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Ban u ngi ta dng 7 ch u trong mu t La ng gi tn
nh sau: A B C D E F G
V sau GUI dArezzo dng 7 vn u ca mi tit trong bi Thnh
Ca knh Thnh Gioan t tn cho nh m thanh , v nt th
nht ca 6 tit u trong bi Thnh ca ny trng hp vi th t t
thp ln cao ca 6 trong 7 m vn dng trong m nhc. Bi Thnh
Ca ny, Gio Hi Roma ht trong kinh chiu l Thnh Gioan.
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Nt nhc l mt k hiu dng ch m thanh.

Mi m thanh c 4 c tnh:
Cao (pitch): cao hay thp
(th d: bi ht "cao" qa, ti khng ht c.)
Trng (duration): di hay ngn
(th d: ch cn phi ngn "di" hn.)
Cng (amplitude): mnh hay nh
(th d: ch ny cn phi ht "mnh" hn ch kia.)
m Sc (timbre, or tone quality): mu sc ca m thanh
(th d: ting ca phi N thng "trong tro" hn ting ca phi
Nam.)
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Cc nt nhc c ghi trn Dng K Nhc hay Khun Nhc (staff). Mt
dng k nhc gm c 5 hng k (line) v 4 khe (space). Nhng nt nhc
nm hng k hay khe trn cao, th c cao cao hn cc nt nm di.
Nhng nt nhc cao qa hay
trm qa m mt hng k khng
cha , th ngi ta vit nhng
nt nhc trn nhng hng k
ph hay khe ph.
Khung Nhc, Kho Nhc, v ng k ph
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Bn c bit nt nhc ny
tn l g khng?
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R Mi Fa Sol La Si
Kho Sol 2
Trc mi hng k nhc, c mt Kha Nhc. Nh nhng kha
nhc ny m ngi ta c th c c cc tn nt trong khun
nhc.
Cao (pitch)
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Ngi ta dng Kha Nhc khc nhau cho cc b
trong Ca on hay cho cc nhc c:

Kha Sol: dng cho cc b n nh Soprano v Alto.
Thng hng k th 2.

Kha Sol Ricordi: dng cho b Tenore (tn cc nt
cng ging nh ca kha Sol thng, nhng c mt
Octave thp hn. Thng hng k th 2.

Kha Fa: dng cho b Basso (v Tenore). Thng
hng k th t.

Kha : dng cho nhc c (nh viola) . C th
nm bt c hng k no, ty theo loi nhc c.
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In modern music, only four clefs are used
regularly: the treble clef, the bass clef, the
alto clef, and the tenor clef. Of these, the
treble and bass clefs are by far the most
common
Among the instruments that use treble clef are the violin, flute, oboe, bagpipe,
English horn, all clarinets, all saxophones, horn, trumpet, cornet, euphonium, baritone
horn, vibraphone, xylophone, Mandolin, recorder and guitar. Treble clef is the upper
stave of the grand stave used for harp and keyboard instruments. It is also sometimes
used, along with tenor clef, for the highest notes played by bass-clef instruments such
as the cello, double bass (which sounds an octave lower), bassoon, and trombone. The
viola also sometimes uses treble clef for very high notes. Treble clef is used for the
soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, contralto and tenor voices. The tenor voice sounds an
octave lower, and is often written using an octave clef (see below) or double-treble
clef.
When the G-clef is placed
on the first line of the
stave, it is called the
French clef or French
violin clef.
When the C-clef is placed
on the third line of the
stave, it is called the alto
clef. This clef (sometimes
called the viola clef) is
currently used for the
viola, the viola da gamba,
the alto trombone, and the
mandola.
Neutral clef
The neutral or percussion clef is not a
clef in the same sense that the F, C, and
G clefs are. It is simply a convention
that indicates that the lines and spaces of
the stave are each assigned to a
percussion instrument with no precise
pitch.
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When the F-clef is placed on the fourth
line, it is called the bass clef. This is the
only F-clef used today, so that the terms
"F-clef" and "bass clef" are often regarded
as synonymous.
This clef is used for the cello, euphonium,
double bass, bass guitar, bassoon,
contrabassoon, trombone, baritone horn,
tuba, and timpani. It is also used for the
lowest notes of the horn, and for the
baritone and bass voices.
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Tedeum Hi Linh
l Ricordi
howing middleC
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Ngi ta phn chia Trng (di / ngn) ca m thanh (nt nhc) ra lm 7
bc chnh, v gi cho chng bng nhng tn khc nhau:
Nt Trn (whole note): di nht
Nt Trng (half note): bng phn na ca Nt Trn.
Nt en (quarter note): bng ca nt trn, hay ca nt trng
Nt Mc (eighth note): bng 1/8 ca nt trn, hay ca nt en
Nt Mc 2 (sixteenth note): bng 1/16 ca nt trn, hay ca nt mc.
Nt Mc 3 (thirty second note): bng 1/32 ca nt trn, hay ca nt mc 2.
Nt Mc 4 (sixty fourth note): bng 1/64 ca nt trn, hay ca nt mc 3.
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Du trn
Du trng
Du en
Du mc n
Du mc i
Du mc ba
Du mc bn
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V Cu Tinh LM Kim Long
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L Hin Linh Phanxico
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Du lng trn
Du lng trng
Du lng en
Du lng mc
Du lng mc i
Du lng mc ba
Du lng mc bn
Du lng mc nm
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Sol
(en chm)
L
(mc n)
Sol
(en)
M
(trng chm)
Sol
(en chm)
L
(mc n)
Sol
(en)
M
(trng chm)
R
(trng)
R
(mc n)
S
(mc n)
S
(trng chm)

(trng)

(mc n)
Sl
(mc n)
Sl
(trng chm)
Hy cho bit s nhp ca on nhc ny
(Time Signature)?
Bn hy xng m on nhc bn trn
(Sight reading / sight singing) Solfge
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Lin Ba (Triplets)
l mt nhm gm 3 nt, m gi tr tng cng ca 3 nt ny, ch
bng 2 nt (cho nn mi nt trong Lin Ba phi tu nhanh hn
nt bnh thng). A "triplet" is a group of three notes played in the time of two.




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Lin Hai, Lin Bn (Duplets, Quadruplets)

Lin Hai: Gp trong nhp kp, l mt nhm gm 2 nt, m
gi tr tng cng ca 2 nt ny bng 3 nt (cho nn mi nt
trong Lin Hai phi tu chm hn nt bnh thng).
A duplet is indicated by a 2 and is two notes in the place of three.













Quadruplet is 4 in the place of 3. All of the examples
to the left would sound like four even notes, each 1/2-
second long.

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Lin bn: nhm 4 nt c gi tr thi gian bng 6 nt c cng
tnh cht
Lin nm, lin su, lin by: nhm 5, 6, 7 nt c gi tr thi
gian bng 4 nt c cng tnh cht. L din tu 5, 6 hoc 7 du
thay v ch phi din tu 4 du cng hnh dng.
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Du Hi on (Repeat sign) (du quay li, du ti on, LM Mi Trm)
Repeat Barlines
A passage between two repeat barlines is played at least two times in a
row. After the repetitions are played, the song continues onto the
following measures:
If the right (or end) repeat is on the very last measure, the song will
end after the repetitions are completed.
If there is no left (or begin) repeat, the song will repeat from the
beginning.
Volta Brackets
Numbered brackets change the ending of each repeated passage:
1st Ending: The first time the passage is played, bracket 1 is played.
2nd Ending: The second time around, the notation in bracket 2 is
played.
A composition can contain any number of volta brackets (also called
time bars or endings).
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Du Hi Tng (Segno and Coda Marks)
C ngha l: lp li on nm gia hai du ny. Nu s lp li bt
u t u bi nhc th khng cn phi ghi du hi tng u.
Segno and coda marks belong to a system used to express complex
repetitions:
1.D.C., or Da Capo
Indication to repeat from the beginning, and is seen two ways:
D.C. al fine: Repeat from the beginning, and end the song at the
word fine.
D.C. al coda: Repeat from the beginning; play until you reach a
coda (or the phrase al coda), then jump forward to the next coda
sign to continue playing

2.D.S., or Dal Segno
Indication to repeat from the last segno; seen two ways:
D.S. al fine: Repeat from the last segno, and end the song at the
word fine.
D.S. al coda: Repeat from the last segno; play until you reach the
first coda, then skip to the next coda sign.

Du D.C.: D.C. (da capo) c ngha l: tr li t u. Capo (Latinh) = u
Du D.S.: D.S. (dal segno) c ngha l: tr li ni c du hiu.
Segno (LaTinh) = du hiu
Trong c 2 trng hp trn, s lp li s ko di cho n khi c k hiu
FINE (ht).
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n Tp
Du Hi on (Repeat sign) Du Hi Tng (Segno and Coda Marks)
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m giai l mt chui 8 nt nhc lin tip
nhau i ln hoc i xung. m giai bt
u bng nt nhc no th kt thc bng
nt v ly tn nt nhc lm tn
ca m giai.
(A scale is a selection of certain notes within an
octave).
I II III IV V VI VII I
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m Giai Trng (C)
C Major Scale
1c 1c 1/2c 1c 1c 1c 1/2c
W W h W W W h
We Were happy When We Were home






T Lien Am T Lien Am
1 1 1 1 1
m Giai Sol Trng (G)
G Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai R Trng (D)
D Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai La Trng (A)
A Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai Mi Trng (E)
E Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai Si Trng (B)
B Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai Fa Trng (F )
F Major Scale

1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai Trng (C )
C Major Scale
V tr cc du thng trn dng k nhc
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai Fa Trng (F)
F Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai Si Trng (B )
B Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai Mi Trng (E )
E Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai La Trng (A )
A Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai R Trng (D )
D Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai Sol Trng (G )
G Major Scale
1c 1c 1c 1/2c 1/2c 1c 1c
W W W W W H H
m Giai Trng (C )
C Major Scale
Thc Tp
C
Am
Em
Bm
F m
C m
G m
D m
A m
G
D
A
E
B
F
C
Dm
Gm
Cm
Fm
B m
E m
A m
F
B
E
A
D
G
C
Circle Of Fifth