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n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)

GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 1


I. Phn Hm S
Bi 1: Biu din cc tp hp sau trn trc s ri cho kt qu:
1)
( ) 3;3 ( 2;1)
2)
( | ( ) ;0 3; +
3)
( ) | |
1;3 0;6
4)
( ) ( |
3;3 \ 1;5
5)
( | | ) 3;2 1;3
6)
( |
\ 0;3 R
Bi 2: Tm tp xc nh ca hm s sau:
1)


2)
2
7
2 3
x
y
x x
+
=
+

3)
4)
( )( )
2 3
2 3 2
x
y
x x
+
=
+

5)
2
2 1 y x x = + +
6)
1
3 2
1
y x
x
=
+

7)
3
4
1
y x
x
= +


8)
1
, x 3
2 1
4 , x< 3
x y
x

>


Bi 3: Xc nh tnh chn l ca cc hm s sau:
1)
4 2
3 2 y x x = +
2)
1
y x
x
=
3)
3
3 4 y x x = +
4) 3 y x = +
5)
1
2
x
y
x
+
=


6)
( )
2
3 y x =
7)
3
1
x
y
x
=


8) 1 1 y x x = + +
9)
2 2
3 3
x x
y
x x
+
=
+ +

Bi 4: Tm gi tr ca hm s:
3 8, x < 2
( )
2 1, x 2
x
y f x
x

+
= =

+ >

ti cc im x = -3 ; x = -2 ; x = 0 ; x = 3
Bi 5: Xc nh hm s y = ax + b bit ng thng i qua hai im M(-1;3), N(1;2)
Bi 6: Xc nh hm s y = ax + b trong cc trng hp sau:
a) ng thng trn ct ng thng y = 2x + 5 ti im c honh bng -2 v ct ng thng
y = -3x + 4 ti im c tung bng -2.
b) ng thng trn song song vi ng thng
1
2
y x = v i qua giao im ca hai ng thng
1
1, y 3 5
2
y x x = + = +

Bi 7: Xt s bin thin v v th ca hm s: 1 2 y x = +
Bi 8: Cho hm s: y = x + 2
a) Xt chiu bin thin v v th hm s: y = x + 2.
b) Tm giao im ca th hm s y = x + 2 v th hm s y = -3x + 1
n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 2
c) Da vo th trn v th hm s trn hy v th hm s y = 2 x +
Bi 9: Xc nh hm s: y = 2x
2
+ bx + c bit rng th ca n
a) C trc i xng l ng thng x = 1 v ct trc tung ti im M(0;4)
b) C nh l I(-1;-2)
c) i qua hai im A(0;-1) v B(4;0)
d) C honh nh l 2 v i qua im N(1;-2)
Bi 10: Xc nh hm s: y = ax
2
4x + c, bit rng th ca n
a) i qua hai im A(1;-2), B(2;3)
b) C nh I(-2;-1)
c) C honh nh l -3 v i qua im P(-2;1)
d) C trc i xng l ng thng x = 2 v ct trc honh ti im Q(3;0)
Bi 11: Cho hm s: y = -x
2
+4x -3(P)
a) Xt s bin thin v v th hm s
b) Tm giao im ca (P) vi ng thng (d): y = -x + 1
c) Da vo (P) hy v th hm s y =
2
4 3 x x +
d) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh: -x
2
+4x -4 m = 0
Bi 12: Cho hm s y = x
2
-2x +1 (P).
a) Hy xt chiu bin thin v v th (P) ca hm s
b) Da vo (P) v trn hy v th ca hm s:
2
2 1 y x x = +
Bi 13: Hy v th ca cc hm s sau:
a) 3 2
2
= x x y , b)
2
4 2 y x x = + , c) 2 1 x + y =x


II.Phng trnh
Bi 1:Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) 2x
4
-3x
2
+ 1 =0
b) x
4
+ 5x
2
+ 4 =0
c)
d)
2 1 2
3 3
x x
x x
+ +
=


e)


f)
3 1
3
3
x
x
x
+
=
+


g)
1 2
1
1 2 x x
+ =
+

k)
1 3 5
2 2 2
x x
x x


h)
2 2
4 5 3 3
( )
3 5 3 2
x x
t x
x x x x x
+ = = +
+ + +

k)
2 2
(3 5) (3 2) x x = +
Bi 2:Cho phng trnh:


a) Gii phng trnh vi m = 3.
b)Tm m phng trnh c hai nghim tri.
c) Gii v bin lun phng trnh trn theo m.
Bi 3:Tm m phng trnh sau c hai nghim x
1
,x
2
tho mn:
a)


b)

( ) c


n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 3
c)


5
9

d)


. n: a) m = 0;1 b) m =-3 c) 50/57 d) -13
Bi 4: Cho phng trnh

( )


Tm m phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit v tch ca hai nghim bng 8.
Bi 5: Cho phng trnh

( ) c hai nghim

.Tm m biu thc:


P =

t gi tr nh nht.
Bi 6: Cho phng trnh

( ) c hai nghim

. Tm m biu thc:
P =

t gi tr ln nht.
. n: m = 27/8.
Bi 7: Cho ph-ng trnh: x
2
- 2(m- 1)x + m
2
- 3m = 0

a) Gii ph-ng trnh vi m = 2
b) Tm m ph-ng trnh c mt nghim x = - 2. Tm nghim cn li
c) Tm m ph-ng trnh c hai nghim phn bit . Khi tm h
thc lin h gia x
1
v x
2
khng ph thuc m .
d)Tm m ph-ng trnh c hiu hai nghim bng 2 .
e) Tm m ph-ng trnh c hai nghim x
1
v x
2
tho mn: x
1
2
+ x
2
2

= 8
f) Tm gi tr nh nht ca A = x
1
2
+ x
2
2


Bi 8:
Tm m ph-ng trnh:

c ba nghim x
1
, x
2
,
x
3
, tho mn
2 2 2
1 2 3
x x x + + nh nht.

Bi 9: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) 2 4 1 x x =
b) 4 1 2 5 x x + = +
c) 0 1 1 5
2
= x x
d) 2 4 3 = + x x

e)
2
3 5 2 3 x x x = +

f)
2
1
2
x
x
x

=


g) 5x+2 + 3x- 4 =4x+5

h) 2 2 2 1 5 x x + + =










n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 4
Bi 10: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) =
2
5 x x 1
b)
2
9 1 2 x x x + + =
c)
2
2 4 2 x x x =
d) + = 3x +1 x 4 1
e) + = + 9 5 2 x x 4
f) = 1 x 6- x -5- 2x
g)
2 2
4 2 8 12 6 x x x x = +
h)
2
x + 9- x = -x +9x +9

Bi11: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
2
25 1 x x =
b) + + = 9 16- x x 7
c) 5x +7- 3x +1= x +3
d) ( )( )
2
4 1 3 5 2 6 x x x x + + + + =
e)
2
2 4 6 11 x x x x + = +
f) 11 11 4 x x x x + + + + =
g) + + + + = 2 x 2 2 x 1 x 1 4
k)
2
2 7 2 1 8 7 1 x x x x x + = + + +
h)
2 2
2x +8x +6+ x -1=2(x +1)


Bi 12: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
2 2
x - 3x+3+ x - 3x+6=3
b)
2 2 2
x +x +7+ x +x +2 = 3x +3x +19


c)
2
2x +3+ x +1=3x - 16+2 2x +5x +3
d)
2
2 1 3 1 0 x x x + + =
III. H phng trnh.
Bi 1: Gii cc h phng trnh sau:

a)
3 4 2
5 3 4
x y
x y
=

+ =


b)
4 5 3
7 3 8
x y
x y
+ =

+ =


c)
2 3 2 4
4 9 2
8 4
x y z
y z
y z
+ =

+ =

+ =



d)
3 2 2
5 3 2 10
2 2 3 9
x y z
x y z
x y z
+ =

+ =


e)
6
7
11
x y z
xy yz xz
xy yz zx
+ + =

+ =

+ + =


f)
( ) ( )
2 2
18
. 1 . . 1 72
x x y y
x x y y
+ + + =

+ + =



n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 5
Bi 2: Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
a)
2 2
2 7 0
2 2 4 0
x y
y x x y
=

+ + + =



b)
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 1 0
3 32 5 0
x y x y
x y
+ + + =

+ =



c)

2 2
x +y +xy =7
x +y +xy =5

d)

2 2
x + y + xy = 4
x + y + xy =2


e)

3 3 3 3
x +y +x y =17
x +y +xy =5


f)

4 4 2 2
2 2
x +y +x y =21
x +y +xy =7



Bi 3: Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
a)

2
2
x =3x - 4y
y =3y - 4x


b)

2
2
x =3x +2y
y =3y +2x

c)

2 2
2 2
x - 2y =2x + y
y - 2x =2y + x


d)

1 3
2x + =
y x
1 3
2y + =
x y

Bi 4: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
2
x - 2 x +2=-2x +2+2 x - 4

b) ( )( ) x +1+ 4- x + x +1 4- x =5

c)
3 3
12 14 2 x x + + =

d)
3 3 3
2 3 2 1 x x x + + = +


e)
4 4
56 41 5 x x + + =
Bi 5:Gii cc pt trnh sau:
a)
3
x - 2 + x +1 = 3
b) (A-2009 ): 2
3
3x - 2 +3 6- 5x - 8= 0
c) x+ + =
2 2
17 x x 17 x 9
d)
2 2 2 2
3 7 3 2 3 5 1 3 4 x x x x x x x + = + (Lin hp: x = 2)
e) + = 3x +1 x 4 1
( Lin hp: x =5)
n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 6
f)
= 3 3 2 x-1 x
( Lin hp: x = 2)
g)
1
4 1 3 2 ( 3)
5
x x x + = +
( lin hp: x= 2)
h) ( )
3 2 2 2 6 x x x + = + +
( Lin hp: x = 3; x =
11 3 5
2

)
k)
2
3 1 6 3 14 8 0 x x x x + + =

Bi6: Gii h ph-ng trnh:
/a)
( )( )
2
2 2 9
4 6
x x x y
x x y
+ + =

+ + =



b)
( ) ( )
( )( )
2
2
1 4
1 2
x y x y y
x x y y

+ + + =

+ + =



c)
2 2
2 2
3 4 1
3 2 9 8 3
x y x y
x y x y
+ + =



d)
3 3 3
2 2
1 19
6
x y x
y xy x
+ =

+ =



f)
2 2 2
1 7

1 13
xy x y
x y xy y
+ + =

+ + =



g)
( )
( )
2
2
1 3 0

5
1 0
x x y
x y
x
+ + =

+ + =

...
h)
( )

+ + + + =

+ + + =

2 3 2
4 2
5
x y x y xy xy
4

5
x y xy 1 2x
4


g)
( )

+ =

3 3 3
2 2
y x 9 x

x y y 6x

n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 7
e)
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
1
1 5
1
1 49
x y
xy
x y
x y

| |
+ + =
|
\ .

| |

+ + =
|

\ .








IV. Bt phng trnh, h bt phng trnh
Bi 1:Tm iu kin ri suy ra tp xc nh ca cc bt phng trnh sau:
a)
( )
2
1 1
2
x 3
x 1
+ >

+

b) x 5 1 3 2x < +
c)
( )
2
2
x 1
2x 3 0
x 2
+
+ >


d)
( )
2
x 1
x 1
x 2
+
< +


e)
x 1
x 3 x 3
<


f)
1
3 x 1 2x
x 2
+ > +


g)
( )( )
x 1 1 1
x 2 x 3 x 4
x 1
+
+ >


h)
2
3
2
1 x
2x 1
x 3x 2
+
s
+

Bi 2: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a)
( )
x 3
2 x 1 x 3
3
+
+ > +
b)
( ) ( ) ( ) x 7 x 6 x 1 x 2 x + <
c)
( ) x 2 . x 3. x 4 0 + + + s
d) ( ) ( )
2
x 1 x 2 0 >
e)
( ) ( )( ) x 2 x 3 x 4 0 + + + <
f)
( )( )
1 x 3 2 1 x 5 1 x 3 + >
g)
( ) x 4 x 5
2
x 5

s



Bi 3: Gii cc h bt phng trnh sau v biu din tp nghim trn trc s:
a)
3
3x x 2
5
6x 3
2x 1
2

+ < +

< +


b)
4x 5
x 3
6
7x 4
2x 3
3
+
<

+ >


c)
( )
( )
3 2x 7
3
2x
5 3
5 3x 1
1
x
2 2

+ >

<



d)
3x 1 3 x x 1 2x 1
2 3 4 3
2x 1 4
3 x
5 3
+ +
s

< +


Bi 4:Gii v bin lun bt phng trnh sau theo m:
a)
2
mx m 2x 4 >
b)
( ) x 1 m x 2 > +
n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 8
Bi 5: Tm m h bt phng trnh sau c nghim:
2
x 4m 2mx 1
3x 2 2x 1
+ s +

+ >


HD: Nu m<1/2 th (1)=> x 1 2m s + => h c nghim khi -3 < 1+ 2m hay m > -2. Kt hp vi k
m<1/2 => -2 < m <1/2
Nu m = 1/2 th (1) => 0.xs0 lun ng => h lun c nghim x > - 3
Nu m > 1/2 th (1) => x 1 2m > + => h lun c nghim x 1 2m > + .
Vy h c nghim khi m > -2
Bi 6: Tm m h bt phng trnh sau v nghim:
2
mx 9 3x m
4x 1 x 6
+ < +

+ < +


.n: 2 m 3 s s

Bi 7: Xt du cc biu thc sau bng cch lp bng:
a)
( )( )( ) f (x) 3x 1 x 2 x 4 = +
b)
( )( )
2x 1
f (x)
x 1 x 3
+
=
+

c)
1 1
f (x)
3 x 3 x
=
+

d)
2
2
x 6x 8
f (x)
x 8x 9
+
=
+

e)
( ) ( )
2
x 1
f (x)
x 1 x 3
+
=


f)
2
4 2
x 4x 4
f (x)
x 2x
+ +
=


Bi 8: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a)
( )( )( ) 1 2x x 2 x 4 0 + >
b)
2
1
3 x
<


c)
4x 1
3
3x 1
+
s
+

d)
2
2
x x 3
1
x 4
+
>


e)
1 1 1
x 1 x 2 x 2
+ >
+

f) x 2 2x 1 x 1 + + + s +
A. BT PHNG TRNH CHA N TRONG DU TR TUYT I
L thuyt: Dng c bn:

2 2
f (x) a
1) f (x) a a f (x) a
f (x) a
f (x) 0
f (x) a f (x) a
2) f (x) a hoc f (x) a
f (x) a f (x) 0
f (x) a
3) f (x) g(x) f (x) g (x)
>
s s s

s

>

> s

> >


> <

>

s s

Bi 9: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a) 3x 5 2 <
e)
2 x
2
x 1

>
+

n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 9
b) 5 8x 11 s
c) x 2 2x 3 >
d) x 1 x x 2 + s +
f)
x 1
2
x 1
+
s


h)
x 1
1
x 2

<
+

Bi 10: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a) 2 x 1 x 4 + > +
b) x 1 2 x 1 < +
c)
x 3 x
1
x 2
+ +
>
+

d)
2
3x
1
x 4
<


e)
2
x 6 x 5x 9 > +
f)
2
x 2x 3 3x 3 <
g)
2
x x 5 0 + <
h)
2
x 6x 7 x 6 + < +
k)
2
2
x 3x 1
3
x x 1
+
<
+ +


* Bi luyn tp: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
1) 6 ( 6 1 7)
2) 5 6 ( 1 2 3 6)
3) 5 4 2 ( 2 2 4)
1 1
4) 3 2 1 ( )
4 2
5) 5 9 6 (1 3)
6) 2 4 0 ( 2 1)
1
7) 1 2 ( )
2
8) 1 2 3 ( 0 2)
2
9) 3 5 3 ( )
3
< < < +
< < < v < <
+ > < + v >
< < <
+ < < <
+ > > v <
< >
+ > < v >
+ < >
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x
x x x x

2
2
2
1) 2 4 2 , ( 3 5)
4 2
2) 1 , ( )
2 5
2 5
3) 1 0 (3 2)
3
2
10
4) 3 ( 3 )
5 6 3
2
6) 2 (0 1)
2 3
3 1 1 3
9) 1 ( )
1 4 2 4 2
s + s v >

s >
+ +

+ > = >

> < s
+
+
> < s

s s s v s s
+
x x x x x
x x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x
x








n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 10






B. BT PHNG TRNH CHA N TRONG DU CN
L thuyt: Dng c bn:
2
2
f (x) 0 f (x) 0
f (x) 0
1) f (x) g(x) g(x) 0 ; 2) f (x) g(x) g(x) 0
f (x) g(x)
f (x) g(x)
f (x) g (x)
g(x) 0
g(x) 0
f (x) 0
f (x) 0
3) f (x) g(x)
g(x) 0
g(x) 0
f (x) 0
f (x) g (x)
> >
>

s > < >

s


s
<

<
<
>

>

>
>

>

>

>

2
f (x) g (x)

>

Bi
11: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a)
2
x 3x 5 x 1 <
b)
2
x 2x 1 x >
c)
2
4 5 2 3 + + > x x x
d)
2
2x 6x 1 x 2 0 + + >

e)
3 x + < 2 x
f) 7 1 3 18 2 7 + s + x x x

g)
2 2
1 1 3 + < x x

Bi 12: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a) 2 6
2
+ > + x x x ( 3 s x )
b) 1 ) 1 ( 2
2
+ s x x ( 3 1 1 s s v = x x )
c) x x x < 12
2
( 4 > x )
e) x x x > + 2 6 5 2
2
( 1 10 > v s x x )

f) 1 2 4 11 + > + x x x

( 5 4 s s x )
g) 1 5 5 3 > + x x ( 4 > x )
h) x x x s + + 1 2 (
3
3 2 3 +
> x )
k)
3
7
3
3
) 16 ( 2
2

> +

x
x
x
x
x


* Bi luyn tp: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
1 x
n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 11
2
2
1) 7 6 3 2 (1 6)
1
2) 4 1 ( 4 0 )
6
7
3) ( 1)(4 ) 2 ( 1 )
2
+ < + s s
+ + < s v s <
+ > s v <
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x

4) x x x 3 1 4 1 5 s + (
1
4
x >
)
5) 5 1 1 2 4 ( 10 2) > < v > x x x x x
6)
2 3
5 4 3 ( 3 4 )
3
+ + > + > v < + x x x x x

7)
2 2
2 5 4 2 4 3
( 1; 1 2 6; 1 2 6; 1)
+ + s + +
s > s + >
x x x x
x x x x


8)
2 2
2 4 3 3 2 1 ( 3; 1) + + > > s x x x x x x
9) x x x x 2 7 1 10 5
2 2
> + + ( 1 3 > v s x x )
10) 28 5 5 ) 4 )( 1 (
2
+ + < + + x x x x ( 9< x< 4)

11)
2 2 2
3 2 4 3 2 5 4 x x x x x x + + + > +

(
4 x > V x =1)
12)
( ) ( )
2 2
x 2 x 3x 4 x 4 x 2 4 x 8 + s s v s s
13)
2
1 1 4 2 1 1
3 ( ; ;0 )
4 2 2
x
x x x
x

< < > < s

15)
2
3x 16x 5 1
2 x 1 3 x 5
x 1 3
+ | |
s s < v s s
|

\ .

16)
( )
1 8x 3
4 x
4x

> eC
Bi7 Gii cc BPT sau:
a)
2
5
2 3 5 1 3
2
x x x x
| |
< s <
|
\ .

b) ( )
2
2 1 2 x x x x > >
c)
2 2
3 3
1 3 1 1 ; 1
2 2
x x x x
| |
< s < < s
|
|
\ .

d) x + 2 - x - 6 > 2 ( x s < 6 7)
e) ( ) s s s 2 3 4 2x +1 x x - 3 x
f) < x +3 - x - 1 x - 2
2 21
3
x
| |
>
|
|
\ .
;
( ) x 1 2 x 2 5x 1 2 x 3 + + s + s s
g) (x+2) x x x s
2 2
3 4 4; ( 2;4 8 x x s s s ) ( ) ( ) HD: x 2 x 2 0 ...
(
+ s


h)
2
1 1 4 1 1
3 ; 0
2 2
x
x x
x
| |
< s s =
|
\ .
HD: lin hp:
( )
2
2
0
4
3; 0
4 3. 1 1 4
1 1 4
x
x
x
x x
x
=

< =

< +
+


k) ( )
2 2 2
3 2 4 3 2 5 4 4; 1 x x x x x x x x + + + > + > =
m) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 5 2 3 3 0 4; 1 x x x x x x + + + > < >
n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 12
n)
2 2
1
4 3 2 3 1 1 1;
2
x x x x x x x
| |
+ + > = s
|
\ .
HD: phn tch thnh tch
i) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2
4 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 + + < < < + x x x x x x
HD:
( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 3 2 2
4 4 4 2 0 dat: t = 4 >0 ta co: -t -t +2<0 1 2 2 >0 t>1 x x x x x x x x t t t + + + < + + +
j)
( )
2 2
x 25
x 4 8 x x HD:dat t= x 4,t 0 t x 4 taco: t 2 2 4 t
4 4
| |
+ > > > = + >
|
\ .
<=>
2
3
2t t 6 0 t
2
+ > > ...
p) (A-2010):
( )
x x
x x
2
1
1 2 1

>
+
. HD: ta c:
( )
x x x
2
2
1 3 3
2 1 2
2 2 2
| |
+ = + >
|
\ .
MS 0 <
Do vi x 0 > BPT tng ng vi:
( )
x x x x
2
2 1 1 + s + + . Thy x = 0 khng l nghim
ca BPT
Nn x>0. Chia c 2 v cho x >0 ta c: x x
x x
1 1
2 1 1
| |
+ s + +
|
\ .
.
t t = x x t
x x
2
1 1
2 => + = + ta c:
( )
t
t t t
t t
2
2
1
2 1 1 1
2 1 0
>
+ s + =

+ s


x x x x x
x
1 1 5 3 5
1 1 0
2 2
+
= + = = =


C). BI TP NGH


Bi 5: Gii v bin lun cc bt phng trnh sau:
1) m x 2 > x
n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 13
2) 3 x 2
2
+ < x m
3) m x m 2 x > m 3 x


III. PHNG PHP HM S
Phng php ny da vo vic kho st mt vi tnh cht c bit no ca hm s
dn n kt lun nghim cho phng trnh, bt phng trnh ang xt.

V d : Gii bt phng trnh: 9 2 4 5 x x + + + > .
Gii: Xt hm s 9 2 4 y x x = + + + , ta thy ngay hm s ny ng bin trn tp xc nh 2 x > .Ta
c f(0) = 5 do :
+ Vi x > 0 th f(x) > f(0) = 5 nn x > 0 l nghim.
+ Vi 2 0 ( ) (0) 5 x f x f s s s = nn 2 0 x s s khng l nghim.Tm li: x>0 l nghim.
IV. P DNG BT NG THC
1). MT S V D
V d 1: Tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s 2 4 y x x = + v p dng gii phng trnh:
2
2 4 6 11 x x x x + = + .
Gii: p dng bt ng thc :
2 2 2
2( ) ( ) a b a b + > + .ta c:
( )
2
2( 2 4 ) 2 4 2 x x x x y + > + > . Do y ln nht bng 2 khi v ch khi:
2 4 3 x x x = = .Mt khc
2 2
6 11 ( 3) 2 2. x x x x + = + > nn:
2
2
2 4 2
2 4 6 11 3
6 11 2
x x
x x x x x
x x

+ =

+ = + =

+ =


V d 2: Gii phng trnh
x 3 +
x
1
= 4
8
x (1)
Gii.
n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 14
MX: x > 0
C
4
x
1
x 3 +
=
8
x
1
x
1
x x x x x x + + + + + + +
>
8
x (2) x > 0 (BT Csi)
Vy (1) du = (2) xy ra x =
x
1
x = 1.
V d 3: Gii phng trnh
2 x + x 4 =
2
x 6x + 11. (1)
Gii.
* Cch 1
| |
2
) 1 ( VT s (
2
1 +
2
1 )(x 2 + 4 x) = 4. (BT Bunhiacopxki)
VT s 2.
VP(1) =
2
) 3 x ( + 2 > 2.
Vy (1)

=
=
2 ) 1 ( VP
2 ) 1 ( VT

0 3 x
1
x 4
1
2 x
x = 3.
* Cch 2
t A x 2 4 x = +
2 2 2
A 2 2 (x 2)(4 x) A 2 (x 2) (4 x) A 4 = + s + + s (BT Csi)
VT s 2 vi 2 s x s 4
Du bng xy ra khi v ch khi x 2 = 4 x x = 3
Mt khc VP =
2 2
x 6x 11 (x 3) 2 2 + = + > , du bng xy ra khi v ch khi x = 3
Suy ra phng trnh cho tng ng vi h
2
x 2 4 x 2
x 3
x 6x 11 2

+ =

+ =


Vy x = 3 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh

V d 4: Gii phng trnh

3 x 7 x 3
2
+ + 4 x 3 x
2
+ = 2 x
2
+ 1 x 5 x 3
2
(1)
n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 15
Gii.
Vit 3 x 7 x 3
2
+ = ) 2 x ( 2 1 x 5 x 3
2

4 x 3 x
2
+ = ) 2 x ( 3 2 x
2

Vy (1)

>
>
=
0 1 x 5 x 3
0 2 x
0 2 x
2
2
x = 2.
V d 5: Gii phng trnh

2 2 2
3x 6x 7 5x 10x 14 4 2x x + + + + + = (1)
Gii.
2 2 2
(1) 3(x 1) 4 5(x 1) 9 5 (x 1) + + + + + = +
VT(1) 5, VP(1) 5, x > s
VT(1) 5
(1) x 1 0 x 1
VP(1) 5
=
+ = =


Vy x = -1 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh

V. GII BT PHNG TRNH BNG CCH NHN LNG LIN HP

MT S V D:
V d 1: Gii bt phng trnh

2
1 1 4x
3
x

<
Bng cch nhn lng lin hp bt phng trnh tng ng
( )
2
2
2 2
4x
3
x 1 1 4x
x 0 x 0
4x 3 3 1 4x 3 1 4x 4x 3
<
+
= =



< + >



n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 16

2
1 4x c ngha th
1 1
x
2 2
s s . V x s
1
2
4x 3< 0
Do (1),(2)
x 0
1 1
x
2 2
=


s s

. Tp nghim { }
1 1
S ; \ 0
2 2
(
=
(


V d 2: Gii bt phng trnh

2
12x 8
2x 4 2 2 x
9x 16

+ >
+
(1)
Bng cch nhn lng lin hp bt phng trnh tng ng
( )
2
2
6x 4 2(6x 4)
(3x 2) 9x 16 2 2x 4 2 2 x 0
2x 4 2 2 x
9x 16

(
> + + + >

+ +
+
(2)
Li thc hin php nhn lin hp
( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
(2) (3x 2) 9x 16 4 12 2x 4 8 2x 0
(3x 2) 9x 8x 32 16 8 2x 0
(3x 2) x 2 8 2x x 2 8 2x 0 (3)
(
+ + >
(

+ >
+ + >


2
8 2x c ngha th -2 s x s 2. Do
2
x 2 8 x 2 8 2x > + + >0 nn
( )
2
2 2
(3) (3x 2) x 2 8 2x 0
3x 2 0 3x 2 0
(I) (II)
x 2 8 2x 0 x 2 8 2x 0
>
> <

v

> <



Gii (I)
4 2
x 2
3
< s
Gii (II)
2
2 2
2
x 0 0 x<
2 2
2 x 0 0 x< 2 x< 3
3 3 8 2x 0
x 32 8x

< s

v s < v s s

>

<


Vy
2 4 2
S 2; ; 2
3 3
| (
|
=
( |

.
\



n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 17











V. T s lng gic ca cung lng gic
A- L thuyt.
1. Cng thc lng gic c bn.
( )
( )
( )
sin k2 sin
cos( k2 ) cos
tan k tan
cot k cot
o+ t = o
o+ t = o
o+ t = o
o+ t = o

2 2
sin cos 1
sin
tan , k
cos 2
cos
cot , k
sin
o+ o =
o t
o = o = + t
o
o
o = o = t
o

2
2
2
2
1
1 tan
cos
1
1 cot
sin
1
cot , k
tan 2
= + o
o
= + o
o
t
o = o =
o

2.Gi tr lng gic ca cc gc (cung) c lin quan c bit.
sin(t -o ) = sino
cos(t -o )= - coso
( )
( )
tan tan
cot cot
to = o
to = o

o o
t
cos
2
sin = |
.
|

\
|

o o
t
sin
2
cos = |
.
|

\
|

tan cot
2
cot tan
2
t | |
o = o
|
\ .
t | |
o = o
|
\ .

sin(-o ) = - sino
cos(-o ) = coso
tan(-o ) = - tano
cot(-o ) = - coto
sin(t +o ) = - sino
cos(t +o )= - coso
( )
( )
tan tan
cot cot
t+o = o
t+o = o

3. Mt s cng thc lng gic thng gp.
a) Cng thc cng.

n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 18

cos( ) cos .cos -sin .sin
cos( ) cos .cos sin .sin
sin( ) sin .cos cos .sin
sin( ) sin .cos cos .sin
o+| = o | o |
o| = o |+ o |
o+| = o |+ o |
o| = o | o |

tan tan
tan( )
1 tan tan
tan tan
tan( )
1 tan tan
o+ |
o+| =
o |
o |
o| =
+ o |


b) Cng thc nhn i.

2 2 2 2
2
sin2 2sin .cos
cos2 cos sin 2cos 1 1 2sin
2tan
tan2
1 tan
o = o o
o = o o = o = o
o
o =
o

c) Cng thc h bc.

2 2
1 cos2 1 cos2
sin ; cos
2 2
o + o
o = o =



d) Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng.

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
cos .cos cos cos
2
1
sin .sin cos cos
2
1
sin .cos sin sin
2
( o | = o | + o +|

( o | = o | o +|

( o | = o | + o +|


e) Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch.

cos cos 2cos cos
2 2
cos cos 2sin sin
2 2
sin sin 2sin cos
2 2
sin sin 2cos cos
2 2
o+| o|
o+ | =
o+| o|
o | =
o+| o|
o+ | =
o+| o|
o | =


4. Bng gi tr lng gic ca cc cung c bit.
Gc
0
0
30
0
45
0
60
0
90
0
120
0
135
0
150
0
180
0
0
6
t

4
t

3
t

2
t

2
3
t

3
4
t

5
6
t
t
n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 19
sino 0
1
2

2
2

3
2

1
3
2

2
2

1
2
0
cos o 1
3
2

2
2

1
2
0
1
2

2
2

3
2

-1
tano 0
1
3

1
3
kx
-
3 -1

1
3

0
cot o kx
3
1
1
3

0

1
3

-1
3
kx
* Ch :
cos 0 o> khi im ngn ca cung othuc gc phn t th I v IV
cos 0 os khi im ngn ca cung othuc gc phn t th II v III
sin 0 o> khi im ngn ca cung othuc gc phn t th I v II
sin 0 os khi im ngn ca cung othuc gc phn t th III v IV
B- Cc bi tp p dng.
Bi 1: Tnh cc gi tr lng gic ca gc obit.
a) sino=
2 3
v <
5 2
t
t o < c) tano=
15 3
v <
8 2
t
t o <
b) cos o= 0,8
3
v < 2
2
t
o < t d) cot o=
19
v <
7 2
t
o < t

Bi 2: n gin cc biu thc sau.
a) A =
( ) cos sin
2
t | |
o + ot
|
\ .

b) B = cos sin cos sin
2 2 2 2
t t t t | | | | | | | |
o + o o+ o+
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

c) C =
3 3 7 7
cos sin cos sin
2 2 2 2
t t t t | | | | | | | |
o o + o o
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

d) D =
( )
5 13
sin cos 3sin 5 2sin cos
2 2
t t | | | |
o o o t o o
| |
\ . \ .

e) E =
( )
11 11
cos 5 2sin sin
2 2
t t | | | |
t+o o +o
| |
\ . \ .

f) F =

( ) ( )
3 3
1 cot sin 1 tan cos + o o+ + o o

g) T =
1 cos sin
2 2
1 cos sin
2 2
o o
+
o o

G =
2 2
2 2
sin tan
cos cot
o o
o o

h) M =
( )
( )
( ) ( )
0
0 0
0
cot cot 270
2cos 135 cos 135
cot cot 270
o+ + o
+ o o
o + o

n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 20
k) K =
4 4
6 6
1 sin cos
;
1 sin cos
+ o o
o o

3 4cos2 cos4
H
3 4cos2 cos4
o+ o
=
+ o+ o

Bi 3: Chng minh rng.
a)
3 3
sin cos
1 sin cos
sin cos
o + o
= o o
o + o

b)
2 2
sin cos tan 1
1 2sin cos tan 1
o o o
=
+ o o o +

c)
4 4 6 6 2
1
sin cos sin cos sin 2
4
o+ o o o = o
Bi 4: Tnh.
a)
0
0
1
P 4sin70
sin10
=
b) Q =
0 0 0
cos14 cos134 cos106 + +
c) T =
0 0
1 1
sin18 sin54

d)
2 3
3
sin cos
1 tan tan tan
cos
o+ o
= + o+ o+ o
o

e)
2 2 2 2 2
sin tan 4sin tan 3cos 3 o o+ o o+ o =
f)
1
cos cos cos cos3
3 3 4
t t | | | |
o o +o = o
| |
\ . \ .

g)
( ) sin5 2sin cos4 cos2 sin o o o+ o = o

d) M =
0 0 0
cos20 cos40 cos80
d) H = tan9
0
- tan27
0
- tan63
0
+ tan81
0
e) K =
3 5 7 9
cos cos cos cos cos
11 11 11 11 11
t t t t t
+ + + +
f)
0 0 0 0
F cot 7,5 tan67,5 tan7,5 cot 67,5 = +

Bi 5: Chng minh rng biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo o
a) P sin6 cot 3 cos6 = o o o
b)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0 0 0
Q tan 90 cot 90 cot 180 cot 270
( (
= o +o +o + +o


c)
( ) ( )
6 6 4 4
T 2 sin cos 3 sin cos = o+ o o+ o

Bi 6: Chng minh rng nu tam gic ABC tho mn iu kin:
a)
cosB cosC
sinA
sinB sinC
+
=
+
th tam gic ABC l tam gic vung.
b) ( )
2 2
sin A sin B C
sinA sinB cot
cosA cosB 2
+ = + th tam gic ABC l tam gic cn.
c)
( ) ( ) a.sin B C b.sin C A 0 + = th tam gic ABC l tam gic cn.
d)
sinA cosB cosC
sinB cosC cosA
+
=
+
th tam gic ABC l tam gic vung hoc cn.
Bi 7: Chng minh rng trong tam gic ABC ta lun c.
a)
A B C
sinA sinB sinC 4cos cos cos
2 2 2
+ + =
b)
A B C
cosA cosB cosC 1 4sin sin sin
2 2 2
+ + = +
n tp ton 10 phn i s (lp 10C3)
GV son: PhmTun Khng Trang 21
c) sin2A sin2B sin2C 4sinAsinBsinC + + =
d)
( ) ( ) ( ) asin B C bsin C A csin A B 0 + + =

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