Hunh Minh Khai i s 9

I. KHI NIM HM S
1. Khi nim hm s
Nu i lng y ph thuc vo i lng thay i x sao cho vi mi gi tr c!a x" ta lu#n xc
nh c mt v ch$ mt gi tr t%ng &ng c!a y th' y gl hm s c!a x" x gl bin s(
)a vit*
y f x y g x ( ), ( ),... = =
+i tr c!a
f x ( )
ti
x
0
,- hi.u l
f x
0
( )
(
)/p xc nh 0 c!a hm s1
y f x ( ) =
l t/p hp cc gi tr c!a x sao cho
f x ( )
c2 ngh3a(
4hi x thay i m y lu#n nh/n mt gi tr ,h#ng i th' hm s1 y gl hm hng(
2. th ca hm s
56 th c!a hm s1
y f x ( ) =
l t/p hp t7t c8 cc i9m
M x y ( ; )
trong m:t ph;ng to <xy
sao cho x" y tho8 m=n h. th&c
y f x ( ) =
(
3. Hm s n! "i#n$ n!hch "i#n
>ho hm s1
y f x ( ) =
xc nh tr?n t/p @(
aA
y f x ( ) =
ng bin tr?n @ B
x x R x x f x f x
1 2 1 2 1 2
, : ( ) ( ) < <
A
CA
y f x ( ) =
nghch bin tr?n @ B
x x R x x f x f x
1 2 1 2 1 2
, : ( ) ( ) < >
A
%i 1. Cho hai hm s
f x x
2
( ) =
v
g x x ( ) 3 =
.
a) Tnh f f g g g
1
( 3), , (0), (1), (2), (3)
2




. b) Xc nh a
f a g a 2 ( ) ( ) =
.
5D* CA a a
3
1;
2
= = (
%i 2. Cho hm s
x
f x
x
1
( )
1
+
=

.
a) Tm tp xc nh ca hm s. b) Tnh ( )
f 4 2 3
v
f a
2
( )
vi a 1 < .
c) Tm x ng!"n
f x ( )
# s ng!"n. $) Tm x sao cho
f x f x
2
( ) ( ) =
.
5D* aA
x x 0, 1
CA ( ) ( )
f 4 2 3 3 2 3 = +
"
a
f a
a
2
1
( )
1

=
+
cA
x {0;4;9}
EA x 0 =
%i 3. Cho hm s
x x
f x
x x
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +
=
+
.
a) Tm tp xc nh 0 ca hm s. b) Ch%ng minh &'ng
f x f x x D ( ) ( ), =
.
5D* CA
D R\{0} =
%i &. Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sa(
a)
y x x x
3 2
2 1 = +
b)
x
y
x x
1
( 1)( 3)

=
+
c)
y
x x
2
1
2 3
=
+
$)
x
y
x
3 1
2

))
y x x 5 3 = +
*)
y x x 2 2 = + +
5D* aA x R CA
x x 1; 3
cA x R EA
x x 1; 2
FA x 5 GA x 2
%i '. Ch%ng t+ &'ng hm s
y f x x x
2
( ) 4 3 = = +
nghch bi,n t&ong -ho.ng
( ;2)
v /ng
bi,n t&ong -ho.ng
(2; ) +
.
H0* IJt
f x f x
1 2
( ) ( )
(
(H)*N+ II, HM S %-( NH./
)rang 01
i s 9 Hunh Minh Khai
%i 0. Ch%ng t+ &'ng hm s
y f x x
3
( ) = =
#2n #2n /ng bi,n.
H0* IJt
f x f x
1 2
( ) ( )
(
%i 1. Ch%ng t+ &'ng hm s
x
y f x
x
1
( )
2
+
= =

nghch bi,n t&ong t3ng -ho.ng xc nh ca n4.

H0* IJt
f x f x
1 2
( ) ( )
(
%i 2. Ch%ng t+ &'ng hm s
y f x x x ( ) 3 2 2 = = +
nghch bi,n t&ong -ho.ng xc nh ca
n4.
H0*
y f x x ( ) 2 1 = = +
( IJt
f x f x
1 2
( ) ( )
(
%i 3. Tm gi t& #n nh5t v nh+ nh5t ca hm s
y f x x x x
3 2
( ) 6 = = + +
t&"n o6n [0;2].
H0* >h&ng tK hm s1 lu#n nghch Cin tr?n @
f x f (2) ( ) (0)
(
%i 14. Tm gi t& #n nh5t v nh+ nh5t ca hm s
x
y f x
x
2
( )
1

= =
+
t&ong o6n [ 3; 2] .
H0* >h&ng tK hm s1 lu#n 6ng Cin tr?n tLng ,ho8ng xc nh c!a n2

f x f ( 3) ( ) ( 2)
%i 11. 78 / th ca hai hm s y x y x
2 2
; 1
3 3
= = + t&"n c9ng m:t h; t&<c to6 :. C4 nhn x=t
g v> hai / th n!.
%i 12.Cho hm s
y f x x ( ) = =
.
a) Ch%ng minh &'ng hm s /ng bi,n.
b) T&ong cc im
A B C D (4;2), (2;1), (9;3), (8;2 2)
? im no th:c v im no -h2ng
th:c / th ca hm s.
5D*
%i 13.
a)
5D*
)rang 0@
Hunh Minh Khai i s 9
II. HM S %-( NH./
1. Khi nim hm s "5c nh6t
Hm s bc nht l hm s1 c cho CMi c#ng th&c
y ax b = +
vi a 0 (
2. /7nh ch6t
Hm s1 C/c nh7t
y ax b = +
xc nh vi mNi x thuc @ v c2 t-nh ch7t sau*
aA 56ng Cin tr?n @ nu a 0 > CA Nghch Cin tr?n @ nu a 0 < (
3. th
56 th c!a hm s1
y ax b = +
B a 0 A l mt Ong th;ng*
P >Qt trc tung ti i9m c2 tung CRng C(
P Dong song vi Ong th;ng
y ax =
nu b 0 S trTng vi Ong th;ng
y ax =
nu b 0 = (
>ch vU 6 th hm s1
y ax b = +
A a 0 )*
P 4hi b 0 = th'
y ax =
( 56 th c!a hm s1
y ax =
l Ong th;ng i Vua g1c to <BWS WA v
i9m
A a (1; )
(
P Nu b 0 th' 6 th
y ax b = +
l Ong th;ng i Vua cc i9m
A b (0; )
"
b
B
a
;0

(
&. 89n! th:n! s;n! s;n! < 89n! th:n! c=t nha>
>ho hai Ong th;ng
d y ax b ( ): = +
v
d y ax b ( ): = +
B aa 0 A*

a a
d d
b b
( ) ( )
=

P

a a
d d
b b
( ) ( )
=


=

BEA cQt BEA a a

d d aa ( ) ( ) . 1 =
'. H s !?c ca 89n! th:n!
y ax b a ( 0) = +
5Ong th;ng
y ax b = +
c2 h. s1 g2c l a(
+Ni l g2c to CMi Ong th;ng
y ax b a ( 0) = +
vi tia <x*
X
0
90 < a
th' a Y W X
0
90 a >
th' a Z W(
>c Ong th;ng c2 cTng h. s1 g2c th' to vi trc <x cc g2c CRng nhau(
%i 1. T&ong cc hm s sa? hm s no # hm s bc nh5tB 7i cc hm s bc nh5t? hC! cho
bi,t hm s 4 /ng bi,n ha! nghch bi,nB
a)
y x 5 2 =
b)
y x 2 1 =
c)
y x x 2( 1) 2 = +
$)
y x x 3( 1) =
)) y x
2
3
= *) y x
x
1
= +
5D*
%i 2. Cho hm s ( )
y x 3 2 2 = +
.
a) Dm s t&"n # /ng bi,n ha! nghch bi,n t&"n EB
b) Tnh cc gi t& tFGng %ng ca y -hi x nhn cc gi t& sa(
0; 1; 3 2; 3 2 +
.
c) Tnh cc gi t& tFGng %ng ca x -hi y nhn cc gi t& sa(
0; 1; 5 2; 5 2 +
.
5D*
%i 3. Cho cc hm s
y x d y x d y x d
1 2 3
( ), 2 ( ), 3( ) = = = +
.
a) 78 t&"n c9ng m:t h; t&<c cc / th
d d d
1 2 3
( ),( ),( )
.
b) HFIng thJng
d
3
( )
cKt cc FIng thJng
d d
1 2
( ),( )
#Ln #FMt t6i N v O. Tnh to6 : cc im
N? O v $i;n tch tam gic PNO.
5D* CA
OAB
A B S
3 3
; , (1;2), 0,75
2 2

=


(
%i &. Cho hm s
y a x a ( 1) = +
.
)rang 0Q
i s 9 Hunh Minh Khai
a) Ch%ng minh &'ng / th hm s #2n i Ra im
A( 1;1)
vi mSi gi t& ca a.
b) Xc nh a / th hm s cKt t&<c tng t6i im c4 tng : b'ng T. 78 / th hm s t&ong
t&FIng hMp n!.
c) Xc nh a / th hm s cKt t&<c honh t6i im c4 honh : b'ng UV. Tnh -ho.ng cch
t3 gc to6 : P ,n FIng thJng 4.
5D* CA a 3 = cA a 2 = (
%i '. 78 / th cc hm s(
a) y x = b) y x 2 1 = c) y x 2 1 =
%i 0. Cho hm s y x x 1 2 = + .
a) 78 / th hm s t&"n.
b) WXa vo / th? bi;n #n th)o m s nghi;m ca phFGng t&nh( x x m 1 2 + = .
5D* CA m Z 0* v# nghi.mS m [ 0* \ nghi.mS m Y 0* ] nghi.m(
%i 1. Tm cc cYp FIng thJng song song v cc cYp FIng thJng cKt nha t&ong s cc FIng
thJng sa(
a)
y x 3 1 =
b)
y x 2 =
c)
y x 0,3 =
$)
y x 0,3 1 =
))
y x 3 3 = +
*)
y x 3 = +
5D* a ^^ FS c ^^ ES C ^^ G(
%i 2. Cho hm s
y mx 3 =
. Xc nh m t&ong mZi t&FIng hMp sa(
a) H/ th hm s song song vi FIng thJng
y x 3 =
.
b) [hi
x 1 3 = +
th
y 3 =
.
5D* aA m 3 = CA
m 3 =
(
%i 3. Xc nh hm s
y ax b = +
? bi,t / th cKt t&<c tng t6i im c4 tng : b'ng \ v cKt t&<c
honh t6i im c4 honh : b'ng UT.
5D* y x
5
5
3
= + (
%i 14. Cho FIng thJng
y a x a ( 1) = + +
.
a) Xc nh a FIng thJng i Ra gc to6 :.
b) Xc nh a FIng thJng song song vi FIng thJng ( )
y x 3 1 4 = + +
.
5D* aA a 0 = CA
a 3 =
(
%i 11. Xc nh hm s t&ong mZi t&FIng hMp sa? bi,t / th ca n4 # FIng thJng i Ra gc to6
: v(
a) Hi Ra im
A(2;4)
.
b) C4 h; s g4c
a 2 =
.
c) ]ong song vi FIng thJng
y x 5 1 =
.
5D* aA
y x 2 =
CA
y x 2 =
cA
y x 5 =
(
%i 12. 7i,t phFGng t&nh FIng thJng Ra gc to6 : v(
a) i Ra im NAUT^ 0).
b) c4 h; s g4c b'ng UV.
c) song song vi FIng thJng
y x 2 1 =
.
5D* aA y x
1
3
= CA
y x 2 =
cA
y x 2 =
%i 13. 7i,t phFGng t&nh FIng thJng i Ra im OAU0^ U_) v(
a) c4 h; s g4c b'ng
1
2
.
b) song song vi FIng thJng
y x 3 1 = +
.
c) c4 h; s g4c b'ng , cho t&Fc.
)rang V`
Hunh Minh Khai i s 9
5D* aA y x
1 7
2 2
= CA
y x 3 7 =
cA
y k x ( 1) 4 = +
(
%i 1&. Cho hm s
y mx m 3 1 = +
.
a) Hnh m / th hm s i Ra gc to6 :.
b) Tm to6 : ca im m FIng thJng #2n i Ra vi mSi m.
5D* aA m
1
3
= CA
A( 3; 1)
(
%i 1'. Cho V im NA0^ UV)? OAU_^ T).
a) Tm h; s g4c ca FIng thJng NO. b) ap phFGng t&nh FIng thJng NO.
5D* aA k 1 = CA
y x 1 =
(
%i 10.
a)
5D*
%I /-@ AN (H)*N+ II
)rang V0
i s 9 Hunh Minh Khai
%i 1. Cho hai hm s(
y x =
v
y x 3 =
.
a) 78 / th ca hai hm s 4 t&"n c9ng m:t h; t&<c tSa : Pxy.
b) HFIng thJng song song vi t&<c Px? cKt t&<c Py t6i im c4 tng : b'ng b? cKt cc / th
t&"n #Ln #FMt c N v O. Tm tSa : cc im N v O. Tnh ch vi v $i;n tch tam gic PNO.
5D* CA
A B (6;6), (2;6)
S
AB OA OB 4, 6 2, 2 10 = = =
(
%i 2. Cho hai hm s
y x 2 =
v
0
V
y x = .
a) 78 / th ca hai hm s 4 t&"n c9ng m:t h; t&<c tSa : Pxy.
b) da im A`^ V) v8 FIng thJng song song vi t&<c Px? cKt cc / th t&"n #Ln #FMt t6i N v
O. Ch%ng minh tam gic NPO # tam gic v2ng v tnh $i;n tch ca tam gic 4.
5D*
%i 3. Cho hm s(
y m x m ( 4) 6 = + +
A$).
a) Tm cc gi t& ca m hm s /ng bi,n? nghch bi,n.
b) Tm cc gi t& ca m? bi,t &'ng FIng thJng A$) i Ra im NAU0^ V). 78 / th ca hm s
vi gi t& tm FMc ca m.
c) Ch%ng minh &'ng -hi m tha! ei th cc FIng thJng A$) #2n #2n i Ra m:t im c nh.
5D* CA m 0 = cA
(1;10)
(
%i &. Cho hm s(
y m x m (3 2) 2 =
.
a) Xc nh m / th hm s cKt t&<c honh t6i im c4 honh : b'ng V.
b) Xc nh m / th hm s cKt t&<c tng t6i im c4 tng : b'ng V.
c) Xc nh tSa : giao im ca hai / th %ng vi gi t& ca m tm FMc c cf a? cf b.
5D*
%i '. Cho ba FIng thJng
d y x
1
( ): 1 = +
?
d y x
2
( ): 1 = +
v
d y
3
( ): 1 =
.
a) 78 ba FIng thJng C cho t&"n c9ng m:t h; t&<c tSa : Pxy.
b) gSi giao im ca hai FIng thJng
d d
1 2
( ),( )
# N? giao im ca FIng thJng
d
3
( )
vi hai
FIng thJng
d d
1 2
( ),( )
th)o th% tX # O v C. Tm tSa : cc im N? O? C.
c) Tam gic NOC # tam gic gB Tnh $i;n tch tam gic NOC.
5D*
%i 0. Cho cc hm s sa(
d y x
1
( ): 5 =
^
V
0
A ) (
_
= E y x ^
d y x
3
( ): 4 =
.
a) 78 / th ca cc hm s C cho t&"n c9ng m:t h; t&<c tSa : Pxy.
b) gSi giao im ca FIng thJng
d
1
( )
vi FIng thJng
d
2
( )
v
d
3
( )
#Ln #FMt # N v O. Tm
tSa : cc im N? O.
c) Tam gic NPO # tam gic gB 7 saoB Tnh $i;n tch tam gic NPO.
5D*
%i 1. Cho hm s(
d y x
1
( ): 2 2 = +
?
V
0
A ) ( V
V
= E y x .
a) 78 / th ca hai hm s C cho t&"n c9ng m:t h; t&<c tSa : Pxy.
b) gSi giao im ca FIng thJng
d
1
( )
vi t&<c Py # N? giao im ca FIng thJng
d
2
( )
vi
t&<c Px # O? chn giao im ca FIng thJng
d d
1 2
( ), ( )
# C. Tam gic NOC # tam gic gB
Tm tSa : cc im N? O? C.
c) Tnh $i;n tch tam gic NOC.
5D*
%i 2. Cho hai FIng thJng(
d y x
1
( ): 3 = +
v
d y x
2
( ): 3 7 = +
.
a) 78 / th ca cc hm s C cho t&"n c9ng m:t h; t&<c tSa : Pxy.
b) gSi giao im ca FIng thJng
d
1
( )
v
d
2
( )
vi t&<c Py #Ln #FMt # N v O. Tm tSa :
t&ng im i ca o6n NO.
)rang VV
Hunh Minh Khai i s 9
c) gSi j # giao im ca hai FIng thJng
d
1
( )
v
d
2
( )
. Ch%ng minh tam gic Pij # tam gic
v2ng. Tnh $i;n tch ca tam gic 4.
5D*
%i 3. Cho FIng thJng A$)(
y x 2 3 = +
.
a) Xc nh tSa : giao im N v O ca FIng thJng A$) vi hai t&<c Px? Py. Tnh -ho.ng
cch t3 im PA`^ `) ,n FIng thJng A$).
b) Tnh -ho.ng cch t3 im CA`^ UV) ,n FIng thJng A$).
5D*
%i 14.Tm gi t& ca , ba FIng thJng sa /ng R!(
a)
d y x
1
( ): 2 7 = +
?
V
0 1
A ) (
T T
= + E y x ?
T
V 0
A ) ( = E y x
, ,
5D*
%i 11. Cho hai FIng thJng(
d y m x
1
( ): ( 1) 3 = +
v
d y m x
2
( ): (2 1) 4 = +
.
a) Ch%ng minh &'ng -hi
0
V
m = th hai FIng thJng C cho v2ng g4c vi nha.
b) Tm t5t c. cc gi t& ca m hai FIng thJng C cho v2ng g4c vi nha.
5D* CA m m
1
0;
2
= = (
%i 12. Xc nh hm s
y ax b = +
t&ong mZi t&FIng hMp sa(
a) [hi T a = ? / th hm s cKt t&<c tng t6i im c4 tng : b'ng T .
b) [hi a 5 = ? / th hm s i Ra im NAUV^ T).
c) H/ th hm s i Ra hai im kA0^ T) v lAUV^ b).
$) H/ th hm s song song vi FIng thJng 1 y x = v i Ra im ( ) 0^ 1 1 + .
5D* aA
y x 3 2 =
CA
y x 5 7 =
cA
y x 4 = +
EA
y x 7 7 = +
(
%i 13. Cho FIng thJng(
y x 4 =
A$).
a) 7i,t phFGng t&nh FIng thJng
d
1
( )
song song vi FIng thJng A$) v c4 tng : gc b'ng
0`.
b) 7i,t phFGng t&nh FIng thJng
d
2
( )
v2ng g4c vi FIng thJng A$) v cKt t&<c Px t6i im
c4 honh : b'ng U @.
c) 7i,t phFGng t&nh FIng thJng
d
3
( )
song song vi FIng thJng A$) cKt t&<c Px t6i N? cKt
t&<c Py t6i O v $i;n tch tam gic NPO b'ng @.
5D*
%i 1&. Cho hai FIng thJng(
y k x k d
1
( 3) 3 3( ) = +
v
y k x k d
2
(2 1) 5( ) = + + +
. Tm cc gi
t& ca , (
a)
d
1
( )
v
d
2
( )
cKt nha. b)
d
1
( )
v
d
2
( )
cKt nha t6i m:t im t&"n t&<c tng.
c)
d
1
( )
v
d
2
( )
song song.
5D* aA k 4 CA k
1
2
= cA k 4 =
%i 1'. Cho hm s
d y m x n m ( ): ( 3) ( 3) = + +
. Tm cc gi t& ca m" n FIng thJng A$)(
a) Hi Ra cc im NA0^ UT) v OAUV^ T).
b) CKt t&<c tng t6i im c4 tng : b'ng 0 T ? cKt t&<c honh t6i im c4 honh : T T + .
c) CKt FIng thJng
y x 3 4 0 =
.
$) ]ong song vi FIng thJng
x y 2 5 1 + =
.
5D*
)rang VT