A STUDY OF COST COMPARISION

Low Cost Construction v/s Mainstream

Technologies.
Done by :

08628
08631
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PRESENTATION STRUCTURE

1. FOUNDATIONS

2. WALLS

3. ROOFS

4. OPENING SUPPORT

5. NON STUCTURAL ITEMS

Shall be discussed and the cost
of constructing the same with
low cost techniques.
5 parts of a building in order
of construction :
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1.1 ARCH FOUNDATION
In an arch foundation , the wall are supported on brick or
stone masonry arches springing from a series of square
cement concrete bases as in the sketch
Saves Material like coarse rubble stone, cement and sand etc.
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1.1 ARCH FOUNDATION
.
materials
labour
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Total cost = Rs. 341.73 / mt.
Materials
(53.6%)
Labour
(46.40%)
Rs. 183.18 / mt Rs. 158.55/ mt
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1.2 WALL FOUNDATION
In a wall foundation instead of creating a stepped footing
at least 380 mm of rubble stone masonry is used with
two layers of lean concrete at the base
Saves excavation, material and skilled labour cost, faster construction reduces man
days.
Cement 62.4 Kg.

Sand 0.26 Cu. mt
40 mm agg.

0.15 Cu. mt
CRS 0.43 Cu. mt
Shuttering 0.30 Cu. mt
MATERIAL
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1.2 WALL FOUNDATION
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Total cost = Rs. 424.18 / mt.
Materials
(71.61%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(28.39%)
Rs. 303.75 / mt.
Rs. 120.43 / mt.
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0
200
400
600
497.55
424.18
341.73
TOTAL COST
(Rs.)
Unit cost of various cost effective
foundations
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2.1 RAT TRAP BONDED BRICK MASONARY
Brick placed on edge in 1:6 cement
mortar as in the sketch is a rat-trap bond.
Saves 25% of brick units, requires lesser mortar to bind and needs
lesser courses due to brick on edge method .
Cement 36.0 Kg.

Sand 0.15 cu.m

Bricks 400 cu.m

Scaffolding 2.00 cu.m
MATERIAL per cu.m
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MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/sq.mt.= Rs. 214.13
Materials
(70.00%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(30.00%)
2.1 RAT TRAP BONDED BRICK MASONARY
Rs. 149.89 Rs. 64.23
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2.2 CEMENT STABILIZED MUD BLOCK
It is a block which is made by compacting a
mixture of soil and cement in a block making
machine and is usually hundred percent
manually operated.
Using locally available mud it cuts down material and transport costs.
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2.2 CEMENT STABILIZED MUD BLOCK
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/sq.mt.= Rs. 184.26
Materials
(80.25%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(19.75%)
Rs. 147.86
Rs. 36.39
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2.3 INTERLOCKING CEMENT STABILIZED MUD BLOCK
It is a cement stabilized mud block(10% cement). The
form is such that units interlock into each other providing
extra support and saving mortar
Can be made locally, saves fuel, material and mortar.
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2.3 INTERLOCKING CEMENT STABILIZED MUD BLOCK
Materials
(87.14%)
.
materials
labour
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/sq.mt.= Rs. 160.94
Labour
(12.86%)
COST
Rs. 140.24 Rs. 20.69
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2.4 STONE CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY
Stone concrete blocks are made up of a lean concrete mix.
May be used in areas where stone is abundantly availabe
Cuts down cost due to use of local material .
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2.4 STONE CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/sq.mt.= Rs. 184.47
Materials
(83.59%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(16.41%)
Rs. 154.19 Rs. 30.27
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SUMMARY OF WALLS
Unit cost of various cost effective walls
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
256.43
230.83
214.13
184.26
160.94
184.47
TOTAL COST
TOTAL COST
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3.1 PRECAST REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE LINTEL
A lintel is a beam used for spanning openings of doors , windows etc. cast
in situ reinforced cement concrete lintels are widely used in the
construction of buildings. Workmanship and strength of lintels may be
significantly improved by casting and curing them on a ground.
Reduces costs of shuttering and labor, may be cast at the site itself
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3.1 PRECAST REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE LINTEL
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 60.24
Materials
(85.98%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(14.02%)
Rs. 51.79 Rs. 8.44
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3.2 BRICK AND REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE LINTEL.

This type of lintel is basically a small reinforced
concrete beam with brick on edge as a
permanent shuttering material .
Saves material and shuttering costs
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3.2 BRICK AND REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE LINTEL.

MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 90.77
Materials
(60.02%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(39.98%)
Rs. 54.48 Rs 36.28
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3.3 BRICK ARCH

A brick arch is primarily a compressive structural system. The action of
compression develops due to the arrangement of the bricks.
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3.3 BRICK ARCH

MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 146.02
Materials
(24.3%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(75.7%)
Rs. 35.48 Rs. 110.53
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3.4 BRICK ARCH-CORBEL
A brick arch is a combination of corbel and segmental arch . A corbel
tends to fall down about its base, due to self load.
Cheaper due to elimination of cement and steel. Support can be reused.
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3.4 BRICK ARCH-CORBEL
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 78.26
Materials
(69.75%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(30.25%)
Rs. 54.58
Rs. 23.90
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0
50
100
150 130.36
60.24
90.77
146.02
78.26
TOTAL COST
(Rs.)
Unit cost of various cost effective
Opening supports
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4.1 PRECAST REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE CHANNELS

It is a trough section cast in R.C.C. and formed on a ground mould.
After a curing period, it is lifted and placed between the walls or
beams to make a roof or intermediate slab
Reduces shuttering costs, and saves material.
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MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 238.4
Materials
(91.77%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(8.23%)
4.1 PRECAST REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE CHANNELS

Rs. 218.77 Rs. 19.60
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4.2 PRECAST REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE PLANKS AND
JOISTS

Precast R.C.C. joists are the beams and planks are small reinforced
concrete slabs. The joists are placed across walls or beams, then
planks are placed between the joists and gaps are filled with concrete
to form roof
Eliminates shuttering costs, and saves material and time
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4.2 PRECAST REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE PLANKS
AND JOISTS

MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 234.83
Materials
(90.57%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(9.43%)
Rs. 212.68 Rs. 234.83
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4.3 PRECAST FERROCEMENT CHANNELS
Precast Ferro cement channel is a light weight roofing element, which
is made of 1:2 cement and sand mortar and mild steel
reinforcements. It is cast on ground then lifted and placed
Eliminates shuttering costs, and saves material and time
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4.3 PRECAST FERROCEMENT CHANNELS
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 273.96
Materials
(81.52%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(18.48%)
Rs. 223.33 Rs. 50.62
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4.4 FOLDER FILLER SLAB WITH 1:2:4 REINFORCEED
CEMENT CONCRETE AND MANGLORE TILES

R.C.C. slab is filled with double Mangalore tiles between
reinforcements before pouring of concrete
Saves Cementing cost
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4.4 FOLDER FILLER SLAB WITH 1:2:4 REINFORCEED CEMENT
CONCRETE AND MANGLORE TILES

MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 294.08
Materials
(87.61%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(12.39%)
Rs. 257.64 Rs. 36.43
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4.5 JACK ARCH WITH BRICK AND PRECAST REINFORCED
CEMENT CONCRETE JOISTS
It is a continous brick arch barrel vault constructed on two precast
R.C.C. joists which are supported on walls or beams, repeated
sidewise
Reduces use of cement and steel, mold is reusable.
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4.5 JACK ARCH WITH BRICK AND PRECAST REINFORCED
CEMENT CONCRETE JOISTS
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 253.83
Materials
(80.78%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(19.22%)
Rs. 205.04 Rs. 48.78
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4.6 STONE ROOFING ON PRECAST REINFORCED CEMENT
CONCRETE JOISTS AND SAND STONE
It is made of sand stone panels placed on precast R.C.C. joists which
are supported on walls or beams
Eliminates shuttering costs, and saves material and time
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4.6 STONE ROOFING ON PRECAST REINFORCED CEMENT
CONCRETE JOISTS AND SAND STONE
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 223.64
Materials
(79.49%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(20.51%)
Rs. 177.77 Rs. 45.86
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4.7 MICRO CONCRETE TILES ON STEEL / WOOD UNDER
STRUCTURE
Micro concrete tiles are made of P.C.C. using small stone chips not
more than 5mm
Eliminates shuttering costs, and saves material and time
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4.7 MICRO CONCRETE TILES ON STEEL UNDER STRUCTURE
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 288.92
Materials
(88.21)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(11.79%)
Rs. 254.85 Rs. 34.06
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4.8 REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE RIBBED BRICK SLAB
This type of roof is a combination of R.C.C. ribs and brick panels. Brick
being strong in compression provide structural support
Reduces cement and steel use.
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4.8 REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE RIBBED BRICK SLAB
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 237.67
Materials
(86.25%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(13.75%)
Rs. 204.99 Rs. 32.67
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4.9 CORBELLED BRICK PYRAMID WITH WIRECUT BRICKS
AND 1:6 CEMENT MORTAR
Corbel means a projection. When a brick projects out on top of other
so as to create a pyramid, a corbelled brick pyramid is formed
Uses cheaper material w.r.t. R.C.C.
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4.9 CORBELLED BRICK PYRAMID WITH WIRECUT BRICKS
AND 1:6 CEMENT MORTAR
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 247.27
Materials
(68.18%)
Labour
(31.82%)
.
materials
labour
Rs. 168.58
Rs. 78.68
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4.10 CORBELLED BRICK-ARCHED ROOF
Here corbel technique is used to construct a series of arches. Hence a
vault like shape maybe attained
Uses cheaper material w.r.t. R.C.C.
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4.10 CORBELLED BRICK-ARCHED ROOF
MATERIAL AND LABOUR COSTS
Cost/cu.mt. = Rs. 290.06
Materials
(46.66%)
.
materials
labour
Labour
(53.34%)
Rs. 135.34 Rs. 154.71
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0
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1
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Cost (in INR)
Cost (in INR)
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ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL THEORY
STEEL
R.C.C.
BRICK
MUD
BAMBOO, HAY ETC.
CONCRETE
D
U
R
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y

S
T
R
E
N
G
T
H

&

C
O
S
T

Stronger materials
are obviously costlier
than weaker ones.

Load transfer occurs
through structural
members only.

Hence for all other
filler solids cheaper
materials can be
used according to
required strength
and durability.


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COMPOSITE MATERIAL THEORY
Volume(V) x Cost (Rs. A) Volume(V-v) x Cost (Rs. A)
+
Volume (v) x Cost (Rs. B)
Specially engineered
materials generally
have strength much
greater than required
for a specific purpose.

Hence a possibility to
fill / mix a cheaper and
lower grade material to
gain exact required
strength.

This may appear to be
a minor change but in
macro scale slashes
down considerable
amount of money put
in materials.
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VOID THEORY

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V
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|_____ b _____|
|
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_

a

_
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|

|________ B ________|
|
_
_
_
_
_
_

A

_
_
_
_
_
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|

Some standard
thickness are more
accepted visually giving
mental security

Newer engineered
materials are stronger
hence thinner sections
may be used

The new sections thus
can be filled with voids
thus saving material
volume

For eg. In Wainwright
building, USA steel
sections had to be
boxed in gypsum.
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THANK YOU
50/50