i s 8 Hunh Minh Khai

I. M U V PHNG TRNH
VN I. Chng minh mt s ! nghi"m #$% mt &h'(ng t)*nh
Phng php: Dng mnh sau:

x
0
l nghim ca phng trnh
A x B x ( ) ( )

A x B x
0 0
( ) ( )

x
0
khng l nghim ca phng trnh
A x B x ( ) ( )

A x B x
0 0
( ) ( )
+!i ,. Xt xem
x
0
c l nghim ca phng trnh hay khng?
a)
x x 3(2 ) 1 4 2 +
;
x
0
2
b) x x 5 2 3 1 + ; x
0
3
2

c) x x 3 5 5 1 ;
x
0
2
d)
x x 2( 4) 3 +
;
x
0
2
e) x x 7 3 5 ;
x
0
4
)
x x 2( 1) 3 8 +
;
x
0
2
g)
x x 5 ( 1) 7
;
x
0
1
h) x x 3 2 2 1 + ;
x
0
3
+!i -. Xt xem
x
0
c l nghim ca phng trnh hay khng?
a)
x x x
2
3 7 1 2 + +
;
x
0
2
b)
x x
2
3 10 0
;
x
0
2
c)
x x x
2
3 4 2( 1) +
;
x
0
2
d)
x x x ( 1)( 2)( 5) 0 +
;
x
0
1
e)
x x
2
2 3 1 0 + +
;
x
0
1
)
x x x
2
4 3 2 1
;
x
0
5
+!i .. !m gi" tr# k $a% ch% phng trnh c nghim
x
0
&'c ch( ra)
a) x k x 2 1 + ;
x
0
2
b)
x x k x (2 1)(9 2 ) 5( 2) 40 + + +
;
x
0
2
c)
x x x k 2(2 1) 18 3( 2)(2 ) + + + +
;
x
0
1
d)
k x x x 5( 3 )( 1) 4(1 2 ) 80 + + +
;
x
0
2
VN II. / nghi"m #$% mt &h'(ng t)*nh
Phng php: Dng mnh sau:
Phng trnh
A x B x ( ) ( )
v nghim
A x B x x ( ) ( ),
Phng trnh
A x B x ( ) ( )
c v s nghim
A x B x x ( ) ( ),
+!i ,. *h+ng t, c"c phng trnh $a- . nghim)
a)
x x x 2 5 4( 1) 2( 3) +
b)
x x 2 3 2( 3)
c) x 2 1 d)
x x
2
4 6 0 +
+!i -. *h+ng t, r/ng c"c phng trnh $a- c . $0 nghim)
a)
x x x 4( 2) 3 8
b)
x x 4( 3) 16 4(1 4 ) + +
c)
x x 2( 1) 2 2
d) x x
e)
x x x
2 2
( 2) 4 4 + + +
)
x x x
2 2
(3 ) 6 9
+!i .. *h+ng t, r/ng c"c phng trnh $a- c nhi1- hn m2t nghim)
a)
x
2
4 0
b)
x x ( 1)( 2) 0
c)
x x x ( 1)(2 )( 3) 0 +
d)
x x
2
3 0
e) x 1 3 ) x 2 1 1
VN III. Chng minh h%i &h'(ng t)*nh t'(ng 0'(ng
CHNG III1 PHNG TRNH +2C NHT M3T 4N
!rang 34
i s 8 Hunh Minh Khai
"# ch$ng minh hai phng trnh tng ng% ta c th# s& '(ng m)t tr*ng cc cch sau:
+h$ng minh hai phng trnh c cng t,p nghim-
.& '(ng cc ph/p 0i1n 2i tng ng # 0i1n 2i phng trnh n3 thnh phng trnh kia-
4ai 5ui t6c 0i1n 2i phng trnh:
7 Qui tc chuyn v: !r*ng m)t phng trnh% ta c th# chuyn mt hng t t v ny sang
v kia v i !"u h8ng t& -
7 Qui tc nh#n: !r*ng m)t phng trnh% ta c th# nh#n c$ hai v v%i c&ng mt s kh'c (-
+!i ,. Xt xem c"c phng trnh $a- c tng &ng hay khng?
a) x 3 3 . x 1 0 b) x 3 0 + . x 3 9 0 +
c) x 2 0 .
x x ( 2)( 3) 0 +
d) x 2 6 0 .
x x ( 3) 0
+!i -. Xt xem c"c phng trnh $a- c tng &ng hay khng?
a)
x
2
2 0 +
.
x x
2
( 2) 0 +
b) x x 1 + .
x
2
1 0 +
c) x 2 0 + .
x
x
0
2

+
d) x x
x x
2
1 1
+ + .
x x
2
0 +
e) x 1 2 .
x x ( 1)( 3) 0 +
) x 5 0 + .
x x
2
( 5)( 1) 0 + +
II. PHNG TRNH +2C NHT M3T 4N
!rang 35
Hunh Minh Khai i s 8
VN I. Ph'(ng t)*nh 0'% 0'5# 67 89ng &h'(ng t)*nh :;# nh<t
+!i ,. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a) x 4 10 0 b) x x 7 3 9 c)
x x x 2 (3 5 ) 4( 3) +
d)
x x 5 (6 ) 4(3 2 )
e)
x x 4( 3) 7 17 + +
)
x x 5( 3) 4 2( 1) 7 +
g)
x x 5( 3) 4 2( 1) 7 +
h)
x x x 4(3 2) 3( 4) 7 20 +
".: a9 x
5
2
09 x 1 c9 x 5 '9 x
13
9
:9 x
5
11
;9 x 8
g9 x 8 h9 x 8
+!i -. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x x (3 1)( 3) (2 )(5 3 ) +
b)
x x x x ( 5)(2 1) (2 3)( 1) + +
c)
x x x x ( 1)( 9) ( 3)( 5) + + + +
d)
x x x x (3 5)(2 1) (6 2)( 3) + +
e)
x x x x
2
( 2) 2( 4) ( 4)( 2) + +
)
x x x x
2
( 1)(2 3) 3( 2) 2( 1) +
".: a9 x
13
19
09 x
1
5
c9 x 3 '9 x
1
33
:9 x 1 ;9 v nghim
+!i .. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x
2 2
(3 2) (3 2) 5 38 + +
b)
x x x x
2 2
3( 2) 9( 1) 3( 3) + +
c)
x x x
2 2
( 3) ( 3) 6 18 + +
d)
x x x x x x
3 2
( 1) ( 1) 5 (2 ) 11( 2) + +
e)
x x x x x x x
2
( 1)( 1) 2 ( 1)( 1) + + +
)
x x x x
3 3
( 2) (3 1)(3 1) ( 1) + + +
".: a9 x 2 09 x 2 c9 x 3 '9 x 7 :9 x 1 ;9 x
10
9

+!i =. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)

a)
x x x x 5 15
5
3 6 12 4
b)
x x x x 8 3 3 2 2 1 3
4 2 2 4
+
+
c)
x x x 1 1 2 13
0
2 15 6
+
d)
x x x 3(3 ) 2(5 ) 1
2
8 3 2

+
e)
x x
x
3(5 2) 7
2 5( 7)
4 3

)
x x x
x
5 3 2 7
2 4 6
+ +
+
g)
x x x 3 1 7
1
11 3 9
+ +
+ h)
x x x 3 0,4 1,5 2 0,5
2 3 5
+
+
".: a9 x
30
7
09 x 0 c9 x 16 '9 x 11 :9 x 6 ;9 x
53
10

g9 x
28
31
h9 x
6
19

+!i >. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x 2 1 2 7
5 3 15
+
b)
x x x 3 1 5
1
2 3 6
+ +
+
c)
x x x x 2( 5) 12 5( 2)
11
3 2 6 3
+ +
+ + d)
x x x x
x
4 3 2 2 5 7 2
5 10 3 6
+
+
e)
x x x 2( 3) 5 13 4
7 3 21
+
+ )
x x
x
3 1 1 4 9
2 4 8
_


,
".: a9 < tu= > 09 < tu= > c9 < tu= > '9 v nghim :9 v nghim ;9 v nghim
+!i ?. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
!rang 33
i s 8 Hunh Minh Khai
a)
x x x x x x ( 2)( 10) ( 4)( 10) ( 2)( 4)
3 12 4
+ + + +
b)
x x
x
2 2
( 2) ( 2)
2(2 1) 25
8 8
+
+ +
c)
x x x x
2 2
(2 3)(2 3) ( 4) ( 2)
8 6 3
+
+
d)
x x x x
2 2 2
7 14 5 (2 1) ( 1)
15 5 3
+

e)
x x x x x
2
(7 1)( 2) 2 ( 2) ( 1)( 3)
10 5 5 2
+
+ +
".: a9 x 8 09 x 9 c9 x
123
64
'9 x
1
12
:9 x
19
15

+!i @. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-) 8?i1n 2i @c 0it)

a)
x x x x 1 3 5 7
35 33 31 29
+ + + +
+ + 84D: +)ng thAm B v* cc h8ng t&)
b)
x x x x x 10 8 6 4 2
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

+ + + + 84D: !rC i B v* cc h8ng t&)
x x x x x 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994
2 4 6 8 10

+ + + +
c)
x x x x x 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999
9 7 5 3 1

+ + + +
x x x x x 9 7 5 3 1
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

+ + + + 84D: !rC i B v* cc h8ng t&)
d)
x x x x 85 74 67 64
10
15 13 11 9

+ + + 8+hD >: 10 1 2 3 4 + + + )
e)
x x x x 1 2 13 3 15 4 27
13 15 27 29

84D: !hAm h*@c 0Et B v* cc h8ng t&)
".: a9 x 36 09 x 2004 c9 x 2000 '9 x 100 :9 x 14 -
+!i A. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-) 8?i1n 2i @c 0it)
a)
x x x x 1 3 5 7
65 63 61 59
+ + + +
+ + b)
x x x x 29 27 17 15
31 33 43 45
+ + + +

c)
x x x x 6 8 10 12
1999 1997 1995 1993
+ + + +
+ + d)
x x x x 1909 1907 1905 1903
4 0
91 93 95 91

+ + + +
e)
x x x x x x 29 27 25 23 21 19
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980

+ + + + +
x x x x x x 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980
29 27 25 23 21 19

+ + + + +
".: a9 x 66 09 x 60 c9 x 2005 '9 x 2000 :9 x 1999 -
VN II. Ph'(ng t)*nh tB#h
!rang 39
Hunh Minh Khai i s 8
"# giFi phng trnh tGch% ta p '(ng cng th$c:
A x B x A x ( ). ( ) ( ) 0
h*@c
B x ( ) 0

A x
B x
( ) 0
( ) 0

!a giFi hai phng trnh

A x ( ) 0
v
B x ( ) 0
% rHi lI3 tIt cF cc nghim ca chDng-
+!i ,. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x (5 4)(4 6) 0 +
b)
x x (3,5 7)(2,1 6,3) 0
c)
x x (4 10)(24 5 ) 0 +
d)
x x ( 3)(2 1) 0 +
e)
x x (5 10)(8 2 ) 0
)
x x (9 3 )(15 3 ) 0 +
".: a9 x x
4 3
;
5 2
09
x x 2; 3
c9 x x
5 5
;
2 24
'9 x x
1
3;
2

:9
x x 2; 4
;9
x x 3; 5
+!i -. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x
2
(2 1)( 2) 0 + +
b)
x x
2
( 4)(7 3) 0 +
c)
x x x
2
( 1)(6 2 ) 0 + +
d)
x x x
2
(8 4)( 2 2) 0 + +
".: a9 x
1
2
09 x
3
7
c9 x 3 '9 x
1
2

+!i .. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x ( 5)(3 2 )(3 4) 0 +
b)
x x x (2 1)(3 2)(5 ) 0 +
c)
x x x (2 1)( 3)( 7) 0 +
d)
x x x (3 2 )(6 4)(5 8 ) 0 +
e)
x x x x ( 1)( 3)( 5)( 6) 0 + + +
)
x x x x (2 1)(3 2)(5 8)(2 1) 0 +
".: a9 S
3 4
5; ;
2 3

' ;

09 S
1 2
; ; 5
2 3

' ;

c9 S
1
;3; 7
2

' ;

'9 S
3 2 5
; ;
2 3 8

' ;

:9 { } S 1; 3; 5;6 ;9 S
1 2 8 1
; ; ;
2 3 5 2

' ;

+!i =. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x x ( 2)(3 5) (2 4)( 1) + +
b)
x x x x (2 5)( 4) ( 5)(4 ) +

c)
x x x
2
9 1 (3 1)(2 3) +
d)
x x x x
2
2(9 6 1) (3 1)( 2) + + +
e)
x x x x
2 2
27 ( 3) 12( 3 ) 0 + +
)
x x x x
2
16 8 1 4( 3)(4 1) + +
".: a9
x x 2; 3
09
x x 0; 4
c9 x x
1
; 2
3
'9 x x
1 4
;
3 5

:9 x x x
4
0; 3;
9
;9 x
1
4

+!i >. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)

a)
x
2
(2 1) 49
b)
x x
2 2
(5 3) (4 7) 0

c)
x x
2 2
(2 7) 9( 2) + +
d)
x x x
2 2
( 2) 9( 4 4) + +
e)
x x
2 2
4(2 7) 9( 3) 0 + +
)
x x x x
2 2 2 2
(5 2 10) (3 10 8) + +
".: a9
x x 4; 3
09 x x
10
4;
9
c9 x x
13
1;
5
'9
x x 1; 4
:9 x x
23
5;
7
;9 x x
1
3;
2

+!i ?. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x x
2 2
(9 4)( 1) (3 2)( 1) + +
b)
x x x x
2 2
( 1) 1 (1 )( 3) + +
c)
x x x x x x
2 2
( 1)( 2)( 3) ( 1)( 4)( 5) + +
d)
x x x
4 3
1 0 + + +
!rang 3:
i s 8 Hunh Minh Khai
e)
x x
3
7 6 0 +
)
x x x
4 3
4 12 9 0 +
g)
x x x
5 3
5 4 0 +
h)
x x x x
4 3 2
4 3 4 4 0 + +
".: a9 x x x
2 1
; 1;
3 2
09
x x 1; 1
c9 x x x
7
1; 2;
5

'9 x 1 :9
x x x 1; 2; 3
;9
x x 1; 3
g9
x x x x x 0; 1; 1; 2; 2
h9
x x x 1; 1; 2
+!i @. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-) 8"@t Jn ph()
a)
x x x x
2 2 2
( ) 4( ) 12 0 + + +
b)
x x x x
2 2 2
( 2 3) 9( 2 3) 18 0 + + + + +
c)
x x x
2
( 2)( 2)( 10) 72 +
d)
x x x x
2
( 1)( 1) 42 + + +
e)
x x x x ( 1)( 3)( 5)( 7) 297 0 + +
)
x x x
4 2
2 144 1295 0

".: a9
x x 1; 2
09
x x x x 0; 1; 2; 3
c9
x x 4; 4
'9
x x 2; 3
:9
x x 4; 8
;9
x x 5; 7
VN III. Ph'(ng t)*nh #h% Cn D mEF
+c 0Ec giFi phng trnh ch$a Jn K mLu:
)*%c +, !m iu kin <c Mnh ca phng trnh-
)*%c -, Nui Hng mLu hai v1 ca phng trnh% rHi kh& mLu-
)*%c ., OiFi phng trnh vCa nhPn Qc-
)*%c /, RS1t lu,n9 !r*ng cc gi trM ca Jn tm Qc K 0Ec T% c'c gi' t01 th2$ m3n i4u ki5n
6'c 1nh ch7nh 8 c'c nghi5m ca phng trnh U ch*-
+!i ,. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x
x
4 3 29
5 3

b)
x
x
2 1
2
5 3

c)
x x
x x
4 5
2
1 1

+

d)
x x
7 3
2 5

+
e)
x x
x x
2 5
0
2 5
+

+
)
x x x
x
12 1 10 4 20 17
11 4 9 18
+ +
+

".: a9 x
136
17
09 x
11
8
c9 x 3 '9 x
41
4

:9 x
5
3
;9 x 2
+!i -. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x
11 9 2
1 4
+
+
b)
x
x x x
14 2 3 5
3 12 4 8 2 6
+


c)
x x
x x
x
2
12 1 3 1 3
1 3 1 3
1 9
+

+

d)
x x x
x x x x x
2 2 2
5 25 5
5 2 50 2 10
+ +

+
e)
x x
x x
x
2
1 1 16
1 1
1
+

+

)
x x x
x
x x x
1 1 1
1 ( 2)
1 1 1
_ +
+ +

+ + ,
".: a9 x 44 09 x 5 c9 x 1 '9 v nghim
:9 x 4 ;9 x 3
+!i .. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
!rang 3;
Hunh Minh Khai i s 8
a)
x
x x
x x
2
6 1 5 3
2 5
7 10
+
+

+
b)
x x
x x x x
x
2
2 1 4
0
( 2) ( 2)
4

+
+

c)
x x
x x x
x x
2
2
1 1 ( 1)
3 1 3
2 3

+

d)
x x
x x
2
1 6 5
2 3
6

+

e)
x
x
x x x
2
3 2
2 2 16 5
2
8 2 4
+

+
+ +
)
x x x
x x x x x
2
2 2 6
1 1 2( 2)
1 1 1
+ +

+ + +
".: a9 x
9
4
09 v nghim c9 x
3
5
'9 x 4
:9 v nghim ;9 x
5
4

+!i =. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x x
8 11 9 10
8 11 9 10
+ +

b)
x x x x
x x x x 3 5 4 6


c)
x x x x
2 2
4 3
1 0
3 2 2 6 1
+
+ +
d)
x x x x
1 2 3 6
1 2 3 6
+ +

".: a9 x x
19
0;
2
09 x x
9
0;
2
c9
x x 0; 3
'9 x x
6 12
;
5 5

+!i >. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a) b)
".: a9
III. GIGI THIN +JNG CICH K2P PHNG TRNH
!rang 3<
i s 8 Hunh Minh Khai
+c 0Ec giFi t*n 0Vng cch l,p phng trnh:
)*%c +, 9:; ;h*<ng t0=nh
7 +hWn Jn s v @t iu kin thGch hQp ch* Jn s-
7 ?i#u 'iXn cc 8i lQng cha 0i1t khc th:* Jn v cc 8i lQng U 0i1t-
7 Y,p phng trnh 0i#u thM mi 5uan h giZa cc 8i lQng-
)*%c -, >i$i ;h*<ng t0=nh
)*%c ., ?0$ 8@i
Si#m tra <:m tr*ng cc nghim ca phng trnh% nghim n* th*F mUn iu kin ca Jn%
nghim n* khng% rHi k1t lu,n-
VN I. KL9i sL sMnh
!r*ng [u 0i th\ng c cc tC:
7 nhiu hn% thAm% 6t hn% ch,m hn% ---: tng $ng vEi ph/p t*n c)ng-
7 Gt hn% 0Et% r] hn% nhanh hn% ---: tng $ng vEi ph/p t*n trC-
7 gIp nhiu l[n: tng $ng vEi ph/p t*n nhPn-
7 k/m nhiu l[n: tng $ng vEi ph/p t*n chia-
+!i ,. !m hai $0 ng-y=n li=n ti>p? bi>t r/ng 3 l@n $0 nh, c2ng 9 l@n $0 lAn b/ng BCDE
".:
18; 17
-
+!i -. F2t phGn $0 c tH $0 nh, hn mI- $0 l CE J>- th=m 3 &n .# .% tH $0 . bAt mI- $0 &i 9
&n .# th ta &'c phGn $0 b/ng
3
4
E !m phGn $0 &K ch%E
".:
7
15
+!i .. !Lng ca : $0 l :;E J>- lMy $0 th+ nhMt c2ng th=m 3? $0 th+ hai trN &i 3? $0 th+ ba nhGn .Ai
3? $0 th+ t chi ch% 3 th b0n k>t O-7 & b/ng nha-E !m : $0 ban &@-E
".: C; 53; ;; 34E
+!i =. !hng ca hai $0 l 9E J>- tPng $0 b# chia l=n 54 . gi7m $0 chia &i m2t nHa th hi- ca
hai $0 mAi l 94E !m hai $0 &E
".: 3:; CE
+!i >. F2t &2i cng nhGn $Ha m2t &%Qn &Rng tr%ng 9 ngyE Jgy th+ nhMt &2i $Ha &'c
1
3
&%Qn
&Rng? ngy th+ hai &2i $Ha &'c m2t &%Qn &Rng b/ng
4
3
&%Qn &'c lm &'c tr%ng ngy
th+ nhMt? ngy th+ ba &2i $Ha C4m cSn lQiE !Tnh chi1- di &%Qn &Rng m &2i ph7i $HaE
".: 9<4mE
+!i ?. Uai phGn xVng c tLng c2ng 334 cng nhGnE Wa- khi ch-yXn 54 cng nhGn V phGn xVng 5
$ang phGn xVng 3 th
2
3
$0 cng nhGn phGn xVng 5 b/ng
4
5
$0 cng nhGn phGn xVng 3E
!Tnh $0 cng nhGn ca mYi phGn xVng lZc &@-E
".: [hGn xVng 5 c 534 cng nhGn? phGn xVng 3 c \4 cng nhGnE
+!i @. Uai bX nAc ch+a C44 lTt nAc . 5944 lTt nAcE JgRi ta th"% ra c]ng m2t lZc V bX th+ nhMt
5; lTt^phZt? bX th+ hai 3; lTt^phZtE U,i $a- ba% lG- $0 nAc V bX th+ nhMt b/ng
2
3
$0 nAc V bX
th+ hai?
".: :4 phZtE
+!i A. !rAc &Gy ; nPm? t-Li _-ng b/ng nHa t-Li ca _-ng $a- : nPm n`aE !Tnh t-Li ca _-ng
hin nayE
".: 5: t-LiE
+!i N. !m m2t $0 c ch` $0 hng &n .# l 3? bi>t r/ng n>- x%" ch` $0 3 & th $0 My gi7m &i 344E
!rang 3D
Hunh Minh Khai i s 8
".: 333E
+!i ,O. 6ia &nh a% c : ngRi) b0? mb? b Fai . a%E !-Li tr-ng bnh ca c7 nh l 39E J>-
.i>t th=m ch` $0 4 .% b=n ph7i t-Li b Fai th &'c t-Li ca b0? t-Li ca mb b/ng
9
10
t-Li
b0 . gMp 9 l@n t-Li ca a%E !m t-Li ca mYi ngRi tr%ng gia &nh a%E
".: !u2i ca 0% m^% 0/ _ai v "* l[n lQt l: :4? 9<? :? 53E
+!i ,,. JhGn ngy 5 th"ng <? m2t phGn &2i thi>- ni=n &'c tcng m2t $0 kb%E $0 kb% ny &'c chia
h>t . chia &1- ch% mdi &2i .i=n tr%ng phGn &2iE aX &7m b7% ng-y=n tec chia My? &2i trVng
&K &1 x-Mt c"ch chia nh $a-)
B fQn th+ nhMt nhgn m2t .i=n kb% . &'c lMy th=m
1
11
$0 kb% cSn lQiE
B Wa- khi bQn th+ nhMt lMy ph@n ca mnh? bQn th+ hai nhgn 3 .i=n kb% . &'c lMy th=m
1
11
$0 kb% cSn lQiE
*+ nh th> &>n bQn c-0i c]ng? th+ n? nhgn n .i=n kb% . &'c lMy th=m
1
11
$0 kb% cSn lQiE
U,i phGn &2i & c ba% nhi=- &2i .i=n . mYi &2i .i=n nhgn ba% nhi=- .i=n kb%E
".: 54 )i viAn? m`i )i vin nh,n 54 viAn k^*-
+!i ,-. F2t ngRi b"n $0 $@- ri=ng th- h%Qch &'c nh $a-)
B h@n th+ nhMt b"n \ tr"i .
1
6
$0 $@- ri=ng cSn lQiE
B h@n th+ hai b"n 5C tr"i .
1
6
$0 $@- ri=ng cSn lQi mAiE
B h@n th+ ba b" 3D tr"i .
1
6
$0 $@- ri=ng cSn lQi mAi? .E.EEE
iAi c"ch & th b"n l@n $a- c]ng l .Na h>t . $0 $@- ri=ng b"n mYi l@n &1- b/ng nha-E
U,i ngRi & &K b"n ba% nhi=- l@n . $0 $@- ri=ng th- h%Qch &'c l ba% nhi=- tr"i?
".: 33; tri% 0n ; l[n-
+!i ,.. fa lAp j? f? * gp $"ch tcng c"c bQn hdc $inh .]ng kh khPn? tMt c7 &'c 9;C c-0nE !( $0
$0 c-0n $"ch ca lAp j $% .Ai lAp f l
6
11
E !( $0 $0 c-0n $"ch ca lAp j $% .Ai lAp * l
7
10
E
U,i mYi lAp gp &'c ba% nhi=- c-0n $"ch?
".: YEp a: C: cunb lEp ?: 5;: cunb lEp +: 534 cun-
+!i ,=. _Gn $0 t(nh j hin nay l <534<4 ngRiE Ung nPm dGn $0 t(nh ny tPng 5kE U,i hai nPm
trAc &Gy dGn $0 ca t(nh j l ba% nhi=-?
".: <44444 ng\i-
+!i ,>. !r%ng m2t trRng hdc? .% &@- nPm hdc $0 hdc $inh nam . n` b/ng nha-E Jhng tr%ng
hdc k 5? trRng nhgn th=m 5; hdc $inh n` . ; hdc $inh nam n=n $0 hdc $inh n` chi>m ;5k
$0 hdc $inh ca trRngE U,i c-0i hdc k 5? trRng c ba% nhi=- hdc $inh nam? hdc $inh n`?
".: 3:; nam? 3;; nZE
VN II. KL9i t*m s gPm h%iQ :% #hR s
!rang 3C
i s 8 Hunh Minh Khai
. c hai chZ s c '8ng: xy x y 10 + - "iu kin:
x y N x y , ,0 9,0 9 <
-
. c 0a chZ s c '8ng: xyz x y z 100 10 + + - "iu kin:
x y z N x y z , , ,0 9,0 , 9 <
-
+!i ,. !m m2t $0 tl nhi=n c hai ch` $0? bi>t r/ng)
B !Lng hai ch` $0 l 53
B J>- &Li chY hai ch` $0 th &'c m2t $0 mAi lAn hn $0 & l 9<E
".: :C
+!i -. !m m2t $0 tl nhi=n c hai ch` $0? bi>t r/ng)
B !Lng hai ch` $0 l 54
B J>- .i>t $0 & the% th+ tl ng'c lQi th &'c m2t $0 mAi nh, hn $0 & l 9<E
".: D9
+!i .. F2t $0 tl nhi=n c ; ch` $0E J>- th=m ch` $0 5 .% b=n ph7i hay b=n tr"i $0 & ta &'c m2t
$0 c < ch` $0E fi>t r/ng n>- .i>t th=m .% b=n ph7i $0 & th &'c m2t $0 lAn gMp ba l@n $0
nhgn &'c khi ta .i>t th=m .% b=n tr"i $0 &E !m $0 &E
".: :3C;DE
+!i =. F2t $0 c hai ch` $0? tr%ng & ch` $0 hng chmc gMp 9 l@n ch` $0 hng &n .#E J>- &Li chY
hai ch` $0 ta &'c m2t $0 c hai ch` $0 nh, hn $0 ban &@- 5C &n .#E !m $0 &E
".: 95E
+!i >. F2t $0 tl nhi=n c hai ch` $0 c tLng c"c ch` $0 b/ng DE J>- th=m ch` $0 4 .% gi`a hai
ch` $0 ta &'c m2t $0 c 9 ch` $0 lAn hn $0 &K ch% l 5C4E !m $0 &E
".: 3;E
+!i ?.
".:
VN III. KL9i !m #hFng S !m )iTng mt 6i"#
Shi cng vic khng Qc * 0Vng s lQng c( th#% ta c*i t*n 0) cng vic l m)t n vM
cng vic% 0i#u thM 0Ki s B-
cdng suIt lm vic l ph[n vic lm Qc tr*ng m)t n vM th\i gian-
OWi a l khi lQng cng vic% n l ndng suIt% t l th\i gian lm vic- !a c:
A nt
-
!2ng ndng suIt riAng 0Vng ndng suIt chung khi cng lm-
+!i ,. Uai ngRi c]ng lm m2t cng .ic tr%ng 3: giR th x%ngE JPng $-Mt ca ngRi th+ nhMt b/ng
3
2
nPng $-Mt ca ngnSi th+ haiE U,i n>- mYi ngRi lm m2t mnh c7 cng .ic th ph7i mMt
thRi gian ba% lG-?
".: ef gi\b gf gi\-
+!i -. F2t bon ch+a c &ct hai .Si nAc ch7y .% . m2t .Si th"% nAc raE
B fon tr0ng khng? n>- mV ri=ng .Si th+ nhMt th $a- : giR bon &@y nAcE
B fon tr0ng khng? n>- mV ri=ng .Si th+ hai th $a- < giR bon &@y nAcE
B fon tr0ng khng? n>- &ong thRi mV c7 ba .Si th $a- D giR 53 phZt bon &@y nAcE
U,i n>- bon ch+a &@y nAc? mV ri=ng .Si th"% nAc th $a- ba% lG- $p th"% h>t nAc ra?
".: T gi\ Tg phDt-
+!i .. F2t cng nhGn ph7i lm m2t $0 $7n phqm tr%ng 5C ngyE _% &K .'t m+c mYi ngy ; $7n
phqm n=n $a- 5< ngy anh &K lm x%ng . lm th=m 34 $7n phqm n`a ng%i k> h%QchE !Tnh
xem mYi ngy anh &K lm &'c ba% nhi=- $7n phqmE
".: D; sFn phJm-
VN IV. KL9i #hFUVn 0ng 07F
!rang 3\
Hunh Minh Khai i s 8
OWi ' l 5uUng \ng )ng t& i% v l v,n tc% t l th\i gian i% ta c: d vt -
h,n tc <ui 'ing nEc j h,n tc lDc nEc 3An l@ng k h,n tc 'ing nEc
h,n tc ngQc 'ing nEc j h,n tc lDc nEc 3An l@ng 7 h,n tc 'ing nEc
+!i ,. F2t xe .gn t7i &i tN &#a &iXm j &>n &#a &iXm f .Ai .gn t0c ;4 km^h? roi tN f O-ay ngay .1
j .Ai .gn t0c :4 km^hE *7 &i . .1 mMt m2t thRi gian l ; giR 3: phZtE !m chi1- di O-Kng
&Rng tN j &>n fE
".: km 120 -
+!i -. F2t xe &Qp khVi hnh tN &iXm j? chQy .Ai .gn t0c 34 km^hE Wa- & 9 giR? m2t xe hi &-Li
the% .Ai .gn t0c ;4 km^hE U,i xe hi chQy tr%ng ba% lG- th &-Li k#p xe &Qp?
".: 2 gi\-
+!i .. F2t ngRi &i xe gen m"y? &i tN &#a &iXm j &>n &#a &iXm f tr=n m2t O-Kng &Rng di km 35 E
hZc trV .1 ngRi & &i the% c%n &Rng kh"c di km 42 .Ai .gn t0c km hn .gn t0c l't &i l
< km^hE !hRi gian l't .1 b/ng
3
2
thRi gian l't &iE !m .gn t0c l't &i . l't .1E
".: h,n tc lQt i l Tf kmlhb v,n tc lQt v l me kmlh-
+!i =. F2t xe t7i &i tN j &>n f .Ai .gn t0c ;4 km^hE ai &'c 3: phZt th gcp &Rng xM- n=n .gn
t0c tr=n O-Kng &Rng cSn lQi gi7m cSn :4 km^hE i .gy &K &>n ni chgm mMt 5C phZtE !m
chi1- di O-Kng &Rng tN j &>n fE
".: km 80 -
+!i >. hZc < giR 5; phZt? m2t t &i tN j &X &=n f .Ai .gn t0c D4 km^hE rhi &>n f? t ngh( 5 giR
rsi? roi O-ay .1 j .Ai .gn t0c <4 km^h . &>n j lZc 55 giR c]ng ngyE !Tnh O-Kng &Rng
jfE
".: 54; km-
+!i ?. Ung ngy !-Mn &i xe &Qp &>n trRng .Ai .gn t0c 53 km^hE W"ng nay d% dgy m-2n? !-Mn
x-Mt ph"t chgm 3 phZtE !-Mn nhqm tTnh? &X &>n trRng &Zng giR nh hm trAc th !-Mn ph7i
&i .Ai .gn t0c 5; km^hE !Tnh O-Kng &Rng tN nh !-Mn &>n trRngE
".: 3 km-
+!i @. F2t ngRi &i xe m"y tN thnh ph0 !hanh U%" . thnh ph0 iinhE J>- chQy .Ai .gn t0c 3;
km^h th $p m-2n $% .Ai dl &#nh l 3 giRE J>- chQy .Ai .gn t0c 94 km^h . gi`a &Rng ngh( 5
giR th ctng m-2n mMt 3 giRE U,i &X &>n ni &Zng giR m ddc &Rng khng ngh( th xe ph7i
chQy mYi giR ba% nhi=- kilmet?
".: 9D?; km-
+!i A. Uai t khVi hnh c]ng m2t lZc &X &i tN U-> . a JungE ign t0c xe th+ nhMt l :4 km^h?
.gn t0c xe th+ hai l <4 km^hE Xe th+ hai &>n a Jung ngh( nHa giR roi O-ay lQi U-> th gcp
xe th+ nhMt V c"ch a Jung 54 kmE !Tnh O-Kng &Rng U-> v a JungE
".: 554 km-
+!i N. w-Kng &Rng j_ di \ km? gom &%Qn jf l=n d0c? &%Qn f* n/m ngang? &%Qn *_ x-0ng
d0cE F2t ngRi &i b2 tN j &>n _ roi O-ay trV .1 j h>t tMt c7 9 giR :5 phZtE !Tnh O-Kng &Rng
f*? bi>t .gn t0c lZc l=n d0c ca ngRi & l : km^h? lZc x-0ng d0c l < km^h . lZc &i tr=n
&Rng n/m ngang l ; km^hE
".: : km-
+!i ,O. F2t xe t7i &i tN j &>n f .Ai .gn t0c :; km^hE Wa- & m2t thRi gian? m2t xe c%n ctng x-Mt
ph"t tN j .Ai .gn t0c <4 km^h . n>- khng c g thay &Li th &-Li k#p xe t7i tQi fE Jhng $a-
khi &i &'c nHa O-Kng &Rng jf th xe c%n tPng .gn t0c l=n D; km^h? n=n $a- & 5 giR th
&-Li k#p xe t7iE !Tnh O-Kng &Rng jfE
".: :;4 km-
+!i ,,. F2t &S m"y x-i dSng tN b>n j &>n b>n f mMt : giR . ng'c dSng tN f .1 j mMt ; giRE
ign t0c ca dSng nAc l 3 km^hE !m chi1- di O-Kng &Rng tN j &>n fE
".: km 80 -
+!i ,-. F2t ca n x-i dSng tN j &>n f mMt ; giR . ng'c dSng tN f &>n j mMt < giRE !Tnh
kh%7ng c"ch jf? bi>t .gn t0c dSng nAc l 3 km^hE
!rang 94
i s 8 Hunh Minh Khai
".: 534 km-
+!i ,.. Uai b>n $ng j . f c"ch nha- :4 kmE *]ng m2t lZc .Ai ca n x-i dSng tN b>n j? c m2t
chi>c bx tri tN b>n j .Ai .gn t0c 9 km^hE Wa- khi &>n f? ca n trV .1 b=b$ j ngay . gcp bx
khi bx &K tri &'c C kmE !Tnh .gn t0c ca ca nE
".: 3D kmlh-
+!i ,=. F2t chi>c th-y1n &i tN b>n j &>n b>n f h>t ; giR? tN b>n f &>n b>n j h>t D giRE U,i m2t
&"m b% tri the% dSng $ng tN j &>n f h>t ba% lG-?
".: 9; gi\-
+!i ,>.
".:
VN V. KL9i #W ni 8Fng h*nh hX#
4nh chZ nh,t c hai kGch thEc a% 0- Din tGch: S ab b +hu vi:
P a b 2( ) +
!am gic vung c hai c8nh gc vung a% 0- Din tGch: S ab
1
2

+!i ,. *h- .i m2t kh- .Rn hnh ch` nhgt b/ng m 60 ? hi- &2 di ca chi1- di . chi1- r2ng l
m 20 E !m &2 di c"c cQnh ca hnh ch` nhgtE
".:
m m 5 ;25
-
+!i -. F2t thHa &Mt hnh ch` nhgt c ch- .i l m 56 E J>- gi7m chi1- r2ng m 2 . tPng chi1- di
m 4 th din tTch tPng th=m
m
2
8
E !m chi1- r2ng . chi1- di thHa &MtE
".:
m m 12 ;16
E
+!i .. F2t kh- .Rn hnh ch` nhgt c chi1- di b/ng 9 l@n chi1- r2ngE J>- tPng mYi cQnh th=m
m 5 th din tTch kh- .Rn tPng th=m
m
2
385
E !Tnh &2 di c"c cQnh ca kh- .RnE
".:
m m 18 ;54
E
+!i =. Ui- $0 &% ch- .i ca hai hnh .-ng l m 32 . hi- $0 &% din tTch ca chZng l
m
2
464
E
!m $0 &% c"c cQnh ca mYi hnh .-ngE
".: c8nh hnh vung nhn l m 25 b c8nh hnh vung lEn l m 33 -
+!i >. F2t kh- .Rn hnh ch` nhgt c ch- .i l m 450 E J>- gim chi1- di &i
1
5
chi1- di ct .
tPng chi1- r2ng th=m
1
4
chi1- r2ng ct th ch- .i hnh ch` nhgt khng &LiE !Tnh chi1- di .
chi1- r2ng kh- .RnE
".:
m m 100 ;125
E
+!i ?. F2t kh- &Mt hnh ch` nhgt c chi1- di hn chi1- r2ng l 54mE J>- chi1- di tPng th=m <m?
chi1- r2ng gi7m &i 9m th din tTch mAi tPng hn din tTch ct l
m
2
12
E !Tnh c"c kTch thAc
ca kh- &MtE
".: 34m? 94mE
+!i @.
".:
+YI T2P ZN CHNG III
!rang 95
Hunh Minh Khai i s 8
+!i ,. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x x x
2
6 5 3 2 3 (3 2 ) +
b)
x x x
x
2( 4) 3 2 1
4 10 5
+
+
c)
x x x 2 3 5 3(2 1) 7
3 4 2 6

+ d)
x x x
x
6 5 10 3 2 1
2
2 4 2
+ + +
+
e)
x x x x
2
( 4)( 4) 2(3 2) ( 4) +
)
x x x x
3 3 2
( 1) ( 1) 6( 1) + + +
".: a9 x
3
2
09 x 5 c9 x
17
19
'9 x
1
2
:9 x 14 ;9 x
2
3

+!i -. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x x (4 3)(2 1) ( 3)(4 3)
b)
x x x
2
25 9 (5 3)(2 1) + +
c)
x x
2 2
(3 4) 4( 1) 0 +
d)
x x x x
4 3 2
2 3 8 4 0 +
e)
x x x
2
( 2)( 2)( 10) 72 +
)
x x x
3 2
2 7 7 2 0 + + +
".: a9 S
3
; 2
4

' ;

09 S
3 4
;
5 3

' ;

c9 S
2
;6
5

' ;

'9 { } S 1; 2;2
:9 { } S 4;4 ;9 S
1
2; 1;
2

' ;

+!i .. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x x x 2 4 6 8
98 96 94 92
+ + + +
+ + b)
x x x x 2 2 45 3 8 4 69
13 15 37 9
+ + + +
+ +
".: a9 x 100 09 x 15
+!i =. 6i7i c"c phng trnh $a-)
a)
x x
x
2
2 3 4
2 1 2 1
4 1

+

b)
x x
x x
x x
2
2 18 2 5
1 3
2 3

+
+ +
+
c)
x
x
x x x
2
3 2
1 2 5 4
1
1 1

+ +
".: a9 x
9
2
09 x 1 c9 x 0
+!i >. !hng ca hai $0 b/ng 9E J>- tPng $0 b# chia 54 &n .# . gi7m $0 chia &i m2t nHa th $0
th+ nhMt th- &'c lAn hn $0 th+ hai th- &'c l 94E !m hai $0 ban &@-E
".: 3: v CE
+!i ?. *h- .i ca m2t hnh ch` nhgt b/ng 5:4 m? hi- gi`a $0 &% chi1- di . chi1- r2ng l 54 mE
!m $0 &% c"c cQnh ca hnh ch` nhgtE
".: 94 m v :4 mE
+!i @. !h]ng th+ nhMt &lng :4 lTt d@-? th]ng th+ hai &lng C; lTt d@-E y th]ng th+ hai lMy ra m2t
l'ng d@- gMp 9 l@n l'ng d@- lMy ra V th]ng th+ nhMtE Wa- & l'ng d@- cSn lQi tr%ng th]ng
th+ nhMt gMp &i l'ng d@- cSn lQi tr%ng th]ng th+ haiE U,i &K lMy ra ba% nhi=- lTt d@-?
".: 3< lGt v DC lGt-
+!i A. *h- .i b"nh xe lAn ca m2t &@- m"y xe lHa l ;?< m . ca b"nh xe nh, l 3?: mE rhi xe
chQy tN ga j &>n ga f th b"nh nh, &K lPn nhi1- hn b"nh lAn l :444 .SngE !Tnh O-Kng
&Rng jfE
".: 5<C44 mE
+!i N. Uai .Si nAc c]ng ch7y tr%ng 53 giR th &@y m2t ho nAcE *h% hai .Si c]ng ch7y tr%ng C
giR roi kh%" .Si th+ nhMt lQi . ch% .Si th+ hai ch7y ti>p .Ai l- l'ng mQnh gMp &i th ph7i
mMt 9 giR 94 phZt n`a mAi &@y hoE U,i mYi .Si ch7y m2t mnh .Ai l- l'ng ban &@- th ph7i
mMt ba% lG- mAi &@y hoE
".: hii th$ nhIt chF3 tr*ng 3C gi\% vii th$ hai chF3 tr*ng 35 gi\-
+!i ,O. F2t t &i O-Kng &Rng di <4 km tr%ng m2t thRi gian &K &#nhE z t &i nHa O-Kng &Rng
!rang 93
i s 8 Hunh Minh Khai
&@- .Ai .gn t0c hn dl &#nh l 54 kmlh . &i nHa O-Kng &Rng cSn lQi .Ai .gn t0c thMp hn
dl &#nh l < kmlh nhng t &K &>n &Zng thRi gian &K &#nhE !Tnh thRi gian t &K dl &#nh &i
O-Kng &Rng tr=nE
".: 3 gi\E
+!i ,,. F2t xe t &i tN U J2i .1 !hanh U%"E Wa- khi &i &'c :9 km th dNng lQi :4 phZtE aX .1
&>n !hanh U%" &Zng giR &K &#nh n ph7i &i .Ai .gn t0c b/ng 5?3 l@n .gn t0c trAc &E !Tnh
.gn t0c lZc &@-? bi>t r/ng O-Kng &Rng U J2i v !hanh U%" di 5<9 kmE
".: 94 km-
+!i ,-. Uai ngRi &i b2 c]ng khVi hnh tN j &X &>n fE JgRi th+ nhMt &i nHa thRi gian &@- .Ai .gn
t0c ; km^h? nHa thRi gian $a- .Ai .gn t0c : km^hE JgRi th+ hai &i nHa O-Kng &Rng &@- .Ai
.gn t0c : km^h . nHa O-Kng &Rng $a- .Ai .gn t0c ; km^hE U,i ngRi n% &>n f trAc?
".: cg\i th$ nhIt 1n trEc-
+!i ,..
".:
!rang 99