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SENSORS IN

AUTOMOBILES
By

Branch AEIE
Purushottam Institute Of Engg. And Tech.
WHAT IS A SENSOR ?

 A sensor is a device that measures a


physical quantity and converts it into a
signal which can be read by an observer
or by an instrument. For example, a
mercury thermometer converts the
measured temperature into expansion
and contraction of a liquid which can be
read on a calibrated glass tube. A
thermocouple converts temperature to an
output voltage which can be read by a
voltmeter.
AUTOMOBILES CONTAIN
HUNDREDS OF SENSORS!
anti-lock brakes seatbelts automatic
locks
gas gauge airbags oxygen
sensors
air conditioner heater
temperature sensor
car alarm speedometer oil pressure
VEHICLE NAVIGATION SYSTEM

Cooperation of wireless sensors (e.g. GPS + Accelerometer +


Camera
SMART CAR : SPECIAL FEATURES
1. There are so many people killed in the car
accidents that car accident reports
can be found in newspaper nearly every
day.
2. A smart car can alert the driver if he
becomes drowsy.
3. The computer in the car will totally
eliminate the cases of getting lost and
getting stuck in traffic.
4. The computer in the car sends out a radio
signal that can be detected by a satellite.
5. By establishing the relation between the
rotation in the steering wheel and the car’s
position on a map, the computer can tell
us where the car is.
 At the heart of each
automobile is the engine
 Modern engines use
software loaded in the
engine’s Engine Control
Module (ECM) to optimize
performance and efficiency
OVERVIEW OF THE
MITSUBISHI 4G93 ENGINE

 The sensors connected to the ECM are:


… air flow sensor
… air intake temperature sensor
… intake-manifold vacuum or manifold absolute pressure
(MAP) sensor
… engine coolant temperature sensor
… throttle position sensor
… oxygen sensor
… Hall effect crankshaft sensor
… Hall effect camshaft sensor
MITSUBISHI ENGINE SENSORS
 Throttle Position Sensor
… rotary type sensor – wiper blade and resistance coil form a simple
voltage divider
… controls the idle speed of the engine
 The Oxygen Sensor
… measures amount of oxygen that is left after combustion
… air-fuel ratio is correct when the oxygen sensor reads 0.45V
 The Hall Effect Crank Sensor
… calculate the speed of the engine
… calculate the position of each cylinder
 The Hall Effect Camshaft Sensor
… calculate the position of each cylinder
… firing must occur a few degrees before Top Dead Center (TDC)
WSNS - APPLICATIONS: AUTOMOBILE
º Intra-vehicle:
: Objective: remove excessive
wires
: Monitoring difficult access
areas
: Easy access to useful
information

Inter-vehicle:
: Objective: improve driving
safety
Automobiles are the nodes
themselves
Messages may be:
. Dangerous conditions
Traffic jams
“Smart” road signs
USE OF SENSORS IN RACING
SCENARIO
º Provide to the driver:
 : Tire pressure
 : Lights failure
 : Fuel consumption
 : Acceleration

º Send to the pit:


 : Heart rate and blood pressure
 :Help requests
ACTIVE ELECTRICAL POWER
STEERING, AUTOMATED PARKING,
ACTIVE STEERING
 Active electrical power steering
… The steering gear box is controlled by the
electronics to achieve smoother, more accurate
steering
 Automated Parking
… BMW Park-Assist uses sensors to detect an
empty parking and parallel-park the car
… Commonly-used sensor: Lidar (light detection
and ranging technology) – laser-based range
detection
 Active Steering
INTERSECTION ASSISTANT WITH CAR
TO CAR COMMUNICATION
(USING WLAN)
 Collisions at street intersections can be avoided with
Intersection Assistant
 Cornering and Intersection Assistant
… Radar and laser sensors enable the monitoring of
surroundings of cars
… Obstacles are identified. Cars can be braked
automatically
… Intersection Assistant can be realized with
currently commercially available WLAN. Up to
now, it is only used in driver assist mode.
STEERING SYSTEMS

 Automated parking and disturbance


control (e.g., from side wind) will be the
next development steps
 To realize the accident-free vehicle, more
near-field information will be necessary
 After so-called “collision avoidance,”
automated driving can be realized
 The next development steps will need to
concentrate on “camera vision”
AVICS (Advanced Vehicle Information
& Communication System)

Exclusive Line Content/


Exclusive Line Information
Telecom AVICS
Providers
Company Center
Data Processing Data Collecting
AVICS Center or NAVI. Control Traffic
Internet Sites Connection Accident Report Events / Weather / Travel
E-mail POI / Stocks / News
Contents/Information
DAB/Cellular

Wireless
MODEM AV/NAVI Traffic / Weather / Travel
Route Guidance /
Internet Access /E-MAIL /
GPS Integrated Car Diagnosis / Navigation
ECU Extra Functions

Hands Free
VIBRATION REDUCTION ON AUTOMOTIVE
SHAFTS USING PIEZOCERAMICS
 The use of intelligent
materials e.g.
piezoelectric ceramics
seems to be the most
promisingly ones for
the use in automobile
structures.
 Piezoelectric devices
and active vibration
reduction are
advantageous in this Applied piezoceramics on a
application field due to test automotive shaft
their low mass to
performance ratio.
THANK YOU

Questions ?

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