Doko - VN 172377 Thiet Ke Neo de Chan Giu Tuong Trong Dat

Trng i hc kin trc h ni Trng i hc kin trc h ni Trng i hc kin trc h ni Trng i hc kin trc h ni
Khoa xy dng Khoa xy dng Khoa xy dng Khoa xy dng n tt nghip k s xy dng n tt nghip k s xy dng n tt nghip k s xy dng n tt nghip k s xy dng kho 2003 kho 2003 kho 2003 kho 2003 - -- - 2008 2008 2008 2008
Sinh Sinh Sinh Sinh vin thc hin: nguyn duy qunh Lp 2003x7 vin thc hin: nguyn duy qunh Lp 2003x7 vin thc hin: nguyn duy qunh Lp 2003x7 vin thc hin: nguyn duy qunh Lp 2003x7
ti: ti: ti: ti: chung c cao tng trung yn II chung c cao tng trung yn II chung c cao tng trung yn II chung c cao tng trung yn II - -- - 271 271 271 271 - -- -

c. Thi cng theo phng n 2 (thi cng O H S DNG NEO
TRONG T)
I. yu cu ca phng php thi cng O H
1.1. Thit b phc v thi cng:
- Phc v cng tc o t phn ngm gm:
+ My o t loi nh (my con cua) - thng s k thut xem trong phng n
1.

nh minh ha: My o con cua EX -8
+ My o gu nghch Komats PC300
+ My san t loi nh, my lu nn loi nh, cc cng c o t th cng, my
khoan
- Phc v cng tc vn chuyn: t ch t t , 3 cn trc thp POTAIN c
thng s k thut c trnh by trong phng n 1(Xem phng n 1)
- Phc v thi cng neo.
+ My khoan: s dng 2 my khoan CASAGRANDE c cc thng s k thut
nh sau:


Thng s k thut ca my khoan CASAGRANDE
c im k thut
ng chy ca xch
B rng ca bnh 400mm
p lc ln mt t
6N/cmsp
Tc ln 0 + 1.5Km/Hr
dc ln nht 55%
ng c
Kiu Deutz F6L 912
Cng sut (ISO-IFN) 66Kw (90 HP) @ 2000rpm
Dung tch thng cha nhin liu 150L
Tiu th nhin liu 215 gr/kWh
Dung tch thng d tr nhin liu 650L
Cn khoan
Chiu di cn 6000mm
Phn u xoay 4000mm
Lc rt 63.5 kN
Lc y 35kN
Tc rt 0 + 27m/min
Tc y vo 0 + 48m/min
Tc quay ca u khoan T1000 6V
Mmen xon c i 13.5kN/m
Tc quay cc i 530rpm
Ti A2
Lc ko cc i 20kN
Tc cc i 54 m/min
ng knh dy ti 10mm
Chiu di dy (m) 73m
Trng lng thit b 11700kg


Hnh: My khoan Casagrand
+ My bm va p lc cao: 2my

My bm va

+ My kch: D ng lc cho neo

Hnh: My kch ENERPAC d ng lc cho neo

Hnh: My bm tiu nc phc v cho thi cng neo


- Phc v cng tc khc:
+ Do phng n o h to h o su cng vi kh hu Vit Nam c ma ln
v ma H( Min Bc) v ma ma (Min Nam) do vic thot nc cho h o
l ht sc quan trng. tiu nc cho h o ta s dng 4 my bm c cng sut
ln b tr cc gc ca cng trnh. Ngoi ra vic chn thi im thi cng v t
chc thi cng mt cch hp l ng vai tr cng rt quan trng.
+ Cu thang thp ln xung c b tr nhng v tr khng nh hng n vic
thi cng v an ton cho ngi.
+ H thng n chiu sng, in chiu sng, khoan, my hn...
- Phc v cng tc thi cng b tng: trm bm b tng, xe ch b tng thng
phm, cc thit b phc v cng tc thi cng b tng khc.
- Ngoi ra tu thc t thi cng cn c cc cng c chuyn dng khc.
1.2. Vt liu.
1.2.1. Xi mng:
Ximng s dng cho thi cng neo s dng xi mng mc cao c s dng ph
bin trn th trng Vit Nam. Ximng thng dng lximng POOCLNG
PCB40. Xi mng c nhp tch tr ti kho phc v lin tc cho vic thi cng neo.
1.2.2. Cp neo .
- V cng trnh ch dng neo phc v cho thi cng o dt v thi cng phn tng
hm, sau khi thi cng xong tng hm neo s c tho ra do s dng loi neo
tm thi SW-RCD do cng ty SAMWOO ca Hn Quc cung cp. Loi neo ny c
u im:
+ Khng li cp neo trong t nn khng gy ra cn tr cho vic thi cng
phn ngm cho cc cng trnh bn cnh sau ny nh cc loi neo vnh cu.
+ Do cu to ca c bit ca cp neo do c th dng sc ngi tho neo
mt cch d dng ( Xem chi tit trong phn bin php k thut)

Hnh nh Cp neo SW-RCD ( SAMWOO)

Hnh nh: Cu to cp neo(Samwoo cung cp)
Cc thng s ca cp neo nh sau:

- Trong phn tnh ton v thit k s b chn b cp loi SW-RCD-80 gm 6
tao cp.
1.2.3. u neo:
- L thit b lin kt neo vi tng BTCT tng hm. Gi neo s dng thp cng
cao vi kch thc Mt bch l 300x300x20mm. Thp ng hnh tr c ct vt
mt gc bng gc ca neo ( sao cho mt ct vung gc vi cp neo).

Hnh nh: u neo

1.2.4. ng vch:
- ng vch c ng knh 150mm, chiu di mi on ng l 1,5m v c ni
vi nhau bng lin kt ren.

Hnh nh: ng vch.
1.2.2. Vt liu khc:
- Khi thi cng phn ngm c th gp cc mch nc ngm c p nn ngoi vic
b tr cc trm bm thot nc cn chun b cc phng n vt liu cn thit kp
thi dp tt mch nc ngm.
- Cc cht chng thm nh va Sika hoc nh tng Laticote hoc sn Insultec.


ii. Thit k neo.
Phn tnh ton v thit k neo c trnh by trong phn tnh ton tng Bart.
Neo c tnh ton v kim tra trn m hnh phn mm PLAXIS V8.02.

Hnh: M hnh tnh ton neo bng phn mm PLAXIS V8.02

Hnh: M hnh phn tch h o trong giai on thi cng


iii. Quy trnh cng ngh thi cng bng phng php o h.
Quy trnh thi cng bng phng php o h c chia thnh 4 giai on
chnh:
Giai on1: Thi cng cc v tng trong t.
Giai on2: o t v thi cng neo.
Giai on 3: Thi cng phn kt cu tng hm
Giai on 4: Tho d neo.
3.1. Giai on 1: Thi cng cc khoan nhi, cc Bart v tng trong t
- Tng t nh phng n 1 cc khoan nhi, cc Bart v tng trong t c
tin hnh thi cng trc khi tin hnh o t v thi cng neo. Ch khc l trong
phng n ny ta khng cn thi cng ct chng tm, m trong qu trnh thi cng
tng trong t cn tnh ton v b tr trc cc l ch cho cc l khoan ca neo
mi hng neo trnh phi khoan qua btng trong qu trnh khoan to l neo sau
ny. Cc l ch c t cc ng thp c ng knh ln hn ng knh ca l
khoan khong 3-5cm v nghing mt gc bng gc nghing ca neo(35
0
).
3.2. Giai on 2: o t v thi cng neo.
Giai on ny c chia thnh cc giai on nh nh sau:
3.2.1. Giai on 1: o t n ct -2,64m (-2,00m so vi ct thin nhin) v
thi cng hng neo u tin ct -2,14m.
- o t n ct -2,64m so vi ct (0.00) tc l bc lp t dy 2m.
- San t to ng dc cho phng tin vn chuyn t
- D b tng dn
- o t n u tin hnh bm nc v khoan, lp dng neo, bm va n .
3.2.2. Giai on 2: o t n ct -4,64m v thi cng hng neo th 2 ct -
4,14m.
- o t n ct -4,64m so vi ct (0.00) tc l bc lp t dy 2m.
- Bm nc v khoan, lp dng neo, bm va cho hng neo 2 ct -4,14m.
6,64m.
- o t n ct -7,14m so vi ct (0.00) tc l bc lp t dy 2,5m.

9,14m.
- San t to ng dc cho phng tin vn chuyn t.
11,64m.
- San t to ng dc cho phng tin vn chuyn t.
14,34m.
16,14m.
3.2.8. Giai on 8: o t n ct -18,74m
- San phng nn t v chun b cho cng tc thi cng i mng
3.3. Giai on 3: Thi cng phn kt cu tng hm
Bao gm cc cng on:
- Thi cng i mng v ging mng.
- Thi cng kt cu tng hm t di ln.
3.4. Giai on 4: Tho d neo tm.
Giai on tho d neo ph thuc vo vic thi cng kt cu cc tng hm, neo
c tho theo nguyn tc qun chiu tc l thi cng xong tng hm no th tho
neo cho tng . i vi cng trnh ny hng th 7 khng tho d khi thi cng
xong tng hm B5 m bt u c tho d khi thi cng xong tng hm B4.
Qu trnh tho neo gm cc cng on:
- Ct cp gii phng ng lc cho neo

- Rt cp ra khi bu neo
- Thu dn cp v ti s dng cho cc cng trnh khc.

Hnh: Quy trnh thi cng h o theo phng php o h( SAM WOO)

iV. Bin php k thut thi cng neo.
4.1. Quy trnh thi cng neo.
- Neo tm thi cho h o c thi cng theo quy trnh nh sau:

Hnh:Trnh t thi cng neo
4.2. Cng tc chun b:
cng tc thi cng neo c kt qu tt cn thc hin nhng khu chun b sau:
- Nghin cu bn v thit k neo, ti liu a cht thu vn ca cng trnh, cc
yu cu k thut ca Neo
- Lp phng n k thut thi cng neo

- Lp phng n t chc thi cng.
- Nghin cu v d bo kh nng nh hng n cc cng trnh ln cn
- Dn dp mt bng, kim tra mng li quy hoch cc h thng ngm nh
ng in nc, ng cp quang, cc h thng thng tin lin lc ca Thnh Ph
trong khu vc thi cng c bin php di di v x l.
- Chun b ngun nc phc v cho qu trnh khoan v trn va
- Chun b vt liu:
+ Ximng s dng cho thi cng neo c tp kt trong kho vi khi lng tnh
ton phc v cho qu trnh trn v cung cp va. Ximng s dng loi ximng
Pooclng PCB40.
+ Tp kt v gia cng cp neo: Cp neo v ng PE bao cp c nhp v thnh
tng cun ln.
u tin cp v ng PE c dui thng ng thi bng my dui sau cp
c bi m v c a vo trong ng PE. Dy truyn gia cng cp c t
bi gia cng c chiu di ln.

Hnh: Cun cp v cun ng PE.

Hnh: Dy truyn dui cp.

Hnh: Bi gia cng cp.


4.3.Khoan to l:
- Trc khi khoan to l tin hnh o t n ct thp hn ct ca neo mt
khong h=50cm, v tm nhng v tr c t sn l ch trong tng chn.
ng rnh thot nc c o cnh tng chn su 50-60cm rng 70cm
- nh v: My khoan c t cch tng chn mt khong L=70-100cm, cn
khoan nghing so vi phng ngang mt gc bng gc nghing ca neo (35
0
). Khi
nh v v c nh xong my ta bt u tin hnh khoan. Tu theo iu kin a
cht c th ca cng trnh m c th s dng phng php khoan trong ng vch
hay khoan trong dung dch betonite. Trong phm vi n, cng trnh ny s dng
phng php khoan trong ng vch.
- Khoan mi: u tin s dng cn khoan khoan mi to l, on cn khoan
c chiu di L=4,5m u cn khoan c gn mi khoan. Khi khoan mi n su
khong 2/3 cn khoan th dng li v tin hnh lp ni ng vch.
- Lp ng vch: ng vch u tin c ni vi cn khoan v c nhim v lm
cn khoan trong qu trnh khoan. Mt u ng c gn vi ng c, u kia gn
vo cn khoan, ng vch c ni vi cn khoan v ng c bng ren ni, lin kt
ren ny rt cng, cht do ng c lm bng thp hp kim cng cao trnh
hin tng tho ren trong qu trnh khoan. Mi mt ln lp 2 ng vch. Khi khoan
ngp khong 3/4 ng vch th 2 th tin hnh ni tip ng vch th 3 v 4. lp 2
ng vch tip theo dng ng c xoay ngc li tho lin kt gia ng c v ng
vch th 2 a ng vch th 3 v 4 vo v tip tc khoan, qu trnh lp cc on
ng vch tip theo c lm tng t cho n khi kt thc khoan. Thng thng
mi mt on ng vch c chiu di L=1,5m. Qu trnh khoan kt thc khi t n
su thit k.
- Khi khoan phi ch lun gi cho cn khoan thng cho tim h khoan
khng b lch trong qu trnh khoan v bu neo sau nay khng b cong vo.
- Trong qu trnh khoan khng s dng dung dch Bentonite y mn khoan
ra ngoi m bm nc vi p lc cao bng my bm nc p lc c gn trc tip
ln ng c, nc phun vo h khoan thng qua ng ng vch, mn khoan s
c p lc nc y ngc ra.
- Sau khi khoan xong ng vch c gi li trong h khoan. Thi gian khoan 1
l khoan tu theo chiu di ca neo(Chiu su h khoan) thng i vi l khoan
su khong 30-40m khoan trong 1h, i vi l khoan su 40-50m khoan trong
1,5h.


Khoan to l

Qu trnh lp ng vch

Lp ng vch u tin

Lp ng vch th 2


4.4. Lun cp:
- Ngay sau khi khoan xong cp c lun vo trong ng vch, cp c y sao
cho cht di ca cp st n y h khoan.
- Cp neo c t hp t b cp gm c 6 tao cp v 3 cht neo, chiu di cp
khi a vo bng tng chiu di cp nm trong bu neo, chiu di on t do v
chiu di phn cp tha(khong 1m). i vi loi neo tm thi cp neo c
bc bi lp PE sau ny d dng cho vic tho d v rt cp.

B cp gm 6 tao cp

Hnh: Thi cng lun cp (Samwoo)


4.5. Bm va xi mng to bu neo.
Sau khi lun cp xong tin hnh bm va to bu neo, va c bm vo thnh
3 t. Va ximng c trn theo t l XM/N=2,22,4 theo trng lng v bm
vo ng neo:
a. Bm va ln 1
- Sau khi va c trn xong tin hnh bm va ximng long vo t y h
khoan bng ng Polime, ng ny c a vo trong h khoan cng vi cp(buc
cng b cp). t bm va u tin nhm y nc ra ngoi. Nc ximng c tc
dng bao bc xung quanh ng tp neo.

Hnh: Trn va ximng
b. Bm va ln 2 , ln 3.
- Bm va : Sau khi bm va ln 1 xong tin hnh rt ng vch. ng vch c
rt ra ton b. Sau khi rt xong ng vch tin hnh bm ln 2, va c bm vo
bng mt ng bm va th hai(c a vo cng vi b cp) va c bm vo
ln 2 p lc bm cha ln. Sau kt thc ln bm va th 2 tin hnh lun ln bm
va th 3 khi ny va c bm vi p lc cao(7kg/cm
2
). Va phi c bm lin
tc khng b tc ng. Sau khi bm va xong ng va c gp li va khng
b phun ngc tr li.


Hnh minh ho qu trnh bm va

Hnh nh sau khi bm va xong
ng bm va
Cp neo

4.6. Ko to ng sut(D ng lc)
- Mt tun sau khi bm va, thc hin d ng lc cho neo theo tnh ton. Thit
b d ng lc cho neo l my kch thu lc c gii thiu trong phn chun b
thit b. Cp thp c c nh nh cc tht hm v con i hnh cn.

Hnh: D ng lc cho neo v kim tra
4.7. Gii phng d ng lc ( Ct u cp)
- Khi btng tng hm t cng thit k, bn thn cc tm sn kh nng
chu p lc ngang truyn vo thng qua tng chn, tin hnh ct u cp gii
phng ng lc cho neo.

Hnh: Ct u cp
4.8. Rt cp.
- Sau khi gii phng ng lc cho cp, cp c rt ra. Do cu to c bit ca
loi cp neo SW-RCD cp c rt ra mt cch n gin bng sc ngi. Qu
trnh rt cp lm theo cc bc nh sau:
Khi lp neo SW-RCD, khp ren(1) t rnh pha trn nm, cp hon ton c
th di chuyn v tr ny. Sau khi hon tt vic xy dng kt cu, khi tho cp lc

kch ko b mt i bng cch ct phn u neo Cp (2), nm (3) v khp ren (1)
gn nh khng chu lc.
Khi quay cp (2), khp ren di chuyn vo u m (4) khi nm (3) cng di
chuyn. Khi nm (3) c ni lng th cp (2) cng c ni lng khi vic rt
cp s d dng Cp c tho.

Hnh: Th t tho cp(SAMWOO)
1
2
3
4

Hnh: Dng sc ngi rt cp
4.9. Kim tra v th nghim neo
- Neo th nghim ti hin trng kim tra s hp l ca cng ngh thi cng
neo c p dng v xc nh kh nng lm vic thc t ca neo ti iu kin t
nn c th trc khi thi cng i tr.
- Theo kinh nghim ca mt s nc, s lng neo th nghim ly theo bng
di:
S lng neo th nghim
Tng s lng s dng S lng neo th nghim
200 2
201500 3
5011000 4
10012000 5
20014000 6


Hnh: Th nghim neo ti hin trng
Mt s dng v phng php kim tra neo
- Kim tra tnh nng:
+ Kim tra rt ng: Kim tra rt ng thc hin kim tra v chng minh iu
kin t cn c quan tm trong khi thit k, s dng vt liu v cht lng ca
neo ph thuc vo mc an ton, v chnh xc ca thit k trc khi lp dng
neo kt cu neo thc s.
+ Kim tra vic neo: vic neo a ra cch lp neo trong cc iu kin lm
vic tng t nh neo lm vic thc t, v c neo to ra cp ti trng thc. Kim
tra ny c thc hin cho n khi n nh trong gii hn cho php, k n vic
neo v ph hoi do t bin.


- Kim tra chng thm:
Kim tra chng thm c thc hin chng minh v nh gi tnh nng ca
ton b neo thch hp vi iu kin cng trng.

- Kim tra t bin:
Kim tra t bin c thc hin nh gi s gim kh nng chu lc ca neo
do nh hng ca t bin(mi cp, t bin ca va, t, chiu di lin kt neo).
Mc ch ca kim tra l thin v xc nh khuynh hng ca t bin hn l nh
gi cht lng ca neo. Kim tra t bin m rng mt khong 8h. Kim tra ny o
bin dng do t bin ca neo. Yu cu neo phi c t trong lp st c do l
20 hoc hn v st gii hn l 50 hoc hn.


- Kim tra kh nng t nng: Kim tra kh nng t nng thc hin xc nh
lc ko neo trong t c neo. Kt qu ny l thng tin cho bit lc ko
neo nguy him.

Hnh: Kim tra neo.

4.10. Bin php t chc thi cng neo.
Thi gian thi cng 1 neo trong tng hng neo
Hng
neo
1
(L=44m)
2
(L=40.5m)
3
(L=35.5m)
4
(L=31m)
5
(L=25.5m)
6
(L=20m)
7
(L=17m)
Cng
vic
Thi
gian
(h)
Thi gian
(h)
Thi gian
(h)
Thi
gian
(h)
Thi gian
(h)
Thi
gian
(h)
Thi
gian
(h)
Chun b 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Khoan 1.5 1.5 1.25 1 0.75 0.5 0.5
Lun cp 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Bm va 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.25 1 1
Tng 3.5 3.5 3.25 3 2.5 2 2


Trong qu trnh thi cng neo i vi 1 my khoan cn 8 ngi:
+ 1 ngi iu khin my
+ 2ngi lp ng vch v lun cp
+ 3 ngi ph trch trn va v bm va.
+ 1 ngi phc v v lm cng tc khc
+ 1 k s gim st k thut.
+ 4 ngi gia cng cp
Trong qu trnh thi cng s dng 3 my khoan:
- Tng s ngi cho 2 my l: 20 ngi
Khi lng neo, thi gian thi cng, s nhn cng
Hng neo S neo
Chiu di
cp
(m)
Thi gian
(ngy)
S nhn
cng
1
(L=44m)
124 5456 19 310
2
(L=40.5m)
124 5022 19 310
3
(L=35.5m)
124 4402 17 279
4
(L=31m)
124 3844 17 279
5
(L=25.5m)
124 3162 14 217
6
(L=20m)
124 2480 12 186
7
(L=17m)
92 1564 7 115

- Khi lng ng vch: L khoan c chiu su khoan ln nht l h khoan
hng neo u tin. L=44m
S ng vch n=L/1,5=44/1,5 =30 (ci)
S ng vch phc v cho 2 my khoan lm vic cng mt lc:
N=2.n= 230 =60(ci)
- Khi lng va: V=LsD
Khi lng va cho mt neo v cho ton b hng neo
Hng neo S neo
Lneo
(m
3
)
V
va
-1neo
(m
3
)
V
va
(m
3
)
1
(L=44m)
124 11 0.540 67

2
(L=40.5m)
124 11 0.540 67
3
(L=35.5m)
124 10 0.491 61
4
(L=31m)
124 10 0.491 61
5
(L=25.5m)
124 9 0.442 55
6
(L=20m)
124 9 0.393 49
7
(L=17m)
92 9 0.393 36
Tng 836

Doko - VN 172377 Thiet Ke Neo de Chan Giu Tuong Trong Dat

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Doko - VN 172377 Thiet Ke Neo de Chan Giu Tuong Trong Dat

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