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GIO TRNH V K THUT

BI 1:
VT LIU V, VT LIU V, KH GIY, T L,
KHUNG V V KHUNG TN
1. VT LIU V
1.1 - Giy v: C nhiu loi giy v, giy v cng mt nhn v mt nhm, giy v phc l
loi giy thng, k vung.
1.2 - Bt ch: Trn bn v ch dng loi ch en. Loi ch cng k hiu l H (v d: 2H,
3H6H). V ch mm k hiu l B (v d: 2B, 3B6B). Trong v k thut thng dng
ch HB v m, v ch 2B t m bn v. Phi vt nhn nh (hnh 1-1).
1.3 - Ty: Ch nn dng loi ty mm, mun ty nhng nt v bng mc c th dng dao
co hoc dng bt ty mc trng.


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2. DNG C V
2.1 - Vn v: C th ri hoc ng thnh mt bn, cc cnh phi vung gc thng.
2.2 - Thc t: Dng v nhng ng thng song song (hnh 1-4)
2.3 - ke: Mt b gm 2 ci, 1 ci c gc nhn bng 45
o
, mt ci c gc nhn bng 60
o
.
Phi hp hai ke c th to nhng ng song song (hnh 1-3), (h 1-5), (h 1-6) v (h 1-
7).


3. KH GIY
Kh giy l kch thc o theo mp ngoi ca bn v.
Cc quy nh v kh giy c bn nh sau:
K hiu A
0

A
1
A
2
A
3
A
4
Kch thc 1189 x 841 841 x 594 594 x 420 420 x 297 297 x 210

Ch : Cc kh A
1
, A
2
, A
3
, A
4
c chia ra t kh A
0
. S phn chia trn y thc hin
theo mt nguyn tc chia i cnh di ca kh trc c cnh ngn ca kh tip
sau, cn mt cnh gi nguyn.


4. KHUNG V V KHUNG TN (Kh giy A
3
)
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4.1 - Khung v: c v bng nt lin m cch mp kh giy 10mm. Nu c nhiu bn
v d nh s ng thnh tp th k khung cch mp tri kh giy 15mm.
4.2 - Khung tn dng: ghi cc thng s bn v, v bng nt lin m, t mp bn
phi, pha di c 2 cnh trng vi 2 cnh ca khung bn v. Ch vit trong khung tn
phi ng vi tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN).
Kch thc khung bn v v khung tn nh sau:

1 : H tn
2 : H tn ngi v
3 : GVHD
4 : H tn GVHD
5 : Bi tp
6 : Tn bi tp
7 : STT
8 : STT bi tp
5. T L
T l bn v l t s gia kch thc o c trn bn v v kch thc tht ca vt th
T l c k hiu 2 ch TL v cc ch s biu din
TCVN quy nh:
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TL phng to : 200:1; 100:1; 50:1; 25:1
TL thu nh : 1:200; 1:100; 1:50; 1:25
BI 2:
CC NT V, NT CH, GHI KCH THC
1. CC NT V
Nt lin m, dy 0.5
Nt lin mnh, dy 0.3
Nt t
Nt chm gch, dy 0.2
Nt lin m: v cc ng bao thy, ng bao mt ct ri, khung bn v v
khung tn. Nt lin m phi v u nh nhau trn c bn v.
Nt lin mnh: v cc ng dng v cc ng kch thc.
Nt t: v cc cnh khut, ng bao khut
Nt chm gch: v trc i xng, ng tm ca vng trn
2. CH VIT
Tiu chun TCVN 6-85 quy nh kiu ch k thut (hnh 2-5) v (hnh 2-6).
Kh ch v ch s c gi theo theo chiu cao (h) ca ch hoa.
Chiu cao ca ch thng ni chung bng 7/10h
Chiu rng ca ch thng ni chung bng 5/10h






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4. GHI KCH THC
Trn bn v cc kch thc th hin ln ca vt th c biu din. Vic ghi kch
thc phi tun theo cc quy nh nn trong TCVN 5705- 1993 gip cho vic c bn
v c d dng, trnh mi nhm ln.
4.1 - Nhng quy nh chung
Khi ghi kch thc trn bn v, ni chung phi tin hnh nh sau:
- V ng dng kch thc
- V ng kch thc
- Ghi con s kch thc
- Cc kch thc nn ghi ngoi hnh biu din.
- Trn bn v dng n v di l mm, v khng ghi n v sau con s kch thc.
4.2 - ng dng v ng kch thc
ng dng: Dng gii hn phn t c ghi kch thc.
ng kch thc: Dng biu th on hoc gc cn ghi kch thc. ng kch
thc c v bng nt lin mnh, hai u c mi tn chm st vo cc ng dng.
ng kch thc ca gc l cung trn c tm nh gc.






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Cch ghi kch thc Cch ghi kch thc ng cong


5. K HIU VT LIU

Ghi ch:
- Trn mt ct nu khng ch r loi vt liu
th dng k hiu nh trn th hin.
- Cc ng gch ca cc k hiu vt liu c
v bng nt mnh, lin tc hoc ngt qung
v nghing mt gc thch hp, tt nht l 45
o

vi ng bao quanh chnh hoc trc
i xng ca mt ct.
- Cho php ch v k hiu vng bin ca
mt ct nu min cn v k hiu qu rng.
(hnh 2-9)
- Cho php t en cc mt ct hp c b rng
nh hn 2mm. Nu c cc mt ct hp k nhau
th phi mt khe h khng nh hn 0,7mm gia cc mt ct .
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6. K HIU VT DNG
Trn mt bng c v k hiu quy c cc c v thit b













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BI 3:
CC HNH CHIU CA VT TH
Hnh chiu bng c hng chiu t trn xung di
Hnh chiu ng c hng chiu t trc ti
Hnh chiu cnh c hng chiu t tri sang










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Hnh chiu trc o













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BI 4:
CC HNH BIU DIN CA MT NGI NH
1. MT BNG
Mt bng ngi nh l hnh ct bng ca ngi nh, trn th hin v tr, kch thc
cc tng, vch, ca v cc thit b c.
Thng thng mt phng ct ly cch mt sn nh 1m 1.5m.
Mi tng nh c v vi mt mt bng ring. Nu 2 tng c trc i xng, cho
php v mt na mt bng tng ny kt hp vi mt na mt bng tng kia. Nu
cc tng c kt cu ging nhau th v tng in hnh.
T l: 1:50, 1:100, 1:200.
ng nt: nt lin m thng dng 0.6 0.8 mm v cc ng bao ca ct,
tng v vch ngn b mt phng ct qua. Dng nt lin mnh v cc ng bao
ca cc b phn nm sau mt phng ct v v cc thit b vt dng trong nh. Mt
bng cn v nt ct biu th vt ca mt phng ct.
Kch thc: bao gm
Dy kch thc st ng bao mt bng ghi kch thc cc mng tng v
cc l ca s, ca i
Dy kch thc th 2 ghi khong cch cc trc tng, trc ct.
Dy ngoi cng ghi kch thc gia cc trc tng bin theo chiu dc hay
chiu ngang ngi nh.
Cc trc tng v trc ct c ko di ra ngoi v tn cng bng cc vng trn
ng knh khong t 8 10mm, trong ghi cc s th t 1, 2, 3 cho cc trc
ngang, tnh t tri qua phi, v ghi cc ch A, B, C theo chiu rng ngi nh, t
di ln trn.
Bn trong mt bng c ghi kch thc chiu di v chiu rng mi phng, b dy
cc vch tng v din tch tng phng.
Cao mt sn c k hiu v c t ngay ti v tr c cao y.
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c bit trong thit k thi cng cn ghi y kch thc cn thit cho vic thi
cng v lp t thit b.
Ngoi ra, trong nhng cng trnh c yu cu cao, c th v thm mt bng lt nn,
mt bng trn, mt bng nh v ct v mng
Trong cc b phn ca ngi nh th cu thang l b phn quan trng nht.
Phng php chia bc thang
S bc theo chiu cao
Theo yu cu s dng
Cc kch thc c bn
B rng bc
Chiu cao bc
Kch thc tay vn
Cng thc chia bc
600 2 + 650
:
:
: 150 185
: 250 300
S lng bc
4 + 1 4 + 2
:
V d: = 4 (4 4) + 1 = 17





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2. MT NG
Mt ng ca ngi nh l hnh chiu th hin hnh dng bn ngoi ca ngi nh.
Nt v: v bng nt lin mnh.
Khi mt ng c v chung v t ng v tr chiu lin h vi mt bng th
khng cn ghi k hiu trc v kch thc. Khi n c v ring ra so vi mt bng
hoc v bn v khc th cn ghi thm tn cc trc tng ng trn mt bng nhm
cho ta bit hng nhn vo mt ng cn v.
Trong giai on thit k s b, mt ng th hin nh trn.
Trong giai on thit k thi cng, ngoi vic th hin mt ng nh trn, ta cn
phi th hin thm cc bn v mt ng vi t l ln hn (thng l mt ng trch
on), trong th hin v ghi ch r cc kch thc chi tit, cc ghi ch v mu
sc cng cht liu cu to mt ngoi ca nh.
3. MT CT
Mt ct ngi nh l mt ct ng thu c khi dng mt hay nhiu mt phng thng ng
song song vi cc mt phng hnh chiu c bn ct qua, thng thng c gi l mt ct.
Theo hnh thc th hin, mt ct bao gm 2 dng: mt ct ngang v mt ct dc,
c gi tng ng vi cc trc ngang v trc dc ca ngi nh. Mt ct th hin
khng gian bn trong ngi nh. Trn mt ct th hin chiu cao cc tng, cc ca
s, ca i, cu thang, cc v tr cu to ca tng, vch kn, cc chi tit v ko, sn,
mi cho n mng, hnh dng bn trong cc phng cng chi tit trang tr.
Theo quy c, mt ct phi ct qua cc v tr c cu to phc tp cn th hin r,
khng c ct dc qua tng, trc ct hoc khong gia hai cnh thang.
T l: ty theo mc phc tp ngi nh m hnh ct c th th hin t l theo mt
bng hoc ln hn.
ng nt trn bn v: quy nh ging nh trn mt bng.
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Cao (cote): nn nh tng 1 thng c ly l 0.000, cao di mc
chun ny mang du m (-), cao trn mang du dng (+). n v ghi cao l
met (m), v c ghi trn gi nm ngang.
Trong giai on thit k th mt ct chia ra lm 2 dng v c cch th hin khc
nhau: giai on thit k s b th v hnh ct trn th hin khng gian bn trong,
c ch n cc chi tit trang tr bn trong ngi nh, cn cc b phn kt cu nh
ko, mng, cu to mi, sn, th ch v n gin. Trong giai on thit k thi
cng th v hnh ct cu to cn th hin r cc cu to trn, cc lp cu to ca n
v c ghi kch thc y .
4. PHNG PHP V
1. V li trc: dng nh v li ct, nt , dy 0.2
nh v tn trc
2. V li ct
3. V tng bao, tng phn chia, nt ct , dy 0.5
4. V cc nt thy hoch nh phn chia, cu thang
5. V thit b i km cng trnh
6. V vt dng
7. Ghi tn khng gian, cote ( cao thp so vi mt bng chun)
8. Ghi kch thc c s
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