B(i ): t cc A ng dung dch HCl v cc B ng dung dch H 2 SO 4 long vo 2 a cn sao cho cn v t!" cn #$ng% Sau & l' th" ngh()' nh* sau+ , Cho --.2g /0 vo cc ng dung dch HCl% , Cho m ga' Al vo cc ng dung dch H 2 SO 4 % 1h( c2 /0 v Al 3u tan hon ton th45 cn v t!" th6ng #$ng% 7"nh m8 B(i *: Cho lu9ng :h" h(!o ( ;ua ng thu< t(nh ch=a 2> g #?t 9ng @AAB oC(t 4>> > C% Sau Dh2n =ng thu *Ec -F.G g ch4t !Hn% aB IJu h()n t*Eng Dh2n =ng C25 !a% #B 7"nh thK t"ch :h" h(!o tha' g(a Dh2n =ng t!Jn :tc% B(i +: 7hc h()n nung a ga' 1ClO L v # ga' 1MnO 4 K thu :h" NC(% Sau :h( Dh2n =ng C25 !a hon ton thO th45 :h( l*Eng cPc ch4t cQn lR( sau Dh2n =ng #$ng nhau% a% 7"nh t< l) b a % #% 7"nh t< l) thK t"ch :h" NC( tRo thnh cSa ha( Dh2n =ng% B(i 4: Cho lu9ng :h" h(!o ( ;ua ng thu< t(nh ch=a 2> g #?t 9ng@AAB oC(t 4>> > C% Sau Dh2n =ng thu *Ec -F.G g ch4t !Hn% aB IJu h()n t*Eng Dh2n =ng C25 !a% #B 7"nh h()u su4t Dh2n =ng% cB 7"nh s l"t :h" h(!o tha' g(a :hT 9ng@AAB oC(t t!Jn :tc% B(i ,- 7"nh tU lJ V thK t"ch dung dch HCl -G.2WX @Y Z -.2 g['lB v thK t"ch dung dch HCl -LX @Y Z -.-2L g['lB K Dha thnh dung dch HCl 4.W M 8 B(i .- K t chP5 hon ton >.F\2 ga' :(' loR( ] chU c^n d_ng G>X l*Eng oC( s(nh !a :h( Dhn hS5 W.WL ga' 1MnO 4 % H5 CPc nh :(' loR( ]8 B(i /-MNVt h`n hED g9' an v /0 c& :h( l*Eng l L\.2 ga' % HQa tan h`n hED n5 t!ong 2 l"t dung dch H 2 SO 4 >.WM aB Ch=ng tb !$ng h`n hED n5 tan hct 8 #B Icu d_ng 'NVt l*Eng h`n hED an v /0 g4D N( t!*dng hED t!*ec. l*Eng H 2 SO 4 vfn nh* cg thO h`n hED 'e( n5 c& tan hct ha5 :hNng8 cB 7!ong t!*dng hED @aB h5 t"nh :h( l*Eng '`( :(' loR( t!ong h`n hED #(ct !$ng l*Eng H 2 s(nh !a t!ong Dh2n =ng vha S tPc ding ve( 4G ga' CuO8 B(i 8- K :hT hon ton 4> ga' h`n hED g9' CuO v /0 2 O L nh()t ? cao. c^n d_ng -L.44 l"t :h" H 2 @:tcB% aB 7"nh :h( l*Eng '`( ch4t t!ong h`n hED #an ^u% #B 7"nh thnh Dh^n X th0o :h( l*Eng '`( ch4t t!ong h`n hED #an ^u% B(i 0- -% t chP5 2W.F ga' Cu thu *Ec 2G.G ga' ch4t !Hn j% 7"nh :h( l*Eng '`( ch4t t!ong j% 2% Cho 2.4 ga' :(' loR( hoP t! AA tPc ding ve( dung dch HCl l45 d*. sau :h( Dh2n =ng :ct thkc thu *Ec 2.24 l"t :h" H 2 @ :tcB% jPc nh :(' loR(% B(i )0- 7!Jn 2 a cn K ha( cc ng dung dch HCl v H 2 SO 4 sao cho cn v t!" th6ng #$ng + , Cho vo cc ng dung dch HCl 2W g CaCO L
, Cho vo cc ng dung dch H 2 SO 4 a g Al % Cn v t!" th6ng #$ng % 7"nh a . #(ct c& cPc Dh2n =ng C25 !a hon ton th0o Dh*lng t!Onh + CaCO L m 2 HCl CaCl 2 m H 2 O m CO 2 2 Al m LH 2 SO 4 Al 2 @SO 4 B L m LH 2
B(i ))- HED ch4t A c& thnh Dh^n th0o :h( l*Eng cSa cPc ngu5Jn t nh* sau+ 22.-LXAl. 2W.4>Xn. cQn lR( l ngu5Jn t O% H5 loD cNng th=c h&a hpc cSa A% B(ct M A Z -22 g['ol% B(i )*- HQa tan hon ton F.\W ga' :(' loR( nhN' t!ong dung dch aC(t cloh(d!(c HCl d*% nh2n =ng h&a hpc g(qa nhN' v aC(t cloh(d!(c HCl *Ec #(Ku d(rn th0o sl 9 sau+ Al m HCl AlCl L m H 2 aB H5 loD Dh*lng t!Onh h&a hpc cSa Dh2n =ng% #B 7"nh thK t"ch@ :tcB cSa :h" H 2 s(nh !a% cB 7"nh :h( l*Eng aC(t HCl tha' g(a Dh2n =ng% dB 7"nh :h( l*Eng 'u( AlCl L *Ec tRo thnh% B(i )+: a%Cho cPc ch4t+ 1MnO 4 . CO 2 . an. CuO. 1ClO L . /0 2 O L . n 2 O W . CaO. CaCO L % Hb( t!ong s cPc ch4t t!Jn. c& nhqng ch4t no+ , Ih()t Dhn thu *Ec O 2 8 , 7Pc ding *Ec ve( H 2 O. l' ic n*ec vN(. ve( H 2 8 s(ct cPc Dh*lng t!Onh Dh2n =ng C25 !a@ gh( !t (3u :()n Dh2n =ng ncu c&B% #% H5 nJu Dh*lng DhPD Dhn #()t cPc dung dch+ Yung dch aC(t cloh(!(c. dung dch na!( h(!oC(t. n*ec c4t v 'u( 6n% B(i )4: Cho 22.4 g sHt vo '?t dung dch ch=a -G.2W g aC(t cloh(!(c @HClB tRo thnh sHt @AAB clo!ua @/0Cl 2 B v :h" h(!o @H 2 B a%uoD Dh*lng t!Onh hoP hpc cSa Dh2n =ng t!Jn8 #%Ch4t no cQn d* sau Dh2n =ng v c& :h( l*Eng l #ao nh(Ju8 c%7"nh thK t"ch cSa :h" h(!o thu *Ec @ :tcB B(i ),- Cho lu9ng :h" h(!o ( ;ua ng thu< t(nh ch=a 2> g #?t 9ng @AAB oC(t 4>> > C% Sau Dh2n =ng thu *Ec -F.G g ch4t !Hn% a% IJu h()n t*Eng Dh2n =ng C25 !a% #%7"nh thK t"ch :h" h(!o tha' g(a Dh2n =ng t!Jn :tc% B(i ).- a% M?t ngu5Jn tT ] c& tvng s hRt D.n.0 l --W% S hRt 'Rng ()n nh(3u hln s hRt :hNng 'ang ()n l 2W% H5 CPc nh tJn ngu5Jn tT ]8 #% 7!?n t< l) v3 thK t"ch @o c_ng (3u :()nB nh* thc no. g(qa O 2 v I 2 K ng*d( ta thu *Ec '?t h`n hED :h" c& t< :h( so ve( H 2 #$ng -4.\W 8 B(i )/- 7"nh n9ng ? Dh^n t!6' cSa dung dch tRo thnh :h( ho tan+ -[ Lwg 1al( vo LF2g n*ec% 2[ 2>>g SO L vo - l"t dung dch H 2 SO 4 -\X @d Z -.-2g['lB%
B(i )8- 7!ung ho ->> 'l dd IaOH c^n -W 'l dd HIO L c& n9ng ? F>X. :h( l*Eng !(Jng -.4 g['l% -[ 7"nh n9ng ? M cSa dd IaOH #an ^u% 2[ Icu t!ung ho l*Eng dd IaOH n&( t!Jn #$ng dd H 2 SO 4 c& n9ng ? 4wX thO c^n #ao nh(Ju ga' dd H 2 SO 4 8 B(i )0- MNVt h`n hED g9' an v /0 c& :h( l*Eng l L\.2 ga'% HQa tan h`n hED n5 t!ong 2 l"t dung dch H 2 SO 4 >.WM% -[ Ch=ng tb !$ng h`n hED n5 tan hct8 2[ Icu d_ng 'NVt l*Eng h`n hED an v /0 g4D N( t!*dng hED t!*ec. l*Eng H 2 SO 4 vfn nh* cg thO h`n hED 'e( n5 c& tan hct ha5 :hNng8 L[ 7!ong t!*dng hED @-B h5 t"nh :h( l*Eng '`( :(' loR( t!ong h`n hED #(ct !$ng l*Eng H 2 s(nh !a t!ong Dh2n =ng vha S tPc ding ve( 4G ga' CuO8 B(i *0- Ho tan 4g oC(t sHt /0 C O 5 d_ng vha S W2.-4'l dung dch HCl ->X @d Z -.>Wg['lB% -[ s(ct n7HH cSa Dh2n =ng C25 !a% 2[ 7O' cNng th=c cSa oC(t sHt t!Jn% B(i *)- BRn H2( H v(ct cNng th=c hoP hpc nh* sau + Ca 2 @nO 4 B L x AgCl L x anO x Al@OHB 2 x CaHCO L x Ca@OHB 2 x IaHCO L x Ia 2 nO 4 x Al L @SO 4 B 2 x Cu@OHB 2 x 1@OHB 2 x Mg 2 O % 7h0o 0' cNng th=c no v(ct kng. C7HH no v(ct ch*a kng % y' chqa lR( cho C7HH kng B(i **- Ho tan hon ton 4.G@gB '?t :(' loR( ] c& hoP t! AA #$ng dung dch aC(t HCl d*% Sau Dh2n =ng thu *Ec 4.4G l"t :h" H(!o @ (3u :()n t(Ju chuznB% jPc nh :(' loR( ]8 B(i *+- un n&ng h`n hED A dRng #?t c& :h( l*Eng Lw.L ga' g9' cPc :(' loR( Mg. Al. /0 v Cu t!ong :hNng :h" d* oC( cn :h( thu *Ec h`n hED !Hn c& :h( l*Eng :hNng v( l WG.Wga'% s(ct cPc n7HH #(Ku d(rn cPc Dh2n =ng C25 !a v t"nh thK t"ch :h" oC( @:tcB tPc ding ve( h`n hED :(' loR(% B(i *4-Cho -F.2W ga' :{' tPc ding hct ve( dung dch aC(t cloh(d!(c. cho ton #? l*Eng :h" h(d!o *Ec tRo tRo thnh tPc ding ve( l*Eng d* 9ng @AAB oC(t nung n&ng K :hT oC(t & thnh 9ng :(' loR(% 7"nh :h( l*Eng 9ng thu *Ec% B(i *,-1hT hon ton '?t l*Eng sHt @AAAB oC(t #$ng #?t nhN' vha S% Ig' sHt thu *Ec sau Dh2n =ng t!ong dung dch 9ng @AAB sun|at. sau :h( Dh2n =ng :ct thkc thu *Ec 2.WF ga' 9ng% a% s(ct cPc n7HH% #% 7"nh :h( l*Eng sHt @AAAB oC(t d_ng% c% 7"nh :h( l*Eng #?t nhN' d_ng% B(i *.-7!Jn ha( a cn K ha( cc ng dung dch aC(t cloh(d!(c v aC(t sun|u!(c. cn v t!" th6ng #$ng% , Cho vo cc ng dung dch aC(t cloh(d!(c 2W ga' canC( cac#onat @CaCO L B% , Cho vo cc ng dung dch aCt sun|u!(c a ga' nhN'% Sau :h( Dh2n =ng :ct thkc. cn vfn v t!" th6ng #$ng% 7"nh a. #(ct c& cPc Dh2n =ng C25 !a+ CaCO L m 2HCl }CaCl 2 m H 2 O m CO 2 2Al m LH 2 SO 4 } Al 2 @SO 4 B L m LH 2 B(i */ Cho F>.W ga' h`n hED 2 :(' loR( :{' v sHt tPc ding hct ve( dung dch aC(t cloh(d!(c% 7hnh Dh^n Dh^n t!6' :h( l*Eng cSa sHt t!ong h`n hED :(' loR( l 4F.2GwX% 7"nh+ a% 1h( l*Eng '`( :(' loR( t!ong h`n hED% #% 7hK t"ch :h" h(d!o @:tcB thu *Ec% c% 1h( l*Eng cSa cPc 'u( tRo thnh% B(i *8- Cho a ga' h`n hED g9' 2 :(' loR( A v B @ch*a !t hoP t!B tPc ding hct ve( dd HCl @c2 A v B 3u Dh2n =ngB% Sau :h( Dh2n =ng :ct thkc. ng*d( ta chU thu *Ec F\ ga' 'u( v G.wFl"t H 2 @17CB% a% s(ct cPc Dh*lng t!Onh hoP hpc 8 #% 7"nh a 8 B(i *0- loD cNng th=c hoP hpc cSa cPc oC(t c& thnh Dh^n nh* sau + Igu5Jn t I ch(c' L>.4LX% nhn tT :h( cSa oC(t l 4F vC% B(i +0- 1. C nhng cht sau: Zn, Cu, Al, H 2 O, C 12 H 22 O 11 , KMnO 4 , HCl, KClO 3 , H 2 SO 4 long. a. Nhng cht no c th! "#$u ch% "&c 'h( O)#, 'h( H*"+,. -. .#%t c/c 0h1ng t+2nh ha h3c )4* +a 'h# "#$u ch% nhng cht 'h( n# t+5n. c. 6+2nh -* ng7n g3n c/ch thu c/c 'h( n# t+5n 8o l3 2. C 4 l3 'h,ng nhn "9ng +#5ng -#:t t;ng <ung <=ch sau: HCl, NaOH, Ca>OH? 2 , NaCl. H* nh@n -#%t t;ng cht "9ng t+ong AB# l3 -Cng Dh1ng Dh/D ha h3c 8 8#%t Dh1ng t+2nh Dh4n Eng )4* +a. B(i +)- 1. Cho 1F l(t 'h( H 2 t/c <Gng 8H# I,J2 l(t Cl 2 >"'tc?. 6(nh 'hK# l&ng cLa HCl thu "&c, -#%t h#:u sut Dh4n Eng l IFM 8 At A/t l NM. 2. MOt O)(t cLa N#t1 c <Png N ) O * . Q#%t 'hK# l&ng cLa N#t1 t+ong DhRn tS ch#%A 3F,4 M ngo# +a cE 1,1N g O)(t n* ch#%A th! t(ch F,2T l(t >"'tc?. U/c "=nh c,ng thEc cLa O)(t. B(i +*- 1. C AOt O)(t s7t cha +V c,ng thEc. Ch#a AOt l&ng O)(t s7t n* lA ha# DhWn -Cng nhau. X Y! ho tan h%t DhWn Z Dh4# <[ng F,4N Aol a)(t HCl X Cho AOt lu\ng 'h( CO < "# ]ua DhWn ZZ nung nng. 0h4n Eng )ong thu "&c T,4 g ^_. 62A c,ng thEc ho/ h3c cLa S7t O)(t n# t+5n. 2. 0hRn t(ch 2J3,4 g hBn h&D AuK# KClO 3 8 KMnO 4 ta thu "&c 4`,2T l(t O)# >"'tc? a. .#%t 06HH Dh4n Eng. -. 6(nh thnh DhWn M 'hK# l&ng cLa c/c cht c t+ong hBn h&D AuK#. B(i ++- Hon thnh Dh*lng t!Onh Dh2n =ng+ -% 1 m 8 1 2 S
2% /0 L O 4 m 8 Al 2 O L m /0 L% Ia m Cl 2 m 8 8 4% Cu m AgIO L m 8 8 m Ag W% IaOH m /0Cl 2 8 IaCl B(i +4- M?t hED ch4t g9' L ngu5Jn t Mg. C. O. c& Dhn tT :h( l G4vC v c& tU l) :h( l*Eng g(qa cPc ngu5Jn t l+ Mg + C + O Z 2 + L + 4% H5 loD cNng th=c h&a hpc cSa hED ch4t% B(i +,- A l dung dch H 2 SO 4 >.2M. B l dung d(ch H 2 SO 4 >.WM% aB 7!?n A v B th0o t< l) thK t"ch s A + s B Z 2 + L *Ec dung dch C% jPc nh n9ng ? cSa C% #B nh2( t!?n A v B th0o t< l) thK t"ch nh* thc no K *Ec dung dch H 2 SO 4 >.LM8 B(i +.- Ihqng hED ch4t sau 5 c& thK (3u chc oC5 t!ong DhQng th" ngh()'+ 1MnO 4 . 1ClO L . 1IO L . HgO% 7"nh thK t"ch :h" OC5 thu *Ec :tc :h( Dhn hS5+ aB >.W'ol '`( ch4t t!Jn% #B W>g '`( ch4t 1IO L hoc HgO% B(i +/- Cho cPc :(' loR( Ia. Mg. Al l^n l*Et tPc ding ve( dung dch HCl% aB Icu cPc :(' loR( c& c_ng '?t l*Eng @s 'olB tPc ding ve( aC(ts HCl. :(' loR( no cho nh(3u :h" H 2 hln8 #B Icu thu *Ec c_ng l*Eng :h" H 2 hln thO :h( l*Eng :(' loR( no "t hln8 B(i +8 Cho -W.Fg an vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 long ch=a Lw.2g H 2 SO 4 aB 7"nh thK t"ch H 2 thu *Ec dd(0:tc% B(ct !$ng thK t"ch H 2 # hoa hit WX% #B CQn d* #ao nh(Ju ga' ch4t no sau Dh2n =ng8 B(i +0- )% Cho 4L.\ ga' h`n hED 2 :(' loR( an v /0 tPc ding ve( dung dch aC(t cloh(!(c s(nh !a -W.FG l"t :h" H 2 @:tcB a% 7"nh :h( l*Eng '`( :(' loR( t!ong h`n hED t!Jn% #% 7"nh :h( l*Eng sHt s(nh !a :h( cho ton #? :h" H 2 thu *Ec t!Jn tPc ding hon ton ve( 4F.4 ga' /0 L O 4 % *% Ho tan a ga' Al v # ga' an vo dung dch aC(t H 2 SO 4 d* thu *Ec nhqng thK t"ch :h" H 2 #$ng nhau% 7"nh tU l) a + #% B(i 40- )% Ho tan W.- ga' oC(t cSa '?t :(' loR( ch*a #(ct hoP t! #$ng W4.\W ga' dung dch aC(t HCl 2>X% H5 tO' cNng th=c oC(t :(' loR(% *% 7"nh s ga' Ia c^n th(ct K Dh2n =ng ve( W>> ga' H 2 O tRo thnh dung dch IaOH c& n9ng ? 2>X% +% Cho wG ga' aC(t H 2 SO 4 2>X tPc ding ve( 4>> ga' dung dch BaCl 2 W.2X% a% s(ct Dh*lng t!Onh Dh2n =ng C25 !a v t"nh :h( l*Eng :ct tSa tRo thnh% #% 7"nh n9ng ? X cPc ch4t c& t!ong dung dch sau :h( tPch #b :ct tSa%