Bi tp i s 10 Chng I: Mnh - Tp Hp

Bin son: Nguyn Cng nh Trang 1

Chng I: MNH - TP HP

Bi 1: MNH

Bi 1: Trong cc cu sau, cu no l mnh . Vi cu l mnh , xc nh xem ng hay sai?
1/ Paris l th nc Anh. 4/ 2 4 x > .
2/ 2009 l s nguyn t. 5/ Tam gic lun c hai gc nhn.
3/ Khng c gim ln c! 6/ C s thc x:
3
2 0 x = .
Bi 2: Lp v xt tnh ng sai mnh ph nh ca cc mnh sau:
1/ Pt
2
2 2013 0 x x + = v nghim. 4/ Nm 2013 l nm nhun.
2/ Hnh thoi c hai ng cho vung gc. 5/ Hai ng thng song song c im chung.
3/ 328 chia ht cho 3. 6/ Hnh thang hai ng cho bng nhau.
Bi 3: Lp v xt tnh ng sai mnh ph nh ca cc mnh sau:
1/
2
: 3 0 x R x x - e = . 4/ -xeQ:
2
2 x = .
2/ neN: n > n
2
. 5/ xeR:
2
1 0 x x + + = .
3/
2
: 1 2 n N n e + . 6/
3
: 1 n N n - e + l s chn.
Bi 4: Cho AABC. Xt hai mnh P: AABC cn v Q: AABC c hai ng cao bng nhau. Hy
pht biu: , P Q Q P . Xt tnh ng sai ca chng.
Bi 5: Cho t gic ABCD. Xt hai mnh : P: ABCD l hnh vung, Q: ABCD l hnh ch nht c
hai ng cho vung gc. Lp v xt tnh ng sai ca cc mnh : , , P Q Q P P Q
Bi 6: Xt mnh R: V 36 chia ht cho 6 nn 36 chia ht cho 24. Nu R c vit di dng P Q .
Hy xc nh P, Q. Hi Q P ng hay sai?
Bi 7: Cho AABC. Xt hai mnh A: ABC vung ti A, B: ABC c
2 2 2
BC AB AC = + . Lp v xt
tnh ng sai ca: , , , , , A B B A A B A B B A A B .
Bi 8: Vi mi s thc x. Xt mnh cha bin
2
( ) : P x x x > .
1/ Xc nh tnh ng sai ca mnh (0), (2), ( 3). P P P
2/ Khi x < 0 th P(x) l mnh ng hay sai?
Bi 9: Vi xeR. Xt mnh cha bin
2
( ) : 2 3 P x x x = .
1/ Cc mnh P(1), P(-1), P(3) ng hay sai?
2/ Chng minh rng xeR th mnh ph nh ca P(x) l sai.
Bi 10: Xt hai mnh A: Hai tam gic bng nhau, B: Hai tam gic c din tch bng nhau. Lp v
xt tnh ng sai cc mnh , , , , , A B B A A B A B B A A B .
Bi 11: Xt hai mnh
2
: " 1", : " 1" A x B x > > . Lp v xt tnh ng sai cc mnh , , A B B A
, . A B B A
Bi 12: Cho mnh
4
( ) : P x x x = . Xt tnh ng sai cc mnh :
1/ : ( ) x Z P x - e .
2/ : ( ) x Z P x e .
Bi 13: Cho mnh P(x,y): x + y = 0. Xc nh tnh ng sai cc mnh :
1/ : " , : ( , )" A x R y R P x y e e .
2/ : " , : ( , )" B x R y R P x y - e - e .
Bi tp i s 10 Chng I: Mnh - Tp Hp
Bin son: Nguyn Cng nh Trang 2

3/ : " , : ( , )" C x R y R P x y e - e .
4/ : " , : ( , )" D x R y R P x y - e e .
Bi 14: Xt mnh : Vi mi s thc x v y nu 0 x = th 0 xy = . Pht biu mnh ph nh.
Bi 15: Vi x e R. Xt cc mnh
3
( ) : " 1", ( ) : " 1" P x x Q x x > > .
1/ Cc mnh P(2), Q(-1) ng hay sai?
2/ Chng minh rng ( ) ( ) P x Q x .
Bi 16: Cho mnh ( , ) : " 1" P x y xy = . Xt tnh ng sai cc mnh :
1/ (1,1), (1, 0), ( 2, 2) P P P .
2/ , : ( , ) x R y R P x y e - e .
3/ , : ( , ) x R y R P x y - e - e .
4/ , : ( , ) x R y R P x y - e e .
5/ , : ( , ) x R y R P x y - e e .
Bi 17: Xt hai mnh A: Hai gc bng nhau, B: Hai gc i nh.
1/ Cc mnh , , , A B B A A B B A ng hay sai?
2/ Chng minh: ( )
( )
A B B A = , ( )
( )
B A A B = .
Bi 18: Cho A, B, C l cc mnh .
1/ Chng minh:
( )
A A ng.
2/ Gi s ( ) A B ng. Chng minh rng: ( ) ( ) B C A C (

ng.
Bi 19:
nh ngha:
Mnh A v B c gi l mnh hi ca A v B, k hiu A B . . Mnh A B . ch ng
khi c A v B u ng (v sai trong cc trng hp cn li).
Mnh A hoc B c gi l mnh tuyn ca A v B, k hiu A B v . Mnh A B v ch
sai khi c A v B u sai (v ng trong cc trng hp cn li).
Chng minh rng:
1/ A B A B = v .
2/ ( ) A B A A . = .
3/ A B A B = . .
4/ A B A B v = . .
5/ A B A B . = v .
Bi 20: Xt tnh ng sai ca hai mnh P, Q nu ( )
( )
P Q P Q
(
v

sai.

p dng mnh vo chng minh ton hc: Phng php phn chng
chng minh ( ) A B ng bng phn chng, ta lm cc bc sau:
+ Gi s A ng v B sai.
+ Bng lp lun ton hc, t B sai ta suy ra nt A cng sai. (Mu thun vi gi thit A ng).
Bi 21: Nu n l s t nhin l, chng minh rng:
2
1 8 n .
Bi 22: Nu 3n + 2 l s l, chng minh rng n l.
Bi tp i s 10 Chng I: Mnh - Tp Hp
Bin son: Nguyn Cng nh Trang 3

Bi 23: Nu a, b l hai s dng, chng minh: 2 a b ab + > .
Chng minh cc nh l sau.
Bi 24: Nu
2
5 n th 5. n
Bi 25: Nu 2 a b + < th mt trong hai s phi nh hn 1.
Bi 26: Cho cc s thc
1 2
a , ,...,
n
a a . Nu gi ( )
1 2
1
...
n
a a a a
n
= + + + th t nht mt trong cc s
1 2
, ,...,
n
a a a s ln hn hay bng a.
Bi 27: Nu 1 x = v 1 y = th 1 x y xy + + = .
Bi 28: Nu
2
x chn th x chn.
Bi 29: Nu a, b, c l cc s bt k th mt trong cc BT sau ng:

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 ; 2 ; 2 a b bc b c ca c a ab + > + > + > .
Bi 30: Nu n l th
( )
3
3. n n
Bi 31: S 6 l v t.
Bi 32: Nu b, c l hai cnh ca mt tam gic vung nguyn th mt trong hai s chia ht cho 3.
Bi 33: Nu a, b, c tha mn:
0
0
0
a b c
ab bc ca
abc
+ + >

+ + >

>

th a, b, c l cc s dng.



















Bi tp i s 10 Chng I: Mnh - Tp Hp
Bin son: Nguyn Cng nh Trang 4

Bi 2: TP HP

Bi 1: Lit k cc phn t ca mi tp hp sau:
1/ A = { | n N n e l c ca } 24 .
2/ { | B n N n = e l c chung ca 36 v } 24 .
3/
{ }
2
| 0;1; 2;...; 5 C k k k = = .
4/
{ }
2
| 3 20 D n N n = e < < .
Bi 2: Lit k cc phn t ca mi tp hp sau:
1/
( )( )
{ }
2
| 2 4 0 . A x R x x x = e =
2/
{ }
| 4 . B x Z x = e s
3/
{ }
| 1 2 . C x N x = e s
4/
( )( ) ( )
{ }
2 2
| 6 4 3 0 . D x R x x x x = e =
Bi 3: Hy vit cc tp hp sau bng cch lit k cc phn t:
1/ { | 3 A x x k = = vi k e Z v } 4 12 . x < <
2/
{
2
| 4 B x Z x n = e = + vi n e N v n < } 9 .
3/
5
| .
1
C x R Z
x

= e e
`
+
)

4/
{
2
| D x Z x x = e l c ca } 4 .
Bi 4: Cho cc tp hp { } 1; 2 A = , { } 2; 0;1; 2; 4 B = ,
{ }
2
| 6 8 0 C x R x x = e + = . Hy xc nh xem tp
no l con ca tp no?
Bi 5: Cho { } { } 2 3 | , 2 6 | A k k Z B m m Z = + e = + e .
1/ Chng minh rng: 2 , 2 . A B e e
2/ Chng minh rng B A c .
Bi 6: Cho { } { } { } 0; 2; 4; 6;8 , 0;1; 2;3; 4 , 0;3; 6;9 A B C = = .
1/ Xc nh ( ) A B C v ( ) A B C . Nhn xt kt qu.
2/ Xc nh ( ) A B v ( ). A B C Nhn xt kt qu.
Bi 7: Cho {2 | A k k N = e v } { } { } 5 , 0;1; 2;3; 4;5; 6 , | 3 11 k B C n N n s = = e < s . Hy tnh:
1/ ( ) A B C . 4/ ( ) A B C .
2/ ( ) A B C . 5/ ( ) A B C .
3/ ( ) A B C . 6/ ( ) \ A B C .
Bi 8: C th ni g v hai tp hp A v B (khc | ) trong mi trng hp:
1/ A B A = . 3/ A B A = .
2/ \ A B A = . 4/ \ \ A B B A = .
Bi 9: Cho cc tp hp A, B v C. Liu c th kt lun c A B = c khng nu:
1/ A C B C = . 2/ A B B C = .

Bi tp i s 10 Chng I: Mnh - Tp Hp
Bin son: Nguyn Cng nh Trang 5

Bi 10: Cho
{ } {
2
| 1 18 , | A x Z x B x N x = e s s = e l c ca } { }
3 2
16 , | 9 8 0 C x R x x x = e + = .
1/ Lit k cc phn t ca A, B v C.
2/ Tm ( ) , , A B A B C A B C .
3/ Tm ( ) ( ) ( ) \ , \ \ A B C A C B C .
Bi 11: Cho tp { } { } 1; 2;3 , 1; 2;3; 4 . A B = = Hi A c bao nhiu tp con, B c bao nhiu tp con? Nhn
xt g v s tp con ca A, B. T suy ra { } 1; 2;3;...; C n = c bao nhiu tp con?
Bi 12: Gi
n
U l tp cc c ca n trong N.
1/ Xc nh
6 3 6 3 12 6
; ; U U U U U U .
2/ Tm h thc lin h m, n
m n n
U U U = .
Bi 13: Cho { } ; ; ; ; ; X a b c d e f = .
1/ Hy xc nh Y sao cho Y X c v { } \ ; ; X Y b c d = .
2/ Hy xc nh hai tp A v B sao cho: { } , \ ; A B X B A d e = = v { } \ ; ; A B a b c = .
Bi 14:
1/ Tm hai tp A B = sao cho: { } 1; 2;3; 4 A B = v { } 1; 2;3 A B = .
2/ Tm C sao cho: ( ) C A B A B = .
Bi 15: Cho { } { } 1; 2 , 1; 2;3; 4 . A B = = Tm tt c tp X sao cho: A X B = .
Bi 16: Cho { } ; ; ; ; ; A a b c d e f = .
1/ Hy tm tt c tp con ca A cha a; b; c; d.
2/ C bao nhiu tp con ca A cha hai phn t.
3/ C bao nhiu tp con ca A cha nhiu nht hai phn t.
Bi 17: Cho { } 1; 2;3; 4;5; 6; 7 . X = Vi , . A B X c
1/ Tm A, B sao cho: { } 1; 2;3; 4 A B = .
2/ Tm A, B sao cho: { } \ 4;5; 6 A B = .
3/ Tm A, B sao cho: { } \ 6; 7 B A = .
Bi 18: Cho A, B, C l cc tp hp bt k, chng minh cc khng nh sau:
1/ ( ) ( ) A B A B c . 4/ ( ) \ B A B A B = .
2/ ( ) A B B B = . 5/ ( ) ( ) ( ) A B C A B A C = .
3/ ( ) ( ) \ A B A B A = .












Bi tp i s 10 Chng I: Mnh - Tp Hp
Bin son: Nguyn Cng nh Trang 6

Bi 3: CC TP HP S


Bi 1: Vit li cc tp sau theo k hiu khong on:
1/ { } | 2 x R x e < . 4/ { } | 2 1 0 x R x e + > .
2/ { } | 1 5 x R x e s < . 5/
1
| 1
2
x
x R
+
e s
`
)
.
3/ { } | 0 x R x e > . 6/ { } | 3 2 3 x R x e s + s .
Bi 2: Vit li cc k hiu khong on thay cho cc biu thc sau:
1/ 3. x > 4/ | | 1 x s .
2/ 5 6 x > . 5/ 0 x < hoc 6 x > .
3/ 10 5 4 x s + s . 6/ Vi mi x.
Bi 3: Tnh cc kt qu sau:
1/ ( ) | ) ; 2 2; + . 5/ ( ) ( | 1;5 \ 1;3 .
2/ ( | ( ) ; 2 2; + . 6/ ( ) ( | { } ( ) 1;3 0; 4 5; 2 .
3/ | | | | 1;5 5;1 . 7/ ( ) ( | ( ) { }
1; 3 0; 4 5; 2 .
4/ ( ) ( ) 5; 1 1;5 . 8/ ( ) ( | { } ( ) ( ) { }
1; 3 0; 4 1;3 5; 2 .
Bi 4: Tnh cc kt qu sau:
1/
1
2 10
x
x
>

4/
3 1 5
| | 1
x x
x
+ < +

2/
1 0
1
1 0
2
x
x
+ >

+
+ <

5/
4 4 1
2 3 6
7
x
x
x
+
+ >

>

3/
| | 1
2 4 0
x
x
s

+ >

6/
( )
2
2 3
2 4 0
3
1 0
2 3
x x x
x
x x

> +

+ s

+
+ + >

Bi 5: Cho | | | | 4;1 , 3; A B m = = .
1/ Tnh A B khi 0 m = .
2/ Tm m | | 3;1 A B = .
3/ Tm m A B A = .
Bi 6: Cho ( | | ) 3;5 , ; A B a = = + . Hy xc nh a :
1/ A B c .
2/ | | 2;5 A B = .
3/ A B c ng mt phn t.
Bi 7: Cho ( ) | ) ; , ; A a B b = = + . Tm iu kin i vi a, b sao cho:
1/ A B | = . 3/ A B R = .
2/ \ R A B = . 4/ ( ) ( ) \ \ R A R B | = .
Bi 8: Cho ( ) ( ) 2 1; 3 , 4;5 A m m B = + = . Tm m :
Bi tp i s 10 Chng I: Mnh - Tp Hp
Bin son: Nguyn Cng nh Trang 7

1/ A B c . 3/ A B | = .
2/ B A c .
Bi 9: Cho phng trnh 2 3 0 x m + = v | | 0;3 A = .
1/ Tim m nghim phng trnh thuc A.
2/ Tm m nghim phng trnh khng thuc A.
Bi 10: Cho a b c d < < < . Xc nh cc kt qu:
1/ ( ) ( ) ; ; a b c d . 3/ ( ) ( ) ; \ ; a d b c .
2/ ( | | ) ; ; a c b d . 4/ ( ) ( ) ; \ ; b d a c .
Bi 11: Xc nh cc kt qu:
1/ ( | 3;5 Z . 3/ ( ) 1; 2 Z .
2/ | ) 1; 2 Z . 4/ | ) 3;5 N .






































Bi tp i s 10 Chng I: Mnh - Tp Hp
Bin son: Nguyn Cng nh Trang 8

KIM TRA CHNG I


1:

Bi 1 (2,5 im): Cho cc mnh cha bin ( ) : "2 1 0" P x x + > v ( ) : " 5 0" Q x x + <
1/ Xc nh tnh ng sai cc mnh : P(-1),P(0),Q(-1), Q(5).
2/ Tm gi tr ca x P(x) v Q(x) u ng.
Bi 2 (1,5 im): Cho mnh
2
: " : 1 0" A x R x x - e + + =
1/ Xt tnh ng sai ca A.
2/ Pht biu v xt tnh ng sai ca A.
Bi 3 (2,5 im): Cho { } 0;3; 6;9;12;15;18 A = v
1 5
|
2 3
x
B x Z
+
+
= e s
`
)
.
1/ Lit k cc phn t ca B.
2/ Xc nh \ , \ A B B A.
Bi 4 (2,5 im): Cho ( | { } ; 1 , | 2 5 A m B x x m = + = + > .
1/ Khi 5 m = . Tnh , A B A B .
2/ Tm m A B | = .
Bi 5 (1,0 im): Cho tp A c 5 phn t. Hi A c bao nhiu tp con cha t 2 phn t tr ln?




2:

Bi 1 (1,5 im): Cho hai mnh P: T gic c tng 2 gc i din bng
0
180 , Q: T gic ni tip
ng trn. Xc nh v xt tnh ng sai ca cc mnh : , , P Q Q P P Q .
Bi 2 (2,5 im): Cho { } { }
| 2 10 , | 5 . A x N x B x Z x = e s s = e <
1/ Vit li tp A, B bng lit k cc phn t.
2/ Xc nh ( ) , . A B A B B
Bi 3 (2,5 im): Cho { } { } , , , , , , , , , . A a b c d e f B a b g h = =
1/ Xc nh \ , \ . A B B A
2/ Xc nh C A c sao cho: \ A C A B = .
Bi 4 (2,5 im): Vit kt qu cc php ton sau theo khong, on:
1/
2 1
1
2
1
2 3 4
x
x x x
+
>

+ s +

2/
2 1 1
| | 3
x
x
>

Bi 5 (1,0 im): Tp A c 8 tp con. Hi tp A c bao nhiu phn t?