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Culture Documents
. 100 (%)
Vi:
W: m ca thc
= 53,772 g
= 52, 3718 g
Vy W =
. 100 =
. 100 = 46,43 %
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
4
b) o m bng my o m
1. Nguyn tc
Dng my o m trong thc, o 3 ln sau ly gi tr trung bnh.
2. Dng c
My o m (Model: Kett F511)
THNG S K THUT RI CETER-F SERI ES
Phng php o Tr khng in
ng dng v khong o
La ht di (9-30%), go xay ht di
(9-20%), la m (10-30%), u phng
(10-24%), tiu en (7-20%), tiu trng
(9-20%)
chnh xc 0,5% o trong khong 10 ~ 20% m
Hin th Mn hnh LCD backlight
Ngun in 4 pin 1,5V (loi AA Alkaline)
Kch thc (rng x di x cao) 164 x 94 x 65mm
Trng lng 445g (Net)
3. Cch tin hnh
Nhp v gi nt Average xa b nh trc.
La chn ch o cho thc , la (paddy) trn mn hnh hin th.
Cho lng thc va vo chn o, sau lp chn vo my. Gi c nh chn
v vn trc quay n vch quy nh.
Nhp nt Measure xc nh ch s m
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
5
Thc hin 3 ln lin tc, sau nhp nt Average ly gi tr trung bnh
4. Kt qu o c
o ln 1: 18,3 %
o ln 2: 18,4 %
o ln 1: 18,7 %
Gi tr m trung bnh: W
tb
= 18,46 %
Bn lun
Gia 2 phng php o m trong phng th nghim th:
Phng php s dng my o c u im: n gin, d thc hin, kt qu tng
i chnh xc nu thao tc ng. Tuy nhin, nhc im phng php ny: ph
thuc vo my, ch quan, d sai kt qu nu khng bit cch iu chnh my.
Phng php sy nhanh c nhc im: mt nhiu thi gian, i hi phi kho
lo trong tng bc, d cho kt qu sai lm (ph thuc vo cc yu t: con
ngi, my mc, mi trng xung quanh). Tuy vy, phng php ny cho kt
qu kh chnh xc, chp nhn c v thng c gi l Phng php trng
ti.
V kt qu o c:
Phng php s dng my o: W
tb
= 18,46 %
Phng php sy nhanh: W = 46,43 %
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
6
C mt s chnh lch kh ln gia 2 phng php, iu ny chng t trong lc th
nghim nhm cn nhiu sai st. C th:
phng php sy, c th qu trnh sy chn cha t yu cu ( n khi khi
lng khng i), lc cn chu nhiu nh hng cc yu t mi trng dn n
sai s
Cn i vi phng php my o, y l ln u tin nhm s dng my o m
nn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st ( vn trc quay cha ng ti vch).
Kt lun:
Nhn chung, in kin phng th nghim th phng php o m bng sy nhanh s
c nhiu bt li hn (iu kin phng th nghim cha tht s ph hp, sai st ca
ngi thc hin) v cho kt qu sai khc qu xa so vi dng my o m. Nn ta chp
nhn kt qu o c t phng php my o: W = 18,46 %
So snh vi ch tiu cht lng ca thc th m (%) thc nh hn m yu cu hay
18,46 % > 14%. Do , mu la ang th nghim khng t yu cu cht lng.
IV. Xc nh khi lng tuyt i ca thc
nh ngha
Khi lng tuyt i ca thc l khi lng ca 1000 ht nguyn vn
ngha
c trng cho ln ca ht thc. Nu khi lng tuyt i ca ht cng ln th chng
t ht cng to ngha l phn ni nh cng nhiu, khi ch bin t l ht go thu c
cng cao.
1. Nguyn tc
Cn 1000 ht nguyn m c t mu trung bnh v biu din theo n v (g/ 1000
ht)
2. Dng c v ha cht
Cn in t
Khay nha vung 20 x 30 cm
Cc 100 ml
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
7
Cc 250 ml
Que gt
3. Cch tin hnh
Sau khi ly mu trung bnh, trn u khi ht thc nhiu ln, dn u trn
khay
Dng que gt gch 2 ng cho
m chnh xc tam gic th nht 250 ht ri gp vi 250 ht tam gic i
din, em cn c khi lng ca 500 ht l m
1
(g)
Lm tng t vi 2 tam gic i din cn li, cn c m
2
(g)
Nu chnh lch gia 2 kt qu ca 2 mu 500 ht khng vt qu 5% th chp
nhn, cn vt qu 5% th phi tin hnh lm li.
4. Tnh kt qu
Kt qu o c:
m
1
= 11,4352 g
m
2
= 11,626 g
Chnh lch (%) gia 2 mu 500 ht c tnh theo cng thc
%CL =
. 100 =
. 100 = 1,64 %
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
8
Do 1,64% < 5% nn ta chp nhn kt qu o c ca 2 mu 500g
Vy khi lng tuyt i (KLTD) ca mu thc theo cht kh c tnh theo cng
thc:
KLTD = (m
1
+ m
2
) .
Vi m: khi lng tp cht (ht lp, bi vn) (g)
M: khi lng mu (g).
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
11
Kt qu th nghim thu c: m = 4,174 g ; M = 400 g
Vy X=
= 1,0435 %
5. Bn lun
Vy mu thc ang kho st t yu cu v ch tiu tp cht (1,0435 % < 2 %).
VII. Xc nh ht rn nt
1. Nguyn tc
Dng my hoc tay bc v tru ca mu thc. Quan st ht go lt pht hin cc
ht rn nt, t tnh ra % ht rn nt.
2. Dng c
Cn phn tch
Khay nha
My bc v
Knh lp
3. Tin hnh
Cn 20g thc t mu trung bnh, a vo my bc v thu c ht go lt. Dng knh
lp pht hin nhng ht rn nt trn ht go.
4. Tnh kt qu
% Ht rn nt c tnh theo cng thc
R =
(%)
Vi m: khi lng ht rn nt (g)
M: khi lng mu phn tch (g)
Kt qu thc nghim: m= 0,4g
Tuy nhin trong qu trnh bc v, vn cn nhng ht thc cha c tch v hon
ton. Do vy khi lng mu s bng khi lng thc tr i khi lng ht thc bc v
cn st (M
1
= 1,688g).
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
12
M = 20 M
1
= 20 -1,688 = 18,312 g
Vy: R=
= 2,18 %
5. Kt qu
Mu thc ang kho st t hng 1 cht lng v ch tiu ht rn nt.
VIII. Xc nh % cc loi ht
1. Nguyn tc
Chn cc loi ht: bc bng, ht bin vng, ht xanh non, ht h hng, ht , ht ln
loi c trong mu phn tch. T tnh ra % cc loi ht.
2. Dng c
Cn phn tch
Khay nha
My bc v
Cc 50ml
3. Tin hnh
Cn 20g mu thc t mu trung bnh, dng my xay tch v tru, dng tay nht tng
loi ht ri biu din theo %.
4. Tnh kt qu
Trong qu trnh bc v, vn cn nhng ht thc cha c tch v hon ton. Do vy
khi lng mu s bng khi lng thc tr i khi lng ht thc bc v cn st
(M
1
= 2,765g).
M = 20 M
1
= 20 2,765 = 17,235 g
Kt qu thc nghim, khi lng cc ht:
Ht xanh non: 0,45 g
Ht : 0,116 g
Ht bc bng: 0,602 g
Ht h hng: 0,095 g
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
13
Biu din theo thnh phn % cc loi ht, ta c:
% Ht xanh non
.100 = 2,61 %
% Ht
.100 = 0,67 %
% Ht bc bng
.100 = 3,49 %
% Ht h hng
.100 = 0,55 %
5. Bn lun
Mu thc ang kho st t hng 1 cht lng v ch tiu ht khng hon thin
(2,61 % < 3 %).
Mu thc ang kho st t hng 1 cht lng v ch tiu ht (0,67 % < 1 %).
Mu thc ang kho st t hng 1 cht lng v ch tiu ht bc bng (3,49 % < 7 %).
Mu thc ang kho st t hng 2 cht lng v ch tiu ht h hng
(0,5 % < 0,55 % < 1%).
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
14
I. o m:
1/ Nguyn tc:
Dng my o m trong thc, o 3 ln sau ly gi tr trung bnh.
2/ Dng c:
My o m dng cm bin
3/ Cch tin hnh:
Nhn nt Power khi ng my.
Nhn nt Select chn loi ht cn o. y chn ch Rice 12.
Nhn nt Measure chun b o m ca ht. i mn hnh hin th ch
pour ri bt u go vo my o, ch tc ht phi u trnh sai
s.
i mt vi giy mn hnh hin th kt qu, ghi nhn kt qu. Tip tc tin hnh
nh vy t bc go thm 2 ln na, sau bm nt Average tnh kt
qu trung bnh sau 3 ln o. Ghi nhn kt qu trung bnh.
Hnh 2.1. My o m
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
15
4/ Kt qu o c:
Ln 1: W
1
= 13%
Ln 2: W
2
= 13,1%
Ln 3: W
3
= 13,3%
1 2 3
W W W 13 13,1 13, 3
W 13,1%
3 3
Gi tr m trung bnh l: 13,1%.
5/ Bn lun:
Kt qu sau 3 ln o khng chnh lch nhau nhiu. Ngoi ra kt qu thu c so vi
cc nhm khc cng khng chnh lch nhiu nn kt qu ng tin cy.
II. Xc nh chiu di ca go
1/ Nguyn tc:
Dng thc cp xc nh chiu di ca ht go. T tra bng tiu chun xp
loi c tnh ca go.
2/ Dng c:
- Cn phn tch
- Khay nha
- Thc cp
3/ Tin hnh:
Cn 20 g mu go, chn ngu nhin 50 ht thc nguyn vn. Dng thc cp o
chiu di 50 ht go ri tnh chiu di trung bnh ca mt ht go
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
16
4/ Tnh kt qu:
Kt qu o chiu di 50 ht go nh sau:
Bng 1: Kt qu chiu di ca 50 ht
Ht Chiu
di ht
(mm)
Ht Chiu
di ht
(mm)
Ht Chiu
di ht
(mm)
Ht Chiu
di ht
(mm)
Ht Chiu
di ht
(mm)
1 6,3 11 6,1 21 6,6 31 6,2 41 5,6
2 6,6 12 6,0 22 6,4 32 6,9 42 5,5
3 6,7 13 7,0 23 7,1 33 6,4 43 5,3
4 6,6 14 6,5 24 6,6 34 6,7 44 6,5
5 6,9 15 6,7 25 6,5 35 6,2 45 7,0
6 6,2 16 6,7 26 7,1 36 5,9 46 6,3
7 7,0 17 6,3 27 6,4 37 6,3 47 6,6
8 6,7 18 6,4 28 6,7 38 6,0 48 6,6
9 6,4 19 6,6 29 6,7 39 6,1 49 6,8
10 6,8 20 6,5 30 6,5 40 5,7 50 6,1
Ta c:
6, 3 6, 6 6, 7 ... 6, 6 6,8 6,1
6, 47( )
50
l mm
5/ Bn lun:
Go ca nhm o c c chiu di trung bnh nm trong khong t 6mm n 7mm
nn c xp trong loi ht go di.
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
17
III. Xc nh t l tm:
1/ Nguyn tc:
S dng my chn ht tch ring phn go nguyn vn v tm. tnh ra phn %
tm so vi khi ht.
2/ Dng c:
- My chn ht.
3/ Tin hnh:
Ly 100g go vo my chn ht, cho my hot ng tch ring tm v go
nguyn. T tnh ra % ht tm so vi khi ht.
Hnh 2.2 My tch tm
4/ Tnh kt qu
Kt qu thu c l: 27,95g tm.
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
18
Suy ra:
T l tm trong 100g l 27,95%
T l go nguyn trong 100g l 72,05%
5/ Bn lun:
T l tm so vi khi ht khng ln vo khong 27,95%. Kt lun l cht lng go
kh tt.
IV. Xc nh % cc loi ht:
1/ Nguyn tc:
Chn cc loi ht: bc bng, ht bin vng, ht xanh non, ht h hng, ht , ht ln
loi c trong mu phn tch. T tnh ra % cc loi ht.
2/ Dng c:
- Cn phn tch
- Khay nhm
3/ Cch tin hnh:
Cn 20g go t mu trung bnh dn u trn mt khay hoc mt knh. Nht cc ht ni
trn thnh tng phn ring bit vo cc ng mu. Cn ring tng loi v t suy ra
kt qu % khi lng cho tng ch tiu cn xc nh.
4/ Tnh kt qu:
Khi lng ht bc phn l 0,67g.
% ht bc phn =
0, 67.100
3, 35%
20
5/ Bn lun: phn trm (%) theo khi lng ca ht bc phn l 3,35%. T l ny
khng ln lm nn kt lun go t cht lng. Do go kim nghim c ty trng
t trc nn cc loi ht b h hng, , xanh non, bin vng hu nh khng cn.
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
19
V. Xc nh hm lng tinh bt:
1/ Nguyn tc:
Thy phn tinh bt bng HCl sau xc nh hm lng ng tng bng phng
php Bectrand.
Glucid kh Cu(OH)
2
mi trng kim mnh, to kt ta di dng Cu
2
O mu
gch. S lng Cu
2
O tng ng vi s lng glucid.
RCHO + 2Cu(OH)
2
RCOOH + Cu
2
O + 2H
2
O
Cu
2
O c tnh cht kh, tc dng vi Fe(III) lm cho mui ny chuyn sang dng
Fe(II) mi trng acid.
Cu
2
O + Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
2CuSO
4
+ H
2
O + 2FeSO
4
FeSO
4
c tnh kh, tc dng vi KMnO
4
. Do , c th dng KMnO
4
chun
FeSO
4
mi trng acid.
FeSO
4
+ 8H
2
SO
4
+ 2 KMnO
4
K
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4
+ 5Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 8H
2
O
T s ml KMnO
4
0,1N dng chun FeSO
4
hnh thnh, tra bng c s mg
ng glucoza, maltoza, lactoza hoc saccaroza nhn vi h thng pha long ta c
hm lng ng trong 1g bt go.
2/ Dng c:
- Cn phn tch
- Bnh tam gic 250ml
- Bnh nh mc 250ml
- Cc thy tinh 250ml
- Phu lc
- Bp in
- Ni inox
- Burret
- Pipet 0,5ml
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
20
- Bnh tia
- Ch th PP 1%
- Dd HCl
- Dd NaOH 20%
- Dd Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
- Felling A, B
- KMnO
4
0,1N
3/ Cch tin hnh:
1g Bt go Thy phn 4ml HCl +100ml nc Lm ngui Trung ha
nh mc V
m
= 15ml + FA 20ml + FB 20ml un si (3 pht) Lng
Ha tan Chun = KMnO
4
V tiu tn.
Hnh 2.3. un cch thy thy phn mu.
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
21
Hnh 2.4. Cho dung dch NaOH 20% to MT kim.
Hnh 2.5. Cho dung dch vo bnh nh mc 250ml.
Hnh 2.6. un dung dch sau khi cho Fel A, B.
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
22
Hnh 2.7. Xut hin kt ta gch.
Hnh 2.8. Lc qua giy lc tch kt ta.
4/ Tnh kt qu:
Th tch tiu tn KMnO
4
l 3,2 ml.
ng nghch o (mg) KMnO
4
0,1N (ml)
10 3,24
11 3,55
Ta c : TB =
.
.100.0, 9
.1000.
dm
m
aV
m V
Trong : a khi lng ng nghch o
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
23
V
dm
: th tch nh mc
m: khi lng mu
V
m
: th tch mu.
0,9 l h s chuyn i t glucose sang tinh bt
11 10
10 . 3, 3 3, 24 10,19
3, 55 3, 24
a mg
TB =
. 10, 91.250
.100.0, 9 .100.0, 9 16, 365%
.1000. 1.1000.15
dm
m
aV
m V
5/ Bn lun:
Hm lng tinh bt trong go tng i ch so vi tiu chun. C th trong qu
trnh tin hnh th nghim cha c chun xc. Ngoi ra sau qu trnh lc tch kt
ta th tht thot nhiu kt ta, kt ta cn bm trn b mt dng c th nghim vv
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
24
I. Xc nh m ca bt m
- S dng my o in t, o 3 ln, sau ly kt qu trung bnh.
- m t yu cu ca bt m phi nh hn 13.5%.
Kt qu:
Kt lun: m ca bt m l 13.07% < 13.5% => bt m t tiu chun v m.
II. Xc nh chua ca bt m (hm lng axit)
- nh ngha:
chua ca bt m l s ml NaOH 1N dung trung ha lng acid c trong 100g
bt m.
1. Nguyn tc:
Trung ha lng acid c trong mu dung dch NaOH 0.1N vi ch th PP 1%.
2. Dng c v ha cht:
Cn phn tch
Bnh 150 ml
ng ong 50 ml
Bnh xt tia
S ln Kt qu (%)
Ln 1 12.9
Ln 2 13.1
Ln 3 13.2
Trung bnh 13.07
Hnh 3.1. Xc nh m ca bt m
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
25
Burete 10 ml
DD NaOH 0.1N
DD PP 1%
Nc ct.
3. Tin hnh:
Cn khong 5g bt cho vo 2 bnh tam
gic 150ml, thm vo 100ml nc ct
trung tnh, lc u tan ht bt. Dng
bnh tia ra nhng ht bt dnh trn thnh
bnh.
Bnh 1: thm vo 2-3 git PP 1% v em
chun bng dd NaOH 0.02N cho n khi
xut hin mu hng, bn sau 30 giy th dng
li v ghi th tch tiu tn ca dung dch
NaOH 0.02N.
Bnh 2: lc trn phu thy tinh, thu ly dch
lc. Sau thm vo dch lc 2-3 git PP 1%
v em chun bng dd NaOH 0.02N cho
n khi xut hin mu hng, bn sau 30 giy
th dng li v ghi th tch tiu tn ca dung
dch NaOH 0.02N.
Hnh 3.2. Ha tan bt m
Hnh 3.3. Chun bng dd NaOH 0.02N
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
26
4. Kt qu:
chua ca bt tnh bng (
0
) theo cng thc sau:
Trong :
V: s ml dung dch NaOH 0.1N dng trung ha lng axit c trong 50 gam mu,
(ml).
m: s gam mu cn phn tch, (g).
Bnh 1:
Bnh 2:
5. Bn lun:
Kt qu ca bnh 1 (bnh cha lc) c chua cao hn bnh 2 (bnh lc). iu
ny chng t bt m cha tan trong bnh 1 s cn tr im dng ca phng php
chun bng NaOH 0.02N (khi xut hin mu hng, bn trong 30 giy), do kt
qu s b sai lch.
Nhn chung, vic lc cn bt b cha tan (bnh 2) s cho kt qu chnh xc v ng
tin cy hn.
III. Xc nh mn ca bt m
1. Nguyn tc: s dng ry c l = 125 m.
Yu cu: phn lt ry 95% lt trng = 125 m.
2. Tin hnh:
Cn 100g bt ry t t (Lu : trong qu trnh
ry khng s dng tay ch p bt xung) cn
phn khng lt ry => biu din theo phn trm
khi lng.
Hnh 3.4. Ry bt m
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
27
Yu cu: phn khng lt ry < 5%.
3. Kt qu:
Khi lng phn bt khng lt ry: 0.75g ~ 0.75% => t yu cu.
IV. Xc nh hm lng v cht lng ca gluten
1. Nguyn tc:
To khi bt nho t bt m, ra khi bt nho loi b ht tinh bt, p kit nc.
T xc nh hm lng v cht lng gluten.
2. Dng c v ha cht
Cn phn tch
Cc thy tinh 100ml
a thy tinh
Ry c k l = 125m
Thc k
Khn kh
Chu nha
Dung dch I
2
3. Cch tin hnh
a. To khi bt nho
- Cn 25g bt m cho vo cc thy tinh 100ml
cha sn 15ml nc.
- Dng a thy tinh trn u sao cho tt c
bt u thm nc v khi bt t m l
40 45%.
- Ly bt ra, dng tay nho nn cho tht u,
vo thnh hnh trn v li trong cc vi
thi gian 20.
Ra khi bt nho
Hnh 3.5. Khi bt m sau khi nho nn
BO CO PHN TCH THC PHM
CHUYN : LNG THC THC PHM
NHM 3 | GING VIN: VNH LONG
28
Cch 1: ra trc tip di vi nc
t khi bt vo lng bn tay tri, nm cc ngn tay li v a vo di vi nc,
pha di t mt ry kim loi v dng tay phi iu chnh tc dng nc (1l
trong 5 pht). Dng tay phi nho nn khi bt nh nhng tinh bt b tch ra theo
dng nc. Tip tc ra cho n khi gluten tr thnh mt khi n hi th tng tc
nc ra cho n khi gluten sch ht tinh bt.
Cch 2: ra trong chu nc
t khi bt trong lng bn tay tri vo chu
nc c sn 2-3l nc. t mt ry kim loi
pha di tay nm khi bt. Dng tay phi nho
nn khi bt nh nhng tch tinh bt ra khi
gluten. Khi nc c th thay nc mi v tin
hnh cho n khi ht tinh bt.
b. p nc:
Sau khi ra khi bt nho xong, dng tay vt kit
nc trong khi gluten, lau tay kh v p ht
nc ra khi khi gluten.
c. Nhn xt mu sc khi gluten:
Bt tt c gluten t mu trng ng nht
Bt xu c gluten t mu sm
Bt hng c gluten t mu ti hn
Kt qu:
Lng gluten thu c: 6.85g.
Gluten t c mu sm chng t bt xu.
Hnh 3.6. Khi gluten thu c