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BI TP TRNG TM THI I HC NM 2013
Chuyn 1: Cu to nguyn t - Bng tun hon Lin kt Ha hc
Dng 1: Cu to nguyn t
Cu 1: Pht biu no di y khng ng?
A. Cc nguyn t c cu thnh t cc ht c bn l proton, ntron v electron.
B. V nguyn t c cu thnh bi cc ht electron.
C. Ht nhn nguyn t c cu thnh t cc ht proton v ntron.
D. Trong mi nguyn t, khi lng nguyn t u bng s khi.
Cu 2: Lp N c bao nhiu phn lp?
A. 3 B. n C. 2n D. 4
Cu 3: S electron trong cc ion sau:
3
NO

,
4
NH
+
,
3
HCO

, H
+
,
2
4
SO

theo th t l
A. 32, 12, 32, 1, 50 B. 31,11, 31, 2, 48 C. 32, 10, 32, 2, 46 D. 32, 10, 32, 0, 50
Cu 4: Tng s ht ca mt nguyn t X l 28. X l
A. N B. F C. O D. Ne
Cu 5: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s cc loi ht bng 115. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 25 ht. K hiu nguyn t ca X l
A. Br B. Ca C. Ag D. Zn
Cu 6: Mt ion X
2+
c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 92, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 20. S ht ntron v electron trong ion X
2+
ln lt l
A. 36 v 27. B. 36 v 29. C. 29 v 36. D. 27 v 36.
Cu 7: Tng s ht trong ion X
2-
l 50 v trong X
2-
c s ht mang in gp 2,125 ln s ht khng mang in. S
ht proton, ntron, electron trong X ln lt l
A. 15, 16, 15. B. 16, 16, 16. C. 15, 18, 15. D. 16, 17, 16.
Cu 8: Mt hp cht c cng thc MX. Tng s cc ht trong hp cht l 84, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 28. Nguyn t khi ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s cc ht trong X
2-
nhiu hn trong
M
2+
l 16. Cng thc MX l
A. CaO B. MgO C. CaS D. MgS
Cu 9: Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t R, X, Y ln lt l 2p
4
, 3s
1
, 3p
1
. Phn t hp cht
ion n gin gia X v R, gia Y v R ln lt c s ht mang in l
A. 40 v 40 B. 40 v 60 C. 60 v 100 D. 60 v 80
Cu 10: Khi lng phn t 3 mui RCO
3
, RCO
3
, RCO
3
lp thnh 1 cp s cng vi cng sai bng 16. Tng s
p v n trong ht nhn nguyn t ca 3 nguyn t R, R, R bng 120 ht. Vy 3 nguyn t l
A. Mg, Ca v Fe B. Be, Mg v Ca C. Be, Cu v Sr D. Cu, Mg v Ca.
Cu 11: Cho Cr (Z = 24), Fe (Z = 26).
3
Cr
+
,
2
Fe
+
c cu hnh electron ln lt l
A. [Ne]3d
4
, [Ne]3d
4
4s
2
. B. [Ne]3d
3
, [Ne]3d
6
.
C. [Ar]3d
3
, [Ar]3d
6
. D. [Ar]3d
3
, [Ar]3d
5
.
Cu 12: Cho 2 ion X
n+
v Y
n-
u c cu hnh electron l: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
. Tng s ht mang in ca X
n+
nhiu hn ca
Y
n-
l 4 ht. Cu hnh ng electron ca nguyn t X v nguyn t Y l
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
v 1s
2
2s
2
2p
3
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
v 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4

C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
v 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
v 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4

Cu 13: Dy no sau y gm cc ion X
+
, Y
2+
,Z
-
,T
2-
v nguyn t M u c cu hnh e l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
?
A. K
+
, Ca
2+
, Cl
-
, S
2-
, Ar. B. K
+
, Ca
2+
, F
-
, O
2-
, Ne.
C. Na
+
, Ca
2+
, Cl
-
, O
2-
, Ar. D. K
+
, Mg
2+
, Br
-
, S
2-
, Ar.
Cu 14: Cho 2 nguyn t X (Z = 24), Y (Z = 26). Cu hnh electron ca cc ion X
3+
, Y
2+
ln lt l
A. [Ne]3d
4
, [Ne]3d
4
4s
2
. B. [Ne]3d
3
, [Ne]3d
6
.
C. [Ar]3d
3
, [Ar]3d
6
. D. [Ar]3d
3
, [Ar]3d
5
.
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Cu 15: C cc nguyn t ha hc Cr (Z =24), Fe (Z = 26), P (Z = 15), Al (Z = 13). Nguyn t m nguyn t ca
n trng thi c bn c s electron c thn ln nht l
A. Fe. B. Al. C. P. D. Cr.
Cu 16: Cho cc nguyn t:
1
H;
3
Li;
11
Na;
7
N;
8
O;
9
F;
2
He;
10
Ne. Nguyn t ca nguyn t khng c electron c
thn l
A. H, Li, Na, F B. O C. He, Ne D. N
Cu 17: Cho cc nguyn t:
1
H;
3
Li;
11
Na;
7
N;
8
O;
9
F;
2
He;
10
Ne. Nguyn t ca nguyn t c electron c thn
bng 1 l
A. H, Li, Na, F B. H, Li, Na C. O, N D. N
Cu 18: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht p, n, e bng 18 v s ht khng mang in bng trung bnh cng
ca tng s ht mang in. Vy s electron c thn ca nguyn t R l
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 19: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c phn lp ngoi cng l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c phn lp ngoi
cng l 3s. Tng s electron trn hai phn lp ngoi cng ca X v Y l 7. Bit rng X v Y d dng phn ng vi
nhau. S hiu nguyn t ca X v Y tng ng l
A. 13 v 15 B. 18 v 11 C. 17 v 12 D. 11 v 16
Cu 20: Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M
+
v ion X
2-
. Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 164. Tng s cc ht mang
in trong ion M
+
ln hn tng s ht mang in trong ion X
2-
l 3. Trong nguyn t M, s ht proton t hn s ht
ntron l 1 ht, trong nguyn t X s ht proton bng s ht ntron. M v X l
A. K v O B. Na v S C. Li v S D. K v S
Cu 21: Tng s ht mang in trong ion
2
3
AB

bng 82. S ht mang in trong nhn nguyn t A nhiu hn s
ht mang in trong nhn ca nguyn t B l 8. S hiu nguyn t A v B (theo th t) l
A. 12 v 4 B. 24 v 16 C. 16 v 8 D. 14 v 6
Cu 22: Tng s ht mang in trong hp cht AB
2
bng 44. S ht mang in ca nguyn t B nhiu hn s ht
mang in ca nguyn t A l 4. S hiu nguyn t ca A v B ln lt l
A. 5 v 9 B. 7 v 9 C. 8 v 16 D. 6 v 8
Cu 23: C bao nhiu nguyn t ha hc m nguyn t ca n c electron cui cng in vo phn lp 4s?
A. 2. B. 12. C. 9. D. 1.
Cu 24: S nguyn t m nguyn t ca n ( trng thi c bn) c tng s electron trn cc phn lp s bng 7 l
A. 9. B. 3. C. 5. D. 1.
Cu 25: Trong cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X, tng s electron cc phn lp p l 7. S proton
trong nguyn t Y t hn ca nguyn t X l 5. S ht mang in c trong hp cht to bi nguyn t X v Y l
A. 21 B. 100 C. 42 D. 50
Cu 26: X, Y, Z l 3 nguyn t ha hc. Tng s ht mang in trong 3 phn t X
2
Y, ZY
2
v X
2
Z l 200. S ht
mang in ca X
2
Y bng 15/16 ln s ht mang in ca ZY
2
. trng thi c bn, nguyn t Z c s electron p
bng 1,667 ln s electron s. R l phn t hp cht gia X, Y, Z gm 6 nguyn t c tng s ht mang in l
A. 104 B. 52 C. 62 D. 124
Cu 27: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Nguyn t cacbon ch gm nhng nguyn t c cng s n v in tch ht nhn l 6.
B. Cc ng v ca mt nguyn t ha hc u c tnh cht vt l v ha hc ging nhau.
C. S n v in tch ht nhn v s khi l nhng c trng c bn ca nguyn t.
D. Mt nguyn t c s hiu l 29 v c s khi l 61 th nguyn t phi c 29 electron.
Cu 28: Cacbon c 2 ng v
12
6
C v
13
6
C. Oxi c 3 ng v
16
8
O ;
17
8
O ;
18
8
O. S loi phn t CO
2
ti a c th
to thnh t cc ng v l
A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 14
Cu 29: Hiro c 3 ng v
1
1
H ;
2
1
H ;
3
1
H. Oxi c 3 ng v
16
8
O ;
17
8
O;
18
8
O. S loi phn t H
2
O ti a c thnh
phn ng v khc nhau l
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A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 18
Cu 30: T l v s nguyn t ca 2 ng v A v B trong t nhin ca mt nguyn t X l 27 : 23. Trong ng
v A c 35 proton v 44 ntron, ng v B c nhiu hn ng v A l 2 ntron. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
nguyn t X l
A. 79,92. B. 81,86. C. 80,01. D. 76,35.
Cu 31: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Clo bng 35,5. Clo c hai ng v
35
17
Cl v
37
17
Cl . Phn trm khi lng ca
35
17
Cl c trong axit pecloric l (cho KLNT ca H = 1; O = 16)
A. 26,92% B. 26,12% C. 30,12% D. 27,2%
Dng 2: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t Ha hc
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron no sau y khng phi l ca nguyn t thuc nhm B?
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
1
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
2
4p
1

C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
2

Cu 2: Ion M
2+
c cu hnh e: [Ar]3d
8
. V tr ca M trong bng tun hon l
A. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB B. Chu k 3, nhm VIIIA
C. Chu k 3, nhm VIIIB D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA
Cu 3: Ion X
3+

c cu hnh electron l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
. V tr ca X trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc
l
A. chu k 3, nhm VIB. B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
C. chu k 4, nhm IIA. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA.
Cu 4: Cation X
3+
v anion Y
2-
u c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p
6
. V tr ca X v Y trong bng
tun hon ln lt l
A. X chu k 2, nhm IIIA v Y chu k 2, nhm IVA.
B. X chu k 3, nhm IIA v Y chu k 3, nhm VIA.
C. X chu k 2, nhm IIA v Y chu k 3, nhm VIA.
D. X chu k 3, nhm IIIA v Y chu k 2, nhm VIA.
Cu 5: Cho cu hnh electron ca cc ht vi m sau:
X: [Ne]3s
2
3p
1
Y
2+
: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
Z : [Ar]3d
5
4s
2

M
2-
: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
T
2+
: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6

Dy gm cc nguyn t u thuc chu k 3 l
A. X, Y, M. B. X, M, T. C. X, Y, M, T. D. X, T.
Cu 6: Hp cht ion A c to nn t cc ion n nguyn t M
2+
v X
2-
. Tng s ht (ntron, proton, electron)
trong phn t A l 84, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 28 ht. S ht mang in ca
ion X
2-
t hn s ht mang in ca ion M
2+
l 20 ht. V tr ca M trong bng tun hon l
A. 8, chu k 2, nhm VIA. B. 26, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
C. 12, chu k 3, nhm IIA. D. 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA.
Cu 7: Hp cht A to bi ion M
2+
v ion X
2
2
. Tng s ht c bn to nn hp cht A l 241 trong , tng s ht
mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 47. Tng s ht mang in ca ion M
2+
nhiu hn ca ion X
2
2
l 76
ht. V tr ca M trong bng tun hon l
A. 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA B. 12, chu k 3, nhm IIA
C. 56, chu k 6, nhm IIA D. 38, chu k 5, nhm IIA
Cu 8: Tng s cc ht electron trong anion XY
3
2-
l 42. Trong X chim 40% v khi lng. Trong cc ht nhn
ca X v Y u c s ht proton bng s ht ntron. V tr ca X, Y trong bng tun hon l
A. X th 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA; Y th 9; chu k 2, nhm VIIA
B. X th 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA; Y th 8; chu k 2, nhm VIA
C. X th 14, chu k 3, nhm IVA; Y th 8; chu k 2, nhm VIB
D. X th 14, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB; Y th 9; chu k 2, nhm VIIA
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Cu 9: Trong hp cht ion XY
2
(X l kim loi, Y phi kim), X v Y hai chu k lin tip. Tng s electron trong
XY
2
l 54. Cng thc ca XY
2
l
A. BaCl
2
B. FeCl
2
C. CaCl
2
D. MgCl
2

Cu 10: Cho hai nguyn t ca hai nguyn t A v B thuc nhm chnh lin tip, tng s hiu ca chng l 23, A
thuc nhm V v n cht ca A v B khng phn ng vi nhau nhit thng. A v B l
A. P v O
2
B. N
2
v S C. N v S . D. P v S
Cu 11: Tnh cht no sau y khng bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn ca cc nguyn t
trong bng tun hon?
A. Nguyn t khi B. m in C. Nng lng ion ha D. Bn knh nguyn t
Cu 12: Trong mt chu k (vi cc nguyn t thuc nhm A, tr nhm VIIIA), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht
nhn th
A. Bn knh nguyn t gim dn, s lp electron tng dn
B. Tnh phi kim mnh dn, nng lng ion th nht lun tng dn
C. Tnh baz, tnh axit ca cc oxit mnh dn
D. Tnh kim loi gim dn, m in tng dn
Cu 13: Trong dy cc nguyn t t Na n Cl (theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn) th:
1) bn knh nguyn t tng. 2) m in gim.
3) nng lng ion ho th nht tng dn. 4) tnh baz ca oxit v hiroxit gim dn.
5) tnh kim loi tng dn. 6) tnh phi kim gim dn.
S nhn nh ng l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
Cu 14: Cho cc ion sau: Cl
-
; S
2-
; Ca
2+
; K
+
. Th t tng dn bn knh ca cc ion trn l
A. Ca
2+
; K
+
; S
2-
; Cl
-
B. Cl
-
; S
2-
; Ca
2+
; K
+
. C. S
2-
; Cl
-
; K
+
; Ca
2+
D. .Ca
2+
; K
+
; Cl
-
; S
2-
.
Cu 15: Dy no sau y xp theo chiu tng dn bn knh ca cc ion?
A. Al
3+
; Mg
2+
; Na
+
; F

; O
2
. B. Na
+
; O
2
; Al
3+
; F

; Mg
2+
.
C. O
2
; F

; Na
+
; Mg
2+
; Al
3+
. D. F

; Na
+
; O
2
; Mg
2+
; Al
3+
.
Cu 16: Cho cc nguyn t sau : X (Z=9); Y (Z=12); M (Z = 15); T (Z= 19). Dy sp xp theo chiu tng dn bn
knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t l
A. Y < T < X < M B. M < Y < X < T C. X < M < Y < T D. X < Y < M < T
Cu 17: Chiu tng dn nng lng ion ha th nht ca 3 nguyn t: X (Z = 11), Y (Z = 12), Z (Z = 13) c xp
theo dy trt t l
A. X, Z, Y. B. Z, X, Y. C. X, Y, Z. D. Z, Y, X.
Cu 18: Cc ion X
+
, Y
2+
, Z
-
, T
2-
u c cu hnh electron ngoi cng l 3s
2
3p
6
. Tnh kh ca X, Y, Z, T gim dn
theo th t t tri sang phi l
A. T, Z, Y, X B. X, Y, T, Z C. X, Y, Z, T D. Y, X, T, Z
Cu 19: Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca cc nguyn t tng
dn theo th t
A. Y < M < X < R. B. R < M < X < Y. C. M < X < R < Y. D. M < X < Y < R.
Cu 20: Xt ba nguyn t c cu hnh electron ln lt l: X: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
; Y: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
; Z: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
.
Hiroxit ca X, Y, Z xp theo th t tng dn tnh baz l
A. Y(OH)
2
< Z(OH)
3
< XOH B. Z(OH)
3
< Y(OH)
2
< XOH
C. XOH < Y(OH)
2
< Z(OH)
3
D. Z(OH)
2
< Y(OH)
3
< XOH
Cu 21: Dy nguyn t no sau y c xp ng theo th t gim dn m in
A. F, O, P, N B. O, F, N, P C. F, O, N, P D. F, N, O, P
Cu 22: Dy sp xp Al, Si, Na, K, Mg theo chiu bn knh nguyn t tng dn l
A. K, Na, Mg, Al, Si B. Si, Al, Mg, Na, K C. Na, K, Mg, Si, Al D. Si, Al, Na, Mg, K
Cu 23: Tnh axit ca cc axit c oxi thuc phn nhm chnh V (VA) theo trt t gim dn l
A. H
3
SbO
4
, H
3
AsO
4
, H
3
PO
4
, HNO
3
B. HNO
3
, H
3
PO
4
, H
3
SbO
4
, H
3
AsO
4

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C. HNO
3
, H
3
PO
4
, H
3
AsO
4
, H
3
SbO
4
D. H
3
AsO
4
, H
3
PO
4
, H
3
SbO
4
, HNO
3

Cu 24: Dy cht no sau y c sp xp ng theo th t tnh axit gim dn?
A. H
2
SiO
3
, HAlO
2
, H
3
PO
4
, H
2
SO
4
, HClO
4
B. HClO
4
, H
3
PO
4
, H
2
SO
4
, HAlO
2
, H
2
SiO
3

C. HClO
4
, H
2
SO
4
, H
3
PO
4
, H
2
SiO
3
, HAlO
2
D. H
2
SO
4
, HClO
4
, H
3
PO
4
, H
2
SiO
3
, HAlO
2

Cu 25: Trong cc hidroxit sau, cht c tnh baz mnh nht l
A. Be(OH)
2
B. Ba(OH)
2
C. Mg(OH)
2
D. Ca(OH)
2

Cu 26: Cho oxit ca cc nguyn t thuc chu k 3: Na
2
O, MgO, Al
2
O
3
, SiO
2
, P
2
O
5
, SO
3
, Cl
2
O
7
. Theo trt t trn,
cc oxit c
A. tnh axit tng dn B. tnh baz tng dn
C. % khi lng oxi gim dn D. tnh cng ha tr gim dn
Cu 27: Tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t X v Y l 25. Y thuc nhm VIIA. iu kin thch hp n
cht X tc dng vi Y. Kt lun no di y l ng?
A. X l kim loi, Y l phi kim. B. trng thi c bn X c 2 electron c thn
C. Cng thc oxit cao nht ca X l X
2
O D. Cng thc oxit cao nht ca Y l Y
2
O
7

Cu 28: X, Y l 2 nguyn t kim loi thuc cng mt nhm A trong bng tun hon. Bit Z
X
< Z
Y
v Z
X
+ Z
Y
= 32. Kt
lun no sau y l ng?
A. Bn knh nguyn t ca X > Y. B. Nng lng ion ha I
1
ca X < Y.
C. X, Y u c 2 electron lp ngoi cng. D. Tnh kim loi ca X > Y.
Cu 29: X, Y, Z l cc nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k trong bng tun hon. Bit:
- Oxit ca X tan trong nc to thnh dung dch lm giy qu tm.
- Y tan ngay trong nc to thnh dung dch lm xanh giy qu tm.
- Oxit ca Z phn ng c c vi dung dch HCl v dung dch NaOH
Dy sp xp theo chiu tng dn s hiu nguyn t ca X, Y v Z l
A. Y, Z, X B. X, Y, Z C. Z, Y, X. D. X, Z, Y
Cu 30: Cho X v M l 2 nguyn t u thuc phn nhm chnh, anion X

v cation M
2+
(M khng phi l Be) u
c chung 1 cu hnh electron vi nguyn t R. Khng nh no sau y l khng ng?
A. Nu M chu k 3 th X l Flo.
B. Nu R c n electron th phn t hp cht ion n gin gia X v M c 3n electron.
C. X l nguyn t p v M l nguyn t s.
D. S ht mang in ca Ms ht mang in ca X = 3.
Cu 31: Cho X v M l 2 nguyn t u thuc phn nhm chnh, anion X

v cation M
2+
(M khng phi l Be) u
c chung 1 cu hnh electron vi nguyn t R. Trong s cc pht biu sau:
1, Nu M chu k 3 th X l flo.
2, Nu R c n electron th phn t hp cht ion n gin gia X v M c 3n electron.
3, X l nguyn t p v M l nguyn t s.
4, S ht mang in ca Ms ht mang in ca X = 6.
5, Nu R l neon th M l canxi.
6, trng thi c bn, nguyn t M c nhiu e c thn hn nguyn t X.
7, Bn knh ca X
-
< R < M
2+
.
8, in tch ht nhn ca X
-
< R < M
2+
.
S pht biu ng l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
Cu 32: Cho cc nhn nh sau:
1) Nu cu hnh electron ca ion X
2+
l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
th nguyn t X thuc chu k 4, nhm
VIIIB.
2) Cc ion v nguyn t: Ne, Na
+
, F

c im chung l c cng s electron.

3) Dy gm cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi
l K, Mg, Si, N.
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4) Tnh baz ca dy cc hiroxit: NaOH, Mg(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
gim dn.
Cho: N (Z = 7), F (Z = 9), Ne (Z = 10), Na (Z = 11), Mg (Z = 12), Al (Z = 13), K (Z = 19), Si (Z = 14).
S nhn nh ng l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.
Cu 33: Hp cht kh vi hiro ca mt nguyn t l RH
4
, oxit cao nht ca n cha 53,3% oxi v khi lng.
Nguyn t l
A. nit. B. cacbon. C. silic. D. bo.
Cu 34: Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t Y l YO
3
. Trong hp cht vi hiro ca Y, hiro chim 5,88% v khi lng.
Y l nguyn t
A. O B. P C. S D. Se
Cu 35: Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH
3
. Trong oxit m R c ho tr cao
nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. As B. S C. N D. P
Cu 36: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns
2
np
4
. Trong hp cht kh ca
nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 50,00% B. 27,27% C. 60,00% D. 40,00%
Cu 37: Phn trm v khi lng ca nguyn t R trong oxit cao nht v trong hp cht kh vi hiro tng ng l
a% v b%, vi a : b = 0,425. Tng s electron trn cc phn lp p ca nguyn t R l
A. 9. B. 8. C. 10. D. 11.
Dng 3: Lin kt Ha hc
Cu 1: Lin kt cng ho tr l lin kt c hnh thnh gia hai nguyn t bng
A. Mt hay nhiu cp electron chung B. Nhiu cp electron chung
C. S cho - nhn proton D. Mt cp electron dng chung
Cu 2: Trng hp no sau y khng tha mn quy tc bt t?
A. NH
3
, HCl B. CO
2
, SO
2
C. PCl
5
, SF
6
D. N
2
, CO
Cu 3: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s
2
, nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu
hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s
2
2p
3
. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht to bi X v Y c dng
A. X
2
Y
3
. B. X
3
Y
2
. C. X
5
Y
2
. D. X
2
Y
2
.
Cu 4: Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t ca nguyn t M, X ln lt l 58 v 52. Hp cht MX c tng s ht
proton trong mt phn t l 36. Lin kt trong phn t MX thuc loi lin kt:
A. Ion B. Cng ha tr khng phn cc
C. Cng ha tr phn cc D. Cho nhn
Cu 5: Dy cc cht no sau y l cc hp cht ion?
A. AlCl
3
, HCl, NaOH. B. HNO
3
, CaCl
2
, NH
4
Cl.
C. KNO
3
, NaF, H
2
O. D. NaCl, CaO, NH
4
Cl.
Cu 6: Dy cc cht no sau y ch c lin kt cng ha tr trong phn t?
A. H
2
SO
4
, NH
3
, H
2
B. NH
4
Cl, CO
2
, H
2
S C. CaCl
2
, Cl
2
O, N
2
D. K
2
O, SO
2
, H
2
S
Cu 7: Dy hp cht ch c lin kt cng ha tr l
A. H
2
SO
4
, PCl
3
, SO
2
Cl
2
, OF
2
, N
2
O
4
. B. K
3
PO
4
, NO
2
, SO
3
, NH
4
Cl, HNO
3
.
C. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, PCl
3
, SO
2
Cl
2
, NO
2
, SO
3
. D. SO
2
Cl
2
, OF
2
, N
2
O
4
, BaCl
2
, PCl
3
.
Cu 8: Cc cht sau: Na
2
O, H
2
O, NH
3
, MgCl
2
, CO
2
, KOH, HCl. S cht c lin kt cng ha tr l
A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 6
Cu 9: Cho m in ca cc nguyn t nh sau: O (3,44), Cl (3,16), Mg (1,31), C (2,55), H (2,2). Trong cc
phn t: MgO, CO
2
, CH
4
, Cl
2
O. S cht c kiu lin kt cng ha tr c cc l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.
Cu 10: Dy cc cht c xp theo chiu tng dn s phn cc ca lin kt?
A. NaCl; Cl
2
; HCl B. HCl; N
2
; NaCl C. Cl
2
; HCl; NaCl D. Cl
2
; NaCl; HCl
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Cu 11: Cho m in ca cc nguyn t: O (3,5), Na (0,9), Mg (1,2), Cl (3,0). Trong cc phn t sau phn t
no c phn cc ln nht?
A. NaCl B. MgO C. MgCl
2
D. Cl
2
O
Cu 12: Cho cc phn t sau: N
2
, HBr, NH
3
, NH
4
NO
2
, H
2
O
2
, H
2
SO
4
. Phn t c cha lin kt phi tr l
A. NH
4
NO
2
, H
2
SO
4
B. NH
4
NO
2
, H
2
O
2
, H
2
SO
4
C. HBr, H
2
SO
4
D. NH
3
, NH
4
NO
2

Cu 13: Dy no sau y gm cc cht u c lin kt cho nhn (theo quy tc bt t)?
A. NaNO
3
, K
2
CO
3
, HClO
3
, P
2
O
5
. B. NH
4
Cl, SO
2
, HNO
3
, CO.
C. KClO
4
, HClO, SO
3
, CO. D. NH
4
NO
3
, CO
2
, H
2
SO
4
, SO
3
.
Cu 14: Cho cc cht: O
2
, O
3
, CO, CO
2
, SO
2
, NH
3
, NH
4
Cl, HCOONH
3
CH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
. S cht c lin kt cho -
nhn trong cng thc cu to l
A. 5 B. 6 C. 4 D. 3
Cu 15: Cho cc cht: NH
4
Cl (1), Na
2
CO
3
(2), NaF (3), H
2
CO
3
(4), KNO
3
(5), HClO (6), KClO (7). Cc cht m
phn t va c lin kt ion va c lin kt cng ha tr l
A. (2), (5), (7). B. (1), (2), (6). C. (2),(3) (5), (7). D. (1), (2), (5), (7).
Cu 16: Dy no sau y gm tt c cc cht u c lin kt cng ha tr, lin kt ion v lin kt cho nhn (theo
quy tc bt t)?
A. FeCl
3
, HNO
3
, MgCl
2
. B. H
2
SO
4
, NH
4
Cl, KNO
2
.
C. KNO
3
, FeCl
3
, NaNO
3
. D. NH
4
NO
3
, K
2
SO
4
, NaClO
4
.
Cu 17: Cho cc nguyn t: Na, Ca, H, O, S c th to ra bao nhiu phn t hp cht c KLPT 82 m trong phn
t ch c lin kt cng ha tr?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
Cu 18: Trong cc phn t NCl
3
, H
2
S, PCl
5
, CaF
2
, Al
2
O
3
, HNO
3
, BaO, NaCl, KOH, KF. S phn t c lin kt ion
l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
Cu 19: Cho cc phn t sau: C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
, O
3
, N
2
, CO
2
, CH
4
, NH
3
. S loi phn t c lin kt i v lin kt ba ln
lt l
A. 2 v 2. B. 3 v 2. C. 3 v 1. D. 2 v 1.
Cu 20: Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l
A. NH
4
Cl. B. HCl. C. H
2
O. D. NH
3
.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2008)
Cu 21: Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l
A. O
2
, H
2
O, NH
3
. B. H
2
O, HF, H
2
S. C. HCl, O
3
, H
2
S. D. HF, Cl
2
, H
2
O.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2009)
Cu 22: Mc phn cc ca lin kt ho hc trong cc phn t c sp xp theo th t gim dn t tri sang
phi l
A. HBr, HI, HCl B. HI, HBr, HCl C. HCl , HBr, HI D. HI, HCl , HBr
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2011)
Cu 23: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
1
, nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu
hnh electron 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y thuc loi lin kt
A. kim loi. B. cng ho tr. C. ion. D. cho nhn.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2008)
Cu 24: Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l
A. HBr, CO
2
, CH
4
. B. Cl
2
, CO
2
, C
2
H
2
. C. NH
3
, Br
2
, C
2
H
4
. D. HCl, C
2
H
2
, Br
2
.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2010)
Cu 25: Trong cc phn t hp cht ion sau y: CaCl
2
, MgO, CaO, Ba(NO
3
)
2
, Na
2
O, KF, Na
2
S, MgCl
2
, K
2
S, KCl
c bao nhiu phn t c to thnh bi cc ion c chung cu hnh electron 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
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Cu 26: Cho cc nguyn t:
19
K,
11
Na,
20
Ca,
9
F,
8
O,
17
Cl. C bao nhiu phn t hp cht ion to thnh t 2 nguyn
t trong cc nguyn t trn c cu hnh electron ca cation khc cu hnh electron ca anion?
A. 4 B. 6 C. 3 D. 5
Cu 27: Cho H (Z=1), N (Z=7), O (Z=8). Trong phn t HNO
3
, tng s cp electron lp ngoi cng khng tham
gia lin kt ca 5 nguyn t l
A. 8. B. 9. C. 7. D. 6.
Cu 28: S cp electron gp chung v s cp electron cha lin kt ca nguyn t trung tm trong cc phn t:
CH
4
, CO
2
, NH
3
, P
2
H
4
, PCl
5
, H
2
S ln lt l
A. 4 v 0; 4 v 0; 3 v 1; 4 v 2; 5 v 0; 2 v 1.
B. 4 v 0; 4 v 0; 3 v 1; 5 v 2; 5 v 0; 2 v 2.
C. 4 v 1; 4 v 2; 3 v 1; 5 v 2; 5 v 0; 2 v 0.
D. 4 v 1; 4 v 2; 3 v 2; 5 v 2; 5 v 1; 2 v 2.
Cu 29: Cho cc cht sau: HBr, CO
2
, CH
4
, NH
3
, Br
2
, C
2
H
4,
Cl
2
, C
2
H
2
, HCl. S cht m phn t phn cc l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6
Cu 30: in ha tr ca cc nguyn t Cl, Br trong cc hp cht vi cc nguyn t nhm IA l
A. 2- B. 2+ C. 1- D. 1+.
Cu 31: Trong hp cht Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, in ha tr ca Al l
A. 3+ B. 2+ C. 1+ D. 3-.
Cu 32: Ha tr ca nguyn t N trong cc cht v ion: N
2
, NH
4
+
, HNO
3
ln lt l
A. 3, 3, 4. B. 3, 4, 4. C. 0, 3, 5. D. 0, -3, +5.
Cu 33: Ha tr ca nit trong cc cht: N
2
, NH
3
, N
2
H
4
, NH
4
Cl, NaNO
3
tng ng l
A. 0, -3, -2, -3, +5. B. 0, 3, 2, 3, 5. C. 2, 3, 0, 4, 5. D. 3, 3, 3, 4, 4.
Cu 34: Cng ha tr ca Cl trong hp cht no sau y ln nht?
A. HClO B. Cl
2
O
7
C. HClO
3
D. AlCl
3

Cu 35: Khng nh no sau y l sai?
A. 2 phn t NO
2
c th kt hp vi nhau thnh phn t N
2
O
4
v trong phn t NO
2
cn c 1
electron c thn c th to thnh lin kt.
B. Phn t CO
2
c cu trc thng hng.
C. Trn mi phn t Nit cn 1 cp electron cha lin kt.
D. NH
3
c kh nng nhn proton v trn nguyn t N ca NH
3
cn 1 cp electron c kh nng to
lin kt cho nhn vi ion H
+
.
Cu 36: Chn pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau
A. NH
3
c cu trc tam gic u (lai ho sp
2
).
B. CO
2
v SO
2
u c cu trc thng (lai ha sp).
C. CO
2
v BeCl
2
u c cu trc tam gic cn.
D. CH
4
v
4
NH
+
u c cu trc t din u.
Cu 37: Photpho c th to vi Clo 2 hp cht l PCl
3
v PCl
5
trong khi nit ch to vi Clo hp cht NCl
3
l
do
A. Nguyn t nit c bn knh nguyn t nh hn photpho.
B. Nguyn t nit c m in ln hn photpho.
C. Nguyn t nit khng c trng thi kch thch trong khi photpho th c.
D. Nguyn t nit c in tch ht nhn b hn photpho.
Cu 38: Cu no sau y ng
A. CH
4
c 4 lin kt B. C
3
H
8
c 8 lin kt
C. C
2
H
6
c 8 lin kt D. C
4
H
10
c 12 lin kt
Cu 39: Tng s lin kt (xch ma) trong mt phn t anken c cng thc chung C
n
H
2n
l
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A. 3n. B. 3n 1. C. 3n 2. D. 3n + 1.
Cu 40: S lin kt (xch ma) c trong mi phn t: etilen; axetilen; buta-1,3-ien ln lt l
A. 3; 5; 9 B. 5; 3; 9 C. 4; 2; 6 D. 4; 3; 6
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2010)
Cu 41: Hirocacbon X mch h c 7 lin kt v 3 lin kt trong phn t. S ng phn cu to tha mn tnh
cht ca X l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 42: Trong cc cht sau: amoniac, hiroflorua, metylamin, ancol etylic, axit axetic, axeton, axetanehit,
glixerol, etylclorua, tristearin. C bao nhiu cht trong cc cht trn m gia cc phn t ca n c th c lin kt
hiro?
A. 6. B. 5. C. 7. D. 8.
Cu 43: Anion
2
3
XY

c tng s ht mang in l 62. S ht mang in trong ht nhn ca Y nhiu hn s ht
mang in trong ht nhn ca X l 2. Nhn nh no sau y l sai?
A. Y l nguyn t thuc chu k 2.
B. X l nguyn t cacbon.
C. Trong phn t hp cht gia Na vi
2
3
XY

va c lin kt ion va c lin kt cng ha tr.
D. Nu Z l nguyn t cng phn nhm vi Y chu k k tip th phn t hp cht gia X v Z c
tng s ht mang in l 48.
Cu 44: Nhng cu sau y, cu no sai?
A. Cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau thnh phn t chuyn sang trng thi c nng lng thp
hn.
B. Phn t NH
4
NO
3
cha cc lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr.
C. Trong nhm A, cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu s hiu nguyn t tng dn.
D. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t cng chu k c s electron bng nhau.
Cu 45: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. 4 nguyn t cacbon trong phn t but-2-in cng nm trn ng thng.
B. Ankin c 5 nguyn t cacbon tr ln mi c mch phn nhnh.
C. Tt c cc nguyn t cacbon trong phn t isopentan u c lai ha sp
3
.
D. 3 nguyn t cacbon trong phn t propan cng nm trn ng thng.
Cu 46: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(1) Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
(2) Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn th m in tng dn.
(3) Lin kt ha hc gia mt kim loi nhm IA v mt phi kim nhm VIIA lun l lin kt ion.
(4) Nguyn t N trong NH
3
v trong
+
4
NH c cng cng ha tr l 3.
(5) S oxi ha ca Cr trong K
2
Cr
2
O
7
l +6.
S pht biu ng l
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Cu 47: C cc nhn nh sau y:
1) Trong phn t buta-1,3-ien, tt c cc nguyn t u nm trn mt mt phng.
2) Lin kt kim loi v lin kt ion u hnh thnh do lc ht tnh in gia cc phn t tch in
tri du.
3) Phn t AlCl
3
c lin kt thuc loi cng ho tr.
4) Phn t NH
4
NO
3
cha c lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr c cc v lin kt cho nhn.
5) linh ng ca hiro trong HCOOH>CH
2
=CH-COOH.
S nhn nh ng l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3.
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Cu 48: Cho R l nguyn t m nguyn t c phn lp electron ngoi cng l np
2n+1
(n l s th t ca lp e). Cho
cc nhn nh v R:
a, R l nguyn t phi kim
b, Tng s ht mang in ca nguyn t R l 18
c, Oxit cao nht to ra t R l R
2
O
7

d, Hp cht to bi natri v R tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO
3
sinh ra kt ta
e, n cht ca R ch c tnh oxi ha
f, Hp cht ca R vi hiro c lin kt hiro lin phn t
S nhn nh ng l
A. 2 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
Cu 49: Tinh th NaCl kt tinh theo kiu mng lp phng n gin. S ion clo tip gip vi mi ion natri l
A. 4. B. 12. C. 8. D. 6.
Cu 50: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng?
A. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th phn t B. Iot c cu trc tinh th phn t
C. Than ch c cu trc tinh th nguyn t D. th rn NH
4
Cl tn ti dng tinh th phn t
Cu 51: Cho tinh th cc cht sau: iot (1), kim cng (2), nc (3), mui n (4), silic (5). Tinh th nguyn t l
cc tinh th
A. (1), (2), (5). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (2), (5). D. (3), 4).
Cu 52: Dy no di dy cc cht c xc nh cu trc tinh th hon ton ng:
A. Natri, st, ng, nhm, vng v cacbon thuc tinh th kim loi.
B. Mui n, xt n da (NaOH), potat (KOH) v dim tiu (KNO
3
) thuc tinh th ion.
C. Kim cng, lu hunh, photpho v magie thuc tinh th nguyn t.
D. Nc , kh (CO
2
), iot v mui n thuc tinh th phn t
Cu 53: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t.
B. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t.
C. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009)
Cu 54: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
B. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
C. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
D. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ha tr.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2011)
Cu 55: Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm
3
. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th canxi cc nguyn t l
nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn t canxi tnh theo l thuyt
l
A. 0,155 nm. B. 0,196 nm. C. 0,185 nm. D. 0,168 nm.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2011)
Cu 56: 20
0
C khi lng ring ca Au l 19,32 gam/cm
3
, trong tinh th cc nguyn t Au l nhng hnh cu
chim 75% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng gia cc qu cu. Bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t Au (cho
Au = 196,97) l
A. 1,44.10
-8
cm. B. 1,595. 10
-8
cm. C. 1,345.10
-8
cm. D. 1,009.10
-8
cm.
Cu 57: Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t st l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l
cc khe rng gia cc qu cu. Cho khi lng nguyn t ca Fe l 55,85 20
0
C v khi lng ring ca Fe l 7,78
g/cm
3
. Bn knh nguyn t gn ngca Fe l
A. 1,44.10
-8
cm B. 1,29.10
-8
cm C. 1,97.10
-8
cm D. 1,56.10
-8
cm.