Giao An Hoa Hoc 12 Nang Cao Moi

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Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao
Tit 37
Bi : MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM
I. Mc i!" #i $%c: hc sinh nm c
1. Tnh cht ho hc v phng php iu ch !"#$ %&ng i'n ph(n) hi*u c nh+ng
,u t-.nh ho hc /01 -" t-2n cc i'n c3c) vit s 4 v phng t-.nh i'n ph(n
5. !h+ng tnh cht ho hc c6" cc mu7i !"$8#
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h=t Nm) dM nOng ch01) t"n nhiu t-ong
nPc.
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hon ton thnh ion Khi t"n t-ong nPc.
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hc sinh cam 7ng nghi'm) nhbn /ct hi'n tng.
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ph(n Ji cho -" nh+ng ion no) vit pe
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HOT ?NG 8
$di: T-ong th3c t [m f %it !"#$ f cO nh+ng
;ng d<ng g. e
AH: !"#$ c iu ch %&ng phng php i'n
ph(n dung dVch mu7i !"8J.
AH: T-[o s 4 thgng i'n ph(n dung Vch !"8J
v mL t0.
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ph0n ;ng i'n ph(n
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Tit 38
Bi : KIM LOI KIM THC
I1 Mc i!" #i $%c:
51 D; Ei<- $'c:
"W $I %it: vV t-) cu h.nh [) nYng Jng ion ho) s7 o/i ho c6" Kim JoSi Kim thu) mQt
s7 ;ng d<ng c6" Kim JoSi Kim thu.
%W $I hi*u:
- Tnh cht vbt J: t
o
nc v t
o
s tong 7i thp) Kh7i Jng -i2ng nhd.
- Tnh cht ho hc vc t-ng c6" Kim JoSi Kim thu J tnh Khq mSnh nhng 1u hn
wim JoSi Kim) tnh Khq tYng dan tr B[ B".
- \hng php iu ch Kim JoSi Kim thu J i'n ph(n nOng ch01 mu7i cJo-u".
81 D; EF -G-.:
- Bit th3c hi'n th"o tc t du1: vV t-) 8T!T tnh cht pp iu ch.
- Hit ptp ho hc.
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NI JUNG BKI HC HOT ?NG CA GD DK HS
I1 DI 36 : c7" *):
1. HV t- c6" w_wTt-ong %0ng tuan
hon:
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I-) B" v }"Zp/W.
- T-ong m{i chu K. ;ng s"u w_w.
5. cu tSo c6" w_w thu:
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nh+ng ngu12n t7 noe
AH: t-[o BT$.
$I: vit cu h.nh [ c6" xg) 8" cu h.nh [ ngoi
cgng Tp.
$di: cho %it w_wT cO m1 [ ho t-V n&m ^ ph(n JPp
noe /u hPng c6" w_wT t-ong p ho hc.
HOT ?NG 8
AH: $f1 ,u"n st vo %0ng s7 Ji'u
- 8ho %it t
o
nc) t
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s) nhbn /ct e
- Io snh Q c;ng c6" w_w vPi KJ nhOm IIG e
$di: ?o nh+ng 1u t7 no m Kim JoSi nhOm IIG cO
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t
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pnc
pnc
c;ng c"o hn w_w nhng mm hn nhLm
v nh+ng Kim JoSi nhz) v. cO dgtcm
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w_w thu cO tnh Khq mSnh) 1u hn w_w.
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2. T(c /-. :Ni 24i:
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t-ong mQt chu K.) so snh vPi Kim JoSi Kim tnh
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t-ong dung dVch "/ite
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t-ong
cc hp ch(t.
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Tit 39
9

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Bi: MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM THC
I1 Mc i!" #i $%c:
51 v Kin th;c:
- $I hi*u tnh cht ho hc c6" hd-o/it) c"c%on"t)sun"t c6" Kim JoSi Kim thu.
- $I %it: mQt s7 ;ng d<ng ,u"n t-ng c6" mQt s7 htc w_wT
81 v K nYng:
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cht w_wT.
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w_wT %V ph(n hu] Khi un nOng.
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mQt %"R mSnh.
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nPc
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"/it mSnh hn
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cht c6" w_wT.

$I: vit p v -=t -" nhbn /ct.
$di: $f1 nghi2n c;u %0ng tnh t"n c6" cc cht v
cho %it tnh t"nc6" cc mu7i v hid-o/it c6"
w_wT e
HOT ?NG 8
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hoS.
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Tit 40:
Bi: NSTC C9NG
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ch;" c"tion 8"
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c;ng.
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vPi hi s7ng con nghi v s0n /ut.
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) xg
5T
) gi0i phOng !"
T
) $
T
nPc
mm .
no c6" nPc c;ng e
$I: c sgK v th0o Jubn
HOT ?@NG A
Av: !h ch=ng t" f %it nPc c;ng cO ch;"
cc ion 8"
5T
) xg
5T
) vb1 th[o cc [m ng1u2n
tc * Jm mm nPc c;ng J g.e
$di: !Pc c;ng tSm thhi cO ch;" nh+ng mu7i
no e Khi ung nOng th. cO nh+ng ph0n ;ng
ho hc no /01 -" e
- 8O th* dgng nPc vLi t-ong vr" 6 *
t-ung ho mu7i "/it tnh mu7i t-ung
ho KhLng t"n ) Jc %d cht KhLng t"n
c n;c mm.
$di: whi cho dung dVch !"
5
8#
9
) !"
9
\#
|
vo
nPc c;ng tSm thhi hovc vnh cqu th. cO hi'n
tng g. /01 -" e Hit p dPi dSng ion.
HOT ?NG B
Av: ?3" t-2n Kh0 nYng cO th* t-"o ui ion c6"
mQt s7 cht c"o ph(n tq t3 nhi2n hovc nh(n
tSo.
Hd: n"t-i siJic"t
H)* +,-. W: 1W86ng c7 ton %i
5W_m cc %i t(p sgK
Tit 41:
Bi : NH@M
I1 Mc i!" #i $%c:
1. Bit c vV t- c6" nhLm t-ong %0ng tuan hon) %it cu tSo ngu12n tq v %it c cu
h.nh [J[ct-on v s7 [ ho t-V c6" GJ.
2. Bit nh+ng tnh cht vbt J ,u"n t-ng c6" GJ: djn i'n) djn nhi't t7t) nhz v %n.
3. !m c tnh cht ho hc c6" GJ J tnh Khq mSnh) t-ong cc ph0n ;ng ho hc nO dM
%V o/i ho thnh ion cO i'n tch du1 nht J GJ
9T
. gi0i thch c tnh cht n1 v cO Kh0
nYng djn -" c nh+ng ph0n ;ng ho hc * minh hoS tnh Khq mSnh c6" GJ.
4. Tr nh+ng tnh cht vbt J) ho hc c6" GJ) $I su1 -" nh+ng ;ng d<ng ,u"n t-ng.
II1 T& c$'c c(c $)* +,-. /*0 $%c:
I1 DI 36 : c7" *):
1. *7 tr8 c)a nh9/ trong $:ng t#;n
ho%n:

Al
19
: 1s
5
5s
5
5p
9s
5
9p
1
vV t-: chu K. 9) nhOm IIIG
- T-ong chu K. GJ ng s"u xg) t-Pc Ii
- T-ong nhOm IIIG: GJ ng s"u B.
5. C<# t'o c)a nh9/:
HOT ?NG 5
$I: Hit cu h.nh [ c6" nhLm v cho %it vV
t- c6" nhLm t-ong BT$.
AH: T-[o BT$ v 12u cau:
$I: ~c Vnh t-ong m{i chu K. ) nhOm III G)
Kim JoSi nhLm ;ng s"u v t-Pc ngu12n t7
no e
$di: 1W $f1 cho %it nhLm thuQc JoSi ngu12n

t
o
t
o
- _ ngu12n t7 p) cO 9 [ ho t-V. ~u
hPng nhhng 9 [ tSo ion GJ
9T
GJ GJ
9T
T 9[
![9s
5
9p
1
![
- T-ong hp cht nhLm cO s7 o/i ho T9
vd: GJ
5
#
9
) GJ8J
9
- 8u tSo n cht : _\T?
II1 T6-$ c$7 :L M6 cV2 -$XP
ZsgKW
III1 T6-$ c$7 $)( $%c:
o
GJ
9T
tGJ k U1) H: I
1
) I
5
) I
9
thp GJ J Kim
JoSi cO tnh Khq mSnh. Z 1u hn w_w) w_w
thuW
1. Tc "=ng +-i 4hi 5i/: tc d<ng t-3c
tip v mfnh Ji't vPi nhiu phi Kim.
Hd: | GJ T 9#
5
5 GJ
5
#
9
5 GJ T 98J
5
5 GJ8J
9
GJ Khq nhiu phi Kim thnh ion (m .
2. Tc "=ng +-i a>it:
"W HPi cc dung dVch "/it $8J)
$
5
I#
|
Jofng:
Hd: 5GJ T $8J 5GJ8J
9
T 9$
5
5GJ T 9 $
5
I#
|
GJ
5
ZI#
|
W
9
T 9 $
5
\t ion: 5GJ T $
T
5 GJ
9T
T 9$
5

GJ Khq ion $
T
t-ong dung dVch "/it thnh
hid-o t3 do.
%W HPi dung dVch $!#
9
) $
5
I#
|
vc:
- GJ KhLng p vPi $!#
9
vc nguQi)
$
5
I#
|
vc nguQi.
- HPi cc "/it $!#
9
vc nOng) $!#
9
Jofng) $
5
I#
|
vc nOng: GJ Khq c
m +
N
v
+
S
/u7ng nh+ng m;c o/i ho
thp hn.
GJ T $!#
9
GJZ!#
9
W
9
T 9!#
5
T 9$
5
#
GJ T $
5
I#
|

3. Tc "=ng +-i &
2
?:
?o
o
GJ
9T
tGJ
o
$5#t$5 GJ Khq c nPc.
5GJ T $
5
# 5 GJZ#$W
9
T 9 $
5
ph0n ;ng drng JSi nh"nh v cO JPp GJZ#$W
9
KhLng t"n t-ong $
5
# %0o v' JPp nhLm %2n
t-ong.
4. Tc "=ng +-i o>it 5i/ @o'i:
- ^ nhi't c"o) GJ Khq c nhiu ion
Kim JoSi Kcm hoSt dQng hn t-ong o/it
Z [#) 8u#) ...W thnh Kim JoSi t3 do.
Hd: [
5
#
9
T 5 GJ GJ
5
#
9
T 5 [
5 GJ T 9 8u#
ph0n ;ng nhi't nhLm.
A. Tc "=ng +-i $aB: nhLm tc d<ng vPi
dung dVch %"R mSnh: !"#$) w#$)
t7 g. e cO %"o nhi2u [ ho t-V e
5W !hbn /ct g. v nYng Jng ion ho c6"
nhLm tr O cho %it tnh cht c %0n c6"
nhLm v s7 o/i ho c6" nO t-ong cc hp cht
HOT ?NG 8
$I: nghi2n c;u sgK v th0o Jubn -=t -" nh+ng
tnh cht vbt J ,u"n t-ng c6" nhLm.
HOT ?NG >
$di: d3" vo cu tSo ngu12n tq)
o
GJ
9T
tGJ :
!Yng Jng ion ho c0u nhLm) hf1 cho %it
tnh cht ho hc c6" nhLm J g. e
$I: J1 vd v mQt s7 ph0n ;ng c6" nhLm vPi
phi Kim f hc.
- $I /c Vnh s7 o/i ho v v"i t-X c0u
nhLm t-ong ph0n ;ng t-2n.
HOT ?NG A
AH Jm th nghi'm: cho mQt mju nhLm vo
dung dVch $8J) cho $I ,u"n st hi'n tng v
12u cau $I vit ptp /01 -" dSng ph(n tq v
ion thu gn.
$di: 1W GJ cO p c vPi dung dVch $!#
9
vc nguQi) $
5
I#
|
vc nguQie v. s"o e
5W $f1 vit p c6" GJ vPi $!#
9
Jofng) $
5
I#
|
vc) nOng e
HOT ?NG B
$di: 1W 8ho
o
GJ
9T
tGJ
o
$5#t$5 ) vb1 nhLm cO
tc d<ng c vPi nPc KhLng e
5W H. s"o nh+ng vbt %&ng nhLm h&ng ng1 tip
/=c vPi nPc dg ^ nhi't Q c"o nhng KhLng
/01 -" ph0n ;ng e
HOT ?NG W
Av: nhi't Q c"o) GJ cO th* Khq c nhiu
ion Kim JoSi t-ong o/it thnh Kim JoSi t3 do)
ph0n ;ng to0 nhiu nhi't.
$di: $f1 /c Vnh s7 o/i ho c6" cc ph0n
;ng t-2n v cho %i2t JoSi c6" p.
$I: Hit p: GJ T B"Z#$W
5
T $
5
#
s

pnc) /t
8"Z#$W
5
....
vd:5GJ T5!"#$ T$
5
#5!"GJZ#$W
|
T9$
5
n"t-i "Jumin"t
ID1 9-. /-. : YZ- 4"7:
1. .ng "=ng:
2. ,:n >#<t : pu" 5 cLng oSn:
cLng oSn tinh ch ,uvng %o/it
cLng oSn pnc GJ
5
#
9
- * hS nhi't Q nOng ch01 c6" GJ
5
#
9
tr
5nmn
o
8 /u7ng nn
o
8) ho t"n GJ
5
#
9
t-ong c-ioJit ntc.
ptp: GJ
5
#
9
5GJ T 9t5 #
5
HOT ?NG [
$s: !ghi2n c;u nh+ng ;ng d<ng t-ong sgK
AH: T-[o s 4 thgng i'n ph(n GJ
5
#
9
nOng
ch01.
$I: pu"n st) mL t0 cc phan c6" thgng i'n
ph(n v vit cc ,u t-.nh /"1 -" tSi i'n c3c.
$#ET >!A l: 86ng c7: %i tbp 1)5 t sgK
Tit 42:
Bi: MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA NH@M
I. Mc i!" #i $%c :
1. !m c tnh cht ho hc ,u"n t-ng c6" GJ
5
#
9
J cht Jing tnh v djn -" c nh+ng
ph0n ;ng ho hc * minh h" nh+ng tnh cht n1.
2. !m c nh+ng tnh cht c6" GJZ#$W
9)
O J :
aC Tnh cht Jing tnh) gi0i thch v djn -" c nh+ng ph0n ;ng monh hoS.
$C Tnh cht KhLng %n 7i vPi nhi't
3. Hbn d<ng nh+ng Kin th;c ttung hp v tinh cht ho hc c6" GJ) GJ
5
#
9
v GJZ#$W
9
* J gi0i
hi'n tng mQt vbt %&ng nhLm %V ph hu] t-ong mLi t-hng Kim.
4. Bit cch ph(n %i't nh+ng hp cht c6" nhLm) hp cht c6" nhLm vPi Kim JoSi nhOm IG.
IIG.
II1 T& c$'c c(c $)* +,-. /*0 $%c:
I1 N$XP )4i: AM
8
O
>
1. T8nh ch<t +Dt @8 +% tr'ng thi tE
nhiFn:
- _ cht -n mu t-ng) KhLng t"n v
KhLng tc d<ng vPi nPc.t
o
ntc
5nnn
o
8
- T-ong vd ,u0 t) GJ
5
#
9
t4n tSi ^ cc
dSng s"u:
T Tinh th* GJ
5
#
9
Kh"n J ,u -t c;ng:
co-inddon t-ong su7t) KhLng mu.
T -u%iZh4ng ngcW: mu d
T s"phi": mu /"nh.
2. T8nh ch<t ho hc:
aC G@
2
?
3
@% hH4 ch<t r<t $In:
- GJ
5
#
9
J hp cht ion) ^ dSng tinh th*
nO -t %n v mvt ho hc) t
o
ntc k
5nmn
o
8.
- 8c cht: $
5
) 8) 8#) KhLng Khq c
GJ
5
#
9
.
$C G@
2
?
3
@% ch<t @Jng t8nh:
- Tc d<ng vPi "/it mSnh:
GJ
5
#
9
T $8J 5GJ8J
9
T 9 $
5
#
GJ
5
#
9
T $
T
5GJ
9T
T 9 $
5
#
HOT ?NG 5
$di: $c sinh ,u"n st mju 3ng GJ
5
#
9
) nhbn
/ct cc hi'n tng vbt J.
- T-ong t3 nhi2n GJ
5
#
9
t4n tSi ^ nh+ng
dSng noe
- -u%i v s"phi") hi'n n"1 f iu ch
nh(n tSo.
HOT ?NG 8
Av: ThLng %o) ion GJ
9T
cO i'n tch JPn n2n
J3c h=t gi+" ion GJ
9T
v ion #
5U
-t mSnh) tSo
-" Ji2n Kt t-ong GJ
5
#
9
-t %n v+ng.
AH: _m th nghi'm: cho GJ
5
#
9
tc d<ng vPi
dung dVch $8J) !"#$) cho hc sinh ,u"n st
hi'n tng.
$I: Hit cc phng t-.nh ph0n ;ng /01 -"
wt Jubn tnh cht c6" GJ
5
#
9
8W ong d<ng c6" GJ
5
#
9
:
l

t
o
8O tnh cht c6" o/it %"R.
- Tc d<ng vPi cc dung dVch %"R
mSnh:
G_
5
#
9
T5!"#$ T 9$
5
# 5!"GJZ#$W
|

GJ
5
#
9
T5#$
U
T 9$
5
# 5GJZ#$W
|
U
8O tnh cht c6" o/it "/it .
II1 N$XP $i/3)4i: AM\OHR
>
.
1. T8nh ch<t ho hc:
"W T8nh $In +-i nhiKt:
5 GJZ#$W
9
GJ
5
#
9
T 9 $
5
#
$C L% hH4 ch<t @Jng t8nh:
U Tc d<ng vPi cc dung dVch "/it mSnh:
9 $8J T GJZ#$W
9
GJ8J
9
T 9 $
5
#
9 $
T
T GJZ#$W
9
GJ
9T
T 9 $
5
#
- Tc d<ng vPi cc dung dVch %"R mSnh
:
GJZ#$W
9
T !"#$ !"GJZ#$W
|

GJZ#$W
9
T #$
U
GJZ#$W
|
U
- !h+ng 4 vbt %&ng nhLm %V ho t"n
t-ong dung dVch !"#$) 8"Z#$W
5
..J
do :
mng %0o v':
GJ
5
#
9
T5!"#$ T 9$
5
# 5!"GJZ#$W
|

5 GJ T $
5
# 5 GJZ#$W
9
T 9 $
5
GJZ#$W
9
T !"#$ !"GJZ#$W
|

III1 N$XP Y"-]2: AM
8
\SO
A
R
>
1
pu"n t-ng J phyn chu":
8Lng th;c ho hc: w
5
I#
|
.GJ
5
ZI#
|
W
9
.5|$
5
#
$"1 wGJZI#
|
W
5
.15$
5
#
9-. /-.: \hyn chu" c dgng t-ong cLng
nghi'p thuQc d") 8! gi1....
U $I nghi2n c;u sgK v cho %it cc ;ng d<ng
c6" nhLm o/it.Zs/ nhLm) Jm 4 t-"ng s;c...W
HOT ?NG >
AH: GJZ#$W
9
J hp cht K[m %n 7i vPi
nhi't) %V ph(n hu] Khi un nOng. $f1 vit
phng t-.nh ph0n ;ng /01 -" e
AH: _m th nghi'm:
?ung dVch $8J
GJZ#$W
9
?ung dVch !"#$
GJZ#$W
9
$I: pu"n st hi'n tng /01 -" v vit
phng t-.nh ph0n ;ng ch;ng minh hi'n tng
O.
$di: H. s"o nh+ng vbt %&ng nhLm KhLng t"n
nPc nhng %V ho t"n t-ong dung dVch
!"#$ e
HOT ?NG A
$di: H. s"o phyn chu" cO th* Jm t-ong nPc
<c e
HOT ?NG B: 86ng c7: %i tbp 1)5 tsgK
Tit 43:
LUYEN TAP
TNH CHAT CUA KL KIEM VA KL KIEM THO VA
NHOM
I. Muc tieu!
". Kie#$ t%&'c!
- Hieu c moi quan he gia kim loai kiem va kim loai kiem
tho, nhom ve cau tao nguyen t, t!nh chat hoa" hoc cua
n chat va h# chat$
(. K) $*+$,%
- &o 'a"nh cau h(nh elect)on, na*ng lng ion hoa", ien t!ch ion,
'o o+i hoa" cua mot 'o nguyen to tieu ,ieu la -a, .g va
/l e thay c ' kha"c nhau va giong nhau gia chu"ng$
- &o 'a"nh the ien cc chuan gia ca"c kim loai e thay
c ' giong nhau va kha"c nhau gia chu"ng$

- &o 'a"nh t!nh ,a0 gia ca"c h# chat hi)o+it gia ca"c kim
loai t)en$ 1iet 23HH$
II. C%u*-$ ./!
41% 5huan ,6 mot 'o ,ang e hoc 'inh ghi tie# kien th"c
ma ca"c em a c hoc
III0 C*'c %1*t 213$, t4e$ 56'7!
41% neu muc !ch cua ,ai luyen ta#$
41% tien hanh #ha"t ca"c #hieu hoc ta# cho tng nho"m va yeu
cau ca"c em viet ca"c kien th"c ma #hieu hoc ta# yeu
cau , 'au o" ai 7ien cua tng nho"m len t)(nh ,ay #han
kien th"c cua to m(nh$ 3)"c l"#
41% h"ng 7a8n ca"c em t)(nh ,ay va chot lai ca"c kien th"c can
nh"$
8AI TAP!
41% &au khi on lai kien th"c can nh" gv yeu cau hoc 'inh giai ,ai
ta#
1! 7u%
9$ Hay neu #hng #ha"# hoa" hoc nhan ,iet %
a$ : kim loai% /l, .g, -a
,$ : o+it% /l
;
<
:
, .g<, -a
;
<
c$ : hi)o+it% /l<H
:
, .g=<H>
;
, -a<H
7$ : muoi )a?n% -a5l, /l5l
:
, .g5l
;
;$ Hay neu iem chung ve #hng #ha"# ieu che kim loai kiem,
kim loai kiem tho, nhom$ @ay v! 7u minh hoa, viet 23HH
:$ gv chon ,ai ta# ;, :, A &4B e hoc 'inh lam tai l"#$
A$ 41 cho mot ,ai ta# lien quan en : kim loai t)en
C$ 41 a"nh gia" ket qua ,ang t)a li cua tng nho"m va cho
iem tng nho"
Tit 44
8*9i :;! 8AI TH<=C HANH >O ?
I. Muc tieu!
- 5ung co kien th"c ve mot 'o t!nh chat hoa" hoc cua -a,
.g, /l va h# chat cua nhom.
- tie# tuc )en luyen kD na*ng thao ta"c, quan 'a"t va giai th!ch
hien tng t)ong th! nghiem
II. C%u*-$ ./ @u$, cu!
Au$, cu t%B $,%ie3C H1*' c%*#t
M 5oc thuy tinh CEEml% :
M <ng h(nh t)u co" e% 9
M <ng nghiem % C
M 2he8u thuy tinh c nho % 9
M <ng hu"t nho giot% :
M 4ia" e ong nghiem% 9
M Fua thuy tinh% 9
M Be# kim loai% 9
M -a
M .g 'i hoaGc ,a*ng 7ai
M /l la"
M Hung 76ch 5u&<
A
aGc
M Hung 76ch /l
;
=&<A>
:
aGc
M Hung 76ch -a<H
M Hung 76ch H
;
&<
A
hoaGc H5l$
III. C*'c %1*t 213$, t%&c %*9$%!
5hia hoc 'inh theo I nho"m thc hanh, mo8i nho"m t C J K em
T%B $,%ie3C "! 2han "ng cua -a, .g, /l v"i n"c$
5huan ,6 va tien hanh th! nghiem a, , nh &4B a viet
". N* t*'c @u$, D6'i $&6'c 6E $%ie3t 213 t%&69$,!
1n

- 3ien hanh th! nghiem nh &4B
- 5an lu y" cho hoc 'inh%
- 5an aGt ong h(nh t)u t)ong coo thuy tinh CEEml$ Fo n"c
vao coc cho en khi mc n"c 7ang len t)ong ong h(nh t)u
chL ca"ch me"# 7"i cua nu"t cao 'u chng 9cm$ -haMm muc
!ch%
N Fam ,ao an toan hn 7o ' tao thanh ho8n h# kh! no
= H
;
m"i tao thanh va o+i cuakhong kh! co" 'aOn t)ong
ong h(nh t)u> giam i nhieu$
N 3iet kiem hoa" chat$
- <ng ot H
;
#hai co" au vuot nhon$
- Fe n gian hn ta co" the thc hien #han "ng t)ong mot
th! nghiem $ aGt ong nghiem t)en gia" e ong nghiem va
)o"t n"c vao ong cho en khi mc n"c ca"ch nu"t 7"i
nu"t cao 'u chng 9cm$
Hung ke# 'a?t cho vao ong nghiem mieng -a ,aMng P hat
au +anh$ .ot tay ay nhanh mieng nu"t cao 'u co" ong 7a8n
kh! +uyen qua, tay kia a que om ang cha"y vao gan au
ong 7a8n kh!$ 5o" tieng no ,e"# va ngon la hi)o cha"y$
(. M, t*'c @u$, D6'i $&6'c 6E $%ie3t 213 t%&69$,!
- 3hc hien th! nghiem nh &4B$
- @u y"% aGt vao coc n"c oan 7ay .g a lam 'ach va
c uon theo h(nh lo 'o$ Q"# ngc ong nghiem a ch"a
ay n"c len oan 7ay .g no"i t)en$
-41% h"ng 7a8n hoc 'inh quan 'a"t co" )at !t ,ot liti H
;
+uat
hien t)en 7ay .g )oi noi len tu lai a"y ong nghiem u"#
ngc$ Hien tng +ay )a )at cham$ 3hay .g ,aMng kim loai
nhom#han "ng hoa" hoc +ay )a khong )o v( nhiet o
thng tuy nhom co" the kh c n"c giai #ho"ng kh! H
;
nhng #han "ng nhanh cho"ng 7ng lai v( l"# nhom hi)o+it
khong tan t)ong n"c a nga*n can khong cho nhom tie#
+u"c v"i n"c$
T%B $,%ie3C (! 7%*E$ &'$, cuE* $%1C D6'i @u$, @/c% Cu>O
F
!
a$ 5huan ,6 va tien hanh th! nghiem nh &4B
o 5o" the nhu"ng la" nhom vao 7ung 76ch H5l loang )oi
)a ,aMng n"c 'ach e lam mat l"# /l
;
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hp Kim J :
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C _i2n Kt Kim JoSi J _i2n Kt cQng hO" t-V Jm gi0m mbt Q [ t3 do
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C$Ql-. W: CR@M m SnT m ?oNG
MpC TIqU CA CHSrNG
51 D; Ei<- $'c:
2R $I %it:
m 8u tSo ngu12n tq v vV t- mQt s7 Kim JoSi chu1*n tip t-ong BT$.
M 8u tSo n cht c6" mQt s7 Kim JoSi chu1*n tip.
#R $I hi*u:
M I3 /ut hi'n cc t-Sng thi o/i ho
M Tnh cht J) ho hc c6" mQt s7 n cht v hp cht.
M I/ v ;ng d<ng mQt s7 Kim JoSi chu1*n tip.
81 D; EF -G-.:
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>1 D; .i() /c Q Qf-.:
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M 8O th;c vbn d<ng nh+ng Kin th;c ho hc * Kh"i thc ) gi+ g.n v %0o v' mLi
t-hng.
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2. *I 51 nOng:
M Hbn d<ng vc i*m cu tSo ngu12n tq v cu tSo n cht * gi0i thch nh+ng tnh cht
J) ho hc vc %i't c6" c-Lm.
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tq
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th(n.
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cO th* cO c6" c-Lme
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nhi't Q c"o Khq c nhiu phi Kim.
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8-
9T
t8- k U
n)s| H)
o
n
5T
tn k U n)s H. hf1 vit p /01 -"
Khi cho n vo dung dVch 8-8J
9
.
HOT ?NG >
$di: nghi2n c;c sgK cho %it nh+ng tnh cht
J) ho hc c6" 8-#
9
e so snh vOi hp cht
tng t3 I#
9
cO vc i*m g. gi7ng v Khc e
AH: gi e
1C s7 o/i ho c"o nht T n2n hp
cht n1 cO ch tnh o/i ho e
2C gi7ng I#
9
) 8-#
9
J o/it "/it
3C Khc: 8-#
9
tc d<ng vPi nPc
tSo -" h{n hp 5 "/it
4C $
5
8#
|
v $
5
8-
5
#
s
KhLng %n
Khc vPi $
5
I#
|
%n t-ong dung
dVch
1

U 5 "/it t-2n ch t4n tSi t-ong dung dVch) nu
tch -" Khdi dung dVch ch=ng %V ph(n hu] tSo
thnh 8-#
9
2. Q#Si cr9/at +% (icro/at:
U _ nh+ng hp cht %n
U xu7i c-Lm"t: !"
5
8-#
|
)...J nh+ng hp cht
cO mu vng c6" ion 8-#
|
5U
.
U xu7i ic-Lm"t: w
5
8-
5
#
s
... J mu7i cO mu
d" c"m c6" ion 8-
5
#
s
5U
.
U Ai+" ion 8-#
|
5U
v ion 8-
5
#
s
5U
cO s3 chu1*n
ho Jjn nh"u th[o c(n %&ng.
8-
5
#
s
5U
T $
5
# 5 8-#
|
5U
T 5$
T
Zd" c"mW ZvngW
8-
5
#
s
5U
T 5 #$
U

5 8-#
|
5U
T 5 $
T

Tnh cht c6" mu7i c-Lm"t v ic-om"t J
tnh o/i ho mSnh. vc %i't t-ong mLi t-hng
"/it.
Hd: w
5
8-
5
#
s
T I#
5
T $
5
I#
|

w
5
8-
5
#
s
T wI T $
5
I#
|

HOT ?NG A
Av: cho $I ,u"n st tinh th* w
5
8-
5
#
s
v nhbn
/ct. $o t"n w
5
8-
5
#
s
vo nPc ) cho hs ,u"n
st mu c6" dung dVch.
AH: mu c6" dd J mu c6" ion 8-
5
#
s
5U
$di: n2u hi'n tng /01 -" v vit p Khi :
aC nhd tr tr dd !"#$ vo dung
dVch w
5
8-
5
#
s
$C nhd tr tr dd $
5
I#
|
Jofng vo
dd w
5
8-#
|
.
Av: Jn th nghi'm : th2m tr dung dVch !"#$
vo dung dVch w
5
8-
5
#
s
) s"u O th2m tip dung
dVch $
5
I#
|
.
$di hf1 d3 on tnh cht c6" mu7i c-om"t v
ic-om"t e gi0i thch e
T!: nhd dd wI vo dd h{n hp w
5
8-
5
#
s
T
$
5
I#
|
HOT ?NG B: 86ng c7 . vit ptp tth[o df1 chu1*n ho s"u:
8- 8-
5
#
9
8-8J
9
8-Z#$W
9
!"8-Z#$W
|
8-Z#$W
9
8-8J
9
!"
5
8-#
|

!"
5
8-
5
#
s
Tit 48:
Bi : SnT g%W Ro'n: 28X2X08
I1 Mc i!" #i $%c:
51 H Kin th;c:
m Bit vV t- ngu12n t7 st t-ong %0ng tuan hon
U Bit cu h.nh [ ngu12n tq c0u cc ion [
5T
) [
9T
U $i*u c tnh cht ho hc c %0n c6" n cht st
5. H K nYng:
U Tip t<c -yn Ju1'n K nYng vit cu h.nh [ ngu12n tq v cu h.nh [ c6" ion
U }yn Ju1'n Kh0 nYng hc tbp th[o phng php so snh) 7i chiu v su1 Jubn Jogic
II1 C$"H- #I:
1. B0ng tuan hon
5. T-"nh v mSng tinh th* st) mju ,uvng st
9. ?<ng c< ho cht: dd $!#
9
) $
5
I#
|
vc nOng) [) yn c4n
III . Tu ch;c cc hoSt Qng dS1 hc:
I1 DI 36 : c7" *):
1. *7 tr8 c)a YZ trong PT&
vV t-: stt : 5
chu K. |) nhOm HIIIB
M !hOm HIIIB) cgng chu K. vPi st cXn
cO cc ngu12n t7 8o) !i. B" ngu12n t7
n1 cO tnh cht gi7ng nh"u.
2. C<# t'o c)a R[t:
M [ J ngu12n t7 d) cO th* nhhng 5 [
HOT ?NG 5
GD: T-[o %0ng tuan hon.
$I: t.m vV t- c6" [ t-ong BT$ v cho %it s7
hi'u ngu12n tq v !TwTB c6" [ .
$di: 8ho %it cc ngu12n t7 n&m J(n cbn
ngu12n t7 st e
AH vt cc c(u hdi s"u:
1W $f1 vit cu h.nh [ c6" ngu12n
tq [) ion [
5T
) [
9T
e
1s

t
o
hovc 9 [ ^ ph(n JPp |s v ph(n JPp 9d
* tSo -" ion [
5T
)[
9T
.
M xSng tinh th*: ph< thuQc vo nhi't Q
M T-ong hp cht) st cO s7 o/i ho J
T5) T9. Hd: [#) [
5
#
9
3. Q!t RS t8nh ch<t 5hc c)a R[t:
[
5T
t[ k Un)||H: [
9T
t[
5T
k T....H
II1 T6-$ c$7 :L M6:
M It J Kim JoSi mu t-ng hi /m)
do) d"i) dM -yn) nhi't Q nOng ch01
Kh c"oZ 1m|n
o
8W
M djn nhi't) djn i'n t7t) cO tnh nhiMm
tr.
III1 T6-$ c$7 $)( $%c:
M whi th"m gi" ph0n ;ng ho hc)
ngu12n tq st nhhng 5 [ ^ ph(n JPp
|s ) Khi tc d<ng vPi cht o/i ho
mSnh th. st nhhng th2m 1 [ ^ ph(n
JPp 9d. tSo -" cc ion [
5T
) [
9T
.
[ [
5T
T 5[
[ [
9T
T 9 [
Tnh cht ho hc c6" st J tnh Khq.
1. Tc "=ng +-i 4hi 5i/:
M HPi o/i) ph0n ;ng Khi un nOng.
9[ T 5#
5
[
9
#
|
Z [#.[
5
#
9
W
M vPi I) 8J: p can ung nOng.
5[ T 98J
5
5[8J
9

5[ T 9 B-
5
5 [B-
9
[ T I
5
[I
5
[ T I [I
aC HPi cc dung dVch "/it $8J) $
5
I#
|
Jofng:
H?: [ T 5 $8J [8J
5
T $
5
[ T $
5
I#
|
[I#
|
T $
5
\t ion: [ T 5$
T
[
5T
T $
5
It Khq ion $
T
t-ong dung dVch "/it thnh $
5
t3 do.
$C HPi cc "/it $!#
9
) $
5
I#
|
vc:
M HPi $!#
9
vc) nguQi:$
5
I#
|
vc)
nguQi: [ KhLng ph0n ;ng.
M HPi $
5
I#
|
vc) nOng: $!#
9
vc)
nOng:
vd: 5[ T $
5
I#
|
[
5
ZI#
|
W
9
T 9I#
5
T
$
5
#
st ZIIIW sun"t
[ T $!#
9
[Z!#
9
W
9
T 9 !#
5
T 9$
5
#
U HPi $!#
9
Jofng:
[ T |$!#
9
[Z!#
9
W
9
T !# T 5$
5
#
3. Tc "=ng +-i "#ng "7ch /#Si:
5W \h(n %7 cc [ vo cc L Jng
tq.
9W 2u cau $I /c Vnh s7 L/i hO"
c6" [ t-ong cc hp cht s"u: [#) [
5
#
9
)
[8J
9
) [
5
ZI#
|
W
9
.
$I: c sgK v t.m hi*u mQt s7 tnh cht Khc
c6" [ nh: -) th i'n c3c chuNn...
HOT ?NG 8
Hti: ?3" vo Kin th;c f cO) sgK hf1 cho
%it st cO nh+ng tnh cht vbt J vc %i't g. e
AH: %u sung v Kt Jubn.
HOT ?NG >
AH: ph(n tch: It cO %"o nhi2u [ ^ JPp ngoi
cgng e T-ong cc ph0n ;ng hO" hc ngu12n tq
st dM nhhng %"o nhi2u [ e
$I: ?o st J ngu12n t7 d n2n [ hO" t-V n&m ^
ph(n JPp s v d. whi tc d<ng vPi cht o/i hO"
mSnh [ cO th* nhhng th2m 1[ ^ ph(n JPp
9d.
Hb1 tnh cht hO" hc c6" st J g. e
HOT ?NG A
$di: $f1 n2u mQt s7 v d< v p tc d<ng c6"
st vPi phi Kim e
M nhi't Q thhng st tc d<ng vPi o/i
h"1 KhLng e !u * vbt %&ng st t-ong
KhLng Kh Nm s cO hi'n tng g. e
AH: Tu vo tnh o/i hO" c6" phi Kim m [ %V
o/i hO" thnh T5 hovc T9.
M hf1 /c Vnh v"i t-X c6" cc cht t-ong
p.
HOT ?NG B
Hti: $f1 vit p /01 -" Khi cho [ tc d<ng
vPi dd $8J) $
5
I#
|
Jofnge ~c Vnh v"i t-X c6"
cc cht t
AH: Jm th nghi'm [ T $8J
M 8ht o/i hO" J ion $
T
) ch o/i hO" [
thnh [
5T
.
AH: [ tc d<ng c vPi $!#
9
vc nguQi)
$
5
I#
|
vc nguQi h"1 KhLng e
$di: $!#
9) nOng:
$
5
I#
|vc nOng
J nh+ng cht o/i
hO" mSnh) s o/i hO" [ v m;c o/i hO" no e
$I: vit ptp e
M $I vit ptp c6" [ vPi dung dVch
$!#
9
Jofng) v cho %it sp Khc vPi
tth t-2n h"1 KhLng e
HOT ?NG W
GD: $f1 vit p /01 -" Khi cho [ vo cc
dung dVch 8uI#
|
: [8J
9
) /c Vnh v"i t-X c6"
cc cht e
1l

vd: [ T 8uI#
|
[I#
|
T 8u
Kh o/h
[ T 5 [Z!#
9
W
9
9 [Z!#
9
W
5
Hd: 8ho [ d tc d<ng vPi dung dVch $!#
9
vc) nOng.
4. Tc "=ng +-i n-c:
M !u cho hi nPc i ,u" st ^ nhi't Q
c"o) [ Khq nPc gi0i phOng $
5
.
\:
9 [ T | $
5
# [
9
#
|
T | $
5
[ T $
5
# [# T $
5
ID . ?i;" c$<: 3)-. cX-. -.$iÒ u
d"v-. Yw1
M ?gng phng php nhi't Ju1'n:
vd: [
5
#
9
T 9 8# 5[ T 9 8#
5
cc p Khc:
[8J
5
[ T 8J
5
xg T [I#
|
xgI#
|
T 8u
[8u
Hd: cho [ d tc d<ng vPi dung dVch $!#
9
.
Ch\ ]: pu1 tc "Jph".
HOT ?NG [
AH: ^ nhi't Q thhng [ cO Khq c nPc
h"1 KhLng e
$di: 5R 8O m1 phng php iu ch Kim
JoSi e
8R t" cO th* iu ch [ %&ng cch no e
HOT ?NG i: 1.86ng c7 ton %i : Kim JoSi st cO tnh Khq
2. 8ho [ d vo dd $!#
9
Jofng
3. Hit ptp [ [8J
9
[8J
5
[Z!#
9
W
9
[
9
#
|
[8J
9
Tit 49:
Bi : HP CHT CA SnT
I1 x<c ti2u %i hc:
1. !m c tnh cht ho hc chung c6" cc o/it st Z[#) [
9
#
|
) [
5
#
9
W J o/it %"R) c6"
cc hid-o/it st [Z#$W
5
) [Z#$W
9
J %"R v minh h" tnh cht ho hc n1 %&ng cc
p c6" ch=ng 7i vPi "/it.
5. Bit ngu12n tc v ph0n ;ng ho hc c< th* iu ch [Z#$W
5
) [Z#$W
9
. nh+ng hid-o/it
n1 %V ph(n hu] Khi 7t nOng tSo -" nh+ng o/it tng ;ng v iu ch.
9. $p cht st ZIIW cO tnh Khq) Khi %V o/i ho nO %in thnh hp cht st ZIIIW. djn -" c
nh+ng ph0n ;ng ho hc * minh hc.
|. $p cht st ZIIIW J cht o/i ho) Khi %V Khq nO %in thnh hp cht st ZIIW) [. djn -"
c nh+ng ph0n ;ng ho hc * minh hoS.
m. !hbn %it cc ion [
5T
) [
9T
t-ong dung dVch %&ng ph0n ;ng ho hc.
II1 tu ch;c cc hoSt Qng dS1 hc:
!>I ?@!A BCI $D8 $#ET !A 8FG AH HC $I
I1 HsO c$7 Yw \IIR:
g4m mu7i) hid-o/it) o/it c6" [
5T
Hd: [#) [Z#$W
5
) [8J
5
1. T8nh ch<t ho hc ch#ng c)a hH4
ch<t R[t VUUC:
M $p cht st ZIIW tc d<ng vPi cht o/i
ho s %V o/i ho thnh hp cht st
ZIIIW. T-ong p ho hc ion [
5T
cO Kh0
nYng co 1 [J[ct-on.
[
5T
[
9T
T 1[
Tnh cht ho hc chung c6" hp cht st ZIIW
J tnh Khq.
HOT ?NG 5
Hti:5R Hx0 J1 v d< v mQt s7 hp cht st
ZIIW e
5W [ cO th* nhhng %"o nhi2u [ e !h vb1 ion
[
5T
cO th* nhhng th2m %"o nhi2u [ ^ ph(n
JPp 9d e
9W whi no ion [
5T
nhhng [ t-ong cc ph0n
;ng hO" hc e
Tr O cho %it hp cht st ZIIW cO tnh cht
hO" hc chung Ja g. e

HOT ?@NG 8
1

t
o
H d< 1: ^ nhi2t Q thhng) t-ong KhLng Kh
Z cO #
5
) $
5
#W [Z#$W
5
%V o/i ho thnh
[Z#$W
9
.
\: |[Z#$W
5
T #
5
T 5$
5
# | [ Z#$W
9
Khq o/h
H d< 5: I<c Kh cJo vo dung dVch mu7i [8J
5
\: 5 [8J
5
T 8J
5
5 [8J
9
[Z!#
9
W
5
T $!#
9
!# T ...
H d< 9: 8ho [# vo dung dVch $!#
9
Jofng:
9[# T 1n $!#
9
9 [Z!#
9
W
9
T !# T m$
5
#
H d< |: cho tr tr dung dVch [I#
|
vo dung
dVch h{n hp Z wxn#
|
T $
5
I#
|
W
wt Jubn:
cC #/it v hid-o/it st cO tnh %"R:
2. îI# ch /!t RS hH4 ch<t R[t VUUC:
aC [Z#$W
5
: ?gng ph0n ;ng t-"o ui ion
gi+" dung dVch mu7i st ZIIW vPi dung
dVch %"R.
H d<: [8J
5
T 5 !"#$ [Z#$W
5
T 5 !"8J
[
5T
T 5 #$
U
[Z#$W
5
$C [# :
M \h(n hu] [Z#$W
5
^ nhi't Q c"o t-ong
mLi t-hng KhLng cO KhLng Kh .
[Z#$W
5
[# T $
5
#
M $ovc Khq o/it st ^ nhi't Q c"o.
[
5
#
9
T 8# 5 [# T 8#
5
cC xu7i st ZIIW:
cho [ hovc [#) [Z#$W
5
tc d<ng vPi cc
dung dVch $8J) $
5
I#
|
Jofng.
II1 HsO c$7 Yw \IIIR:
1. T8nh ch<t ho hc c)a hH4 ch<t R[t
VUUUC:
aC $p cht st ZIIIW cO tnh o/i ho:
Khi tc d<ng vPi cht Khq) hp cht st ZIIIW %V
Khq thnh hp cht st ZIIW hovc Kim JoSi st
t3 do.
T-ong p ho hc : [
9T
T 1[ [
5T
[
9T
T 9[ [
tnh cht chung c6" hp cht st ZIIIW J tnh
o/i ho.
H d< 1: !ung h{n hp g4m GJ v [
5
#
9
^
nhi't Q c"o:
[
5
#
9
T 5GJ GJ
5
#
9
T 5 [
H d< 5: !g(m mQt inh st sSch t-ong dung
dVch mu7i st ZIIIW cJo-u".
5 [8J
9
T [ 9 [8J
5
H d< 9: cho 8u tc d<ng vPi dung dVch [8J
9
.
8u T 5 [8J
9
8u8J
5
T 5 [8J
5
M I<c Kh $
5
I vo dung dVch [8J
9
cO
hi'n tng vjn <c:
5 [8J
9
T $
5
I 5 [8J
5
T 5 $8J T I
$s vit p /01 -" v cho %it v"i t-X c6" st
t-ong cc t-hng hp v d< s"u:
$di: cJo J cht o/i hO" mSnh h"1 1u) Khi s<c
Kh cJo vo dung dVch [8J
5
) hf1 vit p /01
-" e
[8#
9
T $!#
9
vc nOng
$di: s7 o/i hO" c6" st t-ong [# J %"o
nhi2u ) f c"o nht ch" e whi tc d<ng vPi
dung dVch $!#
9
Jofng J cht o/i hO" th. cO
hi'n tng g. /01 -" e
Hd: [# T $
5
I#
|
Jofng
[# T $
5
I#
|
vc
$I: vit p * ch;ng minh [# v [Z#$W
5
cO
tnh %"R.
HOT ?NG >
?y iu ch [Z#$W
5
t" i tr nh+ng hp cht
no e
AH: T-ong p iu ch [Z#$W
5
) cc cht
KhLng c Jjn cht o/i hO" nh #
5
...nu
KhLng s cO mQt phan [Z#$W
9
.
$di :
1W $f1 n2u nh+ng tnh cht vbt J
c6" [# e
5W * iu ch [#) th[o cc [m
ph0i th3c hi'n nh+ng ph0n ;ng no e H nu
p nung [Z#$W
5
th3c hi'n t-ong KhLng Kh
th. cO thu c [# e
9W $f1 vit pt ph0n ;ng c6" [#)
[Z#$W
5
vPi cc dung dVch $8J) $
5
I#
|
Jofng
e tr O hf1 cho %it cch "iu ch mu7i
[ZIIW.
HOT ?NG A
$f1 J1 v d< mQt s7 hp cht st ZIIIW e
AH: ion [
9T
cO th* nhbn [ * t-^ thnh ion
[
5T
hovc ngu12n tq [ Khi tc d<ng vPi cht
Khq. Tr O hf1 cho %it tnh cht ho hc
chung c6" hp cht st ZIIIW J g. e
$di: $f1 J1 mQt s7 v d< m t-ong O hp
cht st ZIIIW Ong v"i t-X J mQt cht o/i hO" e
$I: _1 vd) vit p v /c Vnh s7 o/i hO"
Kt Jubn.
H?: 5[8J
9
T 5wI 5[8J
5
T 5wIT I
5
$I: Hit ptp c6" [
5
#
9
) [Z#$W
9
vPi cc "/it
tng ;ng.
5n

2. îI# ch /!t RS hH4 ch<t R[t VUUUC:
". [Z#$W
9
: 8ht -n) mu n(u d.
U iu ch: p t-"o ui ion gi+" dung dVch
mu7i st ZIIIW vPi dung dVch Kim.
H d< :[Z!#
9
W
9
T9!"#$ [Z#$W
9
T9
!"!#
9
\t ion: [
9T
T 9 #$
U
[Z#$W
9
%. It ZIIIW o/it: [
5
#
9
ph(n hu] [Z#$W
9
^ nhi't Q c"o
5 [Z#$W
9
U [
5
#
9
T 9 $
5
#
c. xu7i st ZIIIW:
3. .ng "=ng c)a hH4 ch<t R[t VUUUC:
phyn st "moni: !$
|
[ZI#
|
W
5
. 15$
5
#
HOT ?NG B
$f1 cho %it tnh cht vbt J c6" [Z#$W
9
e
* iu ch [Z#$W
9
t" can th3c hi'n ph0n
;ng no e
$I: vit p /01 -" dSng ph(n tq v ion thu
gn.
$di: !u t-ong p iu ch [Z#$W
9
) [
5
#
9
th3c hi'n t-ong mLi t-hng KhLng Kh hovc cO
Jjn cht o/i hO" th. cO 0nh h^ng g. tPi sp h"1
KhLng e
$I: vit cc p /01 -".
HOT ?NG W: 5. 86ng c7 ton %i: tnh cht c6" hp cht st ZIIW. ZIIIW.
8. Hit cc ptp th[o df1 chu1*n ho s"u:
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Tit A0:
Bi: HP KIM CA SnT
I. Muc tieu .*9i %1c!
1. Kien thc!
- Viet thanh #han nguyen to t)ong gang va the"#$
- Viet #han loai t!nh chat, "ng 7ung cua gang va the"#$
- Viet nguyen lieu va nguyen ta?c 'an +uat gang va the"#$
- Viet mot 'o #hng #ha"# luyen gang va the"#$
2. K nang:
1an 7ung kien th"c ve t!nh chat hoa" hoc cua 'a?t va ca"c
h# chat cua 'a?t e giai th!ch ca"c qua" t)(nh hoa" hoc +ay
)a t)ong lo luyen gang va the"#$
3. Thai o:
- Viet gia" t)6 ve kinh te va gia" t)6 ' 7ung cua gang va
the"#
- 5o" y" th"c va ,iet ca"ch ' 7ung, ,ao ve ca"c vat 7ung
,aMng gang va the"#$
II. C%u*-$ ./!
1. Giao vien:
M 3)anh ve ' o lo cao va ca"c #han "ng +ay )a t)ong lo cao$
M 3)anh ve ' o lo thoi o+i$
M .ot 'o ma8u vat ,aMng gang the"#$
M &u tam ca"c thong tin ve "ng 7ung cua gang the"# t)ong i
'ong va t)ong kD thuat$
2. Hoc sinh:
51

- Hoc kD t!nh chat hoa" hoc cua n chat 'a?t va ca"c o+it 'a?t$
- Wem lai ca"c kien th"c ve h# kim $
- &u tam ca"c ma8u vat ve gang, the"#$
III. TIEN THINH 8AI JIANJ%
9$ <n 6nh t)at t% 9 #hu"t
;$ Biem t)a ,ai cu % 9C #hu"t
:$ 4iang ,ai m"i$
I. JANJ!
H1*t 213$, "! K? 7%u'tL
41% 5ho hoc 'inh quan 'a"t ma8u vat ,aMng gang, ma8u gang t)a?ng,
gang +a"m
41% FaGt cau hoi%
H% 4ang la g(X
H&% Gang la hp kim cua sat cacbon va mot so nguyen to
khac, tong !o ham l"ng cacbon bien !ongtong gii han #$ %
&$'
H% 5o" may loai gangX 4ang t)a?ng kha"c gang +a"m cho8 naoX
H&( )o # loai gang( gang tang va gang *am'
H% 3!nh chat va "ng 7ung cua ca"c loai gang o" la g(X
H&% Gang tang c"ng, gion, !"c +ung !e, luyen thep' Gang *am -t
c"ng va -t gion hn, !"c +ung !e, !uc cac vat +ung'
41% 5o" the nha?c lai kien th"c ve h# kim , h# kim cua 'a?t v"i
cac,on la g(X HoaGc l! giai tai 'ao t)ong thc te ngi ta thng
7ung h# kim cua 'a?t ma !t 7ung 'a?t nguyen chat$
H1*t 213$, (! K"; 7%u'tL
41% Yeu cau h' oc &4B t(m hieu qua" t)!nh luyen gang$
41% Hoi
H! Fe luyen gang can nhng nguyen lieu g(X
H&% .guyen lieu !e, luyen gang la /ua0ng sat, than coc va chat
chay )a)1
2
H% -guyen ta?c cua viec luyen gang la g(X
H&% .guyen tac luyen gang la +ung chat kh" )1 !e, kh" cac o*it
sat thanh sat
H% 5ho ,iet nhng #han "ng hoa" hoc +ay )a t)ong lo caoX
41! 7ung t)anh ve ' o lo cao va ca"c #han "ng +ay )a t)ong lo
cao e chL cho hoc 'inh thay )o ca"c vung +ay )a #han "ng
= H& chL can ,iet ma khong can nh" nhiet o +ay )a #han
"ng mo8i vung>
H&% )ac phan "ng kh" sat *ay a tong lo cao
II. THEMP!
H1*t 213$, :! K N 7%u'tL
41% Yeu cau hoc 'inh nghien c"u &4B va cho ,iet %
H% 3hanh #han nguyen to t)ong the"# 'o v"i gang co" g( kha"cX
H&% 3he"# la h# kim cua 'a?t v"i cac,on va mot lng )at !t
nguyen to &i, .n $ $ $ Ham lng cac,on t)ong the"# chiem E,E9 J
;Z$
H% 3he"# c chia lam may loai X 7a t)en c ' naoX
55

H&% 5o" ; loai the"# % 7a t)en ham lng cua ca"c nguyen to co"
t)ong tng loai the"#
M 3he"# thng hay the"# cac,on ch"a !t cac,on, 'ilic, mangan va
)at !t &,2$
M 3he"# aGc ,iet la the"# co" ch"a them ca"c nguyen to kha"c
nh &i, .n, -i, [, 17 \
H% 5ho ,iet "ng 7ung cua the"#X
H&% 3he"# co" nhieu "ng 7ung t)ong cuoc 'ong va t)ong kD thuat$
Hoat ong 4: 1! "h#t$
41% Hay cho ,iet nguyen ta?c 'an +uat the"#X
H&% -guyen ta?c e 'an +uat the"# la o+ihoa" e giam tL le
cac,on, 'ilic, lu hunh, #hot#ho co" t)ong gang$
41% Hay cho ,iet nguyen lieu e 'an +uat the"#X
H& % -guyen lieu e 'an +uat the"# la%
M 4ang t)a?ng hoaGc gang +a"m, 'a?t the"# #he lieu$
M 5hat chay la 5a<
M 5hat o+ihoa" la o+i nguyen chat hoaGc khong kh! giau o+i$
M -guyen lieu la 7au ma0u"t, kh! ot hoaGc 7ung na*ng lng
ien$
41% hay neu ca"c #hng #ha"# , u nhc iem cua mo8i #hng
#ha"#X
H&% 5o" : #hng #ha"# luyen the"# la%
M #hng #ha"# lo thoi o+i, thi gian luyen the"# nga?n, chu
yeu 7ung e luyen the"# thng$
M 2hng #ha"# lo ,aMng% thng 7ung e luyen the"# co" chat
lng cao$
M 2hng #ha"# ho quang ien% 7ung e luyen the"# aGc ,iet,
thanh #han co" nhng km loai kho" chay nh [, .o, c)om, $ $ $
41% 5o" the 7ung ' o lo thoi o+i e chL 7a8n cho hoc 'inh thay
c ' van chuyen ca"c nguyen lieu t)ong lo
H1*t 213$, ?! K O 7%u'tL ! CUNJ CO 8AI
C# 7: T-Qn hon ton 1m g"m h{n hp 8u v [ t-ong dung dVch $8J d th1 tSo -"
l) Jt Kh ZKtcW v 9)| g"m cht -n KhLng t"n v dung dVch 8. I"u O [m cL cSn v
s1 KhL 8 th. thu c m mu7i Kh"n. Ai t-V m J:
G. |n g B. 9n g 8. |5 g ?. 9l g
C# 8: 8ho 5 g"m h{n hp Kim JoSi ~ g4m w)xg)8u vo dung dVch $8J th. thu c
|)|l Jt Kh ZKtcW v 9)5 g"m cht -n KhLng t"n v dung dVch . I"u Khi cL cSn v s1
KhL dung dVch th. thu c m g"m mu7i. Ai t-V m J:
G. 5)5 g B. 9n)1 g 8. 9s g ?. 5l g
C# 9: T-Qn 19 g"m h{n hp Kim JSi ~ g4m [)GJ)xg %&ng mQt Jng dung dVch $8J
vr" 6 thu c )s5 Jt Kh B ZKtcW v dung dVch 8. 8L cSn dung dVch 8 thu c "
g"m mu7i) " cO gi t-V J:
G. 9|)9g B. 95)|g 8.19g ?. |lg
C# 13: $X" t"n )sg h{n hp 9 o/it : [
9
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$
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1)9x vr" 6) thu c dung dVch cO hX" t"n cc mu7i. [m cL cSn dung dVch) thu
c m g"m h{n hp cc mu7i Kh"n. T-V s7 c6" m J :
G. 1m)|sg B. 1)9mg 8. 1s)1g ?. 1)mg
59

C# 14: ${n hp G g4m h"i Kim JoSi [ v 8u) t-ong O Kh7i Jng [ gp 1)sm Jan
Kh7i Jng 8u. $X" t"n ht |)|g h{n hp G %&ng dung dVch $!#
9
) cO H Jt h{n hp Kh
B g4m !#
5
v !# thot -" ZKtcW. ${n hp B nvng hn "moni"c 5 Jan. T-V s7 c6" H J
:
G. 1)s5 Jt B. 5)n1 Jt 8. 5)5| Jt ?. 5)5ll Jt
C# 18: !h=ng 1 th"nh nhLm nvng 5m g"m vo 5nn mJ dung dVch 8uI#
|
n)mx. I"u 1
thhi gi"n) c(n JSi th"nh nhLm th1 nvng 5m) g"m. !4ng Q moJtJ c6" dung dVch 8uI#
|
v GJ
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t-ong dung dVch s"u ph0n ;ng Jan Jt J:
A1 kzA8BM{ kz8M B1 kzA8BM{ kz>M C1 kzAM{ kz8M J1
Tit %1&%2:
Bi : ?oNG1 MT S HP CHT CA ?oNG
I. Muc tieu .*9i %1c!
". Kie#$ t%&'c!
- Viet v6 t)! cua nguyen to 5u t)ong ,ang tuan hoan$
- Viet cau h(nh elect)on nguyen t cua 5u$
- Hieu c t!nh chat hoa" hoc c ,an cua ong$
- Viet t!nh chat, "ng 7ung mot 'o h# chat va h# kim cua
ong$
- Viet ca"c cong oan cua qua" t)(nh 'an +uat ong$
(. K) $*+$,!
- ]en luyen kD na*ng ' 7ung 7ay the ien cc cua kim loai
e +e"t oa"n chieu h"ng cua #han "ng o+ihoa" kh$
- 3ie# tuc )en luyen kD na*ng viet #hng t)(nh hoa" hoc, aGc
,iet la #han "ng o+ihoa" kh
- ]en luyen kD na*ng thc hien va quan 'a"t hien tng th!
nghiem$
II. C%u*-$ ./!
". Ji*'1 Die$%
- .ang t!nh the la# #hng tam 7ien$
- 5a"c ma8u vat, quaGng ong, ong va h# kim ong$
- Hoa" chat, 7ung cu%
o 5a"c 7ung 76ch a+it% H
;
&<
A
aGc,loang^ H-<
:
, H5l
o .anh ong kim loai$
o ong nghiem$
(. H1c Pi$%%
- Hoc 'inh on lai ca"ch viet cau h(nh elect)on cua nguyen t
ong
- &u tam t)anh anh, t lieu ve "ng 7ung cua ong va h#
kim cua ong
III. Tie#$ t4Q$% .*9i ,i*E$,%
1. un 6nh t)at t%
5. Biem t)a ,ai cu%
9. 4iang ,ai m"i%
NI JUNG BKI HC HOT ?NG CA GD DK HC SINH
5|

A. ?oNG.
I1 DI 36 : c7" *):
1. *7 tr8 c)a (_ng trong PT&:
M _ Kim JoSi chu1*n tip
M HV t-: ITT: 5: chu K. |: nhOm IB
2. C<# t'o c)a (_ng:
5
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%in J: T1 v T5
tSo -" c 5 ion: 8u
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tSo mSng tinh th* _\T? J tinh th* vc
chc Ji2n Kt t-ong n cht 4ng
v+ng chc hn.
3. Q!t RS t8nh ch<t 5hc c)a (_ng :
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t8u k T n)9| H. I
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M 4ng J Kim JoSi mu d) do) d"i) dM Kco
si) dt mdng.
M ?jn nhi't) djn i'n t7t.
M _ Kim JoSi nvng) nhi't Q nOng ch01
c"o.
III1 T6-$ c$7 $)( $%c:
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8u# %0o v' n2n 8u KhLng %V o/i ho tip
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$
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M whi cO mvt o/i) 8u tc d<ng vPi dung
dVch $8J) ni tip /=c gi+" dung dVch
"/it vPi KhLng Kh.
5 8u T |$8J T #
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AH: t-[o BT$ v 12u cau hs /c Vnh vV t-
c6" 8u t-ong BT$ e
Hti:
1W ~ung ,u"nh ngu12n t7 8u g4m nh+ng
ngu12n t7 no e hf1 cho %it
8u
v !Tw c6"
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5W hf1 vit cu h.nh [ c6" 8u) cho %it s7 [ ^
trng JPp e v cho %it 8u thuQc JoSi ngu12n t7
g. e Zs)p)dW
|W so snh vPi cu tSo c6" [ e 8u
cO m1 [ hO" t-V e !h vb1 t-ong hp
cht 8u cO nh+ng m;c o/i hO" no e
$I: Hit cu h.nh [ c6" 8u
T
v 8u
5T
v ,u"n
st mSng tinh th* c6" 8u.
$I: pu"n st h.nh v mSng tinh th* 4ng.
HOT ?NG 8
$I: ?3" vo Kin th;c th3c t v sgK) hf1 n2u
J2n nh+ng tnh cht vbt J c6" 8u.
HOT ?NG >
$di: 1W d3" vo cu tSo ngu12n tq) Q (m
i'n) cc gi t-V th i'n c3c c6" 8u) hf1 d3
on Kh0 nYng hoSt Qng hO" hc c6" 4ng e
5W 4ng cO %n t-ong KhLng Kh h"1
KhLnge TSi s"o t-ong KhLng Kh 4ng
thhng %V ph6 mQt JPp mng cO mu
/"nh e
9W $f1 vit ptp /01 -" Khi cho 8u tc
d<ng vPi 8J
5
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5
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Av: _m th nghi'm: 8u T $
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$I: pu"n st T! v Khng Vnh mQt Jan n+":
8u KhLng Khq c ion $
T
t-ong dung dVch
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AH: Jm cc th nghi'm: cho mju 8u vo
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3. Tc "=ng +-i "#ng "7ch /#Si:
M whq c ion Kim JoSi ;ng s"u nO t-ong
dung dVch mu7i.
vd: 8u T 5 Gg!#
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ID1 9-. /-. cV2 +|-.: d3" vo tnh
do) djn i'n) djn nhi't) %n c6"
4ng v hp Kim.
1. 4ng th"u : 8uUn
2. 4ng %Sch : 8uU!i
3. 4ng th"nh : 8uUIn
4. 8uUGu : Z vng t(1W
D1 SZ- 4"7 +|-.:
M T-ong t3 nhi2n : phan JPn t4n tSi ^ dSng
hp cht.
M 8c JoSi ,uvng : pi-it 4ng 8u[I
5
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m"J"chit 8uZ#$W
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8u
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oSn:
_m giu ,vng %&ng phng php tu1*n
nui.
8hu1*n ho ,uvng 4ng thnh 4ng )
g4m 9 %Pc:
8u[I
5
8u
5
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5
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Tinh Ju1'n 4ng thL %&ng phng php
i'n ph(n.
8. MT S HP CHT CA ?oNG:
I1 ?|-. \IIR )4i: 8u#
M _ cht -n mu [n.
M iu ch: nhi't ph(n.
5 8uZ!#
9
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M iu ch: tr dung dVch mu7i 8u
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Hd: 8uI#
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AH: 8ho mQt mju 8u vo dung dVch Gg!#
9
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HOT ?NG B
$I: !2u nh+ng ;ng d<ng c6" 8u t-ong th3c t
!gih2n c;u sgK v cho %it nh+ng hp Kim cO
nhiu ;ng d<ng t-ong cLng nghi'p v hi
s7ng.
HOT ?NG W
$di: 1W t-ong t3 nhi2n ) 4ng t4n tSi ^ nh+ng
dSng no e
5W _oSi Khong s0n no cO gi t-V
t-ong cLng nghi'p s0n /ut 4ng.
9W !2u nh+ng cLng oSn chnh
c6" ,u t-.nh s0n /ut 8u.
|W vit cc p /01 -" t-ong ,u
t-.nh s0n /ut 8u.
HOT ?NG [
AH: cho hs ,u"n st cc J 3ng 8u#) 12u cau
hs cho %it cc tnh cht vbt J c6" 8u#.
$di: 1W $f1 cho %it phng php iu ch
8u# e
5W ~c Vnh s7 o/i hO" c6" 8u t-ong 8u# v
n2u tnh cht vc t-ng c6" 8u# e
AH: Jm th nghi'm: cho dung dVch !"#$ vo
dung dVch 8uI#
|
$I ,u"n st v vit p /01 -": n2u cch iu
ch 8uZ#$W
5
v cho %it cc tnh cht c6" nO e
$di: cO hi'n tng g. /01 -" Khi cho tr tr
dung dVch !$
9
cho n d vo dung dVch
8uI#
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9
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1C 86ng c7 ton %i.
2C $I Jm mQt s7 %i tbp.
1. Hit ptp th3c hi'n df1 chu1*n ho s"u:
8u 8u# 8u8J
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Tit A3À4:
Bi >[: Sr LSC D MT S KIM LOI KH}C
A.Muc tieu .*9i %1c!
". Kie#$ t%&'c!
- Viet v6 t)! cua mot 'o nguyen to kim loai quan t)ong t)ong
,ang tuan hoan
- Viet cau tao nguyen t va t!nh chat hoa" hoc cua chu"ng$
- Viet "ng 7ung va #hng #ha"# ieu che ca"c kim loai o"$
(. K) $*+$,!
- ]en luyen kD na*ng hoc ta# theo #hng #ha"# oi chieu va
'o 'a"nh$
- ]en luyen kha na*ng 'uy luan logic, kha na*ng kha"i qua"t,
he thong hoa" van e$
8. C%u*-$ ./!
". Ji*'1 Die$%
- Vang tuan hoan ca"c nguyen to hoa" hoc$
- 3ai lieu, ma8u vat ve "ng 7ung, ieu che mot 'o kim loai
quan t)ong nh /g, /u, -i, _n, &n, 2,$
(. H1c Pi$%!
- Foc kD ,ai hoc nha
- &u tam tai lieu, t)anh anh, ma8u vat ve ieu che va "ng
7ung cua mot 'o kim loai t)en$
C. C*'c %1*t 213$, @*R %1c!
9$ <`n 6nh t)at t%
;$ Biem t)a ,ai cu%
:$ 1ao ,ai m"i%
H1*t 213$, "!
41% 5hia hoc 'inh t)ong l"# theo C nho"m mo8i nho"m khoang 9E em
41% 5ho ca"c em ve nha chuan ,6 t)"c en tiet hoc l"# 41
mi ai 7ien cua tng nho"m len ,a"o ca"o ket qua thu tha#
ve cau hoi cua m(nh $
cng %o co g4m cc nQi dung:
1. t.m vV t- c6" ngu12n t7 t-ong BT$
5. vc i*m cu tSo c6" ngu12n tq
9. tnh cht ho hc c %0n
5s

|. ;ng d<ng c6" trng Kim JoSi
m. phng php iu ch
41% Hanh thi gian cho hoc 'inh t)ong ca l"# thao luan
41% Vo 'ung kien th"c va to"m ta?c ca"c kien th"c t)ong tam
H1*t 213$, (! CuE$, c1# .*9i
41% Vo 'ung va 'a cha lai ca"c ,a"o ca"o va cho iem tng
nho"m hoc 'inh
41% -han +e"t va ong vien tinh than lam viec cua hoc 'inh$
Tiet %%
8*9i :S! LUYEN TAP
TNH CHAT HOAM HO=C CUA CHOM 0 >ATT 0
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n+".
c 8O Kt t6" v hi'n tng t"n dan Kt t6"
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5
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5
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s

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# whLng th"1 ui
c 8hu1*n tr mu vng s"ng mu d" c"m
/ 8hu1*n tr mu d" c"m s"ng mu vng
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Tit A8À9 :
C%&6$, VII! PHAN TCH HOAM HO=C
Muc tieu cuE* c%&6$,!
". Kie#$ t%&'c!
8ie#t!
M -guyen ta?c cua #han t!ch 6nh t!nh va #han t!ch 6nh lng$
M 5a"ch ' 7ung ca"c loai thuoc th e +a"c 6nh 6nh t!nh mot
'o cation va anion va mot 'o h# chat hu c$
M 5a"ch ' 7ung #hng #ha"# #han t!ch 6nh lng$
(. K) $*+$,!
- ]en luyen kD na*ng van 7ung kien th"c ve t!nh chat hoa"
hoc cua ca"c chat t)ong qua" t)(nh #han t!ch 6nh t!nh va 6nh
lng$
- ]en luyen kD na*ng quan 'a"t, nhan ,iet ca"c hien tng$
- ]en luyen kD na*ng van 7ung ca"c hoa" chat, 7ung cu th!
nghiem aGc t)ng cua hoa" #han t!ch nh ca"c loai thuoc th,
,u)et, #i#et, ong ong, can$ $ $ $
:. T%*'i 213!
- 4ia"o 7uc "c t!nh tL mD, ch!ch +a"c, t)ung thc$
- Viet gi g(n va ' 7ung hoa" chat h# l!, tiet kiem$
- 5o" y" th"c ,ao ve moi t)ng$
'a(i 4!: PHAN TCH UZNH TNH MOT >O ION VO
CW
THONJ AUNJ AZCH
9|

A. MU=C TIEU 8AI HO=C!
". VeY Xie#$ t%&'c!
- Hieu ca"ch ' 7ung mot 'o thuoc th #han t!ch$
- Hieu c ca"ch nhan ,iet mot 'o cation va anion vo c
n gian t)ong 7ung 76ch$
(. K) $*+$,!
- ]en luyen kD na*ng viet #hng t)(nh hoa" hoc 7ang ion )u"t
gon$
- ]en luyen kD na*ng quan 'a"t, nhan +e"t ca"c hien tng hoa"
hoc$
8. CHUAN 8Z!
". Ji*'1 Die$!
- Hoa" chat, 7ung cu th! nghiem%
N Hung 76ch ca"c muoi% -a5l, B5l, Va5l
;
, -H
A
5l, 5)5l
:
, ae&<
A
,
ae
;
=&<
A
>
;
, .g&<
A
, 5u&<
A

N Hung 76ch thuoc th #han t!ch % -a<H, B
;
5)
;
<
g
, B&5-,
-H
:
, -a
;
H2<
A
, H
;
&<
A
loang$
N .anh ong kim loai$
- & o #han t!ch mot 'o nho"m ion$
- <ing nghiem , gia" ong nghiem, ke# go8$
(. H1c Pi$%!
- <bn lai t!nh chat hoa" hoc cua mot 'o chat co" lien quan
en ,ai hoc% ca"c h# chat cua nhom, muoi amoni, h#
chat 'a?t =jj>, 'a?t =jjj>, h# chat c)om =jjj> $ $ $
- 5a"ch viet va y" nghLa cua #hng t)(nh #han "ng hoa" hoc
7ang ion )u"t gon$
C. CAMC HOA=T UONJ AA=Y HO=C!
9$ <`n 6nh t)at t%
;$ vao ,ai m"i%
I. NHAN 8IET CAMC CATION KIM LOA=I KIEM N*
[

0 K
[
0 NH
F
[

H1*t 213$, "!
41% FaGt cau hoi%
Ha vao t!nh chat nao e nhan ,iet ca"c cation
kim loai kiem va amoni$
Hung cu va ca"c thuoc th 7ung e nhan ,iet
ca"c cation nay la g(X
41% 5o" the cung ca# them thong tin hoaGc gi y" e hoc 'inh nh"
lai ca"c aGc iem ve t!nh chat cua ca"c ion nay$
Ke#t 5u*3$! % .han biet cation kim loai kie3m 4.a
5

, 6
5
$ ba7ng
cach th" mau ngon l"a
% 8huoc th" +ung !e, nhan biet ion .9
:
5

la +ung +;ch
kie3m'
jj$ -H/k- Vjli3 5/m5 5/3j<- 5a
;n
, Va
;n
Hoat ong ;%
41% Yeu cau hoc 'inh 7a va"o &4B t)a li cau hoi%
co" the 7ung thuoc th g( e nhan ,iet ca"c ion
5a
;n
, Va
;n
X
9m

neu t)ong 7ung 76ch Va
;n

co" la8n ion 5a
;n
th( nhan
,iet ion Va
;n
,aMng ca"ch naoX
3ai 'ao can #hai ta"ch ion Va
;n
va 2,
;n

t)"c khi
nhan ,iet ion 5a
;n
X
41% 5an nhan manh ca"c aGc iem %
ion 5a
;n
khong can t) viec nhan ,iet ion Va
;n
neu tao moi t)ng a+it a+etic cho 7ung 76ch nhan
,iet$ 1( khi o" ket tua Va5)<
A
mau vang ti
khong tan, con ket tua 5a5)<
A
lai tan )a$
-eu t)ong 7ung 76ch can nhan ,iet ion 5a
;n
co"
ch"a ong thi ion Va
;n
va ion 2,
;n
th( t)"c het
can #hai ta"ch ion nay )a khoi 7ung 76ch v( ca"c
ion nay cung tao thanh ket tua v"i thuoc th
amoni o+alat kho" tan t)ong a+it a+et!c loang$
III. CAMCH NHAN 8IET CAMC CATION A5
:[

VA ION C4
:[

H1*t 213$, :!
41% -eu van e%
Hai ion /l
:n

va 5)
:n
co" t!nh chat hoa" hoc g( giong
va kha"c nhauX
3huoc th cua nho"m ca"c ion nay la g(X
VaMng #hng #ha"# hoa" hoc, #han ,iet ; ion nay
,aMng ca"ch naoX
1iet ca"c 23HH 7ung e nhan ,iet 7"i 7ang ion
)u"t gon$
41% gi y" hoc 'inh nh" lai t!nh chat hoa" hoc cua ; ion /l
:n
, 5)
:n

a
c hoc e hoc 'inh hieu c
3ai 'ao thuoc th nho"m cua ca"c ion nay la 7ung
76ch kiem$
3ai 'ao khi cho chat o+ihoa" H
;
<
;
vao 7ung 76ch th(
chL co" h# chat cua c)om ,6 ,ien oi ma h#
chat nhom khong ,6 ,ien oiX
41% 5an no"i )o cho hoc 'inh thay%
Hung 76ch muoi nhom khong co" mau, con 7ung
76ch muoi c)om =jjj> co" mau +anh t!m$ -eu ; 7ung
76ch muoi nay ng t)ong ; ong nghiem )ieng
,iet th( chL can 7a vao mau 'a?c cung co" the
#han ,iet c$
-eu 7ung 76ch nhan ,iet ch"a ong thi ; ion
/l
:n
, 5)
:n

co" la8n ca"c ta# chat la ca"c ion ae
:n
,
.n
;n
th( #hai o+ihoa" ion S5)=<H>
A
T
-
thanh ion 5)<
A
;o
e t)a"nh kha na*ng mat ion S5)=<H>
A
T
-
7o ket tua
ca"c ion ae
:n
, .n
;n
$
-han ,iet c ion 5)
:n
thong qua ion S5)=<H>
A
T
-
co"
mau vang$ 5on ion 5)
:n
co" mau +anh t!m$
-eu cho 7ung 76ch muoi amoni 7 vao 7ung 76ch
ch"a ion c)omat mau vang va ion aluminat khong
mau 'e thay ket tua keo nhom hi)o+it mau
t)a?ng +uat hien$
9

IV. NHAN 8IET CAMC CATION \e
([
0 \e
:[

0 Cu
([
0 M,
([

!
H1*t 213$, F!
41% -eu cau hoi%
5a"c ion ae
;n
, ae
:n

, 5u
;n
, .g
;n

co" nhng t!nh chat g(
giong va kha"c nhauX
3huoc th nho"m cua nho"m ca"c ion nay lag(X
VaMng ca"ch nao co" the #han ,iet c ca"c ion
nayX 1iet 23HH a 7ung 7"i 7ang ion )u"t gon
5a"c ion ae
;n
, ae
:n

, 5u
;n
, .g
;n

kha" quen v"i hoc 'inh$
H& hieu c #hng #ha"# nhan ,iet va ca"c
thuoc th can 7ung nh &4B a t)(nh ,ay
41% 5an nha?c hoc 'inh lu y" %
M Hung 76ch ca"c ion t)en eu co" mau%
Hung 76ch cua ae
:n
co" mau o nau$
Hung 76ch cua ae
;n
co" mau +anh )at nhat
Hung 76ch cua 5u
;n
co" mau +anh 7a t)i
Hung 76ch cua .g
;n

khong mau
1( vay ca"c 7ung 76ch muoi nay ng t)ong ca"c ong nghiem )ieng
,iet th( chL can 7a vao mau 'a?c cung co" the nhan ,iet c$
M Bet tua .g=<H>
;
kha"c v"i ca"c ket tua cua hi)o+!t con lai
cho8 no" co" the tan c t)ong 7ung 76ch muoi amoni$
3huoc th aGc t)ng cua ion .g
;n
la 7ung 76ch -a
;
H2<
A
$
M 5a"c ion ae
;n
, ae
:n

, 5u
;n
, .g
;n

eu co" thuoc th aGc t)ng nen
nhan ,iet c )at 7e8 7ang$
V. NHAN 8IET MOT >O ANION NO
:
]
0 C5
]
0 >O
F
(]
0 CO
:
(]
H1*t 213$, ?!
H&% 3)a li cau hoi%
3!nh chat hoa" hoc aGc t)ng cua ca"c anion -<
:
-
,
5l
-
, &<
A
;-
, 5<
:
;-

la g(X
3huoc th 7ung e nhan ,iet ca"c onion -<
:
-
, 5l
-
,
&<
A
;-
, 5<
:
;-

la g(X
3huoc th nho"m cua ca"c halogenua la g(X7a
vao aGc iem g( e #han ,iet ca"c ion 5l
-
v"i
ca"c halogenua con lai$
1iet ca"c 23HH cua ca"c #han "ng a 7ung e
nhan ,iet 7"i 7ang ion )u"t gon$
41% 5an nha?c cho hoc 'inh nh" lai )aMng%
& co" maGt cua nhieu ion t)ong 7ung 76ch #hu
thuoc vao ' co" maGt cua ca"c ion kha"c$ 5hapng
han, 7ung 76ch a ch"a ion -H
A
n

th( khong the co"
7 ion <H
-
^ t)ong moi t)ng a+it ca"c ion H5<
:
-
,
5<
:
;-
, &<
:
;o
khong the ton tai$
Fa 'o ca"c anion ton tai t)ong 7ung 76ch cung v"i
ca"c cation kim loai kiem, amoni t)ong moi t)ng
a+it$
H1*t 213$, O!
9s

41% ' 7ung ,ai ta# 9,;,A &4B e cung co kien th"c t)ong tam
cua tiet 9$
H1*t 213$, N!
41% 3hc hien mot 'o th! nghiem khong co" ieu kien cho hoc 'inh
lam nh th mau ngon la e nhan ,iet ion -a
n
,
B
n
$
41% 5a"ch tien hanh nh &4B
H&% Ruan 'a"t va cho nhan +e"t$
H1*t 213$, S!
41% 5huan ,6 ca"c ma8u can #han t!ch, giao noi 7ung th! nghiem va
7ung cu hoa" chat cho tng nho"m hoc 'inh$ -en co" ; nho"m
hoc 'inh co" cung noi 7ung th! nghiem e 'o 'a"nh ket qua$
5ho ca"c nho"m hoc 'inh tien hanh #han t!ch$
41% 5o" the chuan ,6 ca"c ma8u #han t!ch nh 'au%
M*û "! -han ,iet ca"c ion -H
A
n
, 5a
;n
, Va
;n
ng t)ong ca"c ong
nghiem )ieng ,iet
M*û (! -han ,iet ca"c ion /l
:n
, 5)
:n
, .g
;n
ng t)ong ca"c ong
nghiem )ieng ,iet
M*û :! -han ,iet ca"c ion ae
:n
, ae
;n
, 5u
;n
ng t)ong ca"c
ong nghiem )ieng ,iet
M*û F% -han ,iet ca"c ion -<
:
-
, 5l
-
, &<
A
;-
, 5<
:
;-
ng t)ong
ca"c ong nghiem )ieng ,iet
M -ho"m t)ng cua tng nho"m len nhan noi 7ung th! nghiem
va hoa" chat$
H1*t 213$, _!
M Ha vao &4B va kien th"c a c t)ao oi tiet hoc th"
nhat, tng nho"m len ke hoach lam th! nghiem $
M 41% kiem t)a ke hoach cua tng nho"m
M Fc ' ong y" cua 41, H& ,a?t au lam th! nghiem
H1*t 213$, ";!
M @an lt tng nho"m H& ,a"o ca"o t)"c l"# ket qua thu c
M 5a"c nho"m kha"c co" the neu cau hoi tha?c ma?c hoaGc ,o
'ung y" kien
M 41 ghi nhan +e"t va ket luan$
Tit )!:
Bi A>: BKI TH~C HKNH S [
\N$L- #i< P, Y= i)- :X clR
I1 Pc i!":
51 d3" t-2n Kin th;c ho hc vL c f hc) gi=p $I nhbn %it cc ion !$
|
T
) [
5T
) [
9T
) 8u
5T
)
8#
9
5U
) !#
9
U
.
81 tip t<c -yn Ju1'n K nYng tin hnh th nghi'm.
II1 C$"H- #I $2 c$7 : /-. c:
51 a=ng c= th8 nghiK/: 7ng nghi'm) cvp 7ng nghi'm) gi * 7ng nghi'm) 7ng h=t nhd git)
yn c4n) %Q gi th nghi'm c0i tin.
81 &o ch<t: cc "#ng "7ch: Z!$
|
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5
8#
9
) !"
5
8#
9
) $8J) !"#$) gi1 ,u tm) dung dVch:
[8J
9
) [8J
5
) wI8!) 8uI#
|
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9
) w!#
9
) 8u) $
5
I#
|
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9l

III1 T& c$'c c(c $)* +,-. $c $-$:
G* chia hc Rinh th%nh nhiI# nh/ thEc h%nh` /bi nh/ tc AM7 hc Rinh (d tin h%nh th8
nghK/.
T$6 -.$i`P 5: N$L- #i< i)- NH
A
: CO
>
8m
1
2R cch tin hnh th nghi'm:
M nhd Kho0ng m giQt dd Z!$
|
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5
8#
9
vo 7ng nghi'm 1 ch;" 1n git dung dVch $8J.
M nhd m git dung dVch Z!$
|
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5
8#
9
vo 7ng nghi'm 5 ch;" 1| git dung dVch !"#$.
M nhd m git dung dVch !"
5
8#
9
vo 7ng nghi'm 9 ch;" 1| git dung dVch !"#$.
M un nOng nhz 5 7ng nghi'm) * t-2n m{i 7ng nghi'm mQt mNu gi1 ,u tm Nm. ,u"n st
v nhbn /ct cc hi'n tng /01 -".
#R pu"n st hi'n tng /01 -" v gi0i thch.
T-ong 7ng nghi'm 1 cO cc %t Kh 8#
5
thot -".
\tp: 8#
9
5U
T 5$
T
8#
5
T $
5
#
whi un nOng nhz cc 7ng nghi'm Z5W v Z9W) mNu gi1 ,u tm t-2n 7ng nghi'm 5
chu1*n s"ng mu /"nh do cO Kh !$
9
%"1 J2n.
\tp: 5 !$
|
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T 5 #$
U
5 !$
9
T 5 $
5
#
T-ong 7ng nghi'm 9 KhLng cO ph0n ;ng hO" hc /01 -".
wt Jubn: xu7n nhbn %it 5 dung dVch mu7i c"c%on"t ^ t-2n) t" cho tc d<ng vPi dung dVch
!"#$ d v un nOng nhz) s"u O nhbn %it dd ch;" Z!$
|
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5
8#
9
%&ng Kh %"1 J2n Jm /"nh
,u tm Nm.
T$6 -.$i`P 8: N$L- #i< c(c i)-
>
z
8
1
M nhd 5 git dung dVch wI8! vo 7ng nghi'm 1 ch;" dung dVch [8J
9
.
M nhd 1n git dung dVch !"#$ vo 7ng nghi'm 5 ch;" dung dVch [8J
9
.
M nhd 1n git dung dVch !"#$ vo 7ng nghi'm 9 ch;" dung dVch [8J
5
. Kt t6"
/ut hi'n) * 12n mQt J=c) ,u"n st hi'n tng /01 -".
#R pu"n st hi'n tng v gi0i thch:
T-ong 7ng ngh'm Z1W /ut hi'n mu d mu:
[
9T
T 9 I8!
U
[ZI8!W
9
T-ong 7ng nghi'm Z5W /ut hi'n Kt t6" [Z#$W
9
mu n(u d:
[
9T
T 9 #$
U
[Z#$W
9
T-ong 7ng nghi'm Z9W J=c au /ut hi'n Kt t6" mu t-ng hi /"nh) s"u O chu1*n thnh
mu n(u d nu * t-ong KhLng Kh.
T$6 -.$i`P >: N$L- #i< c2i)- C"
8
aC Tin hnh th nghi'm:
M nhd tr tr 1n git dung dVch !$
9
Jofng vo 7ng nghi'm ch;" git dung dVch
8uI#
|
M nhd tip vo 7ng nghi'm vi git dung dVch !$
9
-4i Jc cho n Khi Kt t6" t"n
ht.
$C $i'n tng /01 -" v gi0i thch.
M J=c au t-ong 7ng nghi'm /ut hi'n Kt t6" mu /"nh J<c .
8uI#
|
T 5 !$
9
T 5 $
5
# 8uZ#$W
5
T Z!$
|
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5
I#
|
M cho tip dung dVch !$
9
vo 7ng nghi'm -4i Jc) Kt t6" t"n ht v tSo dung dVch
cO mu /"nh J"m bm.
8uZ#$W
5
T |!$
9
8uZ!$
9
W
|
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5
T$6 -.$i`P A: N$L- #i< 2-i)- NO
>
m
ID1 H%c Yi-$ :i< Q^-. 3_-$ $6 -.$i`P1
9

Tit N1
Bi: NHN BIT MT S HP CHT HU Cr
I1 Mc i!" cV2 #i $%c:
1. :; Ei<- $'c:
M $i*u c cch sq d<ng mQt s7 thu7c thq vc t-ng * nhbn %it mQt s7 hp
cht h+u c.
M $i*u c cch nhbn %it mQt s7 hp cht h+u c ,u"n t-ng.
5. H K nYng
M -yn Ju1'n K nYng vit phng t-.nh ph0n ;ng hO" hc c6" p h+u c
M }yn Ju1'n K nYng ,u"n st) nhbn /ct cc hi'n tng hO" hc.
II1 chuNn %V:
1. d<ng c<: 7ng nghi'm) gi 7ng nghi'm) Kzp g{) yn c4n.
5. $o cht: "ncoJ [t1Jic) gJi/[-oJ) "n[hit omic) "/it "/[tic) dd gJucoRo) TB) !") 8uZ#$W
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M "ncoJ p vPi !" gi0i phOng Kh
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tc 8u tSo G$) nhbn %it G$ sinh -" %&ng
p t-ng %Sc "ncoJ.
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U ph0n ;ng c6" G$ vPi thu7c thq Iip J p
vc t-ng.
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M !hbn %it chung: ,u tm hO"
d: p vPi !"
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HOT ?NG 5
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vc t-ng c6" "ncoJ e
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hO" hc g. gi7ng v Khc nh"u) tr O cO th*
dgng thu7c thq no * nhbn %it v ph(n %i't
"ncoJ n ch;c v " ch;c e
AH: Jm th nghi'm
$I: c sgK v cho %it cch nhbn %it -i2ng
"ncoJ [t1Jic.
HOT ?NG 8
$di: $f1 nghi2n c;u sgK v cho %it cch
nhbn %it chung cc G$ J g. e
$I: !2u tnh cht hO" hc vc t-ng c6"
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8$
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e ,u
tm...Tr O cho %it cch nhbn %it chung cc
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9
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mu d.
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nOng.
m. hDn $it tinh $!t: "" io"
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Bi tbp 1)5tsgK
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vPi nh+ng "/it Khc e cch nhbn %it.
HOT ?NG A
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$di: * nhbn %it gJucoRo cO th* dung nh+ng
thu7c thq no e hf1 vit cc p /01 -" .
$I: nhbn %it cc J hO" cht mt nhfn.
Tit N2: BKI TH~C HKNH S i
\ N$L- #i< P, Y= $sO c$7 $" clR
Tit N3`N4:
Bi: PHN TCH ?NH LSNG HA HC
I1 Mc i!" #i $%c:
1. Ki<- $'c:
M Bit %0n cht v vc i*m cV2 ph0n ;ng Vnh Jng hO" hc.
M Bit Vnh Jng hO" hc %&ng phng php Kh7i Jng v phng php th* tch.
5. w nYng:
M }yn Ju1'n K nYng J3" chn p thch hp cho phcp ph(n tch.
M Hbn d<ng Kin th;c ph(n tch Vnh tnh t-ong ph(n tch Vnh Jng
M Hbn d<ng Kin th;c * gi0i %i tbp cO Ji2n ,u"n.
II1 8huNn %V c6" gio vi2n:
51 ?<ng c<: %u-[t) pip[t) %.nh t"m gic) ...
81 phMu) c7c h;ng) nPc sSch.
III1 T& c$'c c(c $)* +,-. /*0 $%c:
H)* +,-. 5: C(c O$Ql-. O$(O O$U- 6c$ +I-$ MQs-.:
&c Rinh nghiFn c.# Rg5 +% tr: @0i cc c# hei Ra#:
51 cO m1 phng php ph(n tch Vnh Jng e
81 ?vc +iyP cV2 phng php ph(n tch hO" hc) phng php ph(n tch vbt J v hO" J J
g. e 8h=ng gi7ng nh"u) Khc nh"u nh th no e
>1 C$) %it u nhc i*m c6" m{i phng php e
GD: TOm tt cc Kin c6" hc sinh:
K< M"L-:
|1

8O 5 nhOm phng php ph(n tch Vnh Jng: phng php hO" hc v
phng php cLng c<
\hng php hO" hc d3" vo cc p ho hc v dgng nh+ng d<ng c<) thit %V
n gi0n * /c Vnh Jng cht KhLng ,u nhd.
\hng php vbt J v hO" J Z p
5
cLng c<W thhng dgng m1 mOc) thit %V ph;c
tSp * /c Vnh nh+ng Jng nhd v Jng -t nhd cc cht.
8 s^ c6" phng php ph(n tch hO" hc v phng php cLng c< u J
nh+ng ph0n ;ng hO" hc dgng t-ong ph(n tch.
II1 P$U- 6c$ E$=i MQs-. : O$U- 6c$ $y 6c$:
H)* +,-. 8: P$U- 6c$ E$=i MQs-.:
&c Rinh nghiFn c.# Rg5 +% cho $it:
1. iu Ki'n * mQt ph0n ;ng hO" hc c dgng ph(n tch Kh7i Jng J g. e
5. ?<ng c< ,u"n t-ng nht t-ong ph(n tch Kh7i Jng J g. e
AH: 12u cau $I c 5 v d< t-ong sgK v cho %it:
9. T-ong 5 v d< O) dSng Kt t6" J cht no e ?Sng c(n J cht no e
|. \h(n %i't dSng Kt t6" v dSng c(n e
K< M"L-:
H)* /,-. >: N."0!- wc c$"-. cV2 O$U- 6c$ $y 6c$:
AH 12u cau hc sinh nghi2n c;u sgK v cho %it:
1. ?ung dVch chuNn J g. e
5. i*m tng ng J g. e
9. 8ht ch thV dgng * Jm g. e
|. i*m cu7i J g. e TSi s"o can /c Vnh chnh /c i*m cu7i e
AH /c nhbn Kin c6" hc sinh v Kt Jubn:
K< M"L-:
|5

!h+ng ph0n ;ng hO" hc dgng t-ong ph(n tch Kh7i Jng J nh+ng p tSo
Kt t6" v /01 -" hon ton.
!h+ng cht c c(n ph0i cO thnh phan hO" hc /c Vnh v cO Q tinh
Khit c"o.
?Sng c(n J dSng cO thnh phan /c Vnh) ;ng vPi cLng th;c hO" hc c6" nO.
?Sng Kt t6" ph0i 0m %0o cO Kch thPc hSt JPn) dM Jc) v Khi nung chu1*n
hon ton thnh dSng c(n.
?ung dVch chuNn J thu7c thq f %it chnh /c n4ng Q) d3" vo O /c
Vnh c n4ng Q dung dVch cht can chuNn Q.
i*m tng ng J thhi i*m cht can chuNn Q tc d<ng vr" ht vPi
dung dVch chuNn.
8ht ch thV cho phcp /c Vnh i*m tng ng.
i*m cu7i J thhi i*m Kt th=c s3 chuNn Q. ?3" vo i*m cu7i s %it
c th* tch dung dVch chuNn f p) tr O tnh c n4ng Q cc cht can
chuNn.
B1 P$Ql-. O$(O c$"H- +, 3"-. $) : c$"H- +, )4i $2 E$:
H)* +,-. A: P$Ql-. O$(O c$"H- +, 3"-. $2:
$c sinh c sgK v t-0 Jhi cc c(u hdi s"u:
1. !gu12n tc c6" phng php chuNn Q t-ung hX" J g. e ZchuNn Q "/itU%"RW. _1 v d<
minh hoS.
5. B0n cht c6" p chuNn Q t-ung ho J g. e
9. p$ c6" dung dVch thu c t-ong mi t-hng hp cO nh nh"u KhLng e Ai0i thch v J1
v d< minh hoS.
K< M"L-:
H)* +,-. B: C$"H- +, )4i $2 E$1 P$Ql-. O$(O OP2-.2-21
$c sinh nghi2n c;u sgK v t-0 JXi cc c(u hdi s"u:
1. \hng php p[m"ng"n"t c dgng * /c Vnh n4ng Q cc cht t-ong nh+ng t-hng
hp no e Hit phng t-.nh ph0n ;ng minh hoS.
5. $f1 mL t0 ,u t-.nh chuNn Q /c Vnh n4ng Q ion [
5T
t-ong dung dVch %&ng phng
php p[m"ng"n"t e
K< M"L-:
H)* +,-. W: ?gng %i tbp s7 |tsgK * c6ng c7 Kin th;c t-ng t(m c6" %i
Tit NN
C$Ql-. i: HA HC DK DN ? KINH T HI M@I TRSNG
Bi AW:
HA HC DK NHNG DN ? PH}T TRIaN KINH T
I1 Mc i!" cV2 #i $%c:
1. Ki<- $'c:
|9

51 !gu12n tc c6" phng php chuNn Q t-ung ho ZchuNn Q "/itU%"RW
J dgng dung dVch chuNn J dung dVch "/it mSnh hovc %"R mSnh *
chuNn Q %"R hovc "/it Khc.
81 B0n cht c6" chuNn Q t-ung hX" J p "/itU%"R) p$ c6" dung dVch
thu c th"1 ui Ji2n t<c t-ong ,u t-.nh chuNn Q) ph< thuQc vo
%0n cht c6" "/it hovc %"R can chuNn Q v n4ng Q c6" ch=ng.
\hng php chuNn Q o/i hO" Khq d3" t-2n ph0n ;ng o/i hO" Khq gi+" dung
dVch chuNn v dung dVch cht can chuNn.
\hng php p[m"ng"n"t c dgng t-ong t-hng hp can /c Vnh n4ng Q
c6" cht Khq) t-ong mLi t-hng "/it.
8Yn c; vo s3 th"1 ui mu c6" ion xn#
|
U
tr mu tm d s"ng KhLng mu
* Kt th=c ,u t-.nh chuNn Q.
M Bit nh+ng vn vt -" cho nh(n JoSi: !gu4n nYng Jng %V cSn Ki't) Kh"n
him nhi2n Ji'u) can nh+ng vbt Ji'u mPi p ;ng 12u cau ng1 cng c"o c6" con
nghi.
M Bit c hO" hc s gOp phan gi0i ,u1t nh+ng vn O) nh tSo -" ngu4n
nYng Jng mPi) nh+ng vbt Ji'u mPi...
5. w nYng:
M c v tOm tt thLng tin %i hc.
M Hbn d<ng Kin th;c f hc t-ong chng t-.nh phu thLng * minh hc
M T.m thLng tin tr cc phng ti'n Khc hovc tr th3c tiMn cuQc s7ng.
II1 C$"H- #I:
1. T-"nh 0ng t Ji'u cO Ji2n ,u"n nh ngu4n nYng Jng cSn Ki't) Kh"n him..
2. xQt s7 thLng tin) t Ji'u cbp nhbt nh: nh m1 i'n ngu12n tq) L tL sq d<ng nhi2n Ji'u
hid-o) vbt Ji'u n"no) cmpoRit...
3. " h.nh cO nQi dung v mQt s7 ,u t-.nh s0n /ut hO" hc.
III1 T& c$'c c(c $)* +,-. /*0 $%c
H)* +,-. 5: D7- +; -G-. MQs-. : -$i!- Mi`":
AH 12u cau hc sinh c nh+ng thLng tin t-ong %i) sq d<ng Kin th;c f cO...th0o Jubn v t-0
Jhi cc c(u hdi s"u:
1. !Yng Jng v nhi2n Ji'u cO v"i t-X nh th no 7i vPi s3 pht t-i*n nOi chung v s3
pht t-i*n Kinh t nOi -i2ng e
5. Han nYng Jng v nhi2n Ji'u "ng vt -" cho nh(n JoSi hi'n n"1 J g. e
9. $O" hc f gOp phan gi0i ,u1t vn nYng Jng v nhi2n Ji'u nh th no t-ong hi'n
tSi v tng J"i e
K< M"L-:
H)* +,-. 8: D7- +; -."0!- Mi`" c$) cX-. -.$iÒ:
$I nghi2n c;u sgK ) c cc thLng tin %u sung sq d<ng Kin th;c f cO) t-0 Jhi cc c(u hdi s"u:
1. Hn ngu12n Ji'u "ng vt -" cho cc ngnh Kinh t J g. e
5. $O" hc f gOp phan gi0i ,u1t vn a O nh th no e
$I th0o Jubn * th1 c ngu4n ngu12n Ji'u hO" hc "ng c sq d<ng cho cLng nghi'p hi'n
n"1 J :
M puvng) Khong s0n v cc cht cO sn t-ong vd T-i t.
M whLng Kh v nPc. O J ngu4n ngu12n Ji'u -t phong ph= t-ong t3 nhi2n v
c sq d<ng -Qng -fi t-ong nhiu nhnh cLng nghi'p hO" hc.
M !gu4n ngu12n Ji'u th3c vbt.
M ?au md) Kh) th"n J ngu4n ngu12n Ji'u cho cLng nghi'p tung hp cht do)
t si tung hp) c"o su....
K< M"L-:
||

!h(n JoSi "ng gi0i ,u1t vn thiu nYng Jng v
Kh"n hi2m nhi2n Ji'u do ti2u th< ,u nhiu.
$O" hc gOp phan gi0i ,u1t vn n1 J:
I0n /ut v sq d<ng ngu4n ngu12n Ji'u nh(n tSo th"1 th
cho ngu4n ngu12n Ji'u thi2n nhi2n nh th"n) dau md..
Iq d<ng cc ngu4n nYng Jng mPi mQt cch Kho" hc.
!h(n JoSi "ng gvp ph0i vn : !gu4n ngu12n Ji'u t3 nhi2n "ng sq
d<ng ng1 cng cSn Ki't.
hO" hc f gOp phan: sq d<ng hp J cO hi'u ,u0 ngu4n ngu12n Ji'u ch6
1u cho cLng nghi'p hO" hc. sq d<ng JSi cc vbt Ji'u ph th0i J hPng
tbn d<ng ngu12n Ji'u cho cLng nghi'p hO" hc.
H)* +,-. >: D7- +; :L Mi`":
GD: " -" cc c(u hdi th0o Jubn nh s"u:
1. Hn "ng vt -" v vbt Ji'u cho cc ngnh Kinh t J g. e
2. $O" hc f gOp phan gi0i ,u1t vn a O nh th no e
H)* +,-. A: HQN-. .iZi d"0< :- +; -G-. MQs-. : -$i!- Mi`" c$) Ql-. M2i:
HS ,u"n st h.nh 0nh v c nh+ng thLng tin t-ong %i hc) th0o Jubn v " -" nh+ng Kin .
AH: $Png djn $I th0o Jubn) hon chnh v Kt Jubn.
Tit N7
Bi A[: HA HC DK C}C DN ? HI
I1 Mc i!" cV2 #i $%c:
51 Ki<- $'c: $c sinh hi*u c hO" hc f gOp phan p ;ng nhu cau ng1 cng tYng
v Jng th3c) th3c phNm) m"1 mvc) thu7c ch+" %'nh v tYng chng th* J3c cho con
nghi) c< th* nh:
M I0n /ut c ph(n %On) thu7c %0o v' v pht t-i2n c(1 t-4ng...
M I0n /ut t si tung hp * tSo -" v0i) J[n...
M I0n /ut -" cc JoSi thu7c ch+" %'nh) thu7c %u v thu7c ch7ng g(1 nghi'n)....
81 w nYng:
M \h(n tch c mQt vn "ng vt -" cho nh(n JoSi hi'n n"1 v Jng th3c)
th3c phNm) m"1 mvc) sc Kho.
M !2u c hPng gi0i ,u1t v v d< c< th* v Ong gOp c6" hO" hc vPi trng
Jnh v3c f n2u t-2n.
II1 C$"H- #I:
1. T-"nh 0nh) h.nh v) cc nh m1 s0n /ut ph(n %On) thu7c ch+" %'nh...
2. I7 Ji'u th7ng K2 th3c t v Jng th3c) dc phNm...
III1 T& c$'c c(c $)* +,-. /*0 $%c:
H)* +,-. 5: H2 $%c : :7- +; MQl-. $cz $c O$HP1
T.m hi*u mQt s7 vn "ng vt -" cho nh(n JoSi hi'n n"1 v Jng th3c) th3c phNm.
|m

* gi0i ,u1t vn Kh"n him nYng Jng v cSn Ki't ngu4n ngu12n Ji'u)
cO 9 phng hPng c %0n s"u (1:
T.m cch sq d<ng mQt cch cO hi'u ,u0 ngu4n nYng Jng v nhi2n Ji'u hi'n
cO.
I0n /ut v sq d<ng ngu4n nYng Jng v nhi2n Ji'u nh(n tSo...
Iq d<ng cc ngu4n nYng Jng mPi.
AH 12u cau $I t-0 Jhi mQt s7 c(u hdi. Hn v Jng th3c th3c phNm "ng vt -" cho nh(n
JoSi hi'n n"1 J g. e _ do tSi s"o e
K< M"L-: J) s3 %gng nu d(n s7 v nhu cau c6" con nghi ng1 cng c"o) do O vn vt
-" 7i vPi Jng th3c) th3c phNm J: whLng nh+ng can tYng v s7 Jng m cXn tYng v cht
Jng.
AH hdi: $O" hc f gOp phan f gOp phan gi0i ,u1t nh+ng vn Ji2n ,u"n n Jng th3c)
th3c phNm nh th no e
$I: th0o Jubn cc nQi dung: ;ng d<ng c6" cc cht f hc )vc %i't J c"%ohid-"t) cht %co)
p-ot[in....v Kin th;c th3c ti2n * th0o Jubn....v -=t -" Kt Jubn.
K< M"L-: H2 hc f gOp phan Jm tYng s7 Jng v cht Jng v Jng th3c) th3c phNm.
!ghi2n c;u v s0n /ut cc cht hO" hc cO tc d<ng %0o v' v pht t-i*n Qng th3c vbt nh:
ph(n %On) thu7c t-r s(u) di't cd) Kch thch sinh t-^ng.... B&ng phng php hO" hc) tYng
chng ch %in th3c phNm nh(n tSo hovc ch %in th3c phNm th[o cLng ngh' hO" hc tSo -" s0n
phNm cO cht Jng c"o hn.
H)* +,-. 8: H2 $%c : :7- +; P20 Pvc:
$c sinh t.m hi*u vn m"1 mvc f v "ng vt -" cho nh(n JoSi v v"i t-X c6" hO" hc t-ong
vi'c gi0i ,u1t cc vn t-2n nh thc no e
M !u con nghi ch d3" vo t si thi2n nhi2n nh %Lng) "1) g"i)...th. KhLng 6.
M !g1 n"1 vi'c s0n /ut -" t) si hO" hc f p ;ng c nhu cau m"1 mvc cho
nh(n JoSi.
M Io vPi t t3 nhi2n Z si %Lng) si g"i) t t&mW) t hO" hc nh t visco) t "/[t"t)
t niJon) ....cO nhiu u i*m nui %bt: d"i) n h4i) mm mSi) nhz) /7p) zp v -
tin.
M 8c JoSi t si hO" hc c s0n /ut %&ng phng php cLng nghi'p n2n df p
;ng c nhu cau v s7 Jng ) cht Jng v m thubt.
H)* +,-. >: H2 $%c : Y'c E$) c)- -.Qî:
$c sinh c thLng tin t-ong %i hc) vbn d<ng Kin th;c th3c tiMn v cc thLng tin %u sung v
cc JoSi thu7c v t.m hi*u thnh phan hO" hc chnh c6" mQt s7 JoSi thu7c thLng d<ng. !2u mQt
s7 %'nh hi*m nghyo can ph0i cO thu7c vc t-V mPi cO th* ch+" c.... Tr O cho %it vn f
v "ng vt -" 7i vPi ngnh dc phNm v Ong gOp c6" hO" hc gi=p gi0i ,u1t vn O
nh th no e
K< M"L-:
M N$i;" M)*i %'nh KhLng th* ch dgng cc JoSi c(1 cd t3 nhi2n t-3c tip * ch+"
t-V.
M N.-$ $O" dc f gOp phan tSo -" nh+ng JoSi thu7c t(n dc cO nhiu u th:
sq d<ng n gi0n ) Khdi %'nh nh"nh) hi'u ,u0 vc %i't 7i vPi mQt s7 %'nh do
vi-ut v mQt s7 %'nh hi*m nghyo...
H%c Yi-$ t.m hi*u mQt s7 cht g(1 nghi'n ) m" tu v cO thi Q phXng ch7ng tch c3c. T.m
hi*u sch gio Kho" v t-0 JXi cc c(u hdi:
1. x" t=1 J g. e
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