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1
Trng HSP Hu Th ngy thng nm
Ngi son: ng Anh Nht
Lp: Ha 4A
MSV: 11S2011073
BI 43 TIT 58 ANKIN
I/ MC TIU BI HC:
1. Kin thc:
Bit:
- Khi nim v ankin; cng thc chung, c im cu to, ng ng, ng phn, danh php ca ankin.
- Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca axetilen.
- So snh c ankin vi ankan, anken. ankaien
Hiu:
- S ging nhau v khc nhau v tnh cht ha hc gia ankin v anken.
2. K nng:
Vit phng trnh ha hc minh ha cho tnh cht ha hc ca ankin.
Gii thch hin tng th nghim.
II/ KIN THC TRNG TM:
Tnh cht ha hc ca ankin.
III/ CHUN B:
Gio vin: M hnh phn t axetilen hoc hnh nh, cc th nghim minh ha lin quan n kin thc trong bi.
Hc sinh: n tp kin thc v axetilen hc lp 9.
IV/ PHNG PHP DY HC CH YU:
- m thoi nu vn , th nghim trc quan.
2
2
V/ TIN TRNH DY HC:
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c: Kim tra thng qua bi ging.
Vo bi mi (1pht): tit trc chng ta nghin cu v anken v dy ng ng ca n. Hm nay chng ta tip tc
nghin cu 1 hp cht c tnh cht tng t anken, l ankin.
HOT NG GIO VIN HOT NG HC SINH NI DUNG GHI BNG
HOT NG 1: NG NG, NG PHN, DANH PHP, TNH CHT VT L V CU TRC (15 pht)
- T CT ca axetilen v ng ng, gi
hc sinh lp CTTQ ca dy ng ng
ankin.
So snh CTTQ ca dy ng ng
ankin vi ankaien.
- T CTTQ, GV yu cu hc sinh cho
cc v d v ankin.
- Vit CTCT ca C
2
H
2
, sau yu cu
hc sinh vit cc CTCT ca ankin
C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6
, C
5
H
8
.T yu cu hc
sinh a ra nh ngha v ankin?
- C
2
H
2
+ kCH
2
C
2+k
H
2+2k
t n=2+kCTTQ l CnH2n-2 (n2)
2 dy ng ng c CTTQ ging nhau
- C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6
, C
5
H
8
.... C
n
H
2n-2
- Vit cc CTCT theo yu cu ca GV
Ankin l hidrocacbon mch h c 1 lin
kt ba trong phn t.
I/ NG NG, NG PHN,
DANH PHP, TNH CHT VT L
V CU TRC
1. ng ng
C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6
, C
5
H
8
.... C
n
H
2n-2
(n 2)
(CH CH), (CH C - CH
3
)...
- Dy ng ng ca ankin v ankaien
ging nhau v CTPT nhng khc v
CTCT.
VD: C
4
H
6
Ankin: CHCCH
2
CH
3
Akaien: CH
2
=CH - CH=CH
2
- Ankin l hocacbon mch h trong
phn t cha mt lin kt ba.
3
3
- Gio vin yu cu hc sinh phn loi
ng phn cu to ca ankin
C
4
H
6,
C
5
H
10
Va vit t kt lun v
loi ng phn ca ankin.
- Lu : Ankin khng c ng phn
hnh hc nh anken.
- Cng c: tng t anken, ankin c 2
loi ng phn cu to, nhng khng c
ng phn hnh hc.
-Nu cch c tn thng thng. Yu
cu hc sinh ctn 1 s ankin theo
danh php ny.
Lu hc sinh: tn ny t dng v
khi gc hp cht cng ln c cng
phc tp.
-Cung cp quy tc c tn quc t. Yu
cu hc sinh c tn cc ng phn
vit trn theo qui tc trn.
- Yu cu hc sinh t nghin cu phn
tnh cht vt l.
- Hc sinh tin hnh phn loi v rt ra
nhn xt: ankin c 2 loi ng phn:
ng phn v tr ni ba v ng phn
mch C.
CH C - CH
2
- CH
3
: etylaxetilen
CH
3
-CC-CH
3
: imetylaxetilen.
CHC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
: propylaxetilen
-Xut pht t tn ca ankan tng ng,
i ui -an thnh ui in.
Gi tn cc CTCT m GV ch nh
2. ng phn v danh php, tnh cht
vt l:
a) ng phn : C 2 loi ng phn
- ng phn v tr ni ba v ng phn
mch C.
b) Danh php:
*Tn thng:
Tn gc ankyl vi nguyn t C mang
ni 3 + axetilen
* Tn thay th:
- Xut pht t tn ca ankan tng ng,
i ui -an thnh ui -in
V d:
CH C - CH
2
- CH
3
but - 1 -in
CH
3
- C C - CH
3
but - 2 -in
CH C - CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
3
Pent - 1 - in
C - CH - CH3
CH
3
CH
3 - metyl but - 1 in
c) Tnh cht vt l: (sgk)
- a ra m hnh phn t axetilen .
Phn t gm lin kt no, c im lin
kt .
- Quan st v tr li: Phn t gm lin
kt n C - H v lin kt ba C C.
Lin kt 3 gm 2 lin kt v 1 lin kt
, lin kt km bn.
3. Cu trc phn t:
- Lin kt C C gm 1 lin kt
v 2 lin kt .
4
4
- Cc nguyn t C v H trong phn t
axetilen c phn b nh th no
trong khng gian.
- 2 nguyn t C v 2 nguyn t H cng
nm trn 1 ng thng.
- 2 C lin kt ba v 2 nguyn t H cng
nm trn mt ng thng.
HOT NG 2: TNH CHT HA HC (25 pht)
Yu cu hc sinh so snh cu to ca
ankin v anken, nhn xt kh nng phn
ng ca ankin.
Gng c kh nng tham gia phn ng
cng, tuy nhin ankin cha 2 lin kt
nn c kh nng tham gia phn ng vi
tc nhn theo t l mol 1:2 hoc 1:1, ty
thuc vo nhng iu kin xc nh.
1. Phn ng cng:
a. Cng vi tc nhn i xng.:
- Cng vi H
2.
Nu vn :Khi c xc tc Ni, t
o
thch hp th ankin cng H
2
to thnh
ankan.
- Gi hc sinh vit PTP ca axetilen
vi H
2
v phn ng tng qut ca ankin
vi H
2
.
- Lu : HS xc tc khc dng giai
on to anken v ng dng iu
ch anken t ankin tng ng.
- Cng Br
2.
Gio vin gii thiu th nghim axetilen
- Ankin v anken cng cha lin kt
km bn nn ging anken, ankin cng
c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng.
HS vit PTP theo yu cu GV.
Nhn xt : Axetilen cng lm mt mu
dung dch brm.
II/ TNH CHT HA HC
1 Phn ng cng
a, Cng vi tc nhn i xng:
- Cng H
2
CHCH + H
2
o
t Ni,
CH
2
= CH
2
* Lu :
CH CH + H
2
o
t PbCO Pd , /
3
CH
2
= CH
2
TQ: C
n
H
2n-2
+ 2H
2
o
t Ni,
C
n
H
2n+2
C
n
H
2n-2
+ H
2
o
t PbCO Pd , /
3
C
n
H
2n
* Cng Br
2
:
5
5
khi sc vo nc Br
2.
Yu cu HS nhn
xt.
- Hc sinh khc vit PTP C
2
H
2
vi
Br
2
( HD HS vit theo tng giai on)
Gii thiu giai on 2 xy ra rt kh
khn.
KL: ankin lm mt mu dung dich
Brm chm hn anken.
- Lu : Mun dng li G 1 th tin
hnh phn ng nhit thp ( -20
o
C)
CH CH + Br
2
CHBr = CHBr
Vit PT phn ng qua tng giai on.
C
n
H
2n-2
+2Br
2
C
n
H
2n-2
Br
4
C
n
H
2n-2
+ Br
2
0
20 c
C
n
H
2n-2
Br
2
CH CH + Br
2
CHBr = CHBr
1,2 - ibrom eten
CHBr=CHBr+Br
2
CHBr
2
-CHBr
2
1,1,2,2-tetrabrom etan
Ankin lm mt mu dd nc brom
TQ: C
n
H
2n-2
+ 2Br
2
C
n
H
2n-2
Br
4
C
n
H
2n-2
+ Br
2
0
20 c
C
n
H
2n-2
Br
2
Lu : Ankin lm mt mu dung dch Br
2
chm hn anken
* Cng vi HCl:
- Goi hc sinh vit p ca C
2
H
2
vi
HCl. (vit qua 2 G )
-Lu : Mun dng li giai on 1 thi
k Hg
2
Cl
2/
/150- 200
o
C.
- Cng HX vo anken bt i xng th
tun theo quy tc Mac- cop- nhi- cop.
- Cng H
2
O:
Lu : ankin tham gia p cng vi
H
2
O theo t mol 1:1.
- Tng t p cng HX .
-Vit p
-Vit p
-Vit p theo yu cu GV
(Maccopnhicop)
CHCH+HCl
o
t xt ,
CH
2
= CHCl
Vinyl clorua
CH
2
= CHCl + HCl
o
t xt ,
CH
3
-CHCl
2
CH C - CH
3
+ HCl
o
t xt ,
CH
2
=CClCH
3
(spc)
CHCl=CH-CH
3
(spp)
b. Cng vi tc nhn khng i xng:
* Cng vi HCl:
CHCH+HCl
o
t xt ,
CH
2
= CHCl
Vinyl clorua
CH
2
= CHCl + HCl
o
t xt ,
CH
3
-CHCl
2
CH C - CH
3
+ HCl
o
t xt ,
CH
2
= CCl - CH
3
(spc)
CHCl = CH - CH
3
(spp)
CH
2
= CCl - CH
3
+HCl
o
t xt ,
CH
3
- CCl
2
- CH
3
-Cng HX vo ankin bt i xng tun
theo quy tc cng Maccopnhicop.
* Cng H
2
O (Hidrat ho)
CHCH+H
2
O
2 0
, 80
2 4
H SO l
Hg C
CH
3
CHO
CHCCH
3
+H
2
O
o
t xt ,
(CH
3
)
2
CO
6
6
Vit p gia axetilen v propin vi
H
2
O.
- Sau GV phn tich cho hc sinh
thy s khng bn ca cc sn phm c
nhm OH ni vi
C mang ni i
CH
2
=CCl-CH
3
+HCl
o
t xt ,
CH
3
-Cl
2
-CH
3
Tng qut:
Axetilen + H
2
O
o
t xt ,
anehit axetic.
Akin # +H
2
O
o
t xt ,
hp cht thuc loi
xeton.
Goi HS cho bit phn ng ime v
trime ho. Ly VD
-Vit pt theo s minh ha ca gio vin
2CH CH
o
t xt ,
CH C-CH
2
-CH
3
3CHCH
botC C
o
, 600
C
6
H
6
c.Phn ng ime v trime ha
ime ho :
2CH CH
o
t xt ,
CH C-CH
2
-CH
3
(Vinylaxetilen)
- Trime ha:
3CH CH
botC C
o
, 600
C
6
H
6
(benzen)
- Phn tch v tr nguyn t H lin
kt 3 ca ankin ( Nguyn t H nh
vo C mang lien kt 3 linh ng hn
rt nhiu so vi H nh vo C mang
lien kt i v n, nn d b thay th
bng nguyn t kim loai ).
Lm th nghim minh ho C
2
H
2
tc
dng AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
Cho hc sinh quan st ri gi hc sinh
vit PTP minh hoa i vi propin.
Lu : p ny dung phn bit
ankin-1-in vi anken v ankin khc.
Quan st th nghim.
Hin tng c kt ta to thnh
- Vit PTP
CHCH+2Ag(NH
3
)OH Ag-C C-Ag
+ 2H
2
O + 2 NH
3
- HS ghi lu :
2. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi:
CH CH + 2 Ag(NH
3
)OH Ag-C C-Ag
+ 2H
2
O + 2 NH
3
kt ta vng Ag-C C-Ag
P ny dung phn bit ank-1-in vi
anken v cac ankin khc c lk 3 khng
nm u mch.
.
7
7
- Phn ng oxi ho hon ton:
( chy )
Yu cu HS vit PTP chy dng
CTPT tng qut.
Nhn xt s mol H
2
O v CO
2.
- Phn ng oxi ho khng hon ton:
Gii thiu th nghim: Axetilen sc
vo dd KMnO
4
.
Cho HS quan st nhn xt v vit
PTP. GV nhn mnh ankin lm mt
mu dung dch thuc tm hn anken.
Vit pt
-Nhn xt:
nCO
2
> nH
2
O
- Axetilen cng lm mt mu dung
dch thuc tm.
3C
2
H
2
+2KMnO
4
+4H
2
O 3C
2
H
2
(OH)
2
+ 2
MnO
2
+ 2KOH
3. Phn ng oxi ho;
a, Phn ng oxi ho hon ton
C
n
H
2n-2
+
2
1 3 n
O
2
nCO
2
+ (n-1)H
2
O
n
ankin
= n
CO2
- n
H2O
b. Phn ng oxh khng hon ton
Ankin lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm
chm hn so vi anken.
3C
2
H
2
+ 2KMnO
4
. + 4 H
2
O 3C
2
H
2
(OH)
2
+
2MnO
2
+ 2KOH
HOT NG 3: IU CH V NG DNG (3p)
Yu cu HS vit cc phn ng iu
ch C
2
H
2
.
Nu ng dng ca C
2
H
2
CaC
2
+ H
2
O C
2
H
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
2CH
4
ln , 1500 l
o
C
2
H
2
+ 3H
2
-Lm nguyn liu
-Lm nhin liu
III/ IU CH V NG DNG:
a) iu ch:
CaC
2
+ H
2
O C
2
H
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
2CH
4
ln , 1500 l
o
C
2
H
2
+ 3H
2
b) ng dng:
-Lm nguyn liu
-Lm nhin liu
VI/ CNG C, DN D: (1p)
- V nh xem li bi hc, Lm bi tp SGK.