s cng thng no xy ra
trn thn, c gy ra bi ngay c nhng phin no rt vi
t.

93. hiu c phin no, bn phi quan st chng
nhiu ln. Nu ch c c hay ch mong i c c
nhng kinh nghim tt n vi mnh th c li ch g?
Cn nu bn hiu c bn cht ca phin no, chng s
tan bin ngay tc khc. Mt khi bn gii quyt c
phin no th cc kinh nghim tt p s n mt cch t
nhin. Hu ht cc thin sinh u mc phi sai lm l
mong i nhng kinh nghim tt thay v phi c gng
lm vic vi chnh cc phin no.

94. i khi bn s c cm gic l vic gi chnh nim,
hay bit cc mc tht l lng ph thi gian. Quan im
ny hon ton sai lm. Mu cht ca php hnh chnh l
t thn ni chnh nim, ch khng phi l mc.
Khi c chnh nim l bn ang i ng hng.

95. Hy hc cch quan st phin no ch nh l phin
no, ch khng phi l "ti ang b phin no".

96. Cn phi chp nhn tnh cht ca chnh nim nh n
ang l. Kh khn thng ny sinh khi bn chp vo mt
nh kin cho rng chnh nim l phi nh vy nh vy.
Khng chp nhn tnh cht ca chnh nim, tc l bn
ang c thi sai lm v ri rt c th bn s c gng

phn u c c mt kinh nghim no do tr
tng tng ra.

97. Mun tm c trng thi cn bng ng n, bn
phi tri nghim qua v hiu c th no l cc cc
oan .

98. chnh nim bn khng cn thit phi n lc tht
nhiu. Khi sng trong hin ti l ta c chnh nim v
nhng g ang din ra. Ch n gin t nhc mnh lun
sng trong hin ti- l tt c n lc bn cn c gi
chnh nim.

99. Khi chnh nim c qun tnh, chnh nim v
tm chnh nim s duy tr c tin .

100. Khi tm tnh lng v an lc, v lc khng c
mc no ni bt quan st c, th bn hy nhn c hi
nhn bit r tnh cht v sc mnh ca chnh nim.

101. Khi trng thnh trong php hnh, bn s c th
gii quyt c cc tnh hung kh khn, n gin bi v
bn hiu c nhng nhn duyn ng sau chng.
Hiu c cc iu kin to duyn s gip bn gii quyt
c nguyn nhn ca n. Ti sao khng ly chnh nhng
hon cnh kh khn ny lm c hi mnh hc hi?

102. iu quan trng l phi nhn ra c nhng iu
mnh thng on nh, gi tng. Chng c da trn
nhng quan kin sai lm, v s ngn cn khng cho bn
thy c bn cht thc s ca mi vic.


103. Thin minh st (Vipassan) lun li li ng sau
nhn mi vic mt cch r rng hn, trong khi thin an
ch nh (Samatha) th chm lng, th nhp vo trong
mc. Bc lui li mt cht v quan st s gip cho tr tu
sanh khi.

104. Lc u bn khi s hnh thin bng cch gi chnh
nim. Nhng khi thun thc trong vic a tm v vi
hin ti, bn c th bt u quan st v tm hiu xem
mnh ang chnh nim v ci g.

105. Suy ngh trong tm. An lc cng trong tm. Hiu
c iu ny s gip bn quan st chng nh l nhng
i tng ca tm hn l mt ci g ca ring mnh,
mt ci g "ca ti". Nu bn khng thy rng an lc
ch n gin l mt trng thi ca tm th bn s b li
theo v m chm trong .

106. Kim tra li thi ca mnh cng chnh l chnh
nim.

107. Nu bn mt hng th hnh thin hoc cm thy
mnh khng bit thc hnh nh th no, ch vi hong
ln, ng c t p buc mnh phi hnh thin. Ch cn t
nhc nh mnh v th gin, bung lng ra. Sau mt thi
gian, hng th hnh thin s quay tr li mt cch t
nhin. C gng gng p vo lc s ch lm mi vic
xu i thm m thi.

108. Khi c cm gic chng i, khng c khi ln trong
tm, hy hc cch cm nhn n mt cch trc tip.


109. C nhiu ngi rt min cng khi phi i din vi
cc kinh nghim xu trong qu trnh thin tp. Song bn
li thng hc hi c t cc kinh nghim xu nhiu
hn l t nhng kinh nghim tt; thc t, nhng hiu bit
su sc li thng sanh khi trong khi lm vic vi chnh
cc kinh nghim xu ny! Bn hy hc cch chp nhn c
kinh nghim tt ln kinh nghim xu.

110. C mt s kin thc l thuyt v php hc l iu
quan trng, nhng bn ch nn chp gi n lng lng
thi. Thng tin hng dn cng vy, ch l gip bn
hnh thin ng n v hiu qu m thi. C gng thc
r v thn trng mi khi bn i n kt lun vi vng v
c c mt kinh nghim no c v trng hp vi l
thuyt. Khi bn thc s hiu bng kinh nghim trc
tip ca mnh, bn s nhn ra s khc bit rt ln gia ci
hiu ban u v l thuyt vi ci hiu ch thc trong
thc t.

111. Bn ch c th quan st nhng g mnh ang kinh
nghim trong hin ti. Bn khng th quan st c
nhng g cha n hay nhng g xy ra trong qu kh.

112. ng can d vo nhng s vic ang din ra. Hy
hc cch ch n thun chnh nim v n m thi.

113. Khi bn chnh nim v tm chnh nim ca mnh,
chnh l lc bn ang hnh thin.

114. Hy tm t la chn mc ca n mt cch t
nhin. Bn ch cn hay bit v tnh cht ca tm chnh
nim ca mnh l .

115. Nu bn c kinh nghim trong vic quan st tm
chnh nim ca mnh, bn s bit chc chn mi khi n
c mt, v ngay c khi tht nim, bn cng hay bit v s
vng mt ca n.

116. Mc d thc hnh chnh nim trong cuc sng hng
ngy l mt iu rt kh, song bn vn phi kin tr thc
hnh. Khng sm th mun, ngay c mt c gng nh b
chnh nim cng s mang n mt s thay i d nhn
thy cho cuc i bn.

117. Tm kim nhng iu m ta cho l mnh thc hnh
thy c n, khng phi l thin chnh nim.
Thin chnh nim ch l hay bit v tt c nhng g ang
n vi bn.

118. Khi bn quan st mt s vic no , ng t ng
ho mnh vi n; ng ngh n nh l "ti" hay "ca ti".
Ch n gin chp nhn n nh l mt iu cn phi bit,
cn phi quan st v thu hiu m thi.

119. Cng vic ca chnh nim ch l hay bit. Cng vic
ca tr tu l phn bit ci g l thin; ci g l bt thin.

120. S chp nhn thc s v x ly l con ca tr tu.

121. Bt c khi no bn c tr tu l bn c chnh nim;
song c chnh nim th khng nht thit l bn c
c tr tu.

122. Phi lun lun thy rng vic kim tra thi ca

mnh trc khi vo ngi thin l mt vic lm quan trng.
Hy tht n gin. Ch ngi v quan st nhng g ang
din ra. bit c mnh ang lm g lc ny c kh
lm khng?

123. Lc mi u th tr tu n chm hn mt cht so
vi chnh nim. Tuy nhin, tri qua thi gian, cng vi
s thc hnh, khi bn pht trin c tr tu th tr tu
s sanh khi ng thi vi chnh nim.

124. Khi mi vic tt p, hy hc cch x ly, khng
dnh mc vi chng. Khi mi vic khng cn thun li,
hy hc cch chp nhn.

125. Lc mi thc hnh, bn c th c cm gic rng c
qu nhiu th cn phi quan st, song khi c chnh
nim th mi vic dng nh tr nn chm li v bn s
c thi gian theo di tt c mi th, v thy c
nhiu chi tit hn. iu ny ging nh vic nhn mt
on tu ang chy. Nu bn ng st ng ray v nhn
on tu chy qua rt nhanh, bn s thy ch yu l s
chuyn ng v khng th nhn c chi tit no ca n.
Nhng khi chnh bn cng ng trn mt on tu khc
chy song song vi vn tc tng ng, th bn s
khng thy c ton th con tu, nhng li c thi
gian nhn k tng chi tit ca n.

126. Nu cm nhn c cc cm gic trn khun mt
mnh khi ngi thin, bn s bit c l mnh c th gin
hay khng. Khi bn ch tm qu mc, n s th hin ra
trn nt mt ca bn. Khi mt ngi thc s th gin,
thoi mi, gng mt s rt trong sng, mm du v tnh

lng.

127. Mt iu bn cn phi ghi nh v phi hiu l khng
bao gi c th tm mnh lang thang. N cn phi c
quan st mt cch lin tc. Nu bn khng chm sc
mnh vn ca mnh, n s mc y c di. Nu bn
khng quan st tm mnh, phin no s tng trng v
nhn rng ra. Tm khng thuc v bn, nhng bn phi
c trch nhim i vi n.

128. Tm phn khch, no nhit s lm suy yu chnh
nim.

129. Tham (lobha) l mt hnh bt thin, mt loi phin
no. Mong mun, c nguyn (chanda) l mt hnh
thin, l s th hin ca tr tu.

130. Hy chnh nim hay bit v trng thi an lc. V
chnh nim c v s hay bit na. Lm nh vy s
gip bn kim tra c xem mnh c b chm m trong
s an lc hay khng, c b dnh mc vo n hay vn
cn hay bit c mnh.

131. Khi c s mong cu, mong i sanh khi trong tm,
hy hc hiu thy c bn cht ca n. Bt c khi
no bn bun bc, tht vng v ai , bt c khi no bn
cm thy mnh chng i li cch thc m mi vic ang
din ra, bn c th oan chn rng: nht nh mnh
mong cu, trng i mt iu g trong .

132. ng b tm tham dn dt bn i. Hy dnh thi
gian hc hi mt cht v tm tham. Ch n cc tnh

cht, c im ca n. Nu bn c b gc ng trc lng
tham hoi th s khng bao gi hiu c bn cht ca n
c.

133. Nhiu ngi tin rng chnh nim mnh l mt loi
nng lc. Thc ra, chnh nim mnh ch n gin l s
chnh nim khng c xao ng, bt an, khng c mong
cu, ch i- mt ci tm khng cn bn khon, lo lng
iu g, tht n gin v bng lng, bit . Khi bn c
c nhng phm cht ny, bn s thc s cm nhn
c s ln mnh ca chnh nim trong mnh. Chnh
nim mnh khng th t c bng cch c gng tht
nhiu hay c tp trung ch tm m c.

134. Khi c xua ui suy ngh, thc ra l bn ang c
gng kim sot chng hn l hc hi hiu bit chng.

135. Khi s hiu bit ca bn v bn cht ca mi s vic
ln mnh, nhng tiu chun gi tr ca bn v cuc
i cng s thay i. Khi thang gi tr ca bn thay i,
nhng u tin ca bn cng thay i theo. Vi nhng
hiu bit nh vy, bn s thc hnh nhiu hn mt cch
t nhin, v iu ny s gip bn thnh cng tt p
trong cuc i.

136. Khi bn hc cch ni chuyn mt cch th gin,
thoi mi v chnh nim, lun hay bit v mi tc ca
mnh, cch ni chuyn ca bn s t b cm xc v tnh
cm chi phi hn.

137. Ch khi bn sn sng v c kh nng quan st c
cc cm xc kh quan st th bn mi c th hc hi

c t chng.

138. Mt ngui tr tu v kho lo c th bin thuc c
thnh thuc cha bnh. Mt thin sinh kho lo c th
chuyn ho cc chng ngi thnh s hiu bit.

139. Trong sut c cuc i, chng ta lao i tm kim v
nm gi, chp th theo thi quen ca mnh. Ch ngi li
v quan st iu ny din ra nh th no li l mt iu
tht kh. Nhng chnh vic ngi li v quan st y mi l
iu ct yu thy c v hiu ra c nhng thi
quen ny.

140. Khi c s dnh mc hay chi b (i tng) trong
tm, bn phi lun lun coi l mc u tin hng
u quan st.

141. Ch khi nhn bit c th no l thi sai lm th
tm mi c th chuyn ho thnh thi chn chnh
c.

142. Khi bn ang c trng thi tm tch cc, iu quan
trng l phi ghi nhn ngay iu . S ghi nhn s lm
tng trng trng thi tm thin ny ca bn.

143. Hy kim tra li thi ca mnh trc khi quan st
trng thi hn trm, bun ng. Nu bn chng c li n
th qu trnh hnh thin ca bn s bin thnh mt trn
chin. Nu bn chp nhn n, bn s thy d c gng
chnh nim hn nhiu.

144. Nu c th quan st mi vic nh chng ang l m

khng phi nim thm, t tn cho chng, th s quan st
s chn thc v hiu qu hn nhiu.

145. Nu bn lin tc hay bit v trng thi th gin,
thoi mi ca mnh th bn s cng tr nn th gin v
thoi mi hn na.

146. Nu bn cm thy thoi mi v an lc khi mt
mnh th bn phi kim tra li thi ca mnh. Nu b
dnh mc vo s c c m khng thc c iu ,
bn s d dng b xo ng, bt an khi s c c ca bn
b e do.

147. Nu ch c chuyn ch vo mt mc l bn ang
t lm phc tp thm s thc hnh ca mnh. nh hng
vo mt mc c ngha l bn mang mt nh kin
rng l mc ng n quan st trong mt thi
gian xc nh no . Nu tm bn chuyn hng sang
mt mc khc, tc l lm vic g l t nhin thay v c
phi tun th theo nh kin ca mnh, th bn s b xo
ng v tan v o tng .

148. Bn khng nn bn tm, lo lng v vic c c
kinh nghim tt hay xu. M ch nn quan tm n thi
ca mnh i vi nhng kinh nghim m thi.

149. Khi bt u thc hnh, bn phi lun t nhc nh
mnh rng suy ngh ch l suy ngh, cm th ch l cm
th. Khi c kinh nghim hn th dn dn bn s hiu
c chn l . Chng no vn cn t ng ho mnh
vi cc suy ngh v cm th , chng hn nh bm vu
vo suy ngh rng "Ti ang suy ngh" hay "Ti ang

cm th", bn s khng th thy c mi s vic nh
chng ang l. Bn s khng th thy c chn l nu
vn cn mang nng t kin, nu vn cn nhn mi vic
qua bc mn v minh nh vy.

150. Nu bn chnh nim hay bit c tt c mi vic
mnh ang lm, tm s t thc c nhng mc gii
hn ca n.

151. Khi suy ngh, ni nng hay hnh ng vi phin
no, chng ta s cn tip tc ln tri mi trong lun hi.
Cng nh vy, nu suy ngh, ni nng hay hnh ng vi
tr tu, chng ta s tm c ng thot ra khi sanh t
lun hi.

152. Bun ng l chuyn rt t nhin. Nu bn c mc
cm ti li khi thy mnh bun ng trong lc hnh thin,
iu y c ngha l bn khng a s bun ng v s tm
mi cch chng li n. y l mt thi sai lm.
Ch cn nhn din v sn sng cho n s bun ng y.
Chng no bn vn quan st c s bun ng vi thi
chn chnh, chng bn vn ang hnh thin.

153. Trong thin minh st, i tng hay mc thin
ch to duyn cho hnh gi pht trin chnh nim, chnh
nh v tr tu. Nu tm khng quan st trung thc m li
phn ng vi i tng di bt c hnh thc phin no
no (tham, sn hoc si), th bn phi bit rng l t
nim, v nh th tr tu s khng th no pht sanh c.

154. ng trnh n i tng hay kinh nghim. Ch nn
trnh b cun vo mng li ri bi ca phin no m

thi.

155. Bn cn phi hiu rng bt c chuyn g xy n,
cng ch l nhng biu hin t nhin ca quy lut nhn
qu. Trc tin, bn hy n nhn mi vic nh n l.
Sau , hy hiu rng s vic ny khng phi l ti hay
ca ti, m ch l s vn hnh ca quy lut t nhin.
Bn cn pht trin tr tu theo chiu hng ny cng sm
cng tt, v chnh s hii bit ny s c kh nng dit tr
phin no.

156. Tm nh (Samdhi) khng phi l s ch tm cng
nhc. Khi trong trng thi an nh, tm s tr nn yn
tnh, qun bnh v th thi.

157. Hnh gi thc hnh thin ch (Samatha) s t chn
cho mnh mt mc no . Hnh gi thc hnh thin
minh st (Vipassan) th quan st s vn hnh ca thn
tm v hay bit nhiu mc khc nhau. Hnh gi thc
hnh thin ch bm cht vo mt mc. Hnh gi thc
hnh thin minh st khng dnh mc vo mt mc no
c. Tr tu ch c th sanh khi khi hon ton khng c
dnh mc.

158. Nu bn bt mn vi s thc hnh ca mnh hay
thc hnh mt cch qu nghim tc, bn s khng th
chng nghim c nim vui v s tnh lng.

159. Nu tm bn bt mn vi vic thc hnh, th nht
nh l bn mong mun mt iu g . C th sau
bn vn c p buc mnh phi tip tc thc hnh t
c n. Nhng iu ny s chng mang li ch li g c.

160. Nu khng hiu c cch thc hnh, bn s khng
th c an lc, vui thch trong php hnh.

161. S thc hnh ng n s mang li nim vui v s
hng th. S thc hnh ng n s mang li li ch v
tim nng sng mt cuc i y ngha.

162. Nu hiu c cch thc hnh v nhng li ch ca
n, bn s khng bao gi nhm chn.


TIP TC THC HNH

hp hnh thin T Nim X c th c p dng
vo trong cuc sng hng ngy. N khng kh cht no
c. Mi ngi thy n kh chng qua bi v h thiu s
thc hnh y . iu quan trng l bn phi c gng
mt cch chn thnh trong s thc hnh ca mnh. Qua
kinh nghim, bn s t mnh thy rng n tht l n
gin. Nu chng ta c c mt thi kin tr v c
gng bn b trong thc hnh nh trong cng vic lm n
hay trong ngh nghip ca mnh, th n s n vi bn d
dng hn nhiu.

Tht khng may l hu ht mi ngi u tin rng
h khng c thi gian nui dng v trn trng
Gio Php; h lun qu bn rn lm n kim sng.
Nhng bn khng nn lo lng v vic phi dnh thi gian
cho s thc hnh; ch cn n gin t nhc nh mnh
chnh nim trong cc cng vic hng ngy ca mnh l
. Hy kin nhn thu hoch uc chnh kin, s hiu
bit ng n cng nh nhng k nng cn thit. Nu bn
thc hnh nhit tm, ht mnh, kin tr v bn b, khng
sm th mun bn s gt hi c nhiu li ch.

Mt khi thc s hiu c li ch ca vic thc
hnh, bn s khng bao gi ngng li; bn s lun tip
tc thc hnh d bt c ni u. Khi bn thc s c
th vn dng Gio Php vo trong cuc sng ca mnh v
bt u thy c s khc bit do n mang li, th khi
tnh cht ca Php s tr nn r rng, hin nhin. Gio

Php s tr nn sng ng v thc s c ngha i vi
bn.

Trng thin ch l mt ni bn hc hi, mt tri
hun luyn hay mt cuc hi tho v chnh nim m thi.
Hy tip tc thc hnh trong cuc sng hng ngy. ng
ngh rng l mt vic lm kh khn. Hy c gng li
nhiu ln. Pht trin chnh nim l cng vic ca c mt
i ngi; khng cn phi vi vng hay lo ngi iu g
c. iu quan trng l bn hc cch thc hnh ng n
c th p dng mt cch hiu qu nhng iu hc
vo trong cuc sng hng ngy. Khi bn c th p
dng nhng iu mnh hc hi vo trong bt k tnh
hung no trong cuc sng, th khi chnh nim ca
bn cn cao siu hn c th chnh nim thu c khi
khoanh tay kinh hnh i li trong thin vin m thi.

Bn s sng hnh phc hn, ho hp v thn i hn
vi mi ngi nu bn c chnh nim, hay bit r rng
bt c vic g mnh lm, bt c ni u. iu ny ch
c th n d dng khi php hnh duy tr c qun
tnh; n ch c c khi c chnh nim t nhin, khi
chnh nim tr thnh mt con ngi th hai ca bn.

Khi bn c c mt kinh nghim mi trong qu
trnh thc hnh, ng din dch n theo nhng iu bn
tng c hay nghe u . Nu nhng hiu bit bn
t c qua kinh nghim l thc, th tu gic hay tr
tu s mang li mt s thay i thc s trong cch nhn
ca bn, thay i nhng thi quen, suy ngh v ngay c
thi ng x ca bn na. Tu gic c gi tr g u nu
n khng gip c cho bn tr nn ngy mt tt p v
hng thng hn, ng khng?

TH NO L THI NG
KHI HNH THIN?

1. Hnh thin l nhn bit v quan st mt cch th gin
bt c iu g din ra d n l d chu hay kh chu.

2. Hnh thin l theo di v ch i mt cch kin nhn
vi chnh nim v hiu bit. Thin KHNG PHI l c
kinh nghim cho c nhng iu bn tng c
c hay nghe u .

3. Ch ch tm vo khonh khc hin ti.
Khng sa ngh ngi v qu kh.
Khng b cun theo cc suy ngh v tng lai.

4. Khi hnh thin, c thn v tm cn phi tht th gin
v thoi mi.

5. Nu thn v tm mt mi, tc l bn ang c sai lm
trong cch thc hnh. y l lc bn cn kim tra, xem
xt li cch hnh thin ca mnh.

6. Ti sao bn phi ch tm qu mc khi hnh thin?
C phi l bn ang mong mun mt iu g chng?
Hay bn mong mun iu g phi din ra?
Hay bn mong mun iu g ng din ra na?
Hy kim tra li xem c phi mnh ang c mt trong
nhng thi ny khng.

7. Nn hnh thin vi mt ci tm th gin v tha mi.
Bn khng th thc hnh c khi tm b cng thng.

8.ng ch tm, tp trung qu mc, ng c kim sot.
Khng cng p, cng ng t b buc, hn ch mnh.

9. ng c to ra iu g c, v cng ng chi b nhng
g ang din ra.
Ch chnh nim hay bit.

10. C gng to ra iu g l tham.
Chi b nhng iu ang din ra l sn.
Khng bit nhng g ang din ra hay khng cn din ra
na, l si.

11. Ch khi no tm quan st khng cn tham, sn hay
xo ng, bt an na th lc bn mi thc s l ang
hnh thin.

12. ng c bt c mt s mong i no c.
Khng mong mun, trng ngng iu g,
Khng bn khon, xao ng,
bi v khi c nhng thi ny trong tm s rt kh hnh
thin.

13. ng c gng buc mi vic phi din ra theo
mun ca mnh. Bn hy c gng hay bit nhng g ang
din ra, nh n ang l.


14. Tm ang lm g?
ang ngh ngi lung tung? Hay ang chnh nim?

15. Tm ang u?
trong? Hay ngoi?

16. Tm theo di hay tm quan st c hay bit mt cch
tng tn, thch ng hay khng, hay ch hay bit mt
cch hi ht?

17. ng hnh thin vi mt ci tm mong cu iu g
hay mun iu g phi xy ra. Lm nh vy bn ch t
lm cho mnh mt mi m thi.

18. Bn phi chp nhn v quan st c kinh nghim tt
ln kinh nghim xu.
Bn ch mun kinh nghim tt thi ?
Bn khng mun c, d ch l mt kinh nghim kh chu
nh nht no ?
iu ny c hp l khng?
Cch thc vn hnh ca Php l nh vy sao?

19. Bn phi kim tra li xem mnh ang hnh thin vi
thi nh th no. Mt ci tm nh nhng v gii thot
s gip bn hnh thin c tt p.
Bn c thi chn chnh hay khng?

20. ng cm thy b quy ry bi tm suy ngh. Khng
phi bn thc hnh ngn chn suy ngh, m nhn r
v hay bit suy ngh mi khi n khi sanh.


21. ng chi b bt c i tng no n trong phm vi
ch ca bn. Hy xt xem c phin no i theo i
tng hay khng, nu c hy thm nghim v quan st
n.

22. mc khng quan trng, tm quan st ang lm
vic pha sau hay bit mc mi thc s quan
trng. Nu bn quan st vi mt thi chn chnh, th
bt c mc no cng l mc ng n cn quan st.

23. Ch khi c c tin (saddha-Tn), tinh tn mi pht
khi.
Ch khi c tinh tn (viriya-Tn), chnh nim mi tr nn
lin tc.
Ch khi chnh nim (sati-Nim) c lin tc, nh tm
mi c thit lp.
Ch khi nh tm (samadhi-nh) c thit lp, bn mi
bt u hiu c mi s nh chng ang l.
Khi bn bt u hiu c mi s nh chng ang l
(pa-Tu) th c tin s li cng tng trng vng
mnh.

______________________

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